davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
Milady's Motoring
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.

would give me shock. Yet just look
how small the wiring is under the
hood"
THAT will help you to understand
the difference between voltage, which is
the difference in electrical pressure be-
tween the positive and negative sides
Of the current. and the amperage,
which is the measure of the strength
OF the current flowing" the service man
explained. High voltage will give
spark, but when it has been taken from
low voltage battery it won't do any
otner work such as operating the horn
motor. For running the starter motor
we need as much amperage as possible,
SO we provide heavy cable to furnish
an easy path for the current We in
sulate this heavily, not 50 much be-
cause OF leakage, but because the cable
Is able 70 rub against the hoorboards
and ctafe"
Out of this incident motordom well
coined another woman driver who ap-
preciates the Importance of pressing
the starter button firmly so as to make
good contact and permit an easy flow
OF current. Too many drivers touch
the outton too lightly and too inter-
mittently.
have just been talking with a won-
an who claims she skidded her car for
the first time in her dozen or so years
OF experience at the wheel. Better
late than never, but an early skid has
its advantages In that it teaches eau
ton as nothing else will The man
who originally taught me to drive pur-
posely made the car turn completely
around on wet wooden paving. He also
showed me how TO correct a skid by in
stantly steering in the way the rear
wheels want to slide. I've saved my
self time and time again because Of
this early incident.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15

has long been urged on all State
Legislatures. Despite the fact that
there Is no logical reason why
each State should not extend this
courtesy to the motorists of every other
State, a majority of the States have
failed thus far to enact the necessary
legislation" declares Thomas j. Keefe,
general manager of the A. NJ A.
The initial step, however, to enact
this legislation is now pending before
the Legislatures of Louisiana, Tennessee,
Kentucky. Ohio, Mississippi. Arkansas.
Kansas, Texas, Alabama, North Caro-
lima and South Carolina. This proposed
legislation should receive the active
support Of every motorist. not only in
the States involved, but in other
States" Keefe declares.
This proposed reciprocity license law
viii provide that private passenger cars
may be operated during any current
year in any Of the States that adopt
the law, provided the owners have
registered the cars under the laws of
their respective States" the A. N. a.
statement points out. =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
CHARGE OF LOW TAX
ON BUSES REFUTED
National Association of OPP.
orators Denies Conten-
ton of Railroads.

Charges from railroad sources to the
effect that bus transportation is not pay
ing sufficiently high tax for the use Of
the highways are refuted In wholesale
fashion in a study Of motor bus taxes
completed after a Nationwide investi-
cation by the National Association of
Motor Bus Operators.
Two Contentious.
Two contentious are set forth in the
protest Of the bus operators against the
demand for higher taxes:
First, that the real aim of those spon-
Soring increases Is to destroy motor bus
transport and deprive thousands of
communities of the only fern of public
transportation available 20 them.
Second, that the common carrier bus
is more than paying its way, in that
general taxes, from the standpoint Of
investment, are equivalent to those paid
by the railroads, and that special taxes
levied on the average bus for the use Of
the highways are 20 times those paid
by the average automobile. and more
than SUFFICIENT to meet highway costs
attributable to the presence of the bus.
The association pointed out that these
special levieS now amount to $576 q
year per ous.
Tax Burden Increased.
Moreover, this tax burden has in
creased ITO per cent In the last flve
years." said the statement, "as COM
pared to an increase Of only % per cent
in the number of common carrier buses.
Aside from these special taxes paid to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
AUTO STEERING UNIT DERIVED
FROM PLANS OF PREDECESSOR
Motor Vehicle Patterned After Wagon, AL
though Airplanes and Ships Have
Rudders In Rear.

