davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
Contractors Use
Child Labor On
Dakota Highways
Children Of II Toll
ILL., Hours A Day
At Top Speed
lBy a Worker CORRESPONDENT

10y NoIkeT COTIeSpOnQenbb
WEST FARGO, N. D.-The Nc
Cornick Company, the contractors
who are doing the paving on the
U. S. Highway No. 10, are employ
ing boys from IL to II years old.
These boys comprise about one
third Of the working force. The
hours of work for these kids is from
S a. nj. until p. m, with only
thirty minutes for dinner. 80"
One lad went to sleep while at
work yesterday. The boss came
around and kicked him with his foot
and told him to keep working or &C
home.
liz Hour Day
For their Ill., hours of continuous
toll the boys get the high wage OF
s1.00. And they must work days a
week! This in the state that boasts
of having the most enlightened labor
code in the United States. There
is law on the books here prohi-
biting industrial labor by minors un-
der Is years Of age.
Body Breaking Toll -
Conditions for the adult workers
on this job are nothing better. Two
workers were very seriously injured
on the job already. The men are
forced to work like demons on pen.
atty Of being fired. They are forced
to work IA hours a day often, 1;
hours, as a rule, for 80 cents an hour
The toll is body breaking and nerve
wrecking. Men are continually quit
ting because they can't endure it,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
10000 JOBLESS
IN TOLEDO, OHIO
Brick lard Closes; All
Are Fired

Toledo, Ohio.
Daily Worker
Here in Toledo there are abou.
10000 workers out of jobs, starving
to death with their families, while
the city and county officials are get
ting all kinds of graft through the
fake relief schemes.
Buick Plant Closes.
The Ashville Block Paving Co.
which used to hire from SO to 10C
workers in their brick yard, has fired
everybody and the fake officials like
Ed Thatcher and the other city off,
cials are importing bricks from Has
tings. N. Y. to pave the streets 81
Toledo. Now we know why the cor
rupt capitalist politicians keep the
workers starving in Toledo. There Is
a fat graft in these imported bricks
Read to Fight.
/ am a machinist and a rea.
American. and I know what I an
talking about. We workers have
have been fooled long enough ano
we are not going to stand for it any
longer. We have just found the Of.
wee Of the Communist Party and the
Trade Union Unity League and We
are going to organize and fight
against these rotten conditions.
"A Worker Ready to Fight.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27

strike.
These miners told us they are 100
percent with us, but are afraid of
being throwed out of the Co. homes
The miners have their National
Miners Union and we women have a
club and are helping our husbands
to win the strike.
We have a relief committee or
ganized and many families are get
ting relief.
We will do all we can to win this
strike under the leadership Of the
National Miners Union.
MINERS WIFE.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
WESTERN PACIFIC CUTS
PENSIONS.
(By q Worker Correspondentl

(By a Worker Correspondent
SACRAMENTO, Collaborating to
In old worker who was on the pen
sion list Of the Western Pacific,
many of the pensions have been cut
off.
Most OF the old workers, who have
worked years for the Western Pa
cific. have been laid off and in this
manner have lost all right to PEN
sion Many Of the old ones who were
on pension have had their pensions
cut OF entirely.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27

the National Miners Union" The
bosses refused this, but we all stand
solid on this point.
For the last six months so miners
went to work with nothing but water
in their dinner pals. Those that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
Miners Solid for Recognition
OF the National Miners Union

had no lunch we're forced to beg for
sandwiches, and yet stand chance
of getting fired by begging.
Many of the young miners worked
from early in the morning until II
O'Clock at night. The mine company
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
WHY NOT FINGERPRINT
GRAFTERS?

