davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
Hunger Marchers Must Keep On Marching

against the workers fatherland the Soviet
Union. war to empty their gutted ware
houses and open new markets for their whirling
machinery Another Ito end wars" another
blood bath" with workers furnishing the blood.
More empty sockets where eyes should be- more
empty sleeves where arms once hung. Free
DOM" imperialist freedom purchased at the
price Of MANNED bodies, freedom symbolized by
the demented howl Of shell shocked workers and
the dying groans of tens Of thousands on the
battlefields Senseless mutterings of degener-
ate medicine men, calling themselves Priests,
Preachers, Rabbs and Chaplins, thousands Of
meaningless crosses. All of this has been re-
hearsed throughout the ages and is again being
prepared. To stop it the marchers must keep
on marching, fighting against imperalist greed
and wars.
In the Soviet Union, 16o,O0oO0O workers who
have cast off their chains, also watched the
hunger march Millions Of workers in the Soviet
Union listened eagerly for news of the National
Hunger March OF their American comrades.
They continue to make greater and greater
strides in building socialism in completing the
five year plan. They are fighting for us, we
are fighting for them. Our struggle is q COM
mon struggle, our goal Is common goal. The
Hunger Marchers must keep marching,
marching and fighting for the international
Soviet, for the world wide freedom Of the work.
srs csasA
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16

There Is temporary drop IN the number OF
strikes, although there are sufficient reasons for
this Temporary Improvement of the economic
situation in South Manchuria which started only
in 1929, several enterprises going over to pay
ment of wages in Japanese currency or silver dol
lars, the raging white terror, etc., but never
theless, increasing forces are being drawn in
By studying the materials on the strike move
ment In South Manchuria we can ascertain that
the chemical, food and drink, mining and build
ing workers are particularly active in the strug-
gle. There strikes in which there are more
than 900 involved but most involve from 100
to 500 workers, chiefly in such centers as Inkow,
Dairen, Mukden.
Most Of the strikes we're for raising wages or
regulating same, and most Of them did not end
in the workers favor, while repressions we're
applied against the strikers, despite their reent-
less resistance to the employers and the strike
breakers. The struggle Of the strike committee
during the strike in the Japanese 'Da-an-yan"
tobacco factory in Mukden is particularly in
dicatve, the workers, under the leadership Of the
strike committee, defeating the strkebreakers by
force
THE CRISIS AND OCCUPATION.
South Manchurta, like the whole Of the capt.
talist world, has entered upon the third year of
the crisis The activities OF practically all enter
prises in this district have been restricted, I'M
employment increases, while foreign trade has
dropped by As per cent, the active balance has
fallen by 10 per cent, the receipts Of the South
Manchurian Railway have fallen by "a per cent,
while the stocks of beans have increased to 450,-
600 TONS and OF salt to 100000 tons, ie to SO per
: cent OF the YIELD building works are being re-
stricted, etc,
The armed occupation of Manchur1a by Jap
anese imperialism has still further intensified the
oppression OF the workers and toilers-"acci-
dental" murders OF Chinese workers, as during
the bcerhardment~ od the Mukdem axveual; the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16

Forced Labor

Let's see, was it not Matte Won and BIN
Green of the A. F. Of L. who have been snortiuss
lot about forced labor" in the Soviet UniouT
We think so. But here comes some clippings
from the Los Angeles Citizen" an A. f. Of l.
paper, reprinting circular letters of A. E OF L.
officials.
One, signed by F. c. Macdonald, General press
ident, and J.. j. Swanson, General Secretary
Treasurer of the State Building Trades Council
OF California, In part says:
Public officials are making arrangements 2os
work camps wherein nonresident unemployed
Worknen will be forced to work for their raeals.a
Another, signed by James B. Gallagher, Press
ident. and Tnos, Doyle, Secretary of the san
francisco Building Trades Council, affirns The
same by saying in part A.
Public officials are establishing work camps
where men will be forced to work without any
pay except q meager meal"
Are the A. F. of L. officials writing in protest
at this forced labor? Bless you soul of course
NOT! These extracts are from letters sent out
by them to stop workers coming to California
Far be- it from these supporters of the bosses
to protest against forced labor where it really
exists, Indeed, Macdonald attended q confer
ence Of mayors and other representative citi-
Hens at the Los Angeles City Hall on Nov. %,
at. which this forced labor scheme was proposed
and approved
No, indeed, the A. F. of Lis Mortified about
forced labor only where it don't exist-in ths
Soviet Union
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
The Labor Movement in Southern Manchuria

