davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

economically, would see in this tariff
union the advantages they themselves
might obtain out of q tariff union and,
forgetting their political alliances, they
would join the Austro- German bloc.
The German reasoning was apparent
ly not at fault. Although the AuStro-
German tariff union Is not yet legally
an accomplished fact, the moral effect
in Central and Southeastern Europe
has been greater than the Germans
themselves expected 1t to be.
Hungary, an industrial state, has be-
gun unofficial conversations with the
Germans and the Austrians with the
view Of joining the bloc and thus re-
establishing a new Germanic bloc of
power in Central Europe, while the
RunnanianS, who have been on the
verge of bankruptcy since the end of
the war, are beginning seriously to
think about the advantages of joining
that new group of powers.
While the Hungarians are thinking
Of joining the Austro-Germans mainly
for political reasons. the situation is
entirely different with Rumania.
That country belongs to the little
entente group sponsored by the French.
Before 1916 Rumania was an ally Of
the central powers. The Rumanian
government decided to break that alli-
ance and join the Franco-British group
in 1915 because they hoped to gain
large territorial compensations, which
they did. But in spite of more than
doubling their territory and population
the Rumanians found themselves worse
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

It Is evident that. the international
tennis matches Of the near future are
going to be very interesting. as fore
Swallowed by the contests a few weeks
ago in the 7th Regiment Armory, New
York.
On March 81 Jean Borotra, the pic
turesque and popular French player.
won the American national indoor
tennis singles championship, beating
Berkeley Bell Of Texas in the final in
five sets, Bell having previously beaten
the formidable young Shields. This Is
the fourth time Borotra has won the
title. Pared with Christian BouSsuS,
he also walked away with the doubles
title.
A few days later, in q special indoor
series, Borotra was beaten rather easily
by Shields, and Boussus, handily dis
posed Of in the international cham
pionship competition, beat Bell, the
runner-up in that competition. The
beat Shields-Bell, and the next day
Borotra beat Bell in singles once more,
and so France triumphed again. But
IL was a near thing" as the shade
Of Wellington would say.
- Being aboard the u S.-Arizona
President Hoover issued formal
statement to the newspapermen &C
companying him, from which quote
the following interest-paSsages:
The people Of Porto Rico have made
q magnificent progress in self-govern-
ment and the establishment of Demo-
cratic institutions. The government is
ably conducted by Porto Rican born
citizens, and there are today only three
or four important officials upon the
island who were not born there.
II am advised from every quarter in
the island that there would not be
popular vote of per cent in favor Of
independence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

! 81 hours; the eastward time 20 hours.
Tri-motored planes are used with two
pilots. There are IS stops in 8 States.
Westward the flying is by daylight to
Iowa City; thence to Salt Lake City
beacons mark the route; thence on by
sunlight. Eastward night flying is be-
tween Salt Lake City and Omaha. OF
course, there Is adequate radio telephone
equipment. There are no berthS, but
passengers can sleep in adjustable
chairs, and pillows and blankets are
supplied. Moreover, each chair has an
individual reading lamp. Meals are
served at ground stations and in flight.
There are sundry connections with sub
sidiary lines.
eral deficit on the operation Of the
current fiscal year Of about $500, 000,-
900.
The gold holdings Of our Federal Re-
serve system in mid-March totaled
about $3,116, 900 900, very near the top
figure for such holdings, in July, 1923.
We must not fail to include in our
record any really notable exploit.
therefore take belated notice OF the
recent achievement of Gar Wood, at
Miami Beach, Fla, in establishing
with his speed boat, Miss America TX,
a new record for the statute mile;
udulClJ AOE.<OO ulllCo pei AAOuI. AnLo
superseded the record OF 1916, estab-
lished last year on Lake Windermere,
England, by Sir Henry Seagrave.
But records fall like ninepins these
days. Mr.. Woods pre-eminence was
short-lived. At Buenos Aires, on April
2, in connection with the British en-
pire trade exhibition, Kaye Don, the
Englishman, with his Miss England II
established new speed-boat record of
1884 miles per hour; this on the River
Parana, near its confluence with the
plate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