Manchester. Iowa.
Daily Worker:
see that they passed finger
print law In Michigan. II they
passed 1t for the workers, why not
apply It to some of them grafters in
OUR state capitals? They that sell
themselves to the big guns. They are
the ones that ought to be finger
printed. Keep up the good work and
we will print their fingers.
A Worker.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
R.R. WORKERS STAGGERED AND
PUT ON A PAYLESS VACATION
BY a Worker Correspondent

tBy a Worker Correspondent
LIVINGSTONE, Mont, June 3D.
The Northern Pacific Railroad Shops
here are working only four days a
week now and the Milwaukee shops
at Miles City have put all their men
on sixty day payless vacation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
BOSTON TUBE RIVET
DRIVES WORKERS AT
A HIGH SPEED PACE
average Wage S13 to S14 a Week: Women
-J Work for 81 to SO
Operators Who Ran Four Machines Are Now
Forced to Run Five
average
(By a Worker Correspondent

BOSTON, Mass.-It is within year and half since
Of the Tubular Rivet Company went short time and NJ
Bray did ask if you could stand the burden He just
took it for granted that you should.
So his attitude is just the any other capitalist to
unload the burden of the crisis the shoulders of the slaves
in the factory This will make profits for himself and his
confederates,
also speeded the machines the manufacturing end
the game to the limit When the operators asked for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
MEMPHIS POWER CUTS WAGES
oxford, Miss.

Dear Comrades:
I just returned from Memphis,
Tenn, where I had few days work
painting. BY working IA hours q
day at top speed made ESQ day.
I learned from a salesman work
ing for the Memphis Light and Pow
er Company that the big boss from
New York had been down there and
had cut the wages In half.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27

Workers Correspondence is the
backbone OF the revolutionary press.
Build your press by writing for II
about your day to day struggles.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-06-27
VERSAILLES MINERS
STRIKE 100 PERCENT
AGAINST STARVATION
Miners Determined to Win Strike; Picket in
Eight Hour Shifts
Young Miners Play Active Role in Building
Strike and Relief Committees
(By a Worker Correspondent

VERSAILLES Pa-Here is experience in organizing
the strike at Versailles On the first day visited Of
the miners and discussed with them about striking the mine Of
the Hubbard Coal Company. We found that many miners
lived in Versailles decided to strike the mine the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

stal,ation Of rotating beacon lights viii
start soon.
In making this announcement today.
Col. Clarence NJ. Young. Assistant Sec
rotary of Commerce for Aeronautics,
said that when the lights are established
this section of the airway win follow a
more direct route than the original
course.
Under tne new alignment. the airway
will be routed as follows: washington.
Bowie. Baltimore. Edgewood Arsenal.
Newc ne, Del; Philadelphia Camden
N J.h, Trenton, SpringSton, New
Brunswick. Westfleld and Newark
Landing facilities are available at each
OF these points.
The beacon lights. it was said. viii
be located in the vicinity OF the follow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

United States Army Corps OF Engineers.
The tour, arranged byA the cfice Of
the Chief Of Engineers, Is being con-
Quoted by Maj. J. d. Arthur, District
Engineer.
After inspecting the filter plant on
Conduit road and the Arlington Me-
paorisl Bridge, two Of the Engineer
Corps largest projects In the city, the
cadets boarded the District boat Chi
cago, which took them to Little Hunt
ing Greek, where the Engineers dredge
Taacott is at work.
The young soldiers ate lunch aboard
the Tslcott and this afternoon were
proceeding down the Potomac to Cole
NAL Beach. where they will spend the
night. Tomorrow 1t Is planned TO go
down Chesapeake Bay to the mouth CT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07
MARITIME GIANTS
SEEK u. S. LINES
Three Groups interested in
Obtaining Control of
North Atlantic Fleet.
~ the Associated Press.

