davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

WALLACE. IDAHO. Sept. 12
the Bunker Hill 4 sullivan
Mining and Concentrating conn
pany reported net gain In
profits for July over June Of
nearly s14e,sss against the june
net or s14o.s4s and s1ss.152
IN July. 1880. after All charges
except depreciation and depletion.
The total earnings for the
first seven months Of 1881
amounted to s754,5z7, compared
with s1.5so.ses ia the 1890
seven montha
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12
EAST HELENA
SHELTER
START SOON

HELENA, Sept. f2--Re
sumpsson az operation with
one bamse farmaos requiElng
400 empaoyes at the Enst
MeAsna pimnt 81 tine Amaeri-
can Smelling and Refining
company. september 16, was
annommced yesterday ~
John D. Mackenzie. mada-
ageF.
Improved condition Of the lead
market. due to depletion Of re-
serve stocks and requirements In
the Orient were given BY Mr..
Mackenzie a. the reason for re-
opening the plant which was
closed down. not to be started
untn October j. according 20 ne
tice given July /. when opera
tions ceased
During the 60 days the plant
has ben closed. between 10000
and $4,000 tons Of ore and con-
centrates have been accumulated
IL the bins. With current receipts
it is considered likely that sufsi-
Gent tonnage win be received to
keep the smelter in operation
from september is on. AS the
market Improves and the demand
is maintained It Is possible that
another furnace out Of the three
stili In reserve will be added.
-Four blast furnaces Is the eapac-
ity OF the smeIter
Old EnpIoyes Sought
Manager Mackenzie said that
former employees would be Civ
en- preference in work Many Of
them have been employed on the
Montana Power company sas line
since the plant closed Completion
OF the pipe line project win find
the smelter employees back on
their old jobs, with little wage
time lost
Manager Mackenzie has just
returned from trip In the Occur
d'Alene and the Troy-Libby min
ind districts where. except Tor
gold properties. there Is not much
activity He also visited the
coast and Salt Lake
Those who Sought work, IN 9TH
er localities. when the smelter
was closed down. win have their
positions back upon application,
Mr.. Mackenzie said Many oil
the men own their homes IN
East Helena
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

a brief description Of the more
common types Of placers Is as fol-
lows:
Residual PIacers
These are piacers In which the
gold is accumulated il place BY
the disintegratlon OF the rock
containing II. It b not trans
ported from its original source.
Hillside FEacers
These are very old deposits.
occurring on the tops and sides
OF hills. They may have been
left in this elevated position be-
cause OF earth disturbances which
lifted the area above the former
stream bed, or the original stream
which deposited them may have
changed its course or have mean
dered to a new bed
Creek Placers
These are the best known and
most productive placers. Brooks
has described this form Of plac-
er as follows:
1.-THE pay streak in these do
posts ls usually on bed rock
though Il sometimes is found on
3 clay which overlies bed rock.
Where no clay is present the gold
Is found not only on the bed
rock, but also where the rock is
broken the gold has worked its
way down into the joints and
crevices.
Streams are often found to
have a layer Of clay on bed
rock. which gradually thlns ous
upstream and finally disappears
entirely The presence OF the
clay CD the bed rock usually in-
aicatea that no gold will be
found IN the weathered rock be-
ow, as the impervious layers pre-
rent the gold from working its
way down
The entire width Of the stream
ihould be tested as the pay
freaks are very irregular They
lsnaliy run parallel to the d.
'ection in which the water Is
lowing
Gulch Placers
These are very similar to creek
'lacern except that there is now
cry little, II any, flowing water
resent
River-hAr P1acers
These are bars Of gold bearing
and or gravel that have been
aid down BY large streams or
lvers The gold IL usually dis
ributed throughout the bar.
here is oftener more fine (flour
old than coarse The deposits
re usually very low grade as
ompared to creek rIacers
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

