davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06

The upper picture. shows 223, 400
 dOnkcys. If you read the text,
 you may be able to decide how many goats are numbered in the
 lower picture.
 one thing 8wtieh makes that
 better than a guess is the fact that all through history, most people have counted by ''tens." We have 10 fingers, if we count
 thumbs as fingers.
 The "score" is believed to have come from counting toes as well
 as fingers. to give a total of 20. The hundred is common fig-
 both hands 10 times. we have 100. People in ancient Egypt used a mark which 0suggests finger for
 the number "i.".A their arith-
 metic system srew,. they made a simple straight mark for IT." and used, clear picture of a finger for the number of Il 0.000." Thus one Anger stood for as large
 number as all the fingers of 1000 people.
 Pictures found in the tomb of an Egyptian king show groups of cat tie. donkeys and goats. Tho artist
 wanted to give the number of each kind of animal. There were 123,44O
 cattle and 23S,50O donkeys. | An arch stood for "1O" in ancient Egypt. A spiral figure, looking
 something Ike a coiled rope, stood for ts100,' There. were great num- bers of lotus flowers in ancient Egypt, and the lotus was used for A sketch of a pclliwog or tad pole was used to stand for HOO, ,O00.' z School pupils may enjoy little contests In writing Egyptian num- bers on the blackboard. If (Serapb6ok club members may
 paste tIAs article under the head l ing History.)
 T0.morrow- E3ab bylonian Numbers. UNCLE RAY. lAt There are nearly 20O,OOO mem- bers tof Unc2e Rays scrapbook | Club. If you wiah to join send a stalmpeQ self-nfIdressed envelope f0 Uncle Ray and ask for fzlus- trafed Direction Leaflet and 1881 Menibership Certificate.
 I(Copyright 1881 Publishers synoi-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
Uncle Rays
 Corner
ANCIENT NUMBERS LIN EGYPT

This week want to take you back thousands of years, so we may see the numbers used by people of olden times.
 When men first learned to count, what did they use to help them: No one was around to write down the event, so we do not know fof certain; but we, may guess that they counted their fingers.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
POST BUYS INHALAToR

Dent, Minn - Members of the local post of the American Legion here have purchased an inhalator for emergency use in cases of drown- ing, when someone is overcome by carbon monoxide or other deadly gases. and in cases of suppressed breathing. @s Y
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
-[o]-

Extra! Another physical director arrived in Waterbury this morning Leader J Both the director and hs directing mother doing very nicely thank Charles Jr the Waterbury hospital and announced his arrival with generous display of lung His daddy of the most popular youngsters village and the Red Triangle The Tower offers congratulations around And little child shall Leader them.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06

The hand was played at dupli- cate auction and South, the dealer, in some cases opened with one heart, while at other tables three hearts was the first bid put in by South. But at practically every table, East overcalled the hearts with spades, South then going to four hearts which closed the auc- tioning.
 At contract. South should open the contracting with three hearts as all he normally needs from his partner is possible trick to go game. North would take the dec laration to four hearts. 1t would then be too dangerous for West to overcall with four spades
 The Play
 As the hand was played at auc- ton, West opened his partners suit, the six of spades, dummy played small, and East won the trick with the jack. East continued with the king of spades and West discarded the three of clubs. East comes right on with the ace of spades. East and West have now taken three tricks. West feels that his ace of clubs might be a trick winner, but in case that South, the declarer, is out of clubs, he can see no possibility of defeating the declarer's contract. As he holds jack. ten and small trump, he therefore discards the ace of clubs, knowing that his part ner will lead a club which will force . the declarer to trump. If declarer trumps small, West can over-trump with the ten spot. If declarer trumps with the ace or king of hearts. West is bound to make his jack or ten of hearts.
 East leads the four of clubs. De- clarer, hoping for break, trumps with the ace of hearts. West dis carding a small diamond. The nine of hearts is then led by declarer, West covers with the ten, forcing the queen in dummy. A small heart Is returned from dummy, deciarer goes up with the king, but must grant West his jack of hearts. West. by discarding the ace of clubs, a possible trick winner. and creating for himself sure trick winner in trump, defeats the de- elarer's contract one trick.
 lcopyrisht. l9sO. NEA Service. Incl
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
10 r.

Tall Tower Topics We enjoy what you have about moving picture programs the Tower column will continue dis cus things There always somebody who thinks because wonderful Like you, I've be shown Moving Picture Fan.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
EASY ON THE EYES
lsY THE MAN rN THE TowERD
Good evening.

