davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
$8lD,ODO,ODO BOND
ISSUE AIDS DEBTS
Treasury Makes Offering, in
Face of Deficit, to Retire
Short Term Notes.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
A lonE-term bond issue totaling
$500, o00, 900 will be offered to the
public June IS by the Treasury. The
proceeds will be used to retire short
term securities.
AS Secretary Mellon announced this
move in Government financing yester-
day in spite of $1,000, 900, 900 Treas
ury deficit, the Commerce Department
reported that business conditions gen.
orally in April showed improvement.
April was described by the Com
merce Department as the third con-
secutive month in which the volume q
business in the United States, after
allowing for normal seasonal trends
showed further slight expansion from
the low levels established in January
while the seasonal decline occurring in
early May has been slightly larger than
usual"
Mature In 1949.
The new Treasury bonds will mature
in 1949. They will bear 3ls per cent
interest and will be redeemabIe after
June Is, 1916. Replacing $3.50 G00,-
600 in certificates Of Indebtedness, they
will reduce the short-term debt to about
$4,000, 100000 The balance will be
used to pay interest en- the public
debt and to meet other obligations.
The issue will help the Treasury
simplify its short-term debt problem
but will have slight effect on the deficit
this fiscal wear, ending June 80
Treasury officials expect an expendi-
ture of $4,435, 900 900 by then, with the
total income amounting to but $1,000
OOO, 900, due to decreases in income tax
and customs receipts.
In its survey CT current business the
Commerce Department said the output
Of manufactures in April, was larger
than in March. owing chiefly to
greater than seasonal improvement In
the food products, automobile, leather
shoe, cement and tobacco industries
while iron, steel and non-ferrus metal
production was smaller than in the
preceding month"
Production Increases.
Industrial production" the depart
ment said. "as measured by the Fed
eral Reserve Boards Seasonally adjusted
index. registered another increase ir
April, and in that month was 8 pei
cent above the December level. Out
put of manufacturers WIS larger than II
March, owing chiefly to greater thar
seasonal improvement in the fooc
products, automobile, leather, shoe, &C.
ment and tobacco industries, while iron
and steel and non-ferrous metal pro-
Continued on Page 4, Column 80
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

Copies of two secret plans for auto
matte machine guns, the originals OF
which were purchased by the Govern
ment a few days ago, we're removed by
expert craftsmen from the safe OF the
Automatic Guns Corporation, 302 Albee
Building, Robert F. Hudson, president
of the corporation, reported to District
police and the Department of Justice
today.
The plans, it is understood, were for
the manufacture of a .50-caliber ma
chine gun, said to be the most power
full ever adopted by any country and
would have revolutionized this branch
of ordnance in this country.
Patent rights are said to have been
obtained in all countries except Soviet
Russia.
After making preliminary investi-
CATION consisting Of superficial ex-
animation of the safe and questioning
of employees of the corporation, police
decided to leave further investigation
up to the Department Of Justice. 1t is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
OK COMMON LAW
MARRIAGES HERE
Court of Appeals Declares
Absence of Specific Ban
VaIidates Unions.

Common-law marriages are valid in
the District of Columbia, the District
Court of Appeals ruled today in an
opinion by Justice D. Laurence Groner,
reversing the action of the District
Supreme Court. The latter had granted
an injunction against Robert J. Hoage
deputy commissioner of the United
States Employees Compensation Com
mission, awarding compensation to the
surviving common-law wife Of Turner
Sutton. who died while in the employ
Of Murch Brothers Construction Co.
The company and its surety brought
suit to prevent the award being carried
out, and the lower court granted the
Injunction on the ground that even II
the facts supported Hoages finding, 1t
could not be enforced because 1.-The re-
latiopship of common-law marriage does
not exist in the District of Columbia. +"
Hoage appealed.
Justice Gives Opinion.
In holding common law marriages
legal. Justice Groner said: I'VE think
it cannot now be controverted that an
agreement between a man and woman
to be husband and wife. consummated
by cohabitation as husband and wife,
constitutes a valid marriage unless
there be in existence in the State in
which the agreement is made, a statute
declaring the marriage to be invalid I'M
less solemnized in prescribed manner.
I'VE think it equally true that the
rule now generally recognized is that
statutes requiring a marriage to be
preceded by license or to be solemn
lied by a religious ceremony without
words of nullity as to marriages con-
tracted otherwise are directory merely
and failure to procure the license or
to go through religious ceremony does
not invalidate the marriage"
Justice Groner reviewed at length
the marriage laws of the District which
he said must furnish the guide as ID
the existence of the common law right
in this District. He reached the con-
clusion that since they fail to show a
legislative intent to abrogate the COM
mon law right which may not be pre-
Continued on Page 2. Column A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
MACHINE GUN PLANS
SOLD TO u. S. STOLEN
Two Secret Drawings Are Looted From
Company's Safe by Cracksmen-Lack
of Fingerprints Puzzles Police.

