davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
BIZ CHARLES r. SPEARE.

SPECIAL D1kpALCH 10 1ue Quar-.
NEW YORK, September 1.-THE
unusual decline this week in the junior
bonds Of the Wabash Railroad, which
follows o series Of heavy losses in the
similar obligations of other carriers, calls
attention to the fact that the most
conspicuous weakness in railroad Sc
curities at present is in that group of
companies that went through receiver
ship about IS years ago.
At that time the railroad mileage in
receivership was the largest since 1893.
1t was concentrated mainly among sys-
Southwest. The fundamental difficulty
then with most of the roads that be-
came bankrupt was the high ratio Of
debt to capital stock. The proportions
were in some cases as much as rs per
cent bonds to rs per cent stock. In the
reorganizations of these properties the
attempt was made to correct this condi-
ton. In doing so Junior bonds were
exchanged for certain ratios of COM
mon stocks and preferred stocks, while
bonds Of q higher rating were, in sew
eral situations and against the objec-
ton Of their holders. substituted for ad-
justment issues whose interest was
withheld for a term of years after re-
CelpeTSIllpS were llIJeO OF Until Jne
property was on a good earning basis.
Payment Of such interest is not a fixed
charge, but Is contingent upon earnings,
and frequently upon proper ALLEGATION
of such earnings to maintenance
charges.
Bond Issues Numerous.
The weakness that has cropped out
in different railroads recognized dur
ing the war period arises from subSe-
quent issues of bonds on such a large
scale that again the proportions be-
tween fixed debt and capital stock are
not satisfactory. AS soon as it appeared
wise to do so, the arrangements of the
reorganiZed roads began to pay interest
on their adjustment bonds A little later
they inaugurated dividends on their
preferred stocks. This policy was I'M
doubleday fastened by the pressure Of
the original holders OF bonds who had
lost their income in the exchange and
had no way of regaining it until the
junior securities were on paying basis.
The third phase was the beginning of
dividends on common stocks
1t should have been possible during
this period of earnings so large that
common stocks of comparatively new
corporations were now dividend payers,
to have been able to sell stock to the
public for capital uses and SO preserve
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
LIFE INSURANCE FIRM
REPORTS BUSINESS GAIN
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch 70 The Star.
BOSTON, September 1.-THE New
England Mutual Life Insurance Co. for
the first eight months of the current
year reports an increase Of AZ per cent
in actual new business. as compared
with the corresponding period Of 1880,
bringing its total business so far this
year to $50 500, $3.50.
Several new records were established
by the company during the first half
Of the year. New business quoted was
larger than in any similar period in
the company's history and the month
of June. when an increase of "a per
cent was shown over the corresponding
month of last year, was the second
largest June the company ever had.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11

business days this year and last year.
Exchange Honors Foraker.
The Washington Stock Exchange has
adopted resolutions on the death OF
Arthur Foraker. a fellow member. One
of the resolutions says: During the
years which it has been our privilege
to b. associated with Mr. Foraker as
member of this exchange, We have al
ways found him a kind. courteous and
considerable gentleman who was loved
and respected by all who knew him.
The committee drawing tire resolu-
lions consisted of James M. Johnston,
w. w. Mackall. John w. Brawner and
Y. E. Booker. The exchange was rep
resented at the funeral today by O spe-
ctal committee. while yesterdays seS-
sion was adjourned out Of respect to his
memory.
Woodbridge LangdOn Bank Officers.
The following directors were re-elec.-
ed at the annual meeting of the Wood
ridge-Langdon Savings q Commercial
Bank yesterday: H. P. Baldwin, j. P.
Benfer, r. John Boechs, M. o. Bull,
r. S. Campbell, c. u Edwards, Ora E.
Haines, j. H. Harwood. A. 8. Anderson,
J. B. Higdon, j. l.. Knopp, T. S. Mallon,
e. l. Norris, w. s. PLACER w. B. Put
nam. John B. Bubino. S. S. Symons
and Kenneth Vieth. A. S. Henderson
is president of the bank. which is To-
Gated at 2027 Rhode Island avenue
northeast.
Noted In Financial District.
John Poole. president Of the Federal
American National Bank d Trust Co,
has returned from his vacation which
he passed at Eaglesmere, Pa.
S. w. Miller. assistant treasurer Of
ITY,s@ l. a~SwS I'D
cation at Ocean Grove. N. j.
NJ. F. Showalter assistant cashier of
the Commercial National Bank, re-
turned recently from several weeks
tour OF Europe. during which time he
visited England, France, Switzerland,
Holland and Belgium
SSfeway Stores, Inc with which The
Sanitary Grocery Co. is affiliated, re-
ports August sales of $l7,543.776, a de-
crease of SO per cent from August,
1880. Sales for the first eight months
of this year are of SIS per cent from
a year ago.
Today's Trading on Exchange.
On the Washington Stock Exchange
today the opening sale was a $1,000
transfer of Washington Gas IS, series A,
l03a4 A 500 sale of Washington Gas IS
was recorded at 1865 and q $500 sale
of Washington Railway & Electric As at
1884,. Trading in stocks was confined
to Potomac Electric Power 6 per cent
preferred at lib and the Si2 per cent
preferred at 1905.
The unlisted securities were called
off and few changes noted. The bid
on Washington Base Ball stock was
advanced to 81 and the asked price
on District Title Insurance Co. stock
advanced point to 80.
Washington clearing house figures
for today, $3,868, 0l6.44.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
SOVIET CROP REPORT.

