davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
L. & N. R. r. WOULD SELL
$4,000, 900 IN BONDS

The Louisville e. Nashville Railroad
has asked the Interstate Commerce
Commission authority to issue and Sc.
SIR. OOO, 600 of its 1o-year secured pei
cent gold bonds, which will be secured
by the deposit and pledge OF s13,soO,ooo
of certain bonds.
The issue has been sold, subject tc
Interstate Commerce Commission ap-
prevail. to J. P. Morgan at 1854 per cent
Proceeds will be used to pay OF
S7,963.000 of funded belt maturing No
vember 1, 1881, and to pay in part for
the cost of new bridge over the Ohio
River at Henderson, KY, for which con-
tracts have been let.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23

Secured by first deed of trust on real estate.
Prevailing interest and commission.
Joseph |. Weller BE siS, wa s,s / T wv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
POTATO MARKET.

CHICAGO, September % up Omitted
States Department of Agricultural -
Potatoes. 81 cars; on track, 298 cars;
total United States shipments, Gal cars;
weak on Triumphs, about steady on
other stock: trading only fair: sacked,
per hundredweight, Wisconsin Cobblers,
85a95: poor, so up Minnesota Cobblers,
S5a95; pocr GOATS; Red River Ohios,
85a95; Idaho Russets, No. /, GOAL. 10;
No. 2, 10oa1.10 Triumphs, 85a1.00.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
Money to Loan

One hundred theaSer5 in China are
showing Chinese pictures exclusively.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
TRUCK COMPETITION
Is DECLARED SMALL
Auto Chamber Of Commerce Off
cial Finds Little Freight
Carried.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Pyke Johnson. secretary Of the Ma
tional Automobile Chamber of Com
merce, told the Richmond Trafic Club
that motor truck competition had thus
far furnished only negligible competi-
tion to the railway system of the
country.
Thus far" he said. evidence indi-
Gates that the cargo vehicles chief use
was to supplement rail service and to
give an opportunity for relief from I'M
desirable costs where the rail executives
have made use Of it, and many times
where they have not"
Quoting the Bureau Of Railway Eco
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
GASOLINE PRICE RAISED.

NEW YORK. September 23.--The
Shell OIL Co. and the Standard Oil Of
Pennsylvania have raised the service
station price of gasoline in Philadel.
phia n cent gallon TO 10 cents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
Canadian Money at Discount.

DETROIT, September % (P).-Mcst
Detroit banks today were accepting Ca
madam money at Is per cent dis
count. The action. they said. was due
to fluctuations in the exchange at New
York. 1t was expected an adjustment
would be made as soon as the rate at
New York became more settled. Ger
tain retail stores also were accepting
Canadian money at a discount.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
Z The

Stocks sold 1oOshre letter as"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
Auto Trade Is No Way Ont OF Crisis

automobive industry would have the effect
of stimulating the market now, nor that it
is possible for any manufacturing plan to
materially affect the situation at present.
He further stated that there is no economic
basis or justification for his bringing out the
new Ford model.
President L. A. Miller of WHY'S Overland
Co. says:
During the first year of the depression
there was the power to buy but not the
will. No wit seems that the case is re-
versed. There is a necessity and will to
buy but not the power
Both statements are open admissions that
far from the automobile industry climbing
out of the depths in which it finds itself, it
is faced by continued period of ever lowered
production.
A. R. Erskine, President of the Studabaker
Corporation, after predicting a greater sale
of autos in 1882 than in 1881 adds:
"In making this statement | am taking
into account the culminative obsolescence in
cars and consequent greater demand being
created despite lower purchasing power by
the public"
This at once spikes his optimistic fore
cast as being founded on nothing but pious
wish for recovery in the automobile indus
try. The admission that purchasing power
will be lower than before is also tacit adj
mission that automobile purchases will be
less because automobile purchasers are not
yet in the habit of giving autos away free
to whomever has demand" for them.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
White GmQrdists Divide Ovey Pohcyin Manehgsyia

