davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-08-19

Telegraph Editors Note: The United Press presents herewith the second of a ser ies on Russia, written by Jack Howard, Yale undergraduate, attached for the summer to the United Press Paris bureau. This article deals with the status of women in the Soviets. showing how they are taking their place alongside men in the actual hard labor of build jag a new industrial state.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-08-19

The mail bag. an invention of William E.. Berry, has been test ed in rivers where it was foated with $40 pounds of concrete and magazines in it.
 The mail room can be built into a dirigible, airplane or ocean liner and is so constructed that should
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-08-19

the period of prolongation of cred conference comes to an end the assurance that international and political relations are established on a basis of mutual confidence which is the sine qua non to eco- homie recovery, and that interna- tional payments to be made by Germany will not be such as to imperil the maintenance of her financial stability"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-08-19
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
 INVESTIGATES INVENTIONS

Columbus o (UP)-Postal off, cials have been asked to examine and test g. non'sinkable mail bag" and a "fireproof, automatic. self releasing mail room," both the inventions of Columbus men.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-08-19
STATUE TO HONOR PULASKI

Milwaukee, (UP).-A statue of Count Casimir Pulaski. Polish gen. eral who was killed in the Ameri- can Revolution. will be dedicated at Pulaski park heer October 1S. Titus Milipowicz, Polish ambassa- dor to the United States and Gov. Philip F. La Toilette of Wiscon- sin have been asked to speak.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
NORTH

South must lead the ace Of hearts and dis.
card . club On another heart. covered by
the king. North must trump with the ace OF
spades Easts discard is immateral but nor
mally would be . diamond To the third
trick North leads the diamond ten. East and
West following; South must discard a heart.
North leads the queen of clubs. On this East
has two choices and the mode of play the rest
Of the way is governed by what he dies.
II East plays the seven Of clubs South plays
the deuce and West the Ave. North now leads
his last club, South playing the ace whether
East covers or not West following suit South
offers the last club of his hand which West
must trump because he has only trumps, and
North over-ruffs with the six. NV diamond
is led from North. II East. with only the kings
of spades and clubs, should ruff, South dis
cards his heart queen If East discsrds his
club king. South rufus. so that his only trick
lost Is to the spade king.
If East plays the king Of clubs on the fourth
trick South covers with the ace and leads back
q club to North. The latter now leads q da-
mond. If East ruffs with his spade king, de-
clarer cross-ruffs the last two tricks. If in
stead he discards q club, South wins the trick
with his spade seven and returns the last club.
ruffed with the SIX on which East must follow
suit Poor West, with three trumps for the
last three tricks. loses all Of them. This. &C
cordng to Frederick Ley, who sent in this
"hors d'oeuvre' as he calls it. makes West
very sore and he gives up bridge for the rest
of his life" Mr.. Ley, by the way. has The
soul of q real bridger, for his letter submitting
the problem said: In you have some
thing better to do for the next five minutes,
arm inclosing the solution another sheet,
but think it only fair you should not use 1t,
since have spent so much time on your prob
lens"
p S-n any one can do this problem in
five minutes, he's better man than most are.
Gunga Din.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
CO1tinGed from Third PG0e

