davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
The Fighting
Tenderfoot
By William Macleod Raine
Copyright by William Macleod Raine
WNU Service
WHAT WENT BEFORE

Garrett O'Hara, young lawyer.
arrives at Concho to practice law.
He finds the place the center of
cattle war between the Ingram
and Steelman interests Shep San
derson. Ingram gunman. picks a
fight with Garrett and gets the
worst of it. Garrett tells Ingra m
that he wants to keep out of the
war. but is informed he must
take one side or the other Gar
rett meets Bob Quantrell. young
killer for Ingram. and an Eng
lishman. Smith Beresford. looking
for a ranch Quantrell saves Gar
rett and the Englishman from be-
ing shot by Sanderson. and the
three become friends Garrett
witnesses a meeting between In
gram and Barbara Steelman,
daughter of Gngram's enemy.
They are lovers. Garrett and the
Englishman buy a ranch with
Steelman as silent partner Fitch.
Steelman man. kills an Ingram
follower and is pursued bv a
posse. He stops at the tender
FOOT ranch and is caught and
hung. Sanderson starts a fight
and Garrett and the Englishman
are wounded. Quantrell changes
sides, Joining the two ranchers
A lull in the cattle war follows
Quantrel kills Sanderson and two
other Ingram gunner in a fight.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

us forget all that and come to the
actual business questions at issue. "
O'Hara named, without argu-
ment, the concessions Steelman
was willing TO make. He would
keep his cattle east of the pass.
He would leave the san JacintO
market to Ingram and his friends
If they would not compete with
him at the Indian agency. He
would discharge any of his men
against whom there was proof of
rustling cattle. AS to the lawless-
ness of the past few months. he
was willing to let bygones be by
cones.
Harvey laughed unpleaSantly.
He's sure promisin' a lot. Has
our friends shot up by hired killers
an then is willin To call il off. OF
fers to keep Outa the San JacintO
market when he knows Dave has
got it corrailed. but wants us to
leave him lay at the agency where
we've been OutseIIin' him right
along. Yes. sir. I'd sure call that a
Yves Steelman compromise"
"What about the Jerry Hughes
placer" asked Ingram. viii he
quit gumshOein around tryin' to
euchre me out of it?"
He's willing to leave that to the
law" O'Iara answered.
ITO the slick judge he bought to
make him administrator. Not by
a jugful. The only compromise I'll
discuss is one where he gives up
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
INDIGESTION
QUICKLY,
PLEASANTLY

When you suffer from heartburn,
gas or Indigestion, it's usually too
much acid in your stomach. The
quickest way to stop your trouble is
with Phillips Milk of Magnesia. A
spoonful in water neutralizes many
times its volume in stomach acids
instantly. The symptoms disappear
in five minutes.
Try Phillips Milk of Magnesia,
and you will never allow yourself to
suffer from Over-acidity again. 1t is
he standard anti-acid with doctors.
Your drugstore has Phillips Milk
of Magnesia. with directions for use,
in generous 25c and SOC bottles.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
Can't PLAY
Can't RES T
child needs Castoria

w HEN a child is fretful and
irritable, seems distressed and un-
comfortable, can't play, can't sleep,
it is a pretty sure sign that some
thing is wrong. Right here is where
Castoria fits into child's scheme
the very purpose for which it was
formulated years ago! A few drops
and the condition which caused the
trouble is righted; comfort quickly
brings restful sleep.
Nothing can take the place OF
Castoria for children; it's perfectly
harmless, yet dIsUdys effective. For
the protection of your wee one
for your own peace of mind-keep
this old reliable preparation always
on hand. But don't keep it just for
emergencies; let it be an everyday
aid. Its gentle action will ease and
soothe the infant who cannot
sleep. In more liberal doses it will
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
II { A y
HUI RT ;?