understood four agents from head
quarters here Immediately took charge
of the case.
The robbery is believed to have oc-
Cured last night. The plans, however,
we're not missed from the safe, Mr.
Hudson said, until shortly after noon
today.
Oficials of the company were re-
luctant to talk about the robbery.
While Department of Justice agents
and Sergt. John Flaherty of the Dis
trict police were questioning draughts-
men employed by the company, Mr.
Hudson let it be known that two i'm
portant plans pertaining to development
of a machine gun for the United States
Government were the only articles taken
from the safe" He said that all efforts
will be made to prevent the plans from
being taken from this country.
Police described the work as beine
done by experts The cracksmen, while
probably armed with the necessary tools
to force an entrance into the strong
box. opened the doors by working the
Continued on Page 2, Column So
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
RICHIE FOR DRY
DEBATE AT FARLEY
Favors Discussion of Unem'
ployment Also at Confer.
ence of Governors.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
FRENCH LICK, Ind, June l.-State
executives attending the twenty-tnlro
annual Conference of Governors today
displayed disposition to discuss some
controversial subjects that purposely had
been left of the formal program.
Gov. Albert c. Richie OF Maryland
who has been mentioned as Demo
cratic presidential candidate next year
expressed the belief it would not be
amiss to discuss the problems OF pro-
hibition and unemployment. The Mary
land Governor is to preside at one Of
the round table discussions.
Subjects assigned to the various Gov
errors by the Program Committee dealt
only with the technique of State gov
eminent, and to Clifford Pinchot, Penn
sylvanias executive, was assigned the
topic of reforestation. Instead he has
prepared an address on public utilities
Executives from "a commonwealth
attended.
Taxation formed the general topic
Of the opening session. with addresses
by Gov. Wilbur M Brucker of Michigan
and Gov. Harry H. Woodring Of Kansas
Tax burdens, declared Gov. Bruckcr
in his prepared address, have become
menace to the stability CT govern
ment. He urged that the States assist
in the simplitcat.on and uniflcation OF
local political units so they will be-
come more responsive to the public
will.
Real tax relief, in the opinion OF
Gov. Woodring. must be sought through
a reduction in local taxes. He sug-
tested States should adopt policy Of
limiting the maximum tax levy OF
maximum per capita expenditure OF
local units Too much State control
he said in his prepared speech, was re-
Sponsible in many instances for high
local taxes. He expressed the belief
that within prescribed limitations the
local unit should be permitted to work
out its own salvation.
Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New
York, also considered Democratic pos
sibility in 1882, will address the con-
ference on land utilization.
Gov. Case presided at this mornings
session and Gov. Harry G. Leslie well
coined the visiting executives. Another
speaker listed on todays program was
Gov. o. Max Gardiner of North Caro-
lima, who was to have described the
new road program of this State. The
North Carolina Governor had not
reached here today, however.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
FALL BR|BE APPEAL
REVIEW IS REJECTED
BY SUPREME COURT
Hope to Escape 0ne-Year
Jail Term and 100000
Fine Lost.
DECISION CLIMAXES LONG
FIGHT IN OIL CASES
Aged Defendant in III Health.
Reluctant to Garry
Trial On.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Supreme Court today refused n
review the conviction Of Albert B. Fall
on charges of accepting bride in con-
nection with the naval oil reserve leases
as Secretary Of the Interior under Pres
ident Harding.
The Circuit Court of Appeals will
probably be officially informed that the
