davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
Industry's Problem.

Governors of seven Of the great in
dustrial States or their representatives
are meeting in Albany in an effort to
work out plan for meeting the hazard
of unemployment. The conference
called by Gov. Roosevelt of New York,
embraces the chief executives, or their
representatives, of New Jersey, Con-
necticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island
Pennsylvania and Ohio. Experts on
economics have been called in to ad-
wise the State executives.
The first day Of the conference indi-
Gated that a preponderance of opinion
favors the establishment of unemploy-
ment reserve funds by industry itself.
If industry can afford to lay aside
surplus funds for the payment of divi-
dends in slack times, it is argued, then
1t can well afford to lay aside surplus
funds to care for labor in such times.
The purpose of the conference is to
devise, If possible, some plan which
would make impossible of recurrence
the conditions which are now con-
fronted in the industrial States, with
millions of workers out of jobs. The
initiative in calling the conference was
taken by Gov. Roosevelt. At the out
set of the conference the New York
Governor directed attention to the fact
that while the States represented COM
prise only a little more than five per
nR he ~ hn INIT
States, 80 per cent Of the population
of the country live within the borders
of those States and a. per cent OF
the wage earners, who receive So per
cent of all the wages paid. The in
ference is that the duty must rest par
ticularly on these States, the industries
located within them and the State gov
ernments to work out measures which
will deal adequately with the employ
ment Of labor.
It is refreshing to find an opinion
that the Federal Government is not
primarily called upon to deal with the
problems which should be met by the
State governments and by the people
and industries of the States. Neverthe-
less, reference was made at the confer
ence to an alleged lack of preparation
by the administration at Washington to
meet the present unemployment situa-
ton. This Smacked of politics.
One of the speakers-Prof. William
Lieseron Of Antioch College-took the
position that Red Cross and private
charity aid to industrial workers in
times of unemployment amounted to a
subsidy to industry. He declared there
was no good reason why the public
should support the workers in slack
times; that this was the job Of industry
itself Why, he said, should industry
be in position to say to the Red Cross
or to public charity, in times Of de-
preston, You take care of these work.
ers until need them again? A good
many persons in the country will echo
this question.
II the Governors Conference in New
York can work out a plan which will
in a measure take care Of the workers
! in slack times without compelling them
to be the charges of public charity, it
will have, indeed, justified itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

that Of 1894 its numbers will decrease
as Washington Is approached. Gen"
Coxey brought into the Capital only
few scere men, not all of whom had
started from the Ohio rendezvous. Many
Of the originals had dropped out and
some new ones had joined the ranks,
attracted by the prospect OF free food.
But the Philadelphia "army" may
grow with the miles of progress. There
are doubtless a good many idle men
between here and Philadelphia with
nothing better to do than to march
along in possibly congenial company
and with the expectation of being
fed by the communities through
which they pass. If the ranks increase,
by the time Baltimore is reached the
two hundred may have become thou
sand, and more perhaps when WASH
ington is gained, and the problem of
the support of these marchers will have
become grave one.
This business of marching on Wash
ington" is not in any way a contribu-
ton to the solution of national eco
nomic problems. The Coxey army re-
suited in nothing at all in the way of
legislation. 1t gave rise to good deal
of friction, caused some acute suffering
and the only net outcome was the i'm
position upon this city of the burden
of caring for a lot of idle men for a
protracted period.
If these Philadelphia marchers per-
sist in their purpose and reach Wash
ington they are likely to become a
charge upon the District in some num-
bers. They cannot possibly advance
the cause for which they plead by ap-
pearing in person at the Capitol or at
the White House. 1t would be an act
of kindness for some one with per-
suasive tongue to intercept them and
induce them to disperse. There are no
jobs for them here, and probably none
in any of the cities they will pass
through on the way. They are likely
to suffer severely from cold and hunger.
Every humane consideration suggests
that they turn back at once.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
PLANTING FOR THE FUTURE
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

