davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-19

The boards from which the boxes
are made are about one and one.
half inches thick.
Ordinary Dimensions
The boxes are made Of rough
lumber. For ordinary work the
following dimensions are sugfi.
Gent.
Length IL feet
Width: foot inside measure
ment
Depth: inches inside meas
urement.
Thickness Of material: AZ
inches
One lind Narrow
One end Of each box should be
narrower than the other. This
permits the telescoping 81 the
boxes. AS the gravel bank re-
cedes. boxes from the discharge
end are brought to the head end
Thus. il is not necessary to move
the entire sluice IN order to keep
close to the working face.
The box into which the grav-
81 is shoyeled Is called the head
box II is equipped with a
grizzly or bars to prevent the
large bouldsrs and rocks from
entering the sIuice. This IL also
where the water enters the dnice.
Grizzly Construction
The grizzly il made 81 iron
bars Or heavy pipe. Ths spac-
ing. between the bars win depend
upon the size OF the gravel II
only medium sized gravel with
very few large rocks win Be en-
countered, a perforated sheet
may be used.
The RIFLES can be- constructed
Of many different things: wooden
Blocks, angle iron. poles cobbie
stones, boulders. etc, have been
used They may run che length
Of the box o. across 1t. Fieufe
2 shows some Of the RIFLES fl
common use. The boxes are shown
with one side removed.
Sliucs Section
In Figure Is shown q section
Of sluice. The number Of
boxes making up the sluice de-
ponds upon the amount Of mater
az to be handled and the size
y the gold Fine gold requires
more time to settle.
When real fine gold Is present.
ne last siuice box may Be re-
'aaced by . very wide table
about re feet) from 10 to 20
Get IN length. A screen "a placed
yer the end Of the sIuice box so
hat only the sands ana fine
old can get onto the table. The
able ia divided into sections eight
ct vide and each half covered
nth burlap tightly stretches.
Saves Hane Gold
The naateriaI Is allowed 10
Evening star., 1931-11-28

r INDIVIDUALITY of the colonial
house has been brought to the
suburban lot in this delightful de-
Il sign. The living room wing and
garage wing serve to make the
small forecourt garden very intimately
part of the house. Simple landscaping
Of this garden and the central pool
create an attractive entrance.
The exterior walls of the house are
stucco in any one of several suitable
colors such as cream. light buff or gray
white. The piers are Of wood quoins. The
roof is slate or wood Shingle at the de-
sire of the owner, and colors In either
case should be in warm tones Of gray,
sienna, sepia and gray blue. Chimney
is of red brick or whitewashed brick.
All trim around doors and windows
should be painted white and the shut
ters painted dark blue-green.
Entrance Door Lights.
Side lights about the entrance door
are loaded glass and could be left clear
glass, or certain of the old-fashioned
hues might be used.
Two large bed rooms and a bath
form the intimate portion Of the house,
while living room, dining room and
kitchen assume the role of living-work-
ing area. The garage balances the
space of the living room. There are
two bed rooms available on the second
floor.
Harmony Of Design.
Pilastered exterior walls and linking
arches on the front and the repetition
Of these piers on the ends of the living
room and garage wings provide har-
moniouS design throughout.
The house should face toward the
south, but this is not arbitrary. 1t
Evening star., 1931-11-28

Costa Rica is considering plan of
paying salaries of all dependents of the
government on a basis of three-1fths Ill
cash and tWo-flfths in due bills.
Evening star., 1931-11-28

is the enactment Of legislation that
will provide facilities for keeping tax
payers informed as to the financial
status of their governments. Pointing
out that no private business could run
long without making a report of its
activities to its stockholders, the tax
report reminds the public that it seldom
receives reports as to the condition OF
the governments in which 1t invests
its hard-earned money.
Declaring that the gasoline tax has
resulted in extravaganza and waste,
Prof Leland calls sales taxes, emer-
gency measures and temporary expedi-
ents. If adequate tax relief cannot be
secured "in any other way he suggests
taxing tobacco soft drinks, carbonic
acid gas, etc. Such measures must be
worked out by the individual States and
no general recommendation as to what
commodities should be taxed can be
made.
Inequalities Universal.
Assessment inequalities under the
property tax are almost universal
except where approved assessment
methods have been adopted. Prop
erty in one township is frequently as
seSsed at a different percentage of
value than property in another AS
sessments between counties and even
city wards are unequal In some States
farm property Is assessed at a higher
percentage of its value than city lots.
THE kind of tax which conforms
most clearly to accepted fiscal prin-
ciples and to the policies enunciated
in this platform is the personal income
tax. Every State should adopt such a
tax with a uniform filing fee. No
exemptions from this tax should be
provided, but in order to meet condi-
tions Of dire necessity, reasonable
abatements or refunds may be allowed"
Some States have the reforms urged
by Prof. Leland. For instance, the fol-
lowing have provisions for uniform &C
counting systems: Wyoming, Ohio,
Iowa, New York, Kansas, Washington,
Indiana, Virginia, Louisiana, California,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, Idaho,
Mississippi, oregon, Massachusetts,.
Evening star., 1931-11-28
GOVERNMENT COST
! STUDIED IN SURVEY
Adoption of Established BuSi-
ness Methods Seen
Urgent Need.
Continued From First Page.)

