davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-06
Snowden Has Relapse,

LONDON. March Up Philip
Snowden, chancellor of the exchequer,
had a slight relapse yesterday after
suffering from influenza for some time
His condition at present is not caus-
ing anxiety, however.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
ADAMS TRACT
HOME BEGUN
Erection Of Nursery House
10 Started On
Monday


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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
LYE0RD GRADS
HEAR SERMON
Baccalaureate Preached
Sunday By Baptist
Pastor

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
Bowman Announces
Advertising PAYS

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
FORMER DONNA
RESIDENT dies
Mrs r. a OrHea Dies i
Germany While TakinE
Treatrent

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12
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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-05-12

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
TREND TOWARD LOWER MONEY
RATES CONTINUES INTO 1881
Further Reductions In Rediscount Rates
Are Expected by Federal Reserve
Banks In Near Future.

to establish branches within prescribed
trade areas.
The latest figures Of bank suspensions
IN 1880 indicate q total for the year
OF approximately 1,100 Those actually
reported by the Federal Reserve Board
from November 80 were 9e1, involv-
ing deposits of $515, 200, 900. In an
elaborate discussion of the causes of
these failures the National City Banks
circular today finds that they are
largely q sequel to the rise in land
values and commodity prices growing
out OF the war and TO a great ex-
pansion in bank credit which was a
natural concomitant of q period Of I'M
paralieled prosperity.
Rise in Land Values.
For a period of so years." says the
review, land values have been gen.
orally rising and public opinion was in
clined to accept the war-promoted rise
as merely more pronounced develop
ment of a natural tendency. The rural
banks became involved in loans which
directly or indirectly were based on
these land values. 1t has since de-
veloped that while the war gave a tenn
porary stimulus to the prices of farm
products, it gave permanent stimulus
to farm production, with the result that
farm products are now back to pre-
war prices. leaving the new indebted
ness without adequate support. This is
plain statement of the grave situation
with which the banks, whose business is
largely with farmers, have had to con-
tend"
Both the controller of the currency
and the National City Bank circular
place the blame for many of these sus-
pensions on the promotion Of banks by
people without banking experience.
Both also discuss at some length the
matter of examinations of q more eff
fective type than those now in opera
ton. The National City Bank circular
dwells particularly on the part that the
New York Clearing House Association
and the Chicago Clearing House have
taken in other periods of banking dis
tress and on the value of concentrated
and co-ordinated banking organization
of this sort in absorbing the shocks of
banking disturbances in metropolitan
areas.
(Copyriaht, 193l)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
Washington Produce

Butter-one-pound prints. s7ass;
Eggs-Hennery, s2ass; current re-
ceipts, 28a30
Poultry, alive-Turkeys, young, 25a
81 old, 23a24; chickens, 17a18; Leg
horns, Is; fowls, heavy, 15a16; small,
Halls; Leghorn fowls, IL; BOOSTERS, Is;
ducks, Is; keats, large and young, so
a60; old, 25a30. Dressed = Turkeys,
young, 33a35; old, 3la32; chickens, goa
%; Leghorns, 10; fowls, heavy 17al8;
small, IT: capons, large, 37a3S; small,
32a35; ducks, 24a25; ROSTERS, Is; keats,
young, 7Oa80; old, 40a45.
Meats-Beef, l8a23;i veal, 1sa23;
lambs, 20a23: pork, loin, "a; fresh
hams, "a; fresh shoulders, 90. Smoked
Hams. IS; shoulders. 10; bacon, 81.
Game-Rabbits, 20a30.
Lard-In bulk, 1919; in packages, is.
Live Stock-CalveS, 10; lambs, 8.
Fruits Strawberries, per quart, 70a
30; oranges, California, 2.50a4.5O; Flor
ida, 2.50a3.00; grapefruit, 2,50a3.o0;
tangerines, 200a2.50; kumquats. per
quart, Is; grapes, Belgium, hot house,
per pound, IS; Emperors, 1.50a1 as;
cranberries, 3.75; apples, bushel baskets,
75a2.00; box stock, 3.25a3.75; lemons,
$50; pears, box stock, 300a3.50 pine
apples, 500; lines per 100, 2.00a3.00.
egetableS-PotatoeS, l5O-pound SACKS,
3.00a3.50; Florida, new, per bushel,
500; sweet potatoes, per bushel, 1.50a
200; celery, California, large crates,
5.00a600; New York, small crates, 800:
cabbage, new, per hamper, ZOO: old,
100-pound sacks, $50; parsnips, per
bushel, 1.25a1 so; peppers, per crate,
2.50a300; broccoli, 3.50a4 90; carrots,
per 100 punches, 6.00a7.00; beets, 100
punches, 6.00a700; peas, Mexico. As
pound crates, 5.75a6.00: mushrooms,
65a1 90; mostly rs: caulifiower, 2.0Oa
2.25; tomatoes, Florida, originals. Span
crates, 500; cucumbers, Boston hot
house, dozen, $50; French endive, To-
pound box, $50; string beans, 4.00a
500: kale, 75a1.00; spinach, Local rs;
lima beans, 4.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
By CHARLES y. sPEARE.
special Dispatch to The star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, January 3.-The trend
toward lower money rates, which was
one Of the conspicuous features of the
last half Of 1880, is continuing into the
new year. Today the Bank Of France
reduced its rediscount rate from az
per cent to 2 per cent, where it is on q
parity with the rate recently established
by the Federal Reserve Bank of New
York
Not since the early part Of this CEN
tury, when both the Bank Of France
and the Bank of England quoted min
imum rates Of per. cent, has there
been the equivalent of the official rate
announced today from Paris. The Bank
of England held its rate at per cent
and, with the decrease in its reserves
which it has been experiencing, it is
quite likely that it will hold to this
figure for some time.
Further Reductions Seen.
Further reductions in Federal Reserve
district, following those made in New
York, Cleveland and Boston, are an
ticipated. They will come not only
from Eastern Reserve Banks, but from
some OF those in the Southwest, where
it is felt that banking conditions make
lower rates by the central institutions
desirable policy.
The attention of the banking world
was called today to board discussion
on banking conditions and reforms
which appeared in the annual report
Of Controller of the Currency Pole ano
in the January circular of the Ma.
tional City Bank. Mr.. Pole has lonl
been a strong and aggressive advocate
of branch banking. The necessity fol
this, he again emphasizes in connec.
ton with the unusual number of bank
ing suspensions during last year HI
points out that So per cent of the sus.
pensions in 1880 occurred in the sgri.
cultural States of the South, Middle
West and West. There was a striking
Increase in those States where there
is q strong sentiment against branch
banking. Consequently, the controller
of the currency believes that Congress
should amend the McFadden act o.
1927 so as to permit national bank
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
PLEA FOR BRANCH
BANKING RENEWED
Discussion Revived by Poles
Recommendation in His
Annual Report.
BY CYRIL B. UPHAM.

