davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Three Southern Republics Swept
By Conservatives for President

sea, while everywhere men and women
are hungry and In distress"
In spite of which, the Chilean cleo
torate went in mass to the support of
the capitalist candidate, and Senior Juan
Esteban Montero became the elected
Chief Executive of the southernmost
American republic.
In Peru, where presidential elections
were next held, a similar case was
staged. Here, however, the division of
opinion between Right and Left, and the
p I,'ra aaa character of the contest
were even more pronounced. Regular
political organizations had been almost
anolshed during the 11-year rule of
Dictator President Leguia. who was
oVerthroWn last year. Instead of marty
antagonlsm, there was, in the Peru
Wan elections, the struggle between
those who favored radical changes and
socia1stlc principles and those who
stood for an orderly and conservative
system.
The former found their most out
standing representative in Haya de la
Tore, leader of the Apra organization.
who advocated united front of work
ing people al. intellectuals for more
equitable distribution of privileges
among classes, and the exploitation of
natural resources Of the country bv ma
tional elements. -
For a number Of years the Apristas
followers OF Haya de Ia Tore who was
In exile, had been known for their anti
capitalist, anti-church and anti-irn-
pertalist Opposition to U. S. financial
infiuence) principles. Thus. when the
founder of Aprism himself returned to
Peru as presidential candidate. all the
Left-Wing elements hailed him as their
leader.
Haya de la Tore, who became en-
barrassed by the accusations of com
inuniSm cast upon his party, tried to
Apra popular revolutionary alH-
| ance) was sort of q British Labor
party, with. moderate saeialistic aims.
but Aprism had already suffered from
the enthusiasm Of It's Interpreters. Eo1
| the bulk Of the poulIiace ana for 4l1e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Coal Outlook Brighter

No doubt we are all tired Of hearing
the war blamed for all our economic
ilLs-yet the fact is that under the
stimulus Of wartime demands of in
oustry. our coal production shot I'D
more than l50.000,000 tons within a
few years. Thousands of new mines
were opened, scores of thousands of
new miners were enrolled by the in
dustry. new coal fields we're opened IN
number Of States-and new ways were
found by industry and railroads to
make less coal do more work. because
OF higher prices during the war period.
Then, after the war came the in
creasing use of natural gas, fuel oil and
electricity generated by water power.
We had more coal producing capacity
and less coal consuming need. We had
more coal miners and less work for
them. There were mines in operation
that could not continue to meet the
competition Of those with better seams
Of coal or that were nearer the mar
kets for fuel, unless wages were reduced
so that prices could be cut. We have
the capacity to produce 730 million tons
OF coal a year, but the average annual
demand during a flve-year period has
been only 525 million tons. So there
is a surplus capacity of 200 million
tons. The result is ruinous competition,
and misery for millions of miners and
their families.
The thing that needs to be done in
the coal mining industry Is to put an
end to the kind of wild competition
that benefits no one and Injuries every
one. If new laws, State or Federal,
are needed to give effect or sanction to
constructive program of betterment
worked out by the industry and those
who dig the coal of the Nation. then
those laws should be and will be en-
acted.
In the public interest, coal produc-
ton can and should be limited In the
public interest and in the interests of
humanity. miners wages can and should
be increased. Other industries can well
afford to pay a fair price for coal-a
price that will justify decent wages and
increase the purchasing power of the
people who work in the mines. If
public regulation of prices becomes
necessary to insure stability and pre-
vent imposition, it can be imposed. No
one would advocate public control Of
coal production and distribution while
there is still chance for the industry
to work out its own salvation. But the
time has come for practical, effective
action, that men may labor at fair
tanned in accordance with American
vested may be made to pay fair re-
turn to the owners.
This is not an insoluble problem It
is difficult problem, but 1t is one
which common sense, fairness and
decent regard for the rights of other
men will solve for the bene.. of ths
Nation as q whole
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Continued From Third Page.)