mercury. BY rubbing mercury
on the copper bottom. fine gold
Is retained through amalgamation.
Pan Operation
The pan Il filled about two
thirds fun OF dirt aud placed
under water. While 10 this po-
aition the contents are stirred
or ''kneaded" with both hands.
This procedure Is necessary 70
break up the Jumps and to free
the gold from clay-like material.
As the disintegration proceeds.
the large stones and pebbles are
thrown ont
When the material has been
thoroughly broken up and the
large rocks removed. The pan is
taken in both hands for the pan.
ming operation. The position Of.
the hands Is slightly back Of the
middle OF the pan. This permits
the pan to be Inclined down and
away from the operator. The
pan Is now raised until It IS just
covered with water
Circular Motion
II is now given . slight os-
cillating, circular motion. with
the result that the contents are
shaken from side 70 side This
motion keeps the lighter material
in suspension and wastes it out
OF the psn. II also enables the
gold and heavy minerals (mag-
netite. etc,.) to work their way
to the bottom at the mass- This
operation is continued until on
" the gold and black sands are
left.
Other material such as stream |
tin, end heavy non-magnetic min
erals. are separated from the
gold either By amalgamailng the
gold or BY picking out the gold.
piece BY piece. The separation
OF gold from the mercury used in
amalgamation viii be discussed
later Ia this paper.
Daily Stint
Peeie. Wilson and Longridge.
state that about 100 pans Of dirt
are the most that can be PANIED
BY an experienced miner IN 10
hours.
Assuming that placer gravel
weighs 1876 pounds per cubic
foot. and that the gold pan holds
Is pounds. 100 pans would be
equivalent 70 about / 1cubic feet
Or 4-fo OF a cubic yard with
The large pan (1s-inch diarnetef)
! good pannsr may handle one
cubic yard.
There are many forms and
.lzes Of rockers. The rocker
handles about three to five cubic
yards Of material per 10 hours.
rs capacity depending upon the
Iizs Of the gold and the amount
Il clay present
Clay ~ Deterrent
Large amounts Of clay slow the
down. II Is necessary
hat all the clay be washed free
4 the gold. otherwise. the fine
'old is floated away. The
ketch shown a. Figure Illus
rates a convenient form Of
.nockdown rocker
The inside Of one side OF the
ecker and an end view Of the
ecker Is shown.
Last o. Parts
for holding the back !
at the rocker.
for holding bottom OF
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

AAA AoM NAAen 10 came. Aoe re-
covered gold is weighed and SIX
pressed in cents per cubic yard.
Sailing Danger
Care must be taken against
sailing the sample, getting gold
into It that does not belong
there.
TO determine the grade o. fine
ness Of the gold. Il will BE- neces-
sary to send a sample to an as
sayer Placer gold varies be-
tween about sI0.00 worth Of gold
per ounce to almost pure gold
s20.s7 per ounce. 1t is found
nearly always alloyed with vary
ing amounts Of silver
Must BE Bedrock
In sampling or working a de-
posil, one must be sure that he
has reached the real bed rock be-
fore abandoning the claim. Fig
nfs illustrates this. It will be
noted that the gold has been de-
posted In alternate layers with
clay This Indicates changing
conditions OF deposition.
The size Of the gold to be re-
covered has an Important bearing
on the details Of the appliance to
De used. Finely divided gold Isl
much more diflcult to save than
the coarser variety.
Table OF vaIues
The following table viii give
some idea Of the size Of gold par
ticles and their value.
Coarse gold-that which re-
mains on a 10-mesh scresn (ten
openlngs per linear inch.)
Medium gold-that which re-
mains on a 2O-mesh. and passes
d 10-mesh screen (about 1900
eolors to / o.
Fine gold-that which passes a
so-mesh and remains on a 40r
mean screenC about IA. 900 coIors
70 / oz.)
Very fine gold-that which pas
ses 20-meah screen (about 40.-
Do0 colors to oz.)
Price Schedule
Purington quotes examples OF
'inely divided gold:
ITO colors to / cent (2t4,5O0
TO I o..
$50 colors TO 1 cent (4s6.so0
to Oh
500 colora 70 1 cent (sss.ooo
to o..
Recovery Methods
% the many methods that are
ised for recovering gold from
'Iacsr deposits. there are only
hres that merit description in
o far as the proapector Is con-
eFned In the order Of simplic-
y. the construction OF the APP
,aratus and operation OF these
hree methods follow
Gold Pan
The ordinary sheet-iron gold
an varies from about 10 10 IS
nchea fl diasnetsr at the top. The
epth IL about three inches The
rdinary Io-inch frying pan with
he handle removed is quite Of
IN used. This pan holds about
I've pounds. The 1s-inch pan
olds about 25 pounds OF dirt
igure 4 illustrates the gold pan.
The gold pan Is made Of stiff /
on. The inner surface must ]
E kept clean and bright, and
ZEE o. grease. Some pans are
ade wlth 4 copper bottom. Opp
sr amalgamates readily with
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

