davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29

system adopted during the Spanish
American war. Only within recent
years have civilized nations estab-
lished an ancient method of identi-
flying their dead The War depart
ment regulations required every of
ficer and soldier of the American
EXpeditionary forces to wear about
his neck two Identification tags of
aluminium, stamped. in the case of
an officer. with his name, rank and
regiment, corps or department. On
the tag of every enlisted man was
inscribed his name and serial num-
Der.
Disposition of Tags.
Each tag was the size of silver
half dollar The regulation stipu-
lated that one tag be suspended
from the neck, and the other, a
duplicate, be attached to the neck
lace by short string or tape. In
case the wearer was killed, one tag
was buried with him, and the other
was usually attached to the cross
which marked his grave.
A cemetery was established near
every battlefield, when practicable.
A temporary headboard giving the
name and rank of the inferred,
with the organization TO which he
belonged marked each grave. Fur
ther precaution taken by the War
department was to make the COM
pany officer responsible for the
burial of his men. 1t was his duty
to show the exact location of each
grave with a sketch map.
In the days of the internecine
strife between the North and
South, the unknown killed made up
a large proportion of the total
number who lost their lives in bat
tie. An official list of the graves
in a few of the national cemeteries
where Union soldiers who fell in
the Civil war are buried shows a
striking contrast to the modern
system.
In Southern Cemeteries.
At the Fredericksburg (Va.) cem-
etery, 12,73S graves are marked
unknown" the known dead
amounting to 2.465. An even
greater proportion of unidentified
graves is the appalling story of the
cemetery at Salisbury, n. c., where
the unknown are 12.16S; known,
1873. The graveyard at Florence,
S. c., has 2,S02 unknown against
only PA identified burials.
Those who know their American
history recall the furious fighting
along the Rappahannock river,
which Lees army chose as a main
line of defense. The dispropOrtiOn
of unknown" found In the Gene
teries at Salisbury and Fredericks-
burg probably is explained through
their being the burial grounds for
those who fell in the Rappahan-
mock fighting.
There were four great battles in
the course of that fighting, and it
has been said that more men were
killed than in any other part of the
world, in an equal geographical
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29
Water for Calves

Here is plan of watering calves
that is offered by dairyman who
has followed it himself for years
and now has several of his neigh
bOrs of the same way of thinking
The calves are first given their reg
ular allowance of warm milk to
drink. AS soon as they have fin
ished with the milk they are of
fered warm water and they al.
ways drink. If offered the water
before the milk they refuse it..
Calves will drink about a quart
of warm water after each meal
when a week old, two quarts al
six weeks.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29
Alfalfa Important

The fact is that alfalfa is such
an important crop that no live
stock farmer should be without 1t.
The man who doesn't make an eff
fort to get his land in condition to
produce it in abundance for his own
needs is losing a real opportunity
to reduce materially his cost of
milk production.
There is comparatively little dan
ger of winter killing when a hardy
variey of alfalfa is grown and the
land on which it is planted is
sweet.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29
Unknown Dead
on Muster Rolls
of Past Conflicts

Mixed emotions, as women weep
audibly and men kneel in solemn
reverence and holy prayer, while
we pay tribute to our common
"buddy" before the tomb of the
Unknown Soldier at Arlington.
Amid chaplets of laurel and flow
ers, the American flag serves as
sentinel over his sarcophagus. The
burial of the lone World war vet
eran, November IL, 1922, out of
respect TO our unknown soldiers, is
recalled.
An army bugler sounding Taps"
was the only one of us he could
hear. Yet whole nation, in
thought, if not in actual presence,
stood with bowed heads and hon
ored the memory of the unknown"
men who have died that the Re-
public might live.
1t is Memorial day, a time of
solemn requiem for the dead; par
ticularly the nations war dead.
Again our buddy" will hear the
familiar sound of the bugle. Let
it be understood. he is our COM
posite buddy" for in reality he
was only one of the American SOL
diers killed lover there whose
names and personal histories were
unknown.
He is our national hero, Lee Poe
Hart writes, in the Washington
Star. He is especially the hero
and son of each mother and father
of all the gallant warriors who still
remain unidentified To each of
these proud and patriotic though
grief parents, he is
known" Every one of us knows"
our buddy. too.
Not Many "Unknown."
At the time he was given q sol
dier's last rites about 1900 were
numbered among the World war
unknown dead The War depart
ment today reports only 1862 re-
main unidentified.
In choosing the body that should
represent this national hero, utmost
care was taken to pick out that of
a buddy who could not by any pos
sibility be identified. Thus the one
who lies in the sepulcher of the
Unknown Soldier could never have
been recognized.
Figures at the War department
show 36.931 Americans were
killed in battle during the World
war. With only 1862 of that num-
Der now remaining unidentified, the
proportion of unknown" dead is
remarkably small.
Had it not been for the system
instituted by the War department
for the purpose of identifying men
killed in battle, the World war un-
known would have mounted to un-
told thousands. There was no such
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29

