davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
Luxurious Sea Villa
OF Nero Unearthed

Never before have diggings been IN
dertaken in Italy with such intense
rhythm as today. Pompeu, Cuma,
Capri, Carpena and Ostia are under
going the painful experiments Of one
champion lady diviner in the person of
Signorina Mataloni, while Rome con-
tinues TO yield that usual supply of ar
theological finds with which she so gen.
erously endows the Fascist era. Now
Anzio, seashore town on the coast south
OF Rome, not to be outdone, follows the
general trend, and it is reported that
remains of a house belonging to the
villa Of Nero have come to light during
excavations near the lighthouse La
Tribuna of Rome describes the building
as a luxurious dwelling house, the older
portions of which are ascribed by the
authorities to the republican epoch.
Belief that this house was Nero's sea-
side villa is maintained by experts be-
cause of the peculiar structure of the
walls, belonging to the Neronian period,
the fourth century AID. Remains of
rich interior decoration composed of
columns, marble panels and splendid
mosaic pavementS were found during
excavations made to the left of the
lighthouse, and this other Roman con-
struction is thought to have been
public building. Mosaics described as
Of great value and striking effect, dat
ing from imperial times, perhaps to the
flrst century AID, came to light when
small walled-up room, followed out
Of the rock in the ground of what was
previously known as the Villa Sarsina,
was recently discovered One of these
mosaics located in a niche of this room
shows an image of Hercules seated on
a rock crowned with ivy. In his right
hand he holds his club and in his left
a cup. On the left Of his figure is a
beautiful modelled winged genius and on
the right boar about TO be sacrificed.
The outline of the niche is decorated
with seashells Of uniform size, perfectly
arranged, and the mosaicS are all of
different colors and styles. Traces of
pictures in mosaic of a sea monster and
web-footed figure easily can be
detected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
Italians Seek Speed
Of E Miles a Minute

A speed of 373 miles per hour, or
more than miles a minute, is the
goal of italian technicians in prepar.
ing Italy's three entries for the next
Schneider Cup race with France and
England. To realize this record the
Italians have prepared three new
planes, including one Fiat in the style
Of the CR-29, one Savoia- Marchetti and
one mystery Ship designed by Gen.
Crocco of the technical section of the
Royal Italian Flying Corps. The lat
ter is reported to be equipped with an
18-cylinder radial engine. Because of
the high wind resistance offered by
such types Of engine they have not
been used in racing planes 4. recent
years, but the Italians seem to neye
something UP their sleeves In the wa7
Of technical -efinements which NAV
overcome this handicap All of Italyis
former Schneider Cup models, including
the "huSh hush" plane, which was not
ready in time for the 1929 race, have
been discarded in favor Of the three
new types. This same policy has been
used in selecting pilots for the next
races, 1t being Itaiy's idea to develop
new speed pilots rather than to depend
upon the aces of former years. These
latter are being used to train the f1ed9-
hngs, but they will have to rewin their
pilots posts in competition with the
youngsters just before the time Of the
races. Candidates for the posts have
already been selected and are now be-
ing given tryouts at Italy'S speed train
ing grounds at DesenZano, on Lake
Garda, in Northern Italy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
Black Shirt Troops
Attain Efficiency

Black Shirt militiamen, on permanent
duty in Italy during the last year, again
showed their ability as policemen by
arresting large number Of law viola
tors and collecting far more than
enough in fines to pay their way. These
militiamen, whose numbers are far less
than Is commonly thought, guard ports,
post Offices, forest districts, highways
and railways. The port militia, consist
ing of 43 officers and 357 Black Shirts,
during the course of the year arrested
lat political criminals and 1899 others
guilty of minor offenses. There were
300 searches and 1885 fines imposed.
The highway militia, with 81 officers
and 1862 Black Shirts, collected 94,463
fines amounting to 2,161 900 lire. The
post Office militia, consisting of 80 off,
GERS and 1872 Black Shirts, arrested SAB
people and collected fines amounting to
3,l06,851 lire. The forest militia con-
fined its efforts to the reforestation of
barren tracts Of land. The railway
militia, which is known best of all to
foreign visitors, made 1925 police OPP
erations and collected 1880 fines
amounting to 1,376,747 lire. Many of
the Black Shirts in these services are
men who served in the march on Rome.
They are far different in appearance
and in function from the youngsters
who now make up the bulk of the
militia and are, practically speaking, no
more than police The Black Shirts who
serve only few days each year are
now largely young, bright looking stu
dents who like the thrill of the business
and have some idea of what Fascism
is. The special militia contains men
OF tougher variety who know little
about Fascism except that Mussolini Is
the sIoig chiefs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
independence Now
Sought by Iceland

