davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
Fat M en-

Mr.. w. r. Daniels of Richmond
Hill, N. Y. City, writes, Have fin
ished my second bottle of Kruschen
Salts-Results = Removed 3 inches
from the waistline-am $50 more
active-mind is clear-skin eruptiOns
feel 20 years younger"
To lose fat take one half teaspoon
of Kruschen Salts in a glass of hot
water before breakfast every morn
ing-an IS cent bottle lasts weeks
Get it at Pine City Agent, Pro-
chaska's NPharmacy and Sandstone
Agent, Sandstone Drug Co. and Hinck-
ley Agent, Hinckley Drug Co., or any
other drug store in America. If not
joyfully satisfied after the first bot
tle-money back.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
KINGSDALE

Mrs. Chas. Abrahamson and Mrs.
Elmer Olson of Lindstrom, and Miss
Lucille Thorsander of Minneapolis
visited at the Arthur and Chas. vi
deem homes the first of the week.
Mrs. A. Widen returned with them
Monday for a weeks visit with rela-
tives at Lindstrom.
Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Oman mo-
tored to Kandiyoki Wednesday, re-
turning Thursday where they visi-
ted at the Emil Oman home.
The c.. A. Lund family moved here
from Markville last week. They are
living in the old hotel.
E. o. Ekberg returned from Web
ster yesterday, after visiting with
friends and relatives there for a few
days.
Jens Evenson left for starbuck,
last week.
Mrs. A. Seilitz returned to Web
Lake, where she is employed Satur-
day, after spending few days at her
home here.
Mrs. A. Abrahamson was a Satur-
day afternoon caller at the Oman
home.
w. E. Kavanaugh left for Mime
apolis last week, where he will re-
main for sometime.
Olaf Benson of Loretta, stopped
here on his way to Denham last week
He will visit with his daughter, Mrs
F. Barton and his sons, Arnold and
Archie, for a short while at Denham
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
PINE COUNTY REAL
ESTATE TRANSFERS
Prepared by P. L. Hamlin,
Register of Deeds.


Register of Deeds.
w. D.-Peter T. Ildved and wife to
H. c. Miller. Cons. S1.0O. VIZ OF
NE4 of Sec. 10 and Lot of NEA OF
Sec. 1O-43-21. Pine Lake.
w. DIP. p. Kilstofte and wife and
Hedge Kilstofte and wife to Holger B.
Kilstofte. Cons. $1.OO. Part of Block
3, Partridge. (Now Askov).
w. D.-Hans C. Jepsen to Betty C.
Wingerberg. Cons. $4,000. NJ oi
Lot IL in Block 10, Sandstone Quar-
ries.
w. Deity C. Wingerberg to
Anna T. Wolfe. Cons. $1.OO. N.Y. OF
Lot IL in Block 10, Sandstone Quar-
ries.
w. DR.. G. Ingraham and wife to
Betty c. Wingerberg. Cons. $1.OO.
Lot in Block 9, Sandstone Quarries.
Deity C. Wingerberg to Anna
T. Wolfe. Cons. S1.00. Lot in Block
9, Sandstone Quarries.
w. D.-Sigurd ]. Simonsen and wife
to John Jensen. Cons. S1.O0. NEA
of Sec. 30-43-1S. Fleming.
w. D.-Edward Skalicky and wife
TO Louis Novy. Cons. $4350. So OF
SEA of Sec. 9-40-21. Mission
Greek.
w. D.-Della C. Blomquist and wife
TO 'Brongavara Vanango. Cons. $1Ot
SEA of NE74 and NEA of SEA- OF
Sec 12-44-21. Bremen.
w. D.-Richard ]. Lewis and wife
to Gust A. Nyberg. Cons. S1.OO. SEA
OF SEA of Sec. 5-45-19. Part OF
unplatted portion of Govt. Lot Z, Lot
.25 in 1927 Add. to Pine Grove Plat
and the Westerly 14.7 fit. of Lot II
in Pine Grove Plat. Also Lot II in
Pine Grove Plat less part. All of the
above being in Sec. 5-45-19. Win
.demere.
w. D.-Joseph Fried and wife to
Michael Sengir. Cons. $500. Lots 2
and of Sec. 12-44-20. Kettle
River.
Deed.-Northern Pacific Railway
Co. to Peter o. Haug. Cons. $40. E1a
of SEA of Sec. 2S-39-22. Pokegama.
Q. D.-John Wesley to James Vese-
ly. Cons. $500. Pine City. NWA
of NW14 of Sec. 16-3S-2O, and SWA
of SW4 of Sec. $500.
Adm. D.-J. D. Boyle as Admin
strator of the estate of Nora Nordrum,
decedent, to liver Nordrum and others,
Cons. $3.50. Und. 1-12th of So Of
NW14 of Sec. 33-39-2O. Pine City,
Tax D.-State of Minnesota to Ed
win Falk. NEA of SW4 and NWA
of SW4; SEA of SW4 and SW14 Of
SW14 of Sec. 2S-41-17. Ogema.
Q. D.-Martin Gormley and wife to
Elizabeth McInerny. Cons. 81. SEA
of SEA of Sec. S-42-16. Arna.
Q. D.-William H. A. Koehler and
wife to State Bank of Mound. 81.
So of NE4 of Sec. 21-42-1S. Dan
forth.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06

