davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10

and university. The normal schools
Of this state have been four-year in
stitutions since 1920 and are accorded
the rank of higher educational insti-
buttons.
The chief item to be taken into ac-
count in passing judgment upon the
standing of state with respect to
teachers is the minimum requirement;
set up for teaching certificate. Only
a few years ago the minimum require
ment for teachers in the state of Wash
ington was twelve weeks of prepara-
ton. This requirement was raised to-
one year. In 1926 the minimum re-
quirement was raised to two years and
now we are in the midst Of raising
the minimum preparation to three
years for teachers of the elementary
school in city and country. At the
same time the minimum requirement
for high-school teachers is being raised
from four years to five years of COL
lege or university work.
BY raising the minimum require
ments for teachers the state of Wash
ington is in line with the trend THRU
out the United States. It should be
a source of pride to all citizens in
Washington that as state we are
in the front line of progress with re-
spect to teacher training standards.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
Proper Ration Determining
Factor in Egg Hatch

About one-third of the fertile eggs
incubated in the United States each
year fail to hatch. Inherited weak
ness, poor conditions of incubation, and
faulty diet of the breeders are the
principal causes of these losses, says
the U. S. Department Of Agriculture.
The breeders in the poultry flock
should get plenty of protein, in both
vegetable and animal form; cod-liver
oil or plenty of direct sunlight; lime,
and some source of -coloring matter
such as yellow corn or green feed.
Animal protein is much better than
vegetable protein for producing eggs
of high hatchability. Many hens when
fed only vegetable proteins produce
eggs which, though fertile, fail to hatch
we'll.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10

the steaming cup until Venice, in
the 18th century, approved 1T.
Then the student body of Oxford
began to drink it, and the col
legiate enthusiasm spread to Lon
don where coffee-houses quickly
sprang up. AS early az 1868 the
burghers of New York set down
their stems, and the danes their
tea cups, to taste this new brew.
So much for the rise of coffee
to social security. The great
problem, since it has won uni
versal acclaim and is as much in
demand on quick-lunch counter
as on the statesmen's banquet
table, has been to provide the best
possible coffee. Coffee dealers
are confronted with the problem
of the best selection, blending,
roasting and grinding. House
wives have the problem Of pre-
serving the flavor of coffee, and
of preparing it in the most salts
factory manner.
The Introduction OF vacuum
packed coffee, 1t is true, has prac-
tically solved the problem Of the
housewife as far as retaining its
flavor and aroma Is concerned,
because the modern vacuum
packed coffee Is as fresh when
the can is opened as the moment
when it was roasted and ground.
There is an interesting reason
why this Is true.
When freshly roasted and
ground coffee Is exposed to
oxygen it begins to discharge its
flavor and aroma into the atmos-
phere. Nothing but a hermeti-
cally sealed container will keep
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
Ideal Gift
For the Boy

What glorious adventures boys be-
tween the ages of ten and twenty have
reading THE AMERICAN Boy
YOUTHS COMPANION! AS if by
magic, this well-known magazine car
ries boys to distant parts of the world,
introduces them to strange people, lets
revel in the adventures of foreign
lands.
In single issue, a boy will battle
the frozen Northlands with sled and
dog team, cross Indian-haunted plains
in a prairie schooner, zoom over war
torn lands in an army plane or on
dangerous routes with a u. S. mail
pilot, hunt wild animals in Africa
atop the swaying back of an elephant,
go cruising in a battleship, fight Arabs
raiders with the Foreign Legion and
participate in many other thrilling ex-
periences that come to readers of THE
AMERICAN BOY-YOUTHS CON-
PANION.
It is such experiences as these that
sharpen boys wits, kindle his mag
nation, strengthen his character,
develop his understanding Of the world
in which he lives and of the people
that inhabit it. Here, indeed, is the
ideal gift for that boy in whom you
are interested-that son, nephew, cou-
sin, neighbor, or perhaps, the son of
business associate. An attractive gift
card bearing your name will be sent
to the boy if you request it with your
order. Then every time the mailman
brings the magazine to his door, the
boy will think of you gratefully.
Subscription prices are only $500 for
one year and $500 for three years.
Mail your order direct to THE AMERI-
lCAN BOY-YCUTH'S COMPANION,
$50 w. Lafayette Blvd, Detroit, Mich
igan. Service on your subscription will
start with whichever issue you specify
paid ADVERTISEMENT
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
The Modern School
TEACHER TRAINING STANDARDS
BY G. HI. Fisher
President, Bellingham State Normal

