davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Great Voices Are Due to Emotional
Capacity Of Singers, Students Say

New York, June 4.-P-Cold
engineering studies credit the
voices Of great singers to genius
instead of anatomy. When the
curve" Of a great voice is plotted,
on such a chart as carries the
stress calculations of a skyscrap-
er, mental and emotional capacity
are found to be the chief controls
of the genius" line.
These studies were made public
Thursday by the engineering
foundation. They were made by
Douglas Stanley, a fellow of the
Acoustical Society of America,
working with scientists 81 New
York university and the Bell lab
oratories. They cover 10 years
research.
Great singing voices" says the
report, "are due to the singers
mental and emotional capacity,
and not to any anatomical pecu-
liarities.
MANY new ideas as to breath
contro! and sound production
have arisen through these tests.
Observation Of great singers has
shown they never produce a
dead steady tone except at
pianissimo. The tone f%luctuateS
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04

in intensity with perfect regular
ity. This fluctuation, very wide
at high intensity, is accompanied
with a slight fluctuation of pitch.
This phenomenon Is called the
'vibrato.'
The vibrato is the result of 2
periodically applied impulse to
all the muscles which coordinate
in the act of phonation. Its fire.
quency is about six a second, but
can be increased.
THUS, all the time. the singer
actually is singing and stopping
singing, rapidly and regularly. AS
the intensity rises, the on i'm
pulse is more vigorous and the
swing Of the vibration increases.
This concept of the on and
off impulse is very different from
old notion of steady control of q
stream of breath"
The voice starts "as q mental
concept" says the report. This
brings into action two groups Of
muscles. Improper coordination
of the laryngeal muscles accounts
for the partial or total loss of
voice of most great singers at an
age when they should be in their
prime"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Receivership Taken
Away from l.. r. Baird

Fargo, N. D., June 4.-R-Receiv-
ership Of the closed Farmers State
Bank Of Leonard was ordered trans
ferred from r. A. Baird to q commit
tee Of three appointed by creditors Of
the bank shortly after 1t was closed.
by Judge N. J. Englert, Valley City,
in Cass county district court Wednes-
day.
Action was brought by creditors to
have Baird removed Is receiver on
the grounds the creditors holding
more than 80 per cent Of the deposits
had q right to choose their own re-
ceiver.
The court action was on an order
for Baird to show cause why the
transfer should not be made.
Baird, In his answer, maintained
the petitions did not represent more
than 30 per cent Of the deposit cred
ttor&.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
72-Year-Old Busy
With Wed Licenses

Chicago. June 4.-RHThe cof-
fers of the marriage license bu-
reau will grow considerably II
Bezenik Karezbalm, ~, keeps this
up.
Monday he appeared at the bu-
reau, slapped two dollars down on
the counter, and got the states
permission to marry Pearl Gold
man, go, a widow.
Wednesday Karezbalm was
back.
And what now?" asked the
clerk.
Another license please" said
Karezbalm as he dug down in his
pockets for another license. this
time to marry another widow.
Eva Chubin, So.
whats the matter with your
first GIRL" inquired the surprised
clerk.
"She changed her mind" said
Karezbalm.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Democrats Scored
For Tariff Attack

Washington, June 4.-R-Repre-
sentative Free of California Thursday
charged Democratic mouthpieces'
were assailing the Smoot-Hawley tar
If act entirely for political pur-
poses" while others were seeking q
high tariff on copper and boots and
shoes before the tariff commission.
In a statement through the Re-
publican national committee, Free
said the Democratic state of Arr
zona" headed by Governor w. p.
Hunt, assisted by Senators Hayden
and Ashurst and Representative
Douglas, Democrats, us directing the
fight for a high tariff on copper" be-
fore the commission. He said they
were seeking protection Of Smoot-
Hawley act along with Representative
Connery, Democrat, Mass, who re-
Gently urged an increase OF 50 per
cent ad valorem on boots and shoes
before the commission.
Free described the "antics OF the
Democratic mouthpiece" as comic"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
TWIN CITIES AWAIT
ARRIVAL OF PLANES
81 Army Airships, En- Route to
California, Expected From
Dayton, Ohio

