davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
LUCAS TO APOLOGIZE
IF AL Will DECLARE
HEFAV0RSDRY Law
Smith Asks Apology From Re.
publican for Distributing
Bar-Room Cartoon

Washington, Jan. 15.-R-Alfred
e. Smith had a reply Thursday from
Robert H. Lucas, but It containing
only q conditional offer Of the apol-
ogy which the former Democratic
presidential candidate demanded OF
the executive director Of the Repub-
lican national committee.
Smith, In q letter to Senator Wag-
ner, Democrat. New York, had asked
apology from the Republican COM
mittee for permitting" Lucas to dis
tribute a bar-room cartoon which he
said. contained a quotation attributed
to him which he had not made.
Lucas issued q statement Wednes-
day night saying he would apologize
for sending out q cartoon represent
ing Smith and Chairman Raskob Of
the Democratic national committee
as vets II Smith would announce he
now favored prohibition.
The Republican official asked also
whether Smith and Raskob were con-
sidering: "Apologizing to the Ameri-
can people for the action Of Governor
Smiths hand-picked chairman. Mr..
Raskob. in substituting with large
sums Of money an organized cam
paign extending over more than a
year to misrepresent and smear the
president Of the United States"
The letter Of the former New York
governor had set forth that the quot
alton in the cartoon-which was part
Of the literature circulated in Ne
braska In the Lucas effort to defeat
Senator Norris, Republican independ-
ent-was one Of which had been
presented last year by unauthorized
persons at q political meeting as a
hoax and was Immediately and pub
licly disavowed.
Governor Smith asks me to apol-
ogize," said Lucas, "he says a car
toon was distributed which conveyed
the information that he was wet
He says the impression made there
was based on incorrect information.
II the governor will state that he had
done q complete about-face since
1928 and Is now for prohibition, then
I owe him an apology"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
(Tribune Special SERVICES

Tribune Spoclal Sefv1ce)
Minot, N. D., Jan. 15.-Reversins
the usual procedure. WIN OsKeefe
had to be thrown out Of jail ct Bot
tineau last week.
It took two deputies to eject
o'Keefe after the sheriff had notified
him that his time was up.
He had been arrested q few weeks
ago suffering from frosen feet and
With little money and no Job In sight
he was loathe to leave the shelter d
the jal.
with the election q O'Keefe, thu
ieil became touantlea8.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
IS RECOMMENDED
IMPORTANT PART IN
FLOOD RELIEF PLANS
S. W. Thompson Says Parts OF
Dakotas Are Destined to
Become Seml.Arid
CITIES NATURAL RESERVOIR
Flood Control and Conservation
Listed as Objects by Asso-
cations Head

Chicago, Jan. 15.-R)-A proposal
for a huge reservoir In North Dakota
was submitted Wednesday as q means
Of attaining q triple goal: Mississippi
river flood control, irrigation, and
navigation. ,
g. w. Thompson, member OF the
South Dakota water conservation
commission, laid his suggestion before
Mayor william Hale Thompson's
waterway and flood conference.
Thompson is president Of the Mis-
souri, River Diversion association and
represents 1t in Washington. The
association Is composed Of North and
South Dakota mel and its head
quarters are at Devils Lake. N. D.
Cites Water Abundance
above Bismarck. q dam could be
built which would hold In reserve al
most 100000 acre feet Of water"
he said. 1.-THE abundance Of water
resulting from spring thaws could be
caught there, preventing floods along
the Missouri and thus relieving the
Mississippi, into which It flows. OF
danger from the northwest.
The Dakotas, Thompson said. has q
double-edged interest In the water
control movement.
1--WE are interested in flood control.
and We are interested In tnsuring q
steady supply along the Missouri SO
that navigation Is possible-hut we
are also Interested" he said. "tn con-
servation. In my state there are
lakes which have receded four and q
half miles IN the last 80 years. W.
must find some means whereby the
water supply Of South Dakota Is as
sured during the dry summer
months"
Tells Of Reservoir
The Dakota delegate said North
Dakota had the largest natural reser-
voir In the country, and that the
water store under his plan would
benefit all states In the river BASIN
He predicted the great western farm
ing regions would become semi-artd
unless conservation methods are en-
ployed.
"Most thinking people in the mid
die west are for the reservoir system"
he stated.
He advocated the formation OF
commissions in every state to work
out Joint water conservation projects
and declared it unfair ITO let Chicago
and Mayor Thompson bear the bruIlt
Of the campaign for promoting flood
control" ~.
"Why," he asked. should the city
Of Chicago be asked to, spend money
for a trip to Washington In behalf
of waterways? All the states IN the
Mississippi valley should pay their
share, raising the money for that
purpose through taxes"
Eight resolutions, drawn by q COM
mittee headed by James M. Thorn
son, New Orleans publisher. were
passed by the conference. They In
Guided q statement that three years
after passage by congress Of the flood
control act the project is not only
uncompleted but Is said to be un-
suited to the purpose, and the danger
to life and PROPERTY still imminent"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
Resume Inquest Into
Farmers Fire Death

