davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13

eternal character of this individuaiism.
Though it is $ rule incomparably larger
than the holding of the European peasant,
the farm of the poor American farmer is
still too small to make profitable individual
use, for instance of a combine, even if the
farmer had the money to buy one. Yet this
combine by its very existence and use else
where lowers the cost of production of grain
and thereby reduces the poor farmers in
come Therefore even the poor American
farmer will have to look toward collectiviza-
ton of small farms to make possible the use
of the most modern farm machinery. This
is the only possible method to lower the cost
of production for the poor farmers The
need for such collectivization in America
grows daily. It's growth undermines the
natural individualism" even of the Amer
lean farmer.
Tractor Breaks Down Peasants Fence
and Individualisnl.
With the fence around his holdings will
also gradually break down the mental capt.
talist fence around the ideas of the Russian
peasant. AS the primitive implements which
can only be used individually on small hold
ings are exchanged for modern implements
which demand the breaking down of the
fences between the small holdings and also
demand collective efforts of the peasants,
there will also take place a change of the
narrow individualist peasant of the capital
ist days into the collective agriculturist of
socialism. The economic fact of the tractor
causes the political fact of death to the
peasants individualism. Therefore the Five
Year Plan tackles the problem of socializa-
ton of agricultural production and of the
agricultural producer with an extensive pro-
gram of collectivization of the small peasant
economies throughout the country by means
of the tractor.
Of the present population of the Soviet
Union of ABOUT 161 millions, approximately
125 million are rural (agricultural) popula-
tion. This rural population is distributed
over about rs million individual farms. Less
than million of these farms are kulak
holdings. The rest are poor and middle
peasants. The present quota for collectiv-
ization of agriculture of the Five Year Plan
demands that so per cent, or about 60 mil
lion of the agricultural population must be
gathered in collectives by the end of 1881.
At this moment in May, 1881, this quota is
already fulfilled. At the beginning of the
Five Year Plan, in October, 1928, 23 per
cent of the Soviet peasant holdings were
collectivized. On April 20, 1881, ALL per
cent had been collectivized
This collectivization also undermines the
existence of the kulak The kulak is the
village usurer. According to an apt Amer
lean expression the kulak farms the farm
ers. The colectivization of the small peas
ant holdings is making the poor peasant
economically independent of the kulak. At
the same time it rapidly increases the pro-
ductivity of farming. These facts make the
kulak an entirely unnecessary public nuis-
ance The workers government deals with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE

tCONIIN UED FROM FAGE ONEl
bomb barrage was laid down by so
to rs deputies and Legionnaires. They
charged the crowd and arrested IA
miners and organizers. Many women
and children were entirely overcome
by gas. The Sheriff's forces were
armed with machine guns, sawed-off
shotguns The workers stood massed
on the opposite side of the jail for
one hour and then left with organ
izers shouting instructions for mass
meetings at every mine today.
Belmont County authorities voted
$4,000 for added deputies to break
the strike. Thousands Of unemployed
here are starving as there is no re-
lief.
A conference of coal operators, the
Governor. and the Attorney General
will be held Thursday to discuss the
strike situation, announced tn t
troops. we're kept ready to dispatch
to the strike area.
The United Mine Workers Of Amer
let has a united front with the OPP
orators here the same as in Penn
sylvania. They tried to hold a meet
ing Of 300 miners yesterday at Long
Run, but the miners took over the
meeting in the name of the National
Miners Union. All five Hanna mines,
the biggest company in the district,
have struck. Five hundred miners
in the Shinnston area, West Virginia,
struck yesterday.
The attitude Of the authorities was
shown yesterday in a statement of
the Belmont Sheriff: "No quarter
will be shown radicals from outside
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13