st. Paul, June 4.-P)-The Twin
Cities prepared to look skyward
Thursday afternoon for arrival of g.
army planes in this areas biggest
aerial maneuver.
Three squadrons, comprising the
Goth pursuit group, en- route to Cali
fornia from the eastern c%oncentra-
ton, were to arrive about $3.50 p. m.
from Dayton, Ohio.
Tonight the fliers will be guests Of
the st. Paul association, the 109th
air squadron and the st. Paul Avia-
ton club.
Friday the 95th pursuit squadron,
commanded by Captain Frank Hun
ter, will fly to Minot, N. D., while
the 55th and 77th go to Aberdeen,
S. D. The 55th is commanded by
First Lieutenant G. E. Crumrine, and
the 77th by First Lieutenant w. E.
Richards.
Several officers arrived here We'd
nesday to make advance plans. Two
left Thursday for Aberdeen while two
more left for Minot.
Those going to Minot were Lieu
tenants S. r. Brentnall and A. F.
Softer.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Minnesota Road
Bonds Approved

New York, June 4-PeOfficials
OF the state Of Minnesota Thursday
got legal approval for issuance this
year Of a $4,000 900 block Of highway
bonds.
After q conference among Attorney
General Henry Benson, W.. H.. Cur
nee, assistant attorney general, State
Treasurer julius Schmahl, Highway
Commissioner. G. M. Babcock and
members of the law firm of Thomson,
Wood and Hoffman, It vas an
nounced the attorneys had approved
the issue.
The Minnesota legislature at recent
sessions authorized highway bond is
sues totaling $4,000, 900 under three
acts, but there had been some doubt
Is to legality Of selling all the bonds
this year.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
A. 0. j. ". REFLECTS
FARM MEN OFFICERS
lvar Larson, Mandan, Named
Past Grand Master Work.
man at Fargo Meeting

Fargo, June 4.-P-Bradley c.
Marks was returned to his post of
grand master workman of the A. o.
U. w. lodge and E. j. Moore reelected
as grand recorder at Thursdays ses-
sion Of the 22nd annual grand lodge
convention being conducted here. The
session ends Friday.
Both men are Fargo residents. Ivar
Larson, Mandan, was named past
grand master workman; j. j. Null
ready, Fargo, foreman: G.. j. Cow
erette, San Diego, Calf, overseer: M.
j. Boyd. Fargo, renamed treasurer;
E. G. Rosenheim, Fargo, guide;
Arthur Hagen, Arnegard, inside
watchman; and Anna j. Fredrickson.
Havre, Mont, outside Waterman.
Approximately 600 lodge Sheiks and
their guests are expected to attend
their annual dinner in the meeting
place tonight.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Of the city and on a trip through the
cfokn ao~iA~~kSn.-

Of the city and on a trip through the
state p~enitentiary.
Rev. David Stoeve, Fargo, presi-
dent OF the North Dakota district of
the N. L. G. A., will be the speaker
at q mass meeting at 8 o'clock
Thursday evening, to which the pub
lie Is invited. A program Of musical
numbers also has been arranged.
Communion and stewardship and
institutional work in which the fed
Grafton cooperates will be considered
by speakers at the meeting Friday
morning. Speakers will be Miss
Mable Thorstenson, Chicago; Rev. C..
+. Fylling, Mandan, and Rev. Bjorlie.
Faribault. Election Of officers will
take place in the afternoon.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Minnesota Paper Is
Winner in Contest

Atlanta, June 4.-R1-Marcy B.
Darnall, president Of the Alabama
Press association. told the National
Editorial association convention here
Thursday that honest editors WELD
big power.
Discussing the importance OF the
editorial page" he took occasion to
criticize what he termed the violence
and prejudice Of the editorials In the
early days Of American journalism
and paid tribute to the work Of the
reputable editor Of the present.
The Washington, IN. ~, Star, was
awarded the George B. Dolliver tro-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04

I Bible school will open at Stewards
dale In the Presbyterian church
there. All families having children
of school age are urged by Rev. Gull
son to send them to the school. A
children's program June IA will con-
clude the project.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Finds a Way to
Stop Attacks of Fits

