davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
H. w. DUDLEY SPEAKER
Will Address West Washington
Baptist Bible Glass Tomorrow.

At the West Washington Baptist
Church tomorrow at 10 am. II. W.
Dudley will address the Mems Blole
Glass. There will Be communion SerV-
ice. short talks by DR.. H. w. o. Milling
ton and the pastor at ] am.
AT pm. the 3. Y. P. u. will render
programs and at pm. sermon by
the pastor on prosperity"
The T. Z. l.. Bible Class will meet at
the home Of Mrs Cora A. Quackenbush.
3i47 Seventeenth street, wednesday at
O'Clock. The church will hold It's
quarterly business meeting THURSDAY
evening. The church will do It's best on
Mothers dsv to help raise $4,000 for
the Baptist Home for Children. A pa
geant. "A Mothers Devotion, Will be
presented by the Senior B. Y. P. U.
- May 10 at 8 O'Clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
PASTOR FILLS PULPIT

At the Sixth Presbyterian Church to-
morrow evening the pastor, Rev. God
frey Chcbot. will speak on The Man
for the Times" In the evening his
topic will be Fishing" Al O'Clock
the Christian Endeayor Society will hold
its meeting in the chapel. with Mar
Raret Lum as leader.
The nidweek service Is held Thurs
day evening at o'clock, and the book
for study is Know Your Bible"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
PetwOrth Baptist.

Rev. Henry j. Smith will have for his
topic "Age-Long Values" tomorrow
night. The men of the church will at
tend In a body, as they do each first
night Of the month. The evening serv-
ices will be special for the Senior
B. Y. p. U. Morning sermon, 1.-THE OBJ
jective Christ" The annual business
meeting Of the Bible school, with cleo
ton of officers, will be held Monday
night. The annual business meeting
of the church and election of all church
boards Tuesday night at 8 o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
GHrthttan Srtrntf
Christian Science
EVERLASTING
PUNISHMENT

SERVICES
sunday, II AM. and Pm.
Sunday School-I1 AM.
WEDNESDAY EVENING MEETINGS
O'CLOCK
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Metropolitan Baptist.

Pastor John Compton Ball VIII preach
tomorrow morning. Following the ser
mon the ordinance Of the Lords supper
will be administered. At the close OF
this service a number will be received
into the fellowship Of the church: Al
the evening service he will preach on
Things Money Cannot Buy"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Eastern Presbyterian.

The pulpit will be occupied by Rev
q q. Kundahl at both services tomor-
row, The mems Bible class will hold 2
BANQUET supper Tuesday in honor OF
their bowling team. The Woman $
missionary Society will hear about
Porto Rico" Wednesday afternoon
The leaders are Mrs. Marshall Mac
Kibbin and Mrs Myer Hand.
At the close of the service last sun
day morning, Myer Hand, on benall OF
the congregation, presented DR.. ano
Mrs. Barrows q basket OF mowers III
recognition of their wedding annlVeL-
sary. The church also granted III
Barrows q vacation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Healing Mission.

It Am the Way" will be the subject
OF DR.. George r. Dudley's instruction
at the service OF the st. Stephens
Healing Mission Tuesday at 1880 m.
at st. Stephen and the 4ncarnauon'
Sixteenth and Newton streets. "Outwlt,
ting our Nerves" by Jackson and
salisbury. will be reviewed by the IL
brarian. A review will be given once
each month for the benefit of those
interested in taking books from the free
lending library connected with the mis-
sion,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Tabor Presbyterian.

Rev. r. A. Farley will speak tomor-
row at IL am. on Loyalty to God y
Communion will be observed and chill
dren christened. Church school, e:3O
am. An apron and tie social will be
given Tuesday at the home OF Mr.. and
Mrs. J. D. Wentz, I413 New Jersey ave.
nue.. for the benefit Of the Vacation
Church School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Fifth Baptist.

DR.. John E. Briggs will preach tomor.
row at IL am. on THE Best We Have"
and administer the Lords supper: The
subject at 7:45 pm. is "Barnabas,
Friend Of the Suspected"
DR.. H. w. o. Wellington will teach
the Darlington Berea Bible class for
men and women.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Plymouth CongreEational.

At IL am. the pastor. Rev. William
Herbert King, will preach at IL am.
There will be an address at pm. by
Mrs. j. w. Hamilton under the auspices
of the Helping Circle. Church School,
$50 am; Y. P. S. c. E., $50 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Mathematician A. nj. z.

