Evening star., 1931-11-29

monoplanes built 822 were open-cock-
pit planes, SAB of this number being
two-SeaterS, 266 one-seaters, IL three
seaters and 2 four-seaters. Two Of
the three-seaters were multi-motored
planes
built for use as landplanes, the four
place type ranking in the lead with
1913. There were one-place cabin
mon planes, 80 two-place, 10 three
place. 1iVe-place, 13 six-place, 40
seven to ten place and At over ten
place. Fifteen of the 40 seven to ten
place planes were multi-motored, while
80 Of the AZ planes carrying more than
10 persons were multi-motored
There were 6 monoplanes built which
were listed as "conve=tibles. being
either closed cabin or open cockpit at
the will of the owner. There were
16 monoplane amphibians, of which 6
were multi-motored craft. There were
6 mcnOplane seaplanes and l mono
plane which could not be classified due
to lack of data
OF the biplanes, 364 out of the total
of 800 were open-cockpit landplane
types, 36 being Single-Seaters, 141 two
place, 159 three-place and % four and
five place. There were 26 four to seven
place cabin landplaneS of the double
phibians and 3 biplane seaplanes.
Test Triangular Chute.
The p,st week witnessed service tests
at Boiling Field of the triangular para
chute d@Teloped by Maj. Edward L.
Hoffman, Army Air Corps, at Wright
Field. Dayton, Ohio, to meet the need
of a parachute which could be steered
and which would have some forward
motion of its own so that they who
must jump may have some choice of
landing area.
The Hoffman parachute was demon
strated by Sergt B. A. Walsh, nom
commissioned officer in charge of the
parachute department at the local Army
Field. It was his 32d parachute Jump
and he expressed satisfaction with the
mancurCraoility of the new parachute
For comparative purposes, Lieut. Rob-
ert K. Giovannoh, Air Corps. jumped
with Sergt Walsh, using the standard
Army round parachute.
The new parachute has been sent out
to a number Of Army Air Corps posts
for service tests. Boiling Field has two
or three Of them and they will be worn
regularly by officers and men. The
usual seat-pack type is used, with ad
Unstable harness.
The canopy of the triangular para
chute has spread of 2312 feet and has
40 shroud lines, each tested to 325-
pound capacity, as against "a lines of
450-pound capacity in the standard
round parachute. Two of the three
corners are rounded. The third is cut
off to allow the air to flow out. the
action Of the escaping air giving the
parachute forward speed of about five
miles per hour in dead calm air.
With winds, the landing speed of the
parachute can be reduced five miles per
hour below the wind speed by directing
the parachute into the wind. The
chute is steered by merely pulling down
an arms length on either Of the round
ed corners. The action is positive since
the dropping of the corner changes the
a1r-f1ow in the canopy.
Tests show that the triangular para
chute ordinarily will open higher than
the round type and that the shock on
opening Is less, 1t is claimed that there
Is no oscillation of the parachute dur
ing the descent and that, with the
parachute turned into the wind, the
landings are light.
II the triangular chute holds up as
has been anticipated during the service
test period, 1t may be adopted as stand
ard Army equipment.
Airport Standards Raised.
The Federal Government is going to
make certain that persons flying into
the United States from foreign coun-
tries receive proper consideration so far