davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-28
AUTO INJURIES CHILD
Driver of Machine Held for Bad
Brakes in Accident.

Mary Cooper, 6, Of 1918 Potomac ave-
nue. southeast. was treated at Casualty
Hospital today for an injured ankle. sus-
tanned when knocked down by an auto
mobile operated by Raymond Addison,
%. colored. 1924 One half street south
east. in the 1900 block Of Potomac ave-
nue. southeast. The fire rescue squad
was summoned to the scene OF the acct
dent.
Addison was arrested by police Of No
4 prc cinct and charged with operating
his automobile with bad brakes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-28
Felt Death Approach.

ALLIANCE. Nebr., July % (P).-
Hiram Empfield. Is. rushed into ply
sician's office yesterday. yelled I'm
going to die" and then dropped
dead Physicians believed a heart all
ment. aggravated by the intense heat,
caused the death.
Evening star., 1931-06-23
FIRST RUBBER HEEL
MANUFACTURER DIES
Humphrey 0'Sullivan Was Promi-
nent nemocrat-Named Knight
Of st. Gregory.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LOWELL, Mass, June 23.-Hum-
phrey O'Sulnvan, n, manufacturer,
politician and knight Of ST. Gregory,
died yesterday. His name was In
variably associated with the product
which he invented and made world
famous-rubber heels.
In 1899 q quarter of q century after
he landed In New York an immigrant
from ireland, Humphrey O'Sullivan
conceived the idea of cushioned heel
He experimental on it In the small re-
tail shoe store he and his brother,
James, conducted in Lowell. Eventually
he patented it and the O'Sullivan Rub
Der Co. was incorporated to manufac-
ture and market the heel.
Humphrey O'Sullivan became treas
urer and advertising manager of the
new concern. with James acting as
president.
The O'Sullivan brothers sold their
interest In the invention about is
years ago.
He contributed generously to the
Democratic party both locally and ma
tionally. In recognition of his activi-
ties as a Roman Catholic layman he
was made knight of st. Gregory by
Pope Benedict in 1925.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

motor in Washington yesterday from
their home in Austinburg, Ohio, and
are planning on spending some time in
Washington, staying at Wardman Park
Hotel.
Mr. and Mrs. Louis Michaels of Rich
mond, Va, accompanied by their small
son, Mr. Louis Michaels, jr, are at
Wardman Park Hotel for two or three
days.
Miss Ruth v. Anderson of 30S Key
Boulevard, Lyon Village, Va. whose
marriage to Mr.. Robert NJ. Eads will
take place tomorrow, was surprised
with kitchen shower, which was held
in the lovely garden Of Miss Lila Gil
lespie and Miss Phoebe Gillespie on
Riverside drive In Potomac Heights,
D. c., Saturday. Tea was served on
the veranda. Those who attended were
Mrs. Thomas G. Anderson, mother Of
the guest of honor, and her sister, Mrs.
S. P. Garden: Mrs. Warren and her
daughters, Miss Mary Warren and Miss
Edwardina Warren; Mrs. Blake, Miss
Elsie Patterson, Miss Martha Bennett,
Miss Lucie Wiltshire. Miss Clara Purvee,
Miss Lillian Deibler and Miss V. L.
Beall.
Evening star., 1931-06-23
Smoking Goods Warned.

The girls attending the Michigan
State Normal School at Ypsilanti may
smoke If they desire, but If they have
had better not make use of the ciga-
rette. The conduct of the girls will be
watched as they pass through the col
lege and after they have left and ap-
ply for anything in the way of recon-
mendation the fact of their smoking
habits will be noted, and this will in all
probability result in their failure to get
a position as teacher. Many school
boards in that State have committed
themselves against employing teachers
who smoke.
Evening star., 1931-06-23
SOUTH AFRICANS PLAN
LAW SIMILAR TO U. S.
Former Boer Proposes Governor
General Elected by
People.
BY Gable to The Star.