obligations the Germans must find new
fields to place their manufactured prod
ucts in such conditions as to be able
to compete successfully with the other
industrial countries. All countries in
Europe, however, have today high tariff
walls. Even in those countries where
industry is in its infancy tariff barriers
are placed against manufacturedmRnd
agricultural products for fiscal RI nS.
This being the situation, the German
government decided to endeavor to find
new markets. The depression in South
America, the unrest in India and in
China, the unsettled conditions in the
Middle and the Near East, the uncer-
tainty OF the situation in Soviet Russia
make 1t impossible for the best sales
men in the world to increase or even to
maintain trade in those territories.
Thus the German government was
forced to devise some scheme whereby
they could sell the industrial over
production to nations which would be
willing to accept them duty free.
On account of the existing political
treaties and Of the competition Of other
industrial countries the Germans de-
cided to take the first step by arrang-
ing a trade union with Austria small
German-speaking country with no as
sets, with small industry Of her own,
but still capable Of absorbing a certain
amount of the German overproduction
1t is believed that the Germans banked
mainly on the psychological effect Of
the tariff union. They were convinced
that other countries, hard pinched
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Trade Pact Stirs Europe


OF after the war than when they were
smaller country. Their efforts to in
dustrialize the country have proved a
failure; they have a large supply of
raw material, especially foodstuffs and
oil. These raw materials, however,
seem at the present time of little value
to them, because, on account of the
slump in the price of basic commodities
and Of high tariff barriers imposed upon
them by all their neighbors, they are
not In a position to sell all they pro-
duce. France has been lending them
some money; but the Rumanians are
finding, like the rest Of the borrowing
countries, that 1t is a poor policy to
borrow all the time when you can't sell
your products at a suf1ciently fair
price to pay on what you have Dor
rowed.
Ever since King Carol has returned
to the throne he is said to have been
worrying about how to get out of this
impasse. The German minister at
Bucharest and the Rumanian finance
minister have been discussing the posi-
bility OF reducing the tariffs between
the two countries since last Summer,
but they are up against the agricultural
interests OF Germany and the industrial
interests OF Rumania. The German
landowners opposed a reduction of the
tariffs in favor Of the Rumanian agri-
cultural products, while the owners Of
the new born industry in Rumania OBJ
jected to a reduction Of the Rumanian
tariffs in favor of the German indus
trial products. The conversations were
broken of with the understanding that
only something brutal would bring
these factions to reason. The brutal"
thing happened and in spite Of the
opposition OF the French, the Austro-
German zollverein has come into ex-
istence. The Rumanians, forgetting
their long feud with the Hungarians
and their sentimental association with
the French, are reported to be willing
to join the Austrians, the Germans and
even the HungarianS should they decide
to join the Austro- German bloc.
It is significant that, although the
Rumanian Hungarian relations have
been strained since the end of the war,
Prince Nicholas Of Rumania visited
Budapest last week and was received
with great honors by the Hungarian re-
gent. Admiral Horty, although the
brother of King Carol stated that his
visit to the Hungarian capital was
strtNtly private. Thus former enemies
are now being drawn together by the
severe economic crisis.
This being the case, II seems to OBJ
servers who have recently returned from
Central Europe that even Czechoslo-
vakia, Frances best friend in Central
Europe, might sooner or later Join the
German group. For the time being, the
political situation in C7echoslovakia Is
such that an immediate reunion with
Germany Is out Of the question. This
Continued on Fourth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Schaffhausen Falls
Doomed by Industry