a painstaking audit can show their
fiscal situation, the professor finds.
Most governments prepare no bud
gets; laws providing for the taxation
of tangible personal property are not
enforced. and real property owners are
paying costs Of streets and municipal
activities used and shared by the world
at large. the survey shows.
The report asks for the relief of real
estate, a general income tax, an 'en-
forced poll tax or filing fee, the elimi-
nation of inequalities In real estate tax
assessments, and lower rates on intan-
gibles because high taxes on intan-
gibleS do not produce revenues"
In that portion of the survey that
describes other places where funds may
be found for running governments, Prof.
Leland points out that urban motorists
have paid almost entirely for the State
highway system, and, therefore, the
various States should share portion
of the gasoline taxes with cities. Such
funds would be used for the construc-
ton and maintenance of city streets
and thus relieve real estate owners of
one of the many charges now laid at
their doors.
Recommends One Unit.
Long term financial planning, debt
lnl1LaUlOn laws, the CuTLd14IIlGIlL O1
public indebtedness, and the substitu-
ton of one unit of local government
in a territory instead Of many are
among the plans offered for cost re-
ductionS that will not alter essential
government functions.
On this subject, Prof. Leland points
out that it would not be reasonable to
cut expenditures for police, fire, health
departments and such other services
as are necessary for the public welfare.
and calls attention to the fact that
government cannot cut costs in times
of depression, as businesses can, be-
cause the depression does not bring any
curtailment of demand for government
services.
In fact" points out the survey, "the
present plight of industry and COM
merce has materially increased the
burden upon governments. Urban
communities are now called upon TO
provide for the relief of unemploy-
ment"
Another innovation asked by Leland
Evening star., 1931-11-28
MEXICO TOWN SCARED
BY QUEER ACTING STAR
Heavenly Phenomenon Thought by
Populace to Signify Some
Great Disaster.

BY the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY. November 28.-In-
habitants of Aqua Dulce, Vera Cruz,
were reported in the local newspaper
La Prensa yesterday as having seen a
huge star behaving strangely in the
heavens Thursday night.
The correspondent at Aqua Dulce,
which means sweet water" said the
star appeared on the ground and slowly
ascended in the sky where, after loop
ing the loop few times and shooting
off innumerable sparks it settled down
in the armament.
The story, published under banner
headlines, said the ascent took 10 min
utes. Almost everybody in town saw
the phenomenon, it said, and was panic
stricken because it was believed to signi-
fy many dire events to follow.
Evening star., 1931-11-28
PARLEY TO RECEIVE
RESULTS OF STUDY
Presidents Conference on
Home Ownership to
Open Wednesday.
Continued From First Page.)