Ques.-J. D. L.: What are the chem
ical elements composing the human
body?
.Ans.-The approximate chemical
analysis of man feet inches in
height, weighing 14S pounds would be:
Oxygen. 92.4 pounds; hydrogen, LAG
pounds; carbon, BIG; nitrogen, 4.6;
phosphorus. Ia; calcium, 2.S; sulphur,
O24; chlorine, 1.12; sodium, 0.12; iron,
1O2; potassium, 0.34; magnesium, 0.04;
flourine, O.O2; total 1880 pounds.
Ques.-R. P: Why is pin money
so called?
Ans.-The expression originally
came from the allowance which hus-
band gave his wife to purchase pins.
At one time pins were so expensive
that only the wealthy could afford
them. The manufacturers of pins
were permitted to sell them only on
January l and of each year, and
when those days came around the
women whose husbands could afford
it secured pin money from them and
went out and got their pins.
Ques.-H. R.: Where is the most
southernmost city in the world To-
Gated?
Ans.-Punta Arenas is the southern
most city in the world and is stu
ated at the extreme end of Patagonia
on the Straits of Magellan. During
the winter months it has only two
hours of daylight.
Ques.-G. M: Why do some people
consider it unlucky to light three
cigarettes off one match?
Ans.-This superstition probably
has it's origin in the fact that in the
old Russian funeral service three
altar candles were lighted from one
taper. 1t was considered an act of
impiety to make any other lights in
groups of three, and therefore i'll luck
would follow such an act.
Ques.-E. O.: Does the, air from
an electric fan blowing on Their
mometer affect the mercury to any
appreciate extent. If so, does it
rise or fall?
Ans.-According to the Bureau of
Standards, air from an electric fan
blowing on a thermometer will have
no essential effect on the mercury.
If a very sensitive thermometer is
placed in front of the fan the mer-
curry will rise slightly due to the fact
that the air passing the motor be-
comes a little warmer.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
CLOVER TOWNSHIP

