davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
September

liking Alexander ends dictatorship
of Jugoslavia.
2--1talo.Vatican clash is settled.
4--Major James A. Doolittle estab-
fishes new transcontinental air.
plane record, IL hours, 16 min
uteS. 10 seconds.
4-President Hoover announces
China will buy l5,000,0 900 bushels
of farm boards wheat surplus.
l4-Aimec Senple Mcpherson, 80, Is
we'd to David Hutton. 80.
is" "Mutiny" breaks out In British
navy, objection to pay cuts.
l5-Mahatma Gandhi, in London,
makes demand for India's free
dom.
lS-Hostilities break out between
China and Japan in Mukden,
Manchuria.
l9-David Starr Jordan. 80. first pres
ident of Leland Stanford univer-
sity, dies.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
o'Nea' Confident Agriculture
Has Reached Bottom and
Will Begin Rise
BY E. A. O'NEAL
President, American Farm Bureau
Federation

AS 1882 opens am confident that
agriculture has reached the bottom.
Already a tremendous factor is al
work which, with wise craftsmanship
to assist, will pull the nations basic
industry back again to the place
where the full force of the farmers
influence can be exercised for the re.
covery of national economic cquilib-
rum.
How severe the suffering OF our
farmers has been is suggested by the
TACT that the year 1881 saw the
prices OF many of our staple agricul-
@ural crops reach the lowest point
known in generation.
And yet, ironical as it u.s. the worlds S
supply of these staple crops is less
than normal. if the law Of supply and
demand could operate.
Organization Has Value
Out OF the very severity Of the
blows which have been the farmers
lot has been born the factor which
spells our salvation. We have learned
the value of organization.
The very desperation of our situa-
ton has brought the various groups
together in a concerted effort to OBJ
tain national aid.
Farmers have become organization
conscious this last year to degree
never before known. and it is through
the power of organization that we vi
sion the rainbow of hope for an up
turn in our situation.
In a unified agriculture we shall
have sufficient force to bring about
adoption Of the measures which we
feel are needed at the present time.
For somewhat more than two years
agriculture has been watching the ad-
miniStration of the agricultural mar
keting act.
Equalization Fee Need
With an amendment to permit use
of the equalization fec principle we
are confident this great measure can
be made to function to the full bene-
fit Of our industry and with the cost
resting only on the farmers shoul-
ders.
Farmers also are looking to the time
when the speculative influences that
affect our business adversely can be
restrained and regulated.
The year 1882 should soc great
advance made in that sector of our
field operations to establish equality
for agriculture.
Agriculture is seeking certain W-
gent changes in the national finan-
cial structure SO more liberal credit
facilities may be available to lis who
feed and clOthe the nation and sup
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31


into the speed of light.
Another serious loss was that of Dr..
Alfred Wegener. a German scientist
who lost his life in the cold wastes
OF Greenland where he was seeking
facts to support his theory that the
continents are slowly drifting apart.
X X X
The visit, last winter, of DR.. Albert
Einstein, the great relativist, started
series Of discussions among astron-
omers. These already have resulted
in a modification of one phase of the
Einstein theory and may cause fur
ther changes among scientists in their
beliefs about the universe.
1t was on the basis of the discovery
made by pr. Richard c. Tolman Of
California Tech and DR.. Edwin P.
Hubble, at Mt. Wilson Observatory,
that the universe Is continually ex-
panding and changing it's shape. that
Einstein had to drop his theory of
symmetrical. spherical space in which
he said the universe existed.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

Knute Rockne, Notrc Dame football
coach, killed in air transport crash
near Emporia, Kan., March 81.
condemning trial marriage, d.
vorce and birth control.
16-League of Nations considers Aris-
tide Brands plan for United
States of Europe"
l9-Wickersham Commission report
on prohibition enforcement goes
to president after 10 months re-
search.
e2-Anna Pavlowa, IS, worlds leading
ballerina, dies.
e5-Mahatna Gandhi released from
British prison in India after nine
months.
p9-secretary of State stimson apolo-
gizes to Italy for remarks made
by Maj.-Gen. Smedley Butler at
Philadelphia about Mussolin.
y0-Pierre Laval becomes premier OF
France.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
October