comparable institutions to aid villagers.
The section found that this same Situ-
alton is true of a group which is becom-
ing increasingly important. namely, the
suburban group, many OF whom are
part-time farmers living outside Of
city, but in unincorporated territory.
Three and one-half million people were
added to this group during the last
decade, bringing the total for the coun-
try to approximately eleven million.
The committee feels that the financing
and other problems relating to the
housing Of this group merits special at
tention.
A factual picture of the conditions
Of housing of the colored population in
all sections Of the country Will be pre-
sented to the Presidents Conference by
a committee of representative civic
leaders of the Negro race.
Overcrowding, dilapidated structures
with primitive sanitary arrangements,
high rents, and unusual difficulties in
financing home ownership are the rule
rather than the exception in colored
housing, the committee has found from
an analysis OF studies made in recent
years in all centers of such population.
The movement to cities, definitely
noted in 1880 and acceleratirg in pace
ever since, has greatly intensified the
social problems connected with Negro
housing During the past decade the
cOlored population in urban centers in
creased 1913 per cent, whereas the rural
areas showed decrease CT 3.3 per cent.
Typical of this movement is the in
crease in colored residents In New York
from 81 ,7o9 in 1910 to 327,706 in 1880.
At the same time that their numbers
have been increasing, according to the
committee, the areas of their residence
in the Northern cities have shown
tendency toward concentration within
fewer wards since 1880.
Pick Priced Homes.
What happens to the colored immi-
grant to the Northern industrial cities
is thus stated by the committee: THE
level of Negro income points him to-
ward the sections of low-priced dwell
ings. Real estate operators and home
building concerns or individuals find it
impracticable to build new homes in
deteriorated residence areas
With populations constantly increas-
ing and neither new houses nor new
areas available to colored people, what
happens, according to the committee, is
constant doubling up Forty per cent
of the colored and Mexican one-family
households in Chicago, for example,
were found to be taking in dodgers IN.
1925. The density of colored popula-
ton, according to the committee, was
twice as great as the total in Chicago,
and nearly five times as great in Phil
adelphia.
In New York City, where population
density is In a measure compensated by
high buildings, the total density for the
city was 223, while the Negro density
was 336 per acre, although Negroes have
comparatively few apartments high
enough to require elevators"
Evening star., 1931-11-28

Wisconsin, Missouri and Rhode Island.
Thirty States provide for the inspec-
ton of local accounts by State officers.
A filing fee Of 81 Is required under
the income tax in Utah. In Delaware
up to 1926. a filing fee of SO was re-
quired from every person over 81 years
of age, regardless of whether ,te re-
ceived any income. This fee produced
approximately 100000 per year.
Virginia always has had the program
for integration of local governments
Prof. Leland would see in all States.
Cities are given the status of counties
and overlapping governments and over
tapping tax levies are avoided by max
ing the areas of the city independent
from those of county governments. In
Maryland. Baltimore County and BaIti-
more City are separate governmental
units, occupying separate territories,
and each is the sole government in its
territory.
Evening star., 1931-11-28
STORE PLANS FILED
New Structures on Georgia Avenue
to Cost $4,000.

Plans for the construction of two
one-story brick and concrete store
buildings at 1859 Georgia avenue. hav-
ing total estimated construction cost
of $4,000, have been filed with the
District government by the Public Mo-
Inc, is listed as the building agency.
Woolen blanket mills in the Meth
erlandS are working double shifts
Evening star., 1931-11-28
CLEAN BEFORE FROST
Definite Economies Result From
Conditioning Heating Plant.

Definite Winter economies are in
order If the home-heating system is
put in good condition before the first
frost, declares the Holland Institute Of
TECHNOLOGY.
The institute states: THE heating
plant should be in good physical condi-
ton and thoroughly cleaned. This in
wolves the removal of dust and SCOT
accumulations from the chimney, the
smoke pipe and the heater itself Not
only will thorough cleaning make for
more eficient plant performance, but
1t will reveal defects such as cracks
in chimney or leaks in smoke pipe and
heater that interfere with draft and
prevent complete fuel combustion. The
cost of a thorough cleaning will be
Offset by fuel savings and decreased
household cleaning expense"
Evening star., 1931-11-28
APPROVE TRADE RULES
Standards Accepted for Practice by
Electrical Contractors.

0IdAudAuS 11SScPIcu 1OE 6EdCCACe Dy
Electrical Contractors.
The Federal Trade Commission has
approved and accepted a number of
trade practice conference rules adopted
by the electrical contracting industry
at q conference at Kansas City, Mo-,
last March. The rules also have been
accepted by a committee appointed at
the conference to act for the industry
The rules concern the subjects of
inducing breach of contract, enticing
competitors employees, defan alton Of
competitors, selling goods below cost,
shipping products which do not con-
form to samples submitted, using mate
rials or methods of installation not In
accordance with applicable Government
laws, secret rebates or knowingly
aiding or abetting another in use of
unfair trade practices.
Evening star., 1931-11-28
Policemen Seek Confidence.

To inspire confidence on the part
Of children in policemen, the l,4OO
members of the Bogota. Colombia, po-
lice force made house-to-house can
vass and distributed $4,000 toys 20 as
many children
Evening star., 1931-11-28
STONE RESIDENCE SOLD
Property at 31o1 Albemarle Street
Changes Hands.