Wages are frequently not paid for months and
when they are paid 1t is in Chinese currency,
"finpao" and not in yens or silver dollars. For
any bad quality production, even if not caused
by the worker, the employers do their best to
lower wages or to impose fines. There is no in
crease in wages. Quite frequently new impositions
are introduced There is also compulsory SAY
ings" out of the miserable earnings OF the work
ers, and the employers knowingly cheat the
workers of part of their wages.
The workers know practically no rest days.
with the exception OF two or three holidays dur
ing the year On the state holidays they are COM
PEELED to work, getting paid as for ordinary days
They do not get any vacations not even for the
most essential visits to their home places. The
workers justly remark-"Once you're here, you
die here"
The treatment Of the workers is absolutely
brutal-the overseers, foremen and petty Off
Gals beat the workers, and no where can any
Justice be found
AL the burdens Of the workers are beyond
enumeration. The workers are colonial wage
slaves, brutally driven and exploited by impe-
ralism.
FIRST STEPS OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT
In the conditions OF unsurpassed exploitation
since the world war when the expansion of jap
anese imperialism in Manchuria, particularly
began, we see spontaneous and unorganized
strikes OF Chinese and japanese workers break
ing out for improved material conditions-wage
increases, reduced working hours, etc.
The banner Of struggle was first raised in
1el61917, and is still kept flying by the workers
in the railway shops of Shakako in Daireno and
by the miners in the Flushing mines.
The next wave of analogous strikes was to be
noticed in 1919-192o. These strikes involved a
wider circle OF participants and enterprses-the
railwaymen in Dairen, the tobacco workers in
Inkow, the miners in Penchin, ceramic workers
in Mukden, tramwaymen OF Fushan, etc. Despite
this all of the strikes were of local character,
and conducted exclusively in defense of the work
ers' economic interests. They were carried out
without any preparations, without any trade
union organizations existing, and in most cases
ended in defeat for the workers.
THE CHINESE WORKERS UNION
Was formed in December 1928, in the "Sha-
kako" railway shops in Dairen, numbering 300
men, and was called the Chung -Hua- Gun-syua-
hui The object of the organization was extreme
ly moderate mutual aid, and the maintenance
Of an evening school," Later on this union was
Joined by the workers of other factories and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16

military regime and ruthless treatment OF the
Chinese by the Japanese, etc. All this has COM
PEELED the Chinese to leave Manchuria by the
thousands. ~~--.- -,s,e
This is how the "Bintsyanshi- bao" describes
the economic situation OF Manchuria In ooniiec-
ton with the occupation: ,r,s.e4...yz
Economic life in Mukden has died ont. The
representatives of foreign firms have left. Some
enterprises, under the pressure Of the Japan
ese authorities, have opened up, but are not
carrying on any operations. Big speculation Is
going on in the currency and food markets.
The Mukden monetary unit, the 'Finpaor, Ii
accepted at a rate six times below the quoted
rate, established by the Japanese command.
Food prices have increased several times, while
the purchasing capacity Of the population has
fallen greatly"
All this has only tended to still further in
crease unemployment, poverty, and the stafva-
ton of the Manchurian toilers. The workers have
endeavored to show resistance to the unparalleled
who cast the entire burden OF the crisis ara
intervention onto their backs. The silk workers.
of Andung, numbering $4,000, went out on strike.
The Chinese workers in the Anshang iron ana
steel works, have declared strike which Il PAR
ticipated in by 1000 workers The results Of this
struggle are not yet known. 1t should be noted
that the organizational state OF the workers IL,
South Manchuria is still very weak
The order of the day contains the question of
organizing the workers of Manchuria into revo
lutionary trade unions. Only united In reyollJ-
tionary trade unions Only united in revolt.
tonary mass trade unions and under the lead
ership OF the Chinese Communist Party. will the
Workers q Manchuria triumph oysr suapsWaelisrcS
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
By BURCK.