DR.. w. G. Cowan of Durham, N. O.,
will preach tomorrow morning on
Where There Is No Vision" followed
by the holy communion. Rev. ze6edee
Hawkins will preach at o'clock on
Faiths Victories: church school, S:3O
am. Christian Endeavor, $50 PM
Beverly Lonf, leader. Ministerial ALI
ance at IL noon Tuesday; subject to be
discussed, Echoes From the Confer
ence."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
STORE PLANS FILED

Plans for the construction Of i've
one-story brick and stone stores at
1823-l831 Columbia road have been
filed with the District building inspec-
tors once by j. w. Beller and Blaine
Mallan. J. L. Parson, jr.. Is listed as
the builder. The cost Is estimated to
total $4,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Fellowship Meeting.

The Mems Bible class Of Eastern
Presbyterian Church will hold their
May ENTHUSIASTICALLY meeting Tues
day. After a short business session the
remainder of the meeting will be in
honor of the bowling team representing
the church in the East Washington
Church League, and sponsored by the
class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Mount Zion NJ. 7.

Rev. julius s. Carroll, the pastor,
will conduct q prayer and praise serv-
ice tomorrow at 6 am; church scnooi'
$50 am; sermon by the pastor
am. followed by administration OF the
holy communion; Junior Epworth
League, $50 pm: Senior League, 6 pm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
rusIfth Street Christian.

The pastor, Rev. J. r. WHITFIELD
will have his anniversary services con-
Guided tomorrow at 3 o'clock with a
sermon by DR.. Harvey Baker SMITH
S,hIIrch school. $50 am; communion,
sermon bv Rev. ]. F. Whitfield, IL am;
Junior Christian Endeavor, PM
Senior Endeavor, PM; preaching
pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02

Herbert 7. Arnold was reelected treas
urer.
There will be a visitation Of the
Daughters to the Church Of the Trans
figuration, Fourteenth and Gallatin
streets, May z, at pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Takoma Park Baptist.

Rev. William E. La Rue, pastor, will
preach a sermonette to the children on
The Singing Tower" and the regular
sermon on The Signs of DiScipleshlp.
The observance of the Lords Supper.
Evening service sermon is When q
Man Is Nothing"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Tinted Brethren.

The minister, DR.. s. B. Dsugherty,
will preach tomorrow at IL am on the
Great Hunger" and at pm. on the
Great Redemption" one OF a series OF
human life stories Of the conversion OF
great men of our day and other days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
KINGS DAUGHTERS ELECT

The new diocesan officers Of the
Daughters of the King. elected at the
convention Thursday in Rock Creek
Church, are: Second vice president.
Mrs. C, D. Holland; recording secre-
tary, Mrs. William J. Wright. Mrs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Annual Banquet,

The annual mother and daughter
banquet Of the Columbia Heights Chris
tian Church will be held Wednesday.
Mrs. Albert Williams will preside. Mrs.
Florence Allen will be in charge OF the
arrangements. The banquet is spon-
sored by the Missionary Society, Mrs.
o. B. Atwood, president
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
First Brethren.

Rev. Homer A. Kent. the pastor. VIII
preach tomorrow morning at IL oclocK
on THE Greatest Text in the biDie;
AZ q pm. his subject will be "A Fit
Man" At the evening service the Mems
Bible class will have charge. Sunday
school, $3.50 am; Y. p. c. E., pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Gunton- Temple Presbyterfa

Or. Bernard BrsskamD, the pastor
will take as his subject tomorrow morn.
ing "Contentment." The subject OF
his sermon at the O'Clock evening
service will be "christ's Healing Minis
try"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Friendship Baptist.

Unity" will be the subject OF ReV'
B. H. Whiting. pastor. tomorrow at H.
am. Mrs. Isabelle Bunday Will speak
at 8 pm. Sunday school, 10 an;
B. Y. P. u, 6 pm; prayer ana praise
meeting Tuesday at pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Ingram Congregational.

Rev. George c. Pullman, assistant
nastor of the First Congregational
Church, Chicago. will preach SUNDAY
morning and night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02

Rev. J. L. S. Holloman will preach
tomorrow at IL am, on The Lonel-
ness OF Christ" and in the evening or
THE Ministry of Prayer" Bible school
$50 am; B. Y. p. u, 8 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Centennial BAPTIST.

why Many Washington Women Are
Not Married." is the subject Of Rev.
E. Hez Sven Sunday night at o'clock
The II o'clock morning sermon subject
is Some Men" The various societies
Of the Baptist Young Peoples Union
convene at z pm. and the Sunday
school at $50 am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Lincnln Road NJ T..