bearing trees on the grounds. In many
cases this is true, but in many in
stanceS-enough to make persistence
and patience northumberland trees
have been found after careful search.
How many people know that there Is
only one single-leaf confer IN North
America, the pinyon or single-leaf
pine, and that it not only yielded the
Winter provision of the Indians, but
that it now yields an annual harvest of
pine nuts convertible into cash? AS
early as 1888, zenaS Leonard, the clerk
of Capt. Joseph r. Walker, who was
the first weStbound white man to cross
the SierraS, makes note Of this tree
that played so important part in the
home economics of the Indian. John
G. Fremont in his memoirs also refers
to this species, which was the cause
of bloody battles fought by the PiuteS
and Washoe tribes over possession of
the territory in which the prolific trees
grew.
The Indians gather after hard frosts
to collect the cones that yield the nu-
tritiouS seed or nuts after being exposed
to the sun or artificial heat. The seeds
are eaten after they are roasted or are
dried and ground into meal The white
man has now discovered this delicacy,
and four carloads OF pine nuts were
shipped to distant markets after the
past season. The Indians were paid
about $35, 900 for this commodity, which
is new to Eastern markets.
PinyOn Thrives in West
Nevada is the State In which the
| pinyon tree thrives, and California,
Utah, idaho and Arizona know it, too.
Because it is important economically
and is associated with many of the
| stirring events of covered-wagon days,
it has place in the National Nut Tree
! Planting Project, and it will be included
with the better known black walnut,
shell and shagbark hickory. butternut
and beech trees, the planting of which
is being urged by the men in charge of
the tree planting project because they
are among the hardest and most use
full nut trees in America.
| It Is known that such famous grounds
as those Of Mount Vernon, Arlington
and Monticello possess nut-beartng
trees, and for more than decade nuts
have been obtained from the home of
George Washington and sent into dis
| tant States for planting, with the re-
suit that descendants Of the stately
walnuts are growing in 10 States. More
recently seeds from the home of George
| Washington Parke Gusts and Robert E.
Lee, now a national cemetery, and from
Jefferson's estate have been nationally
distributed. However, elementary rea-
soning shows that this limited number
of trees cannot furnish the quantity OF
seeds necessary to conduct a planting
program of 5,000,0 900 trees in five years,
the goal of the project.
Moreover, IL was the original pur-
pose of the sponsors of this forestry
program to couple with tree planting
increased interest in all heroes and
historic events of American history and
thereby stimulate patriotic sentiment
The dual purpose Of the project is to
perpetuate native nut trees and link
with their growth and development the
history and memorial values of great
men, institutions and events.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

Old diaries are interesting and pro-
woke "reminiscences. The line-a-day diary
enables us to make comparison year by
year with events past and gone. Il we
read between the lines we are enabled
to note the evidences OF progress or de-
cline in our physical, mental and spirit
ual life. Some of us would hesitate as
we reach maturity to turn to pages that
record the events of our earlier life.
There are some things that we would
hardly wish to remember. There are
some pages Soiled and stained by m1Sad-
ventures, miShaps and failures. 1t is
better to forget these If we can. I
doubt not that some would like to re-
write the story of their youth and to re-
wise the record of its happenings. There
is an old maxim that sixteen decides
sixty" which implies that the habits,
practices, outlooks and ideals of the
teen age have a determining effect upon
the whole after-period of life. OF course
we witness exceptions to this general
rule, but there is much to be said for it.
Youth is plastic and susceptible to int1u-
ences that play about it and upon It,.
Youth receives impressions that have
lasting effects. There is no period OF life
that needs to be more securely guarded
than this impresSionable period when
we are laying the foundations for flu
ture career. Hence, the Importance of
keeping clean the pages that record the
incidents of earlier years. The words OF
the wise man have a deep significance:
Remember thy Creator in the days OF
thy youth, before the evil days come,
and the years draw nigh, when thou
shalt say, have no pleasure in them"
In the many contacts and interviews
I have from time to time with men and
women who in their mature life have
met with disappointments, misfortunes
and failures, it is disheartening and
tragic to note that these later miscar-
riages are in almost every instance di-
rectly traceable to incidents relating to
their youth. Very frequently these later
misfortunes seem, in the light of the
present, to be illogical and unwarranted,
but when traced consistently to the
causes that produced them We discover
their genesis in the ill-founded and I'M
founded impressions Of early life.
Two striking instances that came
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
Late Slump Less Than
That Suffered in 1921
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