Bench Placers
These are more or less anclenI
placers. occurring ia bench o.
terrace form. on the sides o. val
leys or courses Of ancient streams
from 50 10 500 feet o. more
above The present stream level
The presence Of well rounded
gravel Is indicative Of materiai
carried and sorted BY water Fig
ures and 2 iilastrate creek and
bench placsrs
Associated Minerals
Black sand (magnetite. an OK
ide OF irin) Is nearly always
found ia placers with gold. Its
presence or absence is not posi-
tive proof OF the presence or ABB
sence Of gold. IImenite Ian iron
titanium oxide) resembles magne-
lite to a large extent It Is u.s.
ually present.
Garnet (ruby sand) and air
con commonly occur in gold plac-
ers. In Alaska. and at least one
locality in Idaho. cinnabar timer
curry sulphida) has been found ii
gold placers scheelite calcium
tungstate) and cassitsrlte (tin
oxide) have been found IN some
placers. Pyrlte is commonly
fonnd. and BY the inexperienced
prospector may be confused with
gold.
Test For Esgrite
A very simple test quickly dis
tinguishes between the two. Ply
rite Is very brittle. A slight
pressure between two hard sur
faces reduces it to fragments
Gold Is simply glattened without
breaking. Biotite mica which
has altered to a bronze color is
sometimes confusing. It is read
ily told from gold By the readi-
ness with which II breaks when
bent back and forth.
Before any extensive opera
tions are attempted. the placer
deposit should be sampled. This.
OF course. applies where large
scale sluicing, dredging, or ny
dFauIiking. is contemplated. and
not where the gold pan. rocker. or
some such elementary process. Is
used.
SanlpIing Methods
There are two general methods |
Of sampIing test pits and bore
holes Test pits would De used
most DrofitabIy in shallow de-
posits (probably not deeper than
Is feet.) For greater depths the
churn drill would be used. The
test pit or shaft gives more
accurate sample.
II covers a larger area; the
gold contained IN the gravel is
removed with the gravel with
yery little concentrating Of gold
- the bottom OF the shaft IS ap-
preached. with the churn drill
1 ls dffficult to prevent concen-
ration Of gold
Cost Is FACTOR
The final choice between theI
NO methods rests with the cost
I the shafts must be tinbsred
u water pumped out. the bore
lole methods may be far cheap
r.
The material removed from
he shaft or the bore hole Is
aimed, sluiced. or amalgamatod
o remove the gold The gravel
5 weighed, or It's weight calep-
ated. from the size Of the open
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-09-12