5-Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Hern-
don fly the Pacific
5-Senator Dwight w. Morrow, SO, OF
New Jersey. dies.
6-President Hoover announces ma
tional credit plan.
7-Daniel French. 81, famed sculp-
tor, dies.
l6-Divorce. never before permitted ir
Spain. is voted by National AS
sembly.
l8-Hoover speaks at Yorktown cele-
bration.
l8-Thomas A. Edison, inventor, dies.
22-Premier Pierre Laval Of France
arrives in America.
23-Winnie Ruth Judd. alleged trunk
murderesS, surrenders in Los An
geles.
24-League OF Nations asks Japan tc
withdraw her troops from Man
churia.
25-Al Capone sentenced to IL years
in prison, $4,000 fine, and $780,
600 costs.
26-Charles A. Coniskey, 70, owner OF
Chicago White Sox. dies,
28-William H. Gardiner, president
OF Navy League, charges Presi-
dent Hoover with "abysmal igno-
rance"
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

the war left the American industry
excessively dependent upon the Euro
pean market. But, as early as 1927,
the cultivated area Of Europe, outside
Russia, was back to 81 per cent of
the pre-war average and the need for
American products decline proper
tionately
The action by southern states TO
limit the 1882 cotton acreage is seen
as evidence of realization at last that
the law of supply and demand must
be observed.
There Is further indication In the
voluntary reduction in winter wheat
acreage for 1882. in country buying Of
fewer meat animals to fatten and in
more dairy cattle going to slaughter.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
AGRICULTURE Will
BEGIN COMEBACK IN
1882, HYDE THINKS
Secretary Points Out How Vi
cissitudes Of 1881 Robbed
1ilIers Of Soil

washington, Dec. 81 -R- The
farmers own sudden realization of the
Embellishments which affect his eco
nomic disparity is counted upon by
Secretary Hyde to start agriculture
back to the prosperity of which it so
largely was robbed by the vicissitudes
of 1881.
From June 1929, to June 1881, the
prices OF products the farmers sell
declined Al per cent. whereas the
prices OF goods they buy fell only l6
per cent.
industry cushioned its price decline
by curtailed production. The June,
1881, output of manufactured articles
was IS per cent smaller than the
June, 1929, while the total crop acre
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
PROGRESS OF SCIENCE IN 1871
BODIES MORE FOR COMING YEAR