GENEVA biggest waterfall
is in danger Of disappearing, thus de-
priving Switzerland Of a tourist asset
which has brought untold gold and thou
sands Of visitors annually to the famous
Falls Of SchaIhauSen, on the Rhine,
where that noble river marks the bound
airy between Germany's Black Forest
and Switzerland.
Industry has claimed the now Of
Rhine water as its own with the pro-
posed development of new hydroelec-
trio enterprises and metallurgical plants,
which will so reduce the flow that the
Swiss Society for the Protection of
Beauty Spots has petitioned the gov
eminent to do something about 1t, and
quickly stop the dissertation before
what was originally Europe's biggest
waterfall in volume becomes a mere
trickle.
The Rhine falls in three jumps over
rocky shadows and drops some so feet,
cataract and the rapids lower down
register together a drop Of nearly 100
feet
1t is proposed to speed up the flow by
canalization, with the possibility that
in no very distant future there will not
be enough of the fall left to pay for
lighting it up with colored lights at
night for the delectation Of tourists, as
has been done since the days when the
"innocents abroad" first passed this
way. AS for the rainbows of early
morning, which is the chief ballyhoo of
the Rhine-side hotels, the same will be
true.
Revenues which new industrial enter
prises will bring in their wake are sd-
vanced as the reason for spoliation. but
the claim Is made that Switzerland's
tourist and hotel industry itself takes
almost pre-eminent rank.
At any rate, this industry has mar
shaled its forces in campaign against
what opponents call a war of economic
necessity. The Schaffhausers themselves
have not yet taken sides, being harassed
by the respective advantages Of the two
issues
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

~ REPRESENTATIVES. Of the Aus
TRAN and the German govern
IN mentS will meet on the Sd of
l. June in London to discuss with
Ramsay Macdonald and Arthur
Henderson the issues arising from the
tariff union between Germany and
Austria.
The French and the italian govern
ments have not been invited to send
representatives to participate in the
London conversations because the in
tention Of the British premier Is to dis
cuss the matter purely from an eco
nomic aspect. The presence of French
or italian representative would 1mme-
diately give political character to this
meeting. Whether political questions,
such as treaty revisions, will be dis
cussed is dificult to say; 1t is highly
improbable that either the German or
the British would care to tackle such
a matter at the time when Europe is
seething with unrest.
The Austro- German tariff union Is an
accomplished fact. The Germans are
willing to submit the matter to the
League of Nations or to any other in
ternational tribunal, because they know
perfectly well that it is within their
rights to come to an economic under
standing with any nation they choose
regardless of the peace treaties which
they signed after the World War
Deprived of all its trappings, the new
German Austrian tariff union is I'M
doubtedly the most important political
act which has been accomplished in
Europe since the war. The Austro-
German zollverein does not only mean
that some 100000 people living in
Austria open their frontiers to German
manufactured products and receive
them in their country duty free, and
that the Germans do the same thing
to the Austrian products, but 1t opens
an entirely new field to the regrouping
of powers in Europe.
The organization Of Europe since the
end of the war was based exclusively
upon political considerations. The de-
feated nations were left severely alone
while the victorious nations banded to-
gether to support each other politically,
regardless of the fact that their eco
nomic interests were sometimes con-
flicting. Nations like Austria and Bull
garia were in a desperate plight and
were saved from starvation and civil
war by small loans given them under
the auspices Of the League of Nations.
The Germans had to pay tremendous
indemnity and were told to work out
their own salvation. When the install
ments to the allies were due, and the
German treasury did not have suf1cient
funds to pay them, a timely loan from
the United States saved Germany from
defaulting But loans to pay the war
indemnities were only an added burden
to the German taxpayer.
The Bruening cabinet realized that In
order to be able to pay their tremendous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

leaders, yet there isn't a really
brilliant man in 1t. We've all
come up from the ranks.
1--WE can get money to do
anything that we need; but
money alone won't do 1t.
1--WE can get materials and
equipment.
But all we really have to
work with Is what our four
thousand boys nave. They are
going to decide what this bust
ness will be in the years to
come"
When we had this CONVEX
Sation business was booming
and all big industries we're
employing more people. Since
then we have had a heart
breaking period of unemploy-
ment.
But, good times or bad times,
the search for ability goes on.
At the bottom Of the depreS-
sion the president Of one great
industry asked me If I knew
where he could find a twenty
f1ve-thouSand-dollar man. The
president of another said:
we have installed a system
OF compulsory pensions. We
must make sure that this buS1-
ness will continue in the fu-
ture to be run by young men,"
The size and the set-up Of
businesses change, but their
message to youth is just the
same.
Come ON with your five
loaveS and two fishes. All we
have to go on is what you boys
have"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Turkish Family Name
To Be Last of Father