Wo4RsK, 4sE, won't wait for : a
Don't look for sympathy at
such times, but get some Bayer
Aspirin. 1t never fails.
Don't be a chronic sufferer
from headaches, or any other
pain. See a doctor and get at
the cause. Meantime, don't
play martyr. There's always
quick comfort in Bayer Aspirin.
1t never does any harm. Isn't
it foolish to suffer any needless
pain? 1t may be only a simple
headache, or it may be neu-
ralgia or neuritis. Rheumatism.
Lumbago. Bayer Aspirin is still
the sensible thing to take.
There is hardly any ache or
pain these tablets can't relieve;
they are a great comfort to
women who suffer periodically;
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

AT the corral IN Cloud OF Dust.
all claim TO the Hughes place. Jer-
ry was my friend. He owed me
money when he died I've right
TO run the place till Pm paid what
he owes. Steelman hutted In with
out any claim whatever. merely be
cause he wanted 10 devil me. Well
he won't get away with it." In
gram slammed his heavy brown
fist down on the table. his eyes
cleaning savagely.
O'Hara said. Tell us the very
best you'll do. the concessions you
are willing TO make. Perhaps we
can offer inducements TO have you
leave the Hughes place"
"No, sir. I'm stayin' right there.
an you can pass the word that
he'll rue the day he an his killers
try to drive US out"
O'Hara smiled. the friendly flash
of white teeth that made men like
him. Il haven't got much yet from
you that Steelman will enjoy hear.
ing Haven't you any compromise
in your system at all? We're sup
posed to be talking peace and not
war"
I'm ready TO talk IL any time.
All | want is my rights. This trou-
bic is none of my startin'. All I've
done is defend myself"
That's So his partner chimed
in. Were right an Steelman is
wrong all the way. But we're good
citizens not lookin' for trouble even
with him. If Dawes agreeable I'm
willin' 10 leave him the Indian
agency market. He's got no claim
to it, but just to show where we
stand"
AN I'll accept his proposition
about the pass an keep my cows
on the west side. If he really
means business let him fire that
bunch of killers he has got hired"
Ingram said.
"Will you get rid of yours if he
does his. Mr. Ingram?" asked
Smith Berestord.
I'll meet Steelman halt way
there. too. an turn off those | don't
need as range riders"
The difficulties between the fac
tiOnS were talked over in detail
When the two Circle s . partners
rose TO 90 they felt that as a first
conference il had not been entirely
unsuccessful. Ingram had made
cOncessions-ungraciOusly and re-
luctantly, TO be sure. but the fact
that he had made them at all was
encouraging.
He talks just like Steelman
does" O'Hara said to his friend.
laughing rueful!y. You'd think to
hear him that he was the most rea-
sOnable man in the world and that
he never had wanted anything but
the bareSt justice. But we've made
a start, LyuIph. If we can keep the
tire-eaters quiet long enough TO
come 70 an agreement we may sue
ceed."
They rode out of COncho over
the same trail O'Hara had followed
the day he first saw the place. The
valley looked parched and lifeless.
as level as a floor, all unduIations
Smo0thed away.
AS they looked down upon it a
rider daSned around the curve of
the trail and at sight of them
dragged his horse to a halt. He
was a. Mexican vaquerO in steeple
straw hat and earrings. While his
horse was still in motion the man
flung up rifle and fired. The horse
went up into the air. bucking furi-
ously. The rifle clattered to the
ground.
The Mexican was a superb rider.
but the trail was narrow. 1t looked
as though the bucker would pitch
down the slope. To save himself
the man flung his body from the
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

Mistress-Do you think the cook
and the officer on our beat are In
love, Sadie?
Maid-Why of course not, ma'am
he's been going with her steady
for over three years.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
New Art of Listening

There are 13,47S,600 radio sets in
use in the United States, and yet it
is said that good listeners are rare
Omaha World-Herald.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

Baby's little dresses will just simply
dazzle if Red Cross Ball Blue is used
in the laundry. Try it and see for
yourself. At all good grocers.-Adv.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
Start Life With Ii

