davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08

London electric railways collected
more than $7S,000,000 in fares last
year, the increase over 1929 receipts
being $3,726,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
OCPU OFFICIAL SAYS SOVIET
WORKS $4,000 PRISONERS
Escaped Convicts Bare Is Hours Daily
Toll of Men Who Live at Lumber Camps
In Statements to Parliament.

were severely beaten and given short
rations.
1,OO0 Held In Camp.
The AFFIDAVIT of another man, whose
name was not made public, said he had
been arrested and without trial SEN
fenced to five years labor and five ad-
ditional years Of exile. He worked in
lumber camp where there were 1,OOC
prisoners.
He said that If the daily stint had
been completed the men were allowed
to buy extra food with money paid them
for their labor. The daily allowance OF
food was about ia pounds of bread, "A
pound Of threshed grain and about / "a
ounces of fish.
The affldavits were made public to-
day by the central oflce of the Con-
sentative party. There was a covering
letter from Bellairs saying that he had
been invited by the government to sup
ply evidence of Soviet prison labor, but
that later the president of the Board of
Trade and the secretary for foreign
affairs had said no consideration would
be given the matter, since no public
body had protested.
The cost-of- living figure in England
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
CANADIAN MINISTER
DUE HERE THURSDAY
Hugh Guthrie, K. c., Attorney
General, to Attend Bar
Group Dinner.

Hugh Guthrie, K. c., minister Of
justice and attorney general OF Canada
win arrive here Thursday from Ottawa
to attend and speak at the eleventh
annual reception and dinner of the
Federal Bar Association, to be held al
the Mayfiower Hotel Thursday evening
In commemoration of Abraham Lin
coins birthday anniversary. =
The other distinguished speaker will
be Chieg Justice Charles Evans Hughes
Attorney General william D. Mitchell
will act as POSTMASTER.
A final meeting of the Committee on
ARRANGEMENTS will be held Tuesday
afternoon at o'clock at the ONCE OF
Assistant Attorney General Charles
Peck Sisson, who is vice chairman OF
the committee. - 49,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
Rx the Associated Press.


SANDUSKY, Ohio, February THE
last Of the forlorn graves on Johnsons
Island, whose rocky, picturesque shores
walled q prison for thousands Of Con-
federate soldiers, has come into the
possession Of the Government the cap
tives fought.
President Hoover the other day signed
a bill authorizing the War Department
to acquire without cost the little
100 by 4S5 foot plot formerly owned by
the Robert Patton Chapter of Cincin-
natl, United Daughters Of the Confed-
eracy. The rest of the plots, contain
ing in all the graves of 206 soldiers
Of the South who died while prisoners
of war, were taken over in 1906.
The little islet was a prison for a
total of $4,000 gray-clad men between
1862 and 1864, although the most at
any one time was 5000. There they
watched 247 of their comrades die,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08

The cost-of-lving figure in England
and Wales is dropping.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
WIFE CHARGES CRUELTY
Leon Forrest Douglass, Jr., Son of
Talking Machine Man, Sued.

RENO, New, February Z R-
Leon Forrest Douglass, jr., whose father
was one Of the original incorporators
of the Victor Talking Machine Co., is
charged with desertion, failure to pro-
vide and cruelty in a divorce complaint
filed here by Evelyn N. Douglass. The
father has a palatial home at Menlo
Park, Calf.
Mrs. Douglass asks custody of son,
but does not seek alimony. Douglass
was reported to be in Paris.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08

dIC SOA OAoaAy AhNAoSN
Everything Is free. Ane
you are genuinely vel
come.
Come and see this
new and extensively
conceived wholesale
market project. Every
member Of the asso-
citation located here is
having open house"
Don't miss this pic
Aae-carnlval Of picnic
Iarnivalsl
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
Less Dirty Work at the Crossings