BY Gable to The Star.
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa,
June 23.-Radical changes in the
South African constitution, bringing it
in line with that of the United States,
are proposed by Gen. j. c. c.. Kemp,
minister Of agriculture and former
Boer rebel leader.
Gen. Kemp's plan. submitted to the
cabinet, provides that governor-gen-
eral be appointed by the people instead
of the King of England and this execu
tive would head government that
would remain in power during his
term. Executive responsibilities similar
to those of the American President
are prescribed. Gen. Kemps pro-
posal is strongly opposed by the local
British section, which sees in it an
attempt to destroy the last link with
the crown. 1t is regarded as scheme
for introducing republicanism by the
back door.
(Copyright, 1917
Evening star., 1931-06-23
Facts About Longevity.

The longest-lived people In the world
are New Zealanders. The average age
Is So for men and IS for women.
In Europe, Denmark shows the best
figures-60 years for men and 50 for
women.
In France the average life 70 about
7h years shorter than In England. In
Germany, the figures are the same rs
ours. In America the average life "a
SO years.
The figures for India are tragic. The
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Disciples Home for the Aged win be
held Wednesday July /, from to 10
O'Clock, at 2S00 Thirteenth street north
west.
Besides the usual refreshments OF ice
cream, cake, candy and punch, there
will be some new features OF interest
to all. The public is welcome.
Miss Catherine Olney of Worcester,
Mass, president Of Quota Clubs Inter-
national, has arrived in Washington and
is at the Mayflower, where headquarters
have been established for the meeting
of her organization. which will begin
tomorrow and continue through Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. william Parker Of
Bartlesville, Okla, are passing some
time at the Carlton.
Miss Madelyn Ingles of Hollywood
Calf, has taken an apartment at Ward
man Park Hotel. where she Will make
her home in the future.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. T. Brownell of Tus-
caloosa, Ala, are at the Dodge Hotel
during their brief stay in the Capital
Mr.. and Mrs. Don Kessler Of San
Francisco, Calf, are at the Carlton for
several days, accompanied by their
daughter, Miss Elinor Kessler,. and Mrs.
J. e. Adams.
Miss Mary r. Heating of Trenton
N. j., and Miss Frances We'll of Rich
mond, Va, are spending some time in
Washington, staying at Wardman Park
Hotel.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

The annual garden party Of the
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Mr.. and Mrs. w. T. Brownell of Tus-
caloosa, Ala. are at the Dodge Hotel
during their brief stay in the Capital.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

will hold their annual picnic tomorrow
at $50 o'clock in Rock Greek Park,
section Is, on Beach drive. The chair
man of arrangements is Mrs. March
Phillips. assisted by Mrs. James Cum
ming and Mrs. Howard EaleS.
of Detroit, Mich, who are spending a
few days In Washington, will enter
tain at a dinner this evening in the
Garden House of the Dodge Hotel
Covers will be laid for 80 guests.
Mrs H. z. Barnard OF Indianapolis
Ind, with her daughter, is staying at
Wardman Park Hotel while in WASH
ington.
The annual garden party Of the
Evening star., 1931-06-23
Cotton and Linen.

To retain that fresh, new appearance
in cotton and linen garments never
allow them to become badly soiled.
Launder them frequently in warm suds.
rinse several times in clear water, then
dip in thin, we'll cooked starch just be-
fore drying them.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Rumors of an imminent monarchist
coup detat, to be led by Gen. Anido,
to put Den Jaime of Bourbon, 60-year-
old Carlist pretender, on the Spanish
throne, were published in several eve
ming papers in Spain. The rumors, as
published, reported that Gen. Anido
former captain general of Barcelona,
was on his way to the Province of
Navarro, in the north, to lead an army
in an attempt to place Don Jaime on
the throne. Underwood Photo.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Mrs. Ronald Fairfax of Roanoke, Va,
Is in Washington for few days and is
at the MayfiOWer.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

average age Il only "a for males and %
for females.
Out Of every 1000 people, only six
live to be over 90 years old. All of us
who have lived to be so have beaten
the average.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Miss Edith A. McDougle. after few
days with her parents, Rev. and Mrs.
L. T. McDougle Of this city, has gone
to Chicago to resume her studies in
higher mathematics and physics at the
University of Chicago.
Evening star., 1931-06-23

