davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
SETTLING OF EARTH
BLAMED FOR BLAST
Spark That Set Off Explosion
in Garage, However, Not
Determined.

Settling Of earth around an $50 gal
lon gasoline tank was blamed by Fire
Marshal Calvin G. LAUDER for the gas
explosion which wrecked the basement
floor of the Mailman Auto Supply Co.,
300 Fourth street, yesterday.
LAUDER today ordered the concrete
slab over the tank ripped up, and when
this was done it was found that the
settling Of the earth around the tank
had left large spa,c between the tank
and the concrete floor, In which highly
explosive gasoline vapor had collected
The tank was buried in artificially filled
in earth, Mr.. LAUDER said, which ac-
counted for the settling.
Start Is Mystery.
Just what set off the explosion was
not clear. There is an electrical air
compressor in the basement. and q
spark from the motor might have done
the work. A lighted match or cigarette
butt might have started it, but there
is no evidence that any one was smok-
ing at the time of the explosion.
Mr.. LAUDER said that there have been
three gasoline explosions this year, all
from different causes There are $40
places in the District where gasoline Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29

but his wages will not purchase any
thing like twice as much of other serv-
ices and products. The fact is that
the cost of labor to the railroads Is less
for service rendered than ever before
in history.
Between 1928 and 1929 the revenues
of the railways per employe increased
over $500, ~and the compensation palo
increased less than 500, leaving net
gain to the owners Of $500 per en-
ploye This gave the owners approx,
mately $400,000,0 900 a year additional
profit made out Of the employees, or
enough to pay per cent interest on
So, 1888 900 900 of additional investment.
THE railroads reported an increased
investment in this same period OF only
S4.O93, 900 900. Thus it is proved that
the roads were getting out of increased
labor efficiency in 1929 an increased
annual profit of over $250,000, 900 In ex-
cess of a fair return on their additional
investment. Wages could have been
increased but there Is no justification
Is producing larger profit Tor the
employer than ever before.
I'VE have no desire to PREJUDICE the
issues of the pending rate case.
Every one must recognize that rail-
way labor has direct interest in
increasing the traffic and the revenues
of the railways, but We deny that there
is any justification for seeking to in
crease Che net revenues through the
process of reducing the wages of en-
ployes. Railway labor has an interest
in Just and fair regulation. But We
would warn those who would evade the
issue OF reasonable rates and, with
appeals to prejudice and misinforma-
ton, would seek to substitute a wage
issue that no impartial review OF the
facts will support their contentious.
The railway labor organizations not only
are united and prepared to resist any
such move with all the powers of their
command; they are a,So fortified with
the solemn agreement between repre-
sentatives of employers and employees
and the Government of the United
States not to permit the pressure of a
business depression to be used as the
excuse for breaking down the American
standard of living and compelling men
to labor for less than just compensation
for their services"
It has been pointed out in railroad
labor circles that a freight rate in
crease might have the result of driving
additional traffic away from the roads
and into the trucks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
FLETCHER TO KEEP
POSITION TO NOV. IS
Chairman of Tariff Body Per-
suaded to Retain Post
Two Months More.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
Chairman Fletcher of the Tariff Com
mission has been persuaded by Presi-
dent Hoover to remain two additional
months at his post to complete i'm
portant tariff adjustments.
The former American Ambassador to
Rome previously had announced that he
had planned to terminate his services
with the commission September Is. AT
that time, he said, he had nothing In
view.
Glad He Will Stay.
A White House statement said yes
terday President Hoover believes that
the commission, under the chairman
ship of Fletcher, had proved lit
can and will make all proper and nee
essary adjustments" in tariff rates.
1.-The President appreciates the will
ingness of Mr.. Fletcher to remain an
other two months" the statement said,
thus giving the commission the>benef1t
of his fine abilities"
Praises Commission.
Mr.. Hoover believes. it said, that the
entrance of Mr.. Fletcher and the other
members have placed the commission
where it commands the confidence OF
the public "in the absolutely fair and
impartial administration Of its i'm
portant duties"
It added the commission expects prac-
tically all pending investigations and
surveys will have been completed by
November Is. when Chairman Fletcher
plans to retire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
Police Dismissal Upheld.

