davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hyder weekly herald., 1931-12-05
CHAMBER HOLDS
 INTERESTING MEET

The usual excellent attend ance from both sides of the international boundary line marked the monthly dinner meeting of the Hyder Chamb- CT of Commerce held at the Silver Grill Wednesday even ing. A total of 22 persons, in- cluding members and visitors, participated in the meeting and shared the five course chicken dinner served by the Grill. Chas. F. Sandford, pres ident of the Chamber presided and at the conclusion of the dinner warmly complimented the Grill management on the excellence of the repast. E. D. Haddon officiated as secretary in the absence of Secretary H. R. Cross. Included in the business pro- gram was a report by R. c. Young of the finance commit tee showing gross receipts of $48.35 from the recent Cham Der of Commerce dance, ex- penses of $22.05 and net re- ceipts of $26.30. MT. Young also moved that a vote of thanks be given to the ladies of Hyder and Stewart who donated cakes and to those who assisted in serving the luncheon. The motion was ap- proved. A vote of thanks was also given to MT. Gus Erickson for labor and the use of his electric photograph, The chairman thanked the commit tee, E. D. Haddon, O. F. Hill and MT. Young, for their ex- cellent efforts and the success ful outcome and suggested that another dance be given on Washington's Birthday, Feb ruary 22.
 MT. N. M. Traversy report ing for the fire protection committee, stated that the chemical fire apparatus has been placed in the best of shape and is in constant readi- ness for emergencies.
 The chairman reported that the Board of Trustees had en- dorsed after considerable study two referendums sub- mitted by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States with which the local chamber is affiliated. The first of these referred to proposals looking to modification of the present antitrust laws; for the estab- lishment of national and local economic councils, and for en- ployment stabilization and un- employment insurance.
 The second referendum per- tained to a report of depart mental committee on Natural Resources recommending that a tribunal of officials of the federal government who are familiar with natural resource industries should be author ized to permit agreements for the curtailment of a condition of over-production when found by the tribunal to be injurious to the public interest.
 The chairman also reported that the Board of Trustees had endorsed resolutions pass ed by the Board of Trade of Wallace, Idaho, urging that a discussion of the silver quest ion be included in the program for the annual meeting of the Western Division of the Unit ed States Chamber of Com merce held in Spokane Decem- Continued on Page 4
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
Grain Market
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, october 19-Wheat prices
underwent an early setback today after
a show of firmness at the start. Word
OF increased stocks of wheat at Liver
pool was handicap to bulls.
Opening unchanged to 81 up, wheat
later declined all around to below Sat-
urday's finish. Corn started a shade
lower to 4 higher and subsequently
sagged.
Tending at times to impart strength
to wheat was a Paris cable saying the
French government, through the Laval
commission. would negotiate for pur-
chase of American Farm Board wheat
and that it was thought the amount
would be in excess of so 900 900 bushels
Efforts, however, to confirm the report
were ithout avail for at least the
moment and nervous fluctuations re-
suited, with the market later Steadying
about unchanged from Saturday. The
total Of wheat af1oat for Europe showed
an increase of $4,000 bushels in the
last week, but remained almost 100000
bushels less than at this time last year.
Wheat bulls put stress en- dispatch
from European continental grain
house to a Chicago exporter asserting
that the general European situation
was more healthy and that Germany's
improved political outlook was helping
everything. 1t was added that the
Danube region was offering but little
wheat; that Russia was not pressing
wheat sales and that she was offering
only wheat already ahoat. There were
also adviceS that the potato crop in
France had been damaged IS per cent.
Corn and oats followed wheat market
changes.
Provisions responded to upturns in
hog values.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
Washington Produce

Butter-One-pound prints, 81; tub, So.
Eggs-Hennery, 33a35; current re-
ceipts, 24a26.
Poultry, alive-Turkeys, old toms, goa
IS; young toms and hens, 80; chickens,
3 pounds and over, 18a22; 2 to 2l2
pounds, 20a24; broilers. IL to 2 pounds
23a25; hens, large, 20a23; small, 18a
90 Leghorn hens, Halls; roosters, la
IA; keats, young, 45a50; old, 25a35.