workshops OF Kwangtung numbering 5000 men,
Gradually this union began to assume an in
creaSingly class character, and to become mass
organization 1t carried on agitation for the uni
fication OF the workers in the union, and for
the strike struggle against the employers, to i'm
prove the workers position free food and house
ing, double pay for Sundays and holidays, recog-
milton of the Workers Union, etc.. 1t was for
these demands and under the leadership OF the
union that the strike broke out in the Fuku-
sima weaving MILL near Dairen. Seven hundred
workers participated in the strike, which lasted
from the beginning of April to July Despite
suppression by the police, the union strength
ened, and strikes rapidly spread to many new
enterprises. In 1927 as many as $4,000 workers
participated in strikes, and several enterprises
were on strike for 30 days at time
The union set up connections with the Chinese
Communist Party, which undertook the leader
ship of the work of this uncn, which was pre-
pairing for the general strike of the Kwangtung
workers. This object however, was not carried
out. The Communists and leaders of the union
were arrested. The police staged the trial of the
socalled "Dairen Committee of the Communist
Party" in 1927. The union and other organiza-
tions of the workers were broken up, but they
were not hquidated, they went underground, and
continue to maintain connections with one an
other, though considerably weakened
Later, Postal Workers Union was formed,
and was officially broken up though, in many
districts Of Manchuria 1t continues to exist III
fact True, it is a Kuomintang organization, but
the rank and file is extremely anti-imperialist.
STRIKE MOVEMENT
The dynamics of the strike movement are
plainly demonstrated by the following official
figures (actually they are considerably higher,
given by the Japanese police:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

william Barron, Mr.. and Mrs. Edward
Hayes. Mr.. and Mrs. Courtney Lanham,
Mr.. and Mrs. Z. @. Tolliver, Mr.. and
Mrs. Jack Donahue, Mrs. Edna Bryant,
Mrs. Ethel Zeckabaum, Mrs. Grace
Barry, Mr.. Maurice Woodman, Mr..
Frank Minor. Mr.. Delmar Ketch Of
washington, D. c., and Mrs. Katherine
Davis OF Boston, Mass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, February 16.-Samuel r.
McKelvie, wheat member Of the Fed
eral Farm Board will retire from his
post with expiration of his term June
Is, he announced Saturday night. He
made the announcement while discuss
ing the projected retirement of Chair
man Alexander Legge next month.
McKelvie disclaimed any knowledge
of Legges plans, but said that when
he left the farmers would lose one OF
their most devoted friends.
When he took office, McKelvie said,
Legge did so at personal sacrifice and
on condition that he serve only a year.
McKelvie intends to return to his
own business affairs.
II said when I left the governorship
of Nebraska" he commented, that
was through with politics. 1 accepted
the Farm Board Office only because
1 did not consider it political job"
McKelvie said that even if ap-
preached, he would refuse to succeed
Legge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
GEN. HORTON NAMED

Secretary Stimson. 1t was announced
today. has appointed Brig. Gen. Will
liam E. Horton, former assistant quar-
termaster general of the Army, as spe-
cial assistant to c. BaScom Slemp. COM
missioner general Of the International
Colonial and Overseas Exposition. which
will be held in Paris this Summer.
A reproduction Of Mount Vernon will
house the American exhibit, and this
structure is now being constructed
Gen. Horton, who Is a connoisSeur OF
rare prints, paintings and furniture, is
to serve in an advisory capacity in re-
producing the interior of George Wash
ingtons old home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
ENVOY CALLS CUBA
/: MAINE MEMORIAL
Speeches Made at Fort Myer
on 33d Anniversary of
Ships Sinking.

Speaking at Fort Mver yesterday on
the occasion OF the thirty-third ami
versary of the sinking of the battleship
Maine, which preceded the Spanish
American War, the Cuban Ambassador,
Senior Orestes Ferrera, said that while
a monument of stone and granite had
been erected to the memory of the 266
men who lost their lives in the disaster.
''the eternal monument of those who
died 80 years ago today is Cuba"
Wreath Decorations Laid.
The exercises. held in the riding hall
at the military reservation, featured
also addresses by Judge Edward S. Ma
this, commander in chief of the United
Spanish War Veterans and Senator
Smith W. Brookhart of Iowa. A little
earlier, simple ceremonies had been held
before the Maine shaft in Arlington Ma
kional Cemetery by the Ladies Auxiliary
of the Spanish War Veterans, where
the memorial shaft was decorated with
wreaths, including one from President
Hoover, laid by Lieut.. H. B. Hudson,
White House naval aide. wreath
from the Cuban embassy was laid by
/. Jose A Sera, one of the attaches.
John Lewis Smith past commander
In chief of the veterans, was master OF
ceremonies at the Fort Myer exercises.
The program also included selections
by the Marine Band ana vocal numbers
by Mrs Flora McGill Keefer and Miss
jeanette McCaffrey. call to order was
made by Benjamin F. Motley, depart
ment commander Of the veterans; bene-
dicition by Samuel G. Mawson, depart
ment chaplain, and invocation by Chap
lain Ralph c. Riebert Of the Army. De-
tachments of soldiers, sailors and ma
rines stood at duty throughout the
exercises.
Result Of War Cited.
After asserting that Spanish oppres-
sion Of Cuba and not the sinking of the
Maine was the actual cause of the war,
Judge Mathis said:
To-day we greet Cuba as a sister re-
public in whose continued welfare and
prosperity America shall ever maintain
the most active and friendly interest"
Senator Brookhart, a veteran of the
Spanish American War, described the
war as driving the "last king from the
American continent" and said 1t was a
forerunner Of "the greatest act Of Wood
row Wilson, when from the White House.
in chief command of an American Army,
he drove the Kaiser from his throne for
the freedom Of Germany and the democ-
racy Of the world"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
NATHAN POVICH, RETIRED
MERCHANT, DIES HERE
Bath, Me-, Resident Came to Capt.
tai Several Weeks Ago-Widow,
Nine Children Survive.