THE majority of Icelanders want
separation from Denmark and the in:
PRODUCTION of a republic" declares
Baldwinsson, leader of the Socialists in
Iceland's Parliament When Denmark
agreed to acknowledge Iceland as an
independent state the conditions were
that Denmark's King was also to be
the sovereign head of Iceland, that
Danish diplomacy should act on behalf
Of Iceland and that 10 change of the
status could take place before 1913.
Mr.. BaldwinSson says that his party
favors revision of those conditions as
soon as possible and that the Socialist
party should formulate definite claim
for Iceland's absolute independence
during this coming Summer. His state
ment that the majority in Iceland are
in favor of independence can hardly
be substantiated, as the other political
parties there have not even discussed
the question. Nevertheless, the state
ment is indicative of tradition that
always has been deeply respected in
Iceland. Iceland became a monarchy
only after the island was given to Dem
mark following the Napoleonic wars.
But If the majority of the Icelanders
really want freedom, as Mr.. Baldwins-
son states, the Socialistic party now in
power in Denmark is not absolutely an
tagonistic toward revision of the agree
ment between the two countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
BY HENRY w. BUM.

TINE following Is a brief summary
of the most important news Of
the world for the seven days
ended March IA, 1881:
BRITISH EMPRESS it seems that
there really is a new party" on the
basis of Sir Oswald Mosley's latest man
ifesto That gentleman has been for
mally read out" of the Labor Party,
the National Executive Committee OF
the party unanimously resolving that
"by his act of gross disloyalty Sir Os-
valid ceases under the constitution to be
member of the Labor Party The
new party now has five members in the
Commons, namely: Sir Oswald, Lady
Cynthia Mosley, his wife; DR.. Robt
Forgan, John Stloe Strachey, son OF a
famous father, and w. E. D. Allen. All
were LaboriteS except Mr.. Allen, who
was a Conservative. Lady Cynthia, 1t
will be remembered, is daughter Of Lord
CurZon, conservative Of the Conserva-
tives, a deservedly famous Viceroy OF
India and no mean writer, and grand
daughter, through her mother of Levi
Letter of Chicago. Lord Curzon's vice.
regal prestige was in no small measure
due to the singular charm Of his Amer
lean Vicerine.
BY the death of his brother, Ber-
trand Russell, the philosopher, mathe-
matician and writer, has succeeded at
the age of So to the title of Earl Rus
sell. The late earl was man OF some
note. He was one of the original Fa-
bian Socialists and at. the time OF his
decease was parliamentary undersecre-
try for India Lord John Russell, the
famous prime minister, was his grand
father. He was somewhat eclectic or
changeful in the matter of religion, be-
ing reputed at one time or another high
churchman, agnostic and Buddhist. He
leaves a widow, namely, the author OF
that charming book "Elizaoeth ana her
German Garden"
The Federal Structure Committee OF
the Round Table Conference on India
is soon to resume work in London, and
the India members of the commit
tee have been asked to return To
London, and the Indian Nationalist
Congress has been invited to send addl-
tional new members, including, II pos
sible Mahatma Gandhi himself
The die-hards, the bitter-enders, OF
the Conservative party, in particular
MIR. Winston Churchill and LORD Bea-
yerbrook. tried to bully Stanley Bald
win into repudiating his pledge OF CO.
operation toward giving erect 10 the
! resolutions of the Round Table Con-
ference on India, and to commit the
party to an attitude of hostility to the
policy expressed in those resolutions
but in the course of a great debate IN
the Commons on March IL, Mr.. Bald
win rounded upon these gentlemen
After praising Lord Irwin and declar-
| ing that he had not surrendered to his
Right Honorable Friend" SMr
Churchill) as the press had intimated
he said: IT shall assist in carrying out
that policy as long as I am here.
shall do It not in a niggardly spirit, but
with every effort to overcome the ire
mendouS difficulties facing us. But Il
there be those in our party who would
approach this subject IN q nagghng
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
The Story the Week Has Told