Holy communion will be conducted
tomorrow at IL am. and there VIII DE
a reception to new members. At pm.
a dramatic sketch. The Seeing Heart
will be presented by the young people.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
New Bethel Baptist.

Rev. William D. Jarvis will preach to-
morrow at IL am. on "The inheritance
Incorruptible." Bible school. $3.50 am
Christian Endeavor, $50 pm; Sermon
pm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Eninhanx Chapel.

Rev. Francis Yarnell will preach TO-
morrow morning on Where Free Joys
Are to Be Found"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
81. Marraret,s Episcopal.

There will be celebrations OF holy
communion tomorrow at 7:30 am. and
IL am. The pastor. DR.. Herbert Scott
Smith, viii preach at II am. Sunday
school, $3.50 am. The confirmation class
will meet with Rev. Robert Shores at
3 pm. Holy communion at IL am.
Thursday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Activities in Local Churches

The Sunday school will meet at e:4o I'm.
and the, Christian Endeavor Societies
at pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Howard University.

DR.. ]. Edgar Park. president OF
wheaton College, Norton, Mass, WI
speak at the religious services AZ II
o'clock tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Asbury M. f.

Dr. Robert M. Williams newly ap,,
nointed pastor, will preach special
Sermon tomorrow morning using as his
subject what Is That in Your Hand.
The holy communion will be ADMINS
| tered at the evening service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Third Ranfkkt.

There will be Mems day tomorrow.
DR.. George o. Bullocks topic at IL
am. is what Is MANI" Prof. Thomas
e. Bowie will recite after the sermon.
At 8 pm. Jefferson S. Coage. recorder
BEST Type of Men" Sunday morning
prayer meeting. $50 to 1880 o'clock;
Ribie school. 9:15 am; Junior c. E.
Society, 1 pm; I. c. e. Society. 5 pm;
Senior C. E. Society. s pm; prayer
meeting, Tuesday. 8 to 10 pm; Y. P.
prayer meeting, Thursday, to PM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02

U 81
Society of Washington, D. c.
1926 EYE STREET NV,
Phone Mstropolitan 1859
DEAN FRANKLIN, Leader
SUNDAY MEETINGS.
IL A.M.-LECTURE
81 .M.-LECTURE
Special Music
S:tS A.M.-sunday SeAosl.
$3.50 P.M.-FrAhyslo Club.
s;iS p.m.-Good Words Club.
Open Daily Ercept HOLIDAYS
Classes each evening at a'eieek Pm,
txeept Saturday. Wednesday and Friday %
8 o'clock PM.
Unity Literature fer Sale
ALL ARE WELCOME
RI L L MIS- SION
s22 9th St. NV.
For the Promotion Of
Scriptural Holiness.
Service every Sunday at 1:50 Pm.
ALL WELCOME,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-02
Consreaa Street NJ. p.

Representative Louis Ludlow OF 1ndi-
ana will address the Harrison Bible
class tomorrow morning at GAS O'Clock
in the auditorium of the church. His
subject will be Jesus IN the Home OF
Zaccheus." D. B. Thomas will have
charge of the lesson and give short
talk on it. All men are welcome. The
class will hold a special nag service al
7:45 pm. Roger j. Whiteford, Local
lawyer, viii be the guest speaker. Al
IL am. DR.. H. A. Kester,. the pastor
will preach on 1.-The Dried-up Springs
of Life" and the holy communion VIII
be administered. Christian Endeavol
Society, pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29
NATIONAL HEALTH
"REMARKABLY GOOD"
Insurance Statistics for month
Period Show Extensive Drop
in Fatal Ills.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK, August 2s.-Analysis Of
mortality statistics for the first seven
months of 1881, compiled by the
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, show
a period of remarkably good health
conditions" throughout the country in
spite of great business depression" the
company reported yesterday.
The report stated that July is the
fourth successive month this year with
a better health record among wage
earners than the corresponding month
last year. although 1880 was the best
year previously and wage earners usu-
ally feel the most serious effects OF
economic disturbance.
The death rate among the industrial
population of Canada and Far Western
States showed an appreciable drop for
the period, the report stated. Compared
to a cumulative increase Of ? per cent
mortality in the East, deaths declined
more than per cent in States west OF
the Rock Mountains.
Influenza, infantile paralysis, diabetes
and cancer were reported to be the
only sources of increased mortality so
far this year in the field Of illness.
Automobile accidents, homicides and
suicides also showed slight increase.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29
Universes Seem Splitting
Observers Believe Nebulde in Distant Galaxies Move
Outward at Speeds Increasing According to
Distance from Milky Way.

