davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1931-05-26

tube evacuation making possible the re-
markable results of present-day radio.
1t is the basis for the development of
all tube-controlled devices and it's new
est offshoot, the electric-eye or photo
electric cell, has been called the closest
approach to the human brain cell by
man. 1t is the heart of radio. of tele-
vision, and of electrons generally, and is
used in X-ray machines, for surgery,
for levelling elevators at floors auto
matically and IN a thousand other
modern pursuits.
DeForest Right UphIed.
Lee DeForest invented the first vacu-
um tube but the patent expired some
six years ago. The court held that the
chief distinction between the Langmuir
and the DeForest tube was in the higher
vacuum of the latter, and that Lang
muir simply applied previous knowledge
to the art. which is unpatentable. The
suit originally was brought by General
Electric against DeForest for alleged in
fringement Of the Langmuir Patents.
The Federal District Court at Whining
ton, Del, held the Langmuir patent in
valid and was sustained by the Circuit
Court of Appeals at Philadelphia, only
to have the latter court reverse itself
later. DeForest then appealed to the
United State Supreme Court, which
now affirrns the original opinion of the
District Court.
Independent tube manufacturers. says
Oswald F. Shuette. executive secretary
of the Radio Protective Association. who
has waged a relentless battle against
r. c. A. win a sweeping victory in the
decision. He declares that had the
Langmuir patent been sustained. every
manufactured of high vacuum tubes Of
every character would be forced to pay
7i2 per cent tribute" to r. G. A. and its
associates.
Patents Invalid.
Now about Is tube manufacturers are
understood to be licensed to use the
Langmuir patents along with other
r. c. A. tube patents. Since the patAnt
is held invalid, this licensing arrange
ment insofar as the Langmuir process
is concerned, automatically is termi-
mated r. c. A, in all, controls ap-
proximately 1000 radio patents, of
which the Langmuir process was held
possibly the most valuable.
Out of about 25 radio tube patents
on which the courts have now handed
down their decisions, every one has
been held TO be worthless" Mr.. Schuette
said. yet the independent radio indus
try has spent mere than $500,000 de-
Tending itself against these suits and Is
formerly independent tube companies
have paid hundreds of thousands of dol
lars in royalties to escape further liti-
CATION.
"As a result Of the decision. these
companies should not only recover the
royalties they have paid, but they are
entitled in addition to recover triple
damages for all the injuries they have
suffered. Already S50,000.oo0 worth of
these triple damage suits have been
filed by tube and set manufacturers and
more are coming"
(Copyright 1917
Evening star., 1931-05-26

been appointed by President Hoover
and Mr.. Stone by President Coolidge.
Incidentally. it is an ironic fact that
MessrS. Hughes and Stone, especially
Hughes, We're hotly denounced and their
confirmation opposed by self designated
Progressive Republicans and Democrats
in the Senate, who expressed their dis
approval in the familiar phrases about
tools of Wall Street" The Senate at
tack on Mr. Hughes was so violent as
to be sensational
The ascent of liberal thought into
dominance over conservative emerges
into notice Just now because the court,
on three successive Mondays-last week
this week and next weeks handing
down an accumulation of important de-
cisions The cleavage between liberal
and conservative and the dominance
of the former appear particularly in
two areas of decisions One, speaking
broadly. emphasizes human rights and
constitutional guarantees to the tndi-
vidual, such as freedom of speech.
These human rights the liberals of the
court tend to protect or enlarge. The
ing very roughly. tends to restrain pri-
vate property rights and to enlarge the
powers of State governments in dealing
with private property.
OF these decisions now being handed
down in the clearing up of the years
work, by far the most fundamental is
the one in the Indiana chain store tax
case. Even to suggest the effect of this
decision is beyond the scope Of brief
dispatch. Also any definition to the
effect of the decision would be, of
course. in part hypothetical and con-
troversial.
Perhaps it would be reasonably safe
to say that this decision, among many
other far-reaching effects, opens the
way for State governments, in laying
taxes and for other purposes, to make,
to very great degree, a discrimination
between small businesses and big busi-
nesses between one-man businesses and
multiple businesses and to deliberately
foster the small business at the expense
of the large one.
However, II this decision Is as epoch
making as much of the most thought
full part of Washington considers it, the
complete exposition of its significance
will fill many future book.
(Copyrtght, 1917
Evening star., 1931-05-26
ATTEND
TITANIC UNWILLING
Stimson Is Chairman at DIED.
ication of Memorial to
Dead of ShipWreck.