January of 1881, the Maid Of Orleans was
formally accused Of being hereto and a witch.
Before she was put on trial she was cross
questioned by the bishop and the shrewdest
ecclesiastical experts that he could find An
ignorant peasant maid, unable to read or write,
pitted against some Of the most intelligent
scholars Of the age, who sought to confuse her
and draw from her statements that might be
used against her.
There were Is meetings between Joan and her
inquistors in the bishops castle and 10 in
JOan'S cell. The strain Of them can hardly be
imagined Joan was in poor health. still suffer-
ing from her wounds. She had to stand for
hours before her judges. Her sleep was dis
turbed at night by her coarse guards, who liked
to taunt her with rude jests and obscene accusa-
tons
But the inquisitors got little out of her. She
refused point plank to testify concerning her
spirit voices and visions which, Of course. con-
stituted the crIIx of the 'hereSy' and witchcraft
charges against her. She met all of their tests.
For example, the Bishop of Beauvais chal-
lenged her to repeat the "Pater" and the Ave"
believing. men did in those days, that If
she was in league with the devil she would be
unable to say these prayers But she replied
that she would say them gladly if the bishop
would hear her in confession.
This was an adroit counter stroke. II the
bishop heard her confession he would become
her spiritual father and defender. Badly con-
fused, he declined her offer.
A GAIN, they asked her if she believed her
self to be in q state Of grace. This was an
other catch-question; il she said yes, she would
show herself full Of pride and presumption, and
il she said no she would admit that she was
unworthy to be the heavenly instrument she had
proclaimed herself. But she got out of it neatly
by replying
''If ana not hope my Lord will put me
there: il am, hope my Lord win wish to
keep me there"
Joan was denied legal counsel. She was de-
MED her legal right Of appeal to the Pope. A
few Of the best authorities on church law pro-
tested to Cauchon that her trial was only .
m0ckery, but he persisted
Once Joan became IN, and it was reported
possibly with truth-that Cauchon had poisoned
her The Earl Of Warwick thereupon notified
him that the English did not want Joan to die
Of poison, or Of any other similar cause; they
insisted that she be burnt at the stake Is
witch.
The University of Paris, finally, reported to
Cauchon that Joan was, beyond doubt, o witch,
in league with the devil. Cauch0n wanted to
burn her Immediately, but again the English in
terposed, demanding that he get . confession
from her, This would destroy her prestige
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
BY SH EPARD BARCLAY,
Author Of The Contract Bridge Guide

naEy is worth showing after your partner has
made q voluntary bid Of some sort, particularly
when the hand Is strong enough generally to
justify forcing takeout
In this case, North considered himself strong
enough to respond with q raise to five diamonds.
whereupon Simon made . somewhat daring
raise 70 six West doubled It, and led spade,
expecting to wait for declaFers leads up to his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31

When played in a duplicate contest recently.
this hand opened with one spade at every
table aud. after Vests pass, North bid two
clubs. At most of the tables, South now called
three trump. which closed the contracting.
At one. though, Charles Simon, . brilliant
young player. bid three diamonds, q forcing
takeout. This bid involved the principle that a
suit which was not quite enough to bid OEigi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
Hiao,y:5 Verdict of Joan ofArc

among the French and would make easier the
task of dethrc ming Charles VII. So the bishop
tried again
FINALLY Joan was led to q scaaold Instru-
I ments Of torture were set up before her,
and she was told that she would be tortured
Immediately unless she confessed paper was
handed to her to sign.
This paper. which had been drawn up be-
forehand was q complete retraction; an adj
mission that she had gravely sinned in saying
that her signs and visions had come from the
angels; an ad rission that she had wilfully led
the people astray: an assertion that she had
despised God and his sacraments and had been
guilty of idolatry.
In addition it contained promises that she
would be guided by the church and would sub
init herself to correction and punishment.
It Is doub full that Joan knew just what the
paper contained. 1t was read to her. but there
are grounds for believing that certain portions
were omitted. But. at any "a e. with the stake,
the instrums nts of torture and the red-garbed
executioners in full view Joan signed making
q round %" at the foot Of the paper while q
priest guided her hand
Immediately the church authorities announced
that she must spend the rest Of her days in
prison, to "eat the bread OF grief and drink the
water of anguish and to weep for her sins.
They told her that she would Be confined In an
ecclesiastical prison, thus escaping the English,
but when they took her away they led her
SGralgnS Dack 10 tine EngItSn prison IrOn1 WHICH,
she had come.
IT was then that Joan retracted her "confes-
sion"-but it made no difference. The Eng
lish were determined that she should die. They
had not paid their 10000 pounds for . piece of
parchment but for the destruction Of the leader
OF their enc ries and they insisted getting
full value for their money. They had threatened
Cauchon repeatedly. and once more they applied
pressure to him. The fact that the girl had
disavowed her confession bore no weight at all.
They agreed this bogus confession was enough.
The English ordered the Bishop Of Beauvafs-
who by this time, Is said to have become
heartily sick Of his job-to so ahead. Joan was
formally condemned, and the execution was
ordered to take place. at once.
The rest of the story Is quickly told. The
Scaffold was erected Ia the market place of
Rouen On the night before the execution,
Rouen was q city Of contrasts; the citizens re-
NAMED indoors and pulled down the shutters.
frightened by the contemplation Of the thing
that was to happen the next day, while the
English and Burgundan soldiers reveled in the
taverns filling the streets with drunken song
and oattas celebrating the downfall Of the maid
Of Orleans
So, on the following day-May 81, 14Sl, just
500 years ago-Joan was led from her cell,
dashed to the stake and burned TO death i'm the
market place. .-s~~-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
4 Tie BRIDGE Forum i