Continued From Third Page.)
friends, while the minority leadership
may present some difficulties to the Re-
publicans if they are TO be in the
minority. The contest over the Speak
ership while the Republicans held the
temporary advantage was very spirited
and will be more or less prominent until
party control Is decided definitely. Nc
such contest within the Democratic
ranks will occur, there being but one
candidate, Honorable John Garner OF
Texas. His nomination by the Demo
cratic caucus seems assured. But in
the event of Democratic vacancies &C.
curing between now and the meeting
of Congress. and Democratic absentee
ism, which is in the realm of possibility
the vote in the House on the Speaker
ship may not be decisive on the open
ing day.
SpeakerShip DeadIocks Cited.
A majority is required to elect q
Speaker, not of the whole membership
of ABS, but majority of those present
This principle was established in 1909
but there have been two instances
when after prolonged deadlocks Speak
ers were elected by plurality vote; but
in each of these cases the House after
jority vote. In 1889 the Democrats
had a majority in the House of two
over the Wings with two contesting
delegations from New Jersey, who were
excluded from the voting. On the
eleventh ballot small group of Demo-
Gratis became allied with the Wings and
elected Robert M. T. Hunter of Vir-
GINA.
In 1s49 the fight for Speakership
took place between the Free Soil Wings
and Democrats, and after three weeks
elected on the sixty-third vote. But
the most violent and protracted Speak
ership fight occurred in 1855 and 1856.
This fight grew out Of the slavery
question. The struggle lasted two
months, from December 3, 1855, until
February 2, 1885, On the 1880 vote
Nathaniel P. Banks was elected as
Speaker by plurality. One hundred
votes were scattered.
On the eve of the Civil War the last
serious fight over the Speakership took
place-partisan and sectional feeling
ran high. On February l, 1860, nearly
nington of New Jersey, new member
with no political background, was elect
ed on the forty-fourth vote, receiving
exactly the number of votes necessary
to elect him.
In the Sixty Eighth Congress, of re-
cent history. Frederick H. Gillett of
Massachusetts, was elected Speaker
after three days voting. This brief
deadlock was caused by Progressive
Republicans voting for the late Henry
Allen Cooper until some Of their de-
mands were satisfied.
Proposes Temporary Chairman.
A speakership deadlock results from
the lack of a ma ority vote and because
the election Of a Speaker is the first
business in order. Until Speaker shall
have been elected no other business can
be transacted. The voting for Speaker
takes place even before the members
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
CONTINUED FROM Third Pagel

which paid 81. So q ton for coal for their
locomotives have been able 70 buy II
from $l60 10 ATS. Have the rail-
roads benefited by these seeming econo-
mics? The people Of the towns which
they serve have been Impoverished, pur-
chasing power has been reduced, gen.
eral business has been stifieo. trafic cut
down. transportation service shifted 20
cheaper truck deliveries.
Industries Of all kinds have been buy
ing coal cheap. too cheap--below the
cost OF production But as their own pro-
duction cost was thus decreased so was
their competitors and the savings eyap-
GRATED in price reductions The miners
whose average earnings were 81 cents
an hour in 1922 were receiving only SO
cents in 1929. The miner at the end Of
an eight-hour day in 1929 had about
two dollars less to spend than at the
end OF work day seven years before.
His average earnings for a half month
In 1923 were cut down 10 $50; but many
months there was no work
The average production per man, the
country over, in 1929 was 1864 tons.
The output per man forty years before
that was only 579 tons. New mining
machinery had been invented and in
PRODUCED in the underground workings.
A miner now may produce six and
one-half tons of coal a day-when
there Is work-and earn $422 at SIS
cents q ton. But he must pay for some
OF his tools, for powder and the caps
to explode 1t. In Ohio only a COM
paratively few years ago an investiga-
ton showed annual average earnings
of less than $375l Yet the American
miner. using modern methods and ma
chinery, electric leaders, etc, Is one
CT the most efficient underground work.
ers in the world. Our output per work
er In 1926 was 966 tors OF coal a year,
compared with the British miners
average output of 281 tons. A survey
the next year showed that 10 per cent
Of our coal was being produced by use
Of machines against Only % per cent
in Great Britain.
Yet all this efficiency, all this fine
productiveness of the American miner
did him no good, and certainly I'D the
industry but little good, for bankruptcy
and receiverships have been plentiful.
Consider another significant fact. II
figures are not too painful. In 1920,
our miners produced $50 million tons
of coal, which had a market value of
81, 100, 100000. Nine years later they
produced nearly as much coal, 532 mil
lion tons, but 1t was worth 81 lac, O0O, 900
less. That difference of more than a
billion dollars had to come out of the
pockets OF miners and mine owners: :
it had to come out of the food for wom-
en- and children; it had to come cut of
the amount available for clothes and
medical and dental care and furniture
and all the things that half million
families needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Spanish Feminists
Debate Rights Issue