rocker.
cleats for holding back OF
rocker.
D-cleat for holding canvas-ap
ron frame.
E-CIeats for holding brace At
top Of rocker.
F-Cleat for holding sieve box.
Bolt holes for Ia inch iron
bolts used in holding rocker
together.
RIFLES 81 inch high BY / inch
wide.
K Rockers.
H-Handle FOR rocking appar-
atus.
Bottom board OF rocker.
N Spike projecting ia inches
to prevent rocker from slip
ping down grade.
Constructions
The bottom board. l.. OF the
rocker should be IN one piece.
This is to prevent leakage Of fine
gold which might occur II two
poorly fitted boards were used
Material Of construction is pre-
eerrably finished s-a inch. The
six 1-2 inch rods should have nuts
and washers for the ends. This
permits tearing the rocker down
Tor transportation purposes.
The dimensions OF the sieve
box are as shown in the sketch.
II should Just 1T loosely in the
top Of the rocker. The bottom Is
made Of heavy sheet iron perIor-
atsd with about 1-2 inch diameter
holes.
Apron Framew0rk
The apron Is a framework
made Of i inch BY / AZ inch ma
teriai we'll fitted together and
covered with canvas. me can
vas Is not stretched tight. but
allowed 10 sag somewhat At the
bottom. This gives q slight de-
in which gold Is
caught
The grade or inclination Of
the rocker Is obtained IS follows:
no 0htain Grmde
Two heavy planks are firmly
placed on the ground such . dis
ian~e apart that each OF the
rockers win fall abont in the cen
ter Of . plank. The pianks mus.
hare holes IN them 10 receive the
pike In the bottom OF the rock
BPS. The plank under the front
,r discharge end Of the rocker Is
(contnnea on Pass Eiehfl
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22

This season the famous Wallenda
troupe who first startled American
circus audiences a year ago have
added new thriller which fairly
takes one breath away. Mounting a
chair balanced on a pole forty-five
feet above the ground, held aloft on
the shoulders of two wire walkers,
one of the men holds in turn a slen-
der little girl, Helene Wallenda, atop
his head. The feature, seen at each
performance of the Ripgling Broth
erS and Barnum & Bailey Circus is
by all odds the most sensational ever
witnessed in America.
At another time during the Wal
lenda's thrilling exhibition a mem
Der Of the troupe calmly rides an
ordinary bicycle across the lofty
strand Of steel while Miss Wallenda
stands upon his shoulders.
These intrepid performers who
have made two continents gasp are
part Of the great international con-
gress of arenic talent assembled by
the Greatest Show on Earth this
year.
Among the many other thrilling
features with the big show is the
Orland-Mara sensation in which
Orland makes a terrific dive through
space with Miss Mara upon his back.
landing on a chute in the arena far
below. Then there are the fearless
Flying Codonas, greatest Of aerial
lists, Con Colleano, unrivalled wizard
Of the tight wire, Luicita Leers, mar
velous gymnastic, and hundreds of
others.
Ringing Brothers and Barnum 81
Bailey Circus will exhibit in Indian
apoliS, Thursday, July 80.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
SHOOT DOWN SUSPECT
Man Charged With knitting Wound
ed in Knee as He F1ees.

Arresting Ray Osborn, 3S, after
he is alleged to have slashed his
landIady, Mrs. Florence Hancock,
321 South West street, on the arm
with butcher knife, police were
forced to shoot him to prevent his
escape early today.
He became quarrelsome early
Tuesday night, and his rampage
ended only when police arrived,
Mrs. Hancock said. Osborn is
charged with drunkenness, resisting
arrest and vagrancy. Patrolman
Lawrence Tanning fired four shots
in the air and one bullet into Os-
born's knee when he ran from the
police car.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
aimee STARS
At WEDDING OF
HER SON ROLF
Blond Evangelist LEADING
Figure as 10000
Hear Ceremony.