eIeT1 man dIUeTeM meaning, yer
Faith to the thing that set him, at his best,
Something ADORE the blood and dirt and t0e,
Something apart may God forget the rest!
THE observance of Memorial day finds its
l. motivating influence deep in the human
heart, and prototypes of the day and the serv-
ice are common all through history. The
early Greeks paid honor to their heroic dead
in much the same way as we now keep green
the memories of our war slain.
The favorite shrine of the Greeks
Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans withstood
an army, and this spot was, for centuries,
held in reverence by the lovers of liberty.
Monuments erected to heroes were covered
with garlands and the graves strewn with
flowers and olives.
The Romans carried the observance to the
point of solemn ritual, and a national holi-
day was set aside from February Is to 2l.
During that period the gates to the temples
of the gods were closed and fixed exercises
held in honor of the dead and sacrifices made
Naturally, this was the occasion of solemn
military displays, and the entire nation joined
in the triumphs for both the living and the
dead.
Memorial day came into our calendar as
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29

Aaron Butler, Weir, Kan, 4-foot
9-inch, thirteen-year-old winner of
the statewide Capper publications
spelling bee in Kansas, receives con-
gratulatiOns from J. NJ. Parks, who
is 6 feet inches, and was director
of the Kansas branch of the ma
tional spelling bee. The '1Ong and
the Short of the Kansas match will
be in Washington for the national
contest on May 26.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29

holiday largely through an order issued by
Gen. John A. Logan, who on May 5, 1868,
while commander of the Grand Army of the
Republic, issued an order to the members of
that organization setting aside May 80 as the
date on which they would pay tribute to the
memory of their fallen comrades. For some
years following Decoration day was the APP
pellation used, but in 1874 congress by enact
ment designated Memorial day as the official
name and set aside May 80 for its observance
and further declaring it to be national
holiday.
On this day the graves of soldiers who fell
in all our wars are decorated with flowers
and flags Battles which were more than
bothersome names to schoolboys came to
have real meaning as the lads watched bent,
gray old men kneel beside grave and heard
them say: "Jim never came back from the
Wilderness or "Tom fell at Fort Fisher"
To these names, English and easily remem-
bered, have come others: The Marne, Bel
leau Wood, Verdun and hundred others at
which some of those schoolboys gave their all.
The Coolidge examiner., 1931-05-29
Righteous Wars

Our great Republic has been for
tunate in having waged no war ex-
rept in the name of free govern
ment of the people. by the people,
for the people.-New York World
Telegram.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24

THE fear Of hunger riots by Mayor Mackey
Twas not without foundation. The number OF
unemployed already reached 100000. The mill
tant struggle Of the unemployed under the lead
ership OF the unemployed councils has thrown
a fear into the hearts Of the City Council and
the rich parasites Graft and corruption swal-
lowed millions OF dollars from the 90-million
dollar city budget. Because Of unemployment
the worker horne-owners cannot pay their taxes
and the amount OF delinquent taxes now reached
II million For the month of February 1900"
workers homes were sold by the sheriff.
These conditions increased the tension OF the
already starving unemployed. To prevent the
unemployed from direct action the city admin
stration and all capitalist agencies are feverish-
ly engaged in the collection of funds. The money
collected as the mayor himself had 20 admit
comes mostly from the working class. At the
same time the money collected is used directly
against the workers. The city racket, and scab
agency, the mayors Unemployment Relief Com
mittee that collects money from the working
people, is using the jobless on various city jobs
and even on jobs provided by private individuals
and institutions The unemployed, however, are
not paid by the city nor are they paid by the
private individuals and concerns They are paid
no more than $12 a week from the funds col
lected by the Mayors Unemployment Relief
Committee. In other words, the city saves money
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24
BY HARRY CANNES.

