davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18


BY CHARLES STEPHENSON SMITH.
A MEXICAN ship news reporters
~ often have as exciting a time
IA as prospectors for gold in the
4 A days before Ireland and Nova
Scotia were connected by cable.
When a fast boat docked then at an
American port 1t might conceivably
bring news of another war Of Napo-
Icons. 1t surely carried the latest pa
pers from London and Paris, which
summarized news from all Europe. And
the officers of incoming ships were OBJ
liging gentlemen who talked freely with
inquiring reporters and gave them the
gossip of London coffee houses and
Paris cafes.
The perfection of the telegraph in
1848 gave the United States news
of Europe when it was somewhat fresh
er, as London and Paris papers got their
important news faster. But it remained
for the transatlantic cable in 1853 to
give American newspapers their first
taste of European news while 1t was still
hot off the griddle. Before then their
news was at least IL days old and fire.
quently more.
Cable Rate Was SIS per Word.
1t really was not till 1865 that the
transatlantic cable came into general
effective use. The rate was then SIS
word The press rate today from Lon
con to New York is cents a word. At
the beginning Is letters minute was
the maximum capacity of cable. Ca
bles today have eight channels and
carry 400 words minute. And there Is
a multiplicity of cables, connecting
Spain, France and Germany, as well
as England. Twenty-one cables are
operating in the North Atlantic alone.
In all, there are now about 5000 sub
marine cables with mileage of 300, 900.
Picture Queen Victoria, then happy
young bride, exchanging cablegrams
with President Buchanan in celebration
of the success CT the transatlantic cable.
Britons and Americans read of this
feat with ali the thrill that a modern
world gets out of Lindbergh's solo fight.
At times the cable worked SO badly
that only three words an hour were
sent. But the Victorian world was not
in such high gear and marveled that
electricity could send words across the
Atlantic even at a snail's pace.
The press had little freedom in Eu-
rope until $780, and previous to that
time general news service would have
been of little use to European newspa-
perS. They could not have printed 1t.
The unshackling of newspapers. fol-
lowed so closely by the invention of the
telegraph and the cable, opened up
field for journa lists, which they were
not slow to occupy.
Reuter- Agency Set Up in 1919.
julius de Reuter- establ's shed the first
general news agency In Paris in 1849,
a year after the telegraph came into
general use. He later moved his agency
to London and it became the parent
agency from which many great Euro
pean news agencies sprang.
The Fuggers and the Rothschilds and
other great families Of merchants and
bankers were the forerlnners of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18
AMERICANS GRID GLOBE
TO GET NEWS OF WORLD
Ceaseless Quest for Facts of Events Is
Carried on by Writers, Elimi-
mating Bias.

modern news agency. They gathered
information from all parts of Europe
and Asia through their agents, and by
means of speedy couriers and pigeon
post gained facts ahead of their rivals,
upon which they founded great for
tunes. But this was secret business
news and not available to the press.
even If there had been newspapers
which were free to print it. The his
tory of Europe from the fifteenth CEN
fury to the end of the Holy Roman
Empire, in the early part of the nine
tenth century, is pretty well told in
the archives of the Fugger family at
picturesque old Augsburg, the Bavarian
center from which the Fuggers oper-
ated.
AS bankers to kings and noblemen
their responsibility was to their royal
clients and not to the mere commoner
who happened to be able to read. but
was denied news of world activities by
governments which wished to keep him
in ignorance of international affairs.
The French Revolution and the world
upheaval which followed it we're neces-
sary to open the way for newspapers
and press agencies.
Even now the coast is not clear for
uninterrupted flow of news the world
around. Many countries still maintain
censorship even in time of peace. But
falling editors and suppressing newspa-
pers have pretty well gone out of fash
ion. The idea has spread generally
throughout advanced countries that Of
ficials or government. which claim they
are damaged by newspapers should
seek redress in courts.
TopIiff Starts Race for News.
Samuel Topliff, jr., Of Boston was the
father of news agencies in the United
States. In 1911 he decided that news
paper men should go after news and
not wait for it to come to them. He
inaugllrated the plan of going out by
they locked at Boston. He obtained
news from passengers and crew alike.
got copies of foreign newspapers and
hurried back to the Coffee House in
Boston, where he spread his news on
the records so newspapers could copy
it. Later he engaged correspondents
in the leading capitals of the world
and inaugurated series of news letters
which were sold to New York and Phil
adelphia papers.
Topliff's organization was copied in
New York in 1929 by David Hale and
Gerard Hallock of the Journal Of Com
ship and set up a semaphore on Sandy
Hook, to which they could signal news,
and thus outstrip rivals who also char
tered ships. Associations Of New York
papers grew out of this competition,
which eventually supplied news to pa
pers in other cities.
Stone Pounds Associated Press.
After the development of the tele-
graph, sectional news agencies sprang
up, but New York organizations kept
CONTROL of European news and more or
les dictated the policy of all organiza-
tons which they served. After years
Of news agency warfare and disorg mi
cation. the Associated Press was Ner-
gained by Melville E. Stone and his
associates as a cooperative in 1898.
IT Is the oldest Of the existing news
agencies in the United States and
achieved immediate success because Of
Continued o. Fourth Pagsl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