There Is less dirty work at the crossings these days II
the safety experts are correct. The latest data show
that motor accidents at railroad crossings are declining
both in number and severity, even though the total num-
Der of accidents and the death rate from motor mishaps
of all sorts still is mounting.
This reversal Of form, according to the bulletin pub
lished by the North Dakota state railroad board. is "In
tpNt due to the increased cooperation Of the public" In
enclosing caution while approaching and passing over
railroad tracks. The other factor is the elimination OF
dangerous railroad crossings as rapidly as time and
money will permit.
Just how effective these measures have been is shown
by the figures. In 1880, the number killed at railroad
crossings was 2020 or 465 less than in 1929. This was
a decrease Of nearly 10 per cent. The number injured
was 5,517, a decrease OF 1927. The total number of such
accidents in 1880 was 1883 as compared with 5975 in 1929.
The fact that these reductions occurred while the total.
OF all other fatalities in motoring accidents increased
four per cent is proof Of two things. One is that the
public can learn II the lesson Is repeated often enough
and taught in strong enough terms. The other is that
the public can protect itself If it wills to do so.
1t still is much too early to brag about our carefulness
as a nation when as many as 1920 persons die in cross
Ing accidents in a year. but the comparative figures
give cause for hope.
AS soon as the public learns to drive safely, sanely
and with due regard for the rights of others the more
terrifying curve of highway accidents will take a similar
downward trend.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13

If federal agents are correct about AL Capones income,
1t is not hard to believe that last year $2,00o,Ooo,OO was
spent on liquor in the United States. These figures were
compiled by the Association against Prohibition and are
challenged by the American Business Mems Prohibition
Foundation.
The Foundation cites, in reouttal, that in the peak liquor
years of 1914-16 the United States spent only s3,5C0.OOO,-
600 for liquor. This Of course proves little. Bootleg
prices Of liquor consumed today are double, treble and
even more than In the days of 1916. The figure $780,
900, 900 does not necessarily mean that more liquor is
consumed now than in the peak days referred to-; 1t
probably means that the public is paying q high prem
ium for q very low grade Of stuff. That Is about all the
figures can prove II they can be relied upon at all.
Every one knows, however, who has made any honest
study of the liquor situation. that there is more drink
ing among the very young now than in the peak days
of 1914-l6. Then high school and college students in
very small numbers drank. The hip flask was hardly
known. There also is drinking today In circles which
would not have tolerated the practice before the days
of prohibition. These are conditions brought about by
prohibition. Those opposed to the liquor traffic meet
this situation with the argument that there are social
betterments as a result of prohibition which offset the
evils.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
BOARD OF STATE CAPITOL
COMMISSIONERS
Advertisement for Bids

Sealed bids for the removal of the
debris resulting from the burning OF
the State Capitol Building at Bis
marck, North Dakota, will be re-
ceived by the State Board of Capitol
Commissioners, at the office Of the
tant Generals Office at Bismarck.
the morning of June Gath, 1881.
Each bid shall state on the outside
Of the envelope hat it is for IRE.
moval Of Capitol Building Debris"
followed by the name of the bidder.
It shall be addressed as follows:
ers. Office Of the Secretary, Adjutant
Generals Office, Bismarck, North Da-
kota.'
Specifications for the work to be
done a be obtained from the Of
flee OF the Secretary after June 10th,
1881.
Each bid must be accompanied by
in an amount equal to three per cent
OF such bid, conditioned upon the exc
cution and faithful performance of a
contract if the bid is accepted by the
Board. The certified check will be
made payable to George A. Bangs,
President Of the Board of State Capt.
tol Commissioners.
Work on this contract. If let, must
be begun MOI later than ten days
after signing a contract and be COM
pleted sixty days thereafter,
The Board of State Capitol Commits
sioners reserves the right to reject
Board OF STATE CAPITOL
Z By FRANK L. ANDERS.
~6/6-13-20
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
OPERATIONS
OF AGENCIES LIFTED
PRICES FOR WHEAT
Grain Corporation Manager
Speaks Before coopera-
ton institute

