davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
BROWN WINNER
/ Of TITLE

Sterling Brown, a member of
the faculty at Howard University,
won the colored tennis champion"
ship of the District by defeating
Talley Holmes, Armstrong High
School teacher, Ga, 6-4, 1-6,
and Ga.
Holmes. a former national
champion, could not withstand
the attack of Brown, who was
formerly a member of tennis
team at Williams College, where
he was graduated.
The local racqueters will now
turn their attention to the ma.
tional colored tennis tourney,
which will be held at TuSkegee IN
Stitute the latter part of August.
Three former national champions
will be among the local delegation
and are Ted Thompson, John viii.
kinson and Talley Holmes.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
\. !. KEEPS BAN
On SCHMEL|NG

SAN FRANCISCO, July 10.
There is no hope that Max
Schmeling will be recognized as
heavyweight champion in New
York for some time to come, &C,
cording to James A. Farley, chair
man of the New York Athletic
Commission.
While in San Francisco today
for a short visit after attending
the Elks Convention in Seattle,
Farley made this definite pro
nouncement, declaring:
"Schmeling twice failed to
keep faith with us. He signed
: to meet Phil Scott and agreed
to fight Sharkey. But he has
persistently side-stepped Shar-
key and the only conclusion
that we can draw from this is
that he is afraid of Sharkey."
Questioned concerning the
Sharkey-Walker bout Farley ex-
pressed the opinion that it was a
natural"
While he declared that he ad-
mired Walker, Farley also said
that he favored Sharkey to win.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
Penn State ALlGn1nlIs
Makes Hole In One

Ray H. Smith, former graduate
manager and alumni secretary at
Penn State College and now the
college comptroller, in a club
match at the Center Hills Country
Club achieved the golfers ambi-
ton of making his first hole-in-
one.
It was on the 135-yard fourth
on the club course, ravine hole,
that Smiths iron shot rolled into
the cup,
The Washington times., 1931-07-10

appreciated gentleman in the
local sandlots.
Charlie Corbett is the big shot
in Alexandria.
Danny Gill thinks Rockville
nine has a good club. (He
should. He is The Times Rock
vile cOrrespOndent.)
Garrett Waters once managed
the Takoma Tigers. He also
played the hot corner for them.
Ed Clipper of the Skinker
Bros. Eagles, is the most enthu-
siastic manager in town.
E. v. Lawrence is manager OF
three teams. They are Ross
jewelers., Lawrence Midgets and
Insects.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
NeUU York Sees Title
Rinu Go at 81 TOPS

NEW YORK, July 10.-Midget
Wolgast, flyweight champion of
the world. defends his title
against Ruby Bradley over the
15-round route in the Coney
Island stadium tonight.
Promoter John Leon, who is Civ
ing New York its first titular
battle at top price of So, ex-
poets the biggest crowd of the
current outdoor season to occupy
the SeaShore arena.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
Green Bay Packers
Sian Red WOOdlUOrth

GREEN BAY. Wis. July 10.
wade c"Red'D Woodwork, North.
western football guard mentioned
on some all-American selections,
has signed to play with the
Green Bay Packers in the Ma.
tional Football League. Wood.
worth is also a motorboat racer
of note, having won the Albany.
New York event this season.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
PUNCH
/ IJARREDJESS
BADLY
BY JACK DEMPSEY
Round 2