LOS ANGELES. July 22.-Aimee
Semple Mcpherson married Rolf
Mcpherson, her son, to Lorna Dee
Smith, formerly OF Oklahoma, while
10000 people who crowded into and
around her AngeluS Temple Tues
day night applauded wildly.
The show was one of the most
spectacular ever staged by the Vi
Yacious evangelist and she domi-
mated it from the moment she en-
tered to direct the musical program
until she pronounced 18-year-old
Rolf and the 20-year-old Miss Smith
man and wife"
Mrs. Mcpherson made all the an
nouncementS, directed the singing.
led the prayers and performed the
ceremony She even found time to
direct a small page to sit up straight
and to move the radio microphone
so 1t could be used to the best ad-
vantage.
Mrs. Mcpherson, wearing a white
silk dress and with her blonde nair
newly marceled, stood on a plat
form covered with gold cloth. She
carried yellow roses.
Lights Are on Aimee
Three huge Kleig lights in the
first gallery and four arc lights on
the main floor played on Mrs. Nc
Pherson as the bride and brides
maids marched down an incline on
the right and the bridegroom fol-
lowed the usherS down another in
cline at the left.
The bride was gowned in white.
A five-yard veil trailed from her
head and covered her auburn hair.
Mrs. Mcpherson read the cere-
mOny. Rolf answered his parts in
high, but shaky, voice, while the
bride spoke so low Mrs. Mcpherson
reached over and brought the mi
crophone nearer.
The double-ring ceremony was
used. The word "obey" was omit
ted. Ten thousand pieces of we'd
ding cake were distributed
Police Are Called Out
Some of the wedding guests came
as early as noon. BY p. m. every
seat in the temple and Bible school,
was taken and people were fighting
for vantage points at the doors and
in the aisleS. Additional police re-
serves were called out.
Some 5000 persons were con-
gregated outside the temple and
among them circulated newsboys
calling the latest extras on the woes
of G. Edward (What-A-Man) Hud-
son, whose recent marriage TO the
bridegroom's grandmother, Mrs.
Minnie Kennedy, caused him SO
much trouble.
The extras said that Hudson had
been sued for breach Of promise by
Mrs. Ethel Lee Tarbert. who asked
$250,000 damages. Previously Mrs.
Kennedy had asked annulment of
her marriage because he already
had a wife when he married her.
and Mrs. Margaret Newton Hudson
has sued him for divorce.
Neither Mrs. Kennedy nor Mr.
Hudson was present Tuesday night.
They said they were not invited.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
$3.50 Fountain Pens

Just 300 of these
Marquisettes, 80
inches wide, "a
yards long with
rayon fringe. Ecru
only. ACC value.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
Arrested as Wife Beaten

Alleged to have beaten his wife,
Roy Vernon, 38, Of $50 East Yer
mont street, was arrested Tuesday
night by police on charges of assault
and battery and vagrancy. Police
said he insisted a valuable diamond
ring in his possession was his, but
his wife Jean told officers he
hasn't got a dime to buy a meal"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
Lace Panels at

Shadow and f1let lace, az
yards long, AZ inches wide.
Good assortment of pat
terms. $1.98 value.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
$50 in Summer School

By Times Special
MUNCIE, Ind, July 22-Six hun
dred fifty students are enrolled for
the second summer term at Ball
State Teachers college here.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
Austrian PIisse 90.
Window Shades w.

Formerly $3.50. scalloped, with
2-inch fringe. Cream color with
ring pull.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-07-22
Pair Sash
Curtains

Hard twist wolfe with printed
bands in gay colors. Each strip,
20x33 inches. Ready to hang. 39c
value.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23
CUMMING GIVES
INFLUENZA ADVICE
Surgeon General Says No
I Specific Cure Has Ever
Been Found.