guarded cards In the other suits. Simon read
the lead perfectly and counted on East to hold
the missing high spades and West to have the
outstanding high diamonds and clubs. So he
finessed these suits by leads from his own
hand and played the double finesse in spades
to catch East's honors, so that he took every
trick
The combination of the double followed by
the spade Lead made the hand q certain slam
for the clever card reader, whereas otherwise
it was headed for sure defeat, if illnesses were
taken the wrong way
How would you bid and play the following
hand. neither side being vulnerable and South
the dealer?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
4Laqv q Week.

What is the revoke penalty ia progressive
contract and tournament duplicate contract?
In progressive contract it is exactly the
same as in rubber cOntract-two tricks for the
first revoke by any player, scored exactly as
If made in play; 100 points In the honor score
for each subsequent revoke by the same player;
100 points for any trick which the revoker's
side is unable to pay because of not having
taken enough.
In tournament duplicate contests between
teams in which each hand is scored as either
o win. loss tie, the revokng side loses the
hand In a pair contest scored on the board
a-match basis, the North-South and East
West pairs getting match point for each
team excelIed, the hand is first scored exactly
as played and then the number Of match
it a number equal to IS per cent of the match
hand.
If it is the usual tournament duplicate con-
test with half the pairs playing North-SOuth
all evening and the others East-West total net
cumulative contract points TO decide, the nom
revoking side is entitled to all the tricks it
normally would have taken If there had been
no revoke, and in addition 100 points for each
revoke; if it gained any extra tricks because Of
the revoke it is afso entitled to them; if the
players at the table unable to agree as to
the normal outcome of the play those in
charge Of the competition shall decide the
question.
The penalties given are those provided by the
Official Laws of the American Bridge League.
In duplicate contests, is q re-dedL GttosOed at
the first table it all four players pass the hand,
or must that deal stand, to be played then at
the other tables?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
Problems ofPlay

With spades trumps. South having the lead,
how can North and South take seven OF the
eight tricks in this hand against any defense2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
The Monarch.


We all have thoughts of lions
AS beasts that the jungle rules,
And kids regard their teachers
AS deSpotS within the school;
The moon may reign at night time
And so may the sun at day,
But bridgerS know a sultan
Who governs with firmer sway;
Though each may seem a monarch,
The sheen of their glamour Slumps,
They're all bunch of pikers
Compared to the ace of trumpS.
ONE contract payers seem to have q
deathly fear of being defeated in a con-
tract and therefore are consistent
under bidders. They consider that this
is conservatism.
- Comdr. Winfield Liggett, jr.. one of
the greatest players Of this game, as he was
of auction, related an incident recently in
which player had b asted that. after keeping
track of every hand he had played for some
time found that he made 80 per cent of the
contracts he bid
Then you have not been bidding enough"
declared the commander.
Just what did he mean by this?
Perhaps the answer will be clearer in the
form of an illustration. Suppose three deals
of approximately equal strength in the part
nership hands should come up at different
times during evening On two of these
it is possible TO make three-odd in spades,
and on the third four-odd can be made. Is
it better to bid three spades all of them
or four spades?
II only three-odd bid. the player would
get 80 each the two hands with which
three-odd are made, and 100 on the enc which
produced four odd, giving MIN a total of 800
points Game is known to be worth, on the aver
age 500 points, if the player bid four-odd every
time his side would score 500 + 100 for tricks
the game hand and would be penalized only
400 points each for his two defeats. even il his
side were vulnerable. Thus his plus Of $40
minus his loss of 200 would give him q net
OF 42O points for the three hands He would
be 100 points better OF for bidding game when
he had only one chance out of three ID make it
Kenneth r. Pyatt writes in to say: Better
far to be utra-conservative in bidding than
otherwise" with this expert will agree.
But when he adds. The best bridge player
ever knew never bid unless he had the cards"
he will find plenty concurring with the idea
Trying to bid them to their full justified value
is important to successful contract, but bid
ding without the cards Is also expeusive-ln
fact, generally more expensive than the con-
trary. For the average player, it is well TO
endeavor to value the cards accurately and
usually try to bid them accurately.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31

J. D. e. wonders what is the score for
making a diamond grand slam, vulnerable,
doubled. holding 100 honors. Slam premium is
$500, rubber bonus 500. premium for making
the contract 100, seven tricks at 40 each add
280, and the 100 honors bring the grand total
up to 2,48O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
The Nee Problem.

