davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Students Here and Elsewhere Show
Keen Interest in Foreign Affairs

Students in American universities
and colleges are developing an tncreas-
ing interest in the study OF interna-
tional affairs. In some institutions
fully half of the undergraduates are
enrolled in world politics courses. A
steady gain Is reported also in the
number of young men and women 60
ing abroad for undergraduate and post
graduate work.
A significant index Of the prevailing
trend appears in the plan of Fidac, an
international body of World War vet
Grams Federation Internalltee des An
eiens Combattants) for awarding med
ais to institutions which excel in pro-
noting curricula of the wider outlook.
Fidac is sending out queStionnaires for
1881, this being the second year of its
project. An analysis of the facts Of
world politics instruction. made from
the 1880 returns, has been made as q
guide to the second annual program, .
Among those who have been asked
to serve on the 1891 jury are DR..
Stephen F. Duggan, chairman; DR..
David P. BarrowS, Brig. Gen. L. r.
Gignilliat and DR.. Paul Monroe. all
four having been jurors last year, and
DR.. Robert M. Hutchins of the Uni
versity of Chicago. Institutions which
received medals in 1880 will not be
eligible. The 1881 medals will be
awarded to one institution each of the
following classes: Colleges and univer-
sites in the United Stats with an en-
rollment of more than 1000 students,
American women's colleges at large and
colleges and universities with 1000 en-
rollments or less. AL the institutions
considered or nominated must be on
the approved list of the Association Of
American Universities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

Announcement Of the names of the
winners will be made at the Fidac Con-
gTesS, to be held next September in
Prague, Czechoslovakia. If possible the
medals will be given to representatives
Of the selected institutions in person.
If the colleges or universities do not
find it convenient to send represent
ativeS to Europe the medals will be pre-
sented in this country by the national
commander of the American Legion.
Thirty-nine institutions made reports
for 1880, and the replies Of six were re-
ceived after the lists were closed. The
latter will be considered in the current
year.
fleets the views of many former soldiers
who hope for the spread of interna-
tional good viii and understanding.
Investigation of the jurors revealed
a marked tendency on the part of the
younger generation to widen their po-
litieal horizons. Gordon L. Berry, as
sistant director of the Institute of In
ternational Education, reports this in
elination has been especially marked in
the last three years and is making ex-
tensive gains for 1881.
Columbia University took the highest
rank in the number and variety of
COuISCS III 1IlJcIIldblOIld4 IClhtlOtlS VI
world politics. Her catalogues show
in international law, IS in international
relations. IS in regional history, S on
foreign governments, Is on incarnation
al trade and finance, 6 on international
labor problems, 18 In geography and 10
in education.
Georgetown University has approx
mately 100 courses designed almost ex-
clusively for the preparation for careers
in diplomacy.
Among the subjects in which instruc-
ton Is given at Johns Hopkins Uni
versity are international law, nation
atty and nationalism, foreign relations
of the United States. underlying factors
in the Far East, diplomatic protection
of citizens abroad, International claims,
diplomatic practice and procedure and
American cooperation with Europe
since the World War.
Such activities have led to thousands
of American students going abroad. 1t
Is estimated there are today fully 5000
in France alone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Continued From Third pase.l

Continued From Third Page)
plation Of death. 1t held that these
words do not mean the general knoy7l-
edge of all men that they must die,
but that there must be present appre-
hension from some existing bodily or
mental condition, creating a reasonable
fear that death Is near at hand, and
this reasonable fear must be the direct
or immediate cause of the transfer.
Under such interpretations, it Is appar-
ent that the Government will have hard
shedding 10 collect an estate tax on
estates transferred Gin contemplation of
death"
A similar case, pending for writ Of
certiorari before the Supreme Court,
came from the Circuit Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit. John Wanna
maker transferred 95 per cent of his
property to his son within two years
prior to his death. The Circuit Court of
Appeals held that although Mr.. Wanna
maker was "a years old at his death and
had been seriously Ill. the transfer was
not made IN contemplation OF death,
because it was not shown that the rea-
sonable fear of death, near at hand,
was the direct or animating cause OF
the transfer.
The Minnesota gag law, which pro-
vides that any newspaper customRrily
publishing or circulating malicious
Scandalous or defamatory matter shall
be declared a public nuisance and its
further publication enjoined, is still
before the Supreme Court. The de-
cision here. If rendered on the merits
of the controversy, may have an i'm
portant effect on freedom Of the press
in this country.
Criticism of the Government Is
most valuable right in q free country,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