Poultry. dressed-Turkeys old toms,
25a30; young toms and hens, IS; chick
ems, pounds and over, 22a25: 2 to 212
pounds. 25a28; IL to 2 pounds, 26a30
hens, large, 25a28; small, %; Leghorn
hens, 18a20; ROSTERS. 16a18; Long Is
land ducks. 1sals; keats. young. 55a6o;
Meats-Beef. prime, 17l2a1s; choice,
16alSl2; good, l5al5 y; fair. 12l2a14;
COW. 10a11; lamb, top, l6; good to fair.
14a15; veal, top, IT; good, l5a15la; fair
to medium. 13a14; pork loins, 8 to 10
pounds, 21; 10 to - pounds. 10; IL to
Is pounds. IT; fresh hams, 16al7:
smoked hams, 20a21; strip bacon, 22a23;
| lard, in bulk 912a10; in packages, 1012a
IL; compound. 8a8l2.
Fruits = Watermelons. California,
crates, zoo; Persian melons. $50;
oranges, 3.50a5,50; lemons, 5.50a6 so;
lines, per 100, It's; honeydews. 200;
stock. 2ooa2.75; pineapples, 4.50a5 90:
pears, 2.25a2.50; persimmons, 1.5oa1 rs;
grapes, Concords. 12-quart baskets,
35a40; 4-quart baskets, Is; Tokays,
2.00a2 rs: Muscatels, 125; Zinfandels,
.1.25; casabaS, 2.25; bananas, 1.25a2. 90;
grapefruit, 4.00a4.50.
egetables-Potatoes 150-pound sacks,
1.75a190: Idaho bakers, 1OO-pound
sacks, $50; sweets. per bushel, scars;
tomatoes, two-peck baskets, LOCAL so:
California Tugs, 2.25a2.75; beets, per
100 punches, 4,0oa5.O0; carrots, per 100
punches, 4.50a500; cauliflower, LISA
200; string beans LOCAL so; linas, 2.00a
2.25; cucumberS, bushel baskets, $50;
squash, Florida, bushel baskets, 3.00a
$780, Winter squash, nearby. 50a60;
eggplant, 50a75; celery, 2.75; lettuce, Ice
berg, 3.25a3.50; onions, 50-pound sacks,
white, 1.50a200 yellow. 1.25; okra. $50
Assoc; mushrooms. LOCAL .25; peppers
5oa75:. artichokes, 4.5oa5 90; kale, SO;
spinach, rs; peas, 3.75; turnips, 50a75;
broccoli 500.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
ORDERS FOR LUMBER
BELOW PRODUCTION
Shipments Continue in Favorable
Ratio to Output of
Mills, However.

Lumber orders dropped below produc-
ton for the week ended October 10,
though shipments continued in favorable
relation to production, it is indicated in
Geographic reports from 825 leading
hardwood and softwood mills which gave
orders per cent below and shipments
9 per cent above a combined produc-
ton of 175, 677, 900 feet. A week earlier
$40 mills reported orders 10 per cent
above and shipments 20 per cent above
a production of 1913, 467 900 feet Com
parison by identical mill figures for the
latest week with the equivalent period
a year ago shows for SoftwoodS, 452
mills, production 20 per cent less, ship
mentS % per cent less and orders "a
per cent less than the week in 1890:
for hardwoods, 226 mills, production "a
per cent less, shipments 81 per cent less
and orders % per cent under the volume
for the week year ago.
Lumber orders reported for the week
ended October 10, 1881, by 573 softwood
mills totaled 152263, 600 feet, or per
cent below the production of the same
mills. Shipments, as reported for the
same week, were 172,268,o0o feet. or
per cent above production. Production
was 100, 3O6,O 900 feet.
Reports from 269 hardwood mills
give new business as 18,385,000 feet, or
20 per cent above production. Ship
ments, as reported for the same week,
were 1895 900 feet, or 26 per cent
above production. Production was 15,-
371 900 feet.