It used to be said that teachers were
born and not made. Such a state
ment may have been accepted years
ago in a simple agricultural life but
it cannot be accepted in the complex
life of today. We cannot make high
grade teachers out of students of or
binary or less than ordinary qualities
of mind and heart. At the present
time we have an over-supply of teach
ers holding certificates giving them the
right to teach if schools will employ
them. But there is not today and
never has been an over-supply of high
grade teachers. @
A better selection of young people
to be prepared for teaching must be
made on the basis of capable minds,
sound physical and mental health, de-
sirable qualities of personality, and
promise of growth while teaching. The
institutions that prepare teachers must
spend more time on fewer students
that have been carefully selected. Sc
lection of students for teacher prepar
alton has become of high Importance
for the reason that there is so much
at stake in the lives of boys and girls
and in the welfare of the state and
the nation.
The demands of modern schools
upon teachers is varied and many
sided. Teachers of today must have
breadth of knowledge in many SUBJ
! jects, they must understand the trends
of contemporary civilizations, they
must have acquired an understanding
of education that fits our needs, and
they must have an intimate knowledge
of the nature and development of chill
! dren. We used merely to train stu
dents so that they could repeat with
children snaattering of knowledge
and a few mechanical devices of
teaching.
| Normal schools used to be largely
training schools and glorified high
schools. Today normal schools are edu
cational institutions with college rating
because they give students founda-
| ton of liberal education and a pre-
paration in the technicalities of teach
ing. A student who goes to a normal
school today in the state of Washing
ton need not feel sorry for himself
supposing that he is going to an in
ferior school compared with a college
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10

OVER a simple cup OF coffee,
" literature has been conceived,
politics have been calculated, and
history has been made. At
The Hague, Marseilles, Hamburg,
Vienna, Paris, and New York, cot
fee houses are among the most
famous historical spots in the
city.
When you stir your coffee, on
a cold winter day in that mel
low mood that comes with the
close of hearty dinner and the
anticipation of coffee made real
by it's friendly aroma, you can
we'll understand how big things
have been done over small cups
of coffee. Yet before the 18th
century, the English-speaking
world had never tasted this bev-
erage.
Came from Africa
Facts about the early history
of the fragrant bean are pretty
hard to disentangle from romance
and tradition which have clouded
its real origin. But we do know
that the civilized world must
thank Africa for the coffee bean.
The early Abyssinians not only
drank 1t as a beverage but they
also ate 1t as a food. They
nodded the pulverized, roasted
beans with some sort Of grease
and formed 1t into balls which
warriors carried with them on
short forays.
BY the fifteenth century the use
of coffee was widespread through
out Southern Arabia, and it was
shipped through the port of
Mocha. But Europe never tasted
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
spEc1AL-DEL1vERY SERVICE

of stamp will delivery on Christ
expeditions handling Of parcels practicable
denomination its
written
immediate
mailed by stamps
be or
MATTER NOT AVAILABLE PARCEL-POST RATES
ncosed
with the address fully prepaid
outside
teyefon and
the parcel
REGISTER VALUABLE MAIL
exceeding
$780, 10 exceeding exceeding $780,
Ocents exceeding $500,
articles
cred D. postmaster indemnity
10 registered man0
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10

1t in. But, unless the air Is
drawn out and a vacuum created
in the Theoretically sealed con-
tainer, there is no place for this
gas, which forms the flavor and
aroma, to go. The vacuum will
take care Of the pressure of from
Is to Is pounds per square inch
which will develop in from nine
to twelve days, depending on the
color of the roast. Fifty per cent
of the gas leaves the coffee in the
first ten hours. So coffee freshly
roasted and ground and immedi-
ately packed in vacuum, which
means alright packing, retains
the flavor and aroma which would
otherwise be discharged into the
air.
As You Like II
AS for the methods of prepar-
ing coffee, there is wide diver
sity. Cafe au lait, meaning cot
fee with milk, is strong coffee
served with boiling milk, from
one quarter to half Of coffee and
the cup then filled with the milk.
Cafe noir, or after-dinner coffee,
requires a goodly amount of cot
fee and 1t must be percolated I'M
til the liquid is black. A demi.
tasse means literally only half
cup Of coffee, but 1t Is often used
to denote after-dinner coffee in
general. Cafe a la creme Is simple
cafe noir to which plain or whip
ped cream Is added. Vienna COT
fee is prepared In special urn
which allows the steam to pass
and repass through finely pull
verified coffee. 1t is usually
served with whipped cream
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
WE'RE NEARLY THERE