ton. In due course the 70 were re-
leased and all 10 translations agreed
down to the last dot This miraculous
agreement proved the translation from
the sacred Hebrew to be Gods will and
preserved the peculiar inspiration Of the
sacred books.
The first attempt to translate both
Old and New TestamentS in the com
mon language" of the day was made
during the last years of the fourth cen
fury and the beginning Of the fifth,
when Pope Damascus asked st. Jerome
to undertake the task. st. Jerome re-
luctantly set about the work, and after
IA years the "Vulgate," or Latin Bible.
was completed. This Bible. as have
practically all others, met great hos
tility, for st. Jerome, great Hebrew
scholar. had gone to Hebrew texts IN.
stead of the miraculous Greek text OF
the SEVENTEEN. Gradually 1t was &C
cepted and has remained ever since the
accepted text Of the Roman Catholic
Church.
Old Bibles Recalled.
When English texts are considered
Bibles representing almost every stage
in the development Of that language
can be found. There were. for instance.
the wicked Bible" and the "Breeches
Bible" The latter was published In
1879 and was distinguished by the
verse In Genesis describing Adam and
Ewes dress as follows:
they sewed digge tree leaves
together and made themselves breeches."
But Wycliffe's version-for which that
scholar paid the penalty of having his
bones disinterred 100 years after his
death and publicly burned-also refer
rod fn "hreecheS
When language changes, word mean
ings become obsolete and are lost. To
this fact Prof Smith refers in his pref
ace to the Old Testament. He points
out many words in the King James ver-
sion whose meaning have been COM
pletely lost.
"'To ear" Prof. Smith says, Gin the
as are 'marish' for marsh scrabble
for scratch in the audience Of for
in the hearing Of all to- for alto
gether.' Time has wrought changes In
the usage of words. The word prevent
once meant to anticipate but is now
used in the sense of to hinder Facts
like these make Bible reading a scholar
ly rather than a religious exercise and
clearly point toward the need Of new
translation"
Another argument offered by the
translators of the American Bible is
that every character in the King James
version sounds like every other. They
point out that Peter is made to speak
like Paul, and James like John. The
only distinction made is in the content
of what the various characters say
The present translators say they have
tried to reveal the personality of each
writer or speaker as indicated by the
way he speaks or writes in addition to
the content Of his utterance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18
NEWTRANSLATION OF BIBLE
TO RETYPICALLY AMERICAN
Language on High Literary Plane, Not
That of Street, Say Editors-Oppo'
sitiOn to Modern Version Seen.

