davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1931-12-07

uG Id SOIli1SlOu SddCiOtldl 01N
Turismo, los visitantes ameri-
canos podran entrar 7 sa,ir de
la Republica este aho, sin la
mas minima dificultad.
LA Rep1blica no pondra
obstaculos enojosos e inutiles a
los visitantes, nj lie impedira "a
entrada o salida del territorio
con reglamastaciones absurdas.
PersaS puedo asegurar
r.ezngs brindaremos la
SdiaI bienvenida sino
que nade restara ell PLACER
de la vista a la Habana.
cuerpo de policias espe-
cAles que habla ingles esta es-
tie MO bajo la Jurisdiction de
la comisi6n del tourismo, y han
recibido ordenes terminates
para que los visitantes no sean
molestados en- sus recorridos
por ell territorio nacional."
Evening star., 1931-05-31

Of 725 900 cubic feet and carried beneath the
basket q 30-fcot nfebOst for use In case OF .
forced landing at sea. 1t was Loves belief that
at high attitudes there Is a constant weSt-to-
east wind blowing. and that this wind would
blow him across the TO Europe.
But his friend Joseph Henry, then secretary
Of the Smithsonian Institution. persuaded him
to test this theory over land before trying the
perilous ocean flight.
So Lowe went TO Cincinnati. taking with him
o smaller belloon. and on the 2oth Of April,
1851 "a few days after the Civil War StartedD,
made astounding flight Of 500 miles from
the Ohio city to the seashore Of South Caro-
lima in exactly hours.
That proved his theory. but the stopped
all plans for q transa tlsntic flight. It Is told
that he had hard time getting out cf South
Carolina and back 10 the North. but finally
managed TO do 80, taking his balloon
with him.
The valve from that balloon later placed
in one of the Civil War gas bags and today
1t is q circular piece Of wood and brass about
the size Of pie plate. The valve rests in the
top of a balloon with q cord running down
through the beg to the basket, and when the
aeronaut has TO valve" gas he opens the valve
BY pulling the cord.
After he phenomenal 500-mile n;ght Lowe
took this same balloon (the Enterprise) and
went to washington June S, 1861, TO offer
his services to the Union Army. At FIRST he
got little attention Finally, through the influ-
ence of Prof. Henry, he enabled TO make .
preliminary demonstration at the Capital.
The balloon was inflated from one of the city
gas mains and Lowe made repeated ascensons
from the Smithsonian grounds and even from
Evening star., 1931-05-31

one Oh tncSe HlBntS ne eStdDllSnt0 tcIckidPhAS
communication between a balloon and the earth
for the first time in history and while at an
elevation Of LOCO feet sent message 10 the
President.
IN June 81. 1861 Lowe was directed by
- Capt whipple OF the Typographical Enei-
neers to take his balloon from Washington to
Arlington across the Potomac. 1t wss inflated
from the gas mains In Washington and towed
TO Its destination. ted to q wagon.
The next morning orders came to take 1t
from Arlington to Falls Church, Va. The enemy
was not far away, and the wagon moved
the balloon was let up by ropes to ascertain
that 1t was safe to proceed. Confederate
scouting party seeing the balloon and supposing
that a large force accompanied it, beat hasty
retreat.
That was the Air Services first victory In the
Civil War. the first Of long string of sue
cesses. The balloon was kept in constant use
at Falls Church for two days and then taken
back to Washington. Despite its apparent value,
1t stin was not adopted for military use.
Nearly q month later q report was circulated
In Washington that the enemy was marching
in force upon the Capital. There wss great
excitement Lowe took his balloon over into
Virginia went up on q free flight noated
directly over the enemy territory around Manas-
sas and found that the reports were untrue.
The result of his observations published in
Washington, restored confidence.
Having obtained his view of the enemy, Lowe
rose to the great height of three and half
miles, found a wind that would blow him back
east and when the Potomac bsgan to
descend. But within a mile of the earth the
Evening star., 1931-05-31
By E 7

