davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

with the exception OF two
american companies, the AnacOn-
da Copper Mlning company and
the American Metals Company,
which have their main produc-
ton outside the United states and
are opposed 70 the tariff, and the
Kennecott Copper Corporation
which Is neutral. the entirs
American copper industry Is said
to favor 4 AfiH
0pponents Of the tariff believe
the report or the tariff commits
sion should show that costs Of the
American mines are no higher
than these Of the rest Of the
world. The difficulties Of tue
rest OF the American industry Y
Is con4anded, have not been
caused by foreign copper develop
ments. but By the current de-
preston and BY the failure o.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

We all knew that gold il
where yea find il. In the ear
" days Of Cripple Greek there
were outstanding engineers
who condemned the camp and
said IL would not prove perina-
nent. They maintained their
policy OF ultra conservatism
by turning down the greatest
gold camp in the world for
fear Of running their Feputa-
tions. That is the reason that
many a good prospect remains
idle. Some engineer, jealous
of his reputation for cOnserva-
tism. has condemned the pros
pect because it did not show
Ill the earmarks Of a certain
success. Development work IN
many instances has proved
that engineers can be wrong.
Now and then we note where
some engineer in q court Of
law, has the temerity TO term
prospect q fraud. II this
principle had been in vogue
10 the early days Of the West,
Denver would still be an In
dian trading post and the great
American desert woula stlll
cover the maps Of a great part
Of the trans Mississippi eoun-
try.
The fraud cases we have not
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

ed involving mining have been
rightly based on methods Of
selling stock and the pocket
ing Of money from stock sales
0y officers Of fraudulent
company. That is as it shonld
be. The case Is weak when il
is necessary 10 cali in some en-
gineer 20 say that a piece Of
property ia a mining district
has no chance to get ore The
engineer who makes such a
statement lacks experience.
Gold is where you find it and
any round Of shots may open
ore in . good mining prospect.
Thousands Of miners walked
across the ledge Of gold ore At
the Little Annie bonanza near
Summitville ia the San Juan
country Of Colorado. The mime
had been abandoned for years.
Engineers probably would
say in a court Of justice that
the Little Annie had been
worked out. But Jim piekens,
the prospector. found a new
bonanza in the ground. This
is one Of many such discoveries
where no ore was thoughf pos
sible Gold is where you find
il. II takes powder and steel
TO prove or disprove a piece
IF mining property
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26
TO D O.
RAD MONOPOLY

Discoveries OF important depos-
its Of pitchblende, from which
radium Is extracted. at La Bine
point, in the Great Bear Lake
region. Canada may break Bel
GUMS present world monopoly
on radium. It is declared IN In
dustrial ana engineering Chemis-
Try. journal OF the American
Chemical society
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

American mines to curtail pro-
ductiOn.
To these allegations, the spon-
sors Of the tariff reply that they
do not expect that q AGENT tar
if would Immediately raise the
price Of the metal here BY 4
cents: they feel. however. that
the duty would raise Quotatlonua
sufficiently 10 help American pro-
ducers. and that foreign copper
would be excluded.
SEND A CONTRIBUTION TO
-.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

KM 1HE MMWwHM Of TEE Es'rArN
NN NA8UME kM Deceased.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-26

SEND A CONTRIBUTION TO
THE sUNBURsT BADGER
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
axa VIZ AnN seO aeters W 410S KilocycIea
 New YOgak