rear when the car Is in the process
Of making a turn, and each OF the two
front wheels swing on a pivot at the
end OF the axle. One advantage Of the
stationary front axle In the automobile
lies in the possibility Of concentrating
the load near the wheels instead OF In
the middle Of the axle. Also, the ease
with which It is possible to swing the
wheels from right to left facilitates the
steering of the car. 1t also enables the
body Of the car to be swung lower
and still be able to turn the car
around.
Pivots Near Hubs.
The pivots on which the steering
wheels Of the automobile operate need
to be placed as closely as possible 10
the hubs Of the wheels in order that
there may be as little leverage as pos
sible to resist breakage.
An automobile that is making a turn
is naturally moving in an arc of
circle. While In the buggy the front
axle always points to the center Of the
circle being described. in the automo-
bile only the pivoted ends point to this
center, but not, Of course, the axle. In
the automobile. when making a turn,
each front wheel Is perpendicular TO
a radius of the circle being described,
but both wheels are not perpendicular
to the same radius: consequently. the
rear wheels are parallel to each other,
as was the case in the buggy.
It is necessary to arrange the steer
ing apparatus so that the front wheels
are parallel when the automobile is
proceeding directly ahead but operate
at an angle with each other when max
ing turn. The pivoted axle ends are
called steering knuckleS" and each one
has steering arm projecting from It.
The ends of these arms are connected
by what is called a "tie rod" When
the "tie rod" is moved endways both
wheels will move along with It,
Maintenance Essential.
From the standpoint of safety TO the
occupants of moving car and to the
other fellow on the road. the mairte-
nance Of the steering apparatus is the
most essential responsibility of any
driver. The breaking Of any part of
the steering connection may cause more
wrecks than the breaking of any other
part of the car. Consequently, the
parts must be kept tight enough to
prevent wear, but not so tight as to
impede the facility Of directing the
automobile
The adjusting Of the steering ap-
paratus should be delegated to expert
enced individuals, but considerable
trouble can be forestalled by the lay
man owner if he would see that this
mechanism Is properly fabricated.
While cars differ in makeup there IS
always something on the steering sys-
tenn that corresponds to a grease cup,
which requires filling with grease every
5000 miles at least The best results
can be obtained by turning the grease
cup occasionally. Heavy oil should be
placed in the oil plugs at the same
time the greasing Is being attended to.
Mr.. Brokaw will be glad TO answer
any questions which readers Of these
articles may have.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
BY H. CLIFFORD BRoKAW,
Automobile Technical Advisor.

The airplane, a sort of offspring Of
the automobile, Is steered by a mocha
niSm which is located at the rear of
the machine. A ship is steered by a
rudder in a similar fashion. But an
automobile Is steered by changing the
direction Of the two front wheels, 1t
inherited this practice from its fore
father, the wagon. The practice seems
likely to remain, although one can
never tell how long any well established
mechanical habit will stay with us and
ton.
On Left Side.
In the United States the steering
wheel of the automobile is placed di-
rectly in front of the drivers seat and
on the left hand side Of the car. In
some Of the earlier years of the auto
mobile industry this steering apparatus
was on the right side. In countries
like England, where the people travel
on the left side of the road instead
Of the right, the steering devices Of
automobiles are usually located on the
right-hand side of the car. In the old
buggy arrangement the horse which
drove the vehicle was placed between
two shafts or nils. When the horse was
directed TO the right, the fills attached
to the axle of the vehicle turned and
the axle pivoted in such way as to
bring the buggy along In whatever di-
rection the driver desired. When the
vehicle is going ahead, without turning
either to the right or left, all wheels
move in the same direction. When this
direction needs to be altered, one way
or the other, the front wheels have to
be adjusted so that they are at an
angle with the rear wheels.
AS long as some angle Is maintained
the automobile will continue to vary
from the straight ahead direction This
variation will continue until the four
wheels are again directed in line and
the car proceeding straight ahead. The
difference between the old-fashioned
buggy and the modern automobile,
when 1t comes to making a turn, lies
in the fact that In the buggy the
front wheels were square with the axle
and the wheels and the axle moved
together out Of the straight-ahead di-
rection. In the automobile the front
axle remains stationary. as well as the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15