Supreme Court has denied Falls petit
ton for review tomorrow.
The Court of Appeals is expected.
under ordinary legal procedure, TO hand
down its mandate for execution of the
sentence to the District of Columbia
Supreme Court Immediately afterward.
probably the same day. Then, the lat
ter court will summon Fall to appear
for commitment. setting a date.
Under the action of the court Fall
must report at once for commitment
under his sentence of one year in the
pcnitentiary and payment Of a fine Of
100000
The former sbinet official vas con.
victed in October, 1929. of having ac-
cepted a 100000 bride from Edward L.
Doheny. The money was alleged to
have been brought To Washington by
Doheny's son in the famous little black
bag"
Bride Called Loan.
The Government commended the money
was given to influence Fall in leasing
the Elk Hills naval oil reserve in Cali
fornia to the Pan-American Petroleum
Co.. which Doheny represented. Fall
argued the sum was a loan from one
old friend to another.
The Federal grand jury in the Dis
trict Of Columbia in June. 1924, in
dicted Fall on the bribery charge. In
May, 1925, Fall and Doheny we're in
dicted for conspiracy based on the
passing Of the 100000.
Doheny and Fall were acquitted Of
the conspiracy charge in December,
1926.
The District Court of Appeals sus-
tanned Falls conviction on the bribery
indictment
Counsel for Fall in asking a review
insisted the Supreme Court should set
aside the conviction because Fall never
had authority to make the leases and
contracts, and, therefore. under line
OF court decisions could not be held
guilty under the bribery statute.
Ask Charges Dismissal.
They insisted the indictment must
be dismissed because persons not au-
thorized by law we're in the grand jury
room when it was returned.
The trlaI JUDGES instructions to the
jury with regard to its right to recon-
mend clemency was also attacked. as
was the judges reference to the failure
CT Fall to take the witness stand
After the Court of Appeals had sus-
tanned his conviction. Fall announced
that because of lack of funds he would
not seek Supreme Court review. but
would depend on his friends to obtain
executive clemency. Later he instructed
his counsel to ask a review.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
MINNESOTA PRESS
LAW HELD INVALID
Supreme Court, in 5-to-4
Decision, Declares Sup.
preston Act Void.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Supreme Court today by a
TO 4 decision. held invalid the Mime.
sofa law under which the Saturday
Press. Minneapolis weekly, was sup
pressed.
Chief Justice Hughes. in delivering
the majority opinion, said the Mime.
sofa law was in effect a censorship
and that sufficien: protection for thl
public from libelous or untrue articles
was provided in the libel laws.
Justice Butler delivered a dissenting
opinion i'll which Justices Van De-
vanter. McRcynolds and Sutherland
joined.
The liberty of the press, the Chief
Justice continued, prohibited restraint
upon publication but made publisher;
liable for what is printed. The free
dom of the press meant an unrestrain-
cd press, he added, and would not per-
nit censorship in times of peace.
1t was sufficient for the protection Of
the public to make the publication Of
scandalous and defamatory articles
punishable under the libel laws, he said
The ccnstitutionality of the law was
challenged by j. M. Near, one of the
publishers of the suppressed paper. He
contended the statute deprived him OF
the liberty guaranteed to the press BY
the Federal and State Constitutions.
The case attracted widespread atten.
ton. Numerous influential newspapers
commented editorially on the Minnesota
law. regarding it as an encroachment
upon the traditional freedom of the
press.
The statute was upheld by the State
Supreme Court. The Governor of the
State recommended its repeal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
NOTED FACULTY MEMBER
AT JOHNS HOPKINS DIES