s:OO-Special orchestra. E:2O-Santy Sam, songs. s:45-Lown orchestra. 6:O0-Frank Ross, songs. 6:15-Martin orchestra. 6:30-Connie Boswell, songs. 6:45-Health talk; Stretz orches-
 tra.
 7:o0-Skit-Myrt and Marge. 7:15-Bing Crosby, songs. 7:3O-Kaltenborn Edits the News. T:45-Round Towners quartet;
 Remarks orchestra. s:OO-Mills Brothers, songs. s:15--Lyman's band, with glee
 club. { S:3O-Kate Smith, songs. S:45-Your Child-Angelo Patrl. r9:00-Concert orchestra; Charles
 Garlic, tenor; Helen Board.
 soprano; Round Towners s quartet. g:30-Sketch. 2 eiO:OO-Trumpeters orchestra; Ed
 win c, Hill in the Front
 Row. .50:3O-Modern male chorus. l0:45-Fray and Braggietti, piano team. 11:OO-Reman's orchestra. 11:l5-Jack Miller, songs. 11:3O--Belasco orchestra. 11:45-Olsen's orchestra. 12:OO-Lombardo orchestra. 1z:3O-Panico orchestra. 1:O0-Abrams orchestra. 1:3O-Hopkins orchestra.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
Radio Notes

Russ Columbo, NBC's Voice From the Golden West, prizes a letter from James Rolph, governor of California, which says:
 For California, l wish to ex- tend heartiest congratulations When, over the National Broad casting company's system. I hear your theme song You Call It Mad ness, but I Call It Love, I know it Is time for relaxation and joy. You have a marvellous voice, and your soothing, mellow tones come in wonderfully to your listeners on the Pacific coast. California IS Very proud of San F'rancisco's son and wishes him long life of hap piness and continued success
 May Singhi Breen, of the NEG harmony team. got her first ukulele as a Christmas present; tried to exchange it for something else, and when the store refused, took it home to become one of the coun- try's luke" experts.
 Helen Handin, NEG actress, earned her first five dollars sing ing with a band in Salt Lake City
  ST, was the band leader.
 Dr Sigmund Spaeth, broadcast master of the worlds largest piano class, never took a piano lesson in his life. He studied the violin as a boy and picked up piano playing while a college student. His Keys to Happiness Program is heard over NBC-WEAF facilities each Saturday morning at 11:3O a. m, F. s. T.
 Ludwig Laurier, NEG conductor and director, once mixed pills and powders in a drug store to earn money for violin and music study.
 Barry Devine is slight youth of twenty-two, and weighs only a hundred and twenty pounds, but he has a deep, mature baritone voice which sounds as if it belong ed to a man twice his size. He sings on NBC's Woman's Radio Review.
 At the New York Players club, W. H. Sans, veteran trouper heard over an NBC-WEAF network each Monday as the father on the True Story program sketches, is fre- quently squelched, he says, when he gets to talking about his hobby cats! Sans has four.
 Events, summaries of prize win- ners and talks will be heard dur ing the National Farm and Home Hour over an NBC-WJZ network at 12:30 p. m., F. $. T., on Friday. December 4. from the International Livestock, Hay and Grain Show, Union Stockyards. Chicago, III. News about the National Congress of Boys and Girls All club, also
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03

"In Make a Happy Landing from Flying High" will be play ed during the Waves of Melody broadcast over an NBC-WJZ net work on Friday, December 4 at 10:45 p. m., F.. $. T.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
ASl WE "A GUU Weters w @68@$ Mtl0cycl
New Sork

5:00-The Jungle Man. 5:15-The Lady Next Door. 5:30-What Happened to Jane
 Sketch.
 5:45-Mountaineers music. 6:00-Empire Room orchestra. 6:30-Intervention in Manchuria
 James G. Mcdonald,
 chairman Foreign Policy
 association. 6:45-Stebbins Boys-Sketch. 7:00-Lumber Jacks quartet. 7:15-Dance orchestra. 7:30-Alice Joy, contralto; Paul
 Van Loans orchestra. 7:45-The Goldbergs-sketch 8:00-Valee's orchestra; Claire
 Madlette, soprano. 9:00-Dramatic musicale - Jo-
 ham Chrysostomus Wolf
 gang Amadeus Mozart. 9:30-Adventures of Sherlock
 Holmes-Sketch. 10:00-Coon Sanders orchestra; {;
 Denny orchestra; Walter
 Winchell. 1 1:00-Ralph Kirbery, baritone. 11:05-Coon-Sanders, orchestra. 11:30-Jesse Crawford, organ. 11:45-Calloway orchestra. 12:00-Richardson orchestra. 12:30-Moss orchestra.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03