A daub of paint powder rare
 Tossing the look of an don't care, Dresses that cuddle ankles sleek,
 It's the new model flapper, take peek.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06
{M:}R|[lJE

BY VIM. k. MCKINNEY Secretary, American Bridge League
 While an ace is generally con- sidered a sure trick winner, there are times when this trick may be doubtful, so one of the opponents in the following hand takes no chances but gets rid of his ace, thereby making certain that he will win another trick
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06

MT and Mrs George N. Belury of Baldwin street have returned from a visit in New York city and Jamai- ca, l.. I.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06

The upper picture. shows 223, 400 donkcys. If you read the text, you may be able to decide how many goats are numbered in the lower picture.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-06

Mrs. Hugh E Thompson. and daughter, Miss Helen Thompson of Pine street are expected home this with MT. and Mrs. Percy beForest Warner of the jCountry club road at their home in Tucson, Ariz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26

friends than all his life of circus tours
If you should ask Mr.. Sherwood for
a sketch Of his life he will say:
"Oh, was born in Ohio, the home
OF Presidents, in 1856. Circus came to
town in 1857 and didn't think I'd be
missed in family of eight boys, so
ran away and apprenticed myself to
Dan Rice, the daddy Of all the great
clowns. finished my apprenticeship
in 1870 and joined the Barnum Circus,
where I remained consecutively as an
acrobatic clown until 1893 when mar
ried minister's daughter and quit"
But If you will prod deeper than this
sketchy resume you will find incidents
of astounding Europe by proffering his
hand to Queen Victoria when she at
tended a circus performance. And
what's more, receiving q handShake and
smile from her majesty; Of aiding
ragged kid, in jeans and barefooted, to
sneak into the circus, stuf1ng him with
candy and soda pop cas- punishment"
and Of this same ragged kid later be-
coming Vice President Of the United
StateS-ThomaS r. Marshall, and re-
membering the clown for giving him
the "happiest and sickest day Of his
boyhood."
And these are but few incidents In
a life made rich by genuine friendships
cemented under the big top" between
a vari-painted clown and freckled kids,
pop-eyed, who have since become lead
ers and made history.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
|. T. & T. FACES
U. S. RADIO PROBE
Foreign Ownership Consolidated in
Recent Mackay Mergers to
Be Investigated.

An inquiry to determine whether the
International Telephone g. Telegraph
Corporation, ranking second only to the
Radio Corporation Of America, has vio-
lated anti-alien ownership provisions of
the radio act by joining forces with
Swedish communications interests will
be undertaken by the Federal Radio
Commission.
Swedish Interests Join.
Section IL OF the radio act provides
that no licenses for radio stations
shall be granted alien companies or
companies having aliens on their boards
or owning more than one-flfth OF the
capital stock of the radio licensee. 1t
is under this section that the COM
mission will inquire into the I. T. & T.
transaction, since the company is the
parent Of the Mackay Radio g. Tele-
graph Co.. holding scores of trans
oceanic radio, ship ashore and other
external communication licenses.
A report received by the Commerce
Department from Trade Commissioner
3. D. Dahl at Stockholm gives de-
tails Of the transaction by which the
L. M. Ericsson Telephone Co. Of Sweden
and the I. T. 81 T. are said to have
exchanged stock having a par value
of about 100000 in connection with
joint communications projects in for
eisn countries, particularly Mexico and
Argentina. This report has been
brought TO the commissions attention.
Commission IN Recess.
Chairman Charles NICK. Salt2man Of
the commission and Col. Thad H.
Brown, its general counsel, both are
absent on vacations, and the commits
sion is in recess until September, but
It was said at the commissions officeS
that the matter would be investigated
thoroughly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
ONLY 10 new RADIO
STATIONS LICENSED
Total Of Broadcast Plants Re-
mains About els in q. S.
Commission States.

