davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1931-06-21
,A-Revived Dictatorship.

South American relationships, II
would appear, are not always set up as
q result of revolutions. Venezuela has
just restored to its presidential throne
Gen. Juan, Vicente Gomez, who has
been a virtually autocratic figure in the
country since 1908. Gen. Gomez went
through the form. two years ago. OF
permitting DR.. Juan Bautista Perez tc
assume the presidency, while he him
self remained In the government as
nominal cabinet oflcer-miniSter OF
war. That portfolio enabled Gomez to
retain his control Of the Venezuelan
army, for years the really ruling force
in the republic. Last week, at the de-
mand Of Congress-. DR.. Perez stepped
down and out. simultaneously Gomez
was elected to I'LL the 6nexpired term
Of the presidency, which runs until
1885. Gomez is. once again car at
Caracas.
Known as "El Benemerito," which
means "the well deserving" Gen
Gomez Is the most powerful figure
Venezuela has LNown since the notori-
Gus Castro, who y he succeeded. In
termittently Pres lent, dictator or COM
mander in chief Of the armed forces OF
the country, Gomez has ruled with an
iron hand. He brooked no opposition
to his reign. In the United States and
in Euorpe Venezuelans of one-time
prominence have lived for years as ref
ugees, railing from a distance at the
autocracy at Caracas but helpless to
undermine 1t.
Foreign governments. especially the
United States, with large interests in
the country, have had little cause to
resent Gomez'S domination of Vene-
zuelan affairs. His relations with the
outside world have been regularized and
been conSpicuously devoid of the high
handed practices which marked the ad-
miniStration Of his predecessor, Presi-
dent Castro. Venezuela has been de-
veloped under Gomez'S auspices into an
oil-producing region second only to the
United States.
Economic unrest throughout Latin
America touched Venezuela. too De-
preston. due to abnormal conditions in
the oil and coffee markets, led to g. ven-
delta against President Perez and his
succession by Gen. Gomez. Apparently
Venezuelans expect "El Benemerito" to
apply his talents and strong-arm meth
DDS to their benefit and bring order out
Of chaos In the diSordered business
world. Congress has voted him wider
powers than he ever had before. in
order that this purpose may be accom-
plished with minimum Of political in
reference.
Venezuela manifestly sees its saliva
ton in q benevolent dictatorship.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
Shipping Needs.

Due to the depression, American
shipping has been hard hit along with
the railroads. Reports from New York
indicate that the officials Of the United
States Lines, purchased in 1929 from
the Government by their present pri-
vate owners, are appealing to the Gov
ernment now for aid In the situation
which confronts them. The huge
Leviathan is the flagship Of the Meet,
which includes other important pas
senger liners.
These vessels were sold to Paul w.
Chapman, presidents Of the purchasing
company, and others, by the United
States Shipping Board, in conformity
with the plan to put the Government
owned American merchant marine into
nxivate ownership and operation under
the American nag. The terms made
to Ae purchasers were considered fair
und3 the circumstances. But hit as
the United States Lines are by the de-
preston and the great falling on In
ocean travel last year and this. they
would have had difhculty even If the
vessels had been made an outright
present.
The suggestion is now advanced that
the Government, which holds lien on
the vessels, should take hack this feet
Of passenger ships IN part or as q
whole. Another proposal is that the
Government should pay the United
States Lines for its services, costs and
risks-the amount to be determined by
past operating results and an estimate
Of the future prospects, with the COM
pany assuming complete physical and
financial responsibility for the opera
ton Of the line.
Conference of the officials Of the line
has been held with the United States
Shipping Board recently, but ofIicial
announcement regarding the conference
and the details has not been made. Nor
has there been indication Is TO what
policy may be adopted either by the
Shipping Board or by the United States
Lines,
Ever since the World War this country
has striven hard to build up an Amer
tcan merchant marine, privately owned
and operated. It has met with much
success. and the American nag fliea
over merchant vessels In all parts OF the
Evening star., 1931-06-21

