davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24

important role which, in his time, was
played by this great bourgeois, SO
extraordinarily prudent, subtle and as
tute.. His interventions at the council
of Minister'S was told by some of
his contemporaries-we usually de-
cisive; it was the country which talked
through him, not the enthusiastic and
often a trifle truculent country repre-
sented by Gambetta, but the sensible
and shrewd country Of our peasants.
Knows Regimes Spirit.
It Is an influence of the same kind
which Doumergue has enjoyed. The
diplomat. familiar with parliamentary
negotiations, brought up in the depart
ment Of Gard-that Roman south Of
France where politics are a tradition
and the most refined Of all games
had been prepared by a long career
in Parliament TO understand the true
spirit of the regime. He knows all Of
its twists and would say, If the word
did not sound slightly disrespectful, all
Of its strings.
The French people. who have read La
Fontaine's fables. like honest fellows to
have their eyes wide open. Douinergue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
Changes Predicted
In Japanese Customs

TOXIC, Japan-The thick mating
universally used on the floors of Japa-
neSe houses Is a menace to health, in
the opinion of DR.. DanjirO Nagami, d.
rector of the Medical Experimental De-
partment of the Toxic Municipal Hy-
gienic Laboratory. He believes the
japanese manner of living Is bound to
undergo considerable change in the next
two decades, due to economic causes,
and he thinks that, in view Of this fact,
the japanese might adopt foreign tables,
foreign chairs and foreign floor cover
ings.
japanese homes have no chairs. One
sits upon a cushion placed on the thick,
springy mating, called "tatami," or
upon the mating itself He eats from
a table only IL inches high, and writ
ing desks, telephone stands and other
furniture are scaled down accordingly.
Shoes, If any, are left at the entrance,
but felt slippers are provided for walk
ing over the highly polished floors OF
the corridors. DR.. Nngami asserts that
the thick mating provides haven Tor
germs. Dust settles in between the
mats and works under them, he be-
lieves, and regardless OF how carefully
the rooms are swept this condition ex-
lists. Investigations have shown that
some good is done by wiping the mats
not entirely effective.
Another disadvantage" DR.. Nagami
added, lis that continual sitting upon
the floor with the feet drawn up under
the body retards a child's growth and
makes his legs short in proportion to
the rest of his body. But the Japanese
are gradually getting away from this.
Children nowadays wear foreign clothes
and sit at foreign style desks while
they are attending schools at least in
the cities. Many find the Japanese
desks uncomfortable.
"Other aspects of japanese life are on
the point of changing. Girls wear for
eign clothes at schools and find them
SO conducive to freedom of movement
that they object to adopting the kimono
again after they have grown up. The
same applies to the intricate mode of
hairdressing that the japanese women
effect. Men wear Western suits at their
Offices, and they, too, in many cases,
hate to go back to the kimono and
wooden clogs in place Of shoes"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
Austrian Monte Carlos
In Alpine Resorts Urged

VIENNA.-Austria Is going to have q.
little Monte Carlo all its own-perhaps
Several-if the schemes OF a private
group endeavoring to procure a casino
concession go through. The idea is to
help retrieve the public finances and at
the same time give bit of private
pleasure to visitors.
A big casino would be installed, first
of all, in one of the big hotels in Sem
mering, the beautiful mountain resort
two hours from Vienna In the Syrian
Alps. 1t would be equipped for roulette.
baccsrat and other games and would
closely follow the great casinos on the
French Riviera in style and method OF
operation. The Austrian state, how
ever, would be guaranteed a comfort
able slice of the receipts.
Semmering, once very popular, has
lately somewhat faded for foreign
visitors-though still packed with
Austrians-and a casino there might
improve tourist traffic to Vienna. II
the Semmering casino is successful
others would follow at Baden and Bad
Gastein. But first permission of the
government must be obtained, In ,haa
q constitutional amendment would be
necessary to legalize public gauhlin9.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
BY ANDRE sIEGFRIED.