In all of the talk here last week
about unemployment there has come
grain of comfort, furnished by the
Federal Reserve Board. Through re-
port on results of its economic survey
for 1880 the board discloseS that In
three great classif1cations-factory, coal
mining and railroad labor-fewer per-
| sons lost their jobs during the past year
than in 1921, during the postwar de-
| flation.
Figures taken from the boards report
show that the average number OF per-
sons employed by factories, coal mines
and railroads last year was $685. OO
and that these same groups employed
an average of 10,855,000 during 1929.
Thus, the decline from 1929 to 1880 was
$4,000.
I The same statistics Of the board show
that 11919,000 employees were on the
nav rolls of factories, coal mines and
! railroads in 1920 and 9,328,000 in 1921.
| The decline, therefore, was 2,591,0oO,
nearly double the falling off in the cur
rent depression.
There is yet another way to look at
| the comparison in the report of the
board. The total annual factory wage
Is given. This shows that factory pay
rolls in 1929 totaled Sill ,462 100000 and
! that in 1880 the total was $9,316,000,O 900,
a drop of approximately $2,150,000,0 1000.
To go back 10 years again, the 1920
pay roll in factories aggregated $12,-
| 562 900, 900, but the 1921 pay roll had
fallen of to $8,200,000,000 a decrease of
So, $50 .OO0, 900, or an amount more than
double that which has been shown for
| the period from 1929 to 1880.
Ganarollu CnaakinU IL NAV he said that
economists accept the Federal Reserve
| figures as being as nearly accurate as
any statistics published in Government
quarters. The point to these statistics
| is, it is suggested, that while they make
no pretense at embracing the entire
category of employment, they cover
list of the major groups that can be
used to demonstrate the extent of I'M
employment at a time when statistics
are being quoted with reckless abandon,
and the conclusions, naturally enough,
are hopeleSsly in conflict.
X X y X
In explanation of the smaller number
of men employed even in the boom
year of 1929, in comparison with other
years, the board observes, in the course
of an analysis of conditions from 1900
to 1880. that changes of vast import had
taken place in industrial methods.
THESE changes, OF course, more directly
concerned that larger list of the three
named-manufacturi
During the period from 1900 to $780,"
the board says, 1.-The number of workers
employed in factories was almost
doubled, while the physical volume of
output of manufactures increased three
fold This slower rate of increase in
employees was the result both of the
introduction of labor saving devices in
established industries and the relatively
more rapid growth In output Of new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

industries-such as petroleum and au-
tomobiles-that use less labor per unit
of product.
During the war years the number
of factory employees increased at rate
almost as rapid as production. In 1921
the decline in employment was large,
and since that time, while the number
of factory employees has increased
somewhat, the wartime total has not
been reached. During each of the pc
RODS of business recession since the
war methods of factory production have
been so reOrganiZed as to require less
labor, and in the ensuing periods OF
business activity the total volume of
factory employment has not regained
its former level Other occupations,
however, have absorbed a share of the
workers released from the factories"
Publication of the report of the Re-
serve Boards statistics, which was
done in a routine way as the figures
were not the result OF a special study,
caused renewed interest TO attach to the
recent statement by Col. Arthur Woods,
the chairman of the Presidents Emer-
gency Commission on Employment In
his testimony before the Senate Com
mittee on Appropriations in response to
the La Toilette resolution, Col. Woods
made reference to the similarity of con-
ditions now and in 1921. He drew no
direct comparison, being content to
say that in so far as economic phases
of the problem were concerned, the Sit
uation was comparable.
This time, however, there has been
drought that wrecked the potential buy
ing power of hundreds OF thousands in
the rural communities and smaller
cities dependent upon the prosperity of
the farmer to live, in the last year, a
condition that did not obtain in 1921.
This factor obviously has added to the
list of unemployed in a manner that
permits of no accurate calculation.
lCopyrights 1914
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