MOT by any stretch Of the imagination or by
IN any skilful twisting of the facts can the
capitalists make the workers believe that there
is an improvement in the economic situation.
On the contrary, the crisis is getting worse and
is now in one of the most critical periods since
its inception
Early in January, John Farrell, president of
the United States Steel Corporation declared
that the low point of the crisis was reached in
December. This keynote Of optimism found
wide echo not only amongst the capitalists, but
even many workers were misled.
Space will not permit a full development Of
the overwhelming facts showing a worsening Of
the crisis not only in comparison with the same
period of 1890, but even in comparison with the
lowest point since the stock market crash. How
ever. few facts will prove that all the talk of
a let-up in the crisis at this time is deliberate
lying.
According to the Weekly Index of Business of
the New York Times (Feb. !, 1881 the adjusted
index of freight car loadings, steel mill activity,
electric power production, automobile produc-
ton and cotton cloth production in the latter
part Of January 1881, stood at 1873. In $780, the
index stood at $3.50. There is difference of 20
points in 1881 below the 1880 index.
How any optimism can be squeezed out of
this TACT is beyond comprehension. The rate
of SEASONAL upturn in January and February Of
1881 has been decidedly below 1880. During
Jar ~, 1881, foreign trade of the United States
DROP ID to the lowest point since 1922. During
this same period the world economic crisis
reached sharper phases in every capitalist coun-
try in the world narrowing the base of possible
immediate recovery.
What about Mr.. Farrens little prediction that
the low point was reached in December, 1880?
The Annalist Index of Business. about the most
reliable index published by the capitalist econ
omists, shows that business had dropped in
January 1881, to lower point than had ever
been reached before in American economic his
tory. While the Annalist index stood at 76.1 for
December 1880 (NIr. Farrells low point the
same index dropped to TAB in January. The
index of Business Week." Wall Street maya
zine, dropped to 1873 on January %, as COM
pared to 500 the week before Jan II.
From the latest available data supplied by the
capitalists (and their entire method of COM
putting the business index is open to serious
question: there is no doubt that the crisis is
going down to lower levels.
On the side Of the practical result for the
working class the facts show even a worse state
of affairs. Unemployment throughout the United
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24
COURSE OF THE ECONOMIC
CRISIS IN 1881

States according to the Department Of Labor,
dropped over per cent in January; while pay
rolls in the same month dropped over per
cent.
So much for the general estimation Of the
crisis But an examination Of the various basic
industries would show matters in worse light.
The steel industry has been sadly disappointing
to the capitalists. Despite all the attempts to
shove up steel production it has not gone over
SO per cent of capacity, while the United States
Steel Corporation is actually cutting down its
production. In the worst crisis year so far, 1880.
they had better record, production going up to
nearly 80 per cent of capacity. So We see that
in MIR. Farrells own company he cannot make
his prediction hold good
But from other Ynagnates in the steel indus
try we get a black, gloomy picture. special
dispatch to the New York Evening Post (Feb.
T. 1881 gives us this angle:
"While there are few outright expressions OF
opinion in the steel trade it is clear that there
is widespread feeling of disappointment.
The steel trade had hopes that purely seasonal
improvement would help, while now it realizes
that this is not enough to do much good, and
so eyes must be turned on the longer pull"
Now how about this longer pulp" We have
some bad news on that point The Standard
Statistics Co, of the leading business statis-
teal agencies in the United States, predicts
that after March "a saggtng tendency seems
likely to develop. The first half Of 1881 proba-
bly, will be more disappointing than otherwise.
business profits will be low.
The beginning of strong and sustained i'm
provement in general does not seem probable
before the closing months of 1881"
Thus we see the little game Of showing 'im-
provement" over into the future becoming a
regular practice No worker will have much con-
fidence in the prediction of Improvement" in
the closing months of 1881. We've heard that
story before from the Standard Statistics Co.
as well as every capitalist spokesman who let
himself be heard.
In another field, 1881 opened with heavy
blow to American capitalism. Bank failures for
January 1881, were greater than in 1880. In
the month of January 1877 banks crashed, in
voving $91, $4,000. The sum involved in the
failures for January 1881, is greater than for
most of the years before 1929 There we're bank
crashes in nearly every leading industry center
in the country
We have enough proof already to show that
the crisis in 1881 will be worse than in $780, and
there are indications yet to indicate there has
been any upward turn in the general crisis such
as the capitalists would have the workers be-
lieye.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24
Baldwin and Gandhi

