davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

ENGINEER, first class, young. good mechani-
cal knowledge, understands mach. drafting,
desires position chief engineer ma
chinery sales power plant supplies sales
student of electrical engineering at local
tech school. Address Box 309-K, Star office.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

HOUSEKEEPER, with l child, 6 years old,
would like work and homes with small sal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

GlRL. Virginia, wants work as mother
helper or IN lunch room. Willing to take
small Salary. Decatur 4249-R
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

GIRL. colored wants nurse Job Apply
l728 9TH st. NV; Blanche
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

GIRL wants job; assist with general
TIA S ST. NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

GlRL wants general housework Call Po-
tomac OO46-W. Call Fannie Mae
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-18

GIRL wants part-tlme work or general
houSeWork. Potomac 3899-W
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
Soviet Wages and Anti-Soviet Liars

cent went to exploiting classes erich farmers who
hire labor and some city capitalists small fish,
compared to over so per cent Of the national in
come of the United States, grabbed by small
number of utterly useless parasite capitalists,
VIM. Green head of the A. F. of L., speaking
at the Conference of "Progressives' at Washing
ton in March, admitted that in 1929 American
factory workers received only 16.5 per cent of
the value of the goods they produced. oh"
said Green, considerably less than paid in
1899"
OF course, any sensible worker knows that the
Russian workers took over a country ruined by
capitalism. not only industrially but culturaly.
There was and still largely remains, a vast diff
ference between skilled or professional labor and
Ullskilled and unschooled labor. Marx has shown
that until the difference is wiped out between
the labor of hand and brain, there cannot be
complete equality in compensation for these two
kinds of labor.
Marx and Lenin also showed that between
capitalism and complete Communism, there is a
historical period of transition, during which the
workers rule, as today in the Soviet Union, but
which is burdened by these differences between
Iaborers inherited from capitalism which make
a mechanical equalization of wages economically
impossible. The liars for capitalism try to make
workers believe that this is the fault of workers
rule
So there are wages paid in the Soviet Union
that vary. AS the Communist International
Program puts it, 1.-THE productive forces of So
cialism are not yet sufficiently developed TO
assure a distribution al the products of labor
according to needs; these are distributed ac-
cording to amount Of labor expended"--by the
worker.
Marx, even before the Bolsheyik Revolution,
wrote the following about the necessity of varia-
ton in wage rates paid TO different workers
under workers rule such as exists in the Soviet
Union today;
-. the indivisua producer receiver back
precisely what he gives to society," What he has
given is his individual quantum Of labor. He
receives back from society the same quantun of
work in another form"-in articles of conslmp-
ton Again he says. If labor is to be the stand
ard of measurement, it is necessary to take into
account the duration of the intensity Of the labor
...."
Thus we see that the new methods of deter
mining wages in the Soviet Union, are not O.
step toward capitalism as the American boss
press liars would have lis believe, but are in line
with socialist development Piece work already
existed and is merely extended by the new meth
DDS but without injury to the workers. on the
contrary. to their,benefit
With Soviet production leaping ahead at around
% per cent or more annually while capitalist
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
BY HARRISON GEORGE.

