The Coolidge examiner., 1931-01-09


boycott the rOundtable conference
arranged for late in the year, be-
cause their demand was for the
absolute independence of India.
The rOundtable conference opened
In London November u with much
pOmp and ceremony, the native
princes, the HinduS, the MoSlemS
and even the ''untouchables" being
represented by their ableSt men
and by two brilliant women. The
Indians made it clear they would
accept nothing less than dominion
status, and some of them bitterly
attacked the British methods of
rule in India. The problem before
the conference and the government
was so complex that there was no
chance for its solution for many
months. One definite decision
reached was that Burma should be
made a separate dominion.
In the Canadian national election
on July IS the Conservatives com
pletely upset the Liberal govern
ment headed by Prime Minister w.
L. Mackenzie King and secured a
comfortable majority in the domin-
ion parliament, and Richard b. Ben
nett, their leader, became prime
minister. The new government
took steps at once to relieve tie
unemployment situation and TO
help the farmers, one being the al
most complete discontinuance of
immigration from Europe.
German Fascsts Win.
AS in most other countries, pOlit-
ical events in Germany reflected
the prevailing discomfort of the
people, and there it was aggra-
waited by the feeling that they were
oppressed by the reparations. Chan
cellor Mueller ard his cabinet re.
signed in March because of dissat-
isfaction with the ratification of
the Young plan and with the bud
get and financial reforms proposed.
Heinrich Bruening, CentriSt leader,
became chancellor and formed a
ministry of members of the five mid
die parties. The National Social
lists and the Communists kept up
continual agitation and President
Hindenburg dissolved the reichstag
on July Is. In the elections which
were held September IA the Ma
tional Socialists. commonly called
the FaScists, won a most surprising
and tremendous victory. They in
creased the number of their seats
in the reichstag from II to 107, and
their popular vote from 100000 to
more than 100000. Their titular
leader is Adolph Hitler who, being
an Austrian, could not be elected
to the reichstag. These Fascists
stand for reputation of the treaty
of Versailles and of the Young plan
of reparatiOns. They were in pO-
sition TO cause a lot of trouble in
the reichstag, but Chancellor
Bruening had the support of enough
members of other factions to keep
control and put through the meas
ures of economy and financial re-
form necessary for the salvation Of
the nation.
Y dbNCp SPdiH anu iNo'J"
One small provision in the
finance bill brought a vote Of lack
of confidence in the French cham
ber of deputies in February and
the Tardieu ministry was forced
to resign. 1t was succeeded by
Radical-Socialist cabinet formed by
Chautemps which was defeated on
its first appearance. Tardieu then
was recalled. and held on through
a stormy summer and fall, but early
in December the senate forced him
and his cabinet to resign, and TheO-
dore Steeg undertook to form
new ministry. France maintained
her position as one of the most pros
porous countries of Europe and
gathered an immense store Of gold.
She was largely preoccupied with
national defense and went ahead
with her plan for a powerful chain
of Notifications on her eastern from
tier.
Gen. Primo de Rivera, who had
been dictator of Spain for more
than six years, resigned on Jan
uary 2S, partly under cOmpulsion,
when faced with the threat of
military revolt. He was succeed
ed by Gen. D'amaso Berenguer.
Throughout the year there were
repeated strikes, food riots and viO-
lent demonstrations by students
and in the middle of December a
serious rebellion broke ont in the
northern part of the country.
Economy was the continual cry
of the Italian government, Premier
Mussolini being its spokesman. and
his measures toward that end were
put through with thOroughness and
dispatch. They extended to the re-
ductiOn of salaries of all govern
mental employees. who are remark
ably numerous there, and all en-
ployeers were urged to follow suit.
In compensation. the cost of living
was brought down by the lowering
of prices of food and other necessi-
ties. At the same time the Duce
continued his program of extensive
public works. like drainage and res
toration of waste lands, giving en-
ployment to many men.
Carol on Rumanian Throne.
Carol, former crown prince Of
Rumania. with the aid of promi-
nent Rumanians. executed a star
Ting coup d'etat in June. From
his exile in France he flew to his