The yesterdays article showed that the Sow
lets use their power to build Socialism and to elm
mate capitalism in Russia. Capitalist economy pro-
duces for profits and therefore unemployment
and starvation. Socialism produces for need and
therefore will do away with unemployment and
starvation. The Five Year Plan is tremendous step
toward Socialism. 1t proceeded by the NEP.
The NEP followed Communism. The article
shows the respective roles of War Communism, the
tEP, and the Five Year Plan in construction of
Socialism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13
STRIKE SPREADS TO WEST VA;
SOME OPERATORS OFFER TERMS

the county who have come from out
side the county to freighten peace
full working men into leaving mines"
AS a matter of fact, every National
Miners Union organizer here works
in Belmont County mines.
A statement issues here tod by
Bob Sivert. District Secretary of the
National Miners Union, protests the
and children, and demands the with
armed assaults on miners, their wives
drawal of the armed forces of county,
and state and professional thugs of
the coal operators from the strike
area.
An Ohio and West Virginia mine
strike conference will be held at
Roma Hall, Bellaire, Ohio, Sunday at
10 a. m.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13

The history of all hitherto ex-
isting society is the history Of class
struggle.-MARx.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13
Lewis Pleads Hoover Step in

An Associated Press dispatch from
indianapolis, Indiana, dated June IL
tells of a letter sent by John L. Lewis,
president Of the United Mine Workers
of America, in the name of the ex-
exutive board, to President Hoover
urging him to call national con-
ference of mine operators to work
out national plans for breaking the
mine strike under the leadership Of
the National Miners Union. Lewis
offers the UNIV as "an effective
agency in meeting the eMgencies that
demand such action" In short, Lewis
proposes an extension of the strike
breaking activities of the NMU Of
ficials in view of the spreading of
the strike to Ohio and West Virginia
He is definitely out to help the OPP
orators cut wages.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13
Districts! "SaVe Daily"
Tag Days June 20, 27, 28!
Make Preparations Noqv!

National Tag Days, June 26, 81 and
% for Daily" benefit should be kept
in mind. This does not mean that
other campaign work must stop. The
drive is half over and yet only one
third of the $4,000 has been raised
Make preparations NOW for the
above dates but don't let it interfere
with other work. The Daily" is still
in very critical condition. There
must be no letting down in activity.
REMEMBER THE DATES! 49,. E.
Solidarity of Negro and white
workers in the campaign for $4,000
will pull the Daily Worker out of its
! financial rut and make it an even
greater fighting organ in behalf of
the working class. The Importance of
united front in defense of the
workers paper is made clear in the
following letter from a comrade in
New York:
Because / feel the solidarity of
Negro and white workers, /, white
worker, a few days ago, helped two
Negro workers to get jobs at the
same place that l was working. On
the next day one Of these two Negro
workers wanted to present me with
81. I told him I was not CRATER
and spoke to him about the Commu-
mist movement which unites under
its banner of struggle Negro and
white workers. He was pleased with
the idea and they both agreed to
send the Daily Worker the 50 as sub
scription for this Negro worker. I
am sure he will soon join our ranks"
BUILD d. w. IN SOUTHERN
STATES.
The Scottsboro "Sacco- Vanzetti'
case, the Youngstown, o., National
Youth demonstration attacks, the
Post Knickerbocker Crusade
against the Soviet Union, miners
strikes in the Pennsylvania coal
regions, strikes all over the coun-
try against wage cuts, ETC., makes
the necessity of keeping the
Daily alive responsibility
which every class conscious worker
must keenly feel. Solidarity in de-
Tense of the Daily" in its hour of
distress will save your revolution
airy paper-Negro and white work
ers! Rush support funds at once!
The Scottsboro case presents a
splendid opportunity for organizing
Negro workers into D. w. clubs. AL
ALBANIA workers should be made ac-
quainted with the struggle Of their
brothers in Western Pennsylvania
and in other sections. Why have
Wednesdays totals went up STA
A friend of the Daily Worker in tn
had borrowed $500 from, cancelled
the money. Otherwise the days to
decline from the previous day. Thi
tagging of activity in the districts
the figures shows it.
District 2 New York, with 1T
raises its totals to within $500 of its
But not a single other district has
though the drive is half over. Dis
which spurted the day before, drop
! (Minnesota) has been pretty dead.
troit) improved slightly over the pre-
| at a snail's pace. District IL tCalii
on Tuesday, found the effort too mi
A special wire to District Is, tell,
manding immediate action, has evil
forgotten. Workers of Districts
rally to your Daily!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-13