OF the hundreds Of applicants who
pounded the doors Of the Federal Radio
Commission during the past IL months
for the privilege of establishing new
broadcasting stations, exactly 10 won
their battles.
These new stations have been
authorized by the commission to take
the air upon showingS that their COM
munities did not receive adequate radio
service, and therefore were entitled to
the franchises. Despite the licensing
of the new stations. however. the num-
Der OF stations on the air-about els
remains the same today as it was q
year ago
A study Of commission records dis
closes that these new stations were
authorized during the 1891 fiscal year,
which ended June 81. In every case,
the assignments were made i'll States
which were, and still are, delinquent
in broadcasting facilities. The Davis
amendment to the radio. act requires
an equitable distribution of facilities
among the 48 States, according to their
population.
Altogether the commission estimates
that 1t received some $4,000 applica-
tons Of every character during the
past IL months. BroadcaSting appli-
cations probably made up 5000 of that
number, of which a fair share was
for new stations. All of the applica-
lions did not come up for formal hear
ing, since the commission notifies all
such applicants that their chances for
procuring new stations are virtually
nil, and that the broadcast band now
is damned full.
Under commission policy no new
stations may be assigned States now
having their quota Of facilities or more.
June 80 records show that as States
have less than their quotas and that
the remaining IS States are over quota
In varying degrees.
Pennsylvania, Michigan and Vermont
each acquired two additional stations
during the fiscal year. Single grants
were made in the cases Of New Hamp-
shire, Alabama, Vermont and Montana.
The quota" records show that Pennsyl-
vanta is the most under quota State in
the Union; lacking TAO units. A unit
Is the equivalent of one station Of 1000
watts power operating full time, with
other classes of stations rated in unit
value on this basis Michigan Is 2.48
units under quota: Vermont, 040: New
Hampshire, 0.51; Alabama, lit; Maine,
0.02, and Montana, 048.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Major Radio Features

! SPORTS.
Base ball scores WRC, 500.
SPEECHES.
~The Worlds Business" by DR.. Julius
Klein. WMAL, 500: Devils, Drugs
and Doctors" by DR.. Howard w.
Haggard. WMAL, TOO; Our Gov
eminent" by David Lawrence, WRC,
CLASSICAL.
gilbert and Sullivan gems. WRC, 400;
Lewisohn Stadium Concert, WMAL,
$50.
VARIETY.
Choral Orchestra. WRC. TOO: Tony
PARENT and his singing saxophones,
, WMAL. 1870; South Sea Islanders,
WRC, 1890.
DRAMA.
S6oonshine and Honeysuckle, WRC,
400: Daddy and Rollo. WMAL,
$50; Big Brother Club, WRC, S:45.
HIGH LIGHTS ELSEWHERE.
&oo-The Fur Trappers; musical pro-
gram WABC, WNAC, WCAU
and Wink.
tgafto; Bonn Alley, tenor, and
Freddie Rich's Orchestra -
3 wABC, wFBL. wEAN, WNAC
and wCAU.
G3o-Theatrical Scrapbook, Fanny
Ellsler" - WIZ, KDKA, WON,
WRVA and WSR.
R.00-MelodieS: Betsy Ayres. Mary
Hopple and Wilworth's Ensem-
ble-WJZ, WIZ, WBZA, WHANd,
WJR, KDKA and KYW.
R:I5-Sea Chanties; male octet and
accordion soloist WIZ, WBZ,
WHANG, KDKA, WJR and VINO.
R:S0-Harbor Lights: tales of an old
sea captain-WJZ, WBZ, VIDAL,
wLW, WJH and KDKA.
Aelb-The Stag Party; Harrison Knox,
tenor, and Nat Brusiloff's Or
{ chestra - VIDAL, WIZ, WBz,
= WBZA. WHAM, KDKA, WJR
and WLW
R;I5-"World Adventures" by Floyd
Gibbons-WJz, KDKA, WBAL,
KWK and WBZ.
A:SO-Slumber Music; Ludwig Lau
rier's String Ensemble - WIZ,
WBZ, WBZA, WHAM, KDKA,
WJR and WLW.
IRO:OO-Clyde Doerr's Saxophone Octet
WIZ, WBAL. WHAM and
WGR.
NsOo-Henry Theis and his orchestra
VIZ, WBz, WJRN GQKAs
Ia Wal Af6 WEeM -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
S O S SIGNALS COST
RADIO TIME REBATES
Commission Upholds U. s. Laws
for silencing Ether Despite
Opinion to Contrary.

When an SOS message is flashed
from q ship, whether 1t be bona fde
or spurious-arld there have been many
Of the latter attributed to rum runners
seeking to divert the Coast Guard and
thus land their Illicit loads-it not only
means that broadcast listeners residing
along and near the seacoaSt are de-
prived Of radio programs from certain
stations but it also means q dead loss
to the stations themselves.
The hroadcaster must foot the bill
when required to sign OF due to dis
tress calls. He must rebate the cost
Of the time sold to q sponsor If he is
carrying o commercial program, and
he must pay the talent whether it goes
on the air or not. Worse even than
that, he must offer profuse apologies to
the radio audience-and even apologies
and explanations Of the rigid require
are often of little avail when Amos
n Andy or similar popular features
are suddenly cut of.
Though some Coast Guard officials
are Of the opinion that the silencing Of
broadcasters is no longer necessary 10
insure clear reception Of OS signals
on the 600-kilocycle distress frequency,
and though some broadcasterS want
the restrictions upon them made some
what less rigid, Federal radio oficials
stiii If old tvna ~nd ar3;t an hroa 4
bands Of freo,iencieS Rnoadcsst trans
missions thew saw not only would
make retention Of the distress signals
from shins dificult but would render
the reception of renlies IN the shin
receivers uncertain hecause of the moor
selectivitv Of MANY shin receivers
Moreover. thew saw an absolute right
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Classification of Smoke.