President and Mrs. Hoover arranged
to attend the unveiling of the Titanic
Memorial, at the foot of New Hampshire
avenue on the banks of the Potomac
River. this afternoon, in the Rock Creek
and Potomac Parkway.
With the ceremony scheduled 10 COM
mence at 4:3o o'clock. Lieut.. Col u. S.
Grant, Sd. director of public buildings
and public parks, prepared to present
Secretary Stimson as chairman of the
occasion. The principal address will be
delivered by Representative Robert Luce
Republican, of Massachusetts,, chairman
Of the House Committee on the Library
Right Rev. James E Freeman. Bishop
OF Washington, will pronounce the in
vocation. Mrs. William Howard Taft
will unveil the memorial, and the Ma
rine Band will render The Star Span
gled Banner"
Mrs. Harry Payne whitney. the
sculptress of the memorial, which ex-
hibits figure emblematic of the spirit
Of sacrifice, will be introduced to the
assembly, Mrs. John Hays Hammond
chairman of the Women's Titanic Me-
mortal Association, which has super
ViSed the creation of the memorial. Is
scheduled to present the statue to the
Republic
Following the address of Representa-
tive Luce the Marine Band will plav
America" and Mrs Robert S. Chew
and Mrs. James w. Wadsworth, ir.,
will present wreaths Benediction will
be pronounced by Rabbi Abram Simon,
The playing of Taps" will close the
program.
The memorial bears this inscription:
ITO the brave men who perished in
the wreck Of the Titanic April Is. 1912
They gave their lives that women and
children might be saved. Erected by
the Women of America"
Evening star., 1931-05-26
TWO WOMEN INJURED
BY CAR AT CROSSING
Both Stepped Out From Behind
Parked Car When Hit,
Police Told.

Mrs. Mary S. Vigderhouse, SO, of 1929
Upshur street, and Mrs. Mary Wolfe, 80
of 1920 Varnum street, suffered cuts
and bruises yesterday afternoon when
they were knocked down by an auto
while crossing Sixteenth and Varnum
streets. They were treated at Garfield
Hospital.
Police were told the women stepped
from behind a parked machine and
were struck by car operated by Rath-
bone T. Lallande, so years old, of the
$500 block Adams Mill road.
Thrown against the side OF a street
car when 1t came to a sudden halt, Miss
Laura J. Graddick, SO, of 1920 Sixteenth
street, a Treasury Department clerk, re-
ceived fractured knee yesterday after
noon: She was taken TO Emergency
Hospital
Evening star., 1931-05-26
MAN, rs, TRIES TO TAKE
OWN LIFE WITH KNIFE
Niece Finds Daniel Shelton In Gel
lar of Home With Throat and
Wrists Cut.

Daniel w. Shelton, IS years old, of
1891 I street. southeast, Is in critical
condition at Casualty Hospital with
self imposed wounds of the throat and
wrists inflicted In an attempt to end
his life late yesterday, according to
police.
Shelton had been in III health for
the past three weeks. police were told.
A niece. Mrs. Cora z. Murray, found
Shelton slumped in chair In the base
nent. of his home with butcher knife
lying nearby when she returned from
a shopping trip. A staff physician from
Casualty Hospital and members of the
fire rescue squad administered emer-
gency treatlneg and rushed the man to
the hospital.
Evening star., 1931-05-26
OCEAN FLIER DUE HERE
Comdr. Albert c. Read of NC-4 AS
signed to Duty in Capital.