Stricken with heart attack, Nathan
Povich, a retired merchant, died early
yesterday at the home of his son, Shir-
ley Poyich, sports editor Of the Wash
ington Post, at 1908 Ashmead place.
Mr. Povich was born in Bar Harbor,
Me, ga years ago. Accompanied by his
wife and daughter, he came to Wash
ington several weeks ago from Bath
Me, where he had been living for many
years.
Members of the family accompanied
the body back to Bath, where funeral
services will be held today.
Besides his widow, Mrs. Rose Povich,
he is survived by five sons, Abraham,
Shirley, Bernard. all Of Washington,
and Nathan and Jay Of Bath: four
daughter, Misses Eva and Dorice Povich
of Bath, Miss Goldie Povich of Boston
and Miss Celia Povich of Portland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
HULL WOULD FIGHT
G. 0. P. ON TARIFF
Tennessee Senator Elect
Puts Issue Forward on Eve
of Party Farley.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
Peeping above the Democratic hori-
ION today were the tariff and CONNER
cial policy, put forward by one of the
party stalwarts as the issue which
should come first in the next two years.
Corden Hull of Tennessee, member
of Congress, Senator elect. once chair
man of the Democratic National Com
mittee and a presidential candidate at
Houston in 1923, was the one who
urged the party to take a stand clearly
away from the Republican economic
philosophy and in favor of gradual
downward revision of duties to com
petitive" level.
High tariff walls here and every
where have constituted the greatest
single underlying cause of the present
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

world economic collapse" he set forth
yesterday in q statement.
There must be more than mere
hair-splitting difference between the
two political parties on tariff and
economic policy" he continued. 1.-THE
Republican economic philosophy Is
stepped In the most aggravated forms
of special privilege or governmental
favoritism."
Hulls call for advocacy Of mod
ernized" policy came just q short time
before the Democratic National Com
mittee is TO meet here In Washington.
Chairman Raskob recently called
session for March 8, the day after
Congress adjourns. He specified as
purposes the study OF q plan for finan-
cial rehabilitation of the party's ma
chinery. a review OF the past two years
activities and adoption OF a program
looking forward to the 1882 elections
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
SOCIETY
Continued From Third Page.)

o'clock at Stoneleigh Court, when Q
group of young people from the Chill
dren of the Revolution will furnish the
entertainment. Special features of
music, readings and songs by Miss
Maxwell Galloway, Miss Adelaide Beard
and Miss Mary Junkin Of the Governor
Thomas Wells Society and George Cook,
Mary Denham. Dorothy Whittlesey,
Rose Mary Endicott and Clayton Doing
OF the junior division, the Harriet Lo-
throp Society, will be presented by Mrs.
Clayton p. Emig, honorary president OF
both societies. These c. A. r. societies
are sponsored by Constitution Chapter
and those taking part on the program
are children or grandchildren of the
members OF the chapter.
Miss Muskat, psychologist Of the
Washington Child Guidance Clinic, en-
tertained at a tea Saturday afternoon
at the Dodge Hotel in honor of Mrs.
Madison Bentley. wife Of DR.. Madison
Bentley, head Of the psychology de-
partment of Cornell University. DR..
and Mrs Bentley are Wintering in
Washington. DR.. Bentley being on leave
of absence from the university.
A series Of lectures analysing life in
the "jazz age" will be continued We'd
nesday morning at the Willard Hotel.
DR.. Louis K. Anspacher will present
the address, Man and Himself" Mrs.
Robert Whitney Imbrie will have as her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
$50 BIBLES DONATED
Gideons Place Volumes in Nine
Washington Hotels.