- ASTON DOUMERGUE will be
known as one of the great
T presidents of the French Re
~ public. AS influential in poll
tics as was Grevy, as demo-
cratic and simple as was Loubet or
FalliereS. he has been perhaps more
French in the full sense Of the word
than any Of his predecessors. His term
of ONCE restored to the presidency the
prestige Of which 1t had been deprived
in 1924.
It is often said that the president Of
the French Republic is nothing but a
puppet, to whom any personal action
is forbidden. And in fact the consti-
tuition of 1875, the letter of which con-
fers upon him all Of his power, virtually
does not give him any-for the real
political power is entirely in the hands
Of responsible ministers. The presi-
dent is not there to rule. But many
Frenchmen, inoculated with the Cae-
sarian virus, are reluctant to under
stand this.
All the presidents of the republic
who have gone to the ElySee with the
mind and ambitions Of presidents of
the council have been failures. We can
name them: Casimir -Perier, Millerand.
and, In a certain sense, even Poincare.
When these too vigorous characters,
who were born to command and to
adminiStrate, ran up against prime
ministers whose power was based on
the confidence of Parliament. they
found in front of them a force greater
than their own. They either had to
retire or else to champ the bit i'm
potently. and they gave the impression
Of magnificent minds wasted at the
wrong place.
DoumeFgue Influential.
On the contrary, those presidents who
took their job as one Of presiding, who
came to the ElySee not from the gov
eminent, but from the presidency Of
an assembly, succeeded in their task;
and in most cases II they had chosen
to do so they could easily have been
reelected for another term. Thus LOU
bet, Fallieres and also Doumergue had
been prepared by the presidency of the
Senate to assume the highest ONCE in
the country; Jules Grevy, president of
the National Assembly and later presi-
dent Of the Chamber of Deputies, had
followed the same path.
It can be said about Doumergue that
he has been, with Grevy, the most in
fiuential of our presidents from a politi-
cal point Of view. Endowed with ex-
ceptional political skill. Grevy had the
firm intention OF retaining an active
part in the government. His influence
on ministers was great: no decision
concerning the general line of French
politics could have been taken without
him, for he considered himself morally
responsible for any action whose i'm
portance exceeded certain average.
A clever tactician, he always kept in
formed Of everything said and done In
the Hobbies of Parliament; the abuses
committed during the last period of
his presidency, when his son-in-law
exercised q deplorable authority at the
Elysee, must not make us forget the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24

~ ONE, May 23.-A new lease OF
life was accorded last week to
the special military tribunal
i which, since November. 1926,
has been the terror of Commu-
nists and anti-FaScist conspirators. A
report submitted by Premier Mussolini
was enacted into law for another Ave
year period by a show OF hands in the
Chamber Of Deputies.
I'VE FaScists understand why this
tribunal is needed, and no more need
be said about it." was the brief declara-
ton made by Minister of Justice Rocco.
At the same time signs of an i'm
portant change in the views entertained
in higher Fascist circles regarding the
special military tribunal are beginning
to appear The message delivered by
Premier Mussolini suggested consider
able changes in a return to milder
measures by subjecting the tribunals
decisions to the ordinary penal code.
New Code In Force July 1.
The new penal code, which has taken
years to revise, will go in force on July
/ and, while 1t increases the penalties
for certain offenses, 1t also establishes
ordinary penalties for offenses against
the security of the state. This, accord
ing to the suggestion Of Mussolini Is
enough to make its provisions applicable
to the cases tried by the special military
tribunal which will continue to apply
the special laws Of 1925 only in the
more important cases.
The new penal code, says MusSolini.
might almost dispense with the appli-
cation of the laws OF November, 1926,
but 1t is expedient to continue to main
tain the special tribunal because its
nj IL n
an ordinary court and specially adapted
in certain grave cases. Mussolini evil
IDENTIFY has In view possible bomb out
RACES and political crimes in the from
tier zones. He alludes to these by say
ing:
THE reasons for keeping up the spe-
cial tribunal are found in the fact that
certain hotbeds of crime continue to
exist in some frontier zones fed and
encouraged by elements on the other
side. 1t will be necessary to continue
to repress these crimes OF foreign origin
in drastic and eficacious way, which
can only be done by the special tri-
bunal."
Heavy Sentences Imposed.
In the last few weeks the tribunal.
following out the rigid laws against
Communists, passed some heavy SEN
tencNs and condemned in one fortnight
alone 148 prisoners. Two days later
it sentenced 10 others to prison. 1t
was possible alto to detect a change of
view in the case Of q Communist and
his son Of Bologna. They had not only
taken part in Communist propaganda,
but resorted to counterfeiting small
coin, yet the father was sentenced only
to one year in prison and the son was
acquitted.
The general public has become ac-
customed to ignore the special tribunals
decision almost entirely, but to q GER
tain number Of people, even those who
wear the black shirt, it began to appear
that the sentences often were excess
Sively severe. For holding secret meet
ings in some barn or around tree in
a f1eld groups OF eight or ten Com
munists found themselves condemned
to five or six years in prison, while men
guilty of homicide and perhaps delib-
crate murder received lighter sentences.
The time may not be far Oh when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
Lifting of Art Embargo
In Italy Causes Alarm