world. despite the competition Of other
merchant marine nations. It Is par
ticularly to be regretted that depres-
sion In business hit not only the United
States but the whole world at time
when some Of the American merchant
lines were still struggling to reach a
solid basis Of operation.
The United States needs q merchant
marine under the American nag not
only to carry . large portion OF It's COM
merce but also as q measure OF national
defense. The lack of merchant marine
hit this country q serious blow when the
World War broke out and 1t was i'm.
possible to find vessels to move our
trafic.. and more seriously later, when
the United States became involved In
the conflict and 1t was necessary. to
ship supplies and men to Europe. At
a cost OF more than $3.00O, ,000, 900 the
United States built up q merchant
marine. Much Of it has been discarded.
built for emergency purposes and not
fitted for peace time commerce. 1t
would be serious thing for this country
now If American vessels were. swept on
the seven seas by the depression.
What the Government, through the
Shipping Board, may be able to do in
the present situation which confronts
the United States Lines, is not clear
at the moment, nor are the details Of
the situation known, but 1t Is quite ap-
parent that steps should be taken to
keep the American ships afioat and In
operation II that is possible.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Text: Faith Is the substance. OF
things hoped for, the Evidence OF
things not seen. n."--HebretUs, riI.
In the many contacts that have
with men and women Of every sort and
kind, it is refreshing and interesting to
note the methods or ways by which
they come to their religious convictions
and faith. In the main, men in par
tieular are not given TO making their
faith articulate, they hold 1t largely
IN reserve as matter personal to
themselves. Frequently those whose ex-
teriorS and habits of life betray no
marked evidence of deep religious con-
viction, will on occasion disclose q
depth OF religious feeling OF which we
thought them incapable. A striking
illustration of what we mean came re-
Gently under our observation In two
notable instances. One was a banker,
q man Of affairs, whose reputation for
sfrewdness and ability was widely rec
ognized. We had been talking of many
things quite unrelated to religion, when
suddenly he spoke with deep conviction
of the faith he had cherished from
childhood. In defending his faith he
cndeavored to classify It by giving 1t q
UNCONVENTIONAL name, but when we
ventured TO suggest to him that We be-
lieved his religious conviction was
somewhat other than the classification
he gave, he expressed surprise and dis
closed deep interest in this aspect Of
the question. He had evidently thought
Of his faith, through long years, as
finding its finest expression in the body
with which he was aflliated, but whose
limitations he disavowed. He was like
many men who have inherited what
they hold Of religion from the home in
which they were reared. He had never
given much consideration to the impli-
cations of the expressed belief Of the
particular church with which he was
Identified. In response to our query
concerning the breadth of his religious
convictions we found that he had a
ripeness, and maturity of belief that
quite exceeded that OF his ecclesiasti-
cal household. Beyond this he frankly
Evening star., 1931-06-21
RELIGIONS APPEAL
BY THE RlCHT REY. LANES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LII. d..
Bishop Of Washi6gton

stated how large a part the Christian
religion had played In all the concerns
OF his notable and eventful life.
A second instance was that OF an in
dustrial leader, whose success has been
pronounced, who was speaking to us
more particularly of that field of sery-
ice In which he has excelled. Without
any evident connection with what we
were discussing. he turned to the sub
ject Of religion and for q half hour
spoke Of its bearing upon his thought and
action. He literally preached sermon
to me from the text: Faith Is the sub
dence Of things not seen" "It is diffi-
cult for us" he said. ito express in pre-
else terms what we hold of religious
faith, but have always felt that tla,s
above text expressed 1t for me. After
ell, quite apart from all that we may
accomplish, in the way Of material ad-
vantage, the big thing, as ISsee 1t, Is
self development. Self-development can
not be effected without q deep religious
conviction. It is the substance of what
hope for and hope to be, the evidence
me the impulse to high thinking and
clean living It seemed anomalous
to US, in the face of an environment
that spoke Of large industrial interests,
and in the midst of busy day, to hear
this man expressing In his own way his
deeper feelings and convictions.
Nothing Is more evident Of late in
our field Of observation than the grow.
Ing and widespread interest in religion,
and the reverence with which men and
women approach the life and teachings
Of Jesus Christ. Every now and again
we hear some undiscriminating OBJ
server suggest that religion is witnessing
q serious decline. Every observation
that we are able to make contradicts
this statement. There Is just as much
heart hunger today for the truths as
contained in the gospels as this old
world has ever known. Sometimes in
lives that seem quite cold and unre-
-sponsive to the fine appeal or religion
there resides a faith that Is inarticu-
late neVertheless strong and rareuailino
Evening star., 1931-06-21
washington's Airport,