Manhattan, kaS., June lS.-R-
George s. Minor, Chicago, general
manager of the Farmers National
Grain corporation and the Grain
Sterilization corporation, declared
Friday that marketing operations OF
/ the two agencies had created higher
values for wheat producers during the
1930-193l season by seven to Is cents
a bushel.
The manager made the statement
In an address prepared for delivery at
the American institute of cooperation.
Minor said that during the sum-
mer Of 1929, cash wheat sold at ruin
Gus discounts relative to options and
paid tolls in millions of dollars OF
added expenses and demurrage on
cars which had to be held on tracks
for weeks and months before they
could be unloaded" because of de
plorable" congestion.
Holdings Are Shifted
I'm order to avoid q repetition Of
conditions surrounding the previous
season." he said, "the Farmers Ma
tional Grain corporation, in conjunc-
ton with the Grain Sterilization
corporation, began to shift its huge
holdings from every point that held
the slightest indication Of congestion.
Thus, in ample time, millions of bu-
shells OF old crop wheat were gotten
completely out of the way Of the
huge onrushing movement of new
crop grains.
Certainly no individual private
agency or any group Of private agen.
cies could have accomplished these
results.
1.-THE result actually achieved by
creating this space and permitting
new wheat 70 be properly merchan-
dised and housed actually made a
difference in value to the producer
Of anywhere from seven to Is cents
a bushel.
Board Seeks Equality
I'm spite Of untoward conditions"
Minor said, 1.-The active antagonism
Of the great bulk Of our vested grain
interests and their exchanges or
boards OF trade, we have pursued VI
course to encompass the purpose
OF the marketing act; namely, to
place agriculture on a basis of econ
omic equality with other industries
"The Farmers National, he said,
has handled much more than 10O,-
100000 bushels Of the producers grain
during the present crop season, neces-
stating establishment of merchandise
ing agencies in every important pro-
ducing center and also selling agen-
cies at points strategically located
with reference to consuming terri
tories.
ITO some extent" he said, "our pro-
gram might be said to be in it's en-
bryonic state, as naturally much adj
ditional expansion confronts us"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
Daily Health Service
Removal of Cataract on Eye Is Now Simple
Operation
Affected Lenses Occur Most Often in People
so to 60 Years Old

such a competent form that they are
quite safe in the vast majority OF in
stances. The operation is due under
a local anesthetic in older people. It
is carried out under strictly clean
conditions; the procedure is practi-
cally painless and the great majority
of those operated on get back useful
vision.
It must be realized at the same
time that there is no treatment Of
cataract by the dropping Of various
substances into the eye, by injections
under the skin, or by any similar
method which has been proved to be q
safe and suitable method of treating
the disturbance.
* x x
After a cataract is removed the
person wears what are known as cat
aract glasses. These glasses are made
SO that they help to focus the image
properly on the retina. The person
who has been unable to see for some
time because of the development Of q
cataract. who has been unable to
play golf or to get about and who
then RECEIVERS his sight by the simple
operation that any competent special
list in diseases OF the eye can perform,
is one of the most thankful OF all peo-
pie for the benefits Of modern medical
science.
In q recent discussion Of the SUBJ
ject in Hygeia, DR.. Louis Lehrfeld
urges the widest dissemination of the
knowledge that people who have lost
their sight by cataract can be helped
by this technic. No doubt, there are
thousands Of afflicted aged people
who are helpless because they never
learned that vision can be restored
after c~ataractS have formed.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
MinOt Is Host to
Norwegian Meeting

Minot, N. D., June IL. The
annual convention of the Northwest
Tronderlag, which opened in Minot
Friday, will be concluded Saturday
evening with a banquet and an adj
dress by the Rev. r. Ulvilden. pastor
Of the First Lutheran church here.
Attendance at the meeting was es-
timated at between $50 and 800 by
Mrs. o. Lekang, Minot, secretary Of
the organization.
Features Of the convention pro-
gram will include the showing Of mo-
ton pictures taken in Norway, an ad-
dress by P. O.. Bugge. Bisbee, who at
tended the 900 year festival in Nor
way and also the 1000 year celebra-
ton in Iceland, a dance this evening
and a talk by the Rev. Erling Monncs,
Minot.
The annual business meeting and
election of officers Is scheduled for
Saturday afternoon.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
A Queer Case