the Old Testament, Isaiah, i.1S, changes
from promise to a question mark.
Though your sins be as scarlet they
shall be as white as snow" becomes in
the new translation:
If your sins be like scarlet
Can they be as white as snow?
II they be red like crimson,
Can they become as wool?
Remember now thy Creator in the
days of thy YOUTH" in Ecclesiastes WI,
becomes:
Remember your Creator In the days Of
your vigor.
Before the evil days come
And the years approach of which you
will say,
It have no pleasure in them:
Before the sun becomes dark,
And the light, and the moon, and the
stars;
AnG the clouds return after the rain;
In the day when the guardians OF the
house tremble,
And the strong men are bent.
And the grinding maids cease because
they are few,
And the ladies peering though the win
dows be darkened,
And the doors into the street are closed;
When the sound of the mill Is low,
And one rises at the voice of the bird,
And all songs sound low even when in
high tones;
They fear and terrors are on the road;
And the almond tree blossoms, and the
grasshopper is burdensome,
And the caper berry becomes inef-
fectual;
Because man goes to the final home,
And the mourners go around the street;
While the silver cord e not severed,
Nor the jar shattered at the spring,
Nor the wheel broken at the cistern;
Nor the dust return to the earth as 1t
was,
Nor q the spirit return to God Who gave
"Futility of utilities" says Kohelelth,
"all is futility."
While the new translation probably
will receive much adverse criticism, it is
not likely that the bones of DR.. Smith
and DR.. Goodspeed will be disinterred
and publicly burned 100 years after
their deaths. as was the fate of Wycliffe,
a fourteenth century English translator.
The tranSlators, however, in their pref
ace, offer the same apology for the new
lators Of the King James version of
1911. The 300-year-old document reads:
I'VE are so fare Off from condemn
ing any Of their labours that traulled
before VS. in this kind and that
they dserue to be had of VS. and
Of posterities in everlasting remem-
brance. Therefore blessed be
they, and most honoured be their name,
that breaks the yce and give the onset
vpor that which helpeth forward to the
saving of souls. Now what can bee
more available thereto, than to deliuer
Gods books vnto Gods people in a
tongue which they understand? :"
Clothed in Miracle.
When the Old Testament was first
translates from the Hebrew, many
years before Christ, it was necessary
to clothe its appearance with a miracle
In order to gain its acceptance. The
story Of that miracle Is that 70 trans
lators were imprisoned In 70 cells, be-
tween whiah there was no communities
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18
BY JAMES w. BENNETT.
Author of "The Manchu Cloud"

%ODAY, in Manchuria, is heard
the spiteful rap-rap-rap Of the
machine gun, the Earring boom
i Of trench mortars. the heavy de-
tonation Of bombs dropped from
soaring airplanes. Here, If you please,
is grim paradox. China. which for
centuries has Stunned the Three Prov
inces. now is desperately engaged in
an attempt to halt the efforts Of Japan
to gain control there.
1t may seem thin strand. which
am holding, that connects for me the
bland smile of a Peiping servant and
the great exodus Of Chinese to Man
churia, an exodus which has been one
Of the causes of the friction today. Yet
my Number One Boy spun his tenuous
thread.
The trouble began one morning Of
early Spring. The courtyard of our
Peiping house was silent. The distant
kitchen was still. I could not even
hear the gnawing sound of the cook
working to detach the faucet of the
"drinkee watah" boiler-in order to
purloin it for subsequent sale.
Finds New Servant.
After a time decided to investigate
that ominous silence. Entering the
courtyard I stumbled over a lone crea-
ture beginning to sweep the fagstones.
He wore the grasscloth robe Of the
Number One Boy. On his head was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