More than $50 Bibles were distributed
among Washington hotels yesterday by
the Gideons. Hotels receiving the vol
umes included the Willard, Harrington,
Ambassador, Hamilton, Lee House,
Metropolitan, Burlington, Harris and
Whitelaw.
The copies were dedicated at a meet
ing of the donors in the Washington
Hotel. The influence of the Bible was
described by Charles H. thunderstorm
Of Baltimore president of the National
Federation of Mems Bible Glasses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
USE OF JAMAICA GINGER
AS BEVERAGE is RAPED
Health Service Holds Adulteratior
in Extract Cause of Paralysis
Attacking "Drinker."

The United States Public Health
Service today issued warning to the
public to avoid the use of Jamaica
ginger extract as a beverage.
The health service recalled its state
ment of several months ago that the
cause of Jamaica ginger paralysis had
been found the result of an adultera-
ton in the manufacture Of the extract.
and said:
1T is not yet determined whether
recent cases of the paralysis are the re-
suit of the use of some of the older
preparation. which caused the cases last
Spring, and which is still on the
shelves, or whether it is new product
which is being marketed by unscrupu-
lous manufacturers
No cases of poisoning have been re-
ported in connection with the use of
any other ginger products or prepare
tons, the health service added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16
Cretonne Covers
Special $3.50

Slip covers Of beautiful new cretonne
in q wide selection of patterns. 50
yards, single width, allowance.
DRAPERHs, SEVENTH FLOOR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

guests Mrs. Owen Roberts, wife Of Jus
tice Roberts: Mrs. Tasker Oddie, Mrs
Morris Sheppard, Mrs. Charles Deneen
and Mrs. Frank j. Leosch.
Miss Vera Bloom, Miss Bina Day
Deneen, Miss Dorothea Lane, Miss
Elizabeth Rogers Roberts, Miss Olivia
e. Phelps Stokes, Miss Helen Strauss
and Miss Mary Parrish Bradley will act
as ushers.
The Washington Chapter Of the Uni
versity Guild, which was tnauRurated
with dinner last Friday evening at
the Carlton Hotel, will hold their first
meeting tomorrow evening at 8 O'Clock
at the Carlton.
Oficers OF the chapter, who were
elected at the dinner. are: DR.. Flor
ence Everhart, president: Miss Edith
Meter, vice president; Miss Ann Sparks,
secretary, and Miss Bern Berard, treas
urer.
Prof. CORTLAND D. Baker Of George
Washington University will direct the
programs.
Miss Carolyn Pride and Miss Eliza
beth Collier arrived Friday from Sweet
Briar College. Sweet Briar, Va, and
were week end guests at the Dodge
Hotel
Mr.. and Mrs. John Donahue enter
tanned a group Of friends at their home,
1855 Ives place southeast, Saturday
evening, celebrating the birthday ami
versary Of Mr.. Donahue. The evening
was spent at bridge and Backgammon
and refreshments were served at table
beautifully decorated in red, white and
blue.
Among guests were Mr.. and Mrs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

A new device recently patented for
the purpose of economizing the con-
sumption of gas on automobile and air.
plane has the additional advantage that
1t also reduces the deadly discharge to
such an extent that the danger OF as
phyxiation under any circumstances Is
almost entirely removed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-16

Mr.. and Mrs Edwin A. Lucas have
motored TO Washington from their
home at Rose Valley, Pa, and are stop
ping at the Carlton.
The Washington times., 1931-06-18
F|RE-F|GHTERS
To Be SHIFTED

A shake-up in the personnel of
the Fire Department on July l
when reorganization plans of the
department go into effect, was
intimated today by Fire Chief
George S. Watson.
Examinations for the higher
posts were conducted yesterday
by the Civil Service Commission.
Chief Watson said he had been
assured that results of the eXami-
nations would be announced be-
fore July i. He said:
"There are two vacant cap
taincies to be filled. This
means that there mast be step
ups also among the IieutenantS,
Sergeants and privates. Natur-
ally there will be a shifting
and a number of transfers so
that each officer will be placed
in a position where he will be
of the most service"
Two vacancies occurred a few
days ago when Capts. John r.
Goves, of No. l Rescue Squad,
and l.. l.. Woolard, of No. 2 En-
gine Company, were promoted to
battalion chiefs.