IAN essential condition for the successful
working out of this revolutionary united front
program Chased on the struggle Of the workers
and peasants for the complete overthrow of Bri-
fish Imperialism in India) is ruthless fight
against all treacherous attempts to confuse the
issues and to create counter Revolutionary ilu-
sions among the masses. especially those carried
on by the Congress, and more particularly by It's
left wing" (Jawaharal Nehru Subash Bose)
The latest slogan Of Jawaharal Nehru to elect
a Constituent Assembly following the lead
given by the Indian Communist Renegade, M
N. Roy) is fresh proof Of such attempts and
emphasizes the necessity for exposing and coun-
teracting them without mercy"
Roger Baldwin is the leading representative
among the so-called liberals in the United
States who carries on ''treacherous attempts to
confuse the Issues and to create counter-revolu-
tionary illusions among the masses"
Baldwins policy is in full accord with that Of
the Maxton group in the British labor party who
were originally affiliated with the International
League Against Imperialism Maxton proved
himself to be one of the main props Of the Mac
Donald government, aiding 1t under cover of
demagogic protest" in numbering and falling
tens Of thousands Of Indian workers and peas
ants Maxton was expelled from the Ihterna-
tional League Against Imperialism.
In the struggle against Wall Street domination
in the Philippines Baldwin has repeatedly lined
up with the petty bourgeois misleaders who OBJ
struct the fight against the American imperial
ist massacres Of the revolving peasants in the
Philippine Islands. The Baldwin policy Of col
laboration with such forces as Gandhi in India
pe.lnit him to follow the path Of aiding Amer
lean imperialism in the Yankee colonies by CIV
ing aid and support to the counter revolutionary
petty bourgeoisie. s.
While giving lip-service to the general prin-
ciples of the last International Conference of
~ Aceinst Imperialism in Frankfort.
hrs consistently followed the line OF
defeating these principles In action. He has
hindered the development Of the Anti Imperial
list League in the United States by attempting to
saddle it with Gandhiist and other imperialist-
collaborating elementA He has sabotaged the
activity Of tina League IN every respect going
80 far a. to threaten the establishment! of CON-
petins Organization, eou1posed mainly q Nbeeal
a.~,<<1 ahk- - x1u, =
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24
The Growing Wave OF Struggles
in Philadelphia

on the unemployment and so do private capital
lists They made the unemployed work. pay them
from the funds collected from the workers and
themselves keep the funds appropriated for
these jobs.
The Unemployed Will Not Scab
The bosses, particularly Of the textile and
needle trades industries are now taking advan-
tage of the existing unemployment to cut the
wages of those still employed. In the textile
industry the upholstery weayers are now fight
ing against IA per cent wage cut. In the
needle trades, workers are now striking against
the rotton conditions in the sweatshop. Despite
of the officials Of the Hosiery Workers Union
the workers turned out In mass on the picket
lines. In the needle trades the workers put up
militant fight to keep scabs out of the shops.
The police has clearly demonstrated its role.
Director of Public Safety Schefief, issued state
ments prohibiting all picketing and resorted TO
wholesale arrests There can be no strikes and
picketing in period Of unemployment" said
Schefielf. Conclusions from this must be drawn
that the workers must accept any kind of wages
because of the fact that there is unemployment.
The February Is demonstration will be the an
Swer to the bosses and the police department.
That first of all the unemployed will not scab
and neither will all the workers permit the bos-
ses to use unemployment as means of reducing
the standard of living Of all workers
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24
Bank Directors