More attention is being given in Lon
don to the matter Of smoke than ever
before. it being realized that the pres
ence of the pail over the city Is largely
due to the smoke discharged from the
chimneyS Of the city. A really scien~
tific Investigation into the subject Is
being made at the present time and, It
is announced, "a hopeful result already
attained is the extent to which the
amount of tar in the smoke affects its
opacity. This, it is thought, may prove
simple basis for differentiating be-
tween smoke that constitutes a legal
nuisance and smoke that does not AL
though the experiments may be unsuc-
cesSful in their primary object of es-
tablishing an optical method of meas
uring the density of smoke, they will
probably yield valuable results in the
problem q controlling tho emctencg Of
&n@ eUaabutaon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
LAYTON WILL TALK
OVER OCEAN RADIO
British Economist Will Speak
on Radio from London
Via WMAL Today.

Sir Walker Layton, one of Great
Br1tain's leading economists, speaking
from London today in Columbia's
weekly international program, will dis
cuss the recent negotiations Of seven
world powers to relieve Germany in
her financial crisis.
WMAL will carry Sir Layton's ad-
dress from IL 80 to 11:45 o'clock this
morning. This will be followed by the
regular concert Of the Vagabonds.
AS a special feature WMAL will join
with a number Of other stations in
broadcasting at noon a Watch Tower
program from the Coliseum 81 Column
bus, Ohio. The principal address will
be made by Judge j. +. Rutherford,
who will speak on The Hope of the
World"
Stadium Concert Tonight.
Columbia attractions on WMALs
schedule tonight include the LewiSohn
Stadium concert, the Chicago Variety
program and Ann Leafs organ recital.
From Its own studios the station will
present q recital by Maxine Snavely,
soprano, accompanied by Martha
THE serenade for String" from
Mozart's Zine Kleine," will be played
by the New York Philharmonic
Orchestra in the stadium concern. An
other selection Is tone poem OF
Richard Strauss, Death and 7ransfgu-
ration"
Ruth Etting Back as SOloist.
Ruth Etting. Broadway musical
comedy star, returns as the guest SOLO
tst with the Choral Orchestra in Its
weekly broadcast tonight over WRC
and other National Broadcasting Co.
stations. The program contains 16
selections, most of them of a popular
nature. Miss Fittings contributions in
clude Cigars. Cigarettes" one OF the
hit songs Of the current "Follies."
The remainder of WRC's program is
made up of the regular N. B. C.. at
fractions. These include the dramatic
serial, "Moonshine and Honeysuckle,"
a concert by the Goldman Band and
dance music by the Palais dor Or
chestra.
VOL will broadcast the morning serv-
ice of the New York Avenue Presby-
terrain Church in addition to several
musical programs. The program of
WJSV contains it's regular religious and
musical features, and the Watch Tower
program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Real Champion Of the Air.

When we are discussing the mastery
Of the air, we are liable to give the
credit to some member Of the bird fam
lily, but recent tourist says the dragon
fly deserves the credit. The dragon ny
is found in great numbers In Guiana,
and it is said that they keep the mos
quito best in check. The writer says:
There are big dragon flies in the
Guianas When our hydroplane swooped
down and came to rest in the middle Of
Demarra River at Georgetown, there.
were big, blue darner' dragon fiieS
coursing about over the river in some
numbers, and they looked like minia-
ture biplanes. They we're industriously
picking mosquitoes out of the air. They
could fly as fast as we in our plane,
and. in addition, they could stop and
start and dodge and turn and hover
stationary in midair with facility that
we can only envy. Theirs is the COM
pletest mastery of aerial navigation. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26