ROME. - Recognizing the financial
difficulties of two patrician families,
Giovanelli and Dona dale Rose, the
government has lifted the embargo
from their two valuable art collections
at Venice, so that they may be sold and
taken out of the country.
These two collections, because Of their
Importance, were catalogued by order
of the government and, under the law
for the protection of works of art, could
not be sent abroad.
The Italian press recently raised an
alarm at the news and conducted O
campaign to have the auction of the
two great collections held at Venice and
not in Paris, New York or Amsterdam,
as has been suggested. 1t is hoped that
in this way the private Italian collectors
and institutes will have a greater
chance of competing successfully with
foreign bidders.
In spite Of the high offers which al
ready have been made. the government
has forbidden the sale abroad of the
following works included in the two IA
nous collections: La Tempesta" of
Giorgione (Giovanelli Gallery, the
'Allegory Of the Arts" of Tiepolo the
Christ Dead on the Knees of Mary" of
Giovanni Bellini and a Madonna" Of
Sansovino (Dona dale Rose Gallery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
GERMAN ARMY OFFICER
.LAUDS YANKS In FRANCE
Undue U. S. Losses Charged by Author
of New History Praising Dough.
boys for Courage.

much too high" but their courage was
equally high
And as Col. Otto implies. It was this
courage that won the war. For both
allies and Germans were waiting
breathlessly to see whether the new
American soldiers would be able to play
a decisive role
A German army order during the
Belleau Wood battle warned the Ger
man commanders against allowing the
Americans even temporary advantage,
which would be used by the allies as a
proof that the new Army was equal to
or superior to the Germans" Once it
was proven that in courage at least
they were equal. the fate OF the war
was decided. American superior num-
bers reconquered Belleau Wood and a
hundred other places, regardless of
losses.
DOughbOys Impressed Teutons.
On August 10. the oficial report Of
the ~ German Reserve Corps con-
tanned the following decisive admission:
Nothing but training is needed to make
the Americans foe to be feared.
Especially their proves at close
quarters impressed the Germans. In
general the German soldier, as the
author says, owing to the Teutonic
fury described by Tacitus," was with a
bayonet superior to the Latin or the
Slav and equaled only by the sport
trained Englishman or Australian. !"
The Americans were at least as for
midable as the latter and this impressed
the Germans.
Author Omits Hatred.
Furthermore, it was dif1icult for the
Teutonic soldier not to remember his
relatives in the United States or to feel
America as real enemy. This impress
sion was reinforced by the American
habit OF confusing the Germans by
shouting orders in German during the
fight The result was that although the
Germans considered the Americans re-
sponsible for their losing the war, in all
reports, both official and private, there
is no single word of hatred or dis
paragement.
The German soldier saw In the
American opposite him not an enemy,
but merely an opponent who was as
willing as he to give his life for his
country"
Copyright, 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
BY EDGAR ANsEL MowRER.