For the first time since the receivership sale last
February it begins to look like definite progress
is to be made in the rehabilitation Of the irrigation
project.
Obstruction litigation instituted after the sale
by small group Of the landowners opposed to the
plans of the irrigation district slowed up progress
but accomplished absolutely nothing but expense
for those responsible for the several court actions
The magnificent endorsement given the district
board by their unanimous reelection Tuesday will
have powerful influence on those who are to do
the financing and any else having business
dealings with the district
If it should be proven that the appellants are
in default in their Supreme Court appeal by their
failure to complete the appeal within the 80 day
limit the only steps necessary to clear the decks
will be the dismissal of the appeal.
This will make it possible to secure the neces-
sary finances to develop and improve the project
The weather, and the time necessary to bring
about the appeal dismissal, will be determining
factors in how much OF this improvement work
can be done before the beginning of another irri-
cation season.
AS soon as the finances are secured the district
acquire title to the project which will mean
that the receivership will be terminated
When the heathiest girl and boy in the country
posed for their pictures after receiving the coveted
Ali award, they insisted that their favorte food
be represented. Their selection will interest
farmers of the valley They took into the picture
apples glasses of milk and heads of cabbage If the
power of suggestion means anything, other aspir-
ing youngsters will give more attention to these
essential, healthful foods. Yakima Herald
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
Uncle Sans Instructions
For Christmas Mailing

Post offices the
your mail greatly aD w ps' once anu insure w pfps 'An0ns Of
Mail BEFORE Christmas which
WRAPPING
All packed
sufficiently
hats ssas' s
corrugated cardboard Wrap with
ga pp ro m hssz pon Of wood m heavy
gasa ne Wra s with outside gs s s ntsie
paintings TED etc. Pack Or wrap strong material
sss in o @ must have points and
@ % % sp @ ao e e s
the wrapping.
FRAGILE ARTICLES
a'6 ss ] ss
fragile packed 50 as prevent the escape
cpgars Ordinary Boxes Of cigars paper only
pa sf ss good
ALI articles easily broken damaged must be plainly marked
PERIsHABLE
articles shall marked and
packed TN @ aceordg and deary VIII mo
expedite delivery
ADDRESSES
plainly written in ink re-
's @ ss t.
%a ae the for us tag 0 ana copy 'ne "0's ~ ' s'
pas @ FL pi
the parcel post or stamp window
LIMIT OF WEIGHT
length and gh combined
pounds n
holiday time svoun Of mail increases approximately 200
5 sbn few ha a this ssa %
oP h dp NAIL e po 0y Your ohsm
a1s ea % ss y0 week ] s ] @ eo s
This will not only make certain that they received or or
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1931-12-10
THE STEAMING CUP
eyes,"
-PoPE.

"Cofee! aohich makes the politician aOise,
And see thro' all things aodth halt-cloSed eyes.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
National Officer of Order to
Attend Meeting of
Aerie Here.

Wallace j. Dillingham; of War
saw, deputy national auditor of the
Fraternal Order of Eagles, will at
tend tonight's meeting of Indian
apolis aerie when plans for an in
ttiation Monday, March %, will be
completed. Bert Duke is member
ship campaign chairman, assisted
by Fred Snyder.
j. Pierce Cummings, president,
announces that in advancing the
campaign all OF the 1900 members
Of the aerie will be canvassed to
form an organization to cover the
entire city. An entertainment pro-
gram, arranged by the trustees,
Duke, Richard Berry and Frank H.
Rhees, will be given in connection
with the initiation.
A series Of Saturday night dances
and card parties for the benefit of
the aerie drill team will be con-
tinued indefinitely, according to
Herman Teepe, who with the trus-
tees, is in charge of this activity. A
change of orchestras has been ar
ranged for this weeks dance.
Under the direction OF Wilbur H.
Miller, secretary, the team is prac-
ticing weekly, in preparation for
entering contest which will be
held in connection with the 1881
national convention. The team is
one of the two in the nation which
has won first place three consecu-
tive times in national competition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
PYTHIANS WILL
HOLD MEMBER
DRIVE IN STATE
Twenty-Seven Sessions Are
Scheduled for Month
of March.