MOSCOW, U. s. S. R., September II
(SpeciaD The crop report for the
entire Soviet Union, ending September
5, shows that $4,000, 900 acres Of
cereals were sown, of which 70, l86, 900
acres were threShed and 62,887, 900
stacked, leaving the grain in 1885,
900 acres lying in the fields.
Efforts are being concentrated to
save the latter, which is already be-
ing ruined by rain and the early cold
weather in many sections.
(Copyright, 1914
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
AUGUST BOND CALLS
LARGEST SINCE 1929

Bond issues called in whole or in part
in August totaled $l37,978,484, the
largest amount reported for any month
since November, 1929, according to the
Standard Statistics Co. Public utility
bonds accounted for $l18,564, 290 Of this
total and industrial bonds for $14,622,-
S84. The detailed figures given below
cover the first eight months OF the last
three years.
First eight months:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
Will Retain Employees.

NEW YORK, September IL (P.-
Directors of the Rubber Manufacturers
Association, Inc, have unanimously
adopted resolution recommending that
all rubber manufacturers maintain their
present forces. even If a reduction in
houys becomes necessary. This policy
would apply to all classes of employees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
NEW YORK BANK STOCKS

Girls earn higher examination marks
in history, English composition and
modern languages than boys, while boys
excel in mathematics and sciences, ac-
cording to records compiled in England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
Percentage Sales Comparisons.

The TACT GnaC washington mace SUCH
a good showing In the first eight
months of 1881 when compared with
other cities in the fifth district. will
cause no great surprise when the rec
ords of the other months SO far this
year are recalled
Sales by Reserve District.
Details showing that the fifth Fed
eral Reserve district department store
sales have declined the least Of any OF
the IL districts are presented In the
monthly report made today by the
Federal Reserve Board at Is head Of
fee here. AS noted above the Rich
mond and St Louis areas head the list.
Chicago Is third.
Preliminary figures on the value OF
department store sales show an increase
from July to August OF somewhat less
than the estimated seasonal amount.
The Federal Reserve Boards index,
which makes allowance both for num-
Der of business days and for usual sea-
Sonal changes was 80 in August, on
the basis of the 1923-1925 average as
100. compared with 81 in July and IS in
June.
In comparison with year ago the
value of sales for August, according
to the preliminary figures. was IL per
cent smaller. The aggregate for the
first eight months of the year was
per cent smaller.
Percentage decreases from year ago
follow:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
Money To Loan

Secured by first deed Of trust on real estate.
Prevailing interest and commission.
Joseph |. Weller s tiS wash 81 I T wv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11
Percentage decreases from year ago
Exchange Honors Foraker.

august figures preliminary: in most dts
trlcts the month had the same number OF
business days this year and last year
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-11

Continued On Page 141.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23
BY PHIL FRANKFELD.