The Commissioners today upheld the
sentence Of the Police Trial Board dis
missing Pvt. w. H. Banning. third pre-
cinct, from the force for intoxication.
Government bus lines have been in
augurated in Chekian Province. China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
RAILWAY OFFICIALS
CUT OWN SALARIES;
WAGES MAINTAINED
CONTINUED From First Page.)

= AOAAA 4AAON oOS.I
any optimism in connection with the
immediate future of the unemployment
SITUATION. Mr.. Payne stated that the
situation exists and that 1t must be
met, and 1t was for the purpose Of dis
cussing the subject in Its broader
aspects that the President sent for him.
He emphasized the importance Of
mpressing upon the. States, munich
palities and counties the need for CO.
operation in meeting the situation.
Primarily the problem is one for the
states, counties and municipalities to
handle" Mr.. Payne said. 1.-The re-
sponsibility is theirs and not the Fed
erai Governments. and they should not
1an to meet their responsibility. OF
course, the Federal Government should
extend assistance"
In this connection and in answer to
inquiries as to what the Federal Gov
eminent should do, Mr.. Payne, ex-
pressed himself bitterly in opposition to
anything bordering on q dole. He said
Q dole would do more harm than good.
Every One Responsible.
Mr.. Payne said that secondarily the
sponsibility to every person in the
country. He stated that every one
should be responsible to contribute his
share in aiding those who are in want.
Mr.. Payne declined comment upon the
Presidents viewpoint or 10 make any
speculation as to what the President has
In mind to meet the situation.
Mr.. Payne said that the American
Red Cross has not received any reports
from its field representatives which could
be considered of very alarming ma
ture concerning the Unemployment
situation
Payne said the Red Cross did not deal
with unemployment under its charter
but that he had been summoned for a
general discussion of the situation with
out reference to any part the Red Gross
could play.
Outlined Mobilization Plan.
Croxton, whose committee was Gre
ated to keep in close touch with unem-
ployment and to coordinate relief &C.
tivities, outlined to the Association OF
Community Chests and Councils in
Minneapolis in June plans for mobiliz-
ing welfare funds for aid during the
Fall and Winter.
At that time. he proposed as first
step that a national survey be made OF
towns and cities of $4,000 or over tc
meeting them. He said that whatever
the business trend might be during the
remainder Of the year the demands foi
relief would be unusually heavy this
Fall and Winter.
Since then Croxton has announced
that the Association of Community
Chests and Councils, the American AS
ISOLATION of Public Welfare officials and
the Family Welfare Association OF
America had agreed to cooperate In
preparations for expected relief calls.
A preliminary repc.t to Croxton's
Committee from one of the surveys con-
Quoted since then has indicated that
the relief burden during the coming
Winter might be double that Of last
year.
Recent appeals have been made tc
the Red Cross for help for unemployed
miners in West Virginia and other Goa
regions. The Red Cross has refused tc
extend aid, however. on the ground that
unemployment relief was purely loca
problem and should be extended by the
agencies on the ground.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
WRECK INJURIES
FATAL TO MAN, 80
George Sturmer, B. & o. Veterans
Head, in Auto Crash at
Edenburg.

WINCHESTER, Va, July 29.-George
Sturmer, 80, of Baltimore. grand presi-
dent of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Veteran Employees Association, died at
$50 o'clock this morning in Winches-
ter Memorial Hospital from frac-
tured skull, sustained late Saturday
afternoon, when the auto in which he
was riding was struck by another at
Edenburg, Shenandoah County.
Mr.. Sturmer was picked up from the
sidewalk in an unconscious condition
and remained in that state until the
end this morning
Shenandoah County authorities are
conducting an investigation.
Mr.. Sturmcr was riding in an auto
mobile, said to have been driven by
c. H. Ranck, when they were struck by
a machine. allegedly driven by youth,
Thomas Miller, from Woodstock.
Sturmer, according to local B. q o.
officials, was close friend of President
Daniel Willard. Vice President c. W.
Galloway and General Manager E. W.
Shearer, all of the Baltimore & Ohio
The remains, it was said today, would
be taken to Baltimore for burial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
Science
Marriage Age of Brides
Rises With Social Rank.

