davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
Akron Is Awarded
July I8 Balloon Race

Senator Hiram Bingham, presi-
dent of the National Aeronautic
Association, today announced that
the associations contest commit
tee has located the 1881. Ma
tional Balloon race at Akron,
Ohio, and that the contest will
be held on July 18. The con-
test will be limited to eight bal
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
1000 A. M.

WMAI.-Helen and Mary.
WOL-Red Cross program.
| WBAL--Cele ebrated sayings
! 1O:15-WRC-Radio Household Ins.i-
tute
WOI.-Musical interlude
| 1O:3O-WRC-keys to Happiness
| WMAL-Coumhia Revue
| WOL-TuberCulosis AssoCia ton.
| WBAI.-Piano moods.
| acknowledgements program.
| WBAI=Al and Pete
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
11:OO A. M.

WRC-On Wings of Song.
WMAL-Don BiGelow Orchestra
WBAL-VoCal Varieties.
1l:l5-WRC-Moods and Memories.
WOL-Request Program
WBAL-Breen and de Rose.
ll:30-WRC-Teddy Black Orchestra
WBAL-Adam and Eve.
11:45-WOI4-Organ Melodies.
WBAL-Organ Melodies.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
TOMoRROW's PROGRAMS
800 A. M.
500 A. M.
900 A. M.

WRC-Hits and Bits.
WMAL-The Ambassad doris with
Virginia Arnold.
WBAL-DanCe miniature
9:l5-WRC-Musical program.
9:30-WM MAI-Sa Ion Orchestra.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
800 P. M.

wRC-Beauty talk.
WMAL-Light Opera Gems
WOL-Sports hour.
wBAL-More Truth than Poetry
S:1S-WRC-Radio Guild.
WBAL-Same as WRC.
a:45-WMAI-Edna Thomas.
WOL-Rodney Hart. pianist.
8s50-WMAL-Chats with the Weather
~ Man.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
WAVE LENGTHS

WMAL~-I75.9 meters. $50 kilO-
cycles.
WRC-3t5 meters, $50 kilOCycles.
WOI~229 meters, 1910 kilOcycies.
WJSV-2OS meters. 1850 kilO-
cycles.
WBAL tBaItimOre) 1890 kilO-
cycles.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
400 P. M.

WMAL-Ryder Cup matches.
wOI-Dance music.
A:I5-WRC-Word news by Mrs
Herbert S Owen.
WBAL-Firesde songs.
:S0-WRC-Internation decoration.
WMAL--John Kelvin, Irish tenor
WOL--March of music.
WBAL-Little Orphan Annie.
&:45-WRC-Tea Timers.
WMAL-Winegar's Orchestra.
WBAL-Stock market report.
AahA--W WRC-Cnrrect time
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
DON'T MISS THESE

500 n. m.-keepinE Up With
Inc Times. Sport talk. WMAL.
S:lS p. m.-The Stebbins Boys.
WRC.
500 D. m.-Kate Smith and
her Swanee Music. WMAL.
1900 D. m.-Jessica Dragonette
and Cavaliers. WRC.
300 D. m.-The reparations
holiday from q Democrats stand
point. BY Senator Pat Harrison.
WMAL.
$3.50 u. m.-Ken Murray and
others on the R-K-O program.
WRC.
1l:OO D. m.-GeOrge Olsen's
Band. WMAL.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26

We offer radio which makes the whole count,
Volume Control which counteracts fading, It hold,
them at constant levels More than this, it prevents
the shock of strong stations blasting in when yot
are changing the tuning Its Tone Control interpret.
the programs with four degrees of tone quality, brit
liant" "bright" mellow" or ~deep," whichever yot
prefer.
Look for the word ~Superheterodyne" on NE alts
minated toning dial before you buy. You will find
on every Phico, from the 7-tc6e Baby Grand 10 th|
great SuperheterodsnsPlus with II tebes.
The Washington times., 1931-06-26
TODAYS RADIO PROGRAM