OUtIOOHS "NO''S '''S O'O''"N
'nrcraft carrier" The Macy Mccessfl
later in the attack on Island No. 10 ~
Union troops began shooting at him. thinking
he was a Confederate.
Il descended near enough TO hear the
whistling of the bullets and the shouts Of the
soldiers to show my colors,' " Lowe later wrote.
Having no flag with him. he sailed ON and
landed about 10 miles away, completely outside
of the Union picket lines. But luckily he was
not captured and Yankee soldiers brought his
balloon back to Washington. Still Lowe had
not convinced the Army generals that his bal
loon could be of any value in the military opera
tions that we're then beginning.
Although Lowe does not record 1t In his
official report to the War Department, 1t Is
definitely known that only through the inter-
vention of President Lincoln himself was the
balloon finally adopted.
Lowe made two fruitless visits to Gen. VIM
field Scott, commanding general Of the armies.
Then he went to Lincoln and the President
wrote a note to Scott, asking him ito please see
Prof. Lowe once more about his balloon" That
note of Lincolns (the Originally 10 now in the
Smithsonian.
But Scott even ignored that and oU the toVvth
Evening star., 1931-05-31


few people arc aware that there was
an Air Service in the Civil War.
But indeed there was. and War Department
files contain few accounts Of wartime operations
more startling stirring than the history Of
the Federal Balloon Corps. For instance did
you know:
That shots fired by the Confederates at
Union balloon fell closer TO the United States
Capitol than any other shots ever fired?
That the Federals had six balloons land
maybe mcre) which participated in any number
Of battles around washington, Richmond and
Fredericksburg and made almost daily ascen-
sions for more than two years?
That the chief of the Union Air Service was
q civilian who after two years OF faithful and
dangerous service finally became SO dieusted
with Army red tape that he quit in the middle
of the war?
That this same man. Just at the beginning
OF the Civil War was getting ready for a trans
atlantic balloon fight and that he made bal
loon trip from Cincinnati to the South Carolina
coast-5Oo miles-in nine hours?
That the Air Service then had the same
bitter fight for recognition q military asset
that 1t has had in recent years? And that 1t
finally took a personal visit from President
Lincoln to the commanding general OF the
Union Armies before balloons were adopted
for military use?
THAT the Confederates, constantly Jealous OF
the Federals' balloons but too poor to con-
struct one themselves finally sent out call
for silk dresses, which were converted mCo
balloon at Richmond?
And that shortly after, the balloon was cap
tured by the Union forces. the capture being
termed by q Southern general the "meanest
tyick Of the war, taking the last silk dress In
the Confederacy"?
That the first accurately determined indirect
FIRE made at objects which could not be seen
tho
the Civil War?
Few people know these things. and yet they
are true Interest in the history of Civil war
aeronautcs was recently rearoused by the pres
entation to the Smithsonian Institution at
Washington of several relics of the balloon OF
prof Thaddeus S c. Lowe chief aeronaut of
the Union Army and later the founder OF
Loves Observatory in California.
The presentation was made by Loves grand
children now living in Norristown, Pa. Al
though good deal of the aeronaut's ClVn war
correspondence and records are in the hands
Of the family War Department files contain
complete history of loves balloon participation
in the Civil War in the form of report made
by Lowe himself to the then Secretary OF war.
Lowe was born in jefferson, N. H, on August
20 1892 When but "a he began building BAL
looms in order to study atmospheric phenom-
ena From the beginning Of his areal career
10 the end he was scientific investigator and
inventor-the man of science rather than the
heroic daredevil.
OWE had experimental with balloons for 10
l. wears before the Civil War broke out and
in 1859 built balloon (the largest in the world
at that time) for transatlantic flight
some people may think am insane rash
sr seeker after fame Lowe wrote at the
time, but such is not the case. I have for
two wears cooily considered the subject and
have provided for every contingency.
hall no
named the Greet Western, had . gas capacity
Evening star., 1931-05-31

lew people Of this age. in which aviation
has become commonplace and by
word know what an important and
thrilling part the Air Service played in
the winning OF the Civil War. In fact,
few people arc aware that there was
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Mrs. Thomas Wilson of Spokane
arrived in the city Thursday and is
the house guest of Mrs. d. j. How
ard.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09
Masons and Eastern
Stars To Hold Annual
ConcIave Next Week

