davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
GOLD FLOWS TO FRANCE
Withdrawals From U. S. Reach
Total of S51O,OOO,O 900.


PARIS, Oct. 27-A record ship
ment of American gold, $1,000, 900,
arrived at Cherbourg on the liner
Milwaukee today and was sent to
Paris to be added to the vast pile
stored in the vaults of the Bank of
France.
The Milwaukee'S shipment
brought the influx in two days to
$81 100000. The Dresden debarked
Sl6,000,00O Monday afternoon. The
De GrasSe is en- route with another
$12,0O0,000. Total Withdrawals from
the United States since the heavy
flow began six weeks ago have
reached the staggering total of
S5l0000,000, almost half the Bank
of Frances holdings in America.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
SALES TALK RADIO
PROGRAMS SCORED

day, advertising probably must pay
the bill and we shall listen to
sponsored programs" said Saltz-
mans message. But there are
sponsored programs and sponsored
programs-programS in which the
advertising is palatable and pro-
grams in which the sales talk is
nauseating.
"Broadcasters, if they listen to
the trend of public opinion, will
commence to take steps to make
these sales talks more palatable."
The chairman also discussed tele-
vision, stating that the commission
believed it still unfit forz CONNER
cial use.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
HIGH COURT CALLS RYAN
Superior Judge Ordered to Appear
and Explain Stand.

Superior Judge Ordered to Appear
and Explain Stand.
Superior Judge Russell j. Ryan
was ordered today to appear before
the state supreme court Nov. to
show cause why he should not re-
instate a civil suit involving a $120
promissory note.
The supreme court order was is
sued after Ethyl M. Howard pc
titioned for mandate forcing Ryan
to grant a change of venue in the
suit, already tried in Ryan's court.
Ryan ruled in favor of Spray
Hiatt, defendant in the case, and
dissolved an injunction previously
granted on petition of Howard.
Ryan, it is charged, refused to re-
open the case.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
BIZ United press

By United Press
DETROIT, Oct. 27.-American
radio broadcasters we're warned to-
day by the chairman of the Federal
radio commission that they would
do we'll to abolish Objectionable
sales talks over the air.
The chairman, Major General G..
NICK. Saltzman, because of illness,
was unable to make the trip from
Washington to appear in person.
His speech to the National Associa-
ton of Broadcasters was read by
the commissions chief engineer, DR..
Charles 3. Jolliffc
so long as oar country favors
the competitive broadcasting Of to-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
COUNTY CORN HUSKING
CONTEST TO BE HELD
Event to Be Staged Wednesday at
Herbert Minturn Farm.

Marion county's first annual corn
huSking contests will be. held
Wednesday afternoon on the Her
bert A. Minturn farm near the Me-
ridian Hills Country Club, Clarence
Henry, county farm agent, has an
nounced.
Winner of this contest will COM
pete in the state meet at Peru
Nov. 4.
Six aspirants for the county title
already have entered their names.
Henry said.
They are William E. Davis and
Gaylord Ford, Pike township; Mar
ion Bailey, Stanley Turmoil, and
Philip Thompson, Washington town
ship, and Robinson Beckner, Perry
township.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
SEEK CANCELLATION
OF SEWER CONTRACT
Sanitary Board to Act for Payment
of LabOrer.

OF LaDOrer.
Sanitary board commissioners
agreed today to request a sewer
cleaning contractor voluntarily to
release the city from paying him
the contract price on a South Me-
r1dian street project.
This action was taken, the board
said, so that the sanitary depart
ment may settle claims of laborers
which the contractor has not paid.
The workers were asked to file
certified statements of hours worked
on cleaning the sewer from South
to Merrill streets. Bills submitted
by Albert Presnell, contractor, far
exceeded the contract price.
PreSnell, the low bidder ON the
project, was found to be "irre-
sponsible, according to sanitary
board members. Therefore, the city
street commissioners department
will complete the cleaning job.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
WARN AGAINST FAKE
CHARITY SOLICITORS
Community Fund Heads Told OF
Racketeering Incident.

Officials Of the Community Fund
today warned against fake solicit
tors during the charity campaign
now under way.
Reports have been received at
Fund headquarters that a man, who
has been soliciting money in Broad
Ripple in the guise of Community
Fund worker, has told givers that
he gets only 10 per cent" of what
he collects.
1t was pointed out that no solicit
tor for the fund is paid. All money
collected goes to the charity fund.
Every solicitor, aiding the fund,
has an Identification card, signed
by Fund officials. Citizens are
warned to insist on seeing this card
when they subscribe.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
CITY MEN LEAVE FOR
TRAFFIC CONVENTION
Annual Session of Clubs to Be
Invited Here in 1892.