The directors of the Bank Of United States,
as some 100000 New York depositors now know,
met occasionally to OK. the rake off gathered
in through the bank loaning millions to dummy
companies. Some of them trying to get out of a
pickle now, say that about all they did at meet
ings was to draw $50 in gold each and vote for
anything the main squeezes proposed without ax-
animation. ,s
This is already fully proven in the inyestga-
ton now going on.
Thus We have the amusing spectacle OF some
of these guys whose possession of money is all
ways explained to workers as They're big be-
cause they're brainy"-answering questions like
the following:
Question-"What did you hold directors meet
ngs at all for?"
Answer: "WeII, to tell the truth, that has oc !
Cured TO me very often" ~
Now, Sou--you, the worker who Is reading this
just think back couple of months, to when
the capitalist papers we're running headline
about the RED Runors Ruin Banks'-and then
get your fightin clothes on and go out and ex}
plain to somebody, some worker, this concret(
case of how the capitalist papers lie about th@
Communists. And why
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24

petty bourgeosie and renegadeS from the Com
munist Party, such as the Lovestoneites.
The main purpose of the organization pro-
posed by Baldwin, counter to the League Against
Imperialism, would be to strengthen the hand
Of Gandhi, against the Indian workers and peas
ants; to lend support to the reactionary Quezon,
Roxas Osrnena nliseaders in the Philippines
to support the Kuonintang executions in China,
and mislead the American workers as to the
real function Of an Anti Imperialist League.
Baldwin's policy is not the expression of an
individual 1t is a class policy representing the
phrase -mongering of the petty -bourgeoisie and
socialists throughout the world. 1t is the
policy OF the Mosley- Maxton group in Britain,
under whose purposely futile "oppositionap pro-
lection Macdonald is preparing blood-bath for
the Indian workers and peasants. Such stand
has no place in the Anti-Imperialist League of
the United States 1t is hindrance to the es-
tablishment OF real, fighting Anti-Imperialist
League
One of Baldwin's closest supporters in the
Anti Imperialist League the late Carl DeBekker.
expressed this ounter-revolutionary view with
regard to the Philippines in a recent visit to
the Islands. The Philippine Herald Nov 10,
1890 reports DeBekker as saying:
Like the members of the American liberal
group, believe in Philippine Independence pro-
vided that we % are given full assurance that
you are secure and free after American SOW
ereignty is lifted here"
This is objective support to the Hoover imper-
ialst policy in the Philippines. 1t is the logical
outgrowth Of the Baldwin policy with regard to
India, as well as with regard to every colony
under the yoke Of American imperialism.
No real Anti Imperialist Lsague can be built
basing itself on the leadership of the workers
and peasants in the anti-imperialist struggle
on such clements. The Anti-Imperialist League
has made the serious mistake Of not clarifying
this issue heretofore The necessity at this time
Of building the League in the United States in
the face Of increasing revolutionary ferment in
the colonies, demands that supporters OF tho
fsksr 0andhi, b exposed and branded a. enc
I as g "a a2tI,Impss'ss.ss atsusg!e -
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-02-24

"Einstein Theory Gets New Proofs" says
headline. The proof being that some, photo|
graphs show that stars rays bend in passind
the SUM-" Now any superstitious bunk peddlei
can prove" that science is not opposed to re-
ligion by asking defiantly, "Who bent 'em, II
God didn't"
The NJ Y. Times last month got off varia.
ton in relatively, one of its editorials on Jan
IS saying: after ALL luxury is but a relative
term
1t said this in defense Of capitalist luxury and
against what it calls "all the foolish and dena'
gogic talk on this. subject now current" One o.
its prize remarks is this:
"'The poor, If they arc not to cast themselye
entirely upon public charity, they must flint
someone to give them employment and pay thei1
wages. Even Luxurious expenditure is one wal
| OF making jobs for wage-earners."
No more vulgar apology for capitalism CA
possibly be put forth--than that above whicN
to quote Marx, is synonymous to saying tn
1.-THE bourgeois is a bourgeois for The baneft
the working class. 4faaetssa'--S4 ~
u 1919 ---.. s.AaA 'ff7ff