Seems To be a great deal of un-
rest"
Cant be helped"
"Eh?"
"All babies have it,"
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16
Octopus Has Wide Range

The octopus is found in nearly all
seas, even Arctic and Antarctic wa
terS.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

81 hear you were in Jail again"
Yep. got thirty days on ac-
count"
"On account of what?"
"On account of not being able to
run faster than the cop"
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

"My dog has been acting queerly
the past two days"
Strange. The dog day season is
over"
perhaps my dog doesn't know
it."
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

they are always to be relied on
for breaking up colds.
Buy the box that says Bayer,
and has Genuine printed in red.
Genuine Bayer Aspirin doesn't
depress the heart. All druggists.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

effectively help to regulate sluggish
bowels in an older child.
All druggists have Castoria; it's
genuine if you see Chas. H. Fletcher's
signature and this name-plate:
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

y man with curly hair has as man
excuses for keeping his hat off as {;
bald man has for keeping his on.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-16

Just Wet Feet
Honey, I'm knee-deep in love with
you" 'All right, I'll put you on my
wading list. t."-Tit-Bits.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

Cor Mill Plain and Morse Ave-S rooms and den, all improvements. Chicken coop, garden. Ina 4sl NO Main, Apt 3. 1st floor.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

LAUREL ST, 22-6 rooms, all im- provements; End floor. Dial S-7241.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

EAST MAIN ST, 76-n room heated apartment. Apply Frank Hayes office on premises.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

JEwELRY ST, 54-Four rooms. All Improvements, $2o. Inquire Mrs Barribault, Is Jewelry St. Dial 4-s190.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

GRANITE ST, 1s-5 rooms, End floor Rent reasonable. Phone Nauga- tuck 1924.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

5-Beautiful, modern rooms, near Highland Ave. ReasonapIe. lnqnusne qnsne
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

FOR RENT-4 rooms, Spencer. Aye -All improvements. Very reason able. Inquire J. c. Herbst, 63 Bank St. Dial 4-4370.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

HAMILTON PARK SECTION, 12Is Ali imp Phone 33S Naugatuck.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

LYMAN AVE, 42-5 large rooms, End fl. All improvements. Kent reason able Dial 4-6945.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

TOIJR-Large rooms, 2nd floor. All Nimnroyements. Opp Scovilps main office. Ina Broadway Garage, H Mill St,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

FOR RENT-5 rooms, all improve ments, newly renovated. 7eh' sN'' Inouire S6 High St.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

EAST MAIN ST. 575-3 nice rooms. s12.00. Inquire D. J. Mccarthy So North Main St.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

FIVE ROOMS-3rd floor, all im- movements. 51 Tracy Ave. lnquire on premises. Dial 4-7269.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09

EAST MAIN ST--4 rooms, all i'm movements (not new housel. Rent reasonable. Dial 4-5llS or 3-6035.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-09
Used Wl Add Little To And Much To Your
For Rent Real Estate
3 Apartments . Tenements

A-Bright, cheerful 1 room tene- ment, 1st fl, next to Merrlman '
 school. Reasonable. Ina s2 Ridge St
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

card party and dance Easter Monday
night ct Hotel St. Mary's. Those an
pointed on the special committees FOL.
low: Advertising, Mrs. S. Paul Hay
den; Cards, Mrs. Wilmer r. Matthews.
Mrs. John H. T. Briscoe. Mrs. George
G. Perverly and Miss Janice I,oker. and
Refreshments, Mrs. william r. Cecil.
Mrs. E. French Owens of Chaptico and
Mrs West Russell of Washington.
The American Legion Post, No. 81.
OF st. Marys County. with the women'S
Auxiliary, cleared $50 ct q card party.
The Board Of Trustees of st. Marys
Seminary reappointed DR.. Frank A.
Camalier as physician for 1891, and M.
Adele France was reappointed princi-
pal. Mas Louise Jones and Miss Helen
Perverly both had their scholarships
renewed for four years.
st. Marys Circuit Court closed On
"wednesday, with Judge william New
eren on the bench. The grand fury
had found "a true bills and "a pre-
sentiments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