AuNACcu mere III 150Hs
Prominent officials of traffic de-
partmentS of four Indianapolis con-
Germs left the city this morning to
attend the tenth annual meeting of
Associated Traffic Clubs of America
at Tulsa, Okla, Wednesday and
Thursday.
Representing the Indianapolis
Traffic Club at sessions in Tulsa
are George H. Evans of Evans Mill
ing Company, vice-president of the
Indianapolis Traffic Club; j. w.
Korn of Eli Lilly & Co., chairman of
the board of governors; F. A. Doe
bier, Citizens Gas Company, past
president of the club and secretary
of the national association, and
Lawrence Helm, Norfolk & Western
railway, past president.
An invitation will be extended to
the association to hold its next an
nual meeting in indianapolis.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
$50 TYPEWRITER TAKEN
Thief Walks Second Floor Ledge
and Forces Window of Studios.

Walking a second floor ledge over
looking the street, a thief Monday
night forced a window in studios of
the Hewes College of Fine Arts, Sc
West New York street, stealing a
typewriter valued at 800 and break
ing open a small vault which con-
tanned no valuables, G. J. Messenger,
816 North Illinois street, manager,
reported today to police.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
You Are Helping Him

Little B o b b y
Case will not grow
up a waif of dirty
streets, just be
cause his mother
has to work to
support her little
family.
The fate Of
many a youngster
W h o s e mother
must leave him
day after day to
earn a living will
not be Bobby's-if
the Com m u nifty
Fund keeps on
supporting the In
dianapolis d a y
nursery, W h ere
Bobby was photo
graphed at play.
He is one of
many youngsters
kept clean and
trained by nurses,
in W no S e care
working mothers
leave their chill
dren.
1t is for them,
as well as thou
sands of sufferers
from unemploy-
ment, that the
Fund this week is
striving toward its
million dollar goal.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Sea Hop Airman FIees Jail

By United Press
SEVILLE, Spain, Oct. 27.-PabIo
Rada, mechanic who accompanied
Commander Ramon Franco ON his
trans Atlantic flight, escaped from
jail today with two thieves. Rads.
was imprisoned for political &C
tiyities.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
CONVICT TURNS LAWYER
State "Lifer" Files Petition With
Supreme Court by Mail.

Supreme Court by Mail.
John R. Goodman, who is serving
life sentence as an habitual crimi-
nal, has turned lawyer.
On his own behalf he has filed
by mail a petition with the supreme
court asking that the st. Joseph
superior court be inundated to per-
NIT him to file writ Of error CO.
rum nobis.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
ARRANGE STREET DANCE
Gala Celebration viii Be Held bv
East New York Residents

East New York Residents.
Plans for a gala celebration on
New York street. Wednesday night
from the Belt railroad to Emerson
avenue will be completed tonight
by New York street merchants
meeting at 1900 East New YORK
street.
A public street dance will be one
OF the features of the program
Wednesday night.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Attorney Wins

BIZ Times Special
SOUTH BEND, Ind, Oct. 81. -
Mansiel Hagerty won victory in
efforts to disbar him as an attorney.
The case was prosecuted by Samuel
B. Pettengill, representative in con-
greSS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
DELAY OFFICERS TRIAL
Safety Board Fails to Hold Session;
Will Hear Case Nov. 3.

Trial of patrolman Verl Davis,
charged with conduct unbecoming
an officer, before the safety board,
was postponed today until Nov. 8,
when the board failed to hold its
regular session.
: Davis will be tried on a COM
plant of Forest Kidwell, grocery
manager, at Sixteenth street and
College avenue. who alleges that
Davis gave him a bad check, pay
able to Jack Davis and Endorsed
with the name E. L. Brosire Of Gil
East Eleventh street.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27

Pretty girl? But it's a boy.
Six-year-old Bobby Burres of
l446 North Holmes avenue has
given girl representations at en-
tertainments for the past two
years. And from the photograph,
he does a good job.
Bobby is on the Halloween
party program to be given by
Royal Neighbors of America,
Wednesday night In Red Mems
Hall, Capitol and North streets.
After a humorous fading, the
wig will come off-and the girl
viii be a boy.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Love Barred