Jess Willard blew whatever
chance he had to whip me in
Toledo by failure to gallop along
the roadways. Jess never was
keen about training, anyway. 1t
was an ordeal for him. And the
worst part was doing leg stuff
He couldn't see the sense nor the
value in pounding the highways
and, as a consequence, his legs
were in bad condition when we
met.
Knowing that, I cashed in on
1t. The resistance power of a
mans chin and especially his
body often can be measured by
the condition of his legs. If
they are right, he has a mighty
good foundation which will stand
up under fistic shots. But if his
legs are bad, first-claSS sock
mere or there usually will spill
him.
Blow Jared
My ambition was to put every
thing I had into the first punch
"a right to the heart) 1 threw
at Jess. I succeeded. The re-
suit was as expected.
The blow Jared him and
he began to quiver on his un.
certain legs. The next volley
/ brought him down.
If it had been anybody in there
but Jess Willard the fight would
nave ended with the first knock
down. He did the arising stuff
not once, but six times. Upon
the seventh occasion he was so
b. dly battered, so horribly
wrecked that he couldn't get up
on his own. In the matter of
time he was down 10 actual Sec
onds without moving and it was
20 or 80 seconds more before his
handlers could haul him to his
chair
But the bell rang at the count
Of ~" unheard by the referee,
and Jess was saved. Given
rest of almost three full minutes
Jess was in pretty fair shape for
the second round, while my time
was spent battling a mob out.
side the ropes.
One of Wizards cheeks was
badly puffed by a punch / had
landed there. It almost closed
his eye. Taking advantage of
that I kept on that side of Will
lard and made Jess keep whirl-
ing around to find me.
Uppercut Lands
During the spasmodic firing in
the second I closed in on Jess
and let 60 with several punches.
Two hit, one missed.
Before I could get out of
range Jess lifted that famous
uppercut and caught me under
the chin. 1t had 247 pounds of
power back of it.
Jess lifted me off my feet with
that smashing drive.
OF all the things I wanted and
need was water. The day was a
record breaker in the matter of
heat-it was around 112 in the
sun-and I had gone through a
wild first round, a furious session
out in the crowd, and then an
other round-a total of nine
minutes without being cooled off.
I felt as Scorched as steak
s1nder a soaring flame until that
water came cascading over me.
After that felt 100 per cent
better and was rarin to go as the
third bell rang.
Ra TOufinuAd\
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
COLLEGE POLO
FOUR WINS

LAKE FOREST, ILL, July 10.
Rivals for the international polo
game to be played here tomorrow
before a swanky set of spectators
rested todav after two victories
in practice matches yesterday.
The Eastern college men,
comprising the old Aiken team,
defeated the OnwentSia Club
players, of Chicago, Is to 2,
in six chukkerS and the Santa
Paula quartet from Argentine,
beat a local all-Star outfit, 6
to 2 in four periods.
Elbridge Gerry, young Harvard
polo captain, scored seven goals
for Aiken. The Argentine team
amazed the crowd yesterday with
it's long shots and the adeptness
of their mounts, the finest polo
ponies in the world.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
SKINKERS READY

Skinker Bros will play the
Auths unlimited nine tomorrow
at 3 p. m. on the Eagles home
field. The Skinker team will
meet the speedy Capitol Heights
team Sunday at the same time
and place.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10

first division
is packed to-
g e t h er SO
clos Sc they
they are prac-
tically sitting
j n e a C b
others laps.
The Robins
d e S er " e at
least two and
q half CheerS
for the way
they crept up.
You remem-
ber the Brook
club spent the
RSnnA Csx nurAnlrS
The Washington times., 1931-07-10

MEX AITRODCk 4ASC SAA WOUMS
of the season trying to dig a
subbasement under the Cincis.
who had a grip on the cellar.
Well, now the Robins are
mingling among the top
branches of the league and
maybe they aren't pecking at
worms.
With the BrOOklynS, Cubs
and Giants swapping at their
heels, the Cards had better put
on spurs or else change to
rubber boots.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
JESS WILLARD'S NEGLECT TO STRENGTHEN
BANNOCKBURN
OFFER LURES

The new policy of the Bannock-
burn Club IN opening its course
to nonmembers is meeting with
success.
Upward of 200 nonmembers
play the Glen Echo course over
the week end. while close to so
nonmembers visit it during the
week.
The greens and fairways at
Bannockburn are in much better
shape this year than last, when
the drought almost destroyed the
course.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10