THE Russian White guards of all shades Of
opinion from monarchist to capitalist re-
publican are engaged in bitter quarrel among
themselves now as to the correct tactics of their
organized military bands and propaganda ap-
paratus in the present Manchurian situation
There are two general groups now. Both act
on the theory that Japan is to cross the border
and wage war directly on the Soviet Union
Since these white guard organizations are sup
ported financially by the various imperialist
governments and capitalist groups, including
the u. s., this opinion as to the role OF Japan
is more than ordinarily interesting.
Particularly the American white guard organ
jzations have connection with. the Hoover adj
ministration, since one of Secretary of State
Stinnsons female relatives heads 8 white guard
service of supply, masquerading as a relief Or
ganization, and American army and militia Of
ficers actually belong to the white guard bands.
One battalion of the New York State militia is
made up entirely Of Russian white guardists.
Two Views.
But starting from the common premise that
Japan is to wage war openly on the Soviet
Union, difference of opinion arises Those
white" bandits who are now in Manchuria and
Japan, write articles in the white" Russian
press of all lands advocating enlistment directly
as allies Of Japan. The infamous murderer Of
the Russian peasantry and workers. General
Semenoff, whom General Graves, commander
Of the American troops in Siberia IA years ago.
stigmatizes in his recently published book as
the second most fiendsh scoundrel he ever met
(the worst man he knew was another Of Kol-
chak's generals) is now in Manchuria now as
then, in Japanese pay and plotting against the
Soviet Union
For U. S. Intervention.
But the other group and particularly those
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

Complete beWilderment at the persistence
of the crisis, forced admission that their per-
spective is in the direction of an intensified
tion of the crisis and complete bankruptcy
of the theories that stimulation of the auto
mobile industry is the method by which the
capitalists can steer themselves out of the
present crisis is contained in a number of
statements by leading figures in the automo-
bile industry.
Even the half-hearted predictions for an
upturn in the automobile industry are quail
flied by, the reservation that in any came the
improvement will not exceed the level of 1881
by more than Is per cent. Even should this
increase naterialize, it would still be an in
significant gain since according to the Fin
ancial Chronicle" production of autos for the
first months of 1881 was 81 per cent less
than the total production for similar period
in 1880. 'a'>s'
Still most important is the admission that
the Is per cent increase is dependent upon
economic recovery" Thus, the hopeessly
befudded industrialists surrender their for
mer theory that the crisis can be overcome
by an upward swing in the automobile in
dustry to the theory that the automobile in
dustry can improve its condition only if the
crisis is overcome. This insane reasoning in
q circle shows that the capitalist class is UNI
able to explain the crisis and does not expect
TO escape from it next year despite the Polly
anna statements of Hoover, Lamont and Co.
Henry Ford is quoted as saying that he
Toes not believe anything in sight in the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

here because you cannot help your
self, just as 1. You should expose this
system and overthrow It,"
Twelfth Witness--A Woman: For
five months ! have been doctoring my
verbose veins and got no results. The
nurses come and leave right away.
They tell you to have clean curtains
and this and that and make you sore
when you know you, have no money
for food. have no coal to burn and
the nurses find fault when the house
is full of smoke because I am forced
to burn wood that pick UP on the
streets. For the past two weeks I was
down with a bad grippe and the only
thing the doctors recommend is LEM
ons and oranges. How can I get
them? The nurse comes, but hasn't
accomplished anything. I told the
nurse that I'll throw her down the
stairs next time. she doesn't do some
thing. They give me prescription.
and go to the Swan Street Clinic.
they are always out of this medicine.
For the last year they have been Civ
ing me the same prescription, The
grocery check, we get. never pulls Us
thru the week, so we neighboors bor-
row from one anothpsry when We run
short" . +,43
Thirteenth. WttnesS7A Mani
get nothing from the City. I have
heavy mortgage on my small house
and am ready TO, sell IT, at any price.
but there Is no buyer, The City Relief
tells me to sell the house then they
will give me relief. There are five
children in the family. Everything
the children wear is old. Am borrow
ing money here and there and if 1
don't find work my house will be
taken away from me, I have made so.
many loans from relatives and
friends that now am ashamed to
ask anyone. I work one day week
as laborer. l have no coal and don't
know what III, do, maybe I'll have to
steal" . .-,,
Fourteenth Witness-A Man:-"Am
working only two days a week and
get a SO grocery, check from the city.
Have to pay my own coal and electrj-
bill, which has now run up to $5.i6
and I don't know where I'll get the
money to pay it, There are eight in
the family. One child needs medical
attention. 1t has been sick for long
time. The city told me. to move into
the filthy, lousy houses where the
rent is cheaper, We. .have no clothes
for the winter and, there is no way of
getting coal or clothes.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