BY the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE. June DIR Carroll
Gideon Bull, Al, professor of immun-
ology st the Johns Hopkins School Of
Hygiene, died here yesterday after an
illness of more than year.
Born in Knoxville, Tenn. Dr. Bull
was educated at Peabody College. Nash
vile, and at Chicago, Michigan and
Harvard Universities.
He taught later at Lincoln Memorial
Institute and at Nelson Morris Insti-
tute and was connected with the Rookie
Teller Institute from 1918 to 1917 at
New York. After service as a major in
the Medical Corps in the World War,
he became connected with Johns Hop
kins.
His widow, who was Miss zelrna
Smith of Atlanta. Ga, survives. The
funeral will be held here late today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
WILSON DEATH PLOT AT PARIS
Barred BY FORMER CODE CHIEF
Maj. Yardley Hints Presidents Fatal Ill
ness, Begun at Peace Conference, Was
Planned by Powers.

shock received as deciphered a
telegram which reported an entente
plot to aSsassinate President Wilson
either by administering a slow poison
or by giving him the influenza in ice"
the author said Our informant. in
whom we had the greatest confidence,
begged the authorities to inform the
President.
Il have no way Of knowing whether
this plot had any truth in fact. and, II
it had. whether it succeeded. But there
are these undeniable facts: President
Wilson's first sign of illness occurred
while he YVES in Paris and he was soon
to dc a lingering DEATH"
The so-called BLACK Chamber" was
room in the State. War and Navy
Builiing. overlooking the White House,
End behind its doors was employed a
taft of professional puzzle fans" bent
on solving the most intricate cod:s OF
secret messages.
How beautiful Washington society
Continued on Page 4, Column o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
HOMEMADE KNIFE TAKEN
FROM CROWLEY IN CELL
Slayer, Sentenced TO Chair. Found
Carrying Blade in Sing Sing
Death House.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
OSSINING, N. Y. June IA knife
three and one-half inches long. FASH
toned out OF the handle Of a spoon.
was found on Francis Crowley as he
was searched in the Sing Sing Death
House today.
Crowley was sentenced today by
County Judge Smith at Mineola to be
executed the week of July for the
murder of Policeman Frederick Hirsch.
The States case against Rudolph C.
Duringer. on trial IN the Bronx for the
killing OF his 20-year-old sweetheart.
Virginia Brannen, was closed today
when District Attorney Charles " Nc
Laugtlin had Duringer's confession
read into the record tor the second
time.
In the confession Duringer said he
killed the girl because she had told him
she no longer loved him and was going
to marry another man. The defendant
also said that he made up his mind to
kill her about minutes before he fired
the fatal shot. Duringer's attorney Is
expected 10 base the defense on the
contention that Duringer was too intox-
icated to premeditate murder.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
TWO GIVEN FINES
IN EXTORTlON TRY
Indictments Against Third Are
Dismissed on Motion of
Prosecutor.
By the Associated Press.


LAREDO, Tex. June 1.-Charses
against c. c. Julian. Oklahoma oil
operator. and c. c. 3oren and Clay
Mann in connection with an alleged at
tempt to abduct Lamar S. Boiling, San
Antonio business man, we're disposed OF
in District Court today. when Julian
and Boren we're assessed fines totaling
$4,000 and indictments against Mann
were dismissed.
Boiling, a former business associate
OF Julian, had alleged the men at
tempted to abduct him from hotel
here April at the point of pistol in
an effort to extort money from him.
kidnapping and conspiracy indict-
ments pending against the three men
were dismissed upon motion of Dis
trict Attorney John A. Walls, after fines
had been assessed in the other cases.
Julian and Boren we're fined 81 900
each on charges Of aggravated assault
with firearms. similar amounts on ag-
gravated assault charges and $500 each
on charges of simple assault.
The actual trial required only about
Is minutes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
GRENADE KILLS 4 BOYS
Hand Petard Hurts Other Youths
in Army Practice Field.

KASCHAU, Czechoslovakia, June l
R.-Sixteen boys deserted the cattle
they were tending today and crawled
under barbed wire fence into field
marked of by army authorities Tor
hand grenade practice.
One Of them picked up grenade
and showed IT to his companions. 1t
exploded. He was killed instantly.
Three others were wounded MORALLY
and several more we're injured seriously.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
BULLETIN

Arthur M. Huddell, international
president of the Union of Operating
Engineers, died this afternoon at
Sibley Memorial Hospital.
Mr.. Huddle, one Of three union Of
ficers who was in the lunch room
at Tenth and K streets, May 20,
when they were fired upon by an
unknown assailant, had collapsed
last week of shock incident to the
attack. He was not injured at the
time OF the shooting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