Reports are received Of an amazing
treatment that epileptics state has
proved successful in stopping their
attacks. r. Lepso, Apt. 81, 1923 e.
Wright, Milwaukee, Wise, has been
supplying sufferers with this treat
ment. He now wishes to reach all
those who have not been helped and
to do so Is making the startling offer
Of a generous treatment free to all
sufferers. Anyone afflicted should write
for this free treatment at once, giving
age.-Advertisement.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04

ply for the best weekly newspaper
The paper also received honorable
mention In the community service
and best editorial page contests.
The trophy for the best editorial
page went to the Minneota, (Minn.),
Mascot.
In the front page contest the Har-
ward Oll.), Herald, was the unanimous
first choice Of the judges. The Her
aid also was given honorable mention
in the best weekly contest. The
Minneota Mascot o second place.
More than 80 papers competed.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Oldest Great Northern
Conductor in N. D. Dies

Fargo, June 4.-R)-Frank H. En-
gels. GO. Oldest Great Northern con-
ductor in point Of service in the Da-
kota division, died here Thursday. For
many years he was conductor on the
Great Northern train No. Z, the Win
nipeg flyer operating between Noyes
and Fargo.
Prior to that he was conductor on
the C%rookston, MIMI, local. between
Fargo and Crookston. Funeral serv-
ices will be Saturday with burial here.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Conduct Probe Into
Anderson Accident

An inquest to determine the cause
Of death Of s. I. Anderson, victim OF
an accident at a train crossing two
miles west of Mckenzie Tuesday
night, was neld here Thursday after
noon.
Coroner w. E.>Perry said Thursday
morning that probably only members
of the train crew, first to reach the
victims body, would be asked to tes-
tify.
There were no eye witnesses to the
tragedy.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04
Program Planned for
Church School Pupils

Glencoe. N. D., June "A chill
dren's day program Sunday at 10
q. m. In the Presbyterian church
here will conclude the Glencoe daily
vacation Bible school. The work is
in charge Of Rev. Gulson, local pas
tor.
Starting Monday, a daily vacation
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-04

There Is one car to every eight
families in Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

tomorrow: Politics and Pensions in
France.")
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
.ULT|MATUM SENT
VATICAN BY SPAIN
Government Seeks Author
ship of Seized Papers De-
scribed as InfIammatory.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MADRID, August 22.-An ultimatusn
from the government demanding that
the Vatican explain within five days
whether or not it was familiar with
documents seized from Catholic cleric
was on the way to Vatican City today.
The papers were said by the govern
ment to have been found on the Vicar
General of Vitoria, Justo Antonio Eche-
guren, as he attempted to cross the
border at San Sebastian last Frloay.
They were alleged to have advised the
clergy to dispose Of church properly
and send the money abroad. since
Friday such actions have been mace
illegal by government decree.
Confirmation Desired.
Miguel Maura, minister OF the IN
terror, said Papal Nuncio Federico Ted
eschini had already assured him the
Vatican had no knowledge of the docu-
ments, but he desired confirmation from
Vatican authorities He described the
papers as having an infiammatory erect
on the people.
Several batteries Of artillery and three
divisions Of troops win be sent TO the
northern provinces, Maura said, 70
dampen anti-government feeling, whlcn
he attributed to Catholic and Basque
nationalist inspiration. It Is intended
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
i. S. likely GOAL
IN GERMAN FLIGHT
Rody and Johanssen Hop for
Lisbon in Plane Levine
Owned.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BERLIN, August 22.-Willy Rody and
Christian Johanssen. German airmen.
hoped off from Templehof Airdrome
this morning for Lisbon on a fight
which may carry them across the At
lantic to the United States
An unnamed Portuguese also was
aboard. They were flying q 3O0-horse-
power plane formerly owned by Charles
A. Levine. American aviation enthu-
siast. It is similar to that in which
the late Baron Won Huenefeld and his
companions crossed the Atlantic several
years ago.
Superstitious about announcing their
attempt or being photographed before
the start, the flyers surrounded their
preparations with secrecy as far as pos
S.ble and took OF without even notify
ing airport police. The latter said the
machine suddenly appeared on the field
and, much to their surprise, took to the
air in a southerly direction.
Hangar mechanics said later the air.
men planned to make stops at Lyon,
Marseille and Barcelona. Their plane
is equipped with special tanks carrying
enough fuel for 40 hours in the air. II
also is equipped for blind flying and
has gyroscopic compass.
Johanssen, an experienced pilot, was
al the controls and Rody was doing the
navigating. Rody, a flying enthusiast
at 20, recently came into legacy and
straightway spent some Of it to buy the
plane they are using.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