Reports from 48o softwood mills give
untitled orders of 462,891 900 feet on
October 10, 1881, or the equivalent of
10 days production. This is based upon
production of latest calendar year-300-
day year-and may be compared with
untitled orders of SIT Softwood mills on
October IL, 1880, of 760,304,000 feet,
the equivalent of Is days production.
The Ais identical softwood mills re-
port untitled orders as AL ,13l 900 feet,
or the equivalent of 10 days average
production, on october 10, 1881, as
compared with 752,131 900 feet, or the
equivalent of IT days production. for
the same week year ago. Last weeks
production of 452 identical softwood
mills was 149,562, 900 feet and year
ago it was 1852, 900 feet. Shipments
we're, respectively, 161 $4,000 feet and
224,3O8, 900, and orders received, 1872
237, 900 feet and 216,649,00 In the
case of hardwoods, 226 identical mills
reported production last week and a
year ago rs 13,830.000 feet and TO-
S63 1000; shipment, 17,915,000 feet and
24,605 900, and orders, 1871 900 feet
and 23,l74,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
BALTIMORE PRICES
ON FRUITS QUOTED
Vegetable, Pork, Fish, Crab
and Oyster Values Also
Given.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, October 19.-Recent
arrivals on the vegetable counters here
are turnips, al 10 cents a quarter peck;
Brussels sprouts, at 25 cents a quart,
and oyster plants, at 10 cents a bunch
Spinach has dropped to 8 cents a
quarter peck, peas to IS cents, string
beans to Is cents and shelled lima
beans to Is cents a pint. Caulifiower
ranges from Is to 25 cents, and mush-
rooms bring sc cents a pound. I'M
ported chestnuts are listed at 40 cents
a quart and the domestic variety at 20
cents.
Other Prices.
Everbearing strawberries from the
Eastern Shore are priced at Is cents
a pint. casabs melons at so cents,
honeydeWs at Is TO so cents and Per-
balls bring Is cents each and cram
berries 20 cents quart.
Artichokes from California arrived
this week and were offered at 10 and
Is cents. Asparagus, another new
conner was priced at 20 and Is cents
each for the small punches and so
cents for large punches.
Grimes Golden apples have dropped
to 10 cents a quarter peck. Grapefruit
VI IlsS o ana ~, VI % CeIlCS 1OI three.
Peaches, the last of the season, are
selling at 35 cents a basket
Concord grapes may be had for 20
cents a basket. crabapples for Is cents
a quarter peck, ounces at 20 cents
and damsons at 81 a peck, the last
three finding ready sale among house
wives making jellies and preserves for
the Winter months.
Other fruits still in the markets are
red raspberries, at 25 cents a pint
Seckel pears, at 80 cents a quarter peck
and huckleberries at IS cents a quart
Pork Lower.
Pork Is on the downward trend in
price. Roasts may be purchased for IS
cents a pound and chops for % cents.
Ten to II pound smoked hams are
listed at "a cents pound. and eight
pound ones may be had for 26 cents.
Beef, lamb and veal prices are I'M
changed.
Soft crabs are still running at S1.25
a dozen. Terrapin will arrive the first
of next month. Sturgeon, at IS cents
a pound; oysters, at go and rs cents
a quart, and filet of haddock, at 35
cents pound. head the list of best
sellers at the sea food stalls.
The best grade of oysters In the
shell brings $l.25 a basket.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
DEMAND FOR STEEL
PRODUCTS IMPROVES
Moderate Pickup Over Next Month
Is Looked for in Trade
Circles.
BY the Associated Press.

by the hSSOCldIeQ HTeSS.
CLEVELAND, Ohio, October ia
strain of improvement cuts irregularly
across steel products sufficient to en-
courage that portion OF the industry
which looks for a moderate pickup
over the next 80 days, says the Maya
zine Steel in It's weekly review.
Demand for sheets and strip chiefly
from the automobile industry is broader
at Youngstown. Pittsburgh sheet mills
have also entered more orders, but from
a diversity of consumers. In the South
sheet and cotton tie mills have ex-
banded production slightly, Steel says.