Con1dr. Albert c. Read. who COM
manded the NC-4 in 1919 on the famous
transatlantic flight, Is coming to Wash
inaton on duty in the Bureau of Aero
nautics, Navy Department. He will be
detached from the U. S. S. Saratoga,
where he has been executive officer since
May, 1929.
Condr Read. cne Of the outstanding
aviators in the naval service, has had
extensive experience. Following his
transocear1ic fight, he was attached TO
the Office of naval operations here, and
later cruised 10 cities on the Atlantic
and Gulf coasts and up the Mississippi
River.
Evening star., 1931-05-26
PRESIDENT STUDIES
ECONOMY MATTERS
WITH HIS CABINET

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1931-05-26
SUPREME COURT INVALIDATES
LANGMUIR RADIO TUBE PATENT
R. C. A. Receives Crushing
Blow in Decision Favorinu
De Forest Company.
1,4OO Station Licenses Held
by Defeated Concern Jeop-
ardized by New Ruling.
BY ROBERT MACK.

Perhaps the most valuable of the
thousand or more patents that unite to
make radio, which might have meant
to its owners most powerful radio
monopoly, today stands invalidated by
the Supreme Court of the United
States.
The Langmuir high vacuum tube
the life-blood of modern radio and OF
the miraculous electronics arts sim
ply a scientific explanation" of old
processes and cannot be patented. the
court has held. The decision. handed
down Monday in the case of DeForest
Radio Co. against the General Electric
Co., has been in litigation for nearly
five years.
Blow to r.. c. A.
1t was another crushing blow for the
Radio Corporation of America, Gus
todian of the pool of radio patents Of
General Electric, Westinghouse and
other r. c. A. associates. 1t follows the
r. C. AS defeat at the hands OF
DeForest in the Supreme Court just a
month ago In another tube case, in
which the r. c. A. was held to have
violated the anti-monopoly laws. AS
a result of the latter decision some 400
radio station licenses held by this COM
pany and its subsidiaries legally are in
jeopardy.
The Langmuir patent is a process of
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
RepercussiOns of the British Tariff.
New York Herald Tribune

Great Brtain's sudden conversion to protection
seems to be producing far more sound, fury and
excitement in Paris and Brussels than anywhere
else. trade war" is all at discovered to be
raging the English Channel; and a retalia-
tory project for a Franco Belgian customs union
ultimately to include the Dutch, the Scandnavians,
even Germany-appears as if by magic. Thus easily
all the difficulties encountered by M Brands
United States of Europe to be swept away and
Continental rivalries stled by a single gesture
from Westminster. No doubt it gives Westminster
the grim satisfaction enjoyed by the that has
turned. One of the strongest arguments upon which
tariff sentiment was built up in Great Britain
the argument that protection would give the English
bargaining hand against the tariff makers of the
Continent. The sWiftness and violence of the Con-
tinental protest must convince the English that the
hand is powerful
Protest certainly will not turn back the British
protectionists, and may doubt whether
the threats of war" and retaliation are very serious
AS we have learned they are always heard when
any large nation adjusts it's schedules upward,
though they seldom remembered for long. The
real question is perhaps whether Great Britain will
be drawn into that system of tariff-makng by bar
gain which already is driving the "most-favored
ton" clause out of Europe. The powers bestowed
on the Board of Trade by the emergency anti
since they broad enough to be used against
another specific nation and they may be
applied with the flexibity of administrative as OPP
posed to legislative action. When permanent act
is written the British, unlike ourselves will find
themselves unhampered by any established policy
and free to adopt whatever method of tariff making
they think most useful.
The bargain tariff, which tends to be written
by diplomats around table rather than by legisa-
tors in full view of their constituents undoubtedly
has its advantages. 1t permits a exact adj
justment of to the desired economic end, and
if political aims frequently enter to disturb the
economics the disturbance may be greater than
that occasioned by own system of domestic log
rolling The fact that BritainS export trade is
essential to her makes it almost inevitable that she
should her tariff schedules to special
favors for her EXPORTS and may conclude that
her entry into the tariff field is likely to prove
another reinforcement for the idea Of tariff
making quid pro quo process.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

William Gibbs McAdoo shrugged his shoulders
when asked about Democratic Presidential pos
siblites, remarking that far only vets had been
mentioned for the nomination. The inference is
permissible that he is not highly pleased with the
material offered and is ready to get out his theme
song of 1924 California Here I Come" if a move
ment to draft him is started-(Seattle Tmes)
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
SOMMERS COMPLETES
NEW INDIAN SCHOOL
BUILDING In HOONAH