Of these relations from the economic,
political and cultural standpoint cannot
by overemphasized. They are impor-
tant today, and they are destined TO
be of even greater importance in the
future.
The material or economic interests
of the United States In the nations of
Latin America have already reached
large proportions and are with each
year increasing in Importance. In 1890
the 20 southern republics purchased In
the United States merchandise to the
value Of $629,2l2,000 and sold to us
goods to the value Of $677, 78l 900. They
present vast market for the extern
sive manufacturing industries Of the
United States, for our automobiles, road
and farm machinery railroad equip
ment. textiles and the multitude Of
products which agricultural and pas
toral countries must seek in industrial
nations. On the other hand, the coun-
tries of Latin America are the source
from which the United States secures
those commodities. principally raw ma
terials and products of a tropical or
semi-tropical nature, which this coun-
try itself Is not able to produce. There
Is, therefore. reciprocal economic de-
tendency Of one section on the other,
which works to the advantage Of both
Within recent years large sums of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

ter clearer knowledge of the purposes
Uni. ed States.
This current Of intellectual and cult
ural interchange is being developed in
a number of ways, by the study of
Spanish and Portuguese In this coun-
try, and of English in Latin America;
student and teacher exchanges between
the two areas on an increasing scale;
the growth Of tourist travel the use Of
the radio in making better known the
music and literature of the United
States to Latin America and vice versa
These are but a few Of the methods by
which friendly contacts based on mu-
tual understanding may be and are
being built. With the growth of this
intellectual and cultural, commercial
and economic approximation, it Is in
evitable that the relations between the
republics OF the American Continent
should be placed on a firm foundation
That is the purpose of the Pan
American movement--the promotion Of
a mutually Of understanding between
the governments and peoples of the
American Continent; a reciprocal ap-
probation of the aspirations and ideals
Of the several nations the development
Of a spirit of mutual helpfulness and
cooperation in all matters affecting the
welfare of the people of the American
Continent, on the principle that the
progress of all the countries comprising
the Pan-American Union can be best
promoted by placing at the disposal Of
all the benefit Of the experience of
each.
There is much that the people of the
United States can contribute and much
that they can gain in the carrying out
Of such a program. There is every
reason, therefore, that the appeal con-
tanned in the Presidents proclamation
should find ready response throughout
the country, and that schools, colleges,
women's clubs and civic and other as
sociations interested in Pan-American
afHairs should properlY observe the iaY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
AUSTRO-CERMAN TRADE
PLAN STIRS EUROPE
One of Most Important Situations That
Has Developed Since
World War.
Continued From Third Page.)