Releases Of track fastenings are
heavier at Chicago, where bolts and
nuts are moving better. Buffalo and
Cincinnati note quickening of the pig
iron market. In majority of districts
more iron will be shipped in the last
half Of October than in the first. With
production remaining under 80 per cent,
the Magazine points out, the season
when steel production normally makes
a late-year gain is rapidly passing.
Steel production declined / point to
28 per cent, but specific orders for
steel are more numerous. American
Car & Foundry has booked 500 subway
cars for New York, requiring 10000
tons, Pacific Fruit & Express is re-
pairing 500 refrigerator cars. Chesa-
peake & Ohio is closing on 5000 tons
of track fastenings and the Boston g.
Maine on 10000 tons of rails.
Fresh structural inquiry is heavier at
30,378 tons. Structural awards this
week at 1877 tons, compare with "a
$40 a week ago. Concrete reinforcing
bars at 14,0ll tons are the heaviest in
80 weeks and inquiry is broad at 10000
tons.
Steel prices appear stable in the face
of small buying. Share prices in the
East are cratic. Pig iron in the Ma
honing Valley is wavering.
Scrap at Pittsburgh has lowered the
composite to $3.50. Iron and steel
composite is unchanged at $30.78 and
finished steel composite Is steady at
$42.22.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
Baltimore Markets
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch TO The Star.
BALTIMORE, Md. october 10
Potatoes, 100 pounds, 75al 90; sweet
potatoes. bushel. 35a50; beans, ,bushei,
GOAL so; vans, barrel. LOCAL 25; beets,
per 100. 1.50a2 so: cabbage, bushel. 4Oa
go: carrots, per 100, 2.50a3,.50; lettuce,
per crate, 3.0oa3.50 cauliflower. crate,
i GOAL so; celery. crate, l.75a2.75; lima
beans, hamper, 65a2.00; okra, 2OOa2.5O:
peppers, hamper. 25a35: onions, per
100 pounds, 1.75a2.00: spinach, bushel,
4oa6o: tomatoes, hamper. 25a75; can
ners' stock. 40a60 apples, bushel, qua
l.25; cantaloupes, crate, l2oal'19.
Dairy Market.
Chickens. young. 2Oa22; Leghorns, l8
ago: old hens, 18a24; Leghorns. old,
12a16: roosters, 12al4; ducks. l2a20;
pigeons, pair, 15a20; guinea fowls, pair,
25a55.
Eggs-Receipts, SGT cases: current,
18a26; hennery whites, 34a36; nearby
firsts, %; Western firsts, %.
Butter-Good fancy creamery. 32a3E
ladies, 20a22; process, 23a24; store
packed, 15al6.
Hay and Grain Prices.
Wheat-No. 2 red Winter, export, no
quotations: No. 2 red Winter, garlicky,
spot. domestic, 81; october, 81; No
vember, Sass.
Corn-No. 2 yellow, domestic, spot,
52a53 cob corn, new, 200 per barrel.
Oats-No. white, domestic, spot,
32a33; No. 3, 31a32.
Rye-Nearby, 40a50.
Hay-Receipts, none. New nay Is
starting to arrive in increasing quantl-
ties, but so far no official grading has
been attempted, selling being strictly
on merit. Demand for old hay slow
and market is. dull and quiet, with
prices in buyers favor at a range OF
14.00a1750 per ton.
Straw-No. wheat, 9.00a9.50 per
ton; No. oat, 9o0a10.00 per ton.
Live Stock Market.
Cattle-Receipts, 500 head; light sup
ply; market stronger.
Steers-Choice to prime, none: good
to choice, TBS to 500; medium to good,
SIS to 7.25; fair to medium, SIS to
6.25; plain to fair, 500 to SIS; COM
mon to plain, 425a5.00.
Bulls-Choice to prime, none; good
to choice, 400a475: medium to good,
400 to 4.50 fair to medium, $50 to
400; plain to fair, 1925 to $50; COM
mon to plain, 800 to 325.