The celebrated Hotel des Invalides, one
Of the architectural charms Of Paris
today. was big enough in the time Of
Louis XIV to take care of most of the
victims of the many wars Of his day,
and a simple bureau of the ministry Of
war took care of the problem until the
World War swelled it to proportions re-
curing a separate ministry Of pensions.
Two-thirds of the work of the min
istry of pensions has to do with the
World War The rest Is concerned
chiefly with pensions and disability
payments for the soldiers and sailors of
the regular army and the pensions of
retired officers. soldiers and sailors. It
still has to look after $4,000 victims
of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
however They receive $50 year. 1t
was five times that in purchasing power
when established. Like the Civil War
list in the United States, this list di-
rninisles perceptibly every year.
The list of World War victims is ex-
pected to cost the French government
about sl60 DOC, 900 year without dimi-
mutton for a great many years For
the needs of the survivors increase each
year in proportion as the shortened
lives of the war victims cut down the
number
downright 1881. by the North Americans
Newspaper Alliance, Ine.}
Tomorrow: politics and Pensions in
France")
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

they shall 60 through maneuvers only IN
the hope Of exercising calming effect.
Seven Newspapers Closed.
Seven Catholic newspapers Of anti
republican sympathies have been closed
IN the northern provinces, and similar
action Is planned against extreme Jour-
mails In other sections. A writer has been
arrested for an infiammaCory article in
San Sebastian newspaper.
II was announced purported plot 10
assassinate Senior Maura as he was
leaving cabinet meeting yesterday had
been nipped by police. Three men, de-
scribed as a Communist. an anarchist
and syndicalist. were waiting to hurl
bomb at the minister, but were fooled
and are now being sought.
The newspaper La Voc said the gov
ernment's protest to the Vatican over
the activities Of Cardinal Primate Pedro
Segura y Saenz demanded that the
appointments of the cardinal, exiled TO
France, and of Bishop Mugica Of Vitorta
be revoked.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

] Will NOT BE- RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY
25s
cARPEETER AND BUILpER-REPAIRTNc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
TWO MARYLAND MEN
ARE HELD AFTER RAID
Possession of Liquor Charged
When Agents Search Forest
vile House
BY stan Correspondent of The star.

BY Stan Correspondent Of The Star.
UPPER MARLBORO, Nd, August
%. - Accused Of possession Of liquor
and OF articles for its manufacture,
Miles A. Crusen and william H. john
son were held for the action of the
Federal Court In Baltimore yesterday
by United States Commissioner j..
Frank Parran.
The men we're arrested by Federal
agents at house near Forestvtlle.
where they reported finding still in
the basement, together with a quantity
Of liquor and mash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

sPECiAL NOTICEs.

Pensions In the past were always han
led as part Of the ministry Of war
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

so men. Thet breaks his own rec
ord for quantity, If nothing else.
He picked every bank president and
corporation head who have handled
their own affairs so ably in the last
year and half, and it is their stock
holders that constitute the present
needy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
ACTRESS ASKS DIVORCE
Ethel Clayton Claims Ian Keith
Hurled Crockery and Furniture.

LOS ANGELES. August 20 (P).-
Ethel Clayton, stage and screen actress,
has brought suit for divorce from Ian
Keith. actor Non-support and mental
cruelty are charged.
The suit clinaxed their third separa-
ton since their marriage in February
of 1928, after a divorce had terminated
the marriage Of Keith and Blanche
Yurka, Chicago actress. Miss Clayton
filed her action under their private
life names, Ethel Ross and Macauley
Ross.
Miss Clayton charged Keith became
intoxicated last Christmas and hurled
furniture and crockery at her. On
other occasions, the complaint added,
he displayed violent temper toward
her with friends present
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
Will Rogers
Says:

