The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-21
TREATY OF 1922
is HELD KEY TO
CHINA CONFLICT
Gives Dawes ConCiIiatory
Authority Lacking in
KELLOGG Pact.
BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS
Soripps-Howard Foreign Editor

- NAALAfhAA
soripps-Howard Foreign Editor
WASHINGTON, Nov. 21.-while
the great powers are milling about
apparently vastly puzzled over a
ways and means to cooperate to
head off the Chinese-Japanese war
in Manchuria, gathering dust in
the archives Of the state depart
ment here is a key to the whole
thing.
THE treaty on Chinese integrity"
is the official title of a document
formally signed and sealed here in
February, 1922, its avowed object
being to prevent any of the sigma
tories from doing precisely what
Japan now Is doing to China.
The popular name for the treaty
is the nine-power pact. It was
signed by United States, Japan,
Great Britain, France, Italy, Bel
GUM, Holland and Portugal, in adj
dition to China.
Presented at the sixth plenary ses-
sion OF the Washington conference
OF 1922 by Charles Evans Hughes.
then secretary Of state. now chief
justice Of the United States, 1t was
based on an original resolution pre-
pared by Elihu Root, a former sec
rotary Of state.
Gave China Guarantees
It's purpose being to help China
get on her feet, it begins like this:
Desiring to adopt a policy de-
signed to stabilize conditions in the
far east, to safeguard the rights
and interests of China, and to pro-
mote intercourse between China
and the other powers upon the basis
Of equality of opportunity :. the
contracting powers, other than
China agree:
l. To respect the sovereignty, the
independence. and the territorial
and administrative integrity of
China.
2. To provide the fullest and most
unembarrassed opportunity to
China to develop and maintain for
herself an effective and stable gov
eminent.
3. To use their influence for the
purpose Of effectually establishing
and maintaining the principle of
equality Of opportunity for the
commerce and industry Of all ma
tons throughout the territory of
China.
4. To refrain from taking adj
vantage of conditions in China in
order to seek special rights or privi-
leges which would abridge the rights
of subjects or citizens of friendly
states, and from countenancing &C
ton inimical to the security of such
states"
Opportunity for Dawes
Such is the text of Article 1, the
heart of the treaty. There are nine
articles in all, mostly by way of
further Qualification of the forego-
ing. Article 7, however, tells what
is to be done in case of trouble. 1t
reads
1.-THE contracting powers agree
that, whenever a situation arises
which, in the opinion of any one
of them, involves the application of
the stipulations of the present
treaty, and renders desirable dis
cussion of such application, there
shall be full and frank communi-
cation between the contracting
powers concerned"
If Ambassador Dawes feels that
his presence at the meetings Of
the council would not only be in
appropriate, but might embarrasS
the efforts of the council" a full
quorum of the above nine power
treaty membmership today is within
ten-minute taxicab ride from
General Dawes Paris hotel.
Clause Lacking in New Pact
The Kellogg pact, signed
in Paris Aug. q, 1928, unlike the
nine power treaty, contains no
consultative" clause. Article l of
the pact of Paris reads:
The high contracting parties
solemnly declare in the names of
their respective peoples that they
condemn recourse to war for the
solution of international contro-
versfes, and renounce it as an in
strument of national policy in their
relations with one another"
Practically every nation on earth
now has signed the above pledge
Japan being one of the original
signers in the Hall of the Clock of
tsSe Quay d Orsay, the French for
eign office where, oddly enough. the
league council now is sitting.