Other great scientists-like Sir
James Hopwood Jeans of Cambridre
ana DR.. Harlow Sllapley of the Har.
varo Onservatory-have insisted on q
I,onstsntly expanding universe that is
breaking up at rapid rate.
4 X i
Inc astronomers got a further Jolt
"hen DR.. E. F. Carpenter of the rini.
verslty OF Arizona reported that the
universe is not SO great as they
Cnorc J. 1t was, that the distant stars
We're not so far off as believed. He
SAID that the light from these stars
passed through some light absorbino
matter in the Milky Way before
Ieachlng the earth. thus reducing
their apparent brightness.
Interesting and important was the
announcement of new planet. and
maybe two or three, made by Profess
sor William H. Pickering. DR.. Pick
erlng says the new planet, which he
terms p" is almost twice as far off
as the most recent planet, Pluto, or
from 100000 900 to 5000 ,oO0, 900 miles
from the sun: that it is $4,000 miles in
diameter and that its year is equal to
656 earth years.
Astronomers were able to view the
rare shower OF Leonid meteors which
appear only once in 80 years and in
1881 were seen to best advantage
since 1866.
\ X +
Progress has been made in tnves-
tigation into the most minute part of
matter, the atom. Dr. Robert j. Van
de Graaff of Princeton announced a
simple and inexpensive method of
building a generator capable of devel-
oplng 20,000,000 volts, which might be
the way toward actual cleavage OF the
atom and even transmutation of ele-
mentS.
Discovery of the last unknown ele-
ment, No. IS. was announced by Pro-
tessor Fred Allison of Alabama Poly
technic Institute He calls it eka-
iodine, and says it is so rare that only
one part in billion of it's containing
ore can be recovered.
Chemists had much to talk about
III the ward of coveted 81 900 prize
to young Professor Linus c. Pauling
of California Institute of Technology,
the most promising young chemist in
the United States" His particular
work is understandable only to a very
few, yet great results arc expected.
1t applies to the structure of crystals
and the invisible forces that bind
chemicals together
y x
Evolution maintained a high place
in the interest of scientists.
DR.. Henry Fairfield Osborn, director
of the American Museum of Natural
History in New York, announced that
his investigation into the development
OF thousands Of elephants teeth in
museums the world over convinced
him that evolution proceeded stead
lily and not in jumps; that it devel-
oped outward from single germ
plasm, and that variations of species
were merely the results of an original
creative pattern which was within the
germ from the beginning
Furthermore. he added, man can
be traced much farther back than the
Java ape man of 100000 years ago, to
the PiltdoWn man of 1,125,0O0 years
ago.
In addition to all these theories and
discoveries, science made real contri-
buttons to the practical side of life.
DR.. j. C. McCiennan of the Uni
versity of Toronto announced a secret
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
March

l-President Sanchez Cerro of Peru
resigns under army and navy
pressure.
4EMahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin
sign accord to end Gandl1i's cam
paign of civil disobedience."
16-The sealing steamer Viking, on
movie expedition, explodes OFT
Newfoundland, killing 20.
l8-President departs on Caribbean
cruise.
18-l 800 prisoners riot at Joliet Gll)
prison.
2l-Germany announces trade pact
with Austria.
27-Arnold Bennett, 63, British au-
thor, dies.
31-Knute Rockne, 43. Notre Dame
football coach, and seven Others
killed in airplane near Emporla,
Kan.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
10 Biggest Stories
Of Year Selected

(Selected by Charles Honce, Exec
utive News Editor, The Associated
PreSs)
Hoover moratorium.
2-Sino-Japanese conflict.
3-Post- -Gatty world flight.
4-Edison death.
5-Rockne death.
6-Alfonso's abdication.
starr Faithful death mys-
terry.
8-Stratosphere experiment.
91Bryan Untiedt, boy storm
hero.
10-Al Capone conviction.
Runners-up: Change of govern
ment in Britain and dropping of
gold standard: Lindbergl flight;
Managua earthquake; Belize hur-
ricane; Gandhi'S London visit;
Wickersham report; Grandi and
Laval visits to Washington: Ma
tional Credit Corporation; King of
Slams visit; Ceilings murder case.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
Agriculture Aims
For 1892 Described
(By The Associated Press

Looking back over 1881, agricul-
ture surveys a none-too-rosy year
OF falling prices for it's produce.
But the dawn Of 1882 brings with
1t ray of hope for brighter days
largely attributed to tie fact that
the farmer learned the value of Or
ganization during the last year.
Through unity, farm leaders hope
to improve conditions in 1882.
Here are some of the aims of ag-
riculture for the coming year as
outlined by E. A. O'Neal, president
Of the American Farm Bureau fed
Grafton:
l. Better funcuoning of the ag-
ricultural marketing act through
use Of the equalization fee princi-
pie.
2. Restraint and regulation Of
speculative influences.
3. More liberal credit facilities.
4. Sterilization of price, levels.
S. Solution Of the taxation prob
lem.
6. Cooperation Of business with
agriculture.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

wed to Archduke Anton von
HapSburg of Austria.
Colonel and Mrs. Charles A. Lind
bergh start from Washington Oh
flight to Orient.
Russell Boardman and John Po-
lando fly to Istanbul, Turkey, set
ting new distance record, SOFAS
miles.
reaches new low for all
time, 48 cents.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