Cereals can be varied by serving
them with a few stoned and halved
dates, or seedless raisins instead of
with sugar, or when cooking the cereal
use half milk and half water, instead
of all water, and add a few raisins.
Serve hot or cold with milk or cream.
Children will like this especially,
Evening star., 1931-06-23
Women's Auxiliary Gives
Annual Dance This Evening.

WOmenS AuXLlaFy UIVtS
Annual Dance This Evening.
The Women's Auxiliary Of the Dis
trict of Columbia Dental Society VIII
give its annual dance in the Wesley
Heights Club this evening. Mrs. Thomas
Rice is president of the auxiliary and
Mrs. Alan Scott Wolf is in charge Of
arrangements for the dance. Her COM
mittee includes Mrs. Otto Wendt, Mrs
James L. Barnard and Mrs. Charles L..
Smith. The auxiliary was formed for
the purpose of giving free dental service
to needy children and maintains q free
clinic at Children's Hospital under the
care of dental surgeon.
The members of the Washington AL
lance of Delta Delta Delta Fraternity
Evening star., 1931-06-23

France viii aid cooperative societies
Of the country by reducing freight rates
on agricultural products and through
selective wheat cultivation.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
NEWSPAPER
IS ORDERED
CONF|SCATED
Too Late Forbidde n
Troops New Distribut-
ed to Public

TOKYO, Dec. 19.-Because of an
alleged violation of government
edict against publishing troop
movement details, the Japan Adj
vertiser, English Language news
paper of this city, published yes
terday morning, was ordered con-
fiscated by the Government. 1t had
published forbidden details about
the movement Of troops to Man
churia.
But the edition was not confis-
Gated after all. When the police
arrived at the newspaper plant to
carry out the order, it was ex-
planned that the days distribution
was fully completed. The police
graciously accepted the explanation
and retired. 1t is not known, how
ever, if the Government will be
content to let the matter drop
there, or if will impose other pun
iShment.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
GERMANY IS
INSISTING ON
Geneva MEET
Disarmament Con ference
Must Be Held in Feb
ruary on Schedule
THREAT Is CONVEYED,
OFFICIAL STATEMENT
Armaments Must Be Re-
duced or Certain Ac-
ton Is Indicated

BERLIN, Dec. 19-Germany will
insist on the Geneva disarmament
conference being held beginning on
February 2, as scheduled, it was
officially revealed here today. There
must be no delay in the meeting,
it was declared.
If the conference fails to reduce
ornaments, which Germany is
convinced must be done as pre-
liminary to economic recovery, then
Germany will have to take such
action as she deems necessary, and
Europe will have to take the conSe-
quenceS.
Germany will join forces with the
United States and Great Britain
to combat the French attitude, it
was said. But she will not assume
the lead in opposition. Either the
United States or Great Britain
will have to do that.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
HOUSE 0KEHS
HOOVER DEBT
SUSPENSION
Approval M easure Goes
Through with Demo-
cratic Support
CONGRESS OPPOSES
FURTHER REDUCTION
Bill Places House on Rec
ord Against Cancella-
ton or Reduction