"There are many golfers in
Washington who have seized the
opportunity of playing at Ban
nockburn," says Tony Sylvester,
the club pro. I'VE had quite q
crowd out last Saturday and
Sunday, and expect q much
larger turnout tomorrow and
Sunday.
Throwing open the BannOck.
burn course to nOnmemberS was
a wise move, and I look for
many golfers to take advantage
of this Offer"
The Washington times., 1931-07-10

Young served as senior man.
ager of athletics at George Wash
ington University and also played
on several varsity sport teams.
He is doing the backstopping for
the Bethesda Firemen this season.
"It is my desire to stimulate
greater interest in baseball in
this community by furnishing
firSt-class talent, clean sports
manship and keen competition"
saic! Young.
The Firefighters engage the
valiant Takoma Tigers Sunday at
1870 o'clock on Cabin John Field.
In the beginning of the season,
the Tigers downed the Firemen.
The flame-Stoppers will be out for
blood.
Last year the Takoma Tigers,
champions of Montgomery county,
Prince Georges, Arlington and
D. C. were twice defeated by the
Volunteers in a three-game series.
The newly organized Washing
ton Blues, semi-pro nine man.
aged by Lem owens, will journey
to Colesville, Md, to play the
team of that town. The game
will be played tomorrow at $3.50
o'clock. Owens toes the slab
and Crump will catch his shoots.
Dick Mothershead is the most
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
sAKs CLOTHIERS PLAY

Saks Clothiers tackle Boiling
Field nine tomorrow at 3 o'clock
on the South Ellipse diamond.
The soldiers will try to make up
for the 6-3 defeat they suffercd 4
at the hands of the Clothiers
earlier in the season.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
RIDES 3 WINNERS

ARLINGTON PARK, Chicago,
July 10.-Bobby Jones, bronzed
little jockey Of San Ysidro, Cali
rode three winners, two seconds
and a third in six races yesterday.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
NICK
ALTROCK
Says:

Boy, that National League
race is shaping up prettier than
Marlene Dietrich's gambS. The
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
BETHESDA WANTS FOE

Bethesda A. C. wants a Sunday
game with a team having its own
diamond. Call Manager Roy
West at Bradley 233 between S
and $50 p. m.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
Bethesda Firemen Nine
Seeks Higher Laurels
BY SID KATZNELL

Bethesda freaters baseball team out for bigger and
better laure They have elected Ford Young jr of Alta
Vista business manager.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
CITIES SERVICE WINS

In the French Midget League
yesterday the Cities Service nine
shut out the Hawks, 40.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
HILLCREsTs WANT GAME

Hillcrest Insects seek games
with strong teams of their class.
Call Manager Lashlee at Lincoln
1865.
The Washington times., 1931-07-10
K. OE C's WIN AGAIN

The Knights of Columbus team
defeated the Lucky Circles yes
terday, 9-4, adding to their long
list of victories.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
Labor Head Hits Plan
BY MARSHALL Mcneil
Times Stan Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Sept. 18.-The
business stabilization plan of Gerard
Swope was attacked today as an
effort to "vaccinate the business of
this country against industrial
democracy which he sees coming
by Arthur G. Wharton, president of
the international Association of
Machinists and a ce-president of
the American Federation of Labor.
Whartons views are carried in
the current issue of labor, weekly
newspaper of the railroad brother
hoods and unions.
His plan," labor quotes Wharton
as saying, claims to provide for
the free organization of employers
in an industry, but it holds down
the employees to what is merely a
company union In other words,
the boss picks the men who sit on
both sides of the table.
"Organized labor never will con-
sent to any scheme which ties the
hands of workers and leaves man
agement free. Whether there is ever
constitution of industry or not,
American workers will fight for the
right of free, unhindered organiza-
ton to protect themselves by col
lective bargaining"
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
WASHINGTON TO
STUDY SWOPE'S
INDUSTRY PLAN
Proposals for StabiIizing
Business Will Be Heard
by Congress Group.