the local unit Of the Prince Georges
County Rescue Squad.
on Monday night the Bell Club Of ST.
James Catholic Church will meet at
the home of Mrs. John Klein of Thirty
fourth street.
The Gavel Club, Masonic organiza-
ton Of Hyattsville, will sponsor q dance
at the Masonic Temple, Hyattsville,
April 4.
A nominating committee, composed OF
Mrs. Raymond Cara, Mrs. Charles
Speak and Mrs. Bernard Moffatt was
selected by the Women'S Democratic
Club of the seventeenth district, to pre-
sent a ticket of officers at the April
meeting. The election will take place In
May.
cial services for Holy week were an
nounced as follows: Palm Sunday
masses, z, 9 and 10:45: blessing and dis
tribution of palms before the 10:45 mass
Stations of the Cross and Benediction
of the Blessed Sacrament, 1880 pm.
Holy Thursday, Holy Communion,
am; high mass and procession to the
repository at 9 am, holy hour, 1880
pm. Good Friday, services at 8 am,
Stations of the Cross. sermon, venera-
ton of the cross, 1880 pm. Holy Satur-
day, services will begin at am. High
mass will start at $3.50 am; confess
sions, 3 to 6 pm. and z to 8 pm.
Easter pageant will be given at the
sunrise services at the Mount Rainier
Christian Church. Included in the cast
are Mrs. Flora Baker, Mr.. and Mrs.
Oscar Neal, B. Harvey, Miss Leona
Rider and Mrs. D. c. Gordon, wife of
the pastor. During Holy week, there will
be prayer services at the church Mon
day, Wednesday and Friday at 80 pm
On Monday the theme of the service
will be Fellowship in Suffering; on
Wednesday, Joy in Fellowship" and on
Friday, Fellowship in Sharing the Cos
pei"
Leo George, president Of the Inter
national Association of Postal Employees
spoke at the meeting of the Loyal
Women's Bible Glass. Edward Bob Du-
rant, jr violinist, and Mrs. F. Brown
ley, with readings, completed the pro-
gram. 1t was announced that the an
nual banquet of the class will be held
April 10.
The Women's Civic League Of Mount
Rainier will hold a special meeting at
the home of the president, Mrs. A. j.
Bates, Monday afternoon at 2 o'clock.
Miss Thelna Stinnett, member Of
the faculty of the Mount Rainier High
School, is in charge Of a play, the cast
for which will be selected from the stu
dents.
The Prince Georges County Federation
Of Women's Clubs executive board will
meet Wednesday at the Memorial
Methodist Church at Hyattsville.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29
LEONARDTOwN.

LEONARDTOwN, March % (Spe-
ciaD Miss Ruth Humber of Baltimore
Md, has been appointed English teacher
at the River Spring High School ir
place of Mrs. Nellie Davis Hancock, also
of Baltimore, who resigned to become
supervisor of the German Orphanage
at CantonsviIle, Md.
Members Of the Town Council met al
the National Bank and discussed OBJ
tanning a new water pumping engine.
It was decided that those living out
side the incorporated limits of Leonard
town VIII have to pay a higher water
rent.
The Bushwood Fox Hunting Club held
hunt at Morgantown. 1t was con-
Quoted by Master of Hounds Edmund
j. Plowden. jr. Another hunt was
started at Swans Point, a third hunt
also started Ut Swans Point.
Michael Michigan, As years, died
suddenly at his home at New Market
The Leonardtown Cotillion, headed
by Robert Loker, gave It's first dance at
Hotel st. Mary's.
A playlet written by Miss Bertha
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