About the only thing automobile
dealers should offer on some old cars
Is a prayer.
A confession by a lusty business man
as to what he actually did after his car
skidded into double spin and landed
ar inst an embankment ought to be
heartening TO many woman who feels
q bit tirnid in driving her car over an
icy road. This gentleman said he
simply sat in his car for half hour
and thought he was one year old, cry
ing for exercise. His nerves had been
on edge through series of disturbing
skids. The last spin capped the climax.
He admitted he was scared green and
didn't care who knew it.
Now I'll tell one about a mother Of
three children who, while spinning
along a poorly lighted street, suddenly
noticed small child in the path ahead
OF her. When she managed to draw
the car to standstill the little tot was
standing with one hand patting a front
tire. 1t was that close.
On returning home her first incli-
nation was to put the car into the ga
rage and resolve never to drive again.
But her better judgment prevailed.
After dinner she went out. took the
wheel and drove around for an hour
by herself At every crossing an i'm
agtnary child darted out In her mind
she was constantly slamming on the
brakes and Juggling frantically at the
wheel. The last few miles were a lot
easier
She had forgotten most Of it by the
next morning.
Among the resolutions made back at
the flrst Of the year have you broken
the following:
The determination to let the engine
warm UP before swinging out into
tradic?
The desire to remember that your
own safety largely depends on how
much you take into consideration the
other drivers welfare?
The decision to drive in accordance
with the usage OF the road, or, in other
words, at speed that matches what
the average car Is doing under the par
ttctllar driving conditions?
When the family discusses the mat
ter OF having the car refnished in
some. newer, smarter color the woman
folk are the logical ones to remember
to raise the question as to how tn. -.eW
hue VIII harmonic with the interior
upholstery. Some bad clashes have re-
suited from overlooking this point.
The newest in interior detail for
smart cars Is the upper, or slide fasten-
er. for the door pockets, In combina
ton with small keyless lock such
noderniZed pockets offer a convenient
way to carry a few personal belongings
with assurance that they will not be
plfeEed when the car is garaged.
When q battery service man lifted
the front floor board an interested
woman owner noted the very stable
wiring from the battery to the starter
button and questioned the need Tor 50
thick a cable.
us this current 50 high that the wire
has TO be heavily insulated" she asked
FL don't know anything about the mys-
teries of electricity, but do remember
my son telling me never 70 touch the
wires 70 the spark plugs while the en-
CINE runs. He said the highs voltage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
UNIFORM LAW URGED
FOR NON-RESIDENTS
American Motorists Association
Points Out Need for
Reciprocity.

Full reciprocity and a uniform law
to govern nonresident motorists was
urged here last week by the Legislative
Committee Of the American Motorists
Association.
The need for this is apparent" the
association points out viewed in the
light Of the fact that at the present
time but l6 States grant full reciprocity
as TO registration of foreign cars. They
are Connecticut, the District Of Column
bia, Delaware, Florida, Maine. Massa-
chusetts, New York, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Ohio. Pennsylvania.
Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wash
ington and Wyoming
In the majority of the States for
eign motorist must re-register his au-
tomobils If he stays in non-reciprocal
State for more than go days. In many
Of the States he must re-register his
car If he stays In foreign State for
more than Is days.
"a uniform reciprocal license law
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15

Assistant Director Of Trafic and Charm
American Road Builders Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
URGES JAIL SENTENCES

Special Dispatch to The Star
BALTIMORE, February H. Motor
lists guilty Of drunken driving should no
longer BE- penalized by mere fine, but
should be given jail sentences In all
cases where such charge is proved
against them. in the opinion of Motor
Vehicle Commissioner E. Austin Baugh-
man.
"On1y through firm stand by mag
istrateS handling these cases can the
menace of drunken driving be reduced
to a minimum he declared
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15
ASST week the National Capt.
tai greeted Capt. Malcolm
Camnhell. the intrepid Brit