VIENNA. every Turk is
to have family name. At present
Turkish children are not named by
patronymics, as are ours; instead they
take the fathers first name, with a
SUNK added. Thus 1t is impossible to
check up q persons ancestry.
Now Mustapha Renal Pasha, adding
new item to the imposing list Of
dissemination" he has given Turkey.
has issued decree abolishing the old
system and replacing it with our West
ern method. great deal OF prelimi-
nary confusion Is expected. Thousands
Of Turks will have TO change their
names. But the eventual gains TO be
derived from the reform are expected to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

v you run across all sorts
" of surprises in the course
of a week. For in
4 stance, the vice presi-
dent of a big chain store or
ganiZation was telling me a
business story. And what do
you suppose he based 1t on?
The Bible.
He has charge of the COM
pany'S personnel. 1t is a job
to sort over a hundred young
fellows in order to find the
one who will start at small
wages, work long hours and
fight his way up to the top.
The prizes are big, but the
battle Is hard, and only the
toughest survive.
The part of the Bible to
which the vice president re-
ferred was the Feeding Of the
Five Thousand. Five thou
sand tired and hungry peo-
pie. The Lord said, Feed
them"
His disciples, who we're prac-
teal men, were aghast. I'VE
can't do It," they protested.
1T would take too much
money"
Others urged: Send them
away"
Finally a boy was discovered
in the crowd with five small
loaveS and two fishes. Said
my friend: "AH they had to
DCrk NTH WdS sDhGt that boz
had.
80 with our company" he
continued. TITS one of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

TIME most important person in tn,
Democratic presidential situa.
ton is Smith. Not necessarily
i Smith as candidate. but Smith
as a man. (Parenthitically, it.!
4 considerable distinction that any one
sSn say Smith" without mention Of
his first name or title, and have all the
6orld understand who is meant)
Gnith's place in the Democratic pic
eure is expressed as compactly as any
AEle can put it by Frank Kent in the
Democratic Baltimore Sun. Compress
t0g the situation into four brief SEN
fences. he says
First. that Roosevelt is well out In
front as the leading Democratic as
pirant; second, that Smith will have
mote influence in the convention than
any other man. The deduction from
tbese is that barring Smith opposition
Roosevelt will be nominated. If Smith
Is openly or covertly against him, he is
pretty certain not to be. That is the
logic of it. Naturally, it leaves the
Smith attitude as the vital question"
Strongest in Party.
Smiths power can be expressed in
figures. Smith has the largest-by far
che largest-personal following in the
Democratic party. He is the only
Democrat that has a personal following
large enough to count seriously in ma
tional politics. Only two men in the
Republican party have that kind of fol-
I-wing President Hoover and ex-Presi-
cent Coolidge.
Those three. Messrs. Hoover, Coolidge
Snn Smith, are the only political lead
era in America who can command as
nr2ny as a million votes (for them
selves as distinct from the parties they
represent) A few other men-Sena-
dor Borah, Senator Norris, perhaps New
ten D. Baker and few others-might
command, as personal followings, a few
tens or possibly hundreds of thousands
of votes. But there is no one else in
the class of MesSrs. Hoover, Coolidge
and Smith.
IN the Democratic party there is no
CHE in the class of Smith. Not even
Gov. Franklin Roosevelt is in Smiths
class, though Roosevelt, at this writing,
IS we'll on the way to the presidential
nomination. What following Roosevelt
has is overlapped by Smiths following,
is largely part of Smiths. And as
between the two men, the first loyalty
of most of Roosevelt's following is to
Smith. If you wish to weigh that state
ment, imagine Smith disappearing
Roosevelt, imagine Smith saying that
Roosevelt is not satisfactory to him
and then try to imagine whether Roose-
welt could get the presidential nomina-
ton with what following he would have
left after Smith took his away.
Has Personal Following.
Smith. in short, has personal follow
ing in the sense that Woodrow Wilson
had, or Theodore Roosevelt, or william
Jennings Bryan.
Smiths personal following NAV fairly
be estimated at 5000, 900 Votes, 0o0,-
900 out of a total Democratic vote Gin
1929 of 1905, 443, and out of a >Jal
national vote, Republican and Demo-
cratic Tin 1929 Of 36,408,633. Smiths
following. as expressed in the vote for
him for President in 1923, is really phe-
nomenal Smith as the Democratic
candidate in 1928 got not far from twice
as many votes as any other Democratic
candidate had ever received. The fig
ures are:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12
Smiths Percentage Higher,