Cows-Choice to prime, none; good
to choice, 425 to 4.50; medium to good,
3.75 to 4.25; fair to medium, 3.25 to
3.75; plain to fair, 225 to 1925; COM
mon to plain, 1.50 to 2.25.
HeiferS-Choice to prime, none;
good to choice, 600 to $50; medium to
good, $50 to 600; fair to medium,
500 to $50; plain to fair, 400 to 500;
common to plain, $50 to 400.
Fresh cows and Springers, 5000 to
5000.
Sheep and lambS-Receipts, $500
head; moderate supply; market dull
Sheep, 100 to 800; lambs, $50 to $50.
Hogs-Receipts, $500 head; good sup
ply; market higher. Lights, 600 to
6.25; heavies, $50 to $40; medium,
800 to 6.25; roughs, 400 to Sis; light
pigs, SIS to 600; pigs, 500 to 6.15.
Calves-Receipts. 300 head; light sup
ply. market steady. Calves, 400 to
1000; extras, 1850.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
Special Dispatch to The Star.

KANSAS CITY. Mo-, october ia
distinct note of cheer is expressed by
the interior bankers over the new credit
plan that is being set up to assist in
caring for slow paper. The fact is that
the rural banks, as well as those in pop
ulation centers, have been concerned as
to their immediate future.
With deposits below the normal fig
ures for this date and with a general
holding of wheat wherever possible, the
difficulty of iquidating paper taken
during the past six months has become
a constantly increasing problem. On
top of this is the approach of the tax
paying season and demand for funds
with which to carry on cattle-feeding
operations.
While not much has been said about
it, the interior banks have worrisome
situation in the depressed market Tor
rail bonds When it became evident
that a demand would arise for liquid
reserves, many banks placed their funds
in rail securities, feeling that here they
would have a stable position. Since
Midwinter they have seen this factor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
CURB SHARES MOVE
IN NARROW RANGE
Changes in Leading Issues
Are SmaII-Trend
Mixed.
BY JOHN A. CRONE.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, October 19.-The Curb
Exchange. after opening with mixed
price trends moved quietly today, ols-
playing little uniformity in quotation
movements of groups.
Electric Bond g. Share moved within
a half-point range, while the price f1uc-
tuations of Cities Service were on an
even narrower scale. Standard Oil OF
Indiana around midday was up "a at
20',
A forward movement in the coppers
took place during the noon hour re-
f1ecting the belief that the world cop
pc: curtaiment conference, among other
things. will try to bolster quotations
of the red metal Newmont Mining,
Roam Antelope, United Verde Extension
and Shattuck-Denn led this furry.
Other mines that bettered as result
of this upSwing included Lake Shore
Mines and New Jersey Zinc.
Rejecting the tone of London mar
kets British shares also exhibited firm
ness, but this failed to bring about an
increased demand for such issues. Brit
ish-Americau Tobacco, British Celanese
Brazilian Traction, Woolworth, Ltd,
common and General Electric, Ltd,
registered fractional gains. Ford
Motor. Ltd. was virtually unchanged.
Aside from the activity in the cop
perS and BRUSH securities. the market
showed considerable selectivity. With
$4,000 workers back on the job and
prospects that they will continue at
work for the rest of the Winter, Glen
Alden Coal resumed its advance, which
was initiated Saturday when the trade
lifted hard coal prices, as increased
anthracite demand in some sections has
caused coal shortages.
Gains about Offset losses in initial
dealings.
Electric Bond & Share at 1919 rose
Il, as Cities Service at ~ declined Il.
Standard Oil of Kentucky at 1875
gained Is, while Niagara Hudson Power
at BIS dropped Is.
American Superpower at 67s was I'M
changed Aluminium Co. Of America
opened at 1912. off Il. On the eve of
the Copper Curtailment Conference,
red-metal shares such as Shattuck-
Dem and United Verde Extension were
a trif1e higher.