S4Aoh 1AaAdS.
The large stone residence at 3101
Albemarle street. located on a tract of
more than one acre, has been pur-
chased by Charles Jacobsen from A. d.
Fulmer through the agency Of Boss g.
Phelps
The house contains IL main rooms
and four baths, with three-car built
in garage.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
Haney Finds Scant Signs
OF ReuivaL This Year

as O whole can still be called
fairly stable.
A little seasonal activity in auto
mobile production connected
with the bringing out Of new
models may be noted. Employ
ment increased at Detroit. These
developments, however, should
not be overplayed. as automobile
sales are backward.
Some increased activity. in the
paper industry is noted. Lumber
sales and shipments have recently
exceeded production.
There is not much more to be
said on the favorable side,, how
ever, and the fact is that indexes
Of industrial activity touched new
lows last week.
Many ReceSsiOns
It is very doubtful If November
figures will make any better show.
ing than October figures. They
are more likely to be q little lower.
. Some Of the industries which
were most active q few months
ago, as cotton textiles, shoes and
cigarettes, are now reactionary.
This is particularly true of cot
ton manufacturing. Both raw
cotton and cotton cloth markets
were weaker.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
OCT0BERNETUP
FOR RAILWAYS

The first eight railroads to
report for October had net
operating income amounting to
$S,272,OO0. as compared with
$11,250,0 900 in the 1890 month, Q
decline Of 1874 per cent, and
with $15,S22, 900 in october, 1929,
a drop Of ATT per cent.
In September this year these
carriers had net operating in.
come Of $7,938,000, a reduction
Of 3l.6 per cent from the
$ll,6l6,00O shown in the CORES.
ponding month Of last year.
Gross. revenues Of these eight
roads in October aggregated $34,-
100000, against $42,3l0,0O0 in
October, 1880, a decrease of 1872
per cent and against $50, ,569, 900
in the 1929 month, a decline
Of IS per cent.
In September this year their
gross amounted to $33,0l9, 900, q
drop Of 81 per cent from the
$41,S2l 900 reported in Septem.
Der, 1890.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
COTTON BREAKS
WHEN SUPPORT
SLACKENS
Losses in All Positions Are
Scored When Traders
Renew Selling

NEW YORK, Nov. Is dN.SO.
Cotton futures dropped back
sharply today, as renewal Of
selling pressure coincident with
weakness in both grain and
securities, influenced declines
which reached as high as 81 A.
bale around the midday mark.
SteadineSS at the outset was
due largely to price fixing
orders, but when these had been
filled, support was encountered
only on a scale down basis. with
active selling by cooperative
brokers, local traders and spot
firms.
Decline Is Rapid
The rapidity with which the
market gave way today was
taken to indicate that yesterdays
advance had impaired it's tech.
nical position considerably. It
also proved rather convincinvlv
the dependence Of cotton upon
the course Of fluctuations In
other markets, principally grain
and securities.
The weekly weather report
pointed out that the late gather.
ing OF cotton was deplayed by I'm.
favorable weather in the north.
western portions of the belt and
also in the Mississippi Valley
districts.
The weather forecast indicated
that heavy rainfall was again on
the map for a number OF Texas,
Oklahoma and Arkansas stations
Light Rains General
Light rains fell elsewhere across
the Mississippi. Showers were in,
dicated along the Atlantic sea.
board and in the interior Of
Georgia, as well as in Louisiana,
Mississippi, Alabama, Northwest
Florida and in the Rio Grande
Valley. Fair and colder weather
was forecast otherwise ACROSS the
Mississippi.
. At midday the market showed
declines Of from II to II points,
with December off II at sos,
January off 81 at 6.16, March off
81 at ,6.33, May off % at 6.5I,
July off 81 at $40, and October
off 81 at 6.97.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
nj v BRAZILIAN
DEFAULT. SEEN

The possibility that all pay
mentS for the account Of foreign
debt service on the external obli'
cations Of the Brazilian States Of
MinaS Geraes and Rio Grande do
Sui may be delayed is indicated
in "a special printed report made
by the Latin-American Bondhold'
erS Association, Inc, which points
out that. their principal products
are unstable at remuneratiVe
prices and the gold reserves Of the
union are in danger Of extinction.
In the case of Rio Grande do
Sui, the rs Of l927.66 have al.
ready defaulted as to the NoveH11-
ber 4 interest. The report com
ments:
;"Such . procedure, besides be-
ing eEhicalIy Heprehen ible,
would be extremely foolish be-
cause investors in the United
States and France have plenty :.
Of money to pour imt0 South
America when confidence i'm the
basic SOlvency Of these countries
n restored. provided that moth.
ing shall have occurred in the
meantime TO throw doubt on
their faith.
"M . prosperous State, Hike
Minas Geraes or Rio Grande do
Sui. should assume that default
iS o natural condition Of any
! South American government I'm
present. circumstances, the eff.
feCt will be devastating for al
LAtin-American credit"
The total debt Of MinaS Geraes
Is about $24, $50, 900, Of which S16,,
le4, 900 Is dollar debt. The total
foreign debt Of Rio Grande do Sui
is approximately $50, ,000, 900, and
the dollar debt Of the cities in
that state $4,000, 900.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
Ry LEWIS MANEY