Seattle will be host next week
for the annual sessions of the Most
Worshipful United Grand Lodge of
Free and Accepted Masons and the
United Grand Chapter Order of East
ern Star. The Masons will convene
in their 2Sth annual communication
and the Eastern Star order will meet
for their 18th annual session. Jo-
seph T. Simms of Yakima, grand
master will preside over the sessions
of the Masons and Mrs. Elizabeth
Hipshur of Seattle, grand matron
will direct the sessions of the grand
chapter. The Masons will hold their
sessions in the Masonic Hall at 21st
avenue and f. Jefferson street. The
Eastern Star sessions will be held
at Grace Presbyterian Church. Daily
sessions begin at q. m. Both or
ders will Join in a service Sunday
night at Mt. Zion Baptist Church to
hear a sermon by the Rev. J. Sterl-
ing Moore. On Monday night re-
ception and entertainment for dele
gates and visitors will be held at
Merricks Hall, Broadway at Madison
st. Adams Orchestra has been en-
gagged to furnish the music. On
Tuesday there will be an auto tour
of the city. The two organizations
will close their session Wednesday
with election of officers.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09
Scottsboro Case Theme
For Mass Meetings

Two mass meetings to arouse in
terest in the defense of nine colored
youths under sentence in Scottsboro,
Ala, will be held in Seattle this
week under auspices of the United
Front Scottsboro Campaign commit
tee of the International Labor De-
tense and League Of Struggle for
Negro Rights.
Richard Moore, National Negro
director of the International Labor
Defense will be the principal speak
er at the meetings to be held Fri
day and Sunday. Friday night the
meeting will be held in Ingram Hall,
1920 First avenue. Sunday at 2
p. M, the meeting will be held in
Masonic Hall, 21st avenue and JEFF
ferson street. Moore is well known
labor organizer and fluent speaker.
He is on a tour of the country arous-
ing interest in the Scottsboro case.
Nine colored youths are facing death
in an electric chair in Scottsboro,
Ala, where they were given a flimsy
trial on a charge of rape. Evidence
has been produced strongly indicat-
ing their innocence. Throughout
the country white and colored work
ers are holding protest meetings over
this case of Southern injustice. Sc
attic colored workers are especially
urged to attend the meetings Fri
day night and Sunday afternoon and
hear facts of the Scottsboro case
told by Richard Moore, Negro direc-
tor of the International Labor De-
fense
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Keep off date August 3, Elk's
Annual Picnic at Peoples Park, Rem
ton Junction.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Miss Georgina Spencer of Tacoma
and Miss Verdict Burdine of Yakima
are house guests of Mrs. L. Buffins
at the Douglas Apartments.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

The Rev. and Mrs. G. F. Martin,
Mrs. Thomas Wilson and Mrs. d. J.
Howard and daughters spent the
Fourth of July at Maple Valley Park.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Mrs. George W. Sneed entertained
the Lone Star Art Club Friday for
Mrs. Hattie Harris. The next meet
ing will be with Mrs. Hattie Jack
son, 7045 18th N w.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Chandler, At
torney and Mrs. Dean E. Hart, Mr.
and Mrs. N. S. Jackson, motored to
Soap Lake, for the week end.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09
Three Colored Deaths In
Seattle During June

OF the 315 deaths In Seattle dur
ing June only three were of colored
persons. This is the lowest mortal
ity record for June since 1925. Two
of the three deaths were male adults.
Two of the funerals were conducted
by the Angelus, Inc, Seattle's colored
mortuary company.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Complimenting Mesdames L. A.
Stanton, Mary E. Nation, Cornelia
J. Smith and Miss Susie M. Lott, Mr..
and Mrs. w. w. Casmon entertain
ed with breakfast Sunday at their
home. Covers were laid for ten. Fol-
lowing the breakfast the visitors en-
joyed an auto trip to points of inter-
est throughout the city.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09
JOHN NESPIT

The body Of John Nespit was Gre
mated by the county Tuesday. Nes-
pit died June "a in Harbor View
Hospital. He was AZ years old and
born in Altoona. Penn, where rela-
tives reside. He was barber en-
ployed at the New System Barber
Shop, 800 Morgan Ave. He resided
in Seattle one year.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09
Seattle Notes and Gossip
Miss Sadie McIver, Reporter
sol Mcdowell Building