Post and Harold Gatty take
off from Roosevelt Field, N. Y.
on their round the world flight.
Eight days, Is hours and 81 min
utes later they landed at Roose-
velt Field. having flown more
than $1,000 miles at All average
speed of 1853 miles an hour.
Albert EinStein ex-
pounds new theory Of universe in
creasing in size like soap bubble.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
Organization Sure to Help
Farmers Out of 1891 Rnfs
Values Tumbled Like Dominoes During
1881 to Belly Prophecies Of Experts

Prices OF staple commodities, in the
aggregate, fell back to pre-war levels.
Domestlc business during the first
half OF the year enjoyed rather mild
seasonal squirt, but in May a cloud
which did not seem particularly omi-
nous then. arose over Austria, with
the financial difficulties of the Credit
Anstalt, famous bank of the Viennese
House of Rothschild. Repercussions
were soon felt in Germany.
President Hoover's one-year inter.
national debt moratorium gave the
world fresh hope. but the central
European situation had a backwash
on London, traditional world banking
center, and on Sept 20 the pound
sterling was dislodged from the gold
base.
In the meantime, there had been
recurrence of banking difficulties in
the United States. Railroad credit
became imperiled, as revenues shrunk
to levels threatening the status of
their bonds as legal investments for
institutions and trustees.
The sharp shrinkage of values
spread 10 real estate, and mortgage
defaults became a serious burden to
the banking structure.
Londons lapse from gold resulted
In substantial losses to European
banks having large sterling balances,
such as the Bank of France, and pre-
cipitated scramble for United States
gold. This aggravated our own state
of nerves.
At this stage the defIation seemed
to be working in a vicious circle. per-
petuating itself. President Hoover
proposed ali emergency program, in
Guiding formation of the $5OO,0OO,O00
National Credit corporation to. thaw
out frozen asests of banks.
This gave financial markets a sharp
boost during October. but much of the
recovery was lost in the latter weeks
of the year. when industry usually
SlackeDs
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
January

President Hoover proclaims Lon
don naval treaty in effect.
,-Marshal Joseph Joffre, 10, OF
France, dies.
;-Ten of IL Italian seaplanes led by
. italian Air Minister Italo Balbo
arrive at Natal, Brazil, after 500
mile flight over ocean. TWO planes
crash, killing five.
,-Pope issues 16,OOO-word encyclical
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
February

3-New Zealand earthquake kills 100,
Injuries $500.
captain Malcolm Campbell! breaKs
worlds automobile record by drlv-
ing 245 miles per hour at Daytona
Beach, Fla. Record was 23l.
6-Pundit Motilal Ncrhu. Indian
leader and associate Of Gandhi'
dies.
6-Congressional leaders in accord
with president announce S1O,oUV'-
600 farm relief fund.
12-Pope Plus for the first time ad-
dresses the world by radio.
18-Louis Wolheim, SO, stage ana
screen actor, dies.
e?-Admiral Edouard Won Capelle, TO-
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