A treasure hunt that Is part Of
treasure distribution program and that
will last for five years Is under way. 1t
is national In scope, extending from
coast to coast and from Canada to the
Rio Grande. and 1t is concerned with
commodity which, like the biblical
loaves and fishes, increases with distrl-
button. Briefly, the treasure is trees
and its coin is nut seeds that will pay
ineStimable dividends, according TO for
eSters.
The first step in the treasure hunt,
which is being conducted from the
headquarters of the National Nut Tree
Planting Project in Washington, d. c.,
is a search for nut-bearing trees on
historic grounds: the second is the gath
ering of the seeds from these famous
trees, and the third. which involves the
cooperation Of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, includes the
grading and testing of the seeds and
their distribution for planting by Boy
Scouts all over the United States.
The cooperation of individuals and
organizations has been asked in the
task of securing the seeds that will con-
tribute to distant homes esthetic, eco
nomic and sentimental values. Because
every community possesses hallowed
ground, cherished by 1t, but perhaps
unknown to the council in charge of
| the project, an appeal is being made for
those who are informed to send the
names of their local shrineS to the
| headquarters in the Nations Capital
Persons who do this become part of
a conservation program that will as
sure the perpetuation OF trees Of useful
species and the stimulation of patriotic
sentiment by the planting of trees with
| traditions.
! If they secure permission for the gath
ering of nuts on these grounds. they
| have increased their service immeaS-
urably. 1t goes without saying that the
supreme gift to this forestry enterprise
is the sending of nuts during the golden
days of "nutting time"
AT the present time a survey IS being
made both to discover the places that
have had part in the development OF
America and to find ones which possess
nut-bearing trees. State officials will
| be asked to furnish the names of
grounds associated with men or events
that have achieved mention in the pages
of history. For example, there is the
birthplace of Thomas Edison in Milan
Ohio, and the site of one of the first
cotton mills In the country in the
vanished town Of Tridelphia, Md.
Careful Research Conducted.
| The shelves of the Library of Congress
are to be searched for books that will
throw light upon places not generally
| known. but which should be given
recognition for their contribution to the
country's progress. Ridgeland, S. c., Is
an example of this class of place, fol-
the home of a signer of the Declaration
of independence, Thomas Hayward, jr.
and the old White Hall plantation built
before the Revolution are found there
One obstacle is generally thrown ur
to bar the progress of the researchers
who are doing their work at long dis
lance. They say that usually after they
have discovered some place that should
be memorialized, the local authorities
express their willingness to cooperate
and their regret that there are no nut
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
The Craving for Oratory.

The Craving for OratOry.
Oh, why should unemployment be
A threat to any man,
If he some little chance may see
To talk as best he can?
The soap box should be cast aside
AS something insecure;
But any one with eager pride
May start lecture tour.
The topic does not matter much
If it permits the choice
Of language which the heart will touch
And exercise the voice.
So do not linger to explain
The wants that you endure,
But take the way to ready gain
And start lecture tour.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