U1R0CtOE new YORK UMtVeRoAGy WUI0@W OF
Business Research ..
The general business situation
showed little change last week,
but such Developments as oc'
Cured hardly suggest any sus'
tained recovery this year.
The brightest spot is found in
the generally stronger banking
situation. According to one re-
porting agency. there were only
26 banking failures last week,
against SO and 81 in the two pre-
ceding weeks.
Gold Supply Up.
The countrySs gold supply was
increased last week bySSizeable i'm
ports. AS foreign exchange rates
are declining, it now seems likely
that more gold will come back
to US. -.
This is Of no particular impor.
tance, except that it relieves the
strain on, the banks, and possibly
reduces the likelihood of unsound
tinkering with our monetary
system. IT,
We can also say that com.
modify prices AVERAGES show little
change. While there were some
spectacular declines in speculative
commodity markets, the price level
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
Denmark Reports
Stable Finances

In order to prevent any with.
draWal Of American capital from
Denmark as q result Of that coun.
Cry'S temporary abandonment of
the gold standard, the Danish
government sent o note to the
American State Department yes
terday StreSSing that the finan.
cial situation In Denmark is Of
an exceptionally stable charac.
ter"
The note also called attention
70 the fact that Danish exports
showed new high records during
the first nine months of 1891,
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
Storage Battery
EnrEtinQ Dividend

Electric Storage Battery Co.,
Philadelphia, Is understood to be
currently earning more than the
present quarterly dividend of 81.
This represents an improve.
ment since the company fell short
of this IN the second and third
quarters: Directors, therefore.
continued the dividend on basis
established three months ago
when it was reduced to 81 from
$1.2S.
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
RAIL PAY SLASH
+. THREAT MADE

NEW YORK, Nov. IS QN.S0D
The railroad brotherhoods were
given the choice Of voluntarily
agreeing to O wage cut Of about
10 per cent at the December 9
meeting in Chicago Of $500 gen.
eral brotherhood chalrmen or
facing immediate action there.
after by the major roads ordering
such reductions, it was announced
today.
The railroad executives decided
to- defer action on the wage cut
until after the Chicago meeting,
because, Leamy pointed cut:
"The railroads would natur.
ally prefer to have reductions
made through voluntary action
. by labor"
5"If the attitude Of labor to.
ward . reduction IL negative,
the presidents have no alterna-
tive but TO undertake O ReduC.
tiOn IN wages under the proceed.
ufe provided BY the labor pro.
visions Of the transportation
act"
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK
CHICAGO, Nov. rs (fNs)

Cn1CAGC, NOV. rs 0NS).
Hogs-Receipts. $4,000: 10 to
!Sc higher. Top. $4.66: bulk,
$4t2S04.60: heavy. $4.2S04.6O:
medium. $4.25@4.55; light, S42o
@4.66: light lights, 9404.4O: pack.
ing sowS, $3.7S04.IO: pigs, $3.50
AIS. Holdovers, 5000.
Cattle-Receipts, $4,000; steady,
Calves-Receipts, 2,50O: steady.
Beef steers: Good and choice, 10
q 1Sc; common and medium, So
1Oc: yearlings, 9012c. Butcher
cattle: Heifers, S3.5O04.50: COWS.
$S:2505,50; bulls, S3.25@S.2S:
calves, $507.S0: feeder steers a
OF; stocker. $5.SO@e.50: Stocker
cows and heifers, S3@4.60.
sheep-Receipts. 10000: 2Sc
higher: :. Lambs, sS.So@e.6o; com.
mon. $3.SO04.60; yearlings, 640
.; eWes' sos; feeders, 1850
lao
The Washington times., 1931-11-25
NEHI PASSES COMMON

Directors Of Nehi Corporation
have deferred action covering
the regular quarterly dividend
on the common stock for the
three months ending December l,
it was announced BY c. "A.
Hatcher, president, In . letter
to stockholders. The stock was
on an annual basis Of 60 cents
per share, 4S cents having been
paid during the first three
quarters this year.