davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

white masters for the pre-
servation" of the present har-
monious relations" which they
allege as existing between the
white master class and the
frightfully oppressed Negro masses of
the South.
Like similar appeal issued by the
traitorols leaders of the NAACP, the
present appeal is directed especially
against the growing mass movement
of Negro and white workers in de-
Tense of the nine innocent Scottsboro
Negro boys facing electrocution in
Alabama on a trumped-up charge Of
rape.
With 26 lynchings so far this year,
and A last year, the appeal brazenly
quotes NO unnamed Negro Uncle
Toms as declaring that they had
never known relations more cordial
than now" OF the white boss and
Negro Uncle Tom members on the
committee, the appeal says: "No man
or woman spoke however, but felt
confident that the two races in the
South could not be alienated."
Attacks Mass Fight to Free Boys
The appeal attacks the activities
of Negro and white Communists who
are leading the fight for the release
of the nine Scottsboro boys, for the
abolition of lynching and Negro OPP
preston and for unconditions equal
rights of the Negro people. The sign
ers of the appeal see in the mass
struggle against the legal lynching of
the Scottsboro boys and the general
boss lynch terror menace to the
whole vicious system of white dom
nation" and ..egro suppression, Of
unemployment and mass starvation
,CoNTINUED ON PAGE THREE
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
MORE BATHROBE
SHOPS SETTLE

The following bathrobe shops set
tied with the Industrial Union this
afternoon: Enrico Golato, 222 Green
ST.; PERI Angiolillo, 316 37th St.,
Brooklyn; c. Pardi, 60 E. 9th St.;
and Domenico Petit, $50 w. Broad
way.
The settlement of these shops on
the basis of improved conditions is
having an encouraging effect on the
other bathrobe workers who are daily
joining the ranks of the strikers.
One, very large shop in the indus
try, was declared on strike today.
A meeting of the remaining strik-
ers was held this morning and they
greeted with enthusiasm the report
of the strike committee about the
settlement Of the shops.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
Leaders of American Legion
Join Attack on Unemployed

The American Legion is enlisting
its entire power in the attack on
the working class, which is being led
by the Clifford Committee. The Lee
gion has called a conference of the
governors of all the states, of the
mayors of the fifteen largest cities
and of many other cities, and of
the leaders of the American Fedora
ton of Labor, to be held in Wash
ington on Sept. IA.
According to Ralph T. O'Neal, ma
tional commander of the Legion, the
American Federation of Labor and
the United States Chamber of Com
MERGE will have officers and commit
tees present at this conference to
give advice and information" The
advice and information which will
be given by these agents of the capt.
talist class will be on the best meth
DDS to be used in preventing any
relief from reaching the masses of
the unemployed. They will advise
the Legion on the most effective ways
it can cooperate with the Clifford
Committee to spread the Hoover
stagger system of wage cutting, on
how to force workers to scab on
strikers, and on how to act as a
strong arm force against militant
workers.
1t is for this reason that the Le-
gion will offer its full strength and
influence" to "Hoovers unemploy-
ment relief organization and NUM-
cipal, state and other governmental
agencies.
The conference called by the Amer
lean Legion indicates that in addi-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
Chicago Hospitals Crowded with
Workers Diseased from Hunger

NEW YORK.-From Chicago, one
of the leading industrial centers in
the United States, we get some Off
cial data on what hunger and star
walton is doing to the health of the
working class. Recently Hoover said
that "the health Of the nation is
improving" The same idea was
echoed by DR.. Stewart Hamilton,
superintendent of the Harper Hos
pital in Detroit. He attributed this
"health" to the fact that people
were "eating less"
Here are what the official figures
and declarations show in Chicago,
which gives good cross section of
the American working class The
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

ton to the demagogy of the A. F.
of L. leaders the Clifford Committee
is preparing to make use of the fas-
cist activities of the Legion for the
purpose of crushing the militancy
of the jobless workers through terror
when it is necessary. The working
masses must rally against the attack
of the Clifford Committee on their
living standards and just as deter
minedly against the attack that the
leaders of the American Legion is
preparing.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
Mine Relief a
Question @
Life or Deat. |
Miners Families Living in Tents Must Have Blankets for
Cold Autumn Nights
Refuse Bride of Capitalist Politicians for Elections,
Though Starving