The better Of she is, the later a girl
marries.
That the age of brides increases with
social and economic status of their FAM
lilies is found by Frank w. Notestein of
the research division of the .Millbank
memorial fund, from statistical analysis
Of the marriage eyes Of 1876 native
white women.
Among city girls, he found the daugh-
ter from the professional family mar
ries, on the average, at "a. The daugh-
tiers Of business men tend to go to the
altar a year younger, while the clerks
daughter starts home of her own in
about her twenty-second year. Girls
from the families of skilled, semi
skilled and unskilled workers marry, on
the average. during the twenty-first
year. but the girl Of the first-named
class tends to put of the ceremony until
she is almost 20.
Country girls marry younger than
city girls, but the same. curious rela-
tionship is found of marriage age with
social status. Thus, the daughters of
farm owners marry at an average age of
1913, Of farm renters at 20.9, and of
farm laborers at 20.l.
American brides, on the average. are
trifie younger than English brides.
IT. r. H.
copyright. 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
GARMENT WORKERS
OF GOTHAM STRIKE
Police on Hand as 10000 Walk Out
of 800 Shops in Protest
Against "Sweatshop."

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. July 29.-Between 30
COO and $4,000 workers belonging to
the Amalgamated Clothes Workers OF
America walked out of 800 shops today
on strike against sweatshop conditions
Police details were sent into the
clothing district near the Pennsylvania
terminal, but little trouble was ex-
pected. A..
Sidney Hillman. president CT the
union, said the strike had been called
to end "once and for all sweatshop
conditions in the garment factories. and
to end the terrorizing Of union workers
by RangsterS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
FIVE DELEGATES CHOSEN
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
RIVEROALE, Md, July 29.-Dele-
gates from the Riverdale Heights Vol
unteer Fire Department to the Annual
County Firemen's Convention, to be
held August 8, have been chosen as
follows: H. E. Stansfield, E. M. Greer
F.. Stewart. w. H. McGinty and c.
Lamot. Alternatives are c. Scott, S
Herman. c. Sherbey. C. w. Scott and
r. Thompson.
In addition to officers recently elected
to serve one year, the following are also
named: E. M. Greer, captain; F. Stew
art. lieutenant; H. E. Stansfleld, fire
marshal; C. Lamot, forest warden: Mr.
Colmer, chaplain, and w. H. McGinty
Executive Committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29
REDUCTION
STRIKES REPORTED
1891 Labor Disputes In
crease Over 1930-86 Con-
troversies Involve 67,387.

The Labor Departments Division Of
Cancellation now is seeking to adjust
sc labor disputes in Is States, involving
67,387 workers, of whom 56,245 are
affected directly, according to figures
made public today.
The report also showed more than
4eO strikes and controversies have been
reported within O few months and
practically all Of them have been against
wage reductions.
Increase Is Shown.
AS against q total in 1880 OF 653
disputes, involving 1871 workers, 447,
affected 1929 workers. were listed by
the department in the six months
ended June 80 last.
Last Saturday, the report showed,
there were 81 strikes before the depart
ment and 20 controversies which mad
not reached the strike stage. The most
serious problems now pending ale Pre-
scented by the coal strikes in western
Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio and North
ern West Virginia and the silk WORKERS
strike in Pennsylvania.
Some adjustments have been made
in Pennsylvania, including the case OF
the Pittsburgh terminal in which an
agreement was signed last week, apple
able to 2,400 miners, providing for an
eight hour day and wage increases.
First Coal Settlement.
The department said this agreement
was the first reported settlement
reached In the coal industry since 1927.
More than $4,000 miners are af1ected
bv bending disputes in Pennsylvania
about 1000 in West Virginia, as many
more in Kentucky and 5000 in Ohio.
Strike activity is greatest in the coal
mining, clothing, building and textile
industries. The questions in dispute
involve chiefly wages, conditions OF en-
plovment and recognition of unions.
The department record shows that
last year A per cent of strikes was
settled in favor of the employees, as
against 40 per cent in 1929.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-29

During the five years OF government
aid in Chile 3,455 houses have been
built. 2.907 are now under construction
and loans have been requested for 1877
more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26
Pursuit Of Alimony.