After several years residence in
Seattle Mrs. Fred NJ. James and son
Fred Jr., are leaving this Thursday
for California to reside in Vallaio,
where Mr.. James is stationed on the
U. s. s. Chicago.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Friends of Mrs. Art Smith win be
sorry to learn that she was called
to Oklahoma City on account of the
death of her sister, Mrs. Louia Arm
strong. She will reopen the Cafe
on her return.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Inc Rev. ana MIS-. u. r. Mdrlln,
Mrs. Thomas Wilson and Mrs. d. J.
Howard and daughters spent the
Fourth of July at Maple Valley Park.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. ID. Hemphill of
Spokane left Wednesday after spend
ing few days with Mr.. and Mrs.
G. r. Harvey. Mr.. and Mrs. Har-
vey entertained their guests with
lawn party Tuesday evening. Hon
oring Mr.. and Mrs. ]. d. Hemphill
of Spokane, Mrs. Margaret McShann
entertained with a family dinner
Sunday at her home. On the arrival
of Mr.. and Mrs. j. d. Hemphill, In
the city. they were taken for an
auto ride by Mr.. and Mrs. c. Miller
to points Of interest throughout the
city.
Go to the polls Monday and vote
against the recall.
Mrs. N. G. Miller entertained with
dinner Monday evening at her home
complimenting the Rev. and Mrs. S.
M. Harden, who recently returned
from California. Rev. and Mrs. Har-
den have taken an apartment at the
Douglas.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. M. Dent enter
tanned with dinner honoring Mrs. w.
d. Carter during her recent visit
here. The table was beautifully ap-
pointed with pink as the predomin-
ating color. Covers were laid for
ID.
Mrs. Lizzie Brown was hostess at
breakfast at her home Thursday in
honor of Mrs. l.. A. Stanton, Mrs.
M. K. Nation. Mrs. C. j. Smith and
Miss s. M. Lott. Covers were laid
for eight.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Holden and
family motored to Yakima and spent
the week end visiting relatives and
friends.
Miss Margaret Wilson. who has
made her home here since March.
will leave Saturday on the S. S.
Emma Alexander for San Diego, Cal.
She will be gone for an indefinite
period.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1931-07-09

Honoring Mrs. Leans Stanton. her
daughter, Mrs. MARY E. Nation and
Mrs. Cornelia J. Smith and Miss
Susia NJ. Lott of Birmingham, Ala,
the Missionary Society of Mt. Zion
Church held an informal reception
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Angus
rus Brown on Monday evening. Mrs.
Stanton, who is former vice-presi-
dent of the Missionary Society, is
leaving for Birmingham to be gone
indefinitely. Forty guests called
during the receiving hours.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-10-08
PAGE THREE

the property included in the town OF.
Mountain Lake Park, and by implica~-
ton repeats many provisions of its
charter. Many deeds have been filed
as exhibits to the bill which contains
the restrictions and conditions on
which the conyeyances were made. 1t
is not within the power of the Legis-
lature to strike down such provisions
nor do / understand that the Act of
1881 pretends to do it. That such
conditions and covenants as are con-
tanned in these deeds are enforceable
has long and frequently been held in
this State.
1t is not within the power of the
Mayor and Councilmen of Mountain
Lake Park to interfere with the condi-
tons and covenants contained in the
deeds of the lot owners at Mountain
Lake Park. That is judicial ques-
ton and this court is the place where
the property rights of those whose
rights might be invaded can be deter
mined. But this question has not
arisen, and if the parties respect each
others rights it may never arise.
For the reasons assigned 1 am Of
the opinion that the Act of 1881,
Chapter $40, was the valid exercise
of legislative power and the defend
ants demurrer will be sustained, the
injunction refused and the bill dis
missed.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-10-08