TIE Soviet Union, being the especial target of
all capitalist liars, is going back to capital
ism" So shout many capitalist papers about
the extension of piece work and other changes
bringing Soviet workers wages nearer to ac-
cordanee with their production and relating it
to the fulfillment of the production program.
The capitalist liars who say this, also said the
Soviet was 'goings back to capitalism" in 1922,
when the New Economic Policy cNEP'o was
made under Lenin's advice. But neither then
nor now do the capitalists cease attacking the
Soviet Union! Why is that?
Because in the Soviet Union the industries be-
long--to the workers. While in capitalist Amer
lea industry belongs to the capitalist class. In
the Soviet Union the workers are very glad to
help industry-=tlleir industry--even sacrificing
many comforts they might have right now, to
build up new and greater industries. the basis
al a really socialist economy.
Because American capitalists are using piece
work to cut down wages here in America, they
try to make American workers think that the
same thing is true in the Soviet Union, Yet
there where the workers own industry and gov
eminent, too piece work does not lower the
workers standard of living, but on the contrary
it raises standards
For under workers rule and ownership, there
are no fat-hellied capitalist stockholders seek
ing to slice piece rates down SO they can get
more profits, but workers industry, interested
in both advancing wages and in producing more
goods Piece work is not bad just because it is
piece work, but because under capitalism the
capitalist owners of industry use it to cut wage
standards and drive the workers half crazy with
speed-up to get more production for less wages.
It is not "fles same" in the Soviet Union. The
Sixth Soviet Congress which authorized the pres
ent change in wage methods, did not order a
wage cut On the contrary, Molotov reported
that in 1881 the Soviet would pay out 81 100000
600 more in Wages than in 1880! How can any,
one make a wage cut out OF that? But the
capitalist liars of America want American work.
ers who lost $4,000 100000 off their total wages
In 1885, to forget that. and get excited about
piece work in the Soviet Union"
At what rate are the piece work wages? All,
the capitalists don't tell you that! They do not
tell you what proportion of the national income
goes to those who toll to produce it! Yet in
$780, the share Of the national income of those
"gainfuly employed" in the United States was
AZ per cent, while in the Soviet Union the share
of the workers and toiling farmers who do not
exploit the labor al others was I'll per cent Of
the national income.
Almost al the rest went to build industry
slso for the workers, for pensions and other BEN
efits shared by the workers. and only Two per
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
Why They Cut Wages

the workers But. Green Hoover and VOL had
made the same mistake that Lovestone made
when he said the basic structure of American
Imperialism vas untouched as result of the
crisis.
Now Lovestole In his latest issue OF the "Revo-
lutionary Age gives the bosses heart by intinlat-
ing that there will be an Improvement" by sum-
'mer. Even Hoover would not dare to come out
with any such bold promises
But the facts of the crisis show nothing OF the
kind. The demagogue LaFollette is already plan
ming for the tremendous unemployment that will
exist next winter due to the continuation Of the
crisis.
Transferring the Burden.
The profits of the American capitalists have
been slipping rapidly due to the. break -down OF
the capitalist productive machine. They have
saved billions out of the hides of the workers al
ready by wage-cutting, by refusing unemploy-
lnent relief, and by speeding-up the workers
They are not satisfied with this as the burden
they have transferred onto the backs OF the
workers, huge as 1t is has not been sufficient to
make the slightest dent In the crisis. Now they
propose to double this burden, to make more
profits by tearing the bread out of the mouths
Of the workers who are lucky enough to have
Jobs by squeezing more work out of them by
engthenng their hours
A glance into the perspectyes OF the future OF
the crisis shows that with Its deepening and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
PARTY LIFE
Conducted by the Organization Department Of
the Central Committee, Communist Party, U.s.A.
Some More '6P.M. Communists
BY p. S.
Niagara Falls, N. ~

