davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
BY d. AMIs.

That terrible scourge of the working
class, unemployment, is most keenly
felt by the masses of Negro workers.
THE percentage of unemployment in
the large industrial centers, in pro-
portion to the population, averages
between Is per cent and 80 1-3 per
cent among the Negroes, according to
AN official statement of the crusader
news agency.
In Cincinnati, the Negro popula-
ltion is one tenth of the total popu-
llation but according to the, figures
Eof the chamber of commerce the
Negroes who are unemployed are one
third of the total number of jobless.
In Chicago, out of half million of
unemployed workers, Is per cent are
Negroes. In the smaller industrial
lcities the rate of unemployment
among Negroes averages 80 l-3 per
cent.
The deepness of unemployment is
best illustrated by the number of evic-
tions which take place in the Negro
Territories. In Baltimore, fifteen evic-
tions of Negro families took place in
Hess than three weeks. However, all
these families were returned to their
homes due to the heroic work of the
Unemployed Councils which gathered
THE workers in the neighborhood to
return the furniture. During the
month of January, over thousand
levictions took place in tn city of
New York, out of which number
were over three hundred Negro fam
lilies.
Another evidence of hard times
land misery suffered by the Negro
workers is the breadlines In the
Negro centers of cities like New York,
Chicago, etc. hundreds of Negro men
land women clog the breadlines daily.
because of the inhuman treatment
received, standing out in the cold for
hours waiting for their measly ra-
tions, showed and bullied by pot
5ellied lackeys of the police depart
ment, the Negro workers in the Har-
lem breadline smashed the head
quarters of the Salvation Army Re-
lief station. This latter bosses insti-
tuition, aside from giving out food
that was fit only for the garbage,
rteated the workers as if they were
savage leopards.
! During the early part of the year,
the twins of Negro family in Brook
llyn died from starvation. These chill
ldren were killed by the bosses who
breed unemployment and continually
lirive the living conditions of the
workers to the lowest level, while
they thmselves live in luxury.
In England, Arkansas, 500 Negro
and white poor farmers marched into
1.-THE town and demanded bread for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
Red Cross Tries to Hide Suffering
of Town and Country Millions

mot that families are getting a
ration which would be looked upon
in normal times as sufficient"
New York Tines.
Force Workers to Slave for Meal"
In the few sections where the Red
Cross is peddling its relief" the
starving workers are fed a hunger
ration that costs the Red Cross the
sum of 3 cents meal--for the actual
ingredients, not counting the graft
and overhead which take up the bulk
of the relief funds of all of these
boss charity takers organizations.
The boss press boasts that the
starving workers and agricultural
laborers and their families are now
getting accustomed to privation:
Zone little tot in the soup line at
the school remarked, I'm getting so
don't mind going without my
supper now" New Orleans Times
Picayune).
Work in Wet Trenches Scantily Clad
For the skrimpy handouts of the
Red Cross, the workers are forced to
slave for the Red Cross or the rich
planters. Most of the. share choppers
are put to work in wet trenches and
cleaning up drainage districts for their
meals" They are forced to work at
least two days week for the Red
Cross, the county or the rich planta-
ton owners. The New Orleans Times
Picayune, in report on conditions in
Arkansas. in which most of the ugli-
est facts are covered up as usual in
capitalistic press reporting on work.
ing-class misery, admits that:
"Somc of these share croppers)
have been reporting for their Red
Cross allotments with shoes worn
through in the sole and clothed
only in shirt and overalIs.'
Thus scantily-clad and without ade-
quate protection against the weather
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
Negro Workers Are Hard Hit By
Unemployment; Must Organize
By RYAN WALKER