avoid the possibility of such mischief
both acts of Assembly could not be al
lowed to exist at the same time. In
my opinion the two Acts of 1888 and
1881 covered the same subject matter
and the enactment of the one and the
repeal of the other were properly in
cluded in the Act of 1881, Chapter $40.
2. The plaintiffs also allege that
the Act of 1881, Chapter $40, is in
valid because of it's franchise clause
providing qualifications of voters.
They are probably right when they
say they never heard of any qualifi-
cations as broad as to permit the
"wives and or husbands and children
of property owners who are 81 years
of age or over" to vote. But whether
it is unusual is not the question. The
only thing to be decided here is
whether the Legislature had the right
to name such qualifications. 1t has
been decided by the Court of Appeals
that the constitutional provision Ar
ticle 1, Section 1, has no application
to municipal corporations other than
Baltimore City. In Hanna v. Young,
"a Md. 181, it is said: whilst the
Constitution, Article 8, Section 48, au-
thorizes and empowers the General
Assembly to create corporations for
municipal purposes it nowhere prohib-
it's the Legislature from imposing
upon the qualified voters residing
within the corporate limits of town
any reasonable restrictions it may
deem proper when seeking the exer-
else of the elective franchise in the
! selection of its officers. In this re-
spect the power of the Legislature is
unlimited.
We regard it as an unreasonable in
ference to suppose that municipal
elections held within the State Tout
side the corporate limits of Baltimore
City, can be properly termed elections
under the Constitution such as State
and county elections; or that the
trainers of the Constitution ever con-
templated that Article I, Section 1,
of that instrument was intended to ap-
ply to municipal elections such as the
one now under consideration, which is
the mere creature of statutory enact
ment.
In the creation of a new municipal
ity the constitution devolves upon the
General Assembly the entire duty of
giving vitality to and of organizing
and fostering the body corporate,
without any other constitutional reg
ulation than the mandate to provide
for the system itself. 1t is therefore
the mere creature of legislative sane
ton and the subject of statutory reg
ulation.
A constitution is limitation upon
the power and authority of legisla-
ture, and unless the exercise of power
by it be restricted, limited or defined
the courts cannot interfere. In the
absence of a provision in the Consti-
tuition regarding voting qualifications
at municipal elections (outside OF
Baltimore City, the courts cannot
prescribe them. It is legislative
function and the remedy is with the
Legislature alone. 1 am therefore OF
the opinion that the provision in the
Act of 1881 covering the qualifica-
tons of voters is not invalid.
8. Complaint is also made that the
Act destroys certain vested rights OF
the Mountain Lake Park Association
| the corporation which developed all
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-10-08

ing for a referendum thereon" The
plaintiffs contend that if the Act of
1888 and its amendments can be re-
pealed (Which they question: it can
only be done by separate Act of AS
sembly. If the Act of 1881 is incon-
sistent with that of 1888 and its sub
ject matter not germane to it, the
plaintiffs contention would be sound;
and if they are right it might not be
possible for the Legislature to incor-
porate a municipality having jurisdic-
ton over the territory known as
Mountain Lake Park, though the Con-
stitution of Maryland, Article 3, Sec
ton 48, authorizes the formation by
special act of interpretations for "mu-
nicipal purposes. "The Legislature
has the power to create municipal
corporations, to amend their charters,
enlarge or diminish their powers, ex-
tend or limit their boundaries, consol-
idate two or more into one, override
their legislative action whenever it
is deemed unwise, impolitic or unjust,
and even abolish them altogether in
the legislative discretion"
In view of the constitutional pro-
vision, the power of the Legislature to
create new municipal corporation at
Mountain Lake Park cannot be dis
puted, even if the Community of
Mountain Lake Park has not been dis
turbed.
But are the two acts of incorpora-
ton inconsistent? And is the repeal
of the Act of 1888 and its amend
ments the logical sequence of the Act
of 1881 creating the municipality
The Acts relating to the Community
of Mountain Lake Park, even though
Section 2 does say "the said Commu-
nifty is not to have, possess or acquire
any political franchises whatsoever
nor any of those powers ordinarily
distinguishing public or municipal
corporations from corporations or as.
sociations merely private" do invest
the Community with powers only ex-
ercised by municipal corporations,
namely: to exercise certain police
powers, pass ordinances to enforce
sanitary measures, license vehicles
make, improve and care for roads
bridges, etc., and to levy and collect
taxes, the officer or person collecting
IIle LAKES W nave oil IiS pOWCIo VI
the county tax collector in so doing
These are all ordinary powers, in fact
are the principal functions of munic-
ipality. The Legislature to avoid dou-
Bile taxation and conflict of authority
could not consistently incorporate the
municipality without bringing to ar
end the Community as created by the
Act of 1888 and it's amendments.
The Constitution (Article 8, Section
4S) provides that "All charters grant
ed or adopted in pursuance of this
section may be altered from
time to time or repealed" and unless
rights of property have become vested
under the charter, which l fail tc
find from these proceedings, the Leg
islature which created the Community
of Mountain Lake Park could repeal
it's act of Incorporation. Suppose the
Legislature had passed the Act Of
1881 and had failed to pass an act re.
pealing the Act of 1888 and its
amendments, as might readily have
happened. There would then be two
corporations of substantially the
same character exercising municipa
authority over small town. tt