at Beira in Portuguese East Africa, on
the Indian Ocean. From Benguella the
route is almost due east to Tenke in
Belgian Congo. There connection Is
made with British lines and you pro-
coed circuitously through the Rhodesias,
past Broken Hill, Salisbury, etc, to the
edge of Portuguese East Africa, Whence
the route is almost due east across the
narrow strip of Portuguese East Africa
to the Mozambique Channel and the
Indian Ocean at Beira. 1t is almost 30
years since work was begun on the
Benguella- Tenke section. 1t seemed as
though that strip of about 300 miles
through the Belgian Congo from the
Angolan frontier to Tenke never would
be finished. 1t is.
X X
UNITED STATES. -Among the most
interesting items of legislation Of the
last session were the bills relating to
unemployment submitted by Senator
Wagner of New York; one providing
for periodic employment surveys, an
other for planning ahead of public
works, and the third for Organization
of Federal system to cooperate with
existing State employment agencies,
or to set up such agencies in States
which have none but which grant the
Federal Government authority to es-
tablish them within their limits" The
first two were enacted; the third died
on March through failure to receive
the Presidents signature.
The Department of Commerce fur
nishes gloomy statistics of our last
years foreign trade:
Exports of grain and grain products
in 1880 we're valued at about $191 ,000,-
600, as against 1886, 600, 900 for 1929. In
TrrlEt n
600 bushels, as against 33,750,000 for
1929.
Textiles exported in 1880 were valued
at 100000, as against 1912, 225, 900
for 1929.
Export of raw cotton exclusive of
linters' was valued at $493,572, 900, as
against $764, 100000 for 1899.
Export of rayon manufactures was
valued at SIS $40 900, as against $7,225,-
900 for 1929; of silk manufactures at
$14, 100000, as against $40, 100000 for
1929; of wool manufacturers at $4,020,-
600, as against SIS, 100000 for 1929.
Export of automotive rubber goods
was valued at $35,284,000, as against
SAB ,O92 900 for 1929.
Export of iron and steel products
totaled 1895, 900 gross tons, as against
3,038,000 for 1929.
Export of leather manufactured goods
was valued at $16,674, 900, as against
$22 1853 900 for 1929
Export of industrial machinery held
up well-$227, 060 900, as against $751;
OBS 900 for 1929
And the motion picture industry has
no occasion TO lament-$8, 10000, as
against $7,622,000 for 1929.
The volume falls, of course, were
not nearly as serious as the value falls,
by reason of the very considerable de-
cline in commodity prices.
According to an announcement by the
aeronautics trade division, Department
of Commerce, our export of aircraft and
aircraft parts and accessories in 1880
ued at about $8,8o6 900, as against
about s9,2o2,0o0 fcT k92s. The same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