alloy which. under low temperatures
could conduct electricity without loss
some day 1t may save the electrica,
lnoustry millions of dollars annually.
In Rochester photograph was TAX.
en- IN the dark-to observers-in in.
1ra'red light. to the sensitised plate!
-
In New York, Alfred Lee Loonnis
a scientifically minded banker. anc
Or. Edmund N. Harvey of Princeton
showed q microscope centrifuge'
through which they can see the struc-
ture OF tiny live cells as they are
Whlrled about 5000 times a minute.
IN the Bell Laboratories, at New
YORK, DR.. F. F. Lucas developed the
most powerful microscope in the world
to magnify objects $4,000 times and
AID IN the study OF metals.
Synthetic rubber, after Is years Of
research by a priest at Notre Dame
university, finally became an actu-
auty and is now being manufactured.
Inere was announced q new X.ray
photo method which will reveal the
sex OF an. unborn child three months
before birth, and another x-ray pro-
cess which enables one to view bone
structures or foreign substances in a
BODY IN three dimensions rather than
as mere shadow.
X X X
exploration was another scientific
fleld that demanded great interest.
professor Auguste Picard of the
University of Brussels assembled in a
sealed aluminium ball raised by a bal
loon to above 52,500 feet over the
swiss Alps, the highest altitude at
tanned by man.
Sir George H. Wilkins, using an old
revamped submarine, was only par
TALLY successful In attempting to ex-
plore the undersea regions of the
Arctic. He got within 400 miles of the
North Pole but had to turn back be-
cause Of his disabled submarine.
DR.. Herbert S. Dickey, on his fifth
attempt up the treacherous Orinoco
river in Brazil, finally located its
source near the boundary of Vene-
zllela.
Among interesting news events were
the Niagara Falls break, the result
OF a constant slow process of erosion,
and the approach Of the small planet
Eros to within 100000 miles Of the
earth. the nearest 1t has come in the
past half century.
Sciences greatest tragedy in 1891
was the death Of 76 infants and the
serious illness of 167 others in q hos
pital for tubercular children in Ger
many. They got what Is believed to
have been contaminated dose of
anti-tuberculosis serum.
Science solved the mystery of the
poison fog" that swept over the
Meuse Valley in Belgium last Janu-
ary. poisoning hundreds, many of
whom died. The official solution is
that sulphuric acid and other poison
Gus particles emitted from the Chin
neys of factories came into contact
with the globules of water in the ma,
tural fog and we're carried over the
valley like heavy poisonous blan-
kct
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

23-Mammoth navy dirigbile. Akron,
is launched and makes successful
maiden flight.
24-American Legion in convention at
Detroit votes for national refer
cndum for repeal or modification
of prohibition laws.
24-Philippinc legislature memorial
ICES congress to grant Philippines
immediate independence.
29-New worlds speed record, 4O4.8
miles an hour. set by Flight Lieu
tenant G.. H. Stainforth near Cal
shot, England.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
August

1-Wickersham report charges ma
tion-wide breakdown of police
system.
5-German banks open for normal
business for first time in three
weeks.
eCotton for October delivery sells
for 81 cents a pound, lowest price
since 1905.
8-Mrs. Hoover christens navy dirigi-
BILE, Akron.
9-Revolution breaks out in Cuba.
l7-One thousand militiamen close
1851 oil and. gas wells In east
Texas by order of Governor Ross
Sterling.
1o-Mrs. Bessie Mccoy Davis, original
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
val chemical plant at Rio de ia.
neiro, killing $50, injuring 300.
May

l--One million Communists parade
past tomb cf Lenin in Moscow's S
May day celebration.
Former Governor Alfred e. Smith
dedicates Empire State building in
New York, tallest structure in the
world.
George F. Baker. 81, dean of Wall
Street bankers, dies.
4-Mustapha Kemal elected to third
four-year term as Turkeys presi-
dent.
6-President Doumergue of France
opens French Colonial Exposition
at Paris.
9-Dr. Albert A. Nicholson, 70, re-
nowned physicist, dies.
I3-Paul Doumer is elected president
of France.
13-Republican government of Spain
DEGREES seizure of King Alfonso's
personal property.
14-David Belasco, 76, theatrical pro-
ducer, dies.
30-President Hoover makes Memo
rial day address at Valley Forge.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
April

7-Anton Cermak. Democrat, electeq
mayor of Chicago, defeating Big
Bill Thompson.
9-Nicholas LongWortn' Of, e;..Ns speansl
Of the House Of representatives
ia nv WWakatsuki becomes premier OF
Japan. ,., rov,1
liking Alfonso and Spanish royai
family flee to France.
,e-U s. warships Memphis ana oac'
,on,snto rushed to Nicaragua.
22-United States recognizes '0"
Spanish republic.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

to serve out unexpired term Of her
late husband as. senator for Ar
Kansas. first woman to become
regular member of Senate.
Constance Bennett. stage and
film star. marries Marquis Henry
de la Falalse de la Coudraye. for
mer husband Of Gloria Swanson.
One thousand three hundred In
dams trapped in New Mexico
blizzard, several die
Robert Ames, AZ, stage and screen
actor, dies suddenly.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