A large number OF people OF Ogema
and this vicinity gathered at the "A"
school house Monday evening to hear
the Rev. Paul Hendricks of Hinckley.
Pat Brennan is employed at the G..
Thompson farm.
Mr.. and Mrs Leonard Robertson
and family of ST. Paul. visited from
Tuesday until Saturday of last week
at the home of the formers brother,
c. ]. Robertson.
Mr. and Mrs. Fred Brown and fam
lily spent Sunday afternoon at the
Henry alderman home.
Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Odeen of Fries
land, and the Clyde Daley family
spent Sunday with the Fred Golf fam
lily.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. Thompson, Mr.. and
Mrs. Geo. Alters, Pat Brennan and
Miss Ruby Hartman all motored to
Sandstone Saturday night to attend
the Berg dance.
Harold Hamm went to the Twin
Cities Tuesday.
Roswell Blankenship and friend
of Mora, called at the Ed Thorn home
Sunday.
Mrs. Alters of Arlone and her
brother, Orville Hartman, called at the
Hamm and Thompson homes Satur-
day.
Virginia Eastman of Duluth, is
spending two weeks at the Robertson
home.
Raymond and Lawrence Irons
threshed clover for Harry Hendricks
last week.
Mrs. Emma Stevens and children
visited the C. Rasmussen family Sun
day afternoon.
Sunday afternoon callers at the
Chas. Robertson home were Mrs.
Lasher of Montana, Mrs. Nina Daley
and son, Ray, and daughter, lila; also
Mr.. and Mrs. AL Seeger and children
and Mr.. and Mrs. Becker and Lee
Aydt of st. Paul. Mrs. Lasher is a
sister of Mrs. Daley and is spending
some weeks with her.
Walfred Nelson was a dinner guest
Sunday at the home of his brother,
Gust Nelson.
Miss La Rue Neuhring is i'll and
was taken to Hinckley last week,
where she is under a doctors care
All are glad to hear she is improving
Thomas Frankson, former lieuten-
ant governor, and son, John, of ST.
Paul, called at the Chas. Robertson
home last week.
Little George Alters is spending the
remainder of his vacation with his
grandmother, Mrs. Gordon Thompson.
Mrs. F. Sacres mother, Mrs. ]. M.
Demory, and Mrs. Chas. Sacre and
son, Wilbur, all of Indianola. Iowa,
spent a week at the Sacre home.
When they returned to Iowa Mrs. F.
Sacre accompanied them and spent a
week. She returned to her home Sum
day.
Arthur Hastings and daughter, Aud
rey, and Mrs. Hinshaw of New Provi-
dence, Iowa, and Mr.. and Mrs. ]. o.
Converse and son, John. of Minnea-
polls, spent Sunday at the Hastings
and York home. Arthur Hastings is
- cAoShOA oIu wi .. I1lISHdW ID SISloT
of the late Geo. Hastings. The Emery
Huntley family of Ogema, also spent
Sunday at the Hastings home.
Mrs. B. Irons and the young folks
of the family mOtored to Mahlen's
resort near Danbury, Wis, Sunday to
meet their friends, the Misses Alice
and Ruth Kockum of Minneapolis,
who are vacationing at that place.
Ben Sacre of Chicago, and his
friend, Mr.. Cowman, spent a week
at the home of Ben's parents here.
Then they accompanied Mrs. F. Sacre
and relatives to Iowa and spent a
week there.
Harold Holmes, Dorothy Lomy and
Margaret Boda of LIE Center, spent the
weekend at the Errold Holmes home.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
HARLIS

Mrs. Ed Johnson visited her sister,
Mrs. Joe LlUquist, Monday.
Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Sorenson called
at the julius Peterson home Satur-
day.
Alfred Sorenson visited Charles
Sorenson's last Thursday.
Mrs. George Sorenson returned
home last Thursday, after visiting
friends and relatives last week.
Charles Sorenson visited at the AL
bert Switzer home last week.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
KERRICK