Decision Of the Weather Bureau to
move its local airway weather station
from Boiling Field TO Washington
Hoover Airport Is regarded as an i'm
portAnt forward step in the local de-
velopment of air transportation. 1t Is
important because it stabilizes local air
transport conditions, long left in q
state Of uncertainty owing to the long
drawn controversy oyer the merits Of
various sites suggested for govern
mental development as the Capitals
municipal airport.
Whether or not Congress decides to
establish an airport for the Capital, it
appears certain. especially in view Of
the contemplated action of the Weather
Bureau, that the Washington-H Hoover
Airport area will be the center Of the
Capitals civil eeronautic life for the
next few years at least.
The next step in the development Of
the Washington Hoover area will be the
closing of the portion of Military road
now dividing the available landing area.
That this step will be taken ultimately
appears certain and that it will be
taken within a year seems likely.
Opening of the Mount Vernon Boule-
ward will permit routing Of all trafdc
around the airport area and remove
the last real objection to the closing
Of the road. Closing Of the road will
permit extension Of one and possibly
two Of the field runways, improving
landing and take-off conditions for the
larger and faster air transport planes.
The plan to transfer the weather
station Is q recognition of the increas-
ing Importance of the air transport
activities now centering at Washington
Hoover Airport. The growth Of air
lines connecting the Capital with the
States has been phenomenal during the
past year. From point Of little promi-
nence on the aerial map Of the Nation,
Washington has grown in few brief
months to one Of the busiest Of aerial
centers.
Today there are fifty-eight transport
airplanes taking of or landing, every
day at Washington Hoover Airport on
timetable schedules. Transfer Of night
airmail activities from Boiling Field to
the commercial air terminal Is expected
to follow the moving Of the Weather
Bureau. station and will bring the num-
Der of. scheduled airplane arrivals and
departures to seventy every twenty-four
hours. This volume of trafic is Of
sufneient Importance to warrant the
fullest possible cooperation Of those
governmental agencies which have been
created to aid in the development Of
civil aviation. Important among these
agencies is the Weather Bureau, whose
announced plan indicates that the Gov
eminent is alive to its responsibilities
In fostering the development Of the
Capitals aerial ties with the Nation.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
Drought in West May
Improve Wheat Situation
BY HARDEN CoLFAx.

AS the result or drought conditions
in our Northwest and in Canada and
the reduction Of acreage in Argentina
and Australia, 1t begins to look as
though the prices of the wheat crops
of 1881 would be better-perhaps much
better-than those prevailing today.
At least. such is the opinion Of the
Federal Farm Board. The board,
moreover, according to a statement by
Chairman Stone, will continue to sell
abroad as much of the 1880 crop al
the markets will absorb without de-
pressing prices. The effect of sales
abroad on the home market is in doubt.
The board still holds some 200 100000
bushels from former crops and there
these longer, as possibly competing
with the new crop now moving to
markets.
At this writing reports from Amenv
lean and Canadian wheat areas indicat&
that the possible total loss from drougtA
may equal the estimated holdings G
the Farm Board. In some quarters 4
is contended that the failure Of thS
board to state quite definitely juzS
what it intends to do with the 200,S
o0o, 900 bushels now in its possession u
the main factor in preventing the mar
ket generally from responding to the
confidence in better prices resulting
from the short crops.
*
BY mid-June it had become evident,
from reports coming into the Depart
mepts of Agriculture and Commerce,
that drought conditions in the North.
west, particularly in Montana and the
Dakotas as well as sections Of Wash.
ington and Oregon, were already
threatening the wheat and other crops.
This region Is still under the handi-
cap of last years dry season, and
scattered rains reported during the past
week have not done much to better the
situation. The Weather Bureau, how
ever, does not expect such a general
disaster as was suffered last year"
Losses will fall heavily on the farms
er Of the Northwest. In the end, how
ever, they may prove q benefit gen.
orally in limiting production, at least
In limiting supplies at market, and so
k* *k
Several Senators and members Of the
House as well as private individuals
have been advocating during the past
few days an extra session Of Congress
to provide loans for the drought areas,
Up to the present loans have been
available from Federal funds to q total
OF So1,OUO,OOO 10 nnance crop produce
ton. Since paintings are now COM
pleted, however, the basis for making
further such advances no longer exists.
Therefore the advocates of new loans
urge the President to call an extra
session Of Congress for further drought
loans.
There has been much talk about an
American plan" for the next few years
to bring about the StabiliZation OF in
dustry and employment. Referring to
the idea advanced by Matthew Vol,
vice president of the American Feder-
alton of Labor, for such an economic
plan" Thomas Campbell, Montana
wheat farmer and consulting engineer
for the Soviet government on "mechan-
lied agriculture" now demands the
inclusion Of agriculture, In any such
plan. since the industrialization of
agriculture Is likely to be the next
great step In the development Of
American economic life.''
(COpyrigilt, iSaIl
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Department Of Commerce starts out to
reprimand every nyer who suffers the
misfortune Of crash In take-on or
landing. 1t viii have to devote most OF
its time to aviation. No. one will de-
liberately wreck ship. which neces-
sarily involves placing life in peril, SO
the reprinnand Of Miss EArhart for her
unfortunate accident seems unneces-
sarily severe.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