statement informs us that the total Of
complete aircraft, civil and military,
produced in the United States in 1880
was 1857, as against 5000 for 1929 and
4,346 for 1928.
Our Postmaster General predicts that
before very long our trunk airman lines
on Latin American routes will cover the
costs of maintenance by receipts, which
keep a-swelling.
American Always, Inc. recently Is
sued statement showing very con-
siderable increase of business in 1880
over 1929. Sixty thousand passengers
were carried compared with 1890 in
1929; about 100000 miles were flown,
compared with 100000; 100000
pounds of mail were carried, compared
with 1,071 900. The company is sub
sidiary of the Aviation Corporation, and
operates Alaskan Anyways, Inc; South
ern Air Transport, Inc; the Colonial
Always Corporation, Interstate Air
Service, Inc, and the Universal Avia-
ton Corporation.
The chief medical examiner of New
York City reports 1925 deaths in
Greater New York in 1880, as caused
directly or indirectly by liquor" includ-
ing 625 due to alcohol poisoning. But
he adds: There are probably hun
dreds of alcoholic deaths we never know
of. Physicians conceal them by putting
other causes on death certificates. They
do this to spare disgrace to families, for
insurance and for dozen other rea-
sons"
/ Through enactment OF a measure
adding 1,550,000 acres thereto, the
Adirondack Park, New York, becomes
the largest park, National or State, in
the country Two whole counties,
namely, Hamilton and Essex, and most
of Warren are included. The entire
Lake George region is brought in. The
headwaters of the principal rivers of
the State (not considering the st. Law
rence) are now adequately protected
and wild life is to be congratulated.
The Travellers Insurance Co. of Hart
| ford publishes pamphlet which it hap
PLY entities Worse Than War" 1t
presents the following lurid statistics:
In the World War the A. E. F's total
of deaths in 18 months was 50,51O. In
the past 10 months the total of motor
accident deaths in the United States
was $4,000. In our Civil War of four
years the total of deaths of Union SOL
diers was pl0,070. In the years 1927
80 the total of deaths from motor ac-
cidentS in the United States was Ill.,
$50, while in 1880 alone the number of
non fatal injuries was over 835,O00. In
1880, though motor vehicle mileage"
substantially decreased, there was an in
crease of fatal motor car accidents by
over per cent, of non-fatal accidents
by Is per cent. 1t is a pretty situation.
| X X X
NOTES.-More and more pleasure
boats, for American financial princes are
being turned out from German yards.
The famous Neue PreuSSische Kreuz-
zeitung, for over 80 years organ of the
Prussian aristocracy, is about to cease
publication.
The population of Hungary is shown
by the census just completed to be about
100000, haYing increased by nearly
per cent in 20 ears. The Rumanian
government has obtained an interna-
ttional loan Of tn equivalent OF shout
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
ICHINA'S OPIUM BAN FARCE,
SAYS WI, OFFERING PLAN
Eight Proposals for Control of Traffic
Now Menacing World Trade by Hague
Conference Delegate of 19ll-l2.

"the number of factories manufacture
ing morphine and other narcotics
might be counted on two hands. At
the present time, have on my list
more than 140 firms openly dealing in
these pcrnicious alkaloids. The latest
and one of the largest producers in the
feld is Turkey. which, in the last re-
port to the League of Nations, an
nounced that its annual export Of drugs
was $500 Kilograms Of morphine and
$3.50 Of heroin. This means that mod
ern Turkey Is producing half the
worlds requirements of morphine C2.-
600 kilograms) and more than its total
needs Of heroin. Truly an apt pupil Of
advanced Europe"
DR.. WI points to the large narcotic
seizures made in recent years IN San
Francisco, New York, Singapore. RAN
COON, Shanghai, Tientsin, Hongkong,
Marseille and other big ports to show
how profitable the illegal trade in
drugs has become.
Suggests Factory in Geneva.
DR.. Wu's suggestion for world con-
troll of narcotic production (Which has
been introduced in Geneva by Woe Kali
seng, China's oflcial delegate) provides
that q central narcotic factory be
established at Geneva with authority to
manufacture alkaloids for the legiti-
mate and medical needs Of the world.
Every country thereafter should close
Its narcotic factories. Only recognized
alkaloidS land these in as few forms
as possible) would be distributed, al
ways among accredited agents Of each
government.
The reformer admits that this plan
would meet with two objections-first,
from vested interests in countries hith-
erto manufacturing narcotics. and sec
ond, from the point of view Of national
security during time of war, when each
country must have its own supply of
drugs for medical purposes. AS to the
nrst consideration, he points out that
the narcotic industry is a comparatively
new one and therefore could be lioui-
dated by arrangement with the govern
ments concerned
AS to the second, he feels that more
urgent supplies, such as gasoline, oil
and food, are of more paramount inn
portance and that the question of drug
supply In time of war would not sert-
ously menace any nations security.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
BY VISCOUNT CECIL OF
FLEETWOOD.