Continued From Third Page.)
country largely owes its existence as
an independent state to the efforts Of
France. and it seems unlikely that
President Massaryk and Premier Ed
uard Benes will easily forget the serv-
ices France has rendered their country
and join with Frances rivals, II not
potential enemies.
But the situation in Czechoslovakia
might change II the Austro- German
Hungarian umanian bloc becomes an
accomplished fact. There are some ga
million Germans in that country (most
of the prosperous citizens). Czechoslo-
vakia is an important industrial state,
but has no adequate outlet to the sea.
BY he treaty of Versailles and Trianon
she was given an outlet on the Adri-
attic, but her natural ports are Ham,
burg and Bremen. For the time being,
there are no serious difficulties In her
way to send her manufactured prod
ucts to either of those ports, but when
the Germans complete their scheme Of
tariff unions with the other Central
European states 1t Is highly improbable
that they will continue to give the
CzechoSlovaks, II they remain outside
the union, the same privileges they give
their other associates. Consequently, in
spite of DR.. Benes' fervent desire of re-
naming Frances faithful ally, the time
may come when the economic interests
of Czechoslovakia will force the govern
ment to consider favorably a union
with the other central European states
There Is no doubt in the minds of
students of world politics that econom-
les determine more than politics the
grouping of nations. Economics are, as
rule, the main reason for war be-
tween nations, and economics bring
nations together to form what become,
ulteriorly, political alliances.
This the French know full well, and
this is the reason why they are so up
set by the Austro-German tariff union.
phe French are keen students of his
tory. They remember that the begin
ming of the growth Of the German
power in Europe dates back from the
time when. through Prince Bismarck,
Prussia, Bavaria, Wurttemberg and
Saxony, all free and independent
states, got together and formed q
zollverein. Napoleon III, then En-
peror of France, was accused by his
torians of not having sufficient political
vision to prevent that agreement The
tariff union of those four Germanic
states was followed by the war against
against Austria in 1866, and finally
ended with the war against France in
1870, which eliminated in the estab-
lishment of the German Empire in
1871. The French don't want this TO
happen again if they can possibly help
it. There is little chance, however, Of
the French being able to prevent the
tariff unions contemplated by the Ger
man Republic, short Of going to war,
and this most unlikely.
The British at first seemed TO be
as much worried about the effects of
the German move as the French The
British, however, are practical people.
They see that the economic movement
Of the Germans must be successful and
have consequently decided TO see what
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
-BaehrRch Photo.

American capital have been invested
in the Latin American countries, not
only in the securities Of the several
governments and their political sub
divisions, but also in the development
Of the vast natural resources of the
continent Today North American
capital to the extent of more than six
billions Of dollars is invested In the
republics Of Latin America This flg-
ure represents an increase Of 400 per
cent over the 1914 estimated total of
81 800, 100000 Of American capital in
vested in the whole of Latin America.
But economic intercourse alone is
not SUFFICIENT in the relations between
nations. To bring about that mutuality
Of understanding which is the basis Of
friendly international relations it is in
diSpensable that there should be a
constant current of intellectual and
cultural understanding between the peo-
pies Of the American republics. This
movement is of relatively recent growth.
1t is. however, proceeding with in
creased momentum and as it progresses
and expands 1t should have an increas-
ingly beneficial effect in giving to the
people Of the United States a better
understanding Of the problems and
ideals of the people of Latin America
and, conversely, of bringing to the lat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

not all that could be done If a larger
personnel we're available. But from the
Gulf of Mexico to Niagara, from New
York to San Francisco, the men and
women of the immigration Bureau are
working constantly to enforce intelli-
gently, effectively and humanely the
laws enacted by Congress to protect
America from an alien Hood
In the last fiscal year 1880, the net
population gain of the United States by
immigration was more than 100, 900
people-enough to populate large
city. But more than 20 years before,
in 1907 alone, we admitted nearly
100000 aliens.
Congress very properly, and with the
approval Of the country, has limited the
inflow of aliens. Under President
Hoover, practical action has been taken
in accordance with his wise statement
that Our present problem is to formu
late a method in which a limited num-
Der of immigrants whom We do welcome
shall be adapted to our national settings
and our national needs"
immigration still presents problems
of vast Importance but they are being
solved in accordance with American
ideals, American purposes and American
principles Of right and justice to all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
in LATIN AMERICA
By GASTON NERVAL.