Selections from Wagners "The Flying Dutchman" will mark the Slumber Music program over an NBC-WJZ network on Friday, De- cember 4 at 11:00 D. m., E. $. T.. with Ludwig Laurier directing his string ensemble.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03

The Sonata in G Minor, by Rene Becker, will be offered by
 Edward Kimball. organist, during
 the Mormon Tabernacle program over an NBC-WJZ network on Fri
 day. December 4 at 2:45 p. m., E. & T.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
e~v QRn~n@ 1850 Mefera " ~N~ KilOcycIe'
Hartford

5:00-Young Folks program. 5:30-Aunt Molly and Midge. 5:35-Ben Bronerwein, tenor;
 Pearl Kenig, pianist. 5:z5-AmbasSador 6:00--Frank Ross, songs. 6:15-Hotel Bossett orchestra. 6:30-Connie Boswell. 6:45-Orchestra. 7:00-Myrt and Marge. 7:15-Bing Crosby. r'7:30-H. V. Kaltenborn, Current
 Events. -.7:45-Morton Downey, Tony Wons, Jacques Renard's S orchestra. ~sS S:00-MiIls brothers. S:15-Abe Lyman's band; glee
 club; concertina players
 and comedy team. s:30-Time. S:45-Dr Angelo Patri. 9:00-Eugene Ormandy Presents. ~9:30-Drama. 1O:00-Trumpeters Edwin c. Hill
 "The Man in the Front
 Row" 10:a0-Haven Four. 10:A5-Fray and Braggiotti. 11:o0-Don Redmens Comics Inn
 orchestra. 1i:16-,Iack Miller, songs. 11:3O-Leon Belasco's orchestra. 11:45-Will Osborne's Club Del
 monico orchestra.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03

George McNabb. pianist, will feature the Concerto in D Minor by Mozart during the Rochester Philharmonic orchestra broadcast over an NBC-WJZ network Friday
 Dncemhe 4 at 3:1 J D. m.. E. s. T.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
On The Air To-day
sR2.e ~WWN aw0O
 Meeepn w @4~ kaiOeyclss Hartford

1s1g.1:OO = WTIC synchronized
 with WEAF on 660 k.c. (See WEAF for program.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03
WIZ x,,..y.... .ss
3D5 Meters
New York