IT is necessary to point out the things which
l think will be of great helpsin strengthening
our roots in the shops. We have been asking
ourselves why we fail to get the workers from
the shops into the Party and into Our unions,
but we have not gone any further than that.
In many units Of the Buffalo District we have
members who are working in very important in
dustries but we have failed SO far to utilize them
properly in doing shop work. And in many in
stances when they are approached by some lead
ing cornrade, or a lower conlrade to work out
way to be able to get some new blood into Our
ranks, they raise their hands in the air and give
all kinds of excuses that the workers don't want
to get organized. For example in my unit we
have comrade who is working in a very i'm
portant and big shop. Tt is known by everyone
that he is a. Communist. He knows that the
workers in his department are well oppressed.
But when the question comes to do some con-
crete work inside of the shop here the fun
starts. Then in one OF my former units to which
I belonged we had or of our comrades work
ing in the same shop. This is the most impor-
tant industry Of our district where they are en-
ployed, 1t is known by everyone what they are
We started many times to discuss the question
of doing shop work with them, but instead of
contributing some suggestions Of means and ways
of doing it, they give you hell, with the excuse
we don't want to be exposed"
AS far as I know this is happening in all Of
our units. The comrades are well Advertised, OUT
not activized in the proper way. 1t is best to
point out that these "Bolshevks" are not even
members yet of their respective unions. They
want to do, and hold 101 other positions, but not
shop work to help in the organization Of the
workers in the shops where they are working as
the best way of improving this situation, would
suggest these things:
l. The district leadership to try to explain to
these comrades carefully and personally the inn
portance of doing shop work. by using the best
possible tactics in approaching, and organizing
the workers. If the comrade is not well ac-
quain+ed with the English language try to have
an interpreter, SO the points raised can be made
clear !
2. Work out plan with those who are work
ing in the shop, plan how to carry on the
activities. FLet the that is working give sug-
gestions how to do the things. If an outsider,
who is not in the shop, starts giving the sug-
gestions, maybe they will say, Here this guy
comes along and thinks that he knows all about
the shop" and it may discourage him more.
8. That they be released from all outside re-
sponsibilities, and be put ON responsible work
in the shop.
a. To be explained to them the Importance
OF why they should be members of union, and
how to help in organizing it,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
BY HARRY CANNES.

EVERY step of the sharpening of the present
crisis proceeds with heavy attacks against
the workers Last year the American workers
suffered the loss Of $12,O000o00oo through wage
cuts, and we are only in the first stage of the
wage cutting drive. The Boston Financial
News" on February H. 1881 in a leading edi-
torial entitled THE Big Economic Bump Ahead"
said that the main task before the bosses was
"detlaton Of wages of skilled labor"
They go on to say:
There must be not only lowering Of wages
TO conform with the new living standards but
there must concurTentIy he an improvement in
the quality of labor given in return for these
wages"
This is pretty plain talk. Here we have them
tell the workers: your wages are coming down.
What is more, you are going to work harder for
less wages!"
The economic bump ahead" is planned for
the steel workers railroad workers, textile work.
ers. automobile workers, and along with them
the rest Of the workers who already have re-
ceiyed pay cuts
The mo Strike" Agreement
Such is the fruit of the Green Woll- Morrison
agreement with the bosses to adhere to mo
strike" policy
At the time this agreement was made in Mo-
yember, 1929, Hoover felt confident that the
crisis would be over after brief attack against
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30

production is shattered; with the standard of
living (Which is the real wages already 167 per
cent above pre-war and still rising, while millions
are starving in capitalist America: with the
seven-hour day established, while American
bosses enforce nine, ten, twelve and even more
hours of those still working; with unemployment
wiped out under Soviet rule while America has
100000 jobless-the capitalist liars have lot
of nerve to babber about Soviet conditions!
As productive forces are developed in the
Soviet Union to the heights foreseen by Lenin and
Marx and as the last remnants of the inequalities
inherited from capitalism are wiped out by the
socialist undermining Of their material basis in
social relationships, money and wage payments
will be done away with altogether. The higher
stage of Communism Will be reached wherein
each viii give according to his abilities and each
will receive according To his needs.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30
Standard of Living Goes Up
in the Air