Spurred by the recent outbreak of
srootings, police today were seeking the
burglars who raided store at Sit
PENNSYLVANIA avenue southeast last night
and made off with enough arms and am
mutton to stock small arsenal.
The intruders selected Is Of the best
revolvers and automatics in stock. took
500 worth of German, Remington and
winchester ammunition for the weapons
and a number of holsters.
The robbery was discovered this
morning when Ignatius Settimor
Tamorra opened the shop for business.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
STORE BURGLARS TAKE IS GUNS
AND 500 WORTH OF AMMUNITION
Best Arms in Avenue Shop Taken by Thieves-Poice
Hunt for Fingerprnts.

Tamorra estimated the loss at $3.50.
Entrance was gained by removing q
glass from the rear door. The loot
consisted of three .38-caliber blue steel
revolvers, ten revolvers of smaller caliber
and miscellaneous makes, together with
two automatics. one OF German and
the other of Spanish make.
The robbers also stole $l4.50 in
change from the cash register. Head
quarters detectives and fifth precinct
police made careful search OF the
premises for fingerprints or other clues.
Several impressions were photographed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
Nurses Save 500 in Fire.

TOXIC. June (P,.-Five hundred
patients were transferred to safety by
nurses today when the Kanazawa Hos
pital was partly destroyed by fire. Two
f1remen were killed and two injured in
fighting the flames.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
JAPANESE SETS U. S. HOP

YOShlhara 20 Make NEW ALCeNIpL
at Ocean Flight June rs.
TOXIC, June (P).-The newspaper
Hochi Shimbun today announced Seiji
Yoshihara, japanese aviator, would re-
sumo his flight to America June Is
with a new plane. following the same
route he took in his recent attempt.
Yoshihara, flying under the auspices
of the newspaper, discontinued his in
itial attempt May IA after making a
forced landing in the Kurile Islands
and damaging his plane. AS before. he
will undertake the fight in short hops.
following the Kurile and Aleutian Is
land chains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
Dances 200 Hours.

BERLIN. June l LPl.-Alfredo Fern
ando claimed new nonstop dancing
record today at the end of 200 hours
in which he changed partners 1000
times He finished tbs grind Ia good
physical condition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
CUSTOMS FARLEY SET

Austro-German Pact to Go Before
Court July IS to 90.
GENEVA, June l (P).-A special
session of the world court for public
hearings on the proposed Austro-Ger-
man customs accord will be held be-
tween July Is and 20, word from the
Hague said today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
JURY GETS BANK CASE
Trial of Three Men Comes to Close
at Asheville, N. G.

ASHEVILLE, N. c., June (P).-The
cases of Wallace Davis, former presi-
dent OF the defunct Central Bank d.
Trust Co. here, and two former county
officials. charged with conspiring to use
county funds to aid the bank, were
given to the jury shortly after noon
today.
Judge M v. Barnhill devoted his
charge principally to outlining the
points of law involved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
BAN ON GUINAN STICKS

French Ministry Declares Decision
Remains Unchanged.
PARIS, June (P.-Officials of the
ministry of interior said today that the
decision barring Texas Guinan and her
troupe of showgirls from France re.
manned unchanged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
Yesterdays Advertising

Yesterdays edition of
The Sunday Star was SILL
greater than Sunday a year
ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01
Fair and Warmer

The weather tomorrow
promises good business in
the stores.
Local merchants are now
offering Summer merchan-
disc that is most unusual
in quality and price appeal.
Yesterdays Advertising
(Local Display
Lines.
The Sunday Star 70.544
I'd Newspaper =. 1898
Sd Newspaper :. 1897
Total S. Stasf $500
Stars excess, 1884
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

The Stars carrier system covers
every city block and the regular edi-
ton is delivered to Washington homes
as fast as the papers are printed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

Saturdays Circulation. 105,335
Sundays Circulation, 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

90. o. weather Bureau Forecast).
Partly cloudy and slightly cooler to-
night; tomorrow fair with rising tenn
perature.
pm. Yesterday; lowest, So, at am
today. Full report on page 8.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-01

Continued on Page S, Column So