Not only did Smith in 1928 bring out
more votes for the Democrats than any
previous candidate but Smith got a
larger percentage of the total vote than
either of his two predecessors. The
figures are:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12


The most important question under
Federal taxation relates to the Federal
estate tax, and more specifically. to the
provision in the act relating to trans
ferS made in contemplation Of death.
This provision has had a long and din
cult struggle on account Of the inter-
pretations imposed upon it by the
courts. Under the act, transfers made
within two years of death are presumed
to have been made In contemplation Of
death, yet the question Consistently arises
as to the meaning Of "tn contemplation
Of death"
A man dies at the age Of -. and
within two years before his death he
transfers some $3.50 worth OF prop,
erty. One of these transfers was made
so as to equalize the advances made TO
his children during 40 preceding years,
and in his will, executed q year before
his death, he provides that all the ad-
vancements should be charged to and
deducted from his children'S shares
The question arose whether this trans
fer, made within two years Of death,
was made "in contemplation OF death"
The Court Of Claims held that the
property was not transferred in contem.
CONTINUED on Fourth Page.1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

.HE most important person In the
Democratic presidential situa-
ton is Smith. Not necessarily
i Smith as candidate. but Smith
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

Continued on Fourth Page
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-12

CONTINUED on Fourth Page)
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-06-19
Crime Made Fine Art in Eastern Countries

Detectives in Java and the Malay
peninsula are being forced to deal
with some strange new ideas in crime,
originated by native desperadoes.
Burglars in eastern Java maintain
farms where they raise variety of
thorn apple. from the seeds of which
they make sort of flour highly mar
cOtic in its effect The flour is a high
ly potent weapon in the hands of
criminals. according to a writer in
Country Home. By means of slender
length of hollow bamboo inserted in
keyhOle native burglars and sneak
thieves are enabled to blow a small
quantity of this narcotic -four into a
room which they propose to rob- So
powerful is its effect that the occu-
pants are drugged into insensibility
merely by inhaling few whiffs of IT.
whereupon it is an easy matter for the
criminals Il. gain access to the room
and help themselves to its contents.
In the Malay peninsula. the palm is
being used as medium for murder.
Native desperadoes pound the fronds
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-06-19

homelike Thanksgiving dinner, and at
the same time was not at all pleased
to have further evidence of careless
loading of ships.
Need Two Regular Divisions.
In considering the composition of
our expeditionary forces. it was a
question whether we ought to organ
ize higher units by using regular regi-
ments. with a proportionate number
of new officers, or utilize the perma-
nent commissioned personnel of the
line for equitable assignment to the
citizen cOntingents and leave our reg
ular organizations to be completed
from the relatively raw material at
our disposal, and thus build up all
categories of the army simultaneously.
| recommended that regular regi.
ments at Honolulu and elsewhere be
relieved for this purpose by National
Guard regiments. These regular troops
would more nearly approximate the
standards of our allies at the start,
and. more important still. their use
would diminish the chances of reverses
during our first encounters with the
enemy. The acting chief of staff at
home. Maj. Gen. John Biddle, agreed
with my suggestion, but the widely
separated locations of these regiments
made their replacement somewhat diff
fcult. and only the Third, Fourth and
Fifth divisions came in time for serv-
ice early in 1918, the Sixth and Sew
enth arriving to take part in the fall
campaign.