10 O:3O-wRC-Vincent Lopez Orchestra.
WMAL-Morton Downey with
Renard Orchestra.
WBAL-Alumni Glee Club.
1O:l5-WMAI-Paul Ash Orch estra.
WJSN-Chesapeake Beach Or
Chestra.
II 100 P. M.
WRC-Weather Report.
WMAL-GeorGe Olsen Orches-
ira.
WBAI.--Cab Galloway Orches-
ira.
II I:01-WRC-Paul Whiteman Orches-
ira
IL 1:3O-wRC-Larrv Funk Orchestra.
WMAL-Ann Leaf and Ben
Alley
WBAL-Henry Busse Orchestra
1900 MIDNIGHT
WRC-LaSalle Orchestra.
WMAL-Weather Report.
12:30-WRC-Tea 12 Garden Orchestra.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
WOMAN GIVES UP
IN TRUNK MURDERS
Mrs. Judd Claims She Killed
Two in SeIf-Defense
After Being Shot.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES. october 24.-Mur-
muring a story of self-defense, Mrs.
Winnie Ruth Judd, 2o-year-old physi-
clans wife and minister daughter, sur
rendered here last night to face charge
Of numbering Miss Hedvig Samuelson
and Mrs. Agnes lie Roi whose bodies
were sent to Los Angeles from Phoenix
in trunks last Monday.
The frail, attractive young woman.
after hiding four days, eluding one OF
the greatest army of police searchers
ever organized here. emerged to give
herself up to her attorneys and to re-
ceive treatment for bullet wound in
her left hand.
Goes TO Undertakes.
BY Encouragement. she took refuge
in the funereal atmosphere OF an I'M
dertaking parlor, where she gave her-
self IN to her attorneys and was con-
ferrine with them about her defense
when the police rushed in. They mao
been informed of her intention to sur
render. -. 49,
Fear of lockjaw developing from the
bullet wound, she said, led to her sur
render. II is on thai wound. she mt
mated that she will base her SELL
defense plea-that she shot tne t"o
women to protect herself.
AT the Georgia Street Receiving nus.
initial Mrs. Judd underwent an operdtloii
for the removal of the bullet.
"Oh. doctor, I gave myself up because
II hurt so much" she mumbled on tne
operating table, apparently lnten1li1s
her remarks for her husband. Dr' WI
liam g. Judd, II was afraid OF LOCK
jaw"
Expresses No Regrets.
After the effects of the aneStnetlc
had passed, Mrs. Judd was sen-pos-
sessed. expressing no regrets LOT Gile
act charged to her. but at times she De-
came almost hysterlcal.
Il had gone to the girls nome 70 re- re-
nonstrate with Miss Samuelson Ioi
some nasty things she had SAID apou ..
Mrs, LIE Roi," Mrs. Judd was quoted 0y
her attorneys as saying.
Miss Samuelson got hold OF a plsVoi
and shot Mrs. Judd in the lett hano'
according to the won,an's story:
II struggled with her and tne gui,
fell" Mrs Judd's story, as related oy
her attorneys, continued. MRS. Le no,
grabbed an ironing board ana starteo
to strike me with 1t.
I'm the struggle got hold OF tne
CONTINUED on Page 2, Column 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
HOLD 6 IN PLOT TO SAVE
BANK WITH COUNTERFEIT
Secret Service Agents Say Group
Tried to Buy Fake Currency
in Mexican Town.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Ell PASO, Tex, october PA 1uthe
scheme to save q Colorado bank from
failure, allegedly involving purchase OF
counterfeit United States currency, mas
been revealed by secret service agents
here.
Six men were under arrest, including
a bank official, and agents said charges
of conspiracy to secure, import and
distribute counterfeit currency would De
flied against them.
Hal E. Woolsey, cashier of the Union
State Bank of Yuma, Colo, which closed
recently, and Forrest c. Fail, produce
merchant of Yuma, were held at Wray'
Colo; Glenn Whittier and Pearl Moore
of Denver and Kansas City, were IN
custody at Wichita, Kans., and Two
other men were in jail at FL Paso.
Agents said one of the conspirators
was given $1,000 with which to BUY
$4,000 In counterfeit currency from a
Juarez, Mexico, dealer. but later re-
ported to the men who had given MN
the money that he had been swindled
and had not obtained the counterfeit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
LAVAL FAUX PAS"
D|STURBS CAPITAL
Fear Expressed in High Quar-
tiers That Slight to Borah
May Affect Mission.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Two diplomatic bombshells exploded
yesterday afternoon and last night
amidst the festivities which are being
held in Washington in honor Of Premier
Laval and the French Yorktown Mis-
sion.
afternoon when Senator Borah gave
with his usual frankpess, his views on
the Versailles treaty, reparations, debts
and disarmament.
Some OF the French correspondents
regarded Mr.. Borah's views as mod
crate. At one time the Senator OF
Idaho was as popular as the Kaiser
among the French correspondents
They consequently expected some dec
larations which would indicate that the
Senator was irrevocably opposed to any
agreement Of any kind with the govern
ment of the French republic.
The fact that Mr.. Borah admitted
that Germany ought to pay the I'M
conditional part of the Young plan
pleased some of the French correspond
ents, who cabled to their Paris offices
that even Senator Borah seems to begin
to realize the Importance of an under
standing with France. The represent
atives of the Nationalist French press
naturally discussed at length Mr..
Borahs ideas on the revision of the
Versailles treaty, especially the part re-
ferring to the Dantzig corridor.
Second Bomb Explodes.
On the whole the Senator's state
ments were received favorably by the
correspondents Of the moderate French
press. Moderate and Nationalist news
paper men expected Mr.. Borahs decla-
rations to be much more intransigent.
1t gave them all good copy and nobody
thought more about them. Everybody
went to the reception the French en-
bassy gave to Field Marshal Petain.
Here the second and more powerful
bombshell exploded. Late in the eve
ming it was rumored that Mr.. Laval
had issued statement to a French
news agency in which he attacked the
chairman of the Senate's Foreign Re-
lations Committee AT first nobody
wanted to believe that the French
premier, who has a we'll established
reputation of having a cool Judgment
and of never getting entangled in a
(Continued on Page 8. Column IL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
GRANDI LEAVES ROME
FOR VISIT TO BERLIN
italian Foreign Minister Will Re-
turn Call of German States
man. Made Last Summer.
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ROME, October 24-Dino Grandi,
black-bearded and flashing-eyed young
Italian foreign minister, was on his
way to Berlin today to return the visit
to Rome made by the German chancel-
lor. Heinrich Bruening. and former for
eign minister, Julius CurtiuS, last
Summer.
Signor Grandi will remain in Berlin
until Monday and after his return here
will Immediately begin preparing for
his trip to Washington next month
to confer with President Hoover.
Premier Mussolini has promised to
visit Berlin later, and Rome expects
further collaboration between Germany
and Italy to result from the confer
ences. Signor Grandi is expected to
discuss the Balkan situation on this
visit, where Italy is anxious to build
up a friendly block to Offset the French
alliance with Jugoslavia, Rumania and
Czechoslovakia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
ONLY 4 POLICEMEN
IN 1O7 FAIL TEST
List Not Made Public, but
Retirement November |
Is Indicated.