PITTSBURGH, Pa, Sept. 8.-Over the La
Dor Day weekend we made a special visit to
the tent colony at Coverdale and at other
mines in the Library section. At Coverdale
we have "a families living in tents. At Mol
enauer No have three families and at No have
three In many six people live in 6x8 tent
cooking, sleeping and eating the small space In rainy
weather the tents leak and the beds become pools
All their clothes soaked and the bedding The
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
Chief Physician Says
Worst Is Yet
To Come

Chicago Daily News reported huge
overtaxing of capacity of the hos
pitfalls due to hunger. 1t said:
Emmett Whealan, president Of
the board of county commissioners,
made a thorough survey of condi-
tons at the county hospital today
and found overlooking, due to econ
omic conditions" That is, Hoover
would have thu workers think that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

Overlooking" of the hospitals is due
to improved health.
From the medical superintendent
of the Cook County Hospital, DR..
Karl A. Meyer, we get a more har-
rowing story. First of all, DR.. Meyer
said that one of the most outstand-
ing causes of the overfilling of the
hospitals "can be traced to actual
underfeeding and poor housing con-
ditions."
The hospitals in Chicago are so
crowded that sick workers and their
children are being turned away. DR..
Meyer reported that 800 children
CONTINUED ON PAGE rHREEl
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

to these Negro workers by exposing
the demands made in the swimming
pool case by the local Negro paper,
the Pittsburgh Courier. The Cou-
rier, after several riots in which the
white police ganged up with white
hooligans to beat up Negro bathers
CONTINUED ON PAGE TIIREEI
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

tional equal rights of the Negro
masses.
The demonstration against this
rotten tool Of the class enemy was
one of the most enthusiastic held in
this city. Banners were displayed
with slogans as 1--WE Fight De Priest
and all landlords; 1--WE Demand
Free Rent for Unemployed Workers.
I'VE Demand Adequate Relief and
Unemployment insurance." I'VE
Fight for Equal Rights for the Me-
gro Peoplew \
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

CHARLOTTE, N. c., Sept. 9.-One
hundred Negro and white workers
demonstrated here last night against
Oscar De Priest, Negro landlord and
congressman, who was brought here
by the white ruling class to aid the
local Uncle Toms in betraying the
struggles of the Negro masses.
The demonstration took place in
front of the First Baptist Church,
where De Priest spoke to a small
group of Negro reformists, together
with couple of white representa-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
International Youth Day
Celebrated Turnout Land
By Thousands OF Youth
Police Unleash Terror Against Young Workers in
Los Angeles, California

PITTSBURGH, Pa.-Mass meetings in six
different places in the striking coal district
marked the celebration Of International Youth
Day. Meetings were held in Pittsburgh, Ian
sing, South Burgettstown, Avella, Coverdale
and Bridgevie
Football games between young workers. mostly miners
different camps marked several of the gatherings After
the games speakers for the Young Communist League and
Others spoke emphatcay the Importance of youth in modern
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
UPHOESTERS IN
FOUR VICTORIES
AS STRIKE GROWS
AT of L Local Donates
S5 in Solidarity
With Strikers

NEW YORK.-With four of the
fifteen shops that went on strike the
first week of the upholstery strike
settled and union demands won, the
struggle against. bad conditions in
the shops continues to spread. OF
the two hundred and fifty workers
that struck seventy are back at work
having won a 40 hour day, week work
instead of piece work, 81 an hour
minimum wage and recognition Of
- Furniture Workers Industrial
U--ion.
The nine strikers arrested last week
Ut the instigation Of the bosses will
be tried September 23rd. Another
striker was arrested yesterday and
when brought before Magistrate
Brodsky was held in $1,000 bail on
"disorderly conduct" Especially Vi
cious was Magistrate Brodsky against
the fact that the striker is a member
of the Furniture Workers Industrial
Union.
Relief Plans.
The Workers International Relief
has taken the first step to establish
a relief kitchen at strike headquar-
tars at Ten Eyck & Lorimer Sts.
Brooklyn.
Workers of the Globe Upholster-
ing shop, members of Local rs Up
holsterers, A. F. of L. organization
donated S. as an expression Of their
solidarity with the strike.
The strike committee calls on all
furniture workers to aid the uphol-
sterer5 end report Thursday morning
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