WASHINGTON, D. c., Dec. 49,
The House of Representatives APP
proved President Hoover's mora
torium last night by an overwhelm-
ing majority. The vote was BIT
for the measure and 100 against it.
The bill now goes to the Senate
for completion of the ratification
An amendment was included in
the bill placing the House of Rep
resentatives on record as opposed
to the cancellation or reduction of
European war debts.
The American Administration has
proposed a revision of the European
debts as a measure separate and
apart from the moratorium.
The vote of approval followed an
afternoon of vigorous debate which
occasionally touched upon person.
alities.
James w. Collier, Democrat, of
Mississippi, Chairman of the Ways
and Means Committee, led the de-
bate for ratification of the mora
forum. He called upon the House
for nonpartisan action He de-
clared that the Presidents step was
taken to steady the swaying eco
Monies of Germany.
In the debate which followed
two Democrats opposed ratification.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
ESTELLE Will
NOT CONTEST
RENO DECREE
With d II avs Suit So that
Jack Can Win Back
Championship

LOS ANGELES, Dec. 19.-Estelle
Taylor today withdrew her di-
vorce suit against Jack Dempsey
here and announced she would per-
nit the Reno decree obtained by
Jack to stand uncontested.
A property settlement was made
by which Miss Taylor received The
Hollywood home, two fine automo-
biles and other personal property
and the settlement of large
amount of household bills.
Miss Taylor said she was with
drawing her suit so that Dempsey
could go out and win back the
worlds heavyweight boxing crown
which he lost after he married her.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
RAILWAYS Will
REDUCE WAGES
OF ALL LABOR
Executives of 100 Roads
Notify Employees Will
Make IS Per Cent Cut

NEW YORK, Dec. 19.-Repre-
sentatives of more than 100 rail-
roa dexecutives Friday told repre-
sentatives of their operating en-
ployees that they would negotiate
to a conclusion" their wage and
unemployment problems.
At the same time they informed
the employees they would invoke
the Railway Labor act to serve no.
tice that would put into effect a
Is per cent reduction in the wages
of all classes of employees"
The rail executives gave no in
timation of what they would con-
slider satisfactory agreement, but
it is believed a compromise may be
affected on the basis of a 10 per
cent reduction, probably conditioned
on an assurance of employment to
the men.
The Railway Labor Act requires.
any reduction notice must be filed
with the Interstate Commerce Com
mission 30 days in advance. During
the interim negotiations can be-
gin.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
EVACUATION
OF CHINCHOW
IS DEMANDED
Ultimatum Will Be Sent to
Chinese Government
Immediately
JAPANESE TAKING
FIRM STAND NOW
Drastic Measures Will Be
Resorted to Unless
Order Obeyed

TOKYO, Japan, Dec. 10. - A
Rengo dispatch from Mukden said
an ultimatum will be sent to the
Chinese authorities demanding the
withdrawal of Chinese troops from
Chinchow, to a point within the
Great Wall and this to be done
within stipulated time.
This report is virtually confirmed
in authoritative quarters here.
1t is also understood Gen. HOMO
will issue statement declaring he
will be compelled to resort to
drastic measures if the Chinese
fail to comply with the withdrawal
notice.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
SOCIETY
WOMAN ROUCHS
IT IN ALASKA
Mrs. Edward M. Biddle to
Spend Winter Not Far
from Arctic