ny the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, August IA battle OF
American maritime giants for control
Of the United States Lines and its fleet
of North Atlantic ships doomed today
as members Of the Shipping Board con-
tinued their conferences on the pro-
posed sale of the lines.
Thus far three groups have shown
an interest in obtaining control OF the
lines, sale of which is being negotiated
because Of financial difficulties.
One OF the principal groups expected
TO submit bid for the lines is the In
ternational Mercantile Marine Roosevelt
Lines.
Joseph Sheedy, who has been con-
nected with the United States Lines
both as a stockholder and executive.
informed Chairman T. v. O'Connor OF
the Shipping Board that he has raised
$10,00O,000 in capital for immediate use
toward the acquisition Of the lines.
Await Arrival Of Dollar.
A Pacific Coast syndicate, headed by
Kenneth d. Dawson, is said to have
indicated a willingness to take over OPP
Grafton of the lines under a plan in
which they would not purchase them
outright, but invest some money and
assume managerial control.
In connection with the latter group
Shipping Board officials were awaiting
the arrival of r. Stanley Dollar, West
Coast shipping magnate, who Is on his
way to the conferences.
The United States Lines operates IL
passenger liners from New York 10
European ports. Among these ships is
the Leviathan---world's largest liner in
point of tonnage. =
Until two years ago the lines were
owned by the United States Shipping
Board because the ships comprising the
fleet had been seized from Germany
during the war,
Ask Government Aid.
In April, 1929, Paul w. Chapman,
bought the lines from the Government
for $16,300,000.
Hard hit by the depression, Chapman
and his associates found 1t impossible
TO operate the lipes without loss and
proposed that the Government tenn
porarily repossess the Leviathan and
several other ships. permitting Mr..
Chapman to operate them and granting
an extension on the Sill 900 900 mort
gage which the Shipping Board holds
on the United States Lines.
The Shipping BOARD opposed to tax
ing back the boats, but indicated a will
ingness to extend the mortgage as an
aid in the present emergency.
Chairman O'Connor said today the
board would make every effort to keep
the United States Lines under the
American nag and to protect its stock
holders no matter to which syndicate
It may be sold.
This statement was linked with the
fact that the International Mercantile
Marine Roosevelt group, although Amer
lean owned, operates some Of its ships
under the British flag.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07
PUBLISHER APPEALS
BAN ON PARTY ORGAN
Supreme Court Is Asked to Rule
on Communist Publication
Barred From Mails.

The Supreme Court was asked late
Yesterday to set aside an order exclud-
ing Revolutionary Age, organ Of the
Communist party Of the United States,
from the mails.
Benjamin Gitlow, president OF the
publication, who appealed to the SUI
preme Court, asked that tribunal to
decide whether the postal laws and
regulations are aimed to exclude from
the mails words which might incite
violence. He claimed that, constitu-
tionally, the prohibition applied only to
words or language which directly In
cited to violence.
The order which Gitlow sought to
have set aside was issued July Is, 1880,
and the postmaster at New York re-
fused to accept copies Of Revolutionary
Age for the mails.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

the Rappahannock River, up which
they viii 60 to Fredericksburg. Va. They
plan to arrive at Fredericksburg about
2 o'clock Sunday afternoon. Automo-
biles there win bring them back to the
District.
The cadets on the tour include d. p.
Gibbs, C. F. Harrison, z. C. coleman,
j. r. Messersmith, A. ]. Cooper, r. O.
FuQua, j. E. Bastion, H. @. Sparrow. d.
Gilbert j. NJ. Pittman, w. A. Hunts
berry, Harrison King and Harry S.
TubbS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07
MODEL PLANE MEET
PLANNED THIS MONTH
Opening Contest in Four-Day Com,
petition to Be Held August 81
! at Boiling Field.

A city-wide model airplane contest is
70 be held tomorrow morning at $50
o'clock at Boiling Field as preliminary
to the 1890 District OF Columbia model
aircraft tournament slated for August
81 to Septetiber 4, 1t was announced
today.
On Saturday morning of next week
another contest win be held at Stuart
Junior High School. Novices are not
eligible for the tournament and all boys
Of the novice class wishing to enter the
tournament should take advantage OF
these two meets to become junior pilots.
The tournament dates are August 81.
September /, and 4, and the planes
TO be flown include H. L. Scientific,
Flying True Scale, r. o. W.. r. o. r.
Fuselage, Glider and Helicopter, all to
be. flown indoors. Outdoors the follow
ing wiz be flown: H. L. Scientific,
r. o. W., Dynamic. Fuselage. Glider
and Helicopter. Awards are offered in
all classes. The judges are to be ayia-
ton experts Of national reputation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

Ing points: RiSerdale. Saunders, Benz
GIGS, Perry Point. Northeast. Glasgow
and Pigeon Point In Maryland; Croydon
and Morris, Pa, and Pedrichtown,
Paulsboro. Riverton. Ciarksville. Mon
mouth Junction. New Brunswick, Me-
tuellen and Linden, N. j.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07
WEST POINT CADETS
VISIT U. S. PROJECTS
Thirteen Start Three-Day Tour by
Inspecting Filter Plant and
Arlington Bridge.

Thirteen West Pointers, on furlough
to their homes in and near Washing
ton, started a three-day tour tsday in
survey of work beng carried. on BIZ the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07
SITES FOR. AIRvvAY
BEACONS SELECTED
New Alignment Of Lights Will
Mark Route Between Wash
ington and New York.