PREPARATIONS are proceeding apace for the
State Wide Hunger March to Springfield
Ill. on June 18th to 14th. In the So. Illinois
coal fields a series of mass meetings are being
organized workers organizations visited and I'm
employed Branches being built. A number of
organizations having already endorsed the Hun
ger March, and elected delegates to the State
Convention to be held in Springfield on June IA
Amongst the miners, the question of unem-
ployment is a burning one. The problem of I'M
employment is nothing new amongst the coal
miners. Tens Of thousands of miners have
been thrown out of the industry-permanently
as a result of INFLAMMATION of the mines Mr.
John L. Lewis once declared: THAT there we're
100000 coal miners too maryland together
with the coal operators, proceeded to get rid Of
the Surplus" miners. The mining industry has
been in chronic state of crisis.
But now the situation is intensified greatly
The present crisis has hit the mining industry
with particular fury. The crisis continues to
deepen and grow, especially in the soft coal
fields (as we'll as in the anthracite). The st.
Louis Post Dispatch stated that "for the first
90 working days in 1881, production declined
by So per cent as compared with 1880. This is
the lowest production figure for the past ten
years"
Today, whole mining towns unemployed.
in others, the vast majority of miners are job
less Some mines have been down for years,
others for 1918 months, and others for period
of 3 to months.
Starvation, misery. poverty have tremendously
increased in the past period. Until now, Ger
tain amount of relief" work was carried on by
the United Sharities, Red Cross, and Salvation
Army. This relief work was simply question Of
handing out crumbs to the niners-to keep body
and soul together. 1t was the substitution of
process of slow starvation for either militant
action on the part of the miners TO get the
necessities of life for themselves and family
or to die as result Of starvation. This gentle,
Christian" capitalist country prefers to be del
icate" about the manned Of its wage slaves dy-
ing amidst plenty So-when two miners chill
dren were found dead last winter in johnson
City-it was found that they had died from
"nalnutrition meaning plain starvation
Whole mining communities are in stage of
becoming pauperizedl No work. can be found
anywhere or even bought The miners come to
look at the 50 or $3.50 "relief"-as they are
getting in Christopher from the Salvation Army
as a means of getting by. Decentralization and
passivity reigns supreme. little fishing a little
truck farming. come in TO help along But
capitalism today. is tending to develop mess
of paupers--lnseraby destitute and itnpoveiish-
ed workers. without any possible means of sell
ing their labor-power, and dependent upon the
lousy handouts OF charity as means of ex-
istence. This can be clearly seen in the coal
fields.
The capitalist newspapers report that even the
fake charities are closing down. and cutting
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23
What the III. Miners Will
March for, on June 12-14

off relief" From Pana, Ill., the report for
May 9th states that "Pana Food Distribution
Ends. Chairman Brown of the local United
Charities announces that food and clothes dis
tributions has ended in Pana From Harris
burg, ILL., where fully two-thirds of the miners
are JobleSs, the newspapers of May 9th an
nounce; Relief Funds Exhausted Charity Of
flee at Harrisburg closed The Red Cross in
Christopher, Ill, has stopped its relief" to the
miners there This town is also hard hit by
unemployment.
An appeal appears in the st. Louis Post-Ds-
patch as follows; Asks for Food and Garden
seed for needy farmers. Mrs. Franciscus an
nounces that other aid is lessening in district
southwest of city EST. Louis)." Further on, this
same news item states: MANY families of
miners have been unable to plant gardens and
have been living green's gathered in the
woods" MAY 10 issue of Dispatch). Yes many
miners have been gathering greens in the woods
to live.
Summer will soon be here, production will
decline further, many more mines will close,
more miners will be ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS mis-
cry and starvation for a greater number of
miners
The unemployed workers of Illinois will march
to Springfield The miners, too, will march! They
have lots to march for.
The miners of Eldorado, Harrisburgh, Marion,
johnson City w. Frankfort zeigler, Christopher,
Buckner, Benton Pana, etc. will march against
unemployment and hunger on June 18th to 14th.
The miners will march against the danger of
becoming paupors!
The miners of Illinois will march against the
miserable handouts called relief" given to them
by the Salvation Army Red Cross, United Char
tiles Against the 81 or $3.50 a week to live
on for themselves and their fanliesl
The miners of Illinois will march against
the meals Of greens gathered in the woods"
Against unemployment and the system that
breeds unemployment! Against being forced to
set up committees that go begging from store
to store, and house to house,
The Illinois miners will march against the
vagrsncy laws that are responsible for their
being jailed OH the roads! Against the system
that forces tlrem to break into stores and steal
few cans of beans and few pounds Of Fork
for themselves and their families!
The miners of Illinois will march on June 12tl
to 14th for immediate relief and unemployment
insurance at the expense of the coal operators
and the appropriations of the county, state, and
federal governments
And while marching we must build up strong
Branches of the Unemployed; gain new recruits
for the NMU. get the best and most conscious
fighters into the ranks Of the Communist Party!
We must get the miners to understand that
they are marching against the whole system OF
present-day society which produces untold mis-
cry. suffering amongst the masses Of workers.
and on the other hand produces parasitical
1eisured class that enjoy all the good things in
1ifel
On to Springfield
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23
PARTY LIFE
Conducted by the Org. Dept. Central Com
mittee, Communist Party, U. S. A.
Section Functionaries Must
Participate in Everyday
Activities of the Units
BY LII.
National Training SCHOOL,