MT. anu MIS-. ". -. w dulQulSI ouu
family were weekend visitors at
Princeton and Spectacle Lake. C. G.
Wahlquist returned to Kerrick with
them Sunday evening.
Tom Furlott of Minneapolis. is
spending a few days with the folks
at Kerrick. Tom is part owner of
the Lake Street Cash Market in Min
neapolis, doing a large business in
the grocery and meat line. Tom will
be we'll remembered by Kerrick peo-
pie as having at one time owned two
places here.
Cy Halverson returned from the
cities where he drummed up some
business. He brought a load with
him. No less than six in the car
when Cy goes, and he says ''the more
the merrier."
Lots of preparation is being made
for the Community fair; Bigger and
Better really means something with
"The Gang"
Recent rains helped spuds and
bagas a lot. One or two more rains
and we will be assured of a good
potato crop. Corn also took on a new
color after the shower.
Knestang and Nyquist are starting
threshing this week. A number are
saving their jobs for them, knowing
that they do such careful work.
An exit stairs will be built from the
gym at the school leading through
one of the front basement windows.
This is a needed protection in case
of fire. g.
Gladys Halverson and Bernice Ho-
gan, who came home over the week.
end with Cy, returned Sunday with
Phyllis and Doris Hogan.
Get all the hay you can" is good
advice, and another bit is to ''save
your straw" If farmers can hang on
to their cattle they will win out.
Help Wanted-for the Kerrick Com
munity fair. If willing to help, won't
you please list your name at the bank,
store, or any other place in town.
A lot of local people attended the
ice cream social at the Berglund
home last Thursday night. The crowd
was large and a nice return was real
lied.
S. c. Johnson and family drove to
Clarkfield and other points in the
western part Of the state and spent
few days visiting old friends.
The town board met in it's regular
session Saturday.
Tony Bartosh of the Ford Motor Co.,
spent day fishing at Oak lake last
week.
The contracting firm who had the
improvement job in front of the John
son Garage finished their work this
week and now demand their pay.
There seems to be a contest as 10
whether the grade was to be II feet
wide or IL feet and one inch, and in
all probability counsel will be hired
and kangaroo court will decide the
case on it's merits.
Melvin Hamre and family left for
Perley, where Melvin will be employed
for few months. They intend COM
ing back in the fall and build a home
in place of the one recently burned.
Vic Johnson is now established in
his garage. He expects to be open
Sundays and evenings. His lighting
plant will be put in operation as soon
as he gets time.
Art Lund resumed hauling Tuesday.
He has been laid up few days by
rain.
Chas. Ketchum has an especially
good crop of oats this year. 1t should
yield very high.
H. w. Ross and wife of Des Moines,
Iowa, are visiting at the c.. E. Nelson
home at Oak lake this week.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
SAND CREEK
(FrOm Another Correspondent

Mr.. and Mrs. o. ]. Ostberg and son
of Iron Mountain, Mich, spent from
last Thursday until Monday at the
Chas. Oberg home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Sebald and son,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ostberg and son, Mr..
and Mrs. Oberg, and Mrs. Chas. Ras-
musson and son visited Friday eve
ming at the Emil Swanson home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gust Hegberg, ALI
Holm and two sons made trip to
Duluth Sunday, returning home Sun
day evening.
Mrs. John Greenly and son, Mrs.
Asklund, and Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Mays
were visitors Sunday at the E. G..
Berry home.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
FOresighted.

Boston Transcript: John, the doc
tor has ordered me to the seashore."
why, you're not run down or tired
out are your"
"No, but l shall be by the time
get my trunks packed"
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06

''The days seem to have passed."
means an old timer, when the girls
used to jump out because the horses
acted wild"
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06
Questions and Answers

Send in your question. State whether
you wish your name or initials used.
The Askov American will try to an
swer as correctly as possible.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1931-08-06

MEET AUGUST IL
The board of county commissioners
will meet in regular session at the
court house in Pine City on Monday,
August II, at 1 o'clock p. m.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1931-05-14
Many Early Settlers Took Part
in the Indian Wars in Montana