There is no specific cure for infiu-
enza, according to Surg. Gen. Hugh S.
Cumming of the Public Health Service,
but there are certain precautions the
public should take to prevent spread OF
the disease and to check its course in
the victim.
The keynote rule" In combating the
"flu," he declared, is GO home and go
to bed" Then call the doctor.
Things to do in case the doctor can't
come. he said were: Remain in bed
eat a simple diet, take plenty of fluids,
such as water, fruit juices, milk, bou-
illon and hot soups at frequent inter-
walls.
{ DO not take any so-called cure.
There is no specific cure"
This procedure, DR.. Cumming said,
should prevent the influenza patient
from becoming seriously i'll.
Influenza itself, he emphasized, is not
fatal-the pneumonia which often fol-
lows 1t is often fatal.
Rest was stressed as most important.
Remain in bed until all symptoms
have disappeared and then, under the
physicians advice, return very gradual
~ to usual physical activities, being
sure to rest before becoming tired"
was the surgeon generals prescription.
g For the able-bodied he prescribed:
Eight to ten hours sleep every night,
with windows open, unds warm covers
Eating a moderate mixed diet and
drinking six to eight glasses of pure
water daily.
Wearing clothing warm enS sh to
prevent chilling of body surfaces.
Avoiding people with colds, especially
those sneezing or just beginning to feel
sick
Keep out of crowds in closed places.
Avoid use of common utensils.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23
AUTHORS ARM BURNED

Gouverneur Morris Injured When
Cigarette Ignites Gasoline.
MONTEREY, Calf, January % Up.
-Gouverneur Morris, author, was in a
hospital here Wednesday from burns on
his right arm.
The writer got out of his automobile
last Friday near Los Banos to make a
minor repair. A live coal from his
cigarette dropped into the gasoline tank,
causing 1t to flare up.
Morris. believing the burn incon-
sequential, continued with Mrs. Morris
to Sonora, but his arm became worse.
Physicians said he would be out of the
hospital soon,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23

Wash the hands frequently, and
especially before eating.
Avoid the use of any "So-called pre-
ventives vaccines, sera and adj
vertised preventives seem to be of no
value and may be harmful in this
disease"
Avoid alcohol and stimulants of all
sorts.
Walk to work If possible and keep as
much as you can in the open air.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23
$853,s60 SPENT IN 1880
DRY AMENDMENT FIGHT
Association Report to House Shows
$711,3S1 Received and $47,-
$50 Discussed for Stamps.

A total of $s53,860 was spent during
1880 by the Association Against the
Prohibition Amendment, according to
that organizations report to the House
clerk yesterday.
Receipts for the year reached SILL
381 and loans amounted to $4,000,
the report continued. Larger items
carried in the disbursement list in
cluded $47,689 for postage and $25, 1922
to Henry H. Curran, president of the
association.
Among the contributors to the asso-
Citations funds during the last two
months of the year the report named
Archibald M L. du Pont of Whining
ton, Del. 500; Eugene E. du Pont,
Greenville, Del, $500: Waldo New
conner, Baltimore, $4,000; w. E. Norvell,
jr., Nashville, $4,000. The total re-
ceipts for these months was $28,29S.
Birmingham England, will construct
new aerodrome covering 200 acres
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23

NARROW GARTER BELTS in
brocade and embroidered E0~
voiles; supporters. ...... wv
WIDE GARTER BELTS; with GI
elastic inserts; four supporters,
ELASTIC SANITARY BELTS;
with satin tabs; medium and 9E~
large sizes. .............. 0O~
SEW.ON GARTERS-in different
webs; 9 and IL inch lengths TO-
e pairs, 3Sc), pair. ..... s0~
DOUBLE.COVERED NAINSOOK
DRESS SHIELDS - regular L.
and crescent shapes, 3 for. OS@
NorIoNs, AISLE II, FIRST FLooR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23

Hot Water Bottle, with &C.
tractive rubber cover. Choice
of blue and red G1
SHADES ..............
Good Quality Turkish Wash
Cloths, with assorted color
borders. Priced, per Or
dozen ............... ~~S
Miro Dena Lipstick or ROUGE
Compact leach, 81 valus),
with an 0Sc box Of face 4 n
powder ................ ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-23
$3.50

Dance frocks with Fashions feauresof tafea satn
fiat crepe and georgette wide range of pastel black
and white With pepums ofshouders and cowl necklne
Sizes II to IL.
DRESSES, FLOOR.