By United Press
NEWARK, N. J., Oct. 81
Ten years ago Calvadore La
Spada proposed to Lillian La
Rosa. Now he must serve
three months in prison.
She complained he had re-
peated the proposal monthly
ever since, and Judge John
Howe ruled it was obStructing
and interfering with her
peaceful pursuits.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Youth Kills Self

By United Press
PERU, Ind, Oct. 27.-Failure of
love affair is believed as the cause
of the suicide of Joseph Turner, 10,
who drank poison at his home near
here.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
BLAST COMES
WHEN MISSILE
Is REMOVED
Explosive Found Near
Great Altar Where
Pope Prays

VATICAN CITY. July w. ~
Removed from the interior Oh the
church for examination. a bomb cx-
ploded early today I'M the Garden Uf
80. Peters Cathedral SIX hours after
it was discovered.
1t was found late last night near
IN portable pulpit. fifty feet from
the great altar where the pope cele-
b-ntes mass cn important occasions,
and was removed To the grounds
10 await inspection.
The explosion was heard through
out Vatican City but was first attrIh-
uted 60 barkfire w VA motor en-.
It damaged WI few trees and was
eel considerable harm un the Cathe
sufficiently powerful To have wreak-
dral.
The petard consisted 0f VA tin pan
containing a pound wv explosive
wrapped tightly with a piece Of cord
and was believed ND have VA lighted
fuse. 10 was assumed to have been
placed hy anti-fasrists in am attempt
Co diScredit the government during
the church-state controversy and rO
he nm of a series of bombing out
RACES which have occurred in re-
cent months.
Premier MusE0lini was informed
OF the incident when he awOke and
the Pope learned of 40 some time
later.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
MAY GET
EDITORS MEET
Brownsville Bids For Texas
Association Conclave
In November

Brownsville viii probably be host
to the Texas Editorial Association ut
its next convention in November.
This was indicated In a letter To
the Chamber Of Commerce today
from O. r. Gresham of Temple,
chairman Of the executive committee
Of the association, which committee
will pick the convention city and
work out the program.
Brownsville entered a bid for this
convention at the last convention,
which vas held in Weslaco.
The association. composed Of vet
eTan Texas newspapermen, has
shown preference for the Lower Rio
Grande Valley, having held conven-
ticns in the past in Brownsville, San
Benito. McAllen and Weslaco.
Gresham in his letter asked in
formation on entertainment here.
and said T. executive committee
would meet soon to pick the next
convention city. He indicated strong
~ that Brownsville would be selected.
Between rs and 100 will attend the
convention.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
VALLEY MEN
GET REWARDS

Eleven Valley boys have received
proficiency awards at the Citizens
Military Training camp being con-
Quoted at Camp Bulls. Two OF
them. R. l.. CHM and III. Kowalski,
are of Brownsville.
Medals were awarded R. R. Ellis
Of Pharr. Il. III. Vernon or Pharr,
r. IL CHM OF Brownsville and II.
d. Jones of Harrington as best
company candidates.
w. @. Kruse OF McAllen won a
silver medal I'm an essay contest.
In swimming events. O.. G. Bow
sers OF Rio HOndo won q bronze
medal.
n. Il. Nordmeyer or McAlIen won
o. gold medal Us a member or the
championship baseball team.
ID. ID. Jackson, also OF McAllen,
was awarded a gold medal as mem
Der of the championship indoor
baseball squad.
Senior life saving awards we're
given RI. Kcwalski OF Brownsville,
@. Redmon OF McAllen and T.. r..
Otto OF Harrington
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17

Referring to Hudson as what "A
mani Mrs. Kennedy-Hudson said:
When this Is all settled We viii
be married again And what q we'd
dingl"
He and Mrs. Kennedy-Huds0n left
here Tuesday fcr a honeymoon tour
but were back Wednesday with a
copy or a newspaper which listed
other purported r0mances IN which
Mr.. Hudson had figured.
"What2" asked the bride. only
three women after him-why there
should be 5000. 7 serve notice Oh the
world I'm going to fight for ~
happiness"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
Lao Inch Rain
Falls I'm City

Scattered showers which have
been falling throughout the week In
the upper Valley reached Browns
vile early Friday morning, IA total
of va KY an inch falling here before
y v. m- AZ 2:30 y. ". "A total fan OK
l.46 inches had been recorded.
Heaviest precipitation IN South
Texas during the past "a hours ~
reported from Corpus Christi where
$40 inches has fallen wv that period.
Laredo reported w fall NJ I.29. the
San Benito river station n fall cf
l.99. and u half inch ~ reported from
Mission.
Unsettled weatinr FOR Friday and
Saturday with probable local show
ers IN predicted ny the Brownsville
weather station.
IA moderate rise NY tie river ~ ex-
pected due 10 rainfall from Laredo
up the river.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
SCHOOL BOND
ISSUE SOLD
Trustees Say Price Is Good
Considering Condition
Of General Market