Sites have been selected for reRlign-
ment OF Airway beacon lights on the
Washington-New York section of the
Atlanta-New York airway, and the in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

The work Of Linnaeus, the celebrated
Swedish naturalist and botanist (1707-
78), Is considered as the starting point
of the modern theory of evolution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-07

ELLA" was the pseudonym under
which Charles Lamb. the famous English
essayist and humorist, wrote.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
BANKS
DEPOS|TSD|P

The Federal Reserve Boards
condition statement of weekly
reporting member banks in lead
ing cities on october IA, issued
Yesterday, shows decreases for
the week of $4,000, 900 in loans
and investments, $152,000, 900
in net demand deposits, $88 600
600 in time deposits, $27 ZOO, ,0cO
in Government deposits and $47,-
100000 in reserves with Federal
Reserve banks, and an increase
of $14O,OO0,0O0 in borrowings
from Federal Reserve banks.
Holdings of United States Gov
ernment securities increased $685.
100000 in the New York dis
trict and declined $4,000, 900 in
the Philadelphia district and $16,-
OOO.0 at all reporting banks.
Borrowings of weekly reporting
member banks from Federal Re-
serve banks aggregated $414,000,-
900 on october IA, the princi.
pal changes for the week being
Increases of $75,00O,O00 at the
Federal Reserve Bank Of New
York, $16,OOO,O00 at San Fran
cisco, SIS, ,00O, 900 at Philadelphia,
1000, 900 at Cleveland and $10,.
OOO, 900 at Chicago,
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO, Oct. 20 I.NSO-
Hogs-26,0o0; 10@15c lower; top,
$5.45; bulk, $4.85OS.30; heavy,
$5.1505.45: medium, $5.10@5.45;
light, $5.O005S5: light lights,
$4.75@5.1O; packing Sows, $4.65@
500; pigs, $4.50@5.OO; holdovers,
1000.
Cattle-8,OOO: steady. Calves
$500. Beef steers-Good and
choice, $8.50010.50: common and
medium, $5OO@8.50; yearlings,
$8.5O@lO.35. Butcher cattle-Heif-
ers. $4.O0@9.50: cows, $3.00@5.50;
bulls, $3.25@5.50; calves. $6.500
$50; feec/r steers, $4.00@7.00;
stocker steers. $37506.75; stocker
COWS and heiferS, $3.S0@4.5O.
Sheep - $4,000; 2Sc higher.
Lambs, $500 @ TOO; mmon,
$4.00@4.50; yearlings, $4.50@5.25;
feeders, $5.O0@5.50: ewes, $1,000
2.75.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
STRONG HANDS
. SEEN RULING
MARKET
Steady Climb Through Four
Consecutive Sessions Good
Augury, Spectator Holds
By THE SPECTATOR

NEW YORK, Oct. 20.--Main.
tanning itself right side up, the
market as measured by the 30
composite stock index of Standard
Statistics, has moved ahead for
the fourth consecutive session, a
record which has not been dupli
Gated for quite a time.
The total advance in itself has
not been such as to throw
spectators into a buying frenzy,
but the fact that stocks have
been able to wade through de.
creased earnings reports Of late
without so much as batting an
eye is clear-cut evidence that the
market is in strong hands.
Such extremely small turnover
as that witnessed yesterday may
indicate that constructive in.
terests intend to hold the list IN
check until some noteworthy
happening takes place which will
warrant a genuinely sharp up
swing.
The only other likelihood is
that a stand,still attitude will be
followed until the release of the
earnings statement and dividend
action by U. S. Steel one week
from today. This announcement
will just about terminate the run
of important third period income
reports, and should clear the
way for more aggressive activity
on the upside.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
c. Of c. To HEAR
S|LASSTRAWN

Business and banking condi-
tions and problems will be ana
lyzed from national and local
angles at the annual meeting of
thee washington Chamber Of
Commerce at the Mayflower to-
night.
Silas H. Strawn, president CT
the United States Chamber of
Commerce, guest Of honor, will
discuss conditions nationally and
John Poole, president Of the
Federal-American National Bank
and Trust Company, will speak
on conditions as they affect the
National Capital.
While the meeting in the large
ballroom will open at 8 p. m,
balloting for the election of a
president. first and second vice
presidents, and 10 directors will
begin at 1880. President Harry
King will make his annual re-
port. The meeting will be fol.
lowed by q buffet supper.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
BOTTOM PRICES
HELD NEAR