5:00-Michel Gusikoff, violin;
 marimba orchestra; Scrap
 py Lambert, tenor. 5:30-Old Pappy, songs. 5:45-Little Orphan Annie-Skit. 6:00-Raising Junior-Skit. G:15-The Answer Man. 6:30-Raymond Knight, Landt
 trio and White. 6:45-Topics in Brief-Lowell
 Thomas. 7:00-Amos n Andy-Skit. 7:15-Jesters; vocal trio. 7:30--phil Cook, songs. 7:45-Famous Fallacies of Busi-
 ness--Merle Thorpe. S:OO-Dixie Spiritual Singers. 8:15-Rin Tin Tin Thriller-skit 8:30-Piclard Family, songs. 8:45-Sisters of the Skillet. 9:00-Julia Sanderson and Frank
 Crumit, songs. 9:3O-Lanny Ross, tenor; Don
 Voorhees's orchestra. 10:00-Horlick's orchestra; Frank
 Parker, tenor. 1e:30-Clara, Lu and Elm. 10:45-Paris Night Life. 11:00-Slumber music. 11:30-Russ Columbo, songs. .fo " iiitCs oE6hh 12:00-Mildred Bailey, songs. 12:15-H.nes orchestra. 12:30-Funk orchestra. 273m-WLWL, New YOrk-11OOk 6:00-Hilda Kutsukian, contralto. 6:30-Happy Troubadour. 6:45-Question Box-Rev Edward
 Hughes. 7:00-Arthur Flynn, tenor. 7:15-Isabel Hatfield, soprano;
 Lou Stowe, reader. 7:30-Timely Topics-Rev James
 Gillis. 7:50-Eucharistic Congress Plans
 George Edland. 7:55-Rudolph Forst, violin. 3SOm-WGY, Schenectady-790k G:00-Peyton orchestra. 6:30-Salter's orchestra. 6:45-11: :15-Same as WEAF. 1:15-Organ recital. II: :45-Same as WEAF. 12:00-Miles orchestra. 12:30-Peyton orchestra. 3O6m-KDKA, Pittsburgh-9SOk 6:15-Travelers music. 6:45-8:30-Same as WIZ. 8:30-Famous Beauties of His
 tory.
 8:45-11 :O0-Same as WIZ. 11:OO-Sport review. 11:15-Salt and Peanuts. :30-Dance orchestra. 12:00-Same as WIZ. 3O3m-WBZ, Springfield-98Ok 6:30-Mc Enelly's orchestra. 6:45-Same as WIZ. 7:45--Nat and Bridget-Skit. 8:00-Same as WIZ. 8:30-Cornwell's orchestra. 45-11:00-Same as WIZ. 11:O0-Sports review. 11:15-Egyptian Room orchestra. :45-Mc Enelly's orchestra.
 422m-WOR, Newark-71Ok 5:00-Kathleen Gordon, songs. 5:05-Beauty talk. 5:10-Fred Kinsley, organ. 5:30-Leonora Cori, songs. 5:44-Aunt Betty's toy shop. 6:00-Uncle Don. G:30-Sports talk. 6:45-Harry Salter's orchestra. 7:00-Relief fund talk. 7:O5-t'rances Langford, songs. 7:15-Demonstratio program. 7:30-Vincent Sorey's orchestra;
 Ralph Kirbery, baritone. 7:i5-Inside Stuff-Sketch. 8:00-Levitow's ensemble. S:30--Dance orchestra. 9:O0-Darling and Dearie--
 Sketch. 9:15-Male quartet. 9:3O-Dancc orchestra; Rosalind
 Conrad, contralto. 1O:O0--So This Is Love-Sketch. 10:15-Orcnestra directed by Lee
 Cronican; Basil Ruysdael,
 poet. 1O:4I-GlobC Trotter. :OO-Time; weather report. 11:O3-Eussian musicale. 11:30-Moonbeams.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-12-03

will be featured in addition to music by Harry kogen's Home- steaders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-17
JAPANESE STEAMER'BENEF|T FOOT BALL
land 7FEARED LOST CARNIVAL DATE SET
Only Trace of Vessel Found
by Searching Ships Is Deck
Load of Logs.
BY the Associated Press.


SAN FRANCISCO, October 1.-THE
japanese freighter Yonan Maru, with
its crew Of between 40 and so men, was
believed lost today, the only trace Of
the vessel found by three searching
ships in midpacific being part of its
deck load of logs.
The liner President jefferson, on
which Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lind
bergh are returning from the Orient to
the United States, reached the scene Of
the Yonan Maru's distress shortly be-
fore noon yesterday in response to a
series of frantic calls for help, but could
not find the ship. The President Jeffer-
son radioed:
Found deck load. but nothing else.
Cruised vicinity three hours in COM
pany with Ayaha Maru and Taigen
Maru, but no ships found trace Of any
thing except Yonan Maru deck load"
After cruising in the vicinity nearly
all day the three vessels resumed their
courses, deeming the search for the
lifeboats or wreckage as hopeless. Poor
visibility, caused by rain and heavy
seas, hampered the search.
The Yonan Maru, under command OF
Capt. C. Metsumoto, left Astoria, Greg
october l for the Orient with 100000
feet of logs and S.100 tons OF wheat.
The ship was Of 1854 gross tons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-17
MORE THIRD DEGREE
CASES REPORTED TO
COMMISSIONERS
Continued From First Page.)