The $780, 600 bond issue recently
voted by the Brownsville Independ-
ent School District was sold 10 A.
G. Allyn and Co. of Chicago by the
board of trustees meeting Wednes-
day afternoon at a price to net the
district 97-75, it was announced by
j. r. Maher. secretary OF the board.
Allyn and Co, bid par and ac-
crued interest, less 225 on the 500
for expense Of printing the bonds.
preparing the bond record, and
commission.
Subject 10 Waiver
The sale is subject to the secur-
ing OF a waiver from the state de-
partment of education, which ac-
cording to law has the prior right
of pucnase of all school bonds.
with the chaotic condition
which exists in the bond market to-
day we consider that our bonds
brought an excellent price," Dr. o.
". Lawrence. president OF the board,
stated this morning
Other bond companies entering
bids included Brown-Crummer
Co, Dallas: II. @. Burt s. Co. Hous-
ton; Glaspell. Veth and Duncan.
Davenport. Iowa: Uler Securities CO.
Dallas and Ryan Sutherland Co.
Cincinnati.
Contract for the installation Of
a refrigeration system In the High
school cafeteria was awarded TO the
Frigidaire Corporation. represented
by John Hunter of Brownsville. Bid
OF this concern was Sf.248-50. The
York Ice Machinery CO.. Of San
Antonio also bid on this contract.
Six Enter Bids
Six firms entered bids on the in
stallation of gas steam heat sys-
TENS In the Victoria and 4th Ward
Schools. the contract being awarded
to N. n. Quinn On a bid Of 1884.
Awarding of the contract was de-
layed by the board pending an in
vestigation Of the various types Of
heating plants BY a committee COM
posed OF Ben Proctor. +. s. Trimble
and w. ID. Van Siclen.
The committee completed its in
vestigation Thursday morning and
the board awarded the contract 10
Quinn that afternoon.
Firms entering bids included ~.
r.. Quinn: Brownsville Sheet Metal
Works: Brownsville Plumbing Co.:
Hayden Hays; Merryman and Sons
and Farr a. Stout Plumbing Co.:
al Of Brownsville.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
Romance of Aimee's
Mother Goes on Rocks

LOS ANGELES. July IT, Ml-The
Kennedy. mother ON Aimee Semple
Mcpherson. and the Rev. q. Edward
Hudson came 70 an abrupt end to-
day with the bride seeking annul-
ment OF their marriage on the
ground that Hudson still ~ legally
married TO another woman.
The suit was filed here yesterday
by Mrs. --ennedy- Hudson with the
concurrence OF Hudson. It set forth
that at the time OF their marriage
I'm Longview. Wash, June 20. Hud-
SON still was legally married To III
Margaret Newton Hudson
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
POSSE HUNTS
MOB LEADERS


CAMP HILL. Ala. July 1T
One negro was killed and five
others wounded early today as
posses sought leaders or u mass
meeting near here at which Gov.
u. M. Miller was threatened with
violence unless ne released eight
negroes under death sentence for
an attack on two white girls near
Scottsboro, Ala, last March.
Posses yer organized after
Sheriff y. Kyle Young was wound
ed seriously and his deputy sher-
iff, Jack Thompson. was hurt
slightly when they sought 70 ques-
ton Ralph Gray, "a negro, who was
slain BY officers.
Police Chief y. vi. wilson said
the five negroes, one Or which was
wounded seriously, were shot ~ an
exchange or fire with the posse.
The negroc- opened fire on the
posse. Chief Wilson said, when At
tempts were made 70 force entrance
into q house two miles south or
here. Firing through doors and
windows. the veg-oes sent the ~
or 20 poSsemen scurrying for COW
or under q hail OF ~ least 30 shots.
Wilson said. None or the posse
men was injured.
Chief Wilson said last nights
meeting five miles south or here
was the second called IN protest
or the Scottsboro sentences. the
fi1.s having been held Wodnes-
day.
He said negroes attending the
meetings told him they were to
protest death sentences and that
they threatened violence 10 Gov.
ID. M. Miller unless he freed the
negroes.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
MOTHER JOINS
son In JAIL
Refuses to Testify Against
Youth On Trial For
Girls Murder