Stanley. N. D., Jan. 15.-R-An
inquest into the deaths OF Ole Me-
land. Manitou. ana John Iverson,
Alexander, whose bodies were found
Sunday morning In the burned ruins
of Meland's farm home three and
one-half miles northwest Of Manitou,
was to he continued ct White Earth
Thursday afternoon.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
$2,o22.4SS.2e
106,500.O0
ns,41s.o,
29,242.65
1.o7s.5ss.6s
s22,111.os
s 100000
2S0,123.35
100000
1924
3,696,114.39
81 37k 3A7-kS
$4.276.347.5s
HOodlum's Sweetheart
Might Establish Abb

Chicago, Jan. l5.-R-Betty Cook,
sweetheart Of Leo v. Brothers, who Is
under indictment for the murder Of
Alfred Lngle, Chicago Tribune re-
porter, has come to his aid In an ef-
fort to establish an abb for him for
last June 8. the date Iingle was shot.
She conferred with him Wednesday
at the county jail for the first time
since his arrest Dec. II.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
WOMAN FoUND GUIITY

Fargo, N. D., Jan. 16.-lR-Elen
Wadeson. Moorhead. was given q SUE
pended 14-months' penitentiary SEN
tence when she pleaded guilty % eun-
bezzlernent In district court here.
Miss Wadeson wa charged wth en-
bezzlins $2ol.60 from Irene Nelson.
Hunter, N. p, while tho iatter was )
hospital patient
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
n WITH GUR

New York, Jan. 16.-<R-"Mr.
Glad" friend Of the unemployed. who
refuses to reveal his real name but
hands out niokles and gloves gener-
ously, has "a optimistic tip. The d.
gifts Of 1880 added up to IL. 80 did
those Of 1903, 1912 and 1921, years
that were like 1880 ii some respects.
But 1881 adds up TO Il and he can't
find another year with = jinx total
ell 2Q2V.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
Tribune to Offer
Calendar of Bills

Beginning today The Tribune
offers It's readers q legislative
calendar which will be q daily
feature In this newspaper from
now until the end Of the legisla.
tive session. It will list all bills
introduced and important actions
on bills by committees or ON the
floors Of the two houses.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
RObBER rs CONVICTED

Minneapolis, Jan. l5.-R-Harry
Sherman, a, who walked into the
restaurant Of John G. Kanor the
night Of Dec. !, to stagger out . few
minutes later with five bullet wounds
in his body after = gun duel with Ka-
nor, was found guilty Of attempted
robbery BY . jury IN district court
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
BOW STILLS
TESTIFYINC AGAINST
FORMER SECRETARY
State Claims Daisy DeBoe A.
tempted to BIackmail 1T
Girl Of s125,ooo
RED.HEADED ACTRESS SOBS
Defendant Charges That FIam-
ing Screen Heroine Once
Tried to Kill Her
RED.HEADED ACTRESS soBs

Los Angeles, Jan. 15.-(PtClara
Bow chung Thursday to her role as .
prosecution witness In the trial Of her
former secretary, Daisy de Doe, on
charges Of grand theft.
Alternately sobbing and stamping
a foot while testifying, the red-head-
ed actress yesterday sought to show
Miss de Doe stole $4,000 Of her
money and attempted to obtain
$3.50 from her in an extortion
Was Best Friend
"She was my best friend" sobbed
the actress after an indignant out
burst. "She was my best friend in
the world. I'm sorry to be crying, but
I can't help It," Then she daubed
at her nose with q powder puff.
Miss Bow had been recalled to the
stand to testify concerning an al
legged attempt by Miss de Doe to OBJ
tain $l25.000 from her under threat of
having letters and kilograms from the
film flapper's boy friends released to
newspapers.
II asked Daisy. and you're not kid
ding me? Isn't it true that you're
trying to shake me down for $685.
O00?'" the actress testified.
On this point, w. I. Gilbert, attor-
ney for the actress testified later Miss
de Doe approached him In his office
last Nov. 3. stating she had some
papers Of Clara's and no one could
have them unless the film actress
paid $4,000 and not q cent less"
Miss Bow defended her latest hoy
friend" Rex Bell, cowboy actor. with
heated denials that-h was at present
holding the position formerly held by
Miss de Doe.
Charges Killing Attempt
Miss de Boe,s 30-page statement In
cluded: If I had gotten into an
argument with her she would have
tried to kill me, because she tried 1t
once before. I wanted to get settled
as quietly as possible and keep Clara
out Of the papers, because n more
slam in the papers and Clara is
through In pictures"
Miss de Doe allegedly admitted in
the statement that she diverted
$3.50 of Miss Bows money to her
own s She said she had seen love
letters to Miss Bow from Gary
Cooper, film actor: Victor Fleming.
motion picture director; Harry Rich
man, New York actor. and DR.. Earl
Pierson, Texas physician. She burned
some Of the letters, she said.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15