feeling that the evidence it contained
might in some way interfere with the
prosecution of the 10 indicted police
men.
The general report. however, is to be
turned over to the Commissioners, it Is
understood, at the close of the trials Of
the l8 accused officers.
The case record was given to the
Commissioners in lieu of the general
report IN order that the Commissioners
could ascertain the extent of the bru-
tally scandal and take any disciplinary
action which they deem desirable be-
fore the completion Of the trial Of the
ID indicted policemen.
The case record Is a voluminous doc
ument and Mr.. Bride said he did not
know how long it would take him to
study its contents. He said he would
make it the first order of business to
prevent any delay in clearing up the
police situation
After studying the report, Mr.. Bride
said he would make recommendations
to the Commissioners. If prosecution of
any of the officers named in the case
report Is recommended, Mr. Bride said
he did not know at this time whether
these cases would be sent before a reg
ular police trial board or the extraordi-
nary civilian trial board created by the
Commissioners aoout a month ago for
the specific purpose of trying police
men involved in the Staples case inves-
tigation.
Following the conference with the
Commissioners, Attorney Genera
Mitchell issued the following statement:
With respect to the investigation
conducted by the Bureau of Investiga-
tion>of the Department of Justice into
third-degree methods in the Police De-
partment Of the District of Columbia,
1t may be said that the only general
report prepared by the bureau relates
TO those cases in which criminal pro-
ceedings have been instituted.
For obvious reasons it would be
improper for the department to give
publicity to that report while the
criminal cases are pending and IN
disposed OF. The department has Of
Tered to submit this report to the Com
missioners of the District. but only
with the understanding that no pub
licity will be given to it until the
criminal cases referred to in it are
disposed of.
THE Commissioners have advised the
department that they have no present
need for this report, because the sus-
pension Of the indicted officers Is the
only action the Commissioners can
properly take at present in these cases
All the investigation files Of the de-
partment relating to the third-degree
methods in the Police Department have
been delivered to the Commissioners OF
the District In order that the Commits
sionerS may examine them to determine
whether administrative action may be
necessary in cases which have not re-
suited in criminal prosecution"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-17

relatives and friends of the dead wom-
an. Meanwhile, the coroner had rem
dered his accidental death" verdict.
In one of her letters. Miss Wigginton
had given Pitts the license number of
her automobile, small coupe. Pitts
found the car IN Elliott's Garage, Sol
onions Island, where 1t was said the
woman had paid weeks rent in adj
At the same time plans were being
made to ship the body to Miss Wig
ginton's native city, Louisville, KY,
for burial.
Miss Wigginton's purse, containing
SIT, was found in the front part of the
automobile, but the back was locked.
Authorities announced they would
break open the compartment later in
the day in the hope it might contain
clues of one kind or another.
In the meantime, cousin of the
dead woman, Mrs. Oscar A. Sanders,
wife Of an Army lieutenant at Fort
Humphreys, Va, was preparing to 60
to Milestone Landing to claim the body.
Miss Wigginton according to Mrs.
Sanders, Is survived by two sisters, Miss
Mae Wood Wigginton of Denver, Colo,
and Mrs. Walter Beecher of Louisville.
My cousin SPENT Monday with me-"
Mrs. Sanders said, land she told me
she was planning to go to Sarasota. Fla.
From there, she said, she was going to
Denver to visit her sister. When I saw
her she seemed to be in fine spirits"
The investigation of the mysterious
death is being conducted jointly by st.
Mary'S County and Calvert County au-
thorities, for the reason that Miss Wig
CLINTON Is believed to have entered the
water near Solomons Island, which is
on the Calvert side of the Patuxent,
while her body was found on the st.
Mary's side. The river, at the point the
body was found, is only about a mile
wide.
Shortly after the inquiry was begun
a report was received that members Of
boating party heard a woman scream
a few hours before Miss Wigginton's
body was found. Authorities were I'M
able to confirm 1t, however.
Miss Wigginton, according to Mrs.
Sanders, had been living in Roslyn,
Long Island, N. Y, for the last two or
three years. Until about three weeks
ago, an Associated Press dispatch from
Roslyn stated, she was employed as
private secretary to Arthur Williams, a
utility man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-17
HOOVER 80 BUDGET
|. SLASHED TO BONE
President Commands Bureau
Heads to Revise Estimates
Sharply.
Continued From First Page.)