DALLAS. July ~ -tP-Nother
love prompted Mrs. Ed Smith 20
Join her son behind the bars or the
county jail here today rather than
answer questions relative 10 n fatal
shooting In front OF her home.
The son. Elmo Berry. rs. was
charged with Staying Miss Helen
Ruth Lamar. 10, on June Ia.
Questioned by the grand Jury to-
day. Mrs. Smith said, that is my
boy and anything I say can be used
against him, 50 I'm not going to
answer.
Judge Charles A. Pippen gave her
a chance TO answer. but she refus-
ed. He informed her she would have
co 60 TO jail N she maintained her
stand.
III 20 To- fail first" she replied.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
Youth Sentenced

Elias Miliano. Is. Brownsville. was
sentenced 10 the reform school at
Gainesville Friday morning when
tried before Judge A. M. Kent on
charges of burglary.
The youth signed confessions 20
burglarizing the residence OF Jim
Davis and the Albert Apartments.
He was arrested Thursday by 1t.
OF Police j. IT. Armstrong. who
obtained the confessions.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
New Defense

SAN ANTONIO. July 17-lP-A
new defense for motorists was pro-
vided here when L. Killian was
freed OF speeding charges when the
state failed 70 prove that he was
not driving a fire truck. ambulance.
police patrol or a doctors automo-
bile when he was arrested for fast
driving.
Attorney for the defense object
ed that the witness ISbel was not
qualified to testify that Killian was
not a doctor and was not driving
the vehicles listed. A verbal motion
was made for an instructed verdict
or acquittal Oh the ground that the
state had not proved the allega-
tons.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
GOVERNMENT
TO CONSTRUCT
ROAD BRIDGES
Reynosa-M cAIlen Aid
Is Also Furnished
BY State

Federal participation In the
construction or the highway from
Matamoros 70 Victoria. which viii
link Brownsville directly with the
Pan-American highway was an
nounced here today.
The federal government has de-
cided, according TO the communica-
ton. TO appropriate 5000 pesos.
70 be used IN the constructor Of
three large bridges on this road.
Goyerncr Informed
The information was sent to Gov.
Francisco Castellanos Jr., Of Tam
aulipas this morning from the De-
parrment of Communications and
Public Works Of Mexico. at Mexico
City.
The news was telephoned to the
Brownsville Chamber of Commerce
from the office Of Mayor Roberto
Garcia Of Matamoros who was
notified Immediately by Gov.
CaStellanos.
The Brownsville Chamber Of
Commerce, the Matamoros Chamber
Of Commerce, Mayor Garcia and
Gov. Castellanos have all been
working on this project. and regard
the latest development as a signal
victory.
The three rivers over which
bridges r to be constructed at
federal expense are the P~urificacion,
the San Fernando and the Corona.
The plan Of Tamaulipas had been
to build concrete roads across these
bridges, with the cars fording them
In times of ow flow. and no traf-
fic across them I'm high flow.
All Weather Road
The new plan will greatly i'm
prove year-around transportation,
and will help 10 make the Mata-
moros to Victoria route to Mexico
City one OF the most important when
the Pan-Amercan highway IS fin
ished.
The communications from Mexico
City stated further that the Mex
lean federal government is to
furnish gravel for topping the
HIGHWAY from Reynosa to Mata-
moros.
This gravel Is TO be furnished at
once, and this part Of the Mata-
moros TO Mazatlan road will be
rushed.
Agar and Gentry, San Benito
men, have the contract on part or
this road. building the 20-mile
stretch out or Matamoros.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17

Her journey was reported 10 have
been prompted by disappointment In
not being allowed to spend the sum
mer with Crown Prince Michael and
IN not being invited to the marriage
u Princess Ileana. It was reported
scne time ago she would shortly
leave Rumanla for good and take
up residence Ia France.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17

AUSTIN. July II. R1-J. Frank
Dobie, author OK Coronado's Chill
dren, professor or English at the
University OF Texas and noted his
torian OF the southwest. was invit-
ed to address the legislature today.
The House adopted a resolution by
Mrs. Lee Rountree or Bryan invit-
ing the author To speak.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-17
u. 8. Engineers In
Russia Are Raped

TORONTO. Ont. july i7.--fFl-
Censure OF the 5000 United States
engineers and executives at pres
ent In Russia which was voiced be-
fore the International convention OK
Lions clubs here yesterday by Col.
Alvin OwSlev, Dallas. Tex. past
commander 0f the American legion.
was upheld In "a resolution passed
at the closing session OK the con-
vention today.