Although we have seen the
price tags on store merchandise
marked down again and again
since 1872, the decline seems 20
be about over, according to a re-
cent study by Investors Syndicate,
of Minneapolis.
During the last four months,
the average price of wholesale
goods has remained almost con.
slant, the review points out. The
number Of wholesale price de-
clines has equalled the number
Of advances, with the result that
the averages have shown every
evidence Of stability.
AS long as prices kept going
down, people were reluctant to
buy, feeling that they could OBJ
tain the same article later on for
less money by waiting. Similarly,
the wholesalers remained on the
sidelines as far as possible.
But with prices now giving
every evidence of having reached
bedrock. there appears to be lit
tie further advantage Of delay
in making desired purchases.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20

The gross revenue, net railway
operating income and net income
of the Chesapeake & Ohio Rail
way Co., together with operating
ratio, are shown in the statement
of operations for the month Of
September 1881, report for which
was sent to the Interstate Com
merce Commission today.
Gross revenues for the month
were $11,049, ,095, a decrease of
$1,O92,93 under September of
last year; operating expenses
were $6,231,477, a decrease of
$791, SIG, as compared with Sep
tember Of last year; net railway
operating income was $4.047, ,080,
a decrease of 1929 ,688 under Sep
tember Of last year.
The net income after all charges,
including sinking fund appropria-
ton for the month Of September,
was $3.316,193, a decrease Of $462,.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
HIGHER LEVELS
ON COTTON

NEW YORK, Oct. 20 GN.SJ.
The cotton market continued its
vigorous movement toward higher
levels today, as renewed buying
demand, influenced largely by
the strength in stocks, carried
the various options up the line
for average gains Of 50 cents a
bale.
Trading, which was active, was
featured by the buying Of De-
cember from a large spot firm,
this being attributed mostly to
price-fixing for mills Of the Far
East. There was considerable
trade buying from other sources,
here and abroad.
At midday, December was up
ii points at $40, January up l3
at 6.91, March up 8 at 7.08, May
up 9 at 1923, and July up S at
7A5
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
Fleming Discusses
Huue Credit Pool

Robert v. Fleming. president OF
the Riggs National Bank and IN
charge of organization Of the
District of Columbia Unit OF the
National Credit Corporation, was
called to Richmond yesterday by
John M. Miller, jr.. director OF
the corporation for the Fifth Fed
eral Reserve District.
It is understood that other zone
organizers also were asked to
meet the district director yester-
day to go over final details Of
organization. 1t is expected that
President Fleming will make COM
pleted plans public at the joint
meeting of the District Of Colum-
bia Bankers Association and the
Washington Clearing House Asso-
citation on Friday.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
Chesapeake and Ohio Nets
1886, 1913 in September

SIT under September of last year.
The operating ratio is 56.4 per
cent compared with 57.8 per cent
of September Of last year, or a
decrease Of IA per cent.
For the nine months ended
September 80, 1881, the Chesa-
peake & Ohio Railway Co. shows
gross revenues of $91, ,886,57S, a
decrease of $11,709, ,791. Operating
expenses were $56,851, ,S72, a de-
crease of $9,663, 1922. Net railway
operating income was $27, ,427 ,430,
a decrease of $2,586,971.
Net income after all charges,
including sinking fund appropria-
ton, is $21,122,04S, decrease Of
$3,926,215 compared with CORE
spending period Of 1880. The
operating ratio for the period is
61.9 per cent, a decrease of 2.3
per cent as compared with the
same PEI iod a year ago.
The Washington times., 1931-10-20
D. C.. Bankers Meet
With Nelp Officers

The regular meeting of the
District of Columbia Bankers
Association was held in the rooms
of the organization yesterday
afternoon, President Edward j.
McQuade presiding.
This was one of the four regu-
lar meetings of the year and the
first under the new adrniniStra-
ton elected at the last annual
convention. The meeting was
concerned with routine business.
Resolutions were adopted upon
the death Of the late Andrew
Parker,