The new Indian schoolhouse at
Hoonah is entirely completed, has
been accepted by the Offic eof In
dian Affairs, and the school has
moved into the building, it was
made known here today by r. j.
Sommers, President of the r. j.
Sommers Construction Company
of this city, which had the contract
for the job. Mr.. Sommers was in
active charge of the work.
He returned here on the Este
beth today. The building was COM
pleted last week and the building
crew, practically all Hoonah resi-
dents, discharged
Mr.. Sommers will remain here
for few days, then take passage
for Seattle where he will join
Mrs. Sommers for the holidays.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
FIXING TARIFFS BY BARGAINING.

The New York Herald Tribune thinks Great
Britain will her tariff for the purpose
of inducing other countries to trade with her-to
reduce their tariffs in exchange for British reduc
tons.
If so, let hope that among the first round
table conferences of the British Government will
be with American tariff makers. If could get
our tariff down by that means it would help lot
However, the Herald Tribune intimates, we
would first have to denounce the "most-favored ma
lions" clause in treaties to take full advantage
Of the trading tariff dea The prospect of getting
all the countries to bargain themselves into freer
trade union would make the denouncng worth
while.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
A WAY TO MEET THE TAXATION
CRISIS.

The struggle of the National Government to
balance the budget and not increase taxes to bur-
densome proportions ought to convince sensible
men and women in and out of Congress that the
shortest and most effective route to the desired
end would be through the repeal of Prohibition.
In that way the cost of policing and land the
cost of the Judiciary, the cost of maintaining jals
and prisons and many other items could be reduced
by millions millions Not only that but a fair
tax on making and distributing high grades of
beverages. Lawlessness and crime and their cost,
in the United States now would produce a billion
a year or more without adding to the cost of the
beverages. Lawlessness and crime, and its cost,
would be materially reduced. We would have a
happier country and the groaning of those who
bear the burdens of government would be dim
iniShed
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
PAROLE OR PARDON FOR FALL.

More power to Senator James Hamilton Lewis
and Senator Bronson Cutting who are endeavoring
to get a a parole for former Secretary Albert B.
Fall. He ought to be paroed-or, better yet, par
doned Old and i'll with his days drawing near the
end, the only sufferers now are the members of an
estimable family There is absolutely no good
purpose being served by keeping this old and
tottering in prison AT liberty he would
one, and if there were those who
desired revenge against him for anything the
vengeance ought to be slaked by this time His
humiliation has been complete. Broken in health
and spirit with broken hearted wife and daughters,
it would be hard heart that would want to keep
up the punishment.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

Daily Empire Want Ads Pay.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Newton D.
Baker seem to have the inside track as
Democratic Presidential possibilities. But AL
falfa Bill Murray still has show-(Port
Angeles News)
1t is not bad show at that except that it is
slightly overstocked with clowns
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

In seeking a pardon for Alpert B. Fall James
Hamilton Lewis is living up to traits tradi-
tions that have won for him in his active lifetime
the undying friendship of many many thousands
throughout the country.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
ON SICK LIST

Henry Straiger is a patient at
st. AIMS hospital, which he en-
tered several days ago, to reveive
treatment for lung affection.
Dick Schmidt became i'll yester-
day with an attack of lagrippe.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23
TO TELEPHONE PATRONS

A new telephone directory is
now in course of preparation.
Patrons contemplating change of
address or persons who wish to
have telephones installed are re-
quested to notify the telephone
company before December &c. Tele-
phone APO. adv.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

If understand the signs of the times the
country needs sales than it needs a sales
tax
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1931-12-23

Japan admits that regional" state of war
exists. But aren't all wars more less regional
Cincinnati Enquirer)
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