Only 4 Of the more than 100 men,
bers OF the Police Department who I'M
derwent rigid physical examination
this week before the Board of Police
and Fire Surgeons were found physi-
cally incapacitated for further duty, it
was learned today. and indications are
they will be placed on the retired list
November /. the date set for the re-
tirement of Mai. Henry G. Pratt. super
intendent, and Inspector William S.
Shelby, assistant superintendent and
executive officer.
The names of the four officers we're
not disclosed, but it is understood the
examining board placed them in class
G, a rating which carries with it a
recommendation for immediate retire.
ment. The recommendations Of the
examining board will be acted on by the
Police and Firemen's Retiring and Relief
Board at special meeting Monday
morning at 10 o'clock in the board
room Of the District Building.
Delayed Until Monday.
The retirement board had originally
planned to consider the examining
boards report at its regular meeting
this morning, but a delay in the sub
mission Of the findings caused post
ponement until Monday. The report
of the doctors. it was said, was hot re-
ceived at police headquarters until 8
o'clock last night, which allowed insult
f1cient time to prepare digest of the
examinations and notify the four men
found physically incapacitated to APP
pear before the board at 10 o'clock this
morning.
The four men slated for retirement
were included in the group of lot over
SIS years of age who were ordered be-
fore the medical board. Maj. Pratt
headed this group and immediate action
was taken in his case when the doctors
reported him to be suffering from heart
trouble and defective vision. Among
the others were Inspectors Louis ]. Stoll
and Albert j. Headley, three veteran
captains and four headquarters detec-
tive seargeants
In addition to postponement in action
of the report of the Medical Board, it
appeared likely that there also would be
a delay in disposition of the findings
Continued on Page 2, Column 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
HARRISON AND DICKINSON OPEN
TARIFF BATTLE IN IOWA TONIGHT
Secrecy Wells Attack and Defense of Senators Reaching
Scene of First Debate.