BEVERLY HILLS, Calf. - No
matter how bad depression gets, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22

now short we
become of the
necessities of
life, we never
seem to run out
of material to
put on q COM
m ission. Mr..
Hoover just got
ahold o. q book
called who's
Who for No
Reason at All.
and appointed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-22
FRENCH PENSIONS
COST 2AO MILLION
Highest Individual Payment
Is ST, 400, But Goes Only
to Completely Helpless.

cribs Is the sirth OF a series of
seven daily articles ,Uhtch haze been
telling whdt the United Stotes,
Great Britain and France haze done
for their tUdr peterdHs and what
they contemplate doinO.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
ASPARAGUS CULTURE

One could not have designed a bet
ter plant for the home vegetable garden
than the asparagus. 1t is hardy, stays
year in and year out and each Spring
turns in nice crop of tender shoots
to repay the owner for its care. As
paragus is generally grown from /
year plants which were produced from
seed by the nurSeryman. The home
owner can also use seed, but saves a
whole year by buying plants However.
2-year and older plants show but little
gain over 1-year plants. and are less
liable TO live following transplanting.
Asparagus is a member of the lily
family, although the small, inconspicu
Gus flowers would never suggest the
relationship. The two sexes are borne
on different plants, fact which would
in itself have no practical significance
Weld considerably more edible shoots.
Enough so that it would pay the home
gardener to buy twice as many plants
as he really needs and later discard
those with female flowers. One can
readily detect the latter by the absence
of stamens in the flowers. Plants are
relatively inexpensive so that discard
ing a few Is not a costly step.
One of the most important points in
the raising Of asparagus is the variety,
as varieties differ greatly in their sus-
ceptibility to a. destructive disease
known as rust. Some of the new vari-'
ties. such as Mary Washington, are
practically free from this disease, and
IL is certainly a mistake not to make
use Of this fact. The Department Of
Agriculture was responsible for the de-
velopment of rust-resistant asparagus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
BANK ROBBERY CLUE
PICKED UP ON COAST
Chinese Woman, Held in San Fran
cisco, Charged With Receiving
Stolen Property.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 18.-With
the arrest OF Helan Leon, 81, alias Hilda
Zip, San Francisco Chinese. on a
charge Of receiving stolen property and
as fugitive from justice, police an
nounced last night they had picked up
the trail of q robber gang believed re-
sponsible for the $4,000 hold-up of
the First National Bank Of Hartford,
Wis. last year.
The woman was arrested after she
was alleged to have attempted to sell
through brokerage house negotiable
securities said to have been among the
$3.50 worth taken by three men, who
slugged the Hartford bank cashier and
rified the safe. They also stole SIS 900
currency.
Brokerage house ofIicials became sus-
picious and called authorities. When
the woman returned for her money she
was taken into custody by police, who
traced the bonds. valued by them at
$4,000. Miss Leon refused to talk.
Another sale of similar bonds was
under investigation. The sale was made
by Mrs. Helen Dorton, San Francisco,
through different brokerage house.
Mrs. Dorton told authorities she made
the sale for Miss Leon on the promise
OF a commission, which she said she did
not receive. Mrs. Dorton was not held
The robbery, police said, occurred
July ~, 1890, shortly before noon, while
several customers were in the bank.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
GARDEN DRAINAGE

Practically none Of the vegetable or
Towering plants commonly grown in
local gardens will thrive if their roots
stand in water for any considerable
length Of time. There are some ex-
ceptions, of course, such as water
lilies, water cress and the like, and
some plants, such as japanese iris, have
much more liking for wet roots than
others Many plants. such as the COM
mon iris, can stand wet roots during
Winter and Spring, but need a drying
out in Summer.
Generally speaking drainage Is not a
serious problem in local gardens. Most
of our gardens are located on more or
less sloping land, SO that excess water
flows from the surface, and most Of our
gardens are underlaid with a thick
stratum of gravelly soil that allows the
moisture to descend rapidly after it
Ssas once passed through the clayey top
soil Only in gardens that lie in poorly
drained depreSsions does the drainage
problem become acute, and unless the
owner can have a drain made to carry
water away to a lower level, he must
modify his gardening practice to meet
the situation, perhaps develop a real
water garden. In some cases a line OF
tile may be placed so as to effect the
necessary drainage. Excess water is
quite as bad a handicap as water short
age and sometimes more difficult to
overcome.