are old army tents, full of holes,
some of them bullet holes. The tents
are not Eaterproofed, because the
relief comHittee cannot buy water
proofing material We cannot afford
to patch the tents or waterproof
them. We want to point out that
we must get assistance from organ
izations and individual comrades now
in fixing these tents.
The strikers need blankets, for it
is cold in tents these autumn days,
cold and wet. In many families the
children are sick. In one tent the
whole family is down. The sickness
will increase as winter advances. if
CONTINUED ON PAGE THREED
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
Alabama Bosses in NeWAttack
on Scottsboro Mass Defense
With 26 Lynchings So Far This Year and the
Negro Workers Being Sold For as Low as ~,
Boss Tools Pirate of cordial Relations"

DETROIT Mich, Sept. Side by side with news re-
port Negro being seized in the South and told for
as dollars to employers seeking cheap labor the
Detroit Independent Negro reformst publisher this
week appeal from committee of Negro toades and their
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10
N DONALD
CALLS FOR
FASCISM
Workers Demonstrate
AS Parliament
Opens Up
Many dubbed, Jailed
Opposition" Sings It's
Fake Phrases
Gable by Inprecorr)

LONDON, Sept. 9-Several thou
sand workers demonstrated outside
of Parliament yesterday evening
against the National Government.
Surging crowds filled the surround
ing streets Hundreds of mounted
police failed to drive back the crowd
despite repeated charges, clubbing
workers. Seventeen workers were
arrested. Many we're taken to the
hospital. The spirit of the workers
was magnificent, the running fight
lasting for three hours.
The demonstration was organized
by the Communist Party and the
Unemployment Committee. A depu-
tation of workers elected at a mass
meeting was refused permission to
put its case before Parliament.
Socialists" Call For Fascism.
NEW YORK-While police club
down unemployed workers in front
of Parliament Ramsay Macdonald,
the socialist" premier, comes out
for an open fascist dictatorship
Following in the footsteps of the
Bruening regime in Germany, which
has the endorsement of the socialists
the National Government. through
Macdonald is asking Parliament to
give it dictatorial powers so that ii
can put over any slash in unemploy-
ment insurance or wage cut it thinks
necessary to save capitalism in
England.
The proposal of Macdonald was
that in order to put through the
national economy BILL" the details
of which he refuses to mention unit
the dictatorship is established, that
CONTINUED ON FACE THREEr
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-10

CONTINUED ON PAGE THREEp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

During The first year there have gone out from
our ovens MILLIONS Of Ioaves Of bread In
addition to HUNDREDS OF TONS Of cakes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

with cooperative group control. But
the large-Scale organization has had,
and still does have, some temporary
advantages, such as cleanliness and at
Effectiveness Of plant, scientific pricing,
rapid turnover Of stock, low-coSt adver-
Using and intelligent volume buying.
1.-THE comparisons Of chain and in
dependent prices on limited samples of
grocery items seem to indicate that the
average chain store sells cheaper than
the independent merchant belonging
to e voluntary group. Such COMPARE
sons do not take into consideration the
costs to the merchant and the values
to the consumer Of credit, delivery, per-
sonal service and other non-compared
items. But even large differences be-
tween prices would not necessarily sig
Nifty anything more than q temporary
advantage. A merchant or group of
merchants who are first to fully de-
velop and then capitalize on a new
idea are due to clean up but unless
the idea or method is exclusive or not
easily copied other merchants seize the
advantage and the temporary superb
GRITTY varIiShes.
Adopted Scientific Methods.
1.-THE chains got of to a considerable
head start in capitalizing scientific
methods in retailing. The spread OF
this method among 400, 900 grocers and
over 100000 other retailers, not to
mention thousands Of wholesalers. Is
naturally a slow process. It was an
easy thing for a few score chain OPP
orators to get the idea and almost over
night create scores Of thousands of
units where 1t was Immediately applied
Efficiency in retailing depends not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