While a wife can get o divorce from
her husband who has left the State,
she cannot get alimony unless she can
serve him personally. According to
law, alimony Is a personal obligation,
a personal obligation on husband who
has not been summoned to appear in
defense of a wifes suit.
That clause in the law Is a significant
one for many women. II woman gets
divorce from her husband without
specifying aiimony she will have diff
Guilty obtaining any later. A divorce is
a final separation between q husband
and wife. and it unties all Of their
bonds. Therefore the divorced husband
is not obliged to support his wife any
longer, unless ordered to by court.
Some women think that alimony ac-
companies all divorces. but nothing of
the sort is true. Alimony is granted
separately. and it is usually based on
husbands capacity to support his
former wife. Ordinarily court con-
siders the capacity OF the husband be-
fore issuing an order for alimony TO
be paid.
When husband can be served per-
sonally he Is liable for the alimopy
ordered paid whether he moves from
the State or remains there When all
mony falls due, the husband may be
served wherever he is residing. The
liability for alimony follows the hus-
band wherever he may roam.
Alimony Is not granted with divorce
regardless of the circumstances in. a
suit. Where the grounds for divorce
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26
I'LL A4'AA1 - = ". Burgess

wings If only we can keep him safe
This man-bird may mean no harm, but
I'll take no chances"
So it was that by the time Farmer
Browns Boy and Cousin Tom discov-
cred Cloud King he was far from the
place where he had been taking his
sun-bath and near which Mother Con-
dor was resting and fondly watching
over young Condor, already almost as
big as herself. Cloud King allowed the
airplane to get quite near before the
noise proved too much for his nerves
and he began to soar above 1t. Just for
fun Cousin Tom began TO climb, cir
cling as he did so, and Cloud King dis
covered to his dismay that the man.
bird could fly higher than he could. He
swerved off and headed for distant
mountain-peak far from where his
home was and sighed thankfully when
the great man-bird went on its way.
Later when they had made q landing
at their destination Cousin Tom told
Farmer Browns. Boy something about
Cloud King There never have been
many of these birds" said he, but now
they are becoming SO rare that to see
one is an event. We were lucky today
and / am glad you had the chance to
see old Cloud King at close range.
These birds have but two eggs at most
and often only one, and the eggs are so
rare that collectors make q business of
searching for them to sell That means
that each year there are fewer birds Of
this species. and 1t is only q matter Of
time when the species viii become ex-
tinct.''
1T is shame" cried Farmer Browns
Boy. 1T seems as II the more rare a
thing is the more people try to put an
end to it altogether, instead of trying
on such dead matter as he can find"
Just like or MiStah Buzzard," said
he He Is what is called a scavenger. I"
Copyright, 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26

no feathers, for he is bald-headed like
his cousin, or MiStah Buzzard. Both
are vultures. But whereas Oh Mistah
Buzzard has red head and is called
the Turkey Vulture and there is an
other with black head, Cloud Kings
head was neither red nor black. but
yellow. He was awkward and clumsy
looking as he sat there. But when at
length he spread his great wings and
sailed oft over the canyons and valleys
he became magnificent, for his wings
stretched more than ten feet from tip
TO tip. While he Is called the Califor-
mia Condor his proper name Is Cali
fornta Vulture. However. Condor he
has long been called and Condor he
probably always viii be called
He grumbled to himself as ne few to
meet the Airplane These fnan-birds
are getting to be a dreadful nuisance.
There isn't any place left where one
can get wholly away from them, seems
like. Those two-legged creatures never
would leave me and my family alone
although we never have bothered them.
IT was bad enough before they learned
70 fly. They were always hunting for
my home and taking the eggs. but
sometimes We could fool them. Now
that they can nv they follow us and
can look down and see all below lust as
We can, so that we can no longer keep
our secrets as We once could I'll lead
this one away from here II is tast as
well that It shouldn't discover Mrs.
Condor and our only youngster. It IS
too bad that second egg did not hatch,
but IT, didn't. The Nttle fellow isn't 40
little now and he'll soon be trying hi,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26
LITTLE BENNY
BIZ LEE PAPE.