From the Chicago Daily Tribune.
New York's scandal of morals enforce
ment is a study for the whole country.
1t is an exhibit of law and police
methods at their worst. The law ex-
ceeded the requirements of intelligent
provision for public decorum, decency
and morality, The police detailed to
enforce it proceeded to excuses which,
as revealed, put odium on the whole
system of justice. 1t is more than a
New York incident. It is an American
episode and if examined might yield
the true formula of American reform
and its results.
The consequences in the New York
case are shocking. Women were framed
and entrapped INSCRIPTIONS investi-
gators blackmailed offenders who ought
to have been arrested and railroaded
victims against whom there was no
credible evidence. The morals courts
were speeded up for summary punish
ment and the woman who entered was
virtually lost. 1t is an unbelievable
picture of ruthlessness, one of insensate
persecution, of police cruelty and turpi-
tude.
Scores of young women are discovered
to have been illegally committed to in
situations. Whether they were guilty
or not, they were not imprisoned by
legal process. Innocent women were
exposed to shame. The courts appear
to have been Indifferent to the POSSIBLE
tiles of the situation and to have been
no protection to citizens placed in moral
jeopardy by the depravity of the officers
and their stool pigeons.
Considerable and intelligent people are
dismayed by the consequences of this
vicious administration of law in the
name of morality, and they cannot eS-
cape the conclusion that these conse-
quences are inherent in the methods
to which American reform is addicted.
Instead of enforcing law properly de-
vised for the requirements of public
problem, 1t prowls. 1t endeavors to
incite the offense for which it has a
penalty prepared. It is not guardian
of public interests, but prosecutor of
the individual 1t esteems virtue to be
q tally of victims. Virtue is in a way
of becoming the great American vice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

Observations by the q. s. Chamber Of
Commerce indicate that the business
dead center" has been passed and the
upward swing reached. The term
psychological depression" was invented
years ago. The students Of mental
phenomena agree that such a thing
may exist and also that it must yield
to the influence of industry and normal
occupation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
Marching on Washington.

Memories Of the march Of "Coxey's
army" in 1894 from Ohio to Washing
ton are revived by the announcement
that some two hundred men started
yesterday from Philadelphia to hike to
the Capital to present an appeal to the
President TO hasten the passage OF
legislation for the relief Of unemployed
former soldiers. Most Of the men who
are marching. it was stated, are World
War veterans. Others are tobless work.
ing men without war records.
II this army" has an experience Ike
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

"Short selling is foolish" says George
F. Baker, dean of American bankers.
Mr.. Baker is ninety years of age and
with opportunities for q lifetime Of
financial observation is naturally re-
garded as likely to know exactly what
he is talking about.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

Leaving the police to clear away Of
tenders against various forms Of law,
Senator Howell of Nebraska will con-
duct a campaign of concentration on
Satan's most prominent satellite at
present, Demon Rum"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

A habit of political thought has been
developed which causes every public
expression on economic topics to be
scrutinized primarily for any effect it
may have on the next presidential cam
paign,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

A homicide mystery continues to pro-
duce clues for an indefinite length OF
time. The main effect is to keep the
police reporter from cherishing any
hope of five-day week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

There are politicians who, while adj
hitting that prohibition is not altogether
satisfactory as social experiment,
continue to be convinced that 1t has
lost none of its vigor as campaign
issue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

There are no longer bards who go
from hall to hall to charm audiences.
Professional debaters now perform that
Office in manner which gives general
satisfaction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

A speaker who asserts that bootleg
gers have charmed lives has evidently
neglected to read all the news about
underworld personages who have been
put on the spot"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

Communists have been warned in
various parts Of the country that the
so-called Reds must not attempt to in
terfere with the Red Cross.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25

Again all American citizens are pre-
pairing to meet any demand for income
tax, with the possible exception Of AL
Capone and his personal friends.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-25
In the Heights.

Don't you admire the Shakespearean
drama?"
There are two forms of entertain
ment," replied Miss Cayenne, that ]
can't properly appreciate. One is
Shakespeare and the other is trapeze
performance. They are both too far
over my head"
"Great men," said Hi Ho, the sage
of Chinatown, "are often men in reality
not very large, but highly magnified
by popular imagination"