r SUPPOSE there is no question so
fateful for the maintenance of
our civilization and so commonly
i neglected as this: Can popular
opinion be organized as political
power against war, and In favor OF
the consolidation of peace?"
For who can fail to be struck with
the almost shameless and perpetual
contradiction between declarations OF
statesmen upon peace. arbitration, dis
armament, economic cooperation and
the rest, and the failure Of their po-
litical forces at home to make good
these declarations? Nor is it only a
matter of government spokesman be-
ing betrayed by the inertia or mistrust
of their parliaments. There is almost
the same distressing contrast between
the words of the natural leaders OF
popular thought and the action OF those
they lead. - :,
How many congresses Of political
parties or of professional and labor
unions have passed, in country after
country, resolutions of the most adj
mirable and pacific nature, and yet
how little practical effect do they have
upon the conduct of foreign affairs?
Clergy, bishops, the Pope himself, have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

of plans for the betterment Of their
nation or the world, and there is much
competition for this little time.
I should be the last to disparage the
Importance of strong religious guidance,
sound social and political doctrines and
an intellectual discipline which trains
the mind, even amid the clanking of
machines, the Gathering of typewriters
or the slow labor of the fields, to con-
secutive and constructive thought. But
even If all these influences be turned
toward peace they still lack something.
For they cannot compete in the mind
of the busy. man or woman with the
cleaer-cut definite program of the party
politician or the nationalist leader, aid
ed, as he so often is, by traditional
loyalties and principles.
1t can hardly be disputed that Fas-
cism, whether we like it or criticize it,
was a revolution supported by the
people; 1t responded to a need; it has
an obvious objective. In Germany the
Nazis have swiftly become a powerful
factor, for to the people Herr Hitler
presented a simple emotion-indigna-
ton at their country's supposed humili-
ation-and simple objective-the
CONTINUED on Fourth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

It is not-of this I am convinced
that ordinary men and women are
naturally bellicose or partisan or sec
tartan; on the contrary, the profound
and world-wise reaction from the great
war showed how strong was the desire
for peace in a generation which,
shaken from its easy-going habits, had
looked the ugly monster Of war in the
face.
Protection Instructive.
The natural wish to preserve life
and limb, home and family, combined
with mans natural good will to others.
is a strong incentive, even without
definite spiritual motives or political
principles, to make him want to avoid
war In a dumb, inarticulate way, at
least. the worker in the factory. the
mother in the home, the peasant in
the fields, those who go to their daily
round in shops or ofhces-all these
want peace; but the exacting routine Of
daily life leaves little time for thinking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15
Italy Rejects Plans
To Change Calendar

No matter what Russian or Ameri-
can enthusiasts may have to say, italy
endar. A commission appointed by the
committee for foreign affairs has de-
cided unanimously against any such
change. In commenting on its decision
the commission explained that the prob
lem was studied from all possible stand
astronomical, social, CONNER
cial banking, scholastic and religious.
In each case a calendar reiorrap was
turned down on the grounds Of "inad-
VisahilitHn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

expounded the principles Of interna-
tionaI justice and charity, denounced
materialistic nationalism, advocated
Cancellation.
Lack Peace Technique.
How many of the faithful give any
tangible proof in their civic and po-
litical life that they are inspired with
these principles? For church, for ma
tionality, for party politics, for class
for professional interests, even for alb
struse social theories, man is evidently
prepared to do and die. For peace. the
very framework of order in which his
earthly life is lived, without which all
is uncertain and endangered, he will
seldom lift finger, seldom spare half
an hours consecutive thought. Hence
the sorry gulf that yawns between
promise and fulfillment. Why is it?
In the first place, think it is that
we have not discovered the technique
Of inspiring and organizing the peo-
pies for policies of peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

$4,000, 900, the French share predomi-
mating, and similar loans to Poland,
Jugoslavia and Greece, of about $40, 0OO,-
600 in each case, are being negotiated at
Paris. There are or are not million
or so persons in Russia held for this
or that alleged reason in prison" or
concentration" camps, and engaged in
forced labor.
The Iraq government has ordered five
Gypsy moth airplanes ip London as the
beginning of a military air force, and a
number Of Iraqui youths aresin Britain
training for pilots.
We are informed that recent excava-
tons reveal substantial evidences of a
Neolithic Egyptian civilization antecat-
inG. the earliest known Egyptian dy-
nasty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

Continued on Fourth Page,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-15

THE following is brief summary
of the most important news Of
the world for the seven days