Discussion of branch, chain and group
banking was given new impetus by the
recommendation Of the controller of the
currency, John w. Pole, in his annual
report to Congress that national banks
be permitted to establish branches with
in their economic trade areas, irrespec-
tive of State lines.
The controller frankly admits that this
would give to some national banks an
advantage over competing State banks.
but he urges its adoption as a means of
regaining for the Federal Government a
control over commercial banking re-
sources such as it had when the national
bank act was first enacted.
Argument for Change.
Mr.. Pole sees in the record Of some
5 500 bank failures In the past 10 years
tieing up 1900 ,000, 900 of the deposits
of persons of small means-country
business men, farmers and savings de-
positors in farming communities
strong argument for some change in the
banking structure which will bring tt
rural districts the benefits and protec-
ton of the strong, well managed banks
! now operating in commercial centers
These bank failures have caused the
/ capitalization, he believes, of an increas.
ing public sentiment favorable to branch
, banking.
Only banks having a capital Of ST..
900 600 or more would be permitted u
establish branches under the control.
lers proposal, but 1t is inevitable thai
with the consultations which would re.
suit, and the greater banking TERRITORY
TO be served directly by the nationa
/ banks of any particular city. the mum.
Der of banks that size would be con.
siderably increased. For instance, in
one of the Middle Western States there
/ Is now only one national pank with {
J capital Of over 81 100000. If Mr.. Pole:
regional plan were adopted, 1t is be.
lieved there soon would be severa
banks Of that size in the State. with
smaller institutions IN the country dis
tricts being replaced by branches o
the strengthened city banks.
Another important recommendation
of the controller Is for Federal author
ity to examine the Affairs of group banl
holding corporations, when one or NOR
national banks are included in tn
group. Indeed, he would prohibit ma
tionai banks from being members of
group unless all Of the members wer
national banks. It is not believed thi
rule would be retroactive in its effect
even If adopted by Congress.
There is difference of opinion as b
the effect on present group bankin
systems of branch banking in trad
areas Some group leaders have indi
Gated they would convert to brancl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
CROP VALUE ESTIMATED
By the Associated Press.

~ tIiE H5oUCIdttu FTtsS.
The Department of Agriculture esti-
mates the total farm value OF rs crops
in 1880 at s6,275. 900 900, as against
$S,675, 900, 900 in 1929, indicating a de-
crease Of PIT per cent In the farmers
income
This sharp decline was due partly TO
the drought It is said. but mainly TO
a collapse in the prices Of agricultural
products.
The total harvest was S per cent
smaller than in 1929, with an average
price decline amounting to "a per cent
the curtailed yields of the last calendar
year and the increased consumption
brought about by low prices will tend
20 reduce the carryover and promise
better prices for the next harvest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
MARYLAND ELECTRIC
RATE CUT APPROVED
Reduction by Potomac Company Is
0. KID by Public Service
Commission.
Special Dispatch to The star.