TRACTOR DRIVER PENALIZED
Hamilton, Bermuda. Jan. 15.-R-
For driving a tractor Willoughby
Wright must pay $50 Or spend q fort
night in she hoosegow. Motor We
hicles are prohibited on the island.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
Ross Petitions for
Habeas Corpus Writ

Duluth, MIMI. Jan. 15.-N9-A
petition for q writ Of habeas corpus
for the release Of Harold Ross, 80,
former convict, held in jail here g .
suspect Of . holdup ut Minot, N. D..
Christmas Eve. was filed In district
court Thursday BY Andrew Nelson,
Ross attorney.
Ross has been ordered extradited
to North Dakota to stand trial on the
holdup charges. A hearing On Che
petition for the habeas corpus writ
Is to be held Jan. 8.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
OFFICERS OF FIRST
NATIONAL BANK ARE
ALL REELECTED
e. 7. M'canna, Formerly o.
Union National Bank Of Mi
not, Made Vice.

With but one addition to the roster
OF officers, the First National Bank,
at its annual meeting Thursday re-
elected all former officers who have
served the bank for many years. E.
T. McCanna, former executive vice
president Of the Union National Bank
of Minot, becomes q vice president Of
the First National. Officers named
follow:
Board Of directors, G. B. Little. J. l.
Bell, o. N. Durham, e. A. Hughes and
p. J. Meyers: officers, president, G. B.
Little; vice presidents, j. L. Bell. E.
IT. McCanna; vice president and
cashier, Frank E. Shepard: assistant
vice president, Eugene w. Leonard.
Assistant cashiers are: H. e. Hanson,
b. F. Lawyer, L. p. Warren. G. A.
Heupel.
MI. McCanna. the new officer, has
been with the Union National Bank
Of Minot for the past eight months
and previous to that served as an Of
ficer Of the First National Bank Of
st. Paul.
The First National is rounding out
fifty-one years Of service to Bismarck
and the Slope territory. Combined
resources of its associates are yer
$4o4, O0O, 900. The last statement of
condition which follows. issued as OF
December 81. reflects its strong finan-
cial position in the Northwest.
Resources
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
The Weather

Partly cloudy Tht1r5dey night ana
Friday. eomewhat colder Friday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-15
Liabilities
Capital Stock .......
Surplus, Undivided
Profits and Re-

serves ...ssss,..,s
Circulation .........
Interest Collected not
Earned ...........
Deposits ............
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
HAWKS RECAINS
FLIGHT RECORD
Texas Speed King Beats
Az Time of New York
Broker Pilot

HAVANA. July %. P-CaptaIn
Frank Hawks landed here at ll.0S
Eastern Standard Time this NOM
ing. completing "A flight from New
York BY way Of Wilmington and
Miami.
Hawks regaincd the speed record
from New York. knocking ~ min
utes off the time Of James Good
win Hall. who beat Hawks previous
record last Saturday.
Hawks landed eight hours and
eight minutes after leaving New
York and spent 80 minutes for re
fueling at Wilmington, ". C.. and
Miami on the way.
He was IN the air only seven
hours and 80 minutes. Hall made
his flight nonstop. g his elapsed
time and flying time were the
same.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
GAMBLING BAN
LIFT DENIED
Matamoros Offic ial Say
Word Awaited From
Mexico City

No official confirmation can be
found for persistent rumors that
gambling viii reopen I'm Mata-
moros the latter part or this week.
Gambling interests limit them
selves to saying they are expecting
word from Mexico City"
Mayor Roberto +. Garcia OF Mat
amoros states he has had no noti-
fication concerning re-opening or
the concession. but expresses the
unofficial opinion that 1t would not
be re-opened.
Rafael A. Muniga. state tax
collector. also states he has had no
notification along this line and
doubts that gambling will reopen.
IL was learned here today that
"a representative on Gov. Francisco
Castellanos has been in Matamoros
several days comforting with gam
bling interests.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23