least is indicated by plans announced
by Democratic leaders that conferences
are pending at which campaigns for
revision will be outlined for the coming
Winter.
On Monday night the two Senators,
each OF whom Is q recognized leader in
his respective camp, will appear again
In Omaha, debating the same subject
Tonight the debate will begin at
o'clock. Senator Harrison will be CIV
en- 20 minutes before the Iowa Repub-
lic2n's discussion of similar length. The
Mississippian finally will have three
minutes for rebuttal.
The program will be broadcast at
o'clock (E. S. To over the Columbia
Broadcasting System. and take the place
of the National Radio Forum, ar
ranged by The washington Star, which
usually is heard from Washington each
Saturday night
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
MAN DIES WHILE DRIVING
CAR ON DAVIS STREET
Victim Believed to Be George l.
Cain-Auto Comes to Stop on
Terrace of Lawn.

A middle-aged man, believed to have
bcen George L. Cain, 2442 Huidekoper
street. dropped dead today while driv-
ing his automobile on Davis street near
Wisconsin avenue.
AS the man slumred sideways in the
drivers seat, the car mounted the curb,
careened across the sidewalk and came
to a stop about halfway up the terrace
of lawn. Residents of the neighbour
hood notified seventh precinct police,
who III turn summoned DR.. Thomas
Bradley Of Emergency Hospital staff.
Dr.. Bradley pronounced the man
dead. The man had no drivers permit
nor registration card. but was tenta-
lively Identified as Cain by the papers
found in the back CT his automobile.
A check-up at police headquarters re-
vealed the car was listed in Gains
name.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
Official Communique on Con-
ferences Expected to BE Is
sued at Time of LavaFs
Departure.
DUE TO MEET BORAH
AT STIMSON'S DINNER
Message Is Sent Chairman of For
eign Relations Committee Ex-
planning That Remarks Follow
ing Interview Yesterday Was
Not Intended as Rebuke.