MADRID. Spain.-During the debate
on the subject of nationality in the
Spanish Cortes recently Deputy Barrio-
bero, a pale-faced Federalist, intro
duced an amendment to the effect that
all Spaniards who took religious oaths
or became priests would automatically
lose all rights of citizenship. Despite
the support of the Socialists and Rad
ical Socialists, the drastic amendment
met with defeat, 113 votes to 80.
For the first time since the Cortes
assembled the only two woman Depu-
ties in the House-Senorita Clara Cam
poamor and Senorita Victoria Kent
exchanged a round of sharp phrases
which brought laughter among their
male colleagues. Senorita Campoamor
who is a member Of the Parliamentary
Committee which drafted the constitu-
tional project, successfully stood off the
attack Of her sister Deputy that the
article defining equal rights for all
Spaniards should be Invested of the
words Gin principle" where the status
of women is explained. President Niceto
Alcala Zamora, who is a sincere pro-
feminist, defended Senorita Kent's OBJ
jections.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08

to show myself. Yet was answerable
to headquarters for his safety.
Soon we were well within the shell
area. Shells were falling regularly a
mile to the right, and little to the
left could be heard the constant rum
BILE of artillery.
A mile farther along the road and we
were in the danger zone. Transport
ended in a huge depot, and only horse
and foot traffic was possible from that
point by three different routes to the
support trenches. A transport officer
saluted, and two battalions, fallen out
to rest by the roadside, got I'D and
cheered the Prince for ali they were
worth.
Your highness," said the officer, 81
have a message from the army COM
mander for you" He handed the
Prince a message.
I do not know what it was, but the
Prince smiled, nodded to the officer,
who seemed on the point of saying
something more, and climbed on a
horse that had been provided for him
l obtained horse also and followed
after him. Soon we had passed our
own artillery. Guns were Numbering
behind us, shells we're bursting only a
short distance before us, while not far
ahead a black line of smoke and re-
curing puffs denoted the hell which
is called the line"
Dropping Of Shells.
A little farther and two shells
dropped in a field by the roadside
field that looked like an enormous nut
meg graterl
We had caught up with a regiment
of "Aussies" waiting to go up TO the
line: they recognized the Prince and
a mighty shout went up. Jumping tc
their feet. they sent up roar OF cheer
ing which well nigh drowned the
thunder Of the guns.
The Prince turned to acknowledge
their cheers and his horse, increasing
~ frightened at the din and cheering
got out of control and bolted away.
My heart went into my mouth!
galloped after the Prince. His horse
ran over shell holes, across wide gaps
over a broken fence My animal wa.
well trained but 1t jibbed three time.
caught hoof in the wire. I was shot
OF 10 feet clear.
picked myself up, remounted anC
again took up the pursuit. Many o.
the Australians were now In full CRY
after the Prince, and they had thu
thrill Of watching his royal highnes.
6ubdue and control that fear-maddenet
animal
Those who have criticized tn,
Princes Workmanship would hav,
changed their opinion could they hav,
seen that piece of superb riding withir
sound Of the Ypres guns. When h,
rode back past the Australians they
broke into tumultous cheering anC
shouts of approval
Hes a diggeri" they shouted
Good fo- ye." MY hats on, Prince
quick wit and love Of q Joke, ever
under the greatest hardships. A
Gommecourt. Sonrne, on July i6, 1915
two cockney soldiers from the S0tl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Continued From Third Page.)