their starving families. These poor
farmers live in the Delta region
which could not grow crops because
of the drought. An attempt of a
lawyer plantation owner to quiet these
starved farmers, who had become en-
ragged by their miserable conditions,
was defeated. The poor farmers were
determined to get food for their
families or fight. The small store
keepers called upon the Red Cross,
who doled out $275 of provisions.
In Oklahoma City, the Negro and
white workers, tired of waiting upon
relief that was not coming, smashed
a merchants store and took the food
that they needed.
This severe unemployment crisis
reaches out into every territory,
Negro and white agricultural work
ers have left the farms in large num-
bers. In one month a southern rail-
road company sold, in two counties,
over one hundred and seventy tickets.
Many of these farm laborers do not
have money to buy railroad tickets
and are compelled to beat their way
to the cities. Here they can not find
work and ad to the already large
numbers of unemployed. Large
masses of Negro toilers in the cities
and rural districts are facing starva-
ton But they refuse to starve. They
are organizing and must continue to
organize into fighting groups, de-
manding unemployment insurance
and food from the local and state
governments.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
Influenza Takes Biggest Toll of
Jobless Workers, Survey Shows

other care of patients in the poorer
and richer households which may
have % prevailed and the effect
of such differences upon the fatal
ity of the disease"
OF course, the study merely asks
the question if these are the causes.
The workers know that they are.
In accounting for the higher death
rates among the young children of
the poor, the author suggests:
Among the factors should be
included that of medical and nurs-
ing care, in which respect the poor
were usually at a disadvantage. The
strain upon parents who were
themselves attacked at the same
time as their children must have
been more severe among the poor
than among the well do, particu-
larry in view of the fact that the
families of the poor more frequently
were larger and composed of young
er children than those classed as
economically better off"
The figures presented show that the
number of cases of influenza per
1000 of the population was 60 per
cent higher for the very poor than
for the well-to-do. The number of
deaths, moreover, was over two and
one half times (2.6 tines as high for
the very poor, while the per cent of
those with flu who died was nearly
twice as high for the poor.
We must fight for our very lives!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
Mass Picketing Today
in n ee die NJ ark e t
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE,

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE)
held in the large hall at 1874 Pitkin
Ave, Brooklyn.
General problems in connection
with the strike will be dealt with,
and plans for the gigantic demon
stration to be held on Wednesday at
Lincoln Arena, Broadway and Goth
Street, will be discussed.
At this demonstration on Wednes-
day. workers in every trade and in
dustry in New York will show their
solidarity with the oppressed needle
trades workers who are fighting fer
the elimination of sweat shop con-
ditions and for guaranteed minimum
wages, a 40-hour 5-day week, and
recognition of the Needle Trades
Workers Industrial Union. An over
flow meeting at the Lincoln Arena
win serve to prove to the bosses and
their allies, the ILG.W and the
police, that the workers of New York
are backing the needle trades work.
ers to the limit
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
SOVIET DEFENSE
MEET FEB. 18TH
F.S.U. Warns Bosses
Preparing War

'If the problem Of business de-
preston is not solved now, the
next depression may bring the
downfall of capitalism and the es-
Enlistment of a Soviet system I'm
Western Europe and the United
States"
This was the warning given to mem
bers ofthe National Dry Goods AS
ISOLATION by Professor Malcolm P.
McNair, managing director of the
Bureau of Business Research of Har-
ward University.
The moral for the capitalists is
clear war against the Soviet Union.
The moral for the workers is equal
ly clear: defense of the workers
fatherland against the military at
tack which the capitalists of the
world are preparing.
On Friday evening, Feb. 18th, the
workers OF New York will demon
strate in defense of the Soviet Union
big mass meeting in Central
Opera House. 9th st. near Third
Ave. The meeting will be under the
auspices of ocal New York Friends of
the Soviet Union. The speakers will
be Robert Minor; Richard B. Moore,
Uational Negro Organizer of the IN
ternational Labor Defense; and Lem
Harris, an American newspaperman
who has just returned from the
Soviet Union where he worked in
factories and on collective farms. An
excellent program is also being ar
ranged.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09

CONTINUED ON PAGE FIVE,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
Katherin Cornell in New
Play at Empire Tonite