West having bid his diamonds and having
led the king Of his suit how would you play
to make q four spade contract on the North
and South cards of this deal?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-31
Contract Systems.

How would you bid and play the following
hand, South being the dealer, with neither
side vulnerable?
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
H|T-RUN DRIVER
FLEESP POLICE

Search was being made today
for a hit-and.run driver who last
night struck three automobiles
during a chase in the downtown
section and then escaped on foot.
Policeman L. H. Peterson, di-
recting traffic at Twelfth and F
Streets Northwest, when the car
was driven past him without
lights, Communicated a taXicab
and gave chase.
The pursued machine twisted in
and out Of crowded traffic and,
after sideswiping two cars,
crashed head-On into an autOmO-
bile driven by John BIakely, FL,
of 1885 r st. N. w., on Tenth
Street, the policeman reported.
The driver then leaped from his
IIachine and fled down an alley.
The abandoned car was listed as
the property of Lawrence Herbert,
colored, of 760 Girard st. N. W.,
who had reported it stolen at
about the time the accident hap
pened.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
DENTAL AID FOR ESKIMOS
Macmillan Back From
Three Months in
Labrador

ROCKLAND, Me-. Sept. 8.-Ar-
irving here in his plane, Viking,
Donald B. Macmillan, explorer,
has completed a three months
Journey to the barren coast of
Labrador and an aerial survey of
approximately $4,000 square miles
of northern terrain.
The mapping Of about 1,5OO
SQUARE miles of uncharted country
was accomplished and dental
clinics were established in several
Eskimo settlements.
This was MacMillan's eighth
trip into the Arctic, but his first
by plane Charles Rocheville,
pilot; j. A. Newcomb, photog
rapher, and Edward Hoffman
were with the explorer on the last
lap of the return flight from
Chance Harbor, having previously
flown from Battle Harbor, Labra-
dor.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
ADVERTIsEMENT
2 A. N. AND /
STILL AWAKE!
What Acidity Does to Sleep!

II o'clock-12 o'clock-1 o'clock
2 o'clock-and still no sleep! Tired
as you may be, all sleepiness deserts
you the moment you fall back on
your pillow. Restless through the
night you rise unrested in the morn.
ing, no more fit for a days work
than for n mountain climb. That's
the story Of many a person today
aid more often than not acidity is
at the bottom of it.
The true way to correct acidity and
intestinal putrefaction Is by introducing
oxygen into the stomach. Oxygen. as
medical science knows. is a marvellous
antiacid and internal antiseptic. And
now 1t Is possible to introduce oxygen
into the stomach by means of AN amaZ-
ing harmless white tablet called Mag
nesia Oxoids. Developed in Germany by
the worlds foremost pharmaceutical
house, Magnesia Oxoids stand as one OF
the great medical discoveries of all time!
Upon contact with the stomach acids,
these tablets Iiberate nascent or active
oxygen. The oxygen checks excess acid,
CONTRACTS the putrefaction processes and
sweetens and purifies the whole intesti-
nal tract. All the distress and misery
vanish and a new sense of vigor and
Well-being is restored.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
NeIU NeUs Weekly
Makes Debut Here

Advance copies of the first issue
of a new weekly news magazine,
the American Observer, devoting
itself to the fields of economics
and politics" were made available
here yesterday.
The magazine, designed primar-
lily for use in schools and colleges.
is sponsored by a group of prom
inent American educators, headed
by Charles A. Beard, political
economist and author.
The new journal is edited by
Walter E. Myer.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
BicenteNniGL Takes
NeUrO Writer'S SONG

wellington Adams, colored, of
l417 T st. N. W., teaCaer and
composer of music, has submitted
to the George washington Bicen-
tennial Commission a published
copy of his militant patriotic
song, Let Freedoms Music
Ring" which the commission has
accepted for it's bicentennial mu-
sic records. The song will prob
ably be sung August 20, 1882,
when Freedmen'S Day is observed
here in connection with the BIZ
centennial.
Adams song won the first of
the Wanamaker prizes for negro
compositions in 1927. He was
music editor of the Natiooal Bap-
tist hymbook in 1923.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
Washington WidOW
Licensed to MGrrU