A N American translation Of the
n Bible is soon to make its ap-
n pearance from the University
of Chicago press. The editors
of the translation are DR.. ]. M.
Powis Smith, who is in charge OF the
Old Testament books, and DR.. Edgar
]. Goodspeed. for the New Testament.
DR.. Goodspeed's translation OF the rev
Testament, incorporated in the ne"
American Bible. was published sepa-
rately several years ago.
In defining their meaning OF an
American translation" the editors state
that the language used cannot be al
lowed to fall to the level Of the streets.
The Old Testament, DR.. Smith SAID, Is
on a high literary plane and the trans
lation is meant to be American IN the
sense that the writings OF Lincoln,
Roosevelt and Wilson are American.
The new Bible reveals the vast de-
velopment of biblical scholarship our
ing the last quarter Of century. IL Is
stated that biblical science has mace
comparable progress with physical SCI
ences in that period. At the present
time a new standard American revision,
to replace the version OF that name
published in 1901, is now being prepared
by American scholars. DR.. smith,
member of the International Council OF
Religious Education, under whose au-
spices the standard version Is being
prepared, stated, however, that the new
version would not be completed for sew
eral years.
Changes Resented.
People are still prone to resent
changes of Bible wording, in spite OF
the fact that modern scholarship has
discovered and translated the original
meanings Of the writer's Of the Bible lar
more accurately than earlier translators.
This conservatism is revealed In the
American standard version OF 1901,
when it is understood that the marginal
renderings of text usually are the more
accurate. This was concession 10
people who want to read the Bible the
way they've always read it," whether
the renderings are accurate or not.
Many significant changes will shock
some readers of the new American
Bible. For instance, instead of I'm the
beginning God created heaven and
EARTH" the reader discovers, When
God began to create the heavens and
the earth the earth was q desolate
waste, with darkness covering the
abyss and tempeStuouS wind raging
over the surface of the waters"
The twenty third psalm is discovered
to hold comfort only for this life, as its
phrases now read:
The Lord is my shepherd; shall not
want;
In green pastures He maketh me lie
down;
To refreshing waters He leads me.
He gives me new life.
He guides me in safe paths for His
flames sake.
Even though I walk in the darkest
valley
fear no harm, for Thou art with me.
Thy rod and Thy staff-they comfort
me.
Thou layest a table before me in the
presence of my enemies.
Thou anointest my head with oil; my
cup overflows
Only goodness and grace shall follow
me all the days Of my life;
And shall dwell In the house Of the
Lord down to old age.
The yanst famous evanGelistic text ef
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

COuAu FINISH All IN DIX Tears.
In order to attain this progress. the
Secretary of the Treasury has employed
to date 191 architectural firms. scattered
throughout the country, to assist the
Supervising Architects Office in de-
signing these buildings. and the out
side architects are handling over one
half of the entire amount of the pub
lie building program so far specifically
authorized. The Treasury Department
Is of the opinion that the present rate
Of progress will permit the practical
completion of the 1o-year program with
in six years from 1928, If this is desired
by Congress.
It Is obvious that the increased pro-
gram, authorized by acts of 1880 and
1881, bad to he anticipated st least two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

A FTER listening to the farewell
~ speech by the Vice President
IA Of the United States, the dele
1 A gates Of 81 American repub-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

Note-The great news services Of the
world are interesting: How news is COL
to the United States was the subject of
an address by Charles S. Smith. chief
Of the foreign service of the Associated
Press, at William and Mary College last
week. 1t follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

A N American translation Of the
n Bible is soon to make its ap-
II pearance from the University
of Chicago press. The editors
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-14
Spring Opening
 Wide in Scope
Household Furnishings In- cluded-Plans Complete
 for Tuesdays Showing

only two days remain before Wa terburians will be privileged to wit ness one of the most elaborate fash ion displays in the citys history. It will be the annual spring opening exposition of the Merchants Bureau of the Chamber of Commerce. Sev- eraL hundred thousands of dollars worth of merchandise will be dis played during the official three days of the opening-Tuesday Wednes- day and Thursday.
 The grand opening will be on Tuesday evening. The following night three expert judges will visit the various stores entered and will make their formal selections of the prize winning windows. Gold prizes and credentials will be presented to the display managers or window dressers" responsible for tEe success full showing. On that evening also St Francis Xavier Drum corps and the combined high school bands will parade the principal streets of the city.
 Special attention Is called by the committee to the showing of the of- nciai slogan in the windows of the official stores on Tuesday evening. Prizes amounting to $30 in gold will be awarded to the three persons who write the slogan the greatest number of times on slip of paper measur- ing inches square. All competitive lists must be in tho office of the Chamber of Commerce not later than 9 o'clock next Friday morning.
 This years display of merchandise will not only feature wearing ap- II. deavor this year to give prominent space to household furnishings. De- partmcnt and furniture stores will offer many new ideas in home ne- cesslties and Iuxuries in the coming display.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-14
Says Apple Trees
 Will Bloom May 6
State PomoIogist E. M Stoddard Has Hit Date Four Out
 of Last Five Years