Katherine Cornell's new vehicle,
1.-THE Barretts of Wimpole St." a
play by Rudolf Besier, will open at
the Empire Theatre thi sevening. In
the cast are Katherine Cornell, Brian
Aherne, Charles Waldron and Mar
garet Barker.
Another play scheduled for this
evening is DIR. X" mystery drama
by Howard w. Comstock and Allen c.
Miller, opening at the Hudson The
atre. Howard Lang, May Vokes and
Florence Shirley are in the cast.
Schwab and Manders musical COM
edy. a satire on Hollywood, "Ameri-
cas- Sweetheart" will be ushered in
at the Broadhurst Theatre on Tues
day evening. Herbert Fields did the
book, Lorenz Hart the lyrics and the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09

and the wet trenches they are forced
to work in and on the plantations.
In some places, the Red Cross CO.
operates with the rich landowners in
the enslavement OF the share crop
pers. Instead of meals" they make
an allowance OF 50 weekly per couple.
plus so cents additional for each
child, up to five children. Those fam
lilies, and there are many, who have
more than five children, are left to
feed the additional children as best
they can. Many share troopers, par
ticularly the Negroes are forced to
work for their landlords (big land
owners) for ST a week, plus 81 from
the Red Cross. For these there is
not even the so cents additional for
each child up to five. Under this
cash allowance, couple having no
children are allowed IA cents day
each. A family Of seven (parents and
five childre,D are allowed "a cents a
day. or 9 cents each day for each
member of the family. A family with
more than five children must feed
each member on less than 8 cents a
day. A family with ten children, for
instance, would have to get along at
6 cents each a day.
Negro and White Workers! Share
Choppers, Tenant Farmers, Poor
Farmers! Fight against this lousy
charity Demand unemployment re-
lief as the right OF the workers who
have created the wealth Of the coun-
try. Refuse to be put on charity
hunger-rations and the soup lines;
Support the struggle of THE Com
munist Part and they revolutionary
trade unions for the Unemployment
Insurance Bill. Support the Hunger
Marches to your State capitals and
the national capital! Join the UNI
employment demonstrations Feb. 10th
and Feb. 18th
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
MONDAY

Brighton Beach Unemployed
Council
calls upon all workers to como to
mass meet at s p. m. at l40 Neptune
Ave. Important preparations for the
Feb. 10th Demonstration at Union
Square will be made.
Tag Day for ii Lavoratore
takes place at a. m. All Italian
comrades and sympathizers are urged
to report at Sol W. 29th st. Cat the
Greek Center).
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09
MINE, MILLLABOR
TO DEMONSTRATE
Prepare in Over Sixty
Industrial Towns;
Fight for Life
BULLETIN.

ton here for the Workers Unem-
ployment Insurance Bill Tuesday
at 10 a. M, in front of the city
hall. The Jersey City demonstra-
ton has been called off.
With demonstrations tomorrow in
support of the Workers Unemploy-
ment Insurance Bill already reported
as arranged in SO cities and. indus
trial towns, reports continue to ar
rive at the last moment of still new
ones, Although no mail is received
by the Daily Worker on Sunday, it
was learned that in addition to those
previously listed, demonstrations and
hunger marches were being prepared
in two new Ohio cities, Canton and
Massilon, and in eight more Penn
sylvania industrial and mining towns.
simultaneously, it was learned that
in most of these cities, the masses
are already talking of still bigger
demonstrations on February 25, In
ternational Fighting Day, and are
looking forward to the report on that
day of the delegates they sent to
Washington to present on February
10 their demand for the passage by
congress of the Workers Unemploy,-
ment Insurance Bill.
CANTON, Ohio, Feb. 8.-Workers
and the vast number of jobless in
this city of 10000 population, work
ing at many industries but large
number OF them, making their living
on wages when they have jobs)
from the steel mills, sheer at the
capitalist press bunk about improv-
ing conditions, They are preparing
to demonstrate at 1890 pm. at the
Court House ON Public Square
Speakers and part of the demon
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09