there been so few extra bundle or
ders from the South since the case
opened? AND why so little activity
in the campaign for $4,000 from
this district. Only $1251 has been
raised to date in the whole of dls-
trict II. The stand of the D. w. ir
the Scottsboro case is well known In
every state in the South. There is
no reason why more funds should
not be coming in.
How to Build d. w. Clubs.
Seattle responds with some inter.
esting points on D. w Clubs. ThiA
district is still far behind in the
Drive, $7367 having been sent in to
date on a quota Of $1,000 but the
new D. w. Agent, P. M, promises
fast action from now on.
The d. w. Committee" he writes,
Should see that all subscribers are
visited for donations, renewals, and
asked to come to readers meeting
at which time d. w. Club will be
formed. All mass organizations
must be visited; collections, pledg-
es, subscriptions taken. Each Org.
to elect their own committee, ar
range affairs and plan Drive on
their own membership and con-
facts for Daily benefit. Must
also send authorized delegate to
readers meeting and as many
members as possible
WARNING is given to keep track
of every new contact made and re-
ports sent in twice week.
cat the first meeting" continues
P. M, "the D. w. Agent should give
short talk on the duties of the club"
Minutes to be recorded by secretary.
Care to be exercised SO as not to turn
the club into Party or trade union
work. Its function to be raising
funds, subscriptions, developing cor
respondents, etc. No bylaws, consti-
tuition or dues. Plain common sense.
Point should be raised of individuals
getting small bundles for systematic
distribution among shopmates, neigh
bors. Criticisms and suggestions for
improving Daily should be encour-
aged" concludes the letter.
Important Series Starts Today.
The second article by M. Bedacht
on the Holy Capitalist War Against
S. u" appears today This series
should be Immediately tied up with
campaign activity, Scottsboro case
Pittsburgh coal strike. Order extra
bundles for wide distribution!
Strengthen campaign activity using
series as base.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
Moving Wheels.

In the early days of the movies, it
was quite common to see q vehicle
moving on the screen in one direction
while the wheels seemed to stand still
or more in a reverse direction. This
phenomenon was due to the relation
ship of the speed of the wheels and the
shutter of the camera. It was soon
corrected, but the principle involved
has been made use of in the design of
a new instrument known as the Stro-
globow, which seems to make a moving
piece OF machinery to stand still for the
purpose Of investigation.
To obtain this effect the Stroglobow
shoots on the revolving objects q flash
OF light every time it has completed
one revolution, thus always making It
visible in exactly the same position.
The disc demonstrated moved at a
speed OF 1000 revolutions a minute.
The same number of light flashes sent
out in the same time appeared to the
human eye as continuous stream of
light, making the revolving object
clearly visible, but apparently notion
less. The duration Of each fash was
one-third Of a millionth of a second. In
other words, if the lamp would be
operated continuously through a whole
year 1t would actually light for but SO
seconds.
whirling propeller appears notion
less, although the breeze it stirred
made it quite evident that it was still
running at high speed Words printed
on the propeller were clearly visible,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

rent travel talks, was, to many, the
most interesting of them all, prin-
cipally because it deals with coun-
try but little known, a country far
from the path of the general tourist.
It was a grand finish to fine sea-
son Of lectures.
Words fail in the attempt to de-
scribe this visit to Adds Ababa,
capital of AbySsinia, and the colorful
throng that poured into this city for
the coronation of Halle SellaSSie I.
The majority of this great multitude
showed signs of the primitive.
Everywhere the marked contrast Of
the primitive with the civilized was
strikingly present.
Some of the customs and arts of
these peoples were shown by Mr..
Holmes, an odd one being that of
two gentlemen kissing each other af-
fectionatGly. Their art, though in
stage Of crudeness, was interesting
to no little degree. The oil paintings
were Of such subjects as 1.-The average
day Of the farmer" and were pam
eled of into a dozen or more sec
tons, each section showing some
thing of what the farmer did dur
ing the day.
4AC SOA OL1db1OA CCLcIIIOLlys o
grandioSe and gala event, was pho
tographed by Andre La Varre, Mr..
Holmes photographer, and is indeed
a remarkable film It is said to be
the only real picture in existence of
the actual coronation. In some cases
it seemed that near miracles were
performed to obtain such results.
Each of the dignitaries was caught
in turn by Mr.. Holmes camera-the
Duke Of Gloucester, an italian
prince, marshal of France and our
own American Minister. Indeed,
Mr.. Holmes let nothing slip that
could possibly be of interest.
The warriors Sresplendent in their
costumes and trappings, furnished
wonderful background of the old
Abyssinia, in contrast with the pres
ent day, for each held a military
rife of the latest make in one hand
while in the other he carried a shield
Of rhinoceroS hide. Across their
shoulders they wore a shawl of lion
skin and some even had garments Of
velvet. The ancient custom Of wear
ing the lion skin has been carried
into the new soldiery, and one might
see an officer of the new guard with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