~ Jattcd Press
WASHINGTON, Sept. 10. - A
congressional committee early next
month will hear the plan of Ger
ard P. Swope to stabilize business.
Publication of the proposals of
the General Electric president
brought mixed response, part of it
indicating that the farm represen-
tation in congress would continue
its opposition to large combinations
in industry.
Swope will present his plan to the
Hebert- Wagner unemployment in
surance committee meeting here
about Oct. /. The committee also
will hear Silas Strawn, president
of the United States Chamber of
Commerce and Professor William q.
Ripley of Harvard, on their propo-
sails for dealing with industrial de-
pressions.
Chairman Simeon T. Fess of the
Republican national committee
said Swope's plan was "an inter-
esting suggestion"
Representative Joseph Byrns of
Tennessee, ranking Democrat on
the appropriations committee, said
1T was revolutionary" and ex-
pressed the opinion the government
ought to keep out of business.
Senator Smith w. Brookhart
(Rep, Ia) said the plan was
recognition by Swope of "the fail
ure Of capitalism in handling our
economic system"
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
KILLER PLEADS
GUILTY.; GIVEN
LIFE SENTENCE
Wabash Man FaintS When
Ruling Is Pronounced;
Wife Recovering.

BB United Press
WABASH, sept. iS.-Emery Tenn
pleton, 40-year-old World war vet
eran, pleaded guilty to a charge of
first degree murder here today and
was sentenced to a life term in
Michigan City state prison. He was
to be taken to the prison this after
neon.
Tenpleton, who confessed Staying
his wife's foster mother, Mrs. Sam
uel Eccles, on Sept. 9, tainted when
the sentence was pronounced. He
was carried from the courtroom and
returned to his cell.
After Staying Mrs. Eccles, accord
ing to his confession, he shot his
wife three times. She is recovering
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18

in hospital here. Templeton was
not captured until two days later.
Templeton, before he was SEN
fenced, told The court his insane
love for his wife" drove him to shoot
both her and Mrs. Eccles. Since
she had become separated from
him, two months before the shoot
ing, she had been living with her
foster mother. Templeton said he
believed Mrs. Eccles was urging her
not to return to him.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
LAKE TRIP is SUGGESTED
H0osier Motor Club Recommends
Visit to Northern Indiana.

A weekend trip to Bruce lake
is suggested by the travel depart
ment of the Hoosier Motor Club.
The best route is as follows:
Go north of United States road
81 through Kokomo, Peru to
Rochester, and then west on Road
IA ten miles to Bruce lake.
The road is pavement to
Rochester, gravel to Lake Bruce.
The distance g i05 miles.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
FISHERMEN PULLED 40
MILES BY 618-POUNDER
Trio Shows SwOrdfish conquered
Only After 23-HOur Battle.

By United Press
REDONDO BEACH, Cal, Sept.
18.-Three fishermen who went to
sea in boat, then went forty miles
farther to sea dragged by a giant
swordfish they hooked, showed their
catch today to prove the tallest fish
story yet.
For twenty-three hours, the trio,
Captain Waldo Simpson, Ray
Simpson and Cal Weddington bat
tied with the 618-pound broadbill.
Once their boat was nearly upset
by a giant blackf1Sh bigger than
the boat.
For twenty-four hours coast guard
cutters had sought the men. and
finally had given them up for lost.
When the big swordfish gave up the
struggle Thursday, the men we're
forty miles northwest of Catalina
island. When they hooked it, early
Wednesday, they were> eight miles
off Redondo Beach,
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
HOLD WIFE IN MURDER
Silk Manufacturers Widow Plotted
Death, Is Charge.

Ey CHltCd Press
HACKENSACK, N. j., Sept. 1S.-
Mrs. Olga Ziegler, Park Ridge
housewife and mother of two chill
dren, and George Flanard, 21-year-
old silk worker, were in Jail today
awaiting grand jury action on first
degree murder charges in connec-
ton with the murder of the wom-
ans husband Otto, prominent silk
manufacturer.
They pleaded not guilty on ar
raignment in second district court
Thursday, and were held without
bail. Police charge Mrs. ziegler
conspired with Flanard to shoot
ziegler after they found out the
manufacturer was attentive to
Flanards hancee, Miss Ruth Herring,
a $20-a-week worker in his mill.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
MAIL VOLUME GROWS
Is Per Cent Increase Over Nation
Seen Indication of Recovery.