figure is to reach rs per cent. In 1880, 10500000
went through special schools for making them
literate, while in 1881, 25000,0o0 more will CO.
Compulsory education now exists for the young
In Tsarist Russia during 1914-15, the number of
pupils in primary schools only 7236,000 while
in 1881, in the workers state there are 100000
Universal education in the native language has
been established for all minor nationalities.
Newspaper circulation for 1881 is 270o0,o0O
while in pre-war it was only 2T23,O00 In 1914
only 130000,0oO books we're published which in
the main the workers could not not read or en-
JOY while last year 5ooooo,0o0 we're published for
the benefit Of the toilers
Radios are being provided as rapidly as pos
sible In 1929 there were 100000 individual sets,
while at the first of this year there were 2746ooo
individual sets; 100000 of these in the country
and $4,000 in cities 100000 more sets are to
be added i'll 1881. Then there will be one set to
every So people. But this is only a very small
proportion of the radio audience, for in addi-
ton to the individual sets, every workers club i'll
the cities and nearly half Of the reading huts'
in the villages have sets with loud speakers.
new kind of workers city is being developed.
In Stalingrsd region, five new cities are being
built, each to have apopulation of $4,000 to 10000
in which there is to be the greatest possible
specialization of housekeeping and cultural act-
VlJleS. connected With the living quarters are
club rooms, libraries, gyrllna Sums, etc. The en-
tire population is to be fed from central Food
Combinat' where food is procured, stored and
prepared. Semi prepared food will be delivered
to different sections and there prepared for final
serving. There will be no individual kitchens de-
signed for anything beyond the simplest cook
ing. These cities will be combined with the
surrounding farming region SO that there will
be the advantage OF city and country living.
IT is any wonder that the workers are enthu-
siastic about these conditions and these pros
poets? While capitalism suffers the most severe
crisis, and carries on the most frenzied attack
against the workers standard of living, in the
Soviet Union industries are prosperous and work
ers live better every year
The difference between capitalism run for the
profit of the bosses and socialism run for the
tolers stands out in uT1nistakable terms, Be-
sides the immediate benefits, the industries that
are being built beling to the workers, 95 per cent
of industry is socialized In the basic heavy i'm
dustry, the socialized section furnished over SO
per cent of the output last year Over as per
cent of the peasants households belong to the
collective farms, and the number is rapidly in
creasing. All of these things mean enormous in
creases in the standard of living in the near
future.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30

BY ]. BARNETT.
DURTNCi the first two years Of the Five Year
- Plan alone the wages paid to the workers of
the Soviet Union were increased by 4,700,000,000
rubles Ga ruble is worth Sly cents) This was
an increase for the two years of Il per cent. The
real wages, that is wages i'll terms of what the
worker can buy, thus reached 40 per cent more
than they were in Tsarist Russia, Just before the
War For every $4,000 of wages under the Tsar,
they now get $4,000 under workers control In
1881 there will be further increase, during one
year. of per cent Thus the wages mount
higher and higher.
AT the same time hours are steadily lowered.
The Soviet workers have the shortest hours,
broken by frequent rest periods, and the short
est week in the world Almost all industries will
be on the 7-hoT day at the end of this year;
the 6-hom day in dangerous and arduous trades
has existed for a long time. Work is steady,
there being no unemployment and the number
of wage earners is rapidly increasing--20 100000
more will be added this year, making the total
100000. OF course all workers get vacations
with pay.
In addition to wages the Soviet workers have
any extra advantages, which must be considered
in their standard of living. There are such bene-
fits as social insurance for sickness, accidents,
old age, etc, bonuses from net profits, free use
OF municipal institutions tranlWays, etc, nous
ing, education public health services and public
feeding services. Last year 6,57l,0oO,000 rubles
was spent by the Soviet Union for these benefits
When they are added to real wages we find that
the workers standard of living was 67q6 above
pre-war, or, for each 800 of wages before the
war, the workers now get the equivalent of $751;
This year the expenditure for social benefits will
be 9,699000,000 rubles Thus the standard of
living advances
Rents and prices are the lowest for the work
ers (private business men pay high prices, which
they tell you about in the capitalist papers) In
the Moscow Kitchen Factory NO. l. the price of
hot two course dinner is only Is cents. This
year community restaurants according to esti-
mates will serve up to 100000 hot meals
day at a very low price.
The well-being of the Soviet workers is shown
in many ways They and their families are
healthier. In Moscow the death rate for in
fants was 1877 out of every 100 births in l9l2-13
whereas i'll l928-29 the death rate was only 1877
The death rate of the working class has been
cut by more than half. The country is rid of the
epdemics and scourges that used to sweep the
country, killing thousands
Great strides are being made in education
In 1913, at most, q per cent were literate. 81
per cent we're literate in 1880 and in 1881 the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30