In an article by Comrade Flaiani, published
in the Party Life column of May 10, we read:
These tendencies lead toward the develop
ment Of the worst form of bureaucratism,
which does not serve as an example to the
membership and does not encourage the rank
and file to work. The Sections must anaIyze
this situation at once and guard against the
development of such kind of leadership In
the Units. The Unit Buros must participate
in the every day routine work of the Unit
and must also guard against functionaries
whose tendencies are that of only giving In
structions TO Others"
While it is correct that such situation exists
in some of our units in New York, one must
not stop there, however, but must go a little
further The unit functionaries develop such
an air Of superiority" and merely give nstruc-
tons to the membership without themselves
participating in the everyday routine work of
the units, because they receive instructions from
the sections In the very same manner. Our
section reps come to the units and give direc-'
ticns from above tof which was guilty MYSELF
without themselves participating actively in the
life of their own units. They are therefore de-
tached from the practical carrying out of the
decisions made by the section committee and
therefore do not know problems and difficulties
involved thus tending to be formal in their
approach. The unit buros follow the example
of the section leadership creating an unhealthy
situation in the units.
The section functionaries must not be de-
tached from the every day work of the units
and should devote at least one night to unit
work. The most experienced comrades in the
sections must give guidance TO the membership
not only by word Of mouth but in the direct
process of carrying out decisions must show
the less experienced comrades how best to do it.
In order for the Unit Buros to overcome the
disease of superiority" it is necessary for the
section functionaries to get rid of the same
nalady, thus assuring correct guidance and lead
ership
This active participation of leading Party
committees III the lower Party organs must also
apply to district functionsries in regard to sec
ton committees and central committee mem
bers in relation to district committees, wherever
conditions permit this direct contact.
The Party membership must carefully watch
such bureaucratic tendencies and in frank,
self-criticsl manner bring up and correct any
such manifesto iors nf bureaucracy.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23

Whistling In the Dark
81 yORGR

The Norfolk "Ledger-Dispatch" Of Nav IA
tries to make believe that the Negro masses are
highly satisfied with their conditions, one con-
dtion it notes without saying how it happens)
being the great majority is still without educa-
ton especially in the Southern states"
From this the wise editor concludes that the
Negro masses are too ignorant to become revo1us
tionary:
Most of them would laugh at the idea of a
revolutionary movement directed against the ex.
listing order"
Uh. huh! They would 1augh-but with ioyl
The editor goes on to argue himself out of
any anxiety: How much rebellion was n1ani-
tested by the fathers and grandfathers of the
men who compose the Negro masses, when all
the white men of the South were in the armies
of the Confederacy?"
This capitalist editor is the victim of his ou1,
class propaganda. There we're plenty of slave
reoellions, but even their history has been SUM
pressed, by the slave masters primarily with the
obhging aid of Negro bourgeois intelIectuals
However, the 'Ledger-Dispatch" editor comforts
himself with contradiction. The masses are
too ignorant" to be revolutionary-and the Me-
gro intelectuals are "too educated" So the
games off. The Negro masses are without
education" and would laugh" at revolution-
then he proceeds
That's for the masses And the leaders, the
educated men, such inspired and towering fig
ures as DR.. Notion know that hope and Justice
and help and kindness and forbearance and
tolerance for the Negroes lie along the path
they are now treading,"
oh, yeah! To be without education" because
OF Jim Crow. discrimination, and to go "along
the path they are now treading" to forced labor
as share choppers ellslaved by contracts" to be
abused and oppressed at the whim of the white
master" and to be lynched offhand or sent to
the slectric chair by such legal lynching 'bees"
as Scottsboro-all this for the Negro masses
may be approved by the INSPIRED and towering"
DR.. Motion, but the masses who "enjoy" such
Justice help, kindliness forbearance and toler-
ance' are tired of "treading that path"
That's why the capitalist editor is whistling to
keep up his spunk
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23
A New One