Seen Indication of Recovery.
By United Press
CHICAGO, Sept. ia cheerio
from the postofflce department
couched in the words, "a Is per
cent increase in all classes of mail
throughout the country during the
MONTH" was taken today as a sign
of better times on the way.
Arch Coleman, first assistant post
master general, here to visit Post
master Arthur G. Lueder after a
tour of the country, announced the
good news. He said increases in
mali volume had been reported in
Chicago, New York, Philadelphia,
Minneapolis, st. Paul, Boston and
Omaha.
st believe that an increase in
postal business is a true barometer
of returning prosperity" Coleman
said.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
BACK HOME AGAIN

stolen automobiles recovered BY police
belong to:
W. Marsh. 1905 Climber street. Chevro-
let coach. found at Beauty avenue and New
York street.
Russell Anderson. 636 Union street,
Chevrolet sedan. found at Bluff road and
RAYMOND street.
Theodore M. BradfeId. io3 East Pratt
street. Hudson sport roadster. found at
l27 South West street.
Star touring. 80-578. found in rear of 40
North keystone avenue.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
Burned as Cartridge ExpIodes

Kenneth Ulrey, u, of 1856 Roose-
yelt avenue, was burned slightly by
blank cartridge which exploded
while he was playing with it on
Thursday afternoon.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18

His attempts to seize power in
Austria an apparent failure, DR..
Walter Pfriemer (above), Helm
wehr leader, was reported to be
fugitive from justice.
After he had proclaimed himself
dictator Of Austria, an attempt by
his followers to seize the public
buildings in the province of Styria
was defeated.
One man was killed and seven
wounded in street fighting which
accompanied the short Lived re-
volt.
The Indianapolis times., 1931-09-18
CLUBS RAIDED

Michigan State Cops, Dry Agents
Claim Liquor Seizures.
ISHPEMING, Mich, Sept 49,
Custodians of Elks clubs in Ishpem-
ing, Negaunee and Marquette were
held today on prohibition charges
after state police and federal agents
raided the three clubs Friday night.
The offSers claimed to have found
quantities OF liquor in each place.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
Bell Eliminates Allison In
National Singles Title Fight

FOREST HILLS. ". ". Sept. g.
Rl-Once again Berkeley Bel has
liyc- up to his reputation as the
giant killer" Of American tennis
players.
The 130-pound dynamo from
Austin, Texa~. sprang the first big
upset Of the National singles cham
pionship yesterday when he elimin-
ated Wilmer Allison, a fellow Texan
from Austin. No 3 in the national
ranking. The scores were Sc. Us.
6-3, Ga. A year ago Bell ast0nished
the experts by removing Jean Bor-
otra from the championshi In the
fAr1t round.
SO great was the din made BY
the crowd that after4hc third set
Allison asked that the match be
finished on m outside court. Tour
nament officials agreed but Bell
PIT up a lively argum>Et before he
consented. Rel played az top speed
all the way 70 gain his first victory
over Allison since 1923.
Bryan Grant Of Atlanta eliminat-
ed the chief French threat. JS ques
Brugnon. 3-6. Us. 6-3. Ga. covering
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
SCHEDULE IS
MADE POST
Other Rules Are Passed At
Cameron County
Session

II Rio Hondo wants to play foot
ball this season, she will have 10
step up amonp the b" aggregations.
The Cameron county &C" league vo.-
ed to exclude the Rio Hondo unit
at its organization meeting held at
Port Isabel recently.
The other schools felt that Rio
Hondo's scholastic enrolment was
much too heavy 70 permit her play
ing in the &C" league.
Other rules invoked we're:
Each team mus. play all other
teams in the league at least once.
II more than one game Is played
the first game counts on the per-
centage. All games are to be played
on FRIDAY unless otherwise agreed
on by both coaches. Games played
or forfeited by any team that later
withdraws from the league schedule
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
TURNER BEATS COOKE BY ONE STROKE FOR GOIFINC TITLE