making its contribution toward ex-
panded employment while present con-
ditions exist.
IT fully realize that while govern
mental economy as a whole is strongly
desired by the public. yet every variety
of expenditure has its adherentS
throughout the country" he said, AL
of whom are naturally solicitous that
their special project should be contin-
ued, even In times of national diff
Guilty, and they are impatient Of re-
auctions or deferment or delays Of
their projects.
Public opinion in support Of drastic
economies will need to reach into these
directions. It must extend also the dis
couragement of special interests de-
sirous of securing expenditures for spe-
cial projects"
Meanwhile, it appeared likely the
Nays curtailed budget estimate, clip
ping millions from projected expendi-
lures, is headed straight for rough
weather.
An enormous proportion Of the say
ings suggested by Secretary Adams and
his admirals comes in shore activities,
employing many men, supplying trade
to many communities. Members Of Con-
gress normally set up great clamor
any time chat kind of cut is proposed
around their home towns.
Gladly Lose Some Stations.
Some Of the shore activities slated
for abandonment are Of a type the
Navy will gladly loose. The going Of
others wrings the hearts Of many a
bluff and hearty admiral.
When the naval budget cut off the
Navy Yards at Boston and Charleston,
S. c., it aimed at two expenditures
long on the naval list for abandonment.
They and others of the type had come
to be known in naval circles, and to
some extent outside, as political
yards. Often proposed for extinction,
consent has never been obtained from
Congress.
Now the admirals have put that prob
lem up to the President, and If he passes
yet said the suggested economies would
pass the Budget Bureau unchanged. In
fact, his latest comment on the subject
was that no one could say just what
would be presented to Congress.
Besides the yards, radio stations and
other depotS listed for abandonment the
Navy has slashed off numerous bands,
much valued by cities which do not
support their own. It has cancelled
the tour of the U. S. s. Constitution,
which was to yield gala days to many a
port.
Various Congressman doubtless. will
hear about it from their constituents,
and unless history fails to repeat itself,
their expoStulations will be loud.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-17
Games Will Be Played De-
cember 12-Griffith offers
Stadium.
tFrom Yesterdays $50 Edition)

Practical assurance that a foot ball
game, or games, would be staged at
Griffith Stadium on Saturday, Deem
Der II, with the proceeds going to the
local fund to alleviate unemployment,
was the outgrowth of a conference of
sports writer's representing the Wash
ington papers at luncheon today at
the University Club.
1t was the consensus at the meeting
which was suggested by George j.
Adams, executive secretary of the Dis
trict Of Columbia Committee on En-
ployment, that officials of Georgetown
University. University of Maryland,
Catholic University and George Wash
ington University be urged to arrange
for the teams representing these insti-
tutionS to participate in a program Of
gridiron activities. Steps to this end
will be taken Immediately.
Make Way for Benefit.
A benefit of this nature was made
possible by the action of the Tall Cedars
of Lebanon, represented at the confer
ence by John @. Slye, grand tall cedar
in deferring to the Employment Com
mittee and relinquishing the December
II date on which it had made tenta-
tive plans for benefit foot ball game
to be played between all-star teams
representing the SOuLn ana the NOrtn
as well as to the action of Clark Grit
fifth. president Of the Washington Base
Ball Club, in rendering the use of the
park free of expense for such project
Suggestions made during the course
Of the conference were for a game be-
tween Georgetown and Maryland, Cath
Ollie University and George Washing
ton, Maryland and George Washington
and Georgetown and Catholic Univer-
sity, as well as four-cornered carnival
contemplating three Commute battles,
with the winners In the first two con-
tests meeting in the final.
Program Depends on Schools.
Just what the program will embrace
depends upon the willingness of the
schools mentioned to participate, but
those in back Of the project are conf
dent an attractive program can be ar
ranged and that with a popular-price
scale adopted for all save the box seats,
which probably will be auctioned to the
highest bidders, a huge throng will at
tend land stable sum realized for
distribution by the committee, which is
endeavoring to find jobs for the jobless