When gunner fired a series Of shotgun sugs into the
Jail at Dayton, Ohio, Monday, they opened a queer case
in the annals of American crimedom, for it appears to
be the first time on record that the forces of lawless-
ness have attacked the supporters OF law and order in
their own stronghold.
It may have been a gesture Of contempt and defiance
or it may have been an effort to kill someone already
in Jail who might be expected by the gunner to reveal
facts concerning their operations.
A third reason may have been a desire to scare the
policemen thoroughly and to convince them that un-
happy consequences may result if they get too vigorous.
Whatever it may portend, the occurrence doesn't look
very f~ortuitous for the civilian population of the Ohio
city.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
Our Tariff Walls

Canada has answered the Smoot-Hawley tariff bill by
setting up retaliatory schedules. American capital has
been forced to build factories in Canada so as to check
loss of profitable accounts and to profit by the free
trade policies of Great Britain.
A recent statement from the Department of Commerce
shows that Canada's trade with the United States fell to
s44y $50. 900 last April as compared with $e4,ooo.ooO a
year ago.
Exports to Argentine from the United States show a
marked decrease due to the same situation. They have
fallen from $1,000 600 in 1929 to an estimated $780,
600, 900. Food for thought in these days of unemploy-
ment.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
New Trade Era in 1888

He is bold indeed who will prophesy on trade condition
these days. Yet DR.. David Friday. economist and advise
to the treasury department, told 500 st. Louis bushes
the other day that a new trade era was du
in 1888.
BY December Of this year. he says, industrial outpu
should be up Is per cent. Here is his theory:
The fact that employment once more Is pick
ing up will make people more ready to buy goods
and will accelerate the recovery when once it
Is started, d.. Friday said.
During the last five months retail prices have
fallen on IN average Of as per cent. in some cases
80 per cent. You're bound to get some revival
Of manufactured output from that adjustment.
Labor costs have declined materially. This
Is not due so much to the reduction OF wages,
although there has been more Of this than Is
generally believed or more than wage rates in
dicate. but, rather, in tho great increase In the
efficiency Of labor and management during the
last 10 months.
Dividends to stockholders are reduced relatively
little In most periods Of depression. It Is doubt
full whether the money income Of the people. as
distinguished from corporations, Is Oft Is much as
Is per cent, even during the worst periods. such
Is the last three months.
Production cannot continue Ut . level OF So
per cent below the peak, II 1t Is to meet the
demand a consumers. This results In an In
cSeaoe Ia industrial activity. This turn means
Increased employment.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
The Question of Wages
New York Tines

tNeW LUX LuC
In the Special Features Section Of The Times today
will be found an article full Of information about how
the wages of labor have Jared during the period of de-
preston. No subject has been more widely discussed. On
opinion regarding both the facts and the policy which
ought to be pursued. Inquiries were addressed to The
and their answers, as printed today, abound in concrete
material. The figures come from many cities, and from
states both manufacturing and agricultural. The show
ing is not uniform. In some regions there have been con-
siderable reductions in wages, often with the consent Of
the employees. In most others the old scale has been
maintained, at least nominally. OF course, with many
workers necessarily laid off for a time, and with others
working only three or four days a week, the total payroll
has been cut down. But in general, it is fair to say,
the great companies and the leading employers have
kept their tacit pledge not to take advantage OF the hard
times by lowering wages. The details are given in the
article referred to. which is sure. on account OF its timely
and pressing interest, to attract much attention.
Economists and practical men are not all agreed that
it has been wise, especially in view Of the marked fall
in the cost Of living, to insist upon the maintenance OF
high wages. But all agree that in it there is evidence
not only of good faith, but Of hopefulness for the future.
It is confidently expected that, with the return OF pros
perity, the old scale Of wages can be kept IN force with
benefit to all concerned. Labor organizations and the
great body OF the employed have faced the hard problem
with fortitude and common sense. They naturally strive
to hold what they have gained, and look forward to
the time when their high rates Of pay will be justified.
Meanwhile, is it not fair to ask OF them that they con-
tribute something to the general effort to tide over the
days Of hardship? without making a sacrifice - their
fixed wages, could they not give up some OF their de-
mands which mean waste. and 50 increase the cost OF
II we are all in the same boat, as we like Ito think
that we are, each one must pull his oar to the common
advantage. Labor could do 1t, in the opinion OF expert
enced men, II 1t would yield something In the way OF
special privileges, and even arbitrary rulings, which have
been established In good times. but which might be re-
~Mnquished, Or modified, when everybody IS anxious TO
sustain the excellent community spirit which has, on
the whole. been so gratifyingly displayed through all this
period, and which ought to mean hearty cooperation IN
every way possible.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor, Journal of the American Med