We was eating supper and pop sed
Well, time keeps flying according to
Its immemOrial custom, and ! have a
vacation coming TO me in very few
days.
Yes, and If you're going on that fish,
ing trip you'd better begin to start to
make preparations, ma sed.
I'm not going on that fishing trip.
pop Sed. I've thawt 1t over and I've
decided its cruel to take the water
away from poor little fish unless you
axually need its fur or something Of
that sort, he Sed.
Then where are you going? ma sed,
and pop sed. Nowhere. I'm going to
stay home, he sed.
o my goodness, ma sed
knew you'd be plezzantly serprised,
pop sed, and ma sed. Yes of corse. but
meen, Of all the places TO go, that
seems a peculiar place to stay. / meen,
it won't be much of a change, will it?
she sed.
That's just what it will be, paradox
cally enough, pop sed. just think Of IL,
2 bewtiful long weeks OF not getting up
In the morning till I feel good and
reddy and then just puttering about
Like q retired millionair with not a care
IN life and all the time in the werld.
he said
But how about getting the beds
made? ma sed, and pop sed, Do you
meen you think I awt to make the
beds? and ma sed, Certeny not, my
goodness what would they look like.
but I meen Nora wont be able to get
her work done If you stay in bed
asleep and awake the way you mention,
and she'll get on the war path again,
and do you neen you intend 10 prac-
tically be around the house practically
the whole timer
Yes, 1 knew 1t would be thrill for
you. pop Sed, and ma sed, o my good
ness.
Proberly meening it was more like a
shock than a thrill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26
ChiId's Dress. for Late Summer
By MARY MARSHALL.

Of material and yoke. fastened to-
gether. The yoke is simply strip oil
material with an opening for the head
in the center-large enough to slip on
easily. Gather the skirt section along
the top, bind with strip of material
and mount the front and back portions
Of the yoke to 1t.
This same simple idea may be made
use of in making slips or petticoats
SO that there will be no bunchiness
under the arms, the material for the
slip should be soft and not too heavy
and 1t should be made with little full
ness under the arms.
A dress OF the sort described is lovely
made OF wolfe, printed or plain. The
binding of the gathered skirt may be
of one of the colors of the print. The
yoke may also be bound. The yoke pat
tern may easily be cut from any dress
with a round neck. The neckline Is
cut and the sides of the yoke are
straight.
(Copyrieht, 1n3d1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26

NV Neighbor Says:

Always grease new pie plates,
pot covers, sleeves, tin cups and
bread pans with lard before us
ing them and put them in a
warm oven. They will never
rust II treated in this way.
Ready cooked cereal frequently
needs freshening by heating for
a few minutes in moderate
oven. If the children seem to tire
of their cereal, try and improve
the flavor by heating.
If you have difIicu1ty in burn
ing green logs, sprinkle a little
kerosene over them before light
ing and they will burn well.
Never sprinkle kerosene on
lighted log.
Use fork to soften cheese
when mixing 1t with other in
gradients for sandwich filings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26

phen Dyer, his colleague from the
neighboring State of Missouri, is an
other
Last January Hull made a speech on
the floor of the House in which he
advocated the manufacture of beer not
to exceed per cent as a feasible plan
for solution Of the prohibition question.
He said at the time he didn't believe
it intoxicating.
His visit to the Stockholm brewery
was to prove It,
This is not the first time that a
member of Congress has used himself
as a personal agent to further his stand
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-26
Cloud King the Condor.
Deserves their friendship and good will.
Who to his neighbors does no III
Old Mother Mature.

Long before Farmer Browns Boy and
Cousin Tom had seen him Cloud King
the Condor had seen the approaching
airplane. He had been taking a sum
bath high up on a cliff from which he
could at the same time look of over
what seemed like large part OF the
Great World. At first. miles away, the
Of his own kind, but soon he knew it
for what it was, one Of those strange
man-birds, those terribly noisy man
birds that more and more frequently
shattered the peace of the solitude
which Cloud King loved
For q few minutes he sat watching.
His head and neck were bare. They had