Battinc-Davis. .347. Terry
Giants. Klein. Phillies. -344.
Runs batted in-Klein, Phillies.
ll3: OFT, Giants. l0l.
Runs--Klein. Phillies. ll6; Terry
Giants, LOT.
Hits-Terry. Giants. 1873; Klein.
Phillies. 1856. -
Dcubles-Herman. Robins. Al:
Adams. Cardinals, co.
Triples-Terry. Giants, III Her
man. Robins. ID.
Home runs-Klein. Phillies, 81
OFT. Giants. rs.
stolen bases-Frisch. Cardinals.
"a: Martin, Cardinals, 10.
Pitching-Haines. Cardinals. von
IL. lost 3: Derringer. Cardinals.
won l6. lost 6.
American League
BATTING Simmons. Athletics.
$50: Ruth. Yankees. $50.
Runs batted in-Gehrig, Yam
KEGS. l66: Ruth. Yankees. lag.
Runs-Gehrig. Yankees, l47.
Ruth. Yankees. 135.
Hits-Gehrig. Yankees, 1873;
Ruth. Yankees. l63.
II lhleS-Webb. RedSoxr W.
Miller. Athletics. Alexander, Tigers,
43.
Triples-Johnson. Tigers, III.
REYNOLDS. whitesox IA.
Home runs-Gehrig. Yankees,
AZ: Ruth. Yankee. 40.
Stolen bases-Chapman. YAM
KEGS. So: johnson. Tigers. 81.
Pitching-Grove. Athletics. won
Ct. lost 3: Nahaffey. Athletics
Marberry. Senators. won ID. lost T.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
TOUGH BREAK

STONY BROOK. N. Y.-Constable
J.. d. Kerwin is suffering from a
nervous breakdown because OF a
robbery here-not particularly be-
cause of the enormity of the crime,
nor the work involved In finding the
culprits. but from the facts that this
was the first robbery Stony Brook
has experienced In 10 years. III
occurred just as he was preparing to
retire rom office with a clean rec
ord
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
Football Gets Under
Way Here Tuesday

B~rownsville's first taste OF foot
ball was due today when Red Irvine
and Ben Brite issued call for candi-
dates to high school gridsters.
Some so athletes were expected 70
turn out 10 receive equipment and
go through their initial warming up
exercises.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
Coaches And
Officials To Meet
fSpecial 70 The HeraIdl

Especial TO The Herald)
HARLINGEN. Sept. f3.-Mem-
kers of the WILEY Coaches and Off
sYafs' association will hdd their
|5rst meeting OF the year here to-
kirht at the Harrington high school.
has been announced by r. r.
Sroves. past-president Of the organi-
alton.
THE session will get under way at
~ Harlingen hioh school at 8 o. n.
Election OF officers and defining
|oIicies for the wear will be the
nies items confronting the Valley
bCenan body.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08

COPPERHILL. Tenn.-Theodore
Harper has placed on file in the pa
tent office a process be invented for
getting aluminium from clay. The
cost. Harper states. would be less
than 10 cents a pound. II this pro-
cess proves practical. II may revolu-
tionize the aluminium industry.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-09-08
Rio Hondo Squad Is Excluded From C. FootbaULoop
will not be counted on the percent

will not be counted on the percent
age.
d. L. Stoker. Jr., assistant count,
superintendent, is director Of tss &C
league.
The schedule follows:
Sept. 25.
Rangerville at Santa Rosa.
Oct. 2.
Los Fresnos az R~angerviile.
Stuart Place at FL Jardin.
Oct. 3.
Los Fresnos at Stuart Place.
Oct. 16.
FL Jardin at Rangerville.
Oct. %.
Los FTeslos at Santa Rosa.
Nov. 6.
Rangerville at Stuart Place.
FL Jardin at Los FreSnoS.
Nov. Is.
Santa Rosa at FL Jardin.
Stuart Place az Santa Rosa.