Editor, Journal of the American Med
ical Association.
Again and again people have been
told that the human eye is like a
camera. 1t has a lens; it hat q shut
ter. which is the iris; the pupil is
the hole in the shutter through which
the light enters, and at the back of
the eye is the retina or the sensitized
plate on which the image is cast.
The lens Of the eye is a crystal
clear tissue like a magnifying glass.
Obviously anything that causes the
lens to become cloudy prevents the
passing of the light carrying the
image through the pupil and back to
the retina. When the lens becomes
cloady or opaque the condition is call
ed cataract. A cataract is not a
growth OF tumor. Such growths or
tumors may occur in the eye, but they
constitute an entirely different con-
dition. A cataract of the lens is like
a frosted glass through which one
wishes to see.
Most cases of cataract occur in peo-
pie between SO and 60 years of age,
but the condition may occur in young
er people under various circumstances.
There are children born with catar-
acts; workmen may have pieces of fly
ing steel or glass pass into the eye
and rupture the lens, which results in
cataract. Children get their eyes in
Jured in play and c~ataracts may fol-
low. =
For years it has been known to ply
Sicians that loss of vision due to cat
aract can be helped by surgical oper-
ations which are relatively simple, in
deed which have now developed to
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
1O4 ARE GRADUATED
BY MN0T COLLEGE
Dr.. Henry Lawrence South
wick, Boston Educator, Is
Commencement Speaker

Minot, N. D., June II. The
Minot State Teachers college Friday
ended its regular 1930-3l term with
graduation exercises at which 10 stu
dents were presented with Bachelor
Of Arts degrees in education and sc
were given standard diplomas.
The summer term, which begins
next Monday with registration, will
continue to Aug. q and an enroll
ment of several hundred is expected
DR.. Henry Lawrence Southwick,
president Of Emerson College of Ora
tory OF Boston, Mass, for more than
three decades, addressed the grad
yates at Fridays exercises, speaking
on the subject Of THE Education of
Taste"
"You can't make a man any better
than he wants to bel wonder how
long 1t Is going to take our legisla-
lures to discover that?" DR.. South
wick said.
But it Is easy to make him care
for and want what he has not cared
for before"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
TODAY IS THEA
@AgHA
BIGGEST AIR RAID

On June 13, 1917. the worst Ger
man air raid over England was car
ried out in the broad daylight of
noon, when a squadron of German
airplanes bombed the East End and
the business sections of London, kill
ing 81 persons and injurying 437.
Many Of the victims were women
and children, 100 Of the latter being
either killed or injured. The large
number Of casualties was due to the
fact that the eating places in the
East End were crowded at the hour
of the raid. schools were still in ses-
sion and large numbers of persons
were on the streets. No damage Of a
military or naval nature was done.
Only one Of the attacking plans was
brought down.
A supplementary official report
stated In part:
THE air raid over London lasted
about is minutes. The raiders were
engaged by guns of the East London
defenses and q large number of air.
planes of the Royal Flying Corps and
Royal Naval Air Service were sent
up as soon As the enemy was reported
off the coast. Several engagements
took place in the air"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-13
Familiarity of Fort Lincoln

Federal officials who seek to abandon Fort Lincoln
should note the popularity of the post among applicants
for the citizens military training camp. The quota
there is filled while some other posts throughout the
nation have many vacancies.
There are few posts in the nation so ideally located as
Fort Lincoln or where military training can be given any
more effectively. That military plant represents a great
investment and is in good condition. Few posts of the
nation afford better housing conditions.
Those who control military policies at Washington
should be slow to close a post such as Fort Lincoln. Its
many advantages will bear the closest kind Of investi-
CATION.