the comic scenes gave that freshness
Of the student environment which
could be appreciated.
The cast was as follows: Viola,
Betty-Rose Sutton and Nadine
Brownfleld; sea captain, Forbes Bur-
CESS; Sir Toby Belch, Paul Kirby;
Maria, Gertrude Bunch; Sir Andrew
Aguecheek, Joseph Summers; Duke
Orsino of Illyria, John Caldwell;
Curio, Edward Kent; Valentine,
Paul Ward: Feste, the jester. John
Palmer; Olivia, Jane Rhoades; NAL
volio, William Rodier; Sebastian,
William Fitch; Antonio, Forbes Bur-
CESS Fabian, William Claudy; officer,
Jack Jones; pages, Jack Varela and
Everett Palmer; ladies-in- waiting,
Barbara Pierce, Virginia Pope and
Mary Williams; musicians, Dorothy
Donovan. Jean Westbrook, Horace
Drury and Fred Blachly. d. c. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

]. N. H.
Western High Players
In Shakespeare'S Twelfth Night"
DERFORMING on stage set with
l. the skill Of experts, players at
Western High School began last
evening a series of three perform
ances of ShakeSpeare's Twelfth
Night" with a reading which was
apparently letter perfect. This
achievement, rare in an amateur
production, is to be especially re-
corded to the credit of a well trained
group of ambitious students.
The selection of the great dram
atist's romantic comedy, which for
three centuries has been an object
of interest in the theatrical world,
had the effect of giving force to the
performance beyond the mere dis
play of skill by a school organiza-
ton. Renewing acquaintance with
the incidents of plot which has
furnished the background of several
pieces of theatrical fiction and with
the familiar text of enc of Shakes
peare'S most playful studies in
human nature, an audience may
we'll find pleasure in such perform
ances.
In addition, the fact that the
worlds great actresses have appeared
in the leading role, with talented
supporting companies, gave an OPP
portunity to emulate perfection in
characters which are more human
and more easily carried than those
of the more tragic plays Of the
Stratford school.
All the principals put energy and
discrimination into their work, and
those whose privilege it was to enact
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
New Scotch Sex War Looms.

Renewal Of the scholastic sex war is
feared in Scotland, where it has done SO
much to retard educational efficiency.
Men, apparently, are to make a deter
mined effort to abolish the present sys-
tenn which they say makes them, in
many cases, subordinate to women.
They declare the situation is one that
rnhs them of their prestige and gives
them no authority over the pupils. The
trouble is linked also with the old COM
plant that married women are retained
by some educational boards while men
hunt for positions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
World Trip in SO Minutes.

That one may travel around the world
by air rocket in SO minutes is the pre-
diction Of M. Robert Esnault-Pleteries,
the aeronautical engineer, in commu-
nication to the French Institute in
Paris. He believes the trip from Paris
to New York can be accomplished in "a
minutes. M. Esnault-Pelteries says that
rocket machines will soon replace air
planes in all long-distance transporta-
ton. and will even permit of travel be-
tween planets, should the planets have
habitable conditions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
Beauties of Carlsbad Cavern.

The Carlsbad Cavern in New Mexico
ranks not only with the worlds largest
and most beautiful, but also the best
trailed and best lighted. A high-speed
passenger elevator will be build In 1880
with funds provided by Congress.
Altogether some 81 miles Of under
ground passages have been surveyed
Its size is still a matter Of conjecture.
Its most impressive portion Is the big
room located about miles back from
the entrance. This rooom Is 1000 feet
long, with a maximum width of 625
feet, and at one place the ceiling Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
Lamp That Stops a Train.