presence in London, is assumed to have
significance.
Mr.. Mellon describes his visit as pri-
vate and concerned with family afatrs,
but a large part Of his holiday Is be-
ing occupied with interviews with public
men. His first engagement on arrival
was a long talk in the House OF Com
mons with Premier Macdonald and
his Thursday engagements included
lunch with Montagu Norman, governor
of the Bank of England, ana o further
conference with Macdonald and Hen
derson. The London conversations can
not fail to prepare him for visits to
Paris and Berlin.
Meanwhile the dramatic intervention
Of the Bank of England in order to
avert financial catastrope in Austria
was the occasion Of much candid criti-
cism of the French attitude toward the
European crisis. Action by the Bank
of England was necessary because
France broke off negotiations for loan
to save the Kreditanstaldt, which was
responsible for 10 per cent OF Austrian
industry.
France laid down as a condition for
loan that the Austro- German customs
union be abandoned This demand was
made in response to an amazing cam
paign in the French newspapers that
Austria be compelled to accept French
political conditions or face ruin.
X 4 X
In view Of the fact that the ques-
ton of the customs union, by unani-
nous agreement of the League OF
Nations, including France, had been
admitted to The Hague court, this pro-
ceeding was criticized here as an out
rageous exercise not of the mailed fist,
but what the Manchester Guardian calls
its modern and more effective counter
part, the golden fist.
The French purpose throughout the
negotiations was to use the necessities
of Austria in order to make her polit-
ical and economic vassal Of France.
Austria was even to pledge herself to
refrain from making any move in in
ternational affairs without first consult
ing the Quai D'Orsay. This monstrous
demand was refused and the financial
collapse Of Austria seemed inevitable,
but the situation was saved Tor the time
being by the action of the Bank OF
England in advancing her $21 ,0OO,0 600
without any political conditions what
soever.
Whatever effect this practical rebuke
has on France, the opinion Is general
that the incident throws disquieting
light on the aggressive nationalism OF
France in the presence OF situation
which threatens catastrophe to the
whole European system. OF course the
Bank of England advance gives Austria
only q temporary respite. She had
been bankrupted by the Versailles peace
treaty. Only revision Of it can rescue
tcopyrishs. lssis
Evening star., 1931-06-21

drop out Of these worthless stocks and
then there will be numerous mourners."
X
The following editorial paragraph in
The Star OF June 18, 1881, will revive
Potomac Ice memories Of the
old time ice
From Maine" wagon that car
ried frozen goods
to the people Of Washington, the days
before mechanical refrigeration:
1T has been brought out by q suit
between its partners that one of the
ice vending establishments of this city
calling itself the 'Kennebec Ice Com
pany,' stocked its houses with ice from
the Potomac River. and has been selling
that article to its customers as the
genuine product of Maine waters We
suppose that II we had such q thing In
the city as an Arctic Ice Company it
would get its supply from the Gulf Of
Mexico, u that were possible"
Evening star., 1931-06-21