OprSiaA blSphtCn 10 Inc 6JaT.
BALTIMORE, January "a reduce
ton in electric rates TO consumers on
practically all classes by the Potomac
Electric Power Co., which effects West
ern Maryland users, has been approved
by the Maryland Public Service Com
mission, effective as Of January l.
The Potomac Electric Power Co.
forwarded a schedule of the proposed
change in rates, stating the rates as
set forth in that schedule would be
the same rates presented to the con-
simers in Maryland.
The changes affect practically all
classes, residential and commercial.
and the general reduction made by the
cut In rates will average fve-tenths of
l per cent.
The Potomac company in sending the
schedule to the Maryland Public Serv-
ice Commission stated that the SEIZED.
ule had been approved by the District
OF Columbia Public Utilities Service
Commission and that it was decided to
make the rates effective and all bills
based on meter reading, on and after
January /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03

systems If permitted. Others have de-
MED any such intention Bankers point
out that the Minneapolis groups have
expended even beyond the trade area
as sponsored by Mr.. Pole, and that
such q group as the Marine Midland
could not convert to q branch system
without making New York City its head
ONCE.
There is considerable speculation con-
corning the chances of congressional
action on any proposal for branches
which override State lines. 1t Is re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
BOND PRICES RISE
+. TO NEW HIGH MARK
Junior Rails Take Leader.
ship as Strength Spreads
Through List.
BY F. H. RICHARDSON.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, January Bed BY
the junior obligations of the railroads
bonds advanced today to new high
levels on the recovery. The former
oversold condition of second grade
railroad issues, in some of which there
were sizeable short interests, speedeo
the improvement.
st. Paul SIS, Erie General lien As
Erie SIS, Missouri-Pacifc As, Frisco
4l2s and Western Maryland As added
2 points to their prices today and stand
generally now from 5 to is points
above their recent lows. In the still
lower rated rail bonds, like st. Paul
adjustments. International Great
Northern adjustments and Seaboard
Airline IS, there was some speculative
buying which also caused wide gains
Volume was heavy for a Saturday
Money rates were unchanged.
Domestic Group.
The strength was evident at the
opening and while at first it was con-
fined to railroad issues, it soon spread
throughout the list. A few of the
second grade foreign dollar bonds were
carried along by the uptrend
In the high-grade domestic section
gains were made by Canadian Ma
tional SIS, Canadian Pacific As, Chesa-
peake Corporation SIS, Great Northern
rs, Nickel Plate AIS, Pennsylvania
AIS, Southern Pacific 412s, Philadel.
phia Co. SIS. National Dairy Product:
4Hs and Youngstown Sheet e. Tube
IS. United States Government issue;
improved 1882 to 6-32.
The feature of the semi-speculativC
public utility group was a 3-polnt gair
in Postal Telegraph S. Industrials, like
Dodge Brothers 6s, International Mater
SIS, International Paper IS, Richfleld OF
IS and Shell Union Oil SIS moved up g
point or more Convertibles had much
the same trend. On the Curb Exchange
such volatile favorites as Associated
Gas g. electric SIS of 1868, Cities Service
SIS of 1856, Gillette Razor SIS and Var
aweringen IS were supported, the last
named gaining 21a points.
Foreign List.
The foreign list was slower to re-
spond but 1t firmed up with the ex-
ception, of course, of Bolivian issues
one of which is in default of interest
German Government 5 rs we're nearly
point better and points above their
low. German Preparations rs gained
fractionally. Italian issues were higher
all around. especially Rome 61ks and
Italy rs. Kreuger 81 Toll SIS gained a
point. Australia SIS and New South
Wales 5s reflected returning confidence
in Australia. French issues were steady
Japanese descriptions followed the rest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
Steel Consumption.

IT look for a normal consumption Of
steel this year." says Ernest T. Weir,
chairman of the board of National
Steel Corporation, which means a tom
mage considerably above that produce
last year. If the steel industry can
still be considered barometer of trade.
as it has in the past, I think there is
assurance that we are close to the
turning point and can confidently ex-
pect 1881 to be year Of more normal
general business"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
RIGHTS EXPIRE

10h ga Poop Gas Chi. Jan Is 81 1OM 10 lON 1Oss
Dyidspa rates Eysn the annual cash
a. h atoe uSi2s ssi than 100 shsrss
ye6 ch Payanls II stock PAYABLE
Plus ~ IN stock Plus ss s. stock m Plus
Plus stock 49, - "'''0'''S S'NS~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-03
Depression Seen at Bottom.

"That this business depression Il
scraping bottom is indicated by such
numerous and reliable evidences as q
remove nearly all reasonable doubt.
says Paul Clay. economist Of the United
states Shares Corporation. Among the
reasons he cites for his belief Is the
dedation of credits, of stock prices, OF
inventories and commercial loans. and
Of overconhdence or unreasonable ex.
pectation of easy wealth.