A marriage license has been is
sued in New York city to Otis
E. Taylor, 38, Of Chicago, and
Mrs. Margaret r. Barton, 81, of
the Hay-Adams House here. Mrs
Barton, whose husband was H.
H. Barton, has passed the sum-
mer at her place at Magnolia,
Mass, and spends much of her
time travelling. She left here
few weeks ago with Europe as
her ultimate destination.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
CENSUS SHOWS
j. s. CHILDREN
ON DECLINE
Babies Under One Year Slump
66,464, Count DisCIoses;
Span of Life Lengthened

Indicating an actual decrease
in the number of children less
than five years old, the Census
Bureau today announced the
grouping of the population OF the
United States by ages.
In 1880, W IN the total pOpula-
ton was 122,775,O46, there were
2,19O,791 children of less than one
year, and 11,444, 800 younger than
five years. For the first group
this was a decrease Of sc, 464,
and for the second a drop of 1885,
$40 since the last census.
Increase in S to 9
There was a slight increase in
the number of children from 5
to 9 years between the 1920 and
1880 census, although last year
that group made up smaller per
centage of the entire population,
the fall having been from 1913
per cent in 1920 to 1913 per cent
in 1890. In the SO class were H.
COZ, ,609 children.
There were substantial In
creaSes in the population in the
ages from 35 years upward. Fer,
sons over 21 years in 1880 num-
bered 72,943,624, an increase OF
over 100000 in 10 years. This
class made up 594 per cent of the
population as compared with 57.6
per cent in 1920.
1,913,196 Over IS
The census figures showed there
were 1,913,196 persons in the
United States of rs years OF
over, an increase of 443 3,492, due
partially probably to the fact that
more accurate data was obtained
in 1880, and likewise to the
gradual increasing span of life.
The largest age group was that
between 35 and A years which
made up IA per cent of the popu'
lation, or 17,198,840, an increase
of about 5000, 1000 since 1920. The
bureau said:
"There are radical differences
in the age distribution as be-
tween the urban and the rural
areas of the United States. In
general, the percentage Of chill
dren is highest in the rural
farm population, and lowest in
the urban population.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
SUGrtzeU Farm
To BE AUctiOned

The 175acre Swart farm, near
Four Corners, Md, is to be sold
at auction September 18, at a
sale to be held at the Swartzell,
Rheem and Hensey Company
office, according to notices being
sent to creditors today by Fred
J. Eden, referee in bankruptcy.
The farm is one of the prop.
critics of the bankrupt mortgage
banking house, sale Of which was
authorized at a recent creditors
meeting.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
5-Day Acidity Test

See for yourself how much acid has TO do with
YOUR rundown condition and that persistent feel
ing of tiredneSs. Make this 5-daV acidity test,
Get package Of Magnesia Oxoids from Peoples
two after each meal for S days Note tie pick
I1p in your pep and vlgor. Mark the new peace
NJ your stomach and nerves II ) days use q
Maghesla Oxoids doesn't make YOU feel decidedly
better return the balance Of the bottle and the
druggist will promptly and cheerfully retund your
money. Now reduced to 75c package.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
PGrGde's Red Wagons s
Lure Boz, 4, AUGy

Those red wagons proved too
much yesterday for Uel Burt, 4,
OF 731 Sixth st. N. w.
Uel, with his mother ana
rather, Mr.. and Mrs. M. e. Burt,
was watching the Firemen's Pa.
rade when the 4-year-old strolled
off.
Two older boys noticed the boy
at Seventeenth and Pennsylvania
Avenue. They asked him his
name and address and then took
him home.
The Washington times., 1931-09-08
Liner Hears Concert,
$500 Miles AUnY

ABOARD S. S. VULCANIA,
Sept. 8.-An opera concert 4,500
miles away on the liner Roma
was picked up by short wave ap-
paratus on board the Vulcania.
Television swimming lessons
were also broadcast from the Co
lumbia studio in New York and
received aboard the Vulcania.