With the general adoption Of the
automatic stop system, it is possible
that railroad employees may be equipped
with a hand lamp that works secret
ray which. when flashed upon an on
coming railway engine. will, by means
Of q special form Of light-cell switch,
bring the locomotives vacuum brakes
into action. This device has been in
vented by Maj. Raymond Phillips,
o. M. T., an Englishman, Who as far
back as 1903, invented a system Of auto
matte train control that was tested sue
ceSsfully on several railways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
From the Front Row
Reviews and News of Washington Theaters.

a cap quite like our own, but in
the upper part instead of cloth there
appears a close cropped lions name.
]. N. H.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

500 feet high. This is Just one of the
many connecting chambers OF the
cavern.
Although filled with formations both
delicate and massive, the most striking
stalagmite is the giant dome, 81 feet
high and Is feet in diameter, whose
resemblance to the leaning tower OF
Pisa is remarkable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

By the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, April II. - Ann
Christy, movie actress, failed yesterday
in an effort to collect $10073o damages
from the Herbert M. Baruch Corpora
ton for broken nose. A Superior
Court jury decided against her
The actress complained her nose was
broken when her automobile ran into
one Of the company's ditching machines,
parked and improperly lighted at the
roadside.
The corporation denied that warning
lights were neglected and accused Miss
Christy of contributory negligence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

terday q I t e r
noon to lecture
on 81 m p e r ial
AbysSinia. 1" I n
explanation of
his apparel he
told that 1t was
a gift from his
m a ] e S ty Ras
Tafari, King of
Ethiopia, W h o
requested that
he wear 1t be-
fore his Amer
lean audiences.
This lecture,
the latest addi-
tion to Mr..
Holmes roper
toire and the
last, of bis CIR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
Slapped for Saving Life.

For saying the life Of Miss Margaret
PribuSZ, Andrew Kovacs. a bookbinder,s
assistant in Budapest. Hungary, was re-
warded by resounding box on the ear.
Hearing shouts for help coming from
the third floor Of an apartment the
youth ran upstairs and caught the girl
Just as she had thrown herself from
the balcony above. She had had q vio-
lent quarrel with her mistress, and had
determined to revenge herself by q
spectacular tragedy" she upbraided
affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

The Mexican Indian is said to have
had no beast OF burden until the con-
Quering Spaniards gave him the little
burro. Until then a wheeled vehicle Is
thought to have been unknown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17
Burton Holmes
Imperial AbySSinia. "

~ ARBED in the picturesque
and colorful costume of the
Ethiopian noble, Burton
~ Holmes caused many in the
audience to gasp when he
made his appearance from the wings
Of the National Theater stage yes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-17

Java is said to be the most fertile Is
land in the world.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-07-24
PERSONAL

Mrs Henry Comuskey of Coe street, Miss Helen Doran of East Main street and Miss Helen Me- Carthy of Bridge street are spend- ing a few days in Brooklyn, N. Y.
 Mrs Arthur Harris entertained the members of her bridge club at her home recently in the form of n farewell party for Mrs Norman Tice of Albion street who will leave soon to take up her residence in Derby. High scores were made by Miss Bessie Smith and Mrs Harris. Those present were Misses Bessie Smith, Catherine Doran. Betty Sheehan, Helen Crean, Mrs Norman Tice, Mrs George O'Con- nor, Mrs Leo Phelan, and Mrs Ar thur Harris.
 pr. Leo Eggleton of Moosup ana Gene Eggleton of Philadeipnia have returned after visiting frienas in this city.
 MT and Mrs Norman Folsome or Lynn. Mass, were recent guests or MT and Mrs Raymond Shove or South Elm street last evening.
 The members of the guard team of Rebekah Lodge enjoyed a pan auet at the Valley Tavern recently. Those. attending were MT and Mrs Harold Manville, Mrs William Dick. Mrs David Holmes, Mrs John Schwartz, Mrs Henry Pensel: Mrs Alien Upton, Mrs Walter White, Mrs David Weaving, Mrs Jonn Dixon, Mrs Fred Nydegger, Mrs William Wood, Mrs DougIas weaving, Mrs Catherine Turren, Mrs Clara Kelly. Misses Ameiia Banek, Viola Slover, Ella Wiliaro and Adelaide Pope.
 Miss Margery Malone of Staten Island and James Finnegan ana Peter Riley of Staten Island were weekend visitors at the home or Miss Christina Quilters of Baldwin street.