results are described in parsecs-an
astronomical unit of approximately -
600 900 000, 900 miles 1t is really the
distance to some heavenly body whose
annual paralax amounts to one second
of arc. Miles have no real meaning
when applied to such vast distances:
Even light years-the distance traversed
in one year by light moving through
space at 1S6.324 miles a second-lose
their significance.
Results Announced.
Here are the results of the new OBJ
Servations of Hubble and Humason;
A group of about $50 nebulae in the
constellation Cancer, distance 10000
parsecs, speed outwards 1900 miles
second.
A group of about 500 nebulae in the
constellation Pegasus, distance l1,000,-
600 parsecs, speed outwardS $500 miles
a second.
A group Of about 300 nebulse in the
constellation Coma. distance about IA
000.0o0 parsecs, speed 4,6o0 miles
A group of about 300 nebulae in the
constellation Ursa Major distance about
%. 900, 900 parsecs, speed about 1900
miles a second.
A group of about 800 nebulae in the
constellation Leo, distance approx
mately $4,000, 900 parsecs, speed about
$4,000 miles a second.
This is as far as the observers have
been able to go up to the present.
Theoretically the relationship is figured
out to distance of 100000 900 parsecs
and an outward velocity of about ST.
900 miles second.
Velocity Only Apparent.
The observers stress in their report
of the new observations that, so far
as they know, the increasingly great
outward velocities are only apparent
and they have no means Of stating
positively that this strange phenomenon
actually is taking place in the distant
heavens. They make no effort to inter
pref what ii means if it is a reality
rather than an illusion in some way in
herent in observation over such re-
mote distances.
The two observers express confidence,
however, that the same uncanny re-
.Iationship of outward speed and dis
lance which seems on the surface as
If all creation were undergoing gigan-
tic explosion, will hold good when it
becomes fundamentally possible to ex-
tend the observations to still more dis
tant objects with the Photographic eye
Of the telescope.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29

and he keeps the hair rising and fall
ing on the heads of his close friends,
who now only humble their previous
shouts: "Huey, you can't do that"
Has Won Senate Seat.
A glance at his record since the I'M
parchment trial shows he has won
seat for himself in the United States
Senate and placed his friends in the
United States House of Representatives.
He has become a member OF the DEM
ocratic National Committee and had
welded the old regulars of New Or
leans into his own organization after
those dignified gentlemen had branded
him "a young whippersnapper.
He Influenced the State Legislature into
enacting measures calling for more than
$l00,000,000. He has built a new cap
itol, q new Governors mansion and
paved roads and built bridges where he
chose despite opposition. He has DOM
mated local as well as State politics
and stands today the undisputed po-
htical car OF Louisiana.
He has won the right to sign his
statements, as he frequently does, "TIuey
P. Long, Governor of the State of
elect by the grace of his people"
Seeks to Tie Cyr's Hands.
He also has piled up accomplishments
that many people claim gives credence
to his laughing boast:
There may be SI1arter people than
Huey Long, but they amt in Louisiana. .
Right now he is busy man. He is
seeking to "tie the hands of his po-
litical foe, Lieut.. Gov. Paul N. Cyr. so
that he can leave the State without
Cyr taking over the Governors powers
as the State Legislation provides. He
is also striving to put into office a Gov
ernor and a new set of State officers
from among his own organization, and
lately he is working hard to get South
ern States to enact laws to adopt the
Long "no-1932- cotton plan"
Many people will tell you privately
that Long cannot succeed in any OF
these ventures, but as many more will
say meekly:
"Huey might dot It,"
Some Louisianians will say the same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29
FIVE BILLION GOLD
RESERVE HERE SEEN
Record Supply in U. S. Is
Near With Shipments
Continuing.
BY the Associated Press.