time" writes James in Radio
Times, British Broadcasting Cor
poration periodical, lis the pro-
nunciation of foreign words, and
more criticism is received on this
point than on any other question
of pronunciation. The problem
bristles with difficulties, and it is
not quite so easy to solve as many
Of the critics think. Let us ex-
anime it briefly.
News Of Importance comes
from a hitherto relatively un-
known place in Spain-Jaca. The
announcer wants to know, very
naturally, whether he is to call it
Somethink like 'Haca,' or 'Jaca'
with an English y He knows
what the Spanish pronunciation
Is, because 1t is part of his duty to
know the elements OF the pronun-
citation of the principal languages.
What is he to do?
IF he says 'Haca,' q large ma
jority of his listeners, not know
ing Spanish, will fail to realize
that this is the place referred to
in their newspapers as 'Jaca.' If
he gives purely English version,
he will be criticized by everybody
who knows Spanish, and the Brit
ish Broadcasting Corporation will
be taken to task for doing the
wrong thing. He is on the horns
Of a dilemma.
HE dare not give places like
Madrid, Granada or Barcelona
their Spanish pronunciations be-
cause to do so would merely be
snobbish pedantry. And, suppose
the place is not in Spain, but in
Mexico, or NChile, or Argentina.
what Is he to do then? Can we
expect him to know, for instance.
that certain letters may stand for
one sound in Spain, another in
Chile, and yet another in Mexico
and Argentina? Then he may be
uncertain whether he is dealing
with Spanish name or a Portu-
gueSe name, in which latter case
the whole sound values of the let
tiers may be different from the
Spanish.
IF we remember that the an
nouncer frequently has to make
his decision rapidly and seldom
has time to refer to a gazetteer, or
a Universal Pronouncing Diction-
airy (which does not exist we
may not be surprised if he does
the best he can and gives us a
purely English version"
A MONG radio novelties was the
"A recent interview of Stella
Willins, world champion woman
typist, over Columbia by Albert
Tangara, six times champion and
present holder of the world
championship all-around tipping
record for both men and women.
Miss WillinS, who has Just re-
turned from a European trip, dur
ing which she toured England for
month at the request of the
British Business Mems ASSocia-
ton to demonstrate her skill, was
asked what test sentence was used
best these days to replace the old
Now is the time for all good men
:. ETC." Miss Willins said that
"a quick movement of the enemy
fleet would jeopardize six gun
boats" was a comprehensive test,
containing all the letters of the
alphabet.
Let's hear it." said Tangara.
and Miss Willins started to finger
the keys before the microphone.
Hmm, that's pretty fast" the
champion commented. It was
only at the end of the broadcast
that he discovered he had been
hoaxed. What he then saw on
the otherwise blank sheet of paper
was 1T is the duty of a man to do
me a good turn, and if he can he
Is to do so"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Spain Has Radio Ministry.

Possibly in anticipation of playing
host to the nations Of the world during
the international conference OF all radio
using countries in Madrid IN 1882, Wnen
the Washington convention OF 1927 VIII
be brought in keeping with advances IN
radio in the last i've years. the new pro-
viSional government OF me Spanish
munications to replace the Bureau Of
the Interior Department which, under
King Alfonso, regulated all communica-
lions and mail services.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26

Bob Sherwood,
last of the beloved
10 wn 6 of Bar
NUNS Circus, and
later a writer of
memories Of the
saw dust trail, is
facing this expert
ence in broadcasts
for the National
Broadcasting Co.
In the studio,
Mr.. Sherwood finds
his antics do not
go over the air, "
but his mellow,
drawing voice in
songs Of boyhood
and circus lore,
has created q
uroo for at1dia1,oa -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Poland Has New Station.

Poland Is covered like a blanket"
by its new 120,000-watt broadcasting
station near Warsaw, according to a
report received by the Commerce De-
partment Using more than twice the
power allocated to the biggest Amer
dean stations, the Polish transmitter
ranks among the most powerful in the
world. Radio subscribers" now reg
istered in that country aggregate $780,
900, an increase OF more than 27,0a0
as compared with 1890.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
Ships Telephone to Shore.

Radiotelephones are already in use
aboard Swedish ocean vessels for con-
tact with the shore telephone systems
while they are sailing the Baltic Sea,
ana now the Swedish-Amerlcan Line Is
planning the installation of telephones
aboard It's Atlantic vessels. Sweden
Coast Guard uses radiotelephony for
communication between It's Hghtshtps
and tia mainland, ---.-...-c
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-26
English Police Sets Fit Pocket.

Costing about $40 each, the new
pocket police radio sets designed by c.
L. P. Dean Of Slough, England, proved
highly eflcient in recent tests. A warn
ing note on his pocket buzzer informs
the policeman on his beat that q mes
sage is coming through from headquar-
tiers. The set weighs less than two
pounds and has an effective range Of
100 miles.