the social service department Of the
church.
Councilmen r. M. jackson and w.
e. Plaster have announced that they
will be candidates to succeed them
selves in the election to be held In
June.
The Leesburg Parent Teacher Asso-
citation will hold q meeting in the high
school auditorium Wednesday.
A talk on India and a showing of
pictures Of scenes in that land will be
given in the LeeSburg High School audi
forum April 8, at S:i5 pm. The en-
tertainment is sponsored by the Junior
Auxiliary of st. James Episcopal
Church. Features include the singing
of songs of India by Miss Helen Howl
son and Lawrence Lee, both Of Wash
ington.
The regular annual election of the
Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of Loudoun
County for IS of its members to serve
as a board of directors for the ensuing
year will be held at the companys Of
flee in Waterford on Monday, April 6.
The historical meeting of Loudoun
Chapter, u. D. c., will be held at the
home of Mrs. c. A. Shryock on North
King street Monday at 8 o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29
MANASSAS WOMAN
WINS SPELLING BEE
Mrs. Robert A. Hutchinson
Spells Down Fifty-Three
Opponents.
special DISPATCH to The star.


MANASSAS, Va, March 2S.-Partici-
pating in one Of the largest old-fash-
1oned spelling bees ever conducted in
Prince William County, Mrs. Robert A.
Hutchison, representing Manassas Chap
ter, United Daughters Of the Confeder-
acy, spelled down So other contestants
TO win the spelling championship of the
county.
with contestants entered from many
Of the county schools and almost every
club and organization represented, a
capacity audience filled the high school
auditorium to contribute to the success
Of the affair by their enthusiasm for
the contest and to help swell the treas
ury Of the Bennett Patrons League in
its endeavor to raise funds to carry for
ward their community program
throughout the year.
To win the spelling contest was no
easy accomplishment, as many sea-
soned veterans of the old-fashioned
spelling bee were among those en-
deavoring to carry the championship to
their respective communities or clubs,
and the hour was late before such te-
, nacious contestants as F. G.. Sigman,
J. j. Murphey, representing the Mems
{ Social Club Of Manassas; Mrs. j. j.
'Murphey. Bethlehem Club; Mrs. Rolfe
Robertson, Haymarket Club: James E.
Bradford, Manassas Kiwanis; Mrs.
Robert H. Smith and Mrs. G. Raymond
, Radcliffe, Chorus Club, and Mrs. M.
Foley, Woman's Club, Haymarket, failed
in their tests.
Richard c. Hayden, superintendent
Of schools. was in charge of the con-
test and outlined the rules governing
the bee, while he was assisted by Misses
Indie Finn, Katherine Smith and Mar
3orte Tracey Of the school faculty as
judges and Maj. F. w. Patterson as
pronouncer.
Preceding the spelling contest an old
: fashioned cakewalk was held, in which
both young and old joined, with the
prize cake going to the team of Marion
Lynn and Cyril Wade Dalton. The
judges In this contest were Bailey
Tyler, master, Bull Run Grange; j. P.
Keriin, sheriff; j. Lindsay Dawson,
Occoquar, and Role Robertson, Hay
market, both members of the Board Of
Supervisors, and w. Holmes Robertson
and Noel Lynn.
Mrs. J. B. T. Thornton was chairman
Of the committee arranging the nights
program, In which she was assisted by
the membership of the Patrons League
OF Bennett School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

for the new equipment win be called
for as soon as this information is be-
fore council
The council also awarded the con-
tract for hauling garbage to T. s.
Alexander. They deferred awarding of
a contract for sewer construction along
the upper end Of Cornwall street until
next meeting. The purchase Of two
additional trafic lights to be installed
at the intersection of Market street
and the Washington pike and at Mar
ket and Writ streets, was ordered. The
Loudoun Transit Co. was granted per-
mission to park its buses opposite the
court house and near Plaster's cloth
ing store, and an ordnance was adopted
to punish by fine of not less than 81
nor more than $50 persons who OBJ
struct by automobiles or other vehi-
Giles restricted parking spaces in the
town.
Miss Bertha A. Adams of Jackson
vile, Fla, will give a recital in the
Methodist parsonage Monday night at
8 o'clock. She will be assisted by Mrs
w. S. Francis Of Hamilton, and Mrs.
Arthur jenkins of Leesburg. The en-
tertainment Is under the auspices Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