BY the Associated Press.
An agreement to coordinate
French and American banking
resources for world stability
was reached today by Presi-
dent Hoover and Premier
Laval.
Some progress was made also
in discussions of war debt and
reparation adjustment, but de-
tails necessarily were left in
definite.
A statement outlining the
results of the "a hours of con-
ference at the White House will
be issued later, probably at
3 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
LADY MAY CAMBRIDGE
WEEDS, OMITTING "OBEY"
Ceremony With Capt. Henry Abel
Smith, a Commoner, First of
Kind in Royal Line.
BIZ the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BALCOMBE. England. october "a
Lady May Cambridge, niece of Queen
Mary and daughter of the Earl Of
Athlone. was married today to Capt
Henry Abel Smith, commoner, in a
wedding service from which the word
'obey" was omitted.
Archbishop William Carter. former
archbishop of Cape Town, performed
the ceremony, using the service Of the
new revised prayer book. Lady May
was the first royal bride in England
who did not promise at the altar 10
obey her husband.
She wore the priceless lace wedding
veil her Aunt Mary wore SO years ago
when she married the Duke Of York.
now King George v. Her dress was Of
antique satin, following in soft folds to
her ankles. There was a lustrous satin
train and the sleeves were long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
CAR CRASH KILLS BROKER
One Of Lindbergh's Paris Flight
Backers Is Injured.

ST. LOUIS, October "a (P1.-Oliver
]. Anderson, investment broker. was
instantly killed. and Harold M. Bixby,
one of the hackers of Lindbergh's New
York to Paris flight, suffered a broken
arm when the automobile in which they
we're riding plunged into ditch near
st. Charles, Mo-, this morning.
Harry H. Knight, in whose car they
were riding and Edgar Quinn, the
fourth member of the party, escaped
injury when the automobile crashed
from the highway. The four were
en- route TO- Q Missouri River club house
for q duck hunt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
COLUMNlST ON HEALTH
LEAVES S1O3,34O ESTATE
DR.. Lulu Hunt Peters, Who Died
in June, Makes Requests
to Relatives.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, october 24-Dr. Lulu
Hunt Peters, author Of works on health
and diet and columnist on health sub
jects, who died June 81, 1880, left a
gross estate of s1o3,34o and a net of
S95,929, it was disclosed by transfer
tax appraisal filed Thursday.
G. Edward Hunt, brother, of SAGA
tella, Calf, received life interest in
$4,000; Dawson Perkins, a nephew, a
hequest of $4,000; Alice Perkins. a
niece. a bequest of $4,000, and Anna
Perkins. a sister, legacy of $4,000
and life interest in $34.846. The last
three beneficiaries reside in Los Angeles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
b. the Associated Press.

SIOUX CITY. Iowa, October "a
Heavy artillery for firing opening salvos
in the Winters tariff battle we're put
into place today as Senators L. j. Dick
inson of Iowa and Pat Harrison OF Mis-
sissippi arrived at the scene CT their
first debate on the Smoot-Hawley act.
Secrecy prevailed as to the nature
Of the attack and defense. Senator
Harrison, hurrying here from Washing
ton, had prepared no speech in ad-
vance. Senator Dickinson, as well,
guarded his points carefully.
Some indication OF the Southern
Democrats method of attack was given
in a statement he made before leaving
the Capital, where he declared there
seems to be a very general conviction
that the falling off of trade Is due in
no small measure to our tariff"
That the argument Is considered as
political weathervane on one topic at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
"TALKIES" KEEP JOSEF LAVAL
FROM NAVY-PRINCETON GAME
Train Carrying Friends Leaves She Acts Fathers
Interpreter in Talk With Hoover.
The talkies took too long.

The talkies took too long.
Other members Of the party, how
ever. some of them members of the
family Of Ambassador Claudel of France
were on board the train when 1t de-
parted.
They hoped Mile. Josee would drive
and intercept the train en- route.
From the home of Walter Edge, Am
bassador to France, where Premier Laval
is stopping, care word, however, that
she would not go.
The petite French girl apparently
was keenly disappointed at the turn 81
events.
She walked nervously about rvon1
appearing now and then to glance out
the window.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
BY the Associated Press.