sufficient force on the frontiers for any
real control of the Indians. One has
but to read the accounts Of the ef-
forts of the government to protect and
to keep open the Bozeman trail from
1866 to 1868, to see how greatly the
officers in command were handicapped
by reason of the small forces given
them.
AS most of the regular army soldiers
were recruited in the east, they natur-
ally did not know the ways of the
Indians as the hardy old mountain men
did. Many of them also were for
eigners who went into the army to be-
come better acquainted with the Ian
guage and the country. With the low
pay many who entered the army werv
naturally Of not very promising ma
terial, men of unsettled habits or those
who had failed to keep steady en-
ployment.
The majority of the soldiers until
they had become schooled in service
on the plains would not be as adept
in fighting or pursuing the quickly
moving Indian raiders. who were often
able to strike, get away and disband
before the soldiers could get on their
trail, as some of the plainsmen, who
were accustomed to Indian warfare.
Yet the record Of the army as a
whole in the Indian troubles is good
from a military standpoint. With the
exception of the Custer and Fetterman
disasters, they suffered no overwhelm-
ing defeat in spite Of the fact that they
were almost always greatly outnum-
bered. In such battles as that of the
Rosebud and of the Big Hole, the army
was able to extricate itself from rather
dangerous predicaments. In such in
cidents as the Wagon Box fight near
Fort Phil Kearney and the Hayfield
fight near Fort G. F. Smith, small de-
tachments OF troops fought of great
bands of Indians with q heroism and
cool judgment as great as was ever
shown by any frontier band in SINH
lar situations.
The regular army, in fact, had as
important a part to play in the de-
velopment of the west as the successive
f~ur-trader, miner, and stockman. But
for the protection given through the
scattered military posts, none of the
others could have carried on their
occupations except at great hazard and
on a limited scale.
In the early decades of the nine
tenth century, the army did q very
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1931-05-14

The train crew oiled their cars, took
a fresh engine out of the roundhouse.
and pulled out of Billings with En-
gineer James B. Harmon at the throt-
tie. At Miles City, contrary to earlier
predictions, they went through with
out interference. They knew, of course,
that the tracks were up farther east
At Forsyth the train pulled up on the
main track, and all were arrested with
out trouble.
There was a good deal of ridicule
heaped on the disarmed deputies by
the Billings press. They maintained
that, when asked where they wished
to be taken, the deputies answered,
ANY place but Butte" BY May 3 the
deputies were back, denying that either
officers or "industrials" had fired, but
accusing the citizens of Billings of be-
ing a set of jokers, who only wanted
to get a good supply of rifles for
nothing.
Hogan and Kelly were a~rraigned i'm
mediately, and released on $4,000 bonds.
Attorneys Cullen and Toole, bringing
contempt proceedings, established their
contention that they had demanded
the return OF the Northern Pacific
property at Grey Cliffe, Saltwater, and
Billings, and the defendants plea thai
they hadn't been asked for the train,
fell through. William Hogan was SEN
fenced to six months in the Lewis and
Clark county Jail. His engineers and
flremen and 40 captains were given 60
days, with no appeal permitted. The
others were brought in in squads Of &c.,
and on their promise to refrain from
stealing railroad trains, we're dismissed.
The fiasco Of the Montana army"
parallelled the failure of the rest Of
the Commonweal demonstration. A
few ragged, struggling marchers finally
appeared in Washington. They had no
integrated plan of action, and nothing
new to say. They were hungry, and
out of work; hungrier, now, and less
capable of work than when they had
started their march. There were a few
disspirited clashes with the police, and
as a final anti-climax, Coxey was ar
rested May 2 on the pathetically trivial
charge Of t~respaSsing on the White
House lawn. The visionary gesture was
over, but more savage rioting Of the
unemployed was to come.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1931-05-14
Nearly 500 Men Joined Coxey's
ARMY I'm Butte Inn '94s Stole Train

there was much bitter recrimination
between officials Of Ogden, and rail-
road officials Of the Southern Pacific
in San Francisco, over the charge that
the Southern Pacific had loaded the
men at reduced rates. or no fare at
all, into Utah. Denver was organizing.
Oakland, Calf, was the first to start
a female brigade on its way. Seattle
gave a fashionably sponsored ball to
raise funds for its army.
The good Offices Of the citizenry at
tracted to the industrial armies pro-
fessional Migrants, who had no desire
to move any place so long as they
were being fed and clothed and kept
warm without effort on their part.
The honest and earnest Missionaries who
had started the futile demonstration
were outnumbered by the lazy and
vicious who robbed and exploited them.
The first serious congestion came at
Omaha. Here, after public donations
had cared for an encamped army for
two weeks, waiting for unfriendly
Iowa to grant them admission, pro-
visions were down to nothing, and the
men waited no longer for trains, but
started on foot up deserted tracks. In
San Bernardino, a determined army
demanded trains, and refused to walk
out Of town. The sheriff and 48 depu-
ties turned two hose on them, de-
luged them in the freight cars they
had seized, jailed them, and released
them in squads of six to walk back
to their place of origin. On April 10
the United States senate took first Of
ficial cognizance of the situation.
BY this time railroad service was
demoralized. At one division after an
other all trains were withdrawn, to
protect them from falling into the ir-
responsible hands Of the industrial
mob. At Council Bluffs, Iowa, the
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1931-05-14