Millison Of Mechanicsville. student Of
the high school there, was given on
Maryland day at the school. The char
acters were Miss Phyllis Graves, Miss
Title Roauch and Miss Bertha Millison
An informal tea and miscellaneous
shower was held at the st. Mary's Hos
pital here. Tea was poured by Mrs.
Lucy Spaulding. Mrs Walter Briscoe,
Mrs. A. s. Gardiner, president of the
auxiliary; Mrs. j. Allen Coad, Mrs. @.
Morgan Knight and Miss Mary Lena
han and Mrs. j. Raley Wathen re-
ceived.
The Mechanicsville Fox Hunting
Club held the last hunt of its season.
Mr.. lack s. Graves was master of
hounds.
John S. Forester, SIS, OF Drayden,
prominent farmer. was buried on Fri
day at Popular Hill.
The Mai. william Thomas Chapter.
D. A. r., of st. Marys County attended
luncheon, with the following host
esses: Mrs. S. Paul Hayden, Mrs. Rob-
ert Loker and Mrs. John H. T. Briscoe.
The guests of honor we're Miss Adele M.
France. principal of st. Mary's Semi
nary, and her assistant Miss Elizabeth
Lindsay. Plans were made to hold the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

Burial services were held Tuesday
afternoon and interment made In Lees
burg Cemetery for Miss Gertrude Hoff-
man, former resident Of Leesburg, who
died in Washington on Sunday, after
an illness Of six weeks.
Howard J. Ryon, 70, died at the home
Of his son, Frank Ryon, in Leesburg,
following long illness. Interment was
made In the Union Cemetery.
Carlin Thomas O'Meara, 20, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira O'Meara, of near
Arcole, died in Bristol, Tenn, after
several weeks illness of typhoid fever.
Funeral services were conducted in
Sudley Church and burial was made
in Sudley Cemetery.
The Rev. Herbert Stabler Osburn,
native Of Leesburg, now rector at Tap
pahannock, Va, has accepted a call
to ancient Ware and Abingdon parishes
In Gloucester County. He will take up
his work In his new field early in June.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29
LEESBURC.

LEESBURG, Va, March % especially.
Taking preliminary steps looking to
the purchase and installation of entirely
new and adequate pumping equipment
for Leesburg, the town council, in ses-
sion Monday night, closed an agree
ment with a Richmond concern provid-
ing for a test of the supply of water
in No. l well. 1t Is expected that the
test will be made next week and that
a report on the available supply will
be laid before the council at its next
meeting, giving that body such infor-
nation as to enable it to determine
the type Of pump to be installed. Bids
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29
MOUNT RAINIER.

MOUNT RAINIER, Md, March %
Z Especially Miss F. M. Clayton sponsor
ed musicale at Star Hall, the numbers
. OF which were accomplished by pupils
Of her class. Those participating were
: Barbara Young, Margaret Bolac, Flor
: enttne Boarman, James DeggeS, Mildred
StuhhS, Mary Frances Olentine, Char
: lotte Stubs, John and Joanna Abbades-
81, Jane Stracl1an, Ruth Olentine, Ber-
: nice Dyer, Erich Steiner, Edgar Bob
? Durant, Ina Sager, Raymond Gordon,
: Margaret Smith. Elsie Weiss, Melvin
: Muller, Dorothy Miller, Marion Meitzler,
Grace Lowell and Flora Clayton.
: There viii be "cootie" party at the
; Odd Fellows Hall. Monday night, under
: the auspices Of the Magnolia Lodge of
|. Rebekahs.
: Eureka Grange gave benefit card
party &C Chillum Castle Hall.
: benent performances were given by