TOR the first time In history Pan
- American day" will be observed
this week throughout the CONT
A nent, President Hoover, by
proclamation, has designated
April IL as Pan American day" and
has called upon the schools. civic asso-
Citations and people Of the United
States generally to observe the day with
appropriate ceremonies. thereby giving
expression TO the spirit of continental
solidarity and to the sentiments of cor
Government and people of the United
States entertain toward the peoples and
governments of the other republics of
the American Continent"
This action was taken pursuant TO a
resolution adopted by the Governing
Board of the Pan-American Union,
composed of the Secretary of State of
the United States and the diplomatic
representatives of the other republics
of America accredited to Washington.
recommending that April Il. the date
on which the Pan-American Union
was originally established, in 1890, be
observed as "Pan-American day by
the nations Of the Western Hemisphere.
Exercises throughout the whole
country will mark this first celebration
Of April IA in the United States. In
Washington President Hoover will at
tend a special meeting of the Governing
Board of the Pan-American Union and
deliver an address on the meaning and
significance of the day. The Secretary
OF State and the Ambassador of Mexico.
dean of the diplomatic corps, also will
speak, and their addresses, as that
Of the Chief Executive, will be broad
cast over a Nation-W radio hook-up,
z GahAnla aVnI 1I,,lzz =
other associations observing the day
may make the speeches in Washington
a part Of their programs.
STUDENTS TO JOIN RITES.
University and public school students
Of Washington will participate in a
ceremony following the meeting of the
Governing Board. They will be ad-
dressed by the Cuban Ambassador, by
a Latin American university student
and by a high school student of the
United States. Immediately after the
exercises tree will be planted on the
grounds of the Pan-American Unicn
to commemorate the hrst observance Of
"Pan-American day."
In the evening a concert of Latin
American music at the Union will be
attended by members of the Diplomatic
Corps, officials Of the Government and
society people, and will be broadcast
over the shortwave system throughout
the hemisphere.
Schools, colleges, women's clubs and
civic associations in other cities are
expected to observe the day with APP
propriate ceremonies. In New York.
Chicago, San Francisco and Los An
geles, the pan-American Society will
participate in the celebration
The other republics of the NeU
World. those of Latin origin, also will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

Director General, Pan American Union.
HY proclamation of the President,
- next Tuesday, April IA, has been
designated 'pan-American day
H. in the United States, and the
schools, civic associations and
people of the United States generally
have been called upon to observe the
day with appropriate ceremonies, there
by giving expression to the spirit of
continental solidarity and to the senti-
ments of cordiality and friendly feeling
which the Government and the people
of the United States entertain toward
the peoples and governments of the
other republics of the American CONT
nent." In proclaiming the day, Presi-
dent Hoover has once more reiterated
his expressed desire for the development
of closer relations between the United
States and the nations of Latin
America.
The action Of the President was
taken pursuant to a resolution of the
Governing Board of the Pan-American
Union, composed Of the Secretary OF
State of the United States and the
ambassadors, ministers and charges d.
affaires Of the other American repub-
lies accredited to the Government at
Washington, recommending that one
day in the year be set aside "as a
commemorative symbol of the sover-
eighty Of the American nations and the
voluntary union Of all in one CONT
mental community" April IA, the date
suggested by the governing board, marks
the anniversary of the organization of
the Pan-Americsn Union at the first
international conference of American
states in 1889
Pan America nism possesses special
significance for the people of the
United States. 1t is most appropriate
that pan-American day should be OBJ
served throughout the country and ad-
vantage taken of the occasion to en-
phasize the importance to us of our
relations with the countries and peo-
piles of Latin America. The Importance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

and spiritual knowledge Of each other
that peoples of different points of view
and different psychology may have
This commerce of the things of the
mind is substantial element in pro-
statesmen of both Americas will find
the only path to pan-Americanism a
regional organization of human society
in a continent where history has not
left hatreds. bitterness and old ami
mositieS among its compohents.
(Copyright, 1872
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-30
LEGAL GDvEKu<EMCT

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-30
Crocodile Devours
IL Year Old Bow

PACHTCA MeLco March 30
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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-30
Livestock & Poultry

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-30
Wife Was
Burglar, Shot, Her

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-30

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