Rich and restless, Mrs. Edward
M. Biddle of the famous Phila-
delphia family of the name, who
has been presented at all the great
courts of Europe and who is prom
inent in the most exclusive society
of the United States, stepped from
the warm, well-lighted salon of the
steamship Admiral Evans last ev-
ening to the gale-swept deck OF
the craft, clutched the guard ropes
of the gangplank as she descended
with hating, mincing steps to the
slipper, frozen surfaces of the wharf
to walk, despite swirling snow and
wintry blasts, to the business dis
trict. She leisurely window-shopped
through it and then, afoot, re-
turned, with eyes sparkling and
cheeks aglow, to the vessel bump
ing at the Admiral Line dock.
Tall and Slender
Mrs. Biddle is twenty-nine, tall,
slender, dark-haired and brown
eyed. Quite unaffected in manner.
She has been married ten years. Her
husband and three children, in the
palatial family home in Philadel-
pfia, are pegging on a large map
spread upon a table in the library
the progress of her venturesome
journey north, being kept advised
of its various stages by daily mes
sages from her.
Mrs. Biddle will disembark from
the Evans at Seward. She plans to
travel over the Alaska Railroad to
Fairbanks. There she expects to
take an airplane to Fort Yukon.
Then she will go by dog team up
the Porcupine river perhaps as far
as Rampant House, just on the Ca
madam side of the International
Boundary and last Northwest
Mounted Police Post short Of the
Arctic shore.
May Return By Water
She may retrace the route on
return, but if she stays in the
barren country in the neiborhood
of Rampant House, peopled by
only very few white and Eskimo
trappers, for six months or so, as
she plans now, she may go back to
the States, by rowboat down the
Porcupine to Fort Yukon, steam
boat down the Yukon River to
st. Michael and thence by steam
ship to Nome and Seattle.
The intrepid traveller was inter-
viewed at home before she start
ed on the trip; at New York, where
she bought part of her outfit, at
every train stop westward across
the continent, and at all ports of
call between Seattle and Juneau.
She said she could be quoted as
follows:
I've been married ten years.
From the time I was nineteen un-
til now I've lived like any other
girl with certain amount OF
money and a conventional back
ground.
But in the last few years / got
well, not exactly impatient. but
curious to know what life was like
When you came down to the bare
essentials of food and warmth and
death. wanted to go TO Alaska
two years ago, but the explorer
who fired my imagination about
CONTINUED on Page XWW
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
F0SHAY CASE
is UP AGAIN
ON LIABILITY
Is Denied by Judge
Double Assessment Petition
Dickinson

MINNEAPOLIS, MINI, Dec. 49,
Judge H. d. Dickinson dismissed
the petition for a double liability
assessed again 1900 stockholders
of the Foshay Investment Corpora
ton in the County District Court
yesterday. No assessment will be
ordered, Jacob Josiah Brill, re-
ceiver, said.
Claims against the corporation
exceeded $3,O0O,000 Attorneys for
the creditors indicated they will
take an immediate appeal to the
State Supreme Court from Judge
Dickinson's order.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
CANCELLATION
OF WAR DEBTS
INSISTED UPON
Holland, Switzerland a n d
Sweden Demand Step
to Be Taken
Associated Press Photo

BASEL, Dec. 19.-Insistence by
three neutral members, Holland,
Switzerland and Sweden, on COM
plete cancellation of World War
PREPARATIONS, may delay report
of the Young Plan Advisory Com
mittee examining Germany's ca
pacity to pay.
Other members concerned with
war payments agreed the public
is not ready to accept such a
bold step even if the committee
we're to include it in recommen-
dations.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
HAINES SCORES
AT BASKETBALL

The following scores were made
in the basketball games played at
Haines (Chilkoot Barracks, last
night:
White Pass 10; Douglas High
School 10.
Douglas Firemen q; Juneau Fire
men II.
The hoopsters from Gastineau
Channel left the Barracks on the
Torrance at 1880 O'Clock this
morning and are due to arrive late
this afternoon or evening.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
BOOTLECCERS
DIVIDED into
TWO CLASSES
Dishonest Ones Will Be
Shown No Mercy by
Los Angeles Judge

LOS ANGELES, Cal, Dec. 49,
Bootleggers are divided into two
classes in the court of Judge c. T.
Simon, local municipal magistrate.
They are either honest or dis
honest.
On the latter Judge Simon m
tends to have no mercy. Today,
after defendant before him had
admitted to adulteration of liquor
under a well known label, the Judge
commented: 80, you are dis
honest bootlegger," and gave him
four months.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
Streamlining of
Trains Produces
Airplane Speed