alistic sectors of opinion. A non-politi-
cal parsonage himself, Senior Montero
had the support of all the moderate
elements in the country, professional
classes and the students, who in South
America, as is well known, have a
voice-and quite noisy voice-tn poll
tics.
All the Right Wing parties had formed
a coalition to support the Montero can
didacy, expressing their desire to see a
nationaliStic government, above party
differences, in power, presided over by
an impartial and honest citizen without
political past"
The other two candidates were Ar
turo AleSsandri, former President OF
Chile, and Manuel Hidalgo, the Com
munistic choice. Alessandri q man with
long political past" as the phrase Is
understood in South America, was
backed by a large portion Of the work
ing classes and Left Wing elements, be-
sides the professional politicians who
had proflted under his previous admin
istration.
Although not an avowed Communist
himself, Senior Alessandri had inserted
forms, and promised the labor and lower
classes Of the population q greater in
fiuence in the government.
/ The alarm caused by his candidacy
was only surpassed by that Of Senior
Hidalgo's, the official Communist candi-
Gate, who advocated extreme changes
and the adoption of many principles
strikingly similar to the lines on which
Soviet Russia is now governed. In
cluded in Hidalgo's platform were pro-
posals for government control of in
dt1Ctrinc ~ I0nd0
forming by laborers on partnership
basis with the government, higher In
come taxes, ETC.
Senior Hidalgo had stated publicly:
Il believe that the capitalist system is
total failure. Look at the United
States burning grain and Brazil throw
ing thousands Of tons Of coffee into the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Temporary Chairman Is Proposed
For House by William Tyler Page

elect themselves take the oath of Office.
On December Z, being the day fixed by
the Constitution for the meeting of Con-
greSS, the clerk of the preceding House,
which happens to be myself, will call
the House to order and preside until
a Speaker shall be elected. The clerk
will call the roll of Representatlves-ele
which is made up from the certificates
of election filed with him, in accordance
with law. These certificates give the
person therein named prima facie title
to seats in the House, Notwithstanding
their ultimate right may be contested.
The House regards certificates of cleo
ton very highly and has seldom kept
out OF his seat the person certified.
After the roll call and a quorum is
ascertained to be present, nominations
for Speaker are made of those mem
berS who have been selected by their
respective party associates in confer
ence or caucus, and the voting begins
viva voce. Each member indicates his
choice by name and the voting con-
tinues uninterruptedly, except for adj
journment, until one of the nominees
is elected. In my judgment there seems
TO be no good reason why speakership
fight which produces a deadlock should
be permitted to delay the enactment Of
important legislation, such, for instance,
as the German moratorium bill, to
which majority in Congress seems
committed.
If the members-elect who answer
upon the roll call were sworn in in1me-
dlately thereafter they would then be
qualified to vote upon legislative meas
ures. Temporary machinery to meet
an exigency could readily be set up and
1mminently important bills disposed of.
Meanwhile either temporary chairman
or the clerk could preside and all con-
troversial matters, including the cleo
ton of Speaker, be deferred.
Working Majority to Be Lacking.
The situation in the forthcoming
Congress is unfortunate in many re-
spects. It is unfortunate that neither
great political party will have a re-
Sponsible working majority at a time
when the country needs such solutions
OF its problems as either, party might
be able to furnish.
1t Is further unfortunate that this
condition will exist in the Bicentennial
year of the Father of Our Country.
George Washington. Great plans are
in preparation for the celebration of the
birth OF that great man throughout
the year 1882. It is unfortunate also
that this great Bicentennary comes in
Presidential year when politics will
hold the stage and headlines, and Con-
gress will be in the throes of partisan
discussion.
1t might be well to remember these
facts both in and out of Congress and
an effort be made by the people them
Selvs and by their representatives to
act in conSonance with the spirit and
character and public services of George
Washington in meeting the serious
problems that confront our common
and beloved country-problems, the
correct solution of which concern the
welfare of every man, woman and child
in this republic, and possibly the peace
and happiness of mankind everywhere
throughout the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Wales a Daring Soldier
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page.)
'shadower" had to assume roles which
would render him inconSpicuous.
My disguise was that of a dispatch
rider-SignalS Royal Engineers, with a
blue and white brassard over my arm.
Often he travelled in a fast, powerful
car; often 1t was quite impossible to
keep him in sight. and there were
many times when headquarters received
a nasty shock-the report that the
Prince was missing.
On one occasion it was suddenly
realized that the Prince had not been
seen for some time, and although in
quiries were Immediately instituted. no
body seemed to know where he had
gone.
The first knowledge I had of the
trouble was when I was approached by
several staff officers in a commnicat-
ing trench. They were breathless from
hurrying and obviously in a state of
great anxiety.
One of them recognized me and a
look Of relief came over his face as he
said:
Here's the Intelligence Police chap;
perhaps he can tell us something"
could and did. had been trailing
the Prince for hours, and at the time
.during which headquarters was in a
moral funk lest something should have
happened to him, the Prince was in
the corner of a machine gun emplace-
ment talking to a young lieutenant,
some se.-geants and a bunch of in
tereSted "Tommies"
To a man of the Princes spirit, II
was natural that he should dislike the
restrictions imposed upor him TO pre-
vent his running unnecessary risks
while at the front.
Longed for Trench Service.
He longed to be with his regiment In
the trenches. But instead Of being al
lowed to go into the hottest danger
TO whose care he was intrusted were
made responsible for his personal safety
and that they were not inclined tc
take any risks in the matter.
/ wildly recall one incident in the
Ypres sector Heavy fighting had beer
proceeding in the salient for severa
weeks. The Prince had gone to visit
a clearing hospital and had beer
warned not to proceed fartherS
After his visit he learned that a regi'
naent Of which he was honorary colone
was in the front line or the reserv,
line, and instead of turning back TO-
ward divisional headquarters when III
came out Of the hospital. he led on II
the direction Of the forward Aenches.
Just before this had been smartl.
taker K task by the late Maj, Johr
Solano, an assistant provost marshal
Tor permitting the Prince to get int
danger. an. determined in this cas-
to make an effort to stop him. So
communicated my information to
very highly placed staff officer a
general headquarters, and was ordere'
TO shadow his royal highness
was told not to speak. nor +
answer any questions should my roya
charge, by any unforeseen incident. ad
dress me. Further, was ordered no
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08