Why, Oh, Why?
Ry JORGE

asking few friends of mine to come to the
May Day celebration at the Coliseum, / was
quite unexpectedly met with refusal They
said they had been at Central Opera House,
New Star Casio and other large halls the Com
munst Party and other revolutionary organiza-
lions use, and at not one of them, could they
hear the speakers
'There is such constant buzz of converse
ton in the audience that these workers, and
probably many Others have become disguised
'One of these friends of mine is Canadian,
and he says that in contrast to the way Party
members behave at meetings in New York
making social gatherings of meetings. Canadian
meetings are SO still while a speaker Is on the
platform that you can hear pin drop; no
matter how poor speaker he may be, he Is
attentively listened to-
Here, even when Comrade Foster speaks,
there are great many separate little cliques
in the audience that do not give g. damn whether
others around them want to hear the speaker or
not. And these cliques are made UP 100 per
cent of Party members who think that the
speeches are not for them and who attend only
to be 'correct-A Lerrer.'
Yes comrade. and usually those who come
to chew the rag with each other are the ones
who think they already know more than Lenin
did, but who, far from being correct" are po~
htical cripples We suggest purely on our own
initiative, that some examples be made of Of
tenders. Their name and unit number should
be demanded at the meetings they disrupt. If
they refuse to give it, they should be elected
When ascertaned, their unit should be informed
and record kept Repeated offense to be
punishable under the Baumes law, or something
the Control Commission may decide ANYWAY
something must be done,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-04-30

sharpening the wage cut drive will be intensi-
lied as one OF the capitalist levers for oyercon1-
ing the crisis
The steel industry is the most important single
industry in the United States as it accurately re-
fleets conditions in the automobile, building,
railroad, electrical and other ENTERPRISES
Where Dividends Come From.
It is interesting to remember where the last
dividends of the U. S. Steel Corporation came
from to learn where they propose to get the
next from. One third of the last quarterly 5iyi
dend fprofits) paid by the U. S. Steel Corpora
uon came from tax returns Cthat is Mellon paid
himself and the other steel stockholders millions
OF dollars out of government funds another
tfnrd came from reserve fund chat is, froc1
profits produced by the workers in years gone
py); and the last third came from the current
profits. But current profits are being cut down.
The next dividend the bosses propose to nav ont
OF the wages of the steel workers, by sIashipg
them, by firing thousands of workers, and maxi
ing those who stay on the job do twice the
amount of work they did before
The facts of the continued decline in steel nro
duction show this to be inevitable Steel one
OF the leading mouthpieces for the steel industry
said last week:
One of the chief supports of The steel mar.
ket thus far in 1931--moderate demand from
the automotive industry---has been somewhat
undermined this week by decline In the Ford
Motor Co.'s requirements, which seems to lend
substance TO the report that the company will
shut down at Detroit for two months this sum
mer while its assembly plants work off a large
surplus of parts.'
So Mr.. Ford has been oyerproducing again
and will shut down in the summer when Love.
stone promises the bosses prosperity, and the
demand for steel will go still lower
But we have some later and sadder news for
the steel bosses, and that is the most recent re-
ports that steel and iron orders are the worst
In the history OF the steel industry. The Journal
of Commerce april %, 1921 has this to say
about it:
"nUest In Their Memory"
Not only are pig iron sales the smallest OF
the year. but some sellers who have been in the
iron business for generation or more state that
II is the dullest in their memory"
All this is based on facts such as the follow
ing.
u The railroads have the largest number OF
unused cars on their hands than ever bAfcre
On April the number Of these unused Vars
In good repair was 62S,704: this was an In
crease Of 7,l95 cars in one week.
y The General Electric Co. on April %.
1881, reported that there was decrease Of 81
per cent in orders billed by that company fce
the first quarter OF the year
- Automobile production is going down with
The prospect of Ford shutting up entirely.
A. Building construction "the first half Of
the month showed decline of per cent,
against a normal seasonal rise of TO- (An.
naIist, April ~, 1884,
All this shows that the capitalists see only ors
avenue for easing the crisis and saving tl1eii
profits--and that Is by cutting wages wholesale
for the entire workingclasa