AS' 'Aib noSuNldAtu EIeSS.
NEW YORK, August 29.-The pock-
cts of Uncle Sam soon will bulge with
more than $4,000 900 in gold.
A survey of the gold situation yester-
day showed it will be only a matter of
short time before gold holdings in the
United States will top the five-billion
mark for the first time in the history
Of any nation.
The gold reserve on August 26
amounted to 81 ,992. 600 900. while inn
pending shipments from South Amer
lea will increase this amount A ship
ment OF S4,255, 900 is being sent to New
York from Argentina on the steamer
western Prince, and Uruguay plans to
send $4,000, 900. In addition receipt of
1856, 900 from Mexico was reported yes
terday by the Federal Reserve Bank of
New York
1t became apparent that the United
States would pass the flve-billion dol
lar mark when it was indicated at
Buenos Aires that the Argentine gov
eminent would meet the $50. 000, 900
notes maturing October l with gold
which is being withdrawn from the
Gaia de Conversion. Thus far this
month receipts from Argentina have
amounted to only SIS .328, 900, but heavy
shipments are looked for in the next
few weeks.
The last extraordinarily large move
ment from Argentina took place in May,
when more than $40,000000 was re-
ceived in preparation for interest and
sinking fund requirements for the half
year. Since that time shipments have
totaled about s18500. 900, all of which
has been for public debt service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29
HOLDS ESTATE TAX
/. CLAUSE is INVALID
Federal Judge Attacks Sec
ton Covering Transfer of
Funds Beore Death.

WILMINGTON, Del, August %
AN opinion holding as unconstitutional
the section of the 1926 internal revenue
act which states that all transfers of
property made within two years of
death and in excess of $4,000 to any
one person and without full considera-
tion shall be deemed to have been made
in contemplation of death was handed
down in Federal Court yesterday by
Judge John P. Nields.
The opinion was given in connection
with the demurrer. of the United States
Government to the suit filed by the
Delaware Trust Co, executor of the
estate of William du Pont against the
collector of internal revenue for Della
ware
The suit was filed to obtain the re-
turn of $283, 100, which represents 20
per cent of a deficiency estate tax levied
on property that Mr.. du Pont had
transferred to relatives.
The total deficiency tax on the prop
critics, which were transferred shortly
before Mr.. du Points death in 1928,
amounted to $1,287, 900. OF the def
cheney tax, only 20 per cent had been
paid prior to filing of the suit.
At recent hearing physicians and
others testified that at the time of the
property transfer Mr. du Pont was in
good health and had no expectation of
early death.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-29
BY THOMAS =. HENRY.

A vast cluster of galactic universes
approximately GOO, 600, 000. 900 900. 000, 900
miles away from the earth apparently
Is rushing outward at speed of about
10000 miles second.
A similar cluster approximately 416,-
600. 900 900 600, 900 900 miles distant ap-
pears to be speeding away at a velocity
of about 1915 miles a second.
Results of observations of as Of the
fainter clusters of nebulae, ranging in
distance from about I'll, 900, 900 900 .000,-
100000 miles to 600 quintillion miles,
have just been made public by DrS.
Edwin Hubble and Milton L. Humason
of the Carnegie Institution of Wash
ington, in the Astrophysical Journal.
Distance Speed Link Checked.
The new observations we're under
taken to see If one of the StrangeSt
phenomenon ever noted in the heavens
continues to the utmost range Of human
observations with the present instru-
mental limitations. This is that the
further away in the vast reaches of
space beyond the Milky Way galaxy,
in which the sun is one of many mil
lions of stars, one can see, the faster
the objects there are moving outward.
These objects are nebulae and clusters
of nebulae-each nebulae being a vast
conglomeration of stars comparable in
dimensions to the Milky Way system,
which includes all ordinarily visible OBJ
jects in the sky.
All the distant nebulae seem to be
moving outward at a speed which in
creases approximately $50 miles per
second for each $4,000, 900, 900 900 ,000,-
900 miles This speed and its direction
are indicated by shifts of the red line
in the spectrum of the light from these
rebulae The displacement of spectrum
lines has proved a reliable method for
measuring the distance and direction
of motion of objects within the local
galaxy.
Law Apparently Holds Good.
The two Carnegie Institution OBJ
servers. working at the Mount Wilson
Observatory. had found the law of ina
creased speed of outward motion with
increased distance to hold good for
nebulae, whose distance could be calcu-
lated in other ways. as by observations
of variable stars which could be isolated
on photographs The present obServa-
lions were made of nebulae, whose dis
lance was calculated by their luminosity
and extend approximately four times
as far into space.
The distances are SO vast that the