Seth Warrington and Edward
Maloney. filters who crashed on the
beach Of the gulf 100 miles south of
Brownsville while attempting a
nonstop flight from New York 10
Mexico City. left at $50 this morn
ing for their home town or New
York
The pair expected TO spend the
night In Atlanta, and to resume
their homeward winging Friday
morning.
Prior to leaving Brownsville they
declared their intention OF staging
two major flights In the near fu-
ture, but refused 70 comment fur
Their on their plans.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Must F~urnipate

AUSTIN. July 23-P-Joininr
with the federal governments the
state department Of agriculture to-
day lifted its regulation requiring
the fumigation Of lint cotton In
square bales IN the pink bolI worm
infested counties Of west Texas.
Counties included IN the move
were: FL Paso. Culberson. Jeff Da-
Wis. Terrell. PeccS. Rec w. Ward.
Loving. W mixer. Crane. Upton. &C.
tor, Andrews. Midland and the nor
them nart Of HQdspeth-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23

SHELTON CUTS
SPECIAL PAY

II. M. SHELTON, ST., recently d
pointed Cameron county auditor.
Thursday refused TO authorize pay
ment OF salaries TO Harry Sexton
and Roy Miller, special representa-
tives Of the county at legislative
centers.
Both have been on the payroll
for some time.
Shelton said he understood Sex
ton was being paid from other
Cameron county sources.
Miller has been lobbying for the
Intercoastal canal.
Shelton took this action at d
meeting Of the county commission
ers' court.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
SENATOR GORE
BLAMES c. 0. P.
FOR CONDITION
Hoover Carried Out
Promises-On "A
Stretcher'

AUSTIN. July %. Ri-Using as
his theme what he termed TO be
the new song Of the republican
party, I'm Blue" United States
Sen. Thomas p. Gore (dem.) OF
Oklahoma, delivered a pointed dis
sertation on the results or the
Hoover administration before the
legislature today.
If Hoover mas carried out his
promise or prosperity 70 the Amer
lean people. 1t was on a stretcher."
Gore stated He also promised to
put the American people back on
It's feet. Tie has. To the tune or
1000. 900 unemployed walking the
streets in search Of jobs"
Raps High Tariff
Gore attributed a part OF the de-
preston 10 the sensitive credit and
extensive industrial system OF the
United States but blamed the re-
publican administration for az
gravating the evils by the high
tariff walls erected I'm the Smoot-
Hawley bill. The tariff has de-
monstrated the United States can
not close the door to keep foreign
surplus out without at the same
time keeping the domestic surplus
at home. Gore said.
The present depression Is the
worst In the nations history. Gore
said. The tariff was resulted I'm q
trade war with other nations that
has caused American factories 20
start branches in other cou1tries.
increasing local unemployment and
reducing buying power. and has
caused q ~burdensome domestic sur
plus.
The millions spent BY the fed
eral government in improving har-
bors and waterways has been neu-
tralized by the tariff, Gore said.
Cites Examples
Business was good the last ]
had" Gore said an Oklahoma mer-
chant tod him recently while a
farmer In the drought region said
the farmers didn't need rain but
good rabbit dogs" Gore said o
farmer could break his back "try-
ing TO lift SO cents worth of oats"
Activities or the federal farm
board IN the cotton and wheat
markets were denounced by Gore
as futile and ineffective.
Gore jocularly charged Gov. r..
s. Sterling with trying to keep the
Red river bridge between Denison
and Durant closed to keep bust
ed" Texans from returning from
Oklahoma to live off the "in-laws-.
Oklahoma wants the bridge opened
so the democrats in the republican
state OF Texas can come there and
swell the democratic majority he
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
HAM TRIAL SET
FOR NEXT WEEK
Investigator Makes Final
Examination Oh
Documents

Documents in the case or TNe
Ham. Weslaco youth charged joint
ly with Arnulfo de la Rosa. Rio
Rico policeman. in the shooting az
a Rio Rico cabaret OF Miss Nina
Clark, OF La Feria, have been turn
ed over by Judge Jesus Roias of
Matamoros 10 Special Investigator
Guadalupe Valdez for final ex-
aiming before the trial comes up
next week.
Defense attorneys have their
arguments ready and two doctors
will give opinions as TO the condl-
ton Ham was aIlegedly in at the
time OF the shooting. Drs. Floren-'
clio Anaya Ruiz viii represent
Tamaulipas.
The cas- viii come TO trial next
week before Judge Rojas, after I
have finished examination OF testi-
mony." Special Investigator Valdez
said this morning.
Ham was released from the
Matamoros jail some time ago on "A
six hundred peso bond. De Ia
Rosa is still III the Matamoros fail.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Rangers Guard Span