A special effort will be made this
week to collect the IS dress strike
tax in all shops. The union requests
that all members pay up their back
dues this week and turn in the dress
strike fund lists to the headquarters
All members and organizations which
have not yet been given these lists
are urged to get them at the union
headquarters, 131 w. % st.
A meeting of the Executive Coun-
Gil of the union will be held tonight
at 7:30 in the union headquarters.
Final arrangements for the Lincoln
Arena meeting will be discussed.
At 2 pm today unemployed dress
makers will meet in the union head
quarters. Unemployed tailors will
meet in Manhattan Lyceum, &c E.
4th ST., at noon.
Open air meetings will be held in
the needle trades district today and
tomorrow, and mass picketing will
take place before the seven shops in
which the N. T. w. l. U. has called
strikes.
There will also be meeting to-
night right after work, of dress shop
chairmen in the union headquarters.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-09

music is by Richard Rogers. Jack
Whiting, Jeanne ALBERT and Gus Shy
head the cast.
"She Lived Next to the Firehouse,"
a satirical play on the gay COS by
William A. Grew and Harry Deli, will
open Tuesday at the Longacre The
atre. The leading players include
Victor Moore, Fiske O'Hara, Ara Ger
aid and William Frawley.
Frank Merlin's new opus Hobo" is
booked for the Morosco Theatre on
Wednesday night. Paul Kelly has the
leading role.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-12-11
A Suggestion for Visiting DIPLOMATS

We have been fortunate and honored in the visits
OF eminent foreign statesmen and diplomats in re-
cent months All ostensibly have been eager to con-
vince us OF their earnest devotion to the cause of
world peace and good will among nations
Almost without exception, they have visited the
tomb of the Unknown Soldier to lay wreath This
visit uniformly has been given prominent place in the
rotogravure sections of the Sunday papers.
1t certainly is commendable for these eminent
foreign visitors to do this But they would do more
to convince us of their conservation to the cause of
peace if they to do similar honor to those Amer
leans who have given all part of their lives to
promoting pacific relations among men.
So it may be suggested that our distinguished for
eign visitors go to the tobS of William Ladd Elihu
Burnett, Edwin CHM and Andrew Carnegie, deposit
a wreath and stand at reverent attention for few
seconds. Or let them make a pilgrimage to Lake
Mohonk.
The same advice may be extended to official Amer
lean visitors abroad. When they go to France, for
example, after they have stood at attention before
the tomb of Napoleon, let them seek out the resting
places of the Able de st. Pierre, voltaire and Jean
Jaures.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-12-11
A Warming to Japan

Secretary Stimson's statement on the Manchu-
ran crisis is the strongest he has made since Japan
violated the treaties on Sept. Is. In putting the
united States behind the league councils resolu-
ton OF Thursday, he says in effect that this gov
eminent will hold Japan responsible for any further
war move and will refuse to recognize any settlement
forced on China by military might
We wish Stn1son had spelled out for the benefit
OF the japanese mlitarists what the japanese dipo
mats will read between the lines of his statement
He implies that American patience will end If the
japanese army any closer to the great wall of
China.
The japanese should understand by this time that
the state department policy is subject to American
public opinion, which has partisan interest in the
Manchuria quarrel as such, but which has chal-
longing interest in preservation of the two violated
American treaties
Under no circumstances will American nllh1ic
opinion overlook continued violation of the KELLOGG
and nine-power treaties. Mere cessation of bostili
ties which leaves Japanese troops or disguised Japa
nese governments in control of Manchuria will not
meet the requirements of the treaties
If Japan is misled by the past inaction Of the
United States into believing that she can break her
withdrawal pledge made Thursday to the league-as
she has broken earlier pledges to retreat within the
treaty area-she will make grave mistake. For
American and world opinion is much more impatient
now than when the state department last month
withheld its support Of the leagues time ultimatrIm
1t is true that the leagues resolution of Thursday
is weak 1t fixed no demiitarized zone It left loop
mole Tor so-called chasing by Japan. Under pres
sure the council robbed the neutral commission of
all powers except mere Observation-Disclosures Stimsons
mistaken Interpretation that it has powers of con-
Citation.
The league thus has gone out of it's way to save
Japan's face
But if Japan takes unfair advantage of this
she will provoke world protest that will force i'm
mediate and effective joint intervention by the league
and the United States.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-12-11
The Utility Conference

