davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-07-06

ehandlSlng an aVerage-prlCeQ mO-
Tor vehicle. This represents about
~ weeks work in the industry.
Factory and Field
Last year there were 574.124
employees in motor vehicle fac
tories, and in making original
equipment, parts and accessories
and tires. This estimate does
not include the men who made
replacement parts and tires.
Divided into 3.510,178. the 1880
motor vehicle production total,
this represents 40 days of work
per man, or 40 man-days of work
per motor vehicle.
Approximately 10000 were en-
ployed to gather and prepare and
transport raw materials for last
years motor vehicle production.
This included miners, lumber
workers, cotton and rubber plan
tation workers, fabric mill hands,
machinists and other employees in
machine tool plants. chemical,
glass. steel and metal plants, ETC.,
and employees of railroad and
shipping lines.
This. in turn. represents nine
man-days of work per motor We
hicle for the year.
$4,000 in Merchandising
In the merchandising field of
the industry, each motor vehicle
sale represented about % man
days of work. This was diStrib-
uted in dealer establishments, fl
nance and insurance agencies,
banks, advertising and other mer-
chandiSing service prorated to the
sale Of new motor vehicles. About
$4,000 were thus employed in
1880.
The average" motor vehicle
and the average man-day" are
both Pigments of statistical neces-
Sity in determining the amount
OF buying power released every
time a new car is sold.
The vehicle is neither car nor
q truck but represents the average
amount of labor required to pro-
huce it, and is priced at the aver
age Of all motor vehicles sold last
gear in the United States.
Days of work in seasonal indus
tries have been weighed by Ma
tional Industrial Conference Board
data.
Sources OF Data
The "man-day" represents few
minutes of work by thousands of
men and women throughout the
world, most of whom, however,
are employed in this country.
The data from which these COM
putations were made are the most
competent available. They were
taken from the Chiffon Trade
list, statistical issue of Automotive
Industries and Facts and Figures
Of the Automobile Industry"
recently published by the Ma
tional Automobile Chamber of
Comerce, and Government fig
ures.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
CadiUac-LG Sale
ShiDn1entS HigheT

Cadillac-La Sale shipments in
June totaled 1,409 units, an in
crease of 80 per cent over June,
1880.
Total shipments for the first six
months of 1881 amounted to TO-
98l CadillacS and La SALES, an
increase of 9 per cent over the
first 1880 half.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
BATTERY PRICES CUT

The Electric Storage Battery
Co., Philadelphia. has reduced the
prices of it's two lowest priced bat
teries used for autemotive pur-
poses. No change has been made
in the better grade batteries for
automotive purposes or in other
types of battery.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
1000 COLOred Boys
Will Attend CumD

A joint summer camp for col
ored boys, under the supervision
of the Twelfth Street Branch Y.
M. c. A. and the Boy Scouts of
the District. opened today at
Dares Beach, Calvert county, Md,
and will continue through Aug
ust 2.
About 1000 youths are expected
to attend the camping season
which has been divided into two
periods, the first closing on
July 10. -.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
Title Co. Approves
Loans of S.3.:3O3.4OO

New York Title and Mortgage
Company, at the weekly meeting
of it's loan committee, approved
l25 loans aggregating $3.303, 400.
The loans were distributed as
follows:
Manhattan and Bronx. $685.
900; Brooklyn, $1,825, $50; Long
Isl a d, $579.150; Westchester,
$214,500, and Staten Island, $35,.
500.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
GOODYEAR DIVIDEND

Preferred and common divi-
dendS of Goodyear Tire and Rub
Der Company have been covered
for the full year with earnings of
the first six months, C. H. Car
lisle, president and general man
ager, said in a letter to stockhold-
erS, Il
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
Columbia System
Extends NetLUOrk

The Columbia Broadcasting Sys-
tenn has applied to the Federal
Radio Commission for authority
to build four short-wave transmit
ters to feed special features to the
network, it was announced at the
company's offices today.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
A. e p. Stores Tilt
CiqGrette Prices

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea
Co, advanced cigarette prices to-
day.
New prices are ID cents a
package, or two packages for 27
cents,
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
Macy Store Cuts
Rate to 3 Per Cent

R. H. Macy & Co., Inc, will re-
duce interest rates paid on de-
posit accounts on August 1, from
312 to 3 per cent on monthly bal
ances of $25 or more.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
Stock Transfer Tax
STAMP Sales HiqheT

New York State agents for sale
Of stock transfer tax stamps re-
port sales in June totaled $685.
1877. as compared with 81 1,4S3,64
in May and $2,690,726 in June.
1880.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
JOINS COTTON EXCHANGE

Edmund w. Montgomery, of E.
w. Montgomery Company, of
Greenville. S. c.. has been elected
to membership in the New York
Exchange. .
The Washington times., 1931-07-06