~ ERLN. - THE Star Spangled
- Banner Against Black, White,
Red" a picture of great battles
IL Cgrosskampfbild) is the title of
q contribution to military his
tory which has just appeared from the
typewriter of the retired German lieu
tenant colonel, Ernst Otto, at present
employed in the national German
archives According to its author, this
is just about the first attempt made in
Germany TO describe and appraise OPP
erations of the American Army. and 1t
aims to be the hymn Of the front-line
soldier, and to honor the Incompatible
bravery with which both sides fought.
Furthermore, it seeks to rescue the
German soldier from the aspersion OF
having fought badly against the Ameri-
cans. Against the fresh attacking
masses Of the Americans, who. conf
dent OF victory, threw themselves reck-
lesSly into the machine gun f1re, con-
temptuouS Of death, our tired, shat
tered decimated remains of companies
hurled themselves again and again"
Lieut.. Col Otto writes.
Lieut.. Col Otto has chosen TO de-
scribe two battles, the struggles around
Belleau Wood in June. 1918, where the
Marines played the decisive role, and
Blanc Mont in Picardy, in which the
author personally commanded a Ger
man unit.
Needless U. s. Losses Charged.
The book is made for military spe-
cialists. There are admirable maps and
each detail is traced lovingly, with all
possible regard for source material, both
ofncial and private But especially in
view OF the recent publication Of the
Pershing memoirs, all Americans must
De interested IN the general descrip-
ton and appreciation OF the American
troops which 1t affords.
For this appreciation is one Of the
most nattering that American soldiers
have ever received. The Germans first
met the Americans on June 3 near
Belleau Wood, entirely unexpectedly
Even more unexpected were the Ameri-
can modes Of fighting.
AS one German wrote, you can't hope
10 escape losses If you enter battle "1n
close groups, with rifles on straps
around your neck, pipe in mouth and
hands in pockets" Again and again in
these reports we read of American at
tacks being made in thick masses" I'm
close columns" As soon as they came
under heavy fire the American rife
men ran together in heaps like sheep
when it thunders."
American Officers Blamed.
This absurd manner of lighting the
Germans laid to defective training and
made the American officers and lack
OF experience responsible. Gen. PERISH
ing. In his memoirs, refers to his fire.
quent efforts TO prevent his troops from
adopting the trench method tactics
Of the French.
Certainly, French trained troops
would never, in the middle of the
fourth year Of war, have offered such
target TO their enemies, and it Is pos
sible Pershing would have spared much
blood had he hardened more to his
allies.
On the other hand, the Germans
were amazingly impressed by american
bravery. Mown down by machine gun
IRE, the men pressed on. TO XIII or be
killed, as one prisoner told the Ger
| man oi1icer.
| The Americas losses were always
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24

II Smith could carry all those States
he would have 267 electoral votes and
win the election
Illinois Omitted.
This compilation omits Illinois as a
State that Smith might carry Yet
Illinois last year elected a Democratic
Senator who ran on Smiths wet issue
Illinois has 90 electoral votes Any one
who wishes can substitute Illinois In
the list in place of Wisconsin and
Minnesota and North Dakota combined
Also. this list omits Ohio Yet Ohio
does go Democratic rather frequently.
Ohio has Is electoral votes.
The reader will understand, of course,
that If Smith should win at all next
year 1t would not be literally through
making the precise addition listed
above, nor by carrying precisely the
States mentioned. If Smith should win
he would do so through a widespread
trend. All this article shows is that
a trend need not be extremely strong
in order to give Smith the victory.
The net of it all is that Smiths
friends are by no means fantastic in
their conviction that Smith, If noni-
mated next year, might win the cleo
of course. that the
business depression continues. That he
would do very much better than in
1928, that he would have more than
twice as many electoral votes Is almost
certainty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24

has always refused to be ''bamboozled"
in politics.
One of the most delightful pages Of
his career is the day on the eve of the
1924 elections when he bowed out
turning the laugh against them-the
three solemn emissaries OF the Cartel
des Gauches who had come to prove to
him that 1t was his republican duty"
to withdraw in favor OF Painleve. The
three ENJOYS returned empty-handed
and discounted. They were obliged to
recognize, according to the popular ex-
preston, that they had had to deal
with "downy' bird"
We may not have noticed 1t at the
moment. but we can clearly see it today,
that without Doumergue's subtle and
patient political game in 1924 and 1925
the great Poincare cabinet which saved
the franc and France would not have
been possible. M. Poincare could not
have taken over power in 1925, and
could not have gathered the almost
unanimous votes of a chamber which
had been unwilling to support him only
two months earlier II series OF astute
steps-perfectiy legal and legitimate
had not proved that any other COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
Dust Cloud Aboard Ship
Blown 800 Miles to Sea