New Haven. March 14--Apple trees in the southern half of Con necticut and fin the Connecticut river valley will blossom on May 6 and in the northern part of the state perhaps q day or two later, accord ing to calculations of E. M. Stod- dard, pomologist of the Connecticut Agricultural experiment station. this prediction being based pn the oc- entrance of the first hard freeze in the preceding fall. and is not de- pendent on the spring temperature to any appreciable extent. few forecast, but most orchards on this date will loosen their pink and white clouds of glory.
 s For the last five years MT Stod- dard has foretold the coming of the blooms and except for 1930 he has not been wrong by more than day. Last year the peculiar unreasonable com bination of warm days and nights brought blossoming the first day of May that was unexpect- edIy early to both MT Stoddard and the apple growers.
 To the average person the day when apple blossoms appear has no greater importance than delighting his eye. To the owner of the orchard the date is one by which he plans ahead to take care of his crop. Sprays to control insects and plant disease must be applied at certain times when the buds are dormant. just before they show pink and when they are pink.
 MT Stoddard's prediction is not based on what happens this spring. He makes his estimates on what oc- cured last fall. Apple trees bloom according to the first freeze of the autumn before. An early freeze means late blossoms the following spring. Mir Stoddard has observed. Buds develop from the food that is
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-14
MISSION WILL OPEN TOMORROW AT LADY OF
 MT CARMEL CHURCH

A weeks mission for both men and women will open tomorrow evening at 7:30 o'clock in the church of Our Lady of Mt Carmel. Rev J. J. Liney. c. M. of Philadel- phin will conduct the services. Father Liney is a noted pulpit ora tor, Il distinguished scholar and q missionary priest of wide experi- erces. The parishoners of Our Lady of Mt Carmel will he privileged to hear some of his sermons that made him one of the most popular mis- sion conductors in this section of the country
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-14
SPINNEY IS HELD FOR SUPERIOR COURT
Probable Cause Found; Bonds Are
 Set At $1,OOO
Autoist Whose Car Killed Daniel Griffin, Scored By Judge Who Visits Scene-Latter Called Action Criminal Negligence

Watertown avenue. Spinney pass- ing on the left of the car collided with the young couple huriing Grif- fin distance of over one hundred feet, killing him instantly. Mrs Griffin was so painfully injured that she spent over two months in the Waterbury hospital.
 Evidence in the case was record cd last week at hearing, which consumed nearly four hours time. Attorneys John II. Cassidy and Wil- liam T. Keavney. counsel for the accused, endeavored to obtain his discharge without the necessity of going into the superior court to try the case.
 Following the hearing Judge Meyer announced that he would re- serve his decision until to-day. His statement was similar to that ex- pressed by Coroner Jonn T. Mon- zani in his official finding, holding the young man criminally responsi- ble for the death of Griffin.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-14

Probable cause was found to-day in the case of Donald T. spinney, 25, of NorthfieId road, Waterloo vn. who was charged with automobile homicide in connection with the death of Daniel Griffin, local postal employe, last November. Judge T. V. Meyer, who had reserved decision until this morning after hearing evi- dcnce fin the case of 6 week ago, stated that he had visited the scene of the fatal accident and had obs served general conditions as regards to traffic. He declared that he con- sidered 1t criminal negligence for an automobile to attempt to pass to the left of standing trolley car at that particular intersection on Wa ertown avenue. Spinney was con- sequently ordered held for superior court under bonds of $i,0OO.
 The accident occurred as Griffin and his wife alighted from Water town trolley car md started to crOsa