used TO pay the rent but now refuses
because we get Sc. Am threatened
with eviction. Nobody in the family
can get work. We use wood for cook
ing"
Il have new life now because see
that we need such an organization in
this country ss tile unemployed
Council. We must not crawl in the
dark. We must come here to be help
to each other. We must organize to
fight against hunger. There are five
In my family and I get IS week in
grocery checks for which I have to
work one day. The City does not pay
for electricity or gas. 1 have to burn
a candle. We have no clothing for our
children. The doctor ordered dia-
bette diet for my wife, which requires
So more weekly. This we haven't got.
This makes it impossible for my wife
to cure her verbose veins. When the
nurse comes she finds faults with
the sheets, with the way the baby is
dressed, etc. They are always COM
planning with the way things look.
They do nothing for you. I know that
my home Is not what 1t should be.
Unemployment affects not only the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

who have been getting little favor from Amer
lean irnperialists, advocated more subtle policy.
Its program, as outlined in and supported by
the Russian white guard paper in New York,
Novoye Russkoye Slovo. is like this: when
Japan invades the Soviet Union, wave Of ma
tionalist feeling will sweep Russia drowning out
the pitiful cries Of the Bolshevik International
lists Then we will proclaim our leadership Of
the masses, who must be armed by the soviets
to fight against Japan. And to the help of the
Russian people, will como the power and pres
tige and support Of the great American re-
public. Not Japan, but we, will free Russia from
the Bolsheviks. Don't join the Japanese armies.
Wait and see what Uncle Sam does"
Actually, it was easy to see what their plan Is,
in the midst Of a Japanese U.S.S.R. war, to form
armed bands, however small, inside Of the Soviet
Union, proclaim a capitalist government, and
United States government.
Some Learn
While the struggle goes on and splits occur.
for instance shown by the recent founding in
New York of a paper in opposition to Novoye
Russkoye Slovo the new paper being pure mon
archist and called: Russkoye vecherniya Pochta,
the better elements among these white guards
are going over to the Soviet Union. The enc
mics Of the Bolsheviki have had two terrible
shocks lately. One Of their formerly most
prominent leaders, Count SviatopoIk- Nirsky,
now q university lecturer in London, got Job
to write book on Lenin. He tells in the pre-
face, and in magazine articles recently published
how he settled down for the first time to really
read Lenin's work, and to study the history Of
the Bolshevik revolution and also Stains works
and the facts about the Five Year Plan. When
he got through, he decided he had been all along
on the wrong side of the fence. The biography
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
Labor Under Soviet
Planned Economy