July 5-26 DAYS LEFT TO FILE
YOUR PERSONAL TAX RETURN.
Shares Of stock in local building
associations are not taxable and
should not be included in returns.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
CHEEKY News
Told Today

Prices of Commodities Go
Up.
Drop in Failures Is Shown.
Goodyear Earns Dividend.
Power Reserve Is Still
Vast.
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
nanciaI News Stocks Bonds Commodities and CONNER
New York Bond Market

Fractions represent J2RdS
IOI ] means IOI I-Jz
The Washington times., 1931-07-06

ehandising an average priced mo-
tor vehicle. This represents about
~ weeks work in the industry.
Eookory and Field
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
Join the
10000
Stockholders

who have laid their foun-
dation for future security
through the purchase Of
Hearst Class A 10 shares.
Mr.. Hearst, in his annual
message to stockholders,
said:
"We have been and are de-
termined to keep this Sc
curity out of the class Of
speculative stock invest
ments. We have seen mil.
lions of people in the
United Etates engulfed by
speculation in stocks which
have been made the play
things of gamblers. The at
traction offered our en-
ployes and the public in
this issue of Class A shares
of Hearst Consolidated
Publications. Inc, is not
speculative value, but abb
solute safety"
The Washington times., 1931-07-06
High Low ! La st

Mont Tram Ist ref 5si1OOa IlOOss llOOH
Nor & Co 1st st 4ths. 71hI II IL
n Eno n a r 1st Is iii III Hi
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
Mr.. Hoover Swings West

NMulllCdUOlLS4 Jul
BY design or not, Mr.. Hoovers itinerary does take him
this week into territory where the citadelS of Republican,
ism are reported in a bad state of ~disrepair. The thought
must at least have crossed his mind, as he set out for
Indiana. Ohio and Illinois, that these were among the
party StronghOldS of 1928 most disposed to crack ana
crumble under the mid-term gatherings of November,
1880. Thus Indiana, which gave Mr.. Hoover a margin
Of very nearly 800 900 votes in 1928, was found two years
later replacing six Republican representatives IN congress
with Democrats. Illinois will present to the president
the enigma of a state which could go Hoover by ap-
proximately 100000 votes in 1928, and which could elect
the Democratic j. Ham Lewis senator in 1880 by 745,OOO
votes. AS for Ohio, Mr.. Hoover can hardly recall the
handsome margin Of nearly 100000 votes accorded him
time, that two years later the state discarded a Repub-
lcan senator and a Republican governor and replaced
them with Democrats by pluralities running from no.
600 to 175,0OO.
It is probably no inaccuracy to say, then. that the
presidents swing through these states is In a sense an
exploratory swing. BY no stretch Of the Imagination Is
Mr.. Hoover invading enemy territory, but ne Is at least
entering territory which the Democrats have been LED 10
ranks. is by no means impossible Of capture. If the
president ponders the significance of those OBJECTIONS
on his tour west, or If he keeps an ear close to the
ground to detect the faintest r~umblings of sentiment, II
term political upheaval in these states Is known, the
significance of that upheaval remains a trlfle blurred
and indistinct. We only know that local considerations
Which had little or nothing to do with Mr.. Hoover played
their part in it, and that the economic situation and the
discomfort it engendered must have lain close to the
roots of the revolt.
Be that as it may, the president can hardly return TO
Washington without having sensed something OF tne
nature and extent Of the rebellion which Is supposed 70
be brooding over the states he visits. What MI. Hoover
learns Of the middle west on this tour, and what the mid
die west learns Of MI. Hoover, could easily help to shape
the political destinies Of the nation q year hence. For
that reason the tour is apt to be interpreted. and Ger
tainly not without some justification. In terms OF 1881.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
TO-DAY IS THEA
IL gEA


On June II. 1917, the Russian
Duma, in secret session. voted in IA
o OF "an immediate offensive In
close cooperation with Russia's allies"
The offensive began on July l and
its initial success was encouraging.
It seemed as though the miracle %
the restoration of the Russian army
had been achieved. Here" as John
Spargo said, "Was an army whose
dead and wounded already amounted
to more than 100000 men, an army
which had suffered incredible hard
ships. again going into battle with
songs.
"On the first of July more than
$4,000 prisoners were taken by the
Russians or the southwestern front.
Then came the tragic harvest of Boil
shevist propaganda. Regiment after
regiment refused to obey Or
ders. Officers were brutally muir
dered by their men. Along q
front of more than $50 miles the
Russians retreated without attempt
ing to fight, while the enemy steadily
advanced. This was made possible by
the agitation of the Bolsheviki, espe-
cially by the mutiny they provoked
among the troops in the garrison at
Petrograd."
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
Daily Health Service
Greater Efficiency Reduces Expense of
Care in Hospital
Modern Building Provides Privacy Even in Wards,
Once Stunned by Middle Class