Twenty-seven district sessions are
scheduled to occupy attention of
Knights Of Pythias Of this state dur
ing March.
The meetings, arranged by DR..
Colin V. Dunbar, Indianapolis, grand
chancellor, and Carl r. Mitchell,
indianapolis, grand keeper of rec
ords and seal, will start with a meet
ing at Montpelier, Ninth district,
Tuesday night.
Lodges in each district will re-
cruit candidates for classes to re-
ceive degrees. at the sessions, which
will be conducted similarly to dis
trict meetings held a year ago.
Other district meetings for this
week will include meetings at Buck
Creek, Twelfth district, Wednesday
night Milroy, Monday. March 9, Six
tenth district. The complete list Of
March meetings follows:
Third district. Elkhart. March 10: Twen-
ty-Second district. French Lick. March Il:
Sixth district. Kokomo. March IL: FIRST
district. Auburn. March IL: Twenty-frst
district. worthinston. March IL: Eleventh
district. westfeld. March Is: Fifth district,
Medaryville. March 10: Second district,
Syracuse, March 10: Eighteenth district,
Madison. March %: Tenth district. New
Castle. March "a: Twentieth district. Para
gon. March as; Twenty-seventh district.
Terre Haute. March &c: Eighth district.
Decatur. March 26: Twenty-fourth district.
Midtown. March 81; Twenty-fifth district.
Tell City. April l: Thirteenth district. Gin
ton. April 1: Twenty district. Win
slow. April 2: Seventeenth district. Liberty.
March 8: Fourteenth district. Plainf1eld.
March 8: Fourth district. Gary. March 8;
Twenty third district. Campbellsburg.
March 8: Nineteenth district. Columbus,
March 10: Seventh district. Jonesboro.
March 16: Fifteenth district, Franklin.
March II.
, A number Of other meetings are
reported for the early part of
March. Mitchell will give a lee
ture and show pictures of the La
fayette Pythian home, before
Pythians in Scottsburg tonight. w.
A. Williams, deputy, will preside.
A public concert by the Pythian
home orphans band will be given
at Covington Friday night under
of Tidal lodge No. Sc. w. B. |
Gray, superintendent Of the home |
and former resident of Covington, is |
expected to accompany the band,
which will be directed by L. B. Ell |
more.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
COL UMBUS MAY.
HAVE new HALL
MaSons Consider Building
on Present Site.
BIZ Tim es SpeciaI

By Times Special
COLUMBUS, March 2.-Plans for
building new Masonic temple on
the present site are being considered
by st. Johns lodge Of this city.
The lodge has named building
committee to work with lodge trus-
tees in formulating plans for con-
struction. This joint committee will
report the last Tuesday in March
when final decision on the matter
will be taken.
If approved, a contract for razing
the present building and erection
Of q three story modern structure
will be awarded. The present build
ing was erected in 1884, prior to
which Masons as far back as 1865
rented lodge rooms on the same
site.
Members Of the building commit
tee are G. L. Reeves, chairman;
William P. Keller and Albert w.
Phillips. They are working with
the following trustees: w. F. Ken
dali, Donald P. Shinn, J. R. Ever
road and William Clark.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
DINNER WILL HONOR
SERVICE TO LODGE
EngIeWood MaSOnS Plan
Entertainment for
First Master.

In honor Of his fifty years service
as a Mason, officers and members
of Englewood lodge No. tbs, Free
and Accepted MaSons, will give a
banquet for John E. BayleSs, a fell
low member, Saturday night at the
lodge hall, 2716 East Washington
street.
BayIess, who was master of New
point lodge No. 255 for eight con-
secutive years, joined the order in
1881 while teaching school in south
ern Indiana.
He AFFILIATED himself with Masonic
work upon coming to indianapolis
and helped organize Englewood
lodge in 1920, serving as the first
master.
Following opening Of the lodge
at 5 p. m. Saturday, dinner will
be served at $50 by ladies of the
Eastern Star. The Master Mason
degree will be conferred by the lodge
following the dinner. Robert L. Treon,
worshipful master, will preside, as
sisted by the following officers:
Roy w. Alfred. senior warden; Ben
jamin F. Blake, junior warden; Chester
Ward; secrecsSs5y; Donald f. Christie.
deacon; Charles F. Baier. Junior, deacon:
William P. Hargon. senior steward Bryon
S. Cole, junior steward: lie Roy Caldwell.
tyler. and Virgil w. Hamilton, chaplain.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
M, ", A, WORK
WILL Be GIVEN
Ladies' Club to Entertain
All City Members. :.