A court Of law has formally recog-
ni0ed the sixth sense" possessed by
the blind. One reason women have been
so persistent about getting the vote
may, perhaps. have been their hope that
some day courts would be compelled to
grant similar recognition to the tradi-
tional sixth, or intuitive, sense Of the
fair sex.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Oil.
Deep within the earth are flowing
Fountains vast Of precious oil.
Men imagine them bestowing
Youth and pleasure, free from toll.
sleepless nights, days dark with schem
ing,
Mid the battles fierce array, |
Fill the brain with fevered dreaming
AS the oil flows on Its way.
Oil was made for fabrication.
But, alas, 1t has been found
Adding friction to creation.
AS this old world rolls aroundl
Evening star., 1931-06-21

A charity ball in London is to be fea-
tured by pageant including presenta-
ton Of Venus rising from the foam,
after Botticelli's painting. provided the
Lord Chamberlain does not ban the act.
What seems to worry this country is
the spectacle of Bacchus rising from the
foam.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Now that q woman has been discov-
cred in the ranks of the French For
eign Legion, there will have to be re-
vision Of the old line, There was dearth
Of woman's nursing, there was dearth
of womans tears"
Evening star., 1931-06-21

The Advertising Federation Of Amer
lea is told that men, by retarding their
buying, are to blame for the business
depression and that the purchases made
by women hold up to the mark very
well. Could 1t be possible that the latter
fact has some causative bearing on the
former?
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Honey kept in the radiator will keep
the car engine cool. according to De-
partment of Agriculture experts. Yes,
and honey kept back in the rumble
seat, or the back seat, will keep the
driver cooler
Evening star., 1931-06-21

All can sympathize with the candi-
date who, confronted in a special ex-
animation with the question, What sort
Of accidents cause the most deaths?"
replied, Fatal ones"
Evening star., 1931-06-21

An Irish dividend" 1t is explained,
occurs when an assessment is levied on
stock. A Welsh one, similar in effect,
comes when ones bookmaker fades
prematurely out of the picture.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Delegates Of the National Associa ton
Of Master Plumbers are en- route to
Milwaukee to attend their forty-ninth
convention. 1t is probable that few will
have to come back for forgotten suit
cases.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

One wonders just how the town bar
bers view these whisker-growing sprees
observed here and there throughout the
West in commemoration of this or that
historic period.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Now they are taking n1ovies-and col
ored ones, at that-of surgical opera
tionS. The ''talkies" are produced by
the convalescent patients.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
British Visit to Germany
Index of Europe's Peril
BY A. G. GARDINER.

LONDON, June 20.-Announcement
this week that Premier Macdonald and
Foreign Minister Henderson will pay a
return visit to Chancellor Bruening and
Foreign Minister Curtius at Berlin on
July II, instead Of in the Autumn, as
expected, created satisfaction here and
something like jubiation in Germany.
This is taken as an indication of the
desperate urgency of the situation in
Germany, where for the moment Bruen-
ing is holding his own, but is in innmi-
nent danger Of collapse.
All instructed observers agree that the
German chancellor cannot survive the
attacks Of the NaziS (Fascists) and
Communists without immediate allevia-
tion of the financial strain. and that the
alternative is NaZi government, which
means certainly repudiation and prob
ably civil war. The only expedient for
averting the catastrophe which, In the
words Of the new statesman, will send
Europe over the precipice, is immediate
and drastic action in regard to war
debts and reparations problems.
Possibilities Of that action being taken
are being widely discussed and the
Slmmoning Of conference of Euro
pean experts to devise means of break
ing up the economic frost in Europe IS
welcomed. The task of the conference
is to explore acceptable ways of ac-
complaining for every one what Ger
many and Austria seek to accomplish
by q customs union.
But more instant and decisive action
Is necessary If the situation Is to be
saved.
~ X X
Europe cannot save itself. Th0 hey
Of the situation lies with the United
States and much comment has been
aroused by Assistant Secretary of State
Castles broad hint of a changed atti-
tude toward debt settlement on the
part Of Washington. Mr. Castles posi-
ton does not sanction extravagant
hopes being founded on his declaration,
but the fact, taken in conjunction with
Secretary Of the Treasury Mellon'i
Evening star., 1931-06-21
An Other States and Canada
Member Of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
TO the use for republication Of all news dis
patches credited to 1t or not otherwise cred
1ted N this paper and also the local news
special dispatches herein are also reserved