Campbell, the intrepid Brit
iSh sportsman, who literally
and f1guratively burned up the
sands at Daytona Beach in his
automobile racer at a speed
slightly more than 245 miles an
hour.
The new speed king deserves
every honor. Besides a suitable
vehicle, a mixture of great skill
and bravery was needed, in neither
of which capacities was the daring
captain found wanting. 1t was
fitting that a man of the captain
type was the individual to WreSt
the racing honor from it's former
holder, another brave Englishman
the late Sir Henry o. D. Segrave
What Price Speed?
Many motoring enthusiasts will
question the good of attaining a
speed of more than four miles
minute at such great risk to
ones life. A tiny rut, a sudden
gust Of wind, the bursting OF a
tire, or any one of innumerable
mechanical miShapS would have
placed the drivers life in instant
peril. And so people will ask is
the honor worth while, and what
can be gained by such a perform
ance? No comparable speed will
ever become practical on the
highways of the world.
One forgetS to think of other
pioneers also riSking their lives
at various times for the sport of
the thing and for what might be
gained in the future for others.
Pioneers as early voyagerS. set
tiers and men Of science-all have
placed their lives in peril for the
glory of achievement and accom-
plishment.
What, then, is there to be
gained for others by Capt. Camp
bells bullet-time run? 1t is the
further perfection of the automo-
bile and its equipment that will
follow, making the machine more
and more safe for users in the flu
ture. Mechanical parts that
gradually wear out or break down
in times of duress ultimately will
be made more durable, and SO
will be made safer. Tires come
under this classification particu-
larly.
So Capt. Campbells deed is of
use, and the future use of all.
Local and National Fatalities.
Recent fatality figures do not
show any promising signs. The
National Capitals percentage is
growing higher. Statistics for the
death rate from automobile acct
dents per 100000 for the SO weeks
ending January "a, 1881, give
Washington a rate Of III, against
a rate Of 1876 for the same period
a year ago. Baltimore is shown
with a rate of 1874, against 1876
for a year ago, and Boston 14.4,
against the year before'S figure
of 15.1.
The Department of Commerce
announces that during the four
weeks ending January "a, 1881, 81
large cities in the United States
reported 1856 deaths from automo-
bile accidents. This number COM
pareS with 664 deaths during the
four weeks ending January Is,
1880. Most Of these deaths were
the result Of accidents which &C.
Cured within the corporate limits
Of the city, although some acct
dents occurred outside Of the city
limits.
For comparison, the number of
deaths due to automobile acct
dents within city limits is desir-
able. Such figures are available
for the four-Week period ending
January "a, 1881, and for the cor
responding four-week period of
1880 for all Of the 81 cities, the
four-week figure in 1881 being 613,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-15

the States, which amount to TT cents
for every dollar invested in buses, ga
RACES, shops and terminals, the bus lines
are also faced with general and income
levies placed on them by State and local
governments, which amount to another
IL cents per dollar invested, and which
compares with the IL cents per dollar
invested that the railroads pay in all
taxes to these State and local govern
merts.
Ignoring this heavy tax burden, as
well as the fact that this form of motor
transport answers the public demand
for a frequency and economy and fexi-
bility of service which the railroad has
been unable to render, the rail carriers
now seek to deny highway users these
benefits from the $4,000, 100000 in
vested in roads"
Roads Not Damaged.
The statement continues:
Another feature CT the railroad
propaganda Is the argument that buses
destroy the highways. This, like the
claim that motor buses are subsidized,
is without foundation. Forty-seven of
the forty-eight States now have laws
limiting the weight of motor vehicles.
The average legal limit is 23,756 pounds
for four-wheel pneumatic-tired We
hicles, or twice the weight Of the aver
age intercity bus. These weight limits
were established upon recommendations
made by State highway departments.
whose engineers are aware of the effect
of bus transportation en- highways. and
who are in agreement that the weight
Of the modern bus is so distributed that
it does not damage the roads.
THE railroads have every right to
relief from restrictions that serve to
hamper their progress, as well as SYM
pathetic consideration Of their manifold
problems in meeting present conditions,
but this cannot be gained by seeking
to offset and destroy the natural ad-
vantages Of highway transport"
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19
DO YOU
 SUFFER WITH HEADACHE !?