The white-collar folks who lost their
shares of stock their jobs--in
the stock market crash, may even yet
be receiving requests for income tax
reports.
Some of these "gilt-edged stocks"
have been paying handsome dividends
even during the whole of the depres-
sion. And those who are fortunate
recipients of these unearned "doles"
must find some place, ultimately, be-
sides the savings banks, in which to
put their money. (Of course they put
it where it will draw interest until
they can look around for the best
place to invest.) And so they will
add another million or two to the
sstotal number of stockholders" when
they get around to the salesman who
can put it over" and sell them a
good block of stuff.
But--and however-perhaps by the
time we get next years returns. there
may be in evidence the reduction in
the total number of persons owning
stick, after the freeze-outs and the
squeeze-outs have done their orthodox
talks. - international Labor News
Service.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04
SLICIVC
The .'BOLONEY'
By w. ]. NEWMAN

"It is an age of great business
enterprises owned by the people"
Well, that is fine business, for "the
people"
The question is, does this statement
cover, 1--WE, the people?"
Or is it referring to another group,
rather more limited in number, of
whom we heard that they have said,
1--WE are the people, and wisdom
shall die with us ?"
The remark quoted above was part
of an article explaining the great
number of stockholders-the con-
stantly and astonishingly increasing
number of stockholders, indeed--in
the great corporations of our line.
Here is the meat of it: "Our at
tention is called to 128 leading busi-
mesh enterprises which have over ten
thousand stockholders each. Alto
gether they had nearly 4,200,0 600
stockholders at the end of 1929, and
over 100000 at their last dividend
date prior to December l, 1890"
Now, there are certain normal lim-
itations to the ownership of even
"less than 100 shares; and these linn
itations will be vitally connected with
the income available in the control OF
persons making these investments
The Saturday Evening Post, in an ad-
vertisement recommending its pages
for advertising purposes, suggested
that there are only 4,062,sO families
in the United States (which have
ample current money to spend-whicf
have filed income tax returns"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

So that we are in position to
make much better guess than the
author of the article. Suppose we
just take these four million odd fam
ilies-they may safely be supposed to
be holders of shares of stock in some
of these companies. And if they are
wise. they do not put all their eggs
in one basket"-they spread" their
investments. Suppose we say that
they diffuse their spare monies among
six of these various companies. Some
of the four millions will surely even
do more than that. But we are safe
in making the average that large
in which case we have 24,0OO,OO0
stockholders, using the method of
counting employed by the author of
the article.
Now, there are about 20 million
families in this country-if you want
to count families. And so the ques-
L1On dTlScS- ARE tIlCSC SACAt phoi
ness enterprises owned by the peo-
Pile" Or are these great business
enterprises owned by 'the people
the four million?
Nothing is said in the article, how
ever, about the kinds of stock owned
by these various stockholders. 1t
probably includes preferred stock" "
which is especially secured, but car
ries no voting power unless the con-
cern goes bankrupt. Then there are
various classes of "a" stock and "B"
stock, carrying certain preferences
as to dividends and so forth, but hav-
ing no control, in such matters as one
million-dollar bonuses to managing
officers.
And then there is the mournful
fact, that some of these families have
been filing income tax returns-but
are now represented in the ranks OF
the unemployed - AND BUSTED!
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04
ROBBING LABOR

During these times of depression
in the midst of plenty, one hears lot
about some employers wanting to cut
wages 1t makes one wonder where
are those who have been admiring
Abraham Lincoln during the past few
decades? They seem to have forgot
ten his great poem, which runs as
follows, and is as true today as it was
then:
All that serves labor serves nation.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

All that harms labor is treason.
No line can be drawn between the
two.
If any man tells you he loves his coun-
try, yet hates labor, he is liar.
If any man tells you he trusts his
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

A fine spirit Of cooperation and
understanding among the members
and officials of local unions means
much in carrying on the work and
principles of the union.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

country, yet fears labor, he is a
liar.
There is no country without labor, and
to fleece the one is to rob the
other.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

If all members Of the local union
continue to help uphold the ideal that
all members of the union have pledg-
ed themselves to uphold, satisfying
and permanent result is bound to
come and stay.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

The Friend Of Labor

interests best interests 1t upon the efforts of
the laborng that success depends, naturally
vitality interested in his best interests you
have account here you cannot understand how much
it means Drop in and let us get acquainted
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

All that serves labor serves nation.