ing about "some form Of living which
will combine industry with agriculture
and thus bring to an end the old con-
h1ct between the two In political reac-
tions. The American people, he said,
are becoming outdoor minded.
The chain store tide in American
business has reached its crest.
1t is now clear, said DR.. CLYDE w.
Phelps, professor of economies at the
University of Chattanooga, that the adj
vantageS by which the chain store svs-
tenn made such inroads into the mer-
camille field were apparent rather than
real. These groups, he said, simply
caught the independent merchant UNI
prepared by applying scientific methods
in the neldS OF buying and selling-but
there was no inherent reason WIN their
competitors could not do the same. and
they are beginning to do it.
One great apparent ADVANTAGE. he
said, was that OF lower prices, secured
by buying in vast quantities. The in
dependent merchants now are offSettinS
this by organizing large buying groups
among themselves and establishing
their own wholesale organizations. The
second advantage was in the scientific
display, selection and advertising of
goods. The independent merchant now
has learned these tricks. Besides, DR..
Phelps pointed out, increasing competi-
ton among the chain store systems
themselves plays into the hands Of the
independent.
Groups Have Advantage.
There are no inherent ADVANTAGES
in the device of centralized ownershin
and control" DR.. Phelps said, "as con-
traSted with independent ownershiu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

upon the large scale corporate device
as opposed to other forms of organiza-
ton. but upon scientific method. Such
methods can be as expertly applied by
the larger and more alert independents
as by the corporate chain. It can be
applied to large extent even by the
smaller retailers. But what of the So
called 'hole-in-the-wall type of OPP
orators? Even If all the store keepers
with less than $4,000 volume of bust
ness went out the decline in in6epend-
ent volume would be only about Is per
cent. But it appears to be an impos-
sible task to drive out the little store
keeper. Many of them sell at lower
cost than even the largest chain be-
cause of using the same place both as
a store and a home"
The big chain systems may grow
slightly, but at a much slower rate than
in the past, Prof. Phelps predicted. He
also predicted that the chain store and
the independent will become more alike
in every respect and that the great VOL
untary groups Of Independents will grow.
A probability of the near future, he
said, will be a growth in the use of
private brands of goods by both chain
and voluntary groups in order to re-
coup extreme price cuts On nationally
advertised products.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06
CARSON IS RETURNED
TO D. C. REFORMATORY
Escaped Youth, Out Three Months,
Again Serves Time for Hold
ing Nurse Captiwe.