So easy to get quick relief and pre- vent an attack in the future. Avoid bromides and dope. They relieve quick ly but affect the heart and are very dangerous. They are depressing and only give temporary relief, the cause of the headache still remains within.
 The sane and harmless way. First correct the cause, sweeten the sour and acid stomach, relieve the intes- tines of the decayed and poisonous food matter. gently stimulate the liver, start the bile flowing and the bowels pass off the waste matter which causes your headache Ask your druggist for red pkg. of Carter's Little Liver Pills.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19
MINING ENGINEER THINKS H|GH|Y PLATINUM GROUND
 hT COODNEWs BAY AREA

A tourney which lasted about seven weeks was completed by Irving Mex Reed when he re- turned to Fairbanks after making survey for the Territorial min- ing department of placer mining operations in the lower kuskok- vim district and, to a more limit ed extent, in the lower Yukon country, says the News-Miner.
 From observations m de and conversations had with mining men on the trip, MT. Reed will write and submit to the Territorial mining department detailed re- port on the country which he visited.
 MT. Reed thinks highly of the platinum ground at GoodneWs Bay. Had platinum maintained it's price of $1OO an ounce, he said every miner there would have made from $7 ,00O to $15,OOO each this summer.
 At present water is somewhat short and dead work was being done while he was there. Good news Bay platinum is found in connection with meridium which brings the total present price to around $50 an ounce.
 Comparatively little prospecting has been done in that section as yet and MT. Reed believes the country warrants further develop ment. The ground is wet and thawed and bedrock has not been reached, as there are no drills available. Bedrock is proba bly, not 25 feet below the surface.
 Six men are working on Clara Creek, four on Squirrel, two on Platinum and one on Fox. All are using hand methods of labor.
 There is comparatively little work being done in gold placer mining with the exception of Bear Creek, where the New York-Alaska Dredging Company boats are op- erating.
 The whole lower country is ex- periencing shortage of water resulting in slowing down or ces- sation of work everywhere except at Bear Creek.
 It was so dry at Marshall that mining men had come into town from the creeks. On one creek 1t was said. it was just barely possible to secure drinking water
 Mr need didn't go to the Idit- arod but he was told many men are idle there because of lack oi water.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19
POTLATCH NEXT MONTH

Chestochina natives may have a "potlatch" next month. The Chitina Native Council thinks that they had better have no more of these affars in the future; a few of the older natives still cling to the potlatch idea; the younger generation do not want them. Some feel that the young people are right-that surplus money had best be expended for flour, beans and bacon-that the warm blan- kets be used for home consump- tion in stead of gifts, reports the Cordova Times.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19
FAREWELL LUNCHEON

Honoring Miss Virginia Hawkins and Miss Betty Balderston, who have been visiting their parents for several weeks past and who shortly will return to the States for school, a farewell luncheon was rendered them Tuesday after noon at the Leslie residence. A host of friends were present.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19

Let us enlarge your favorite snap shot. ALASKA SHOP
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19

Have you tried our Seattle Ice Cream? Dry ice-packed. Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19

The much discussed bO0k-"The We'll of Lonliness" now available at the Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-08-19

Subscribe to The Seward Gate way, the only paper in Alaska continually publishing Alaska feat ure stories and articles.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-02-12

charge. The Lutheran league held a
social with programs at the home
Of Mrs. c. (. Redlund.
Special services were held in the
Mexican Catholic church.
Rev. Grant a returned Presby-
terrain missionary conducted q SIS.
class III the high school building.
He Is also a teacher III the high
school here.
The Methodist Episcopal congre-
CATION held their usual meetings
with Rev. Olsen, pastor
Rev. Grant addressed the Ep-
worth League on the Relations OF
Nations. After this he left to
hold preaching services in Ray
mOndville. Special music was rem
dered at the evening service By the
league choir. A violin solo was Civ
en- by Mrs. Travis Stating.
Announcement Of the Joint mu-
steal program Of the Lutheran Lea
que and Epworth League 10 be Civ
en- on Thursday evening Feb IL III
the First M ". church az 8 30 To
commemorate tine occasion OF Lin
coins birthday
The Ladies Aid was held In the
church on Tuesday evening Of last
week.