Thirty die in fire at Home for Aged
of Little Sisters Of Poor, at fittS-
burgh, July rs.
lowest Chicago quotation since
1896.
16-Al Capone pleads guilty to three
federal income tax charges IN
Chicago.
l6-President Hoover speaks at the
dedication of Harding memorial
at Marion, Q.
l9-Lissant Beardmorc. a Canadian,
makes the first motorless sail
plane flight across the English
Channel.
2O--President Hoover proposes one
year moratorium on debts.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
December

Mayor James j. Walker Of New
York pleads. for freedom for Tom
Mooney in San Francisco.
5-Vachel Lindsay, So, poet, dies.
6-Lowell r. Bayles. 81. flying for
world land speed record, killed in
crash at Detroit.
7-Seventy second congress con-
venes with Democratic majority
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
AIR LINE GROWS

Berlin,-In nine years the German
Russian air line "Derluft" has carried
1883 passengers, 720,648 pounds of
baggage and freight, 26l ,765 pounds Of
mail. and has flown total Of 3,003.-
700 miles. It's first year of operation
|-l92l-it flew 81 ,962 miles and car
ried 1913 passengers. 4O,l42 pounds Of
baggage and freight and 2,307 pounds
of mail. In 1880 it flew SIT, ,252 miles,
carried 2,941 passengers, l37,7O4 pounds
of baggage and freight and 60,042
pounds of mail.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

trunk slayer, surreilderS In Los An.
geleS. Oct. 23.
In house for first time in 13 years
Ely Culbertson and Sidney Lenz
start l50-rubber bridge tourna-
ment.
9--John N. Garner. Democrat Of
Texas, elected speaker Of the
house.
lo-Jane Addams, Chicago sociai
worker. and Nicholas Murray
Butler. president of Columbia,
awarded Nobel Peace prize.
1l-Harry Powers, West Virginia
'bluebeard.' found guilty at
Clarksburg.
ll-SiX convicts make prison break
from federal penitentiary at Leav-
enworth, Kas.. kidnapping Warden
Thomas B. White.
l4-Chiang Kai-shek resigns as presi.
dent of China.
l6-Republicans choose Chicago for
1882 national convention.
l8--House of representatives approves
debt moratorium.
22-Senate approves debt moratorium
22-Entire Chinese government re-
signs.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
DO YOU PREFER?

Belgrade.-1n censoring present day
female clothes, the Archimandrite
Stankovitch. head of the Servian Or
thodoX church, protested against the
indcccncy Of modern dress. Especial
ly did he object against married
women using modern dress TO add to
their beauty. Married women have
no need to bcautify Themselves, since
wives have no special reason to worry
about their looks" he said.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
1881 Passes In Review

who directed German U-boat drive
in 1917-19l8, dies.
26-The New York World. Pulitzer pa
per since 1883, is sold to ScrippS-
Howard interests for $5,000,OO0.
,7-Senate passes war veterans bonus
bill over presidents veto, and it
becomes a law.
28-England, France, italy reach an
accord on naval limitation ques-
tiOnS.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31

Commerce reports These fields are
valued at about $l35 100000. Com
mercial airports, totaling 663. are the
largest group. with municipal airports
numbering GAS second At present
more than 500 new airports are being
planned
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-31
oeath OF Edison and Nicholson
were Great Losses to Re-
search, However
BY ISRAEL KLEIN

S6A COO
science made in
1891 one may sec
promise of even
greater advance
ment in knowledge
in 1882.
Gil at events
transpired and i'm
portant discoveries
were made. Off
setting these were
t W o irreparable
losses, the deaths
of Thomas A. Edi-
son and of DR.. A.
A. Nicholson, vet