Howard L. Carson, who held police
at hay several months ago while he at
tempted to persuade Miss Annie Jen-
nings, a Sibley Hospital nurse, to marry
him, was back at the District Reforma-
tory today after three months freedom.
The youth was arrested yesterday aft
ernoon near Thirteenth street and Park
road by Sergt. j. r. Leach and Detec-
tive r. F. Mccarthy, tenth precinct.
He made no resistance and readily
identified himself.
Carson, who escaped from Lorton Re-
formatory in one Of the guards auto
mobiles, was serving sentence In connec-
ton with his eScapade with Miss Jen-
nings, who was dramatically rescued BY
Policeman Earl Baker. Baker climbed
into an upper story window in Carson's
home at First and s streets after max
ing a perilous crossing on a narrow
ironing board from an adjoining build
ing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06
ROOSEVELT URGES
RURAL INDUSTRY
Combination of Farm and
Factory Suggested Before
Affairs Institute.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Sta1 Correspondent Of The star.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, July
6.-With the great drift from the farm
to the city near its end because the
size of cities Is reaching the point where
1t is no longer economical, States must
take steps toward a factory-farm COM
bination to take care of their popula-
tons, Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt OF
New York told the Institute Of Public
Affairs here today.
Gov. Roosevelt described the efforts
of New York State to halt this great
influx by surveying its 100000 acres
of farm land. This survey probably
will show, he said, that at least 4,000,-.
600 acres now under cultivation should
be abandoned because 1t cannot be
farmed prof1tably. Anticipating this
finding. the proposal for $20,0OO,0OO
bond issue has been placed before the
voters with the object of buying this
land and either reforessting 1t or turn
ing it into recreational areas.
Every State" he said, has the prob
lem of the abandoned farm. There Is
no doubt but that in many cases the
abandonment should be accelerated"
Rural Plants Proposed.
With the farm land on which 1t is
impossible to make living out Of cul-
tivation, he said, much may be done
for the farmer by inducing small In
dustries, which can run in off seasons,
into the farming areas. Thus the
farmer will be able to earn wages in
addition to the return from his small
farm.
Gov Roosevelt spoke on the problem
Of regional planning, 10y which not
only can the drift to the cities be
stopped, but the uneconomical distribu-
ton of markets be done away with
Thus, he pointed out. through lack of
planning. milk for the cities of Florida
now Is shipped from Wisconsin, passing
through the excellent dairy regions of
the South. Farmers in Georgia, instead
OF raising milk for Florida, have gone
in for peaches, which now are such a
load on the market that they often are
produced at a considerable loss
New York State, he pointed out, was
obliged to resort to a Subterfuge to pre-
serve the new city market for the State
farmers, first requiring inspection of
all diaries supplying such milk and
then saying it didn't have enough in
spectors to go far beyond the State
limits All this, he said, may be elm
mated in the future by intelligent plan
ming.
Big Saving Predicted.
The purchase by the States of un-
economical farm land, he said, Is GER
tain to result in big savings, eliminat-
ing the expense of extending telephone
and electric lines into such areas doing
away with many of the expensive one
room school houses, and tightening the
burden of road building. which is too
expensive for the counties.
He expressed the hope that all the
States would experiment toward bring
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

The first birthday is always an interesting event,
whether it be that of child or business enterprise
1t is the first mile post aordng place to stop and
spend a few moments in retrospection upon the
growth accomplishments during those first
twelve months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

Just one year ago this week we opened Our new
bakery and, thanks to Our patrons, it has been a
wonderful year, exceeding our greatest expecta-
tons 1t is small matter to provide bakery facil
tiles of sufficient magnitude to supply even partially
the demands of nearly four hundred retail stores
located in all sections of Our city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06
$500 GOODS STOLEN
FROM w. E. CLARK co.
Thieves Leave Valuable Furnish.
ings Undisturbed-Gain En-
trance by Smashing Door.

Theft of upholstery and fabric
samples worth approximately $500
from W. z. Clark & Co., interior deco
rators at 1912 Eighteenth street, was
discovered today.
The discovery was made by a colored
janitor, who notified Fred Clark, mana
ger OF the concern. Clark, notified
police, who began an investigation
The inquiry revealed that the robbery
was effected by smashing a glass panel
in rear door. Apparently the thieves
were interested only in the samples.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

as valuable tapestries, fabrics, lannps
and other furnishings were undisturbed
The tntruders also left the company
Office undisturbed.
Oddcials of the company were nysti-
ned, they told police, because the stolen
samples, although worth about $4,000
TO them, are OF no value to any ons
else.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06
Lightning Kills Three.

PARRY SOUND. Ontario, July 8 Up.
Three children of Herb Hodgins, a
guide at Moon River, on the north
shore of the Georgian Bay. were killed
when lightning struck the Hodgins
home during q violent storm last night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

The baking of bread alone interesting subject nvov
ing much detail than the reazefor
ample today baking thirteen different kinds The
thing cakes which today include variety of twenty
kinds favor The production large vol
requires quantities of ingredients which
brought carload lots thereby expditng
livery eectng greater economy which enabled
pass to patrons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

We naturally proud of our bakery (even though it
of the departments used for the productions of
"Sano produc and during this anniversary period wish
possible within the District of Columbia
plant but knowing this beyond the realm of posi-
bies shall bring bakery in series of advertise
Evening each Monday In this series shall
actual photographs of bakery and explain how
products made and the exercised maintain that
high standard of quality for which they are known.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-06

In spite Of the general downward
tendency In imports Of the Irish Free
State this year, American food products
are going into the country in increas-
ing volume.