toned at Great Falls, to hold them
selves in readiness for orders. The
governor then notified officials Of the
Northern Pacific of his action, and
asked them if they could furnish
transportation for his troops.
At Miles City, or that date, it was
reported: Dorsey and Finn, super
intendents of the Northern Pacific, are
trying to clear the track blocked by
Hogan running wild without orders.
Colonel Page, in command at Fort
Keogh, has orders from the secretary
of war to arrest all on board the stolen
train. He has enrolled the 22nd regi-
ment, and will not let the train pass
this point" Superintendents Dorsey
and Finn took a special train from
Miles City to Fort Keogh, loaded 500
infantry, and left Fort Keogh that
morning. In addition to government
orders to stop the army, Sheriff Haw-
klns OF Custer county had state war
ants for the arrest of Hogan, his lieu
tenant, Conductors Smith and Wiley,
Engineers Olney and Graham, and 10
others, on charges Of grand larceny
and burglary.
Fearing bloodshed, railroad officials
forbade interference with the train at
Miles City, following the adverse popu-
lar demonstrations at Billings.
Close behind the train.
when it pulled into Billings at 1O:45
a. m, came Deputy Marshal Haley with
81 deputies from Butte. Citizens met
Coxey's army with a thousand pounds
of supplies and a sum of money. First
reports stated that the citizens ganged
up ON the deputies, disarmed them,
beat them up, and broke their rifles
across fences and railroad tracks: that
a deputy fired, not at an industrial
but at a citizen of Billings, wounding
a by-stander.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1931-05-14

Montana. Nelson A. Miles post No. IL,
National Indian War Veterans, the
only post in Montana, has its head
quarters at Billings. 1t has had a
membership up to rs or more, scattered
in all parts Of the state although, of
course, the active membership which
attends meetings is much smaller.
These Indian wal veterans do not
include members of volunteer COM
panies or militia organizations which
took part in various campaigns o. bat
ties without entering into federal serv-
ices. Nor does it include a number
of frontiersmen who gave indispensable
aid as scouts and interpreters, without
being permanently attached to the
army.
1t struck at the pride Of many OF
these veterans, all Of them now elderly
men, for the last serious Indian con-
flict was 40 years ago, when the gov
eminent in it's 1880 census enumeration
provided spaces on its blanks for mark
ing down service in the Civil war,
Spanish war and World war, but with
no provision for noting the fact that a
soldier had taken part in the many
Indian conflicts.
AS a matter of fact, most of these
soldiers underwent as great ardship
and were confronted with as much
danger as fell to the lot of the average
soldier in any of the most extensive
vars. While the enthusiasm of the
wal spirit and patriotic fervor was not
perhaps often the motivating influence
that led them into the army, the love
of adventure and a fighting spirit that
impelled them, as one veteran puts it,
to take the only kind Of wal that the
government had to offer right then"
brought many young men into the
army with the promise of active serv-
ice in the west.
In fact, after the Custer massacre"
as 1t was painted through the country
in the first years after the command
met its tragic fate, hundreds Of young
men went into the army impelled with
much the anne ardor to strike at the
foes of their country and kinsmen that
made Remember the Alamo" and RE
member the Maine" rallying cries to
war in other days.
The service rendered by the regular
army on the plains was often dispar-
agingly spoken Of by frontiersmen. The
government until the Custer disaster
brought a realization of the need OF
more adequate provision, never had a