NEW YORK, Dec. Upstream
lining of the trains and automo-
biles promises cheap high speed
sufficient to challenge aviation in
calculations reported to the Ameri-
can Society Of Mechanical Engin-
GERS.
Streamlined railroad trains, said
o. G. Tietjens, and K. C. Ripley
of the Westinghouse company, can
jump their speeds from 80 to 100
miles an hour at a cost of only
two-tenths Of cent a mile for
each day-coach passenger.
Simply way waxing and polishing
one streamlined model locomotive,
the scientists reduced their resist
ance more than 10 per cent.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
U. S. WORRIED
OVER EVENTS
IN MANCHURIA
Communication, in Positive
Terms, Is Given to
Japanese

WASHINGTON, d. c., Dec. 19.---
A new expression of concern over
the Manchurian situation, in
friendly but positive terms, has
been communicated to Japan by
the United States Government
through Ambassador Forbes on
Secretary of State Stimsons in
structionS.
1t is emphasized to the Japanese
Foreign office that obligations I'M
der treaties be respected.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
CULBERTSONA AND
.L|CH NER TAKE
ninth SESSION
Capture Six Out of Nine
Rubbers Friday Night
Now Lead by 7,l95

NEW YORK, Dec. 19-Ely Gull
bertson and Theodore A. Lightner
gained a greater lead in Friday
nights session, the ninth of the
series of a 150-rubber contract
bridge marathon, than Sidney LEM
and Oswald Jacoby achieved during
the early stages of the so-caled
bridge worlds series.
The Culbertson team took six
of the sessions nine rubbers last
night, and wound up with 1915
points to the good. The rubber
standing of the series is "a for
Culbertson> and 30 for LEM.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
CANISTER DIES
BR0KE;PALS TO
BURY DIAMOND

NEW YORK, Dec. 10 = Jack
LEGS" Diamond, gangster, shot and
killed in his hotel apartment at
Albany early yesterday morning,
died broke. His widow looks to his
pals for funds with which to bury
him. The Albany police have been
notified from Boston, where the
widow has been located, to hold
Marion "Kiki" Roberts, the gang
ster's sweetheart for questioning
She denied knowing anything about
the Staying of Diamond.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
sCOUR ROME's FACE

ROME-Time- stained stones that
form the public buildings of Rome
are to CLEAN with a pristine white
ness. Instructions for cleaning
up by sand-blast have been issued.
the work to be finished by october,
1882, the tenth anniversary of the
fascist march on Rome.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
COCKEE
MAKES RECORD
With GLIDE
Remains Aloft for Twenty
one Hours, Thirty
six Minutes

HONOLULU, H. l., Dec. 49,
Lieut.. William A. Cockee, of the
United States Army, landed his
glider here yesterday ate rstaying
aloft for 81 hours and SO minutes.
He laid claim to a new worlds
endurance record which was for
merly held by Ferdinand Schulz,
of Germany. Schulz remained in
the air for only IA hours and 7
minutes.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
T,oo Participants, Armistice
Day Riots in Centralia, on
Parole List of Coz. Hartley

ing a time in the insane ward of
the penitentiary, and another died
in prison a year ago.
The American Service men killed
were Warren Grimm, Arthur Nc
Elfresh, Ben Casagranda and Dale
Hubbard
Those sent to the penitentiary
were Britt Smith, James McIner-
ney. John Lamb, Bert Bland, Ray
Decker, j. Barrett, o. G. Bland
and Eugene Barnett.
Eighty -one inmates of the peni-
Tertiary and reformatory are on
the list Of those paroled for Christ
mas.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-19
Leningrad to Be
Soviet Model by
$33,OOO,OOO Plan

LENINGRAD. Dec. 10. = Great
enthusiasm has been evoked by an
nouncement of the government s
plans to spend s33 ,OOO, 900 next year
to make Leningrad the model SOW
let city.
The plans call for increasing
housing accommodations fourfold,
building new trolley lines and new
water supply system, increasing
the park area and extending the
area of paved streets.