Glen Alden continued its advance of
the previous session. Brazilian Traction
opened up 2 at 1914. Woolworth, Ltd,
common opened up the same amount at
8. though it lost its initial gain on the
second trade. Ford Motor, Ltd opened
unchanged, then reacted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
RURAL BANKERS ENCOURAGED
BY CREDIT CORPORATION PLANS
New Government Agency Expected to
Tide Over Many Institutions Until
Produce Prices Improve.

in the banks assets diminish. Some
have charged eff the depreciation; 9TH
ers feel unable to do SO and are carry
ing the bonds regardless of their mar
ket value, hoping for recovery.
That continuation of all these fac
tors would during the coming Winter
prove serious for banks ordinarily we'll
fortified is acknowledged The new
credit organization, it is felt, will help
bridge over the period of waiting for
farm products to return to fairly nor
NAL price level. Certainly something is
needed If there is to be stability for the
financial structure.
Slight betterment in prices of farm
products has come this month-onIy a
few cents per unit, but it all helps
through encouraging the producer and
enabling him to maintain his morale
Now that the crop season is over he
must make his plans and decide whether
he shall pay his debts or save for the
Winter. Naturally, he inclines toward
the latter, and trade must wait on his
control Of buying power with which to
indulge his desires.
(Copyright, 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
IMPROVEMENT IN RUBBER
BUSINESS is REPORTED

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, october 19.-Manufac-
turers of rubber goods throughout Eu-
rope report marked improvement in
business and look for continued gains.
said Charles E. Wood today, after an
extended trip abroad.
Mr.. Wood, who is president of Charles
E Wood. Inc, crude rubber importers,
was optimistic over the prospect of re-
striction OF crude-rubber production
and consequent improvement in prices.
Plantation owners who discussed the
matter in London, Amsterdam. Rotter-
dam and Antwerp, the worlds principal
crude-rubber centers, favored restric
ton, he said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
SOME IMPROVEMENT
IN BUSINESS NOTED
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, October 19.-Stabiliza-
ton of fundamental financial factors
continues to be disturbed by accuculat-
ing difficulties in foreign conditions and
by delay in organizing domestic and in
ternational efforts. says the Business
Week in its report covering the week
ending october II,
Despite disappointments, there are
some slight evidences of improvement
in domestic business as internal eco
nomic adjustments proceed. Basic COM
modify prices have apparently stabilized
at bottom levels, while retail prices
rapidly recede. Employment shows
some seasonal expansion, merchandise
freight movement has risen to meet
holiday requirements, while steel de.
mand has quickened slightly from scat
tered sources.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
SEEN IN SECURITIES

t5ornblower g. Weeks, in their Oc-
+oher Investment Review, look for a
mich further improvement in security
nrices as confidence is restored through
mobilization of the country's banking
resources and the broad comprehensive
mans for worldwide cooperation now
in process of development. They pc
lieye that investors have begun to real
lie that a point has been reached where
sound Judgment will again have some
influence on the trend OF security prices.
Thev also find a more constructive
outlook as to the bond market, based on
formation of the National Credit Corpo-
ration. liberalization Of Federal Reserve
rediscount requirements, modification
of laws regarding bond investments for
New York savings banks and consider
alton of the pressing problems OF the
railroads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
Firms Are Merged.

NEW YORK, October 10 OH. w.
Caldwell e. Son, subsidiary of Link
Belt Co., has merged with George w.
Moore Co. of Chicago, manufacturers
of conveying equipment. Through the
merger Link-Belt acquires an entirely
new line of manufacture, Salem ele-
vator buckets, Q speciality Of the Moore
company.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-19
New York Cotton

Special Dispatch to The Star
NEW YORK. October l9.-Cotton
prices started off l to 9 points higher
at the opening of the market today.
Near months were heavily bought by
trade buyers and hedges, but in the dis
tant positions commission house liuui-
dation served to offset the improvement.
Opening prices were: October. 643,
up 9: December. $50. up 9: January,
ESQ. up 5: March. SIT. up 4; May,
ga, up ,. and July, I'll, up !.
Among the Elmorans of Africa women
show they are married by the number
OF brass rings around the neck.