GLIe AbSUCIHGTu EIcss.
Thud of foot against pigskin will 60
unheard by the petite Josee Laval, her
desire to see gridiron struggle having
been thrown for loss.
The daughter Of the French premier
today missed the train which was to
take her to Princeton, N. j., because she
was serving as interpreter for her father
and President Hoover.
Mile. Josee had intended to see the
Princeton Navy contest. An automobile
waited outside the White House as
train time came and went.
President Hoover and Premier Laval
were before the talkies.
Each remark President Hoover made
to the French premier and vice versa
was repeated by Mile. Josee and Mis-.
Hoover.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24

KOKOMO, Ind. October "a (Fl.-The
Citizens National Bank here closed yes
terday morning The directors said it
w9s advisable to close for the protection
u depositors, and that the bank was
solvent.
The bank statement of September
30 gives deposits of s3,913,624.56 and
total assets $4,s23.362.1A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
Juror in Box Awaits
His Alienation Suit;
Court Removes Him
BY the Associated Press.

SYDNEY, Australia, october
24.-Consternation was created in
Divorce Court here when it was
found the plaintiff was calmly
sitting in the jury box.
BY an accident he had been
summoned as a juror and was
waiting to try, as it happened. his
own case. in which he claimed
$4,000 from his uncle on a
charge of alternating his wtfe's
affections
It was the uncle who drew the
attention of the judge to the
presence of his nephew on the
jury.
A new panel was drawn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
JAPAN CLINGS TO DEMANDS.
League Pressure Fails to Change Stand
on Fundamental Points"
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
GENEVA, october 24.-On the
point of overriding japanese opposition
and fixing November 16 as the time
limit for complete evacuation OF Japa-
nese troops from Manchuria, the League
of Nations Council adjourned morning
session today until late in the after
noon in the hope that some way might
be found to remove the opposition.
With Viscount Cecil. British repre-
sentative, and Salvador de Madariaga
of Spain leading a strong drive against
the objections OF Kenkichi Yoshizawa,
Japanese delegate. the lineup was
clearly drawn, Is to l, in favor Of the
Councils proposal when Aristide BRAND.
acting chairman, closed the session
until 4 pm.
M. BRAND joined the British and
Spanish delegates in evincing anxiety
with regard to the mysterious funda-
Continued on Page ., Column -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
JAIL PRAYER PENALTY

PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia, october "a
P).-Loyalty to the memory OF the
late Austrian Emperor, Franz Josef, has
cost the Baroness Caroline Juncker BIZ
gatti landowner. 70, IA days in jail.
The baroness paid for requiem mass
for the soul of the dead monarch.
Charges were brought against her in
the district court at PilSen and she was
convicted A similar sentence was
passed on the cleric who read the mass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
SEVEN TO COMPETE
TONIGHT FOR WORLD
TITLE IN ORAT0RY
International Contest Finals
Will Be Held at Con-
Stitution Hall.
EACH YOUTH TO SPEAK
IN NATIVE LANGUAGE
Six Judges Are Chosen From Dip
lomatic and Educational Fields.
Silver Cup Is Prize.

Holders of tickets to the In
ternational Oratorical Contest
finals tonight are reminded that
they must be in their seats by
7:45 O'Clock. At that time the
tickets lapse and the doors will
be opened to everybody, whether
they have tickets or not. Any
seat. with the exception of : box
seats and those in the press sec
ton, that Is vacant at Is min
utes to 8 O'Clock may be occu-
pied. Box seat reservations will
be held. The contest will begin
promptly at 8 o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
Propeller Kills Inspector.

COLUMBUS, Ohio. october "a P-
Walking into whirling propeller, John
Doan, 20, a plane inspector Of the
Transcontinental a. Western Air, Inc,
was injured fatally at Port Columbus
today. His home was In Peoria, Ill :.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-24
Graf 125 Miles at Sea.

FERNANDO DO NORONHA ISLAND,
October "a (P.-The Graf Zeppelin
on the way back to Germany from Per-
nambuco passed over this island, 125
miles off the Brazilian mainland, early
this morning.