We happened to run across it, the louisville
American" when the sixth of a series of articles
appeared We haven't seen the first five, but
we guess we didn't mass much. Not if the fol-
lowing analysis of and remedy for the economic
crisis of capitalism is taken as criterion
Over industrialization in America at the
expense of agriculture has put us in position
Wrehe work must be supplied for approx
mately six million men, . hundred and
one remedies proposed, ernanating from
different angles and interests of our people;
but the real remedy is DEMONSTRATIONS"
Are you hungry? Go way and reforest Do
you want job? Shucks, no! What you need
is hickory tree. You can climb it and talk
matters over with the squirrels Are you home
less? You don't need any home What you need
is hedge fence!
We nominate the editor of the Louisville
American for the Pulitzer prize for monumental
jackasseS.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23

would mean to insure the death Of every one
Of them
90 He agreed to let Charlie Weems and
Clarence Norris go to trial together, thereby
sealing the death warrant of both: he placed
MOTIFS on the stand as a witness for the de-
Tense although it was already obvious that this
boy had been brutally beaten and terrorized
into the idea of saving himself by Gying out
OF it" and had been promised by TIE prosecutor
that his life would be saved if he would per-
jure himself against the others. BY this means
Rcddy ccoperated with the prosecutor by guar
anteelng death sentences for both Weeni5 and
Norris
60 He did not call or even investigate, nor
even ask for time to Investigate the rrany
known eye-witnesses;s did not even investigate
the evidence
Cd He shameessly cooperated Gas ne had
promised in open court he would with tie
prosecution by atstainiTg from Questioning the
states " tnesSes in any S;ffc.cAt way who were
clearly ting.
90 Ee did lot ONE e.p.ess cting he
court psoceetras any dcsile aor an aca,iittal,
nor any thought tAat the boys were innocent.
although he has since publicly admitted his be-
lief in their innocence.
80 he refused three times, in the three
cases to speak to the jury; he refused to ask
loI al dCqHtCdl, ana Wllell asked by the court
whether he would do so he replied in ths
presence Of the Jury III such a way as to in
dicate that the evidences given by the prostitutes
WIS sufficient and that there was nothing to
say
The LSNR and lid, being interested only In
saving the lives and liberty of the boys could
not permit the XII Klux Khan LAWYER who il
the only one the NAACP has as yet publicly
claimed as its attorney In the case. to havs
anything to do with the defense of the nine
innocent Negro boys
The LSNB calls again. as It has from the
first dsy, for united front Of all forces who
are willing to fight for the unconditional re-
lease OF the nine innocent Negro boys framed
up ct Scottsboro. We call upon the masses .~,
make it possible for the boys to have the best
possible legal defense. but at the same time call
upon the masses to realize that the only means
OF saving the boys is through the mass protest
of millions The LSNR and the lid will not
refuse any sincere offer of any group of per-
sons to help bear the burden of legal counsel
and of expenses for legal counsel to cooperate
in the fight III the courts for tile one object of
securing the release Of The ming Negro bows
condemned to death at scott3horo
LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE FOR NEGEo
RIGHTS.
B. D. AMIs, President
CYRIL BRIGGS
ROBERT MINOR,
VIM L. PATTERSON,
For the Executive COMMITTEES.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-23
OF the League OF Struggle for Negro Rights

CARELESS of race"-and then the Alabama courts
will free them This way of talking will appeal
only to persons who know nothing about Ala
bama courts or about capitalist white SUI
premacy' courts generally.
There can be no such thing as fair trial"
of Negro boys accused Of rape in an Alabama