If I were to mention to any
reader Of this newspaper the
name Judas, he would tell me
Immediately who Judas was.
He was the treacherouS
apostle, the betrayer Of his
Lord"
If I were to mention the
name Ananias, I should get
a response almost as prompt.
"Ananias Why, AnaniaS was
the man who claimed to have
solo all his property and
turned the proceeds over to
the apostles. But he held
some of it back, and for tell
ing that lie he was struck
dead. He was the prince OF
liars"
But how many readers re-
member this story?
When the apostle Paul saw
the vision by which he was
converted, he was divinely
guided into Damascus to the
house of a faithful disciple.
What was the disciples name?
Judas.
Another disciple was sent
to Paul to minister to his
needs. What was his name?
AndnidS.
Everybody remembers Judas
the betrayer and Ananias the
liar. Nobody remembers the
other Judas and the other
Ananias-quiet, unselfish men
who aided Paul in his hour Of
need and helped to start him
on his great career. -
A very wise and good friend
of mine had a motto. Said
he: Every man has a right
to be judged by his best"
Will some psychologist eX-
plain why it is so hard for us
to remember the best?
And so easy to remember
the worst?
(CopyriEht, 1879
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08

Going on to the gold standard came
about after number of years of war
time imitation. It seems to have worked
out about the same during each of Eng
lands wars. There was period of in
lowed battle between inf1ationists and
deflationists. in which the latter always
won out
So, If we can draw any lesson from
history 1t would seem to indicate the
British will go through a period of in
fiation, and then stabilize again, just
as they always have done.
In his book Mr.. Feavearyear also
points out that the franc was once
called pound, and that pound and Ira
descended from the libra of Charlie
magne.
Copyright. 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
Chinese May Raise
ENJOYS to First Rank

SHANGHAI, China. - Because of
china's growing Importance In world
affairs, especially in relation to Japan,
Marking is considering elevating the
rank of her Ministers abroad to that of
Ambassadors. To date, until her sever
ing Of relations with Russia, the only
Ambassador China has ever placed In
the field has been to Soviet Russia.
Intimate diplomatic and commercial re-
lations with Japan, her nearest neigh
Dor, 1t is held in Marking, dictates that
the first such envoy be sent to Toxic
Ambassadors to the United States and
Great Britain will probably follow after
this frst appointment. -