cent as regards the higher educational
institutions end by IS pr cent for the
secondary technical schools. Attend
ance was three times as large as orig
inally planned in the factory train
ing schools. and four and one-half
times as great in the workers facul-
ties.
In 1914 the number of students in
the higher institutions of learning
was 100000 BY 1881 this had more
than trebled, totaling $4,000. In
1914 the number in the elementary
and secondary trade and technical
institutions totaled $4,000. In 1881
those in the technical and factory
schools alone exclusive of vocational
schools. vocational workshops, and
the like totaled 100000, or prac-
tically seven times the pre-war total.
In addition, several million workers,
employees, and collective farmers are
at the present. time extending their
education by means of evening
schools, correspondence courses, etc.
In 1881 the Soviet budget approp-
rated for workers education sum
seven and a half times the amount
spent in 1914.
Wages.
The planned system of socialist
construction, the introduction OF
large numbers of people into produc-
tive labor, and the steady improve
ment in their skill as workers is re-
sulting in constant Improvement in
the material welfare and general
living conditions of the workers and
in q steady rise in their cultural level
The well-being of the Soviet work.
ers cannot be measured by the
amount of wages they receive. In the
Soviet Union wages play role which
cannot be gagged by the usual stan
dards. The worker is paid wages ir
accordance with the amount anc
quality of his individual labor, but II
addition there exist a number o.
other forms OF distribution of wealth
in which the collective nature of la.
Dor comes to the fore. These include
workers welfare funds, social i1lsur-
ance, funds for the training of indus
trial workers, the construction o
houses, educational and health ser
vices, and other socialized forms o
wages on which billions Of rubles arr
expended.
In these fields there has been 81
exceptionally rapid rate of develop
ment, as may be seen from the tabl
below,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
Unemployed Workers.! Here Is What Ma
tional Hunger Marchers Demand
Of Honrroce ~
OF Congress

Fifteen hundred elected delegates
Of unemployed workers il every city
of the United States will be in Wash
ington Dec. 6 and after National
Hunger March =
They will place before congress and
before President Hoover the follow
ing demands:
1. Unemployment insurance equal
to full wages, to be paid for by the
government, through special taxes if
necessary. They will demand that
Congress pass the Unemployment In
surance Bill brought there by the last
Hunger March.
2. Special Winter Relief of $3.50
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

S-%iese items by no means exhaust
all the component parts of what are
called "sociaEzed wages" millions Of
rubles are spent on annual vacations
with full pay. In 1929 a total of
1O7, 100000 rubles was spent on such
'27-28 1929 1890 1875. 1929
vacations; in 1881 the total rose to
364,0OO,0O0 rubles. Another such item
is the maintenance Of students in the
factory training schools, which in
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

the second Five-Year Plan, It is IN
tended to establish a normal working
day of six hours.
In addition to the establishment Of
the seven-hor day there are also
other factors which enter into short
ening the Soviet working day. These
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
OF Lentn gives him unstinted praise, and Sviato-
polk -Mirsky declares himself Communist SYM
pathizer now.

Of Lenin gives him unstinted praise and Sviato-
polk Mirsky declares himself 4 Communist SYM
pathizer now.
General Speaks w u
Ths story OF the latest shock to white guard
feelings. is contained in an article in Issue No
% OF Novoys Russkoye Sloyo. A, certain former
Csarist general named Yakhontoy spoke before
weekly banquet Of the Rotary Club In SYRIA
cuse, and announced: 1T is better, TO know the
truth than to go on believing, lies",, Then Yak
hontoy told the Rotarians7 that THE Five Year
Plan was succeeding and that it ought to sue
coed, because it was entirely for the good OF the
Russian masses, and furthermore, tho same thing
could be said OF this land collectis1zation pro-
gram, and Of the Soviet government itseN H
showed in his speech thai, he knew OF the great
difficulties, and he stin Was firmly convinced
that all the Communist program In the Soviet
Usion was going to succeed. $500 =
Novoye Russkoye slovo threw fit the author
Of the article calls Yakhonto assbelly-
before tho Communists" and larnents, $50 low
has fallen man who once wore the uniform Of
an officer in the Russian army" but the dam
age Is done. eslat4
Meanwhile the struggle RACES over whether to
join Japan in an attack on the Soviet Union,
and Russkoye vecherniya Pochta (Russian Eve
ming Post-though it is a. weekly paper sneers
at Novoye Russkoye Slovo as, "a paper in Rus
sian but not Russian paper and hints there
are too many jews on the Novoye Russkoye
Slovo
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
A Stenograbhic Record of a.Publid
Hearing Held by the Unemployed
Council in Buffalo on Oct. 20, 1881

and I need clothes and shoes. There
is no gas nor electricity in the house
and have no coal for the winter. The
Welfare Council sends around an ain
vestigator" who snoops around asking
me whether 1 have an automobile.
Am back in my rent three months"
Tenth Witness-A Man:-"Am out
Of work more than year. I receive
81 grocery check for which I have to
work one day. My mother-inlaw re-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