The conference next week between city ofncIals
committee of citizens from the south side civic clubs
and representatives of the local light and power
pany will determine much than the rates to be
paid FOR electricity.
The attitude of the utility magnates and the public
service commissioner, who suggested rates by agree
ment, will demonstrate to the people whether they
are dealing with those who want to be fair must
adopt drastic methods to obtain justice
The idea of peaceful settlement from pub
lie official whose duty it is to protect the public 1t
brings doubt as to the value of the office he
holds, nasmuch the conference is for the avowed
purpose of eliminating delays and costly appraisals Of
plants.
That may mean that the present system Of
troll must be abandoned for some ether method if the
public service commission is SO hampered in its me-
crancs as to offer no relief to people oppressed by
utility greedS.
The suggestion that there will be long delays and
great cost implies that this situation has been
reached
Of course the utilities charge this if they dem
onstrate willingness to deal fairly.
T. The business methods Of the holding companies
should be abandoned If COAL for instance, pur
chased at prices paid by other industries saving of
several hundreds Of thousands of dollars year could
be made and passed along to the consumers
If the utilities fail to make an offer of decent and
considerable cut in schedules for both domestic and
power users there is but to follow
Justice demands decrease, and an immediate de-
Public sentiment must force quick action De-
lays not necessary If public officials do not permit
delays.
Unless the utilities want the present conditions of
utility control completely exposed to public view they
should take steps to grant concessions at the present
time that will satisfy the public of their willingness
to be at least half-fair
The people are in mood to listen to bubbles of
political lawyers and lobbyists sent to confuse issues
and furnish alibis for public officials.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-12-11
Dig In the Mooney Report

Buried in the vaults of the White House is an I'M
published report the Mooney-B Billings trials in
California. It prepared at considerable time and
expense by subcommittee of the late Wickersham
commission on "lawlessness in law enforcement" It
is an essential part of the work of the commissions
experts Dr. zechariah Chafee Walter H Pollak and
Carl S. Stern.
1t was suppressed by the Wckersham commission
and President Hoover.
Congress now should demand that report.
We do not know whether this suppressed report
favors the pardon of Tom Mooney and Warren Bill
ings or not In either case the people should know
the truth The commission spoke of the "impro-
prety in discussion of the case"
1t did express outraged feelings over the Cali
forna law that rorbids its courts to reopen case,
after perjured testimony is discovered. These
comments are beside the point.
The commissions experts, working in the belief
that these trials represent the nations outstanding
examples of legal anarchy investigated and recorded
the facts of the trials.
Congress has a right to know these facts
Not only technically, but morally, this report be-
longs to the public. The integrity of the law has
been challenged.
California is charged with holding two men in
prison the lies of self-confessed perjurers. JUS
tice has been dragged for fifteen years through the
dust of passion and prejudice. Men like President
Wilson'S commissioners, Justice Langdon of the Cali
fornia supreme court Judge Griffin, MONEYS trial
Judge all the living Mooney jurors; the present San
Francisco district attorney and its chief OF detec-
tives mayors governors senators, labor leaders, min
listers lawyers teachers editors, thousands of plain
people from all over the country, have challenged
this Injustice.
Congress should demand this report of the official
government investigators.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-12-11
The Value of Securities
starving.

Intelligent action has been taken by the national
convention OF state insurance commissioners on the
important question of valuation of securities carried
as assets by insurance companies. They have voted
with proper reservations to average valuation
instead of the market rate on Dec. 81 1881.
The idea was to find fairer valuation than that
represented by the present abnormal market depressed
nv forced sales There is nothing dangerous
about this principle, which has been adopted in
similar abnormal periods by the convention Of COM
missioners.
It is the same principle which moves banks and
insurance companies to carry real estate mortgages
at fair valuation, instead of at temporary market
discount.
AS far back as 1907 the attorney general of New
york ruled that the law regulating valuation by the
state insurance department did not require evaua-
ton based on market prices of any given date, but
rather fair market value ascertained if necessary,
by averaging the range period not too remote.
Following this method, the convention of insur
ance commissioners, meeting in New York city this
week, passed the resolution proposed by George S.