.OVERTON. July 23.-F-Dron-
pleman Drilling company's IVA. ~.
Warren No. ! well came In yester-
cay with an estimated Flow uf So
600 barrels. The well was located
at the Overton city limits Avn the
Tut survey. Actual gauge of the
How was 40 DC made soon. There
we're NO tanks OF connections
available today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Texas Constable
Reported Missing

PrTTSBURG. July 3zP-The
search for G. II. Hughes, 50-year-
old Pittsburg constable, myster1-
ously missing from his home here
since about midnight Monday. con-
tinued today.
Hughes was last seen shortly be-
fore midnight as he drove his car
toward his home. An unidentified
person advised officers by telephone
that Hughes took n hitch-hiker in
to his car with him as he drove
homeward.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Raps Pay Promise

THE HAGUE. Holland. July 13-
Capitalization of the Mellon
Berenguer agreement. in which
France agreed 10 pay In part the
money she borrowed from the
United States. was contrary to
French constitutional provisions.
Dr.. Erich Kaufman told the
world court today.
Arguing in behalf o. the Aus
trO- German customs union. Dr.
Kaufman cited the debt agree
ment In support OF his claim that
certain clauses in the customs
agreement might be- without au-
thOritv. but were not without In
ternational precedent.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
LAW
DECLARED AS
RIOTS FLARE
Cabinet Crisis Faces
Governmental
Change

MADRID. July 23.-tP-with
Seville under martial law as the
result of disorders IN which IL
persons were killed, the tenseness
OF SPANS political situation in
creased today as the nation looked
forward 70 a change IN govern
ment next week.
Zamora Popular
II was predicted that when the
assembly is formally constituted
Monday or Tuesday. the cabinet
would Immediately resign. Fore
casts were that the parliament
would choose Alcala Zamora as
president-he now holds that post
proy1sionally-and that he would
summon either Manuel Azana,
present war minister. or Alexandra
Derr0ux. foreign minister. 10 the
premiership.
The seriousness OF the situation
In Seville was made clear when
martial law wa7 pronounced only
half an hour after Miguel Maura,
Of the interior. announced
he would oppose calling In the
military authorities.
Despite the subsequent develop
ments, Maura remained optimistic
about the governments ability TO
suppress such uprising as the
syndicaliSt strike outbreaks IN
Seville.
anarchists Weak"
This anarchist affair Is weak"
he said. Il will peel them like an
orange
Socialist Deputy Theidomiro Min
nendez, OF Asturias, declared the
situation was most grave. "A
should not be surprised to e q
republican military dictatorship
emerge he said. II belive the So
minister Largo Caballero. al
whom the syndicalists are aiming,
should resign"
The government movement
S~yndicalists continued, and
hundreds were arrested.
The proclamation declaring
martial law in Seville ret forth that
would fire on the slightest
warming and that therefore res
had best keep off the streets
and out Of balconies.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23

TULSA, Okla. July 23.-(P-The
Barnsdal Refining company an
nounced today a flat price Of 40
cents a barrel for crude oil pur-
chased in Kansas. The company
retains the old higher schedule or
Is to 81 cents a barrel In Okla
bona.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23

AUSTIN, July l3.-P-Robert
Hurt or Dallas was appointed re-
ceiver for the Texas Eagle Refin-
Inc company or Dallas. bv A Travis
county district court today.
The attorney generals depart
ment fled an injunction suit here
against the company. claiming IL
had failed to pay gasoline taxes
since Sent l.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Remembered Aide

WASHINGTON. July %. -P-
Jesse Shima, Japanese secretary TO
the late Mrs. Mary r.. Henderson.
Is provided $500 a year for ten
years under a codicil to a 1927 will
OF the former Washington social
leader FLED today in the District
OF Columbia supreme court.
The last of the multiple wills OF
the Missouri senator's widow. dated
last April, left 100000 to Shima,
half of 1t in trust.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-07-23
Marriages and Divorces
Show Depression Effect

WASHINGTON. July 23.-F-
Depressing business conditions were
reflected today in census bureau
data showing sharp decreases IN
marriages and divorces during 1890.
The matrimonial market. riding
the crest Of a bullish movement
from 1923 to 1929. In which mar
r1ages increased a. per cent. fell off
9.2 per thousand.
Divorces decreased a. per cent