include the right of the worker to
take time off for regular meals, the
time allowed off for nursing mothers,
and the practice now being adopted
in Soviet industry of allowing free
periods of rest and physical exercise.
Ito be concluded
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

workingman, but his wife and child
rem, and I have fivesI cannot enjo
life without a. few cents in my poke
So, what's the pse- of the freedor
that they talk. about! A person is nc
free who is broke and has no work
Does the City Welfare make any pro-
visions for riding on street cars?
They only give you those food checks.
Workers, voice your protest here and
tell about your conditions. You are
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

ing day has undergone the following
changes: In 1904 the average work
ing day for Russian industry as a
whole was 1877 hours; in 19l3-9.S7
hours; In 191S-7.69 hours; and In
193l-7.02 hours.
This year 70 per cent Of the work.
ers in state large-scale industry are
on the seven-hour day; in 1882 it is
planned to have 90 per cent on the
seven-hour day. At the beginning of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

cash in a lump sum and $50 addition
al for each dependent.
3. Seven hour day without reduc-
ton in wages; federal program of fur
nishing work to the jobless at fu
wages; abolition Of terror and dis
elimination against. Negroes and for
eign born workers. 5io.
4. Special demands for farmers
and ex-servicemer.
Your support is needed! See that
your organizations sends delegates to
united front conferences pic,--;ag Hun
ger March delegates. Slaise funds for
financing the &tiohal Hunger
March! If unemployed. join the
Councils Of the Unemployed!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05
Harry Eisman Writes to An
American Professor

me ten days to catch up with the
rest of the class and assigned an
assistant teacher to teach me what
I was weak in: while I, in return,
helped the teacher learn the English
language. 70
So you can see that I am really
happy here. My eighteenth birthday
and the first anniversary of my being
set free from tbs American prison
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05


Union with the school system in
the United States. 1t was written
by Harry Eismann, the Young
Pioneer who was arrested in New
York for his activities in organizing
the workers children, TO his friend,
II. W. L. Dana, q professor of lit
erature at Harvard University and
great grandson of Henry Wads-.
worth Longfellow, the poet,
Moscow
November te, 1881
Dear Professor Dana;
What a difference exists be-
tween the American and Russian
schools! I want to emphasize two
points: First, the discipline of the
pupils; and second, the relationship
between the pupils and the teachers.
In America the pupils are dis
ciplined by the teachers. In the
Soviet Union the pupils discipline
themselves. In America the only way
the teachers can keep order is by
threatening and shouting at the kids,
Here the teachers do not have to
threaten and shout. Here every pupil
understands what discipline is and
how he is to conduct himself. Take
this little fact. Between the classes
here, there are always ten minutes
free. In America when kids enter a
classroom they start shouting, fight
ing, throwing blackboard erasers,
chalk, etc. Here, when we enter a
class room we either take our seats or
talk quietly with one another, walk
ing about the room. When the bell
rings, all the kids stop talking and
walking about and take their seats.
AL this they do without having to be
told to.
Now for the relationship between
teachers and pupils. The teacher here
is in every sense of the word an older
comrade who happens to know more
and is more experienced. The pupils
call their teacher: Comrade--."
The teacher does the same. Let me
cite what occurred to me several days
ago in the school, We were in @
mechanical drawing class: The
teacher noticed that 1 didn't under
stand the technical terms he used in
Russian. Before he dismissed the
class, he told me to remain. / did so.
What do you think he asked mes
He said, if I wanted, he would help
me after schol hours. Think of a
teacher in America staying after
hours in schoI to help a backward
pupil.
Another fact. We were in a naath-
ematics class. forgot how to do an
algebra problem. Did the teacher yell
at me? Did he. think I was a dumb
bell? No. What did he do? He gave
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-05

ceives 81. We have no gas nor electri-
city and use the kerosene lamp for
lighting purposes. Have, not paid rent
for three months. The City Welfare