Degree work will be conferred by
the Ladies Club Camp of Marion
Camp No. 1858, Modern woodmen
of America, at the Woodmen hall,
322 East New York street, Tuesday
night.
All members Of lady camps in the
city have been invited to the meet
ing at which a large class will be
initiated.
Marion camp will hold it's month
ly meeting and card party at the
hall Tuesday night, March 10. This
party is open to the public, j. Ray
mond Trout, district deputy, has an
nounced.
Entertainment for members and
friends of Fortville Camp No. 7137
of Fortville, at their hall April 4, is
being arranged.
Several visitors from neighboring
Woodmen lodges attended a social
given by the Fortville camp Feb. 10.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
PICK OLDER HUDDIES
Young Girls Pass Up Boys
of Own Age.
Bv United Press

By United Press
LONDON, March 2.--London flap
pers "like 'em older" for marriage
purposes, at least. Figures from the
marriage bureaus show that out of
500 brides under 81, the ma ority
picked boys of from 81 to % as life
partners; one girl of II married a
man of "a, however, and one girl
Of IS became the bride of a man of
70.
Romance apparently is flourish
ing among England's younger
women. An average of slightly less
than one bride in six last year was
under 81. And the fact that they
very often choose their husbands
from those older than themselves
is attributed to the increased earn
ing power Of the men.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
'CARERET IN CHURCH
Chorus Sings Jazzy Tunes
to British Flock.

B. NEA Service
LONDON, March 2.-On Sundays,
the Cabaret Girls" of the Rev. H.
G. Wilks' church at Upperthong,
Holmfirth, HudderSfleld, sing Brief
Life Is Our Portion"
On Monday and several other
week days they are decked out in
chorus costumes and sing Happy
Days Are Here Again" and other
jazzy numbers to the assembled
congregation.
Mr.. Wilks has organized the cho-
rus for his church, because "the
average church social is about as
thrilling as the final demand note
for income tax" he gives as his rea-
son.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
Justice, LaWIeSSneSs Rank
Next in National
Survey.

Prohibition was voted the para
mount problem of the United
States in a preferential poll taken
by the National Economic League
in January.
Prohibition, with 1871 votes,
closely followed by administration of
justice, with l,75O; lawlessness and
diSreSpect for law, 1914; unemploy-
ment, economic sterilization, 1884:
law enforcement, 1889, and crime,
1914.
Among other problems and their
votes were: World court 1,106; tax
alton, 966; world peace, 879; eff
cient democratic government, 7O8;
agriculture, farm relief, 694; politi-
cal corruption, CAT; tariff, 624; re-
consideration of war debts, 555:
government in business, 529; inter
national economic relations, $40;
foreign trade policy, 464.
Farther down the line were arm
ament reduction, 1862; Socialism and
Communism, 400; League of Ma
tons, 456; education, S91; child
welfare, 1856; individual liberty, S62.
and old age pensions and insurance,
$50.
Despite growing motor traffic
problems, this subject received only
SS2 votes. Marriage and divorce
only polled 1877 votes. Among In
diana members of the national
council are:
George AIDE. Frederic NJ. Ayres. VII
fam H. Book, Arthur v. Brown. Harry
c. canheld. F. S. Cannon. solon J. Car
ter. Charles W. Chase. Dean Stanley Coul-
ter OF Purdue university. Joseph j. Dam
iels. Herry L. Dithmer, the Rev. ]. Am
brose Dunkel, O. A. Efroymson. Louis B.
Ewbank. J. W. Fesler. Robert NJ Feustal,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-02
HOLD Benefit PARTY
0. {. S. to Collect Food for
Needy Persons.

Food stuffs for distribution to
needy persons by charitable organ
izations will be collected by the
Nettie Ransford chapter, No. 464,
Order of Eastern Star, at a bene-
fit card party in Prather temple,
Forty second street and college
avenue, Thursday night.
Admission is to be by foodstuffs,
each guest bringing the equivalent
Of so cents. No reservations will be
made and the public is invited tc
attend, accord to Mrs. Helen Wise,
worthy matron of the chapter.
The party is under direction of
Mrs. Laura Belle Green, entertain
ment committee chairman. Pro-
ceeds from sale of candy also will
go to the charity.