HONOLULU.-Dus rising from the
ocean was a new experience for Capt.
G.. B. Wait, commander Of the Matson
liner Maui, and the passengers aboard
his vessel a few days ago. The dust was
FIRST sighted 300 miles Off the Califor-
MIA Coast, whereas between that spot
and the coast all was clear The dust
cloud through which the liner steamed
was as thick as heavy fog and made
the taking of sights and observations
impossible.
It was first thought the dust cloud
was the result of volcanic activity in
far-of Alaska. but reports later from
Washington, Oregon and Northern CAL
ifornia indicated that heavy off-shore
winds, sweeping from the interior, had
carried huge clouds Of dust far out over
the ocean. The phenomenon is unique
in the history OF veteran Pacific skip
pers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
German Society Begins
u. S. Economic Study

BERLIN-The German Society for
World Economics" has founded a spe-
cial section for the study Of the eco
nomic situation in the United States.
This Is the first organization Of its type
in Berlin. The first meeting took place
April 20.
Prof. Horace Taylor of Columbia
University delivered the Introductory
nomic Science to Business in the
United States" Special courses on the
economic structure, or organization and
situation in America, win be organized
for students,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
ITALY'S SPECIAL TRIBUNAL
GETS NEW LEASE ON LIFE
Signs of Milder Penalties by Court, Which
Has Been Terror of Anti-Fascis
Since 1926, Are Seen, However.

the special tribunal will be abolished
altogether, especially as three years
ago MusSolini declared that he hoped
soon to be able to diminish the rigor
of existing measures.
(Copyrieht, 1870
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
BY AUGUSTINE BEAUMONT.

~ ONE, May IA new lease Of
- life was accorded last week to
IN the special military tribunal
i which, since November 1926,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-24
MELLON CALLS BORROWING
TEMPORARY AID In SLUMP
Secretary, Speaking in Forum, Finds
Impending Deficit Raising Question
Whether Tax System Meets Needs.
washington Star and broadcas

HE text of Secretary Mellcn's adj
dress last night in the National
Radio Forum, arranged by The
Wa rlaiYnnfnHn Cfor nd k,,.r,n drn rf
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-16
Page Reported in Line for
jobs at Chicago, Minnesota

alumni groups at Wisconsin. win resign to
become coach at Indiana.
Several candidates, including
Thistlethwaite, Tom Lieb, former
line coach at Notre Dame: WalIy
Middlesworth, FACES assistant at
Indiana; Otto Strohmeier, former
Chicago star and freshman coach
at Indiana, and E. c. Hayes, Indi-
ana track coach, are mentioned as
possibilities for the Hoosier post.
Fred Dawson, who turned out sue
cessful teams at Nebraska before
illness forced his retirement, is ready
to resume coaching and is seeking
the Indiana job, according to other
runors.
Page also is said to be dickering
with Pennsylvania and the United
States naval academy to fill grid
vacancies, and is said to be con-
sidering an offer from University
of California at Los Angeles.
A meeting Of the faculty athletic
committee will be held at Bloom
ington within the next few days"
to consider Pages successor, !. y.
officials said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-16
BY DIXON STEWART
United Press staff Correspondent

CHICAGO, Jan. 16.-With Pat
Pages resignation, by request, as
head football coach at Indiana uni
versity, a crop of rumors regarding
Big Ten conference coaching posts
gained circulation today. i
Until Pages resignation was an
nouaced, the Big Ten coaching sit
uatson appeared well stabilized, with
no prospects of the 1881 season
bringing new faces to the circuit.
With Page forced out by alumni in
reference, the following reports
were circulated:
/. Page viii become assistant to Coach
A. A. Staeg Of Chicago and succeed The
Grand Old Man at the close Of the 1881
season, when Stagg win complete forty
years as head football coach at the MID
way.
head grid coach at Minnesota, will aban-
don coaching with Page assuming the task
and Crisler remaining as athletic director.
8. Glenn ThistIethwaite, under fire Of