Cleaning in the hospital demands a
considerable number of employees. If
corners are rounded off, if radiators
are properly recessed and if the
building is equipped with the clean
ing question in mind, a much smaller
number of ward maids and orderlies
can be used than in institutions in
which this point has not been kept in
mind.
Modern hospitals are being con-
Structed more and more with the idea
Of reducing the number of workers
and in this way distributing the cost.
Patients used to be sensitive on the
subject of wards in hospitals. People
of the middle class who were not ex-
tremely free with their funds felt
that in times of illness they had to
make an extra effort in order to
have a private room in the hospital.
In modern hospitals, arrangements
are being made to care for two, three,
or four patients in a room especially
adapted for the purpose with sliding
screens so that almost a maximum of
privacy is furnished at a minimum
Of expense.
Large wards, containing from 10 to
20 beds, are now found only in charity
hospitals, and even here there is a
tendency to build the hospital in such
a manner as to provide some privacy.
When four patients occupy one small
ward, they are able to save on the
cost of nursing and on the other costs
associated with hospital care.
Next: The Cost Of medical treat
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
Survival of the Fittest

Recently The Tribune had something to say about the
problems of the railroads.&c. more immediate problem
of making both ends meet by adjustment of rates, wages,
taxes, interest, etc.
The bigger problem of readjustment Of the railroads
through consultations was not touched upon. COMPETE
ton of many forms of transportation, undreaned CT when
the steam car was taking business away from the steam
boat and building it's tracks along the great waterways of
the nation, complicate rail operation today. The slow
moving side-Wheeler and crawling tug got very little
sympathy in those days. Everyone was for the faster
and more efficient iron horse which made the route in
hours that took days and weeks on the river %freighter.
But that competition with the steamboat has resulted
today in a tangle Of rail systems which, in some degree,
Is responsible too for the present financial complica-
tions. River competition eliminated, there followed COM
petition between the carriers. Great systems raced to
reach seaboard or the great freight producing centers.
Competition with the steamboat was a dead issue ex-
cept as the potential river route kept freight rates
down in the vicinity of such competition.
After the steamboat, tug and inland canal ceased to
menace the railroads, materially, came vigorous COM
petition between the railroads themselves. Millions were
poured into railroads and vast regions opened up. Some
were great revenue producers and others proved a disap-
pointment to the promoters.
There was talk of consultations and mergers to pro-
tect earnings, but then states and federal authorities
fought them vigorously. One has only to recall the days
of the famous Hill-Harriman contest over the Northern
Securities combine. Hill lost in his merger in the early
years Of 1900 and today rail executives are begging
for this same kind of protection.
One writer on transportation declares that the slogan
today is consolidate, Straighten Out, or Die
Excessive competition has produced a system of rail-
roads which, in view of the industrial situation Of 1881,
is hard to operate at a profit. Several important mergers
and consultations have gone into effect already. More
must follow.
Economies of operation, # depleted revenues continue,
must follow and doubtless a realignment of all railroads
will bring about increased revenues faster than increased
rates. That process, however, is slow. Public opinion
and governmental policy have opposed many necessary
mergers and consultations. 1t is not going 20 be an
easy process to unscramble the transportation system
built in a time when the whole industrial structure was
so different from what it is today.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17

street. When built, the "avenoo" was
merely a country road and here it
va that Henry van Dyke became one
of the great pastors of America. Its
architecture is unique because the
builders tried to mix the new brown
stone" front vogue Of the eighties
with the old tradition of red brick
churches.
The elaborate show spots" in the
Manhattan church world are, of
course, st. John the Divine Cathedral
which, if and when completed, will
cost SIS, 600, 900, and the famous st.
Patrick'S, On "the avenoo."
There are skyscraper churches and
churches that blazon electric crosses,
and there are tens of thousands of
devout churchgoers who know little or
nothing about the night life of the
city-know less, in fact, than millions
of outsiders who have read about it,
at least.
GILBERT SWAN.
Copyright, 1881, NEA Service. Inc.)
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor, Journal of the American
K-u -----~

GulSUAS JVu 4AuA VI Vic <1IA1CA 1CQkx
Medical Association
The people of the United States
are not the only ones who are con-
cerned with the gradual increase in
the cost of medical care and p~articu-
larly with the cost of hospital care.
The problem is concerning the whole
world.
The development of hospitals, of
specialtieS in medicine, of numerous
advances in medical science both for
diagnosis and treatment, and above
all the necessity for two or three
workers for each individual worker
who vas formerly employed explain
a large part of the increased cost.
Recently, DR.. M. Setz has analysed
the reasons for the increase in the
cost of hospital care in Germany. He
says that the principal sources of x
penditure in a large hospital are the
catering, medical treatment, nursing,
administration and the maintaining
of special departments.
Thus the hospital that is able to
buy food in large quantities and store
it can cater more cheaply than one
which has not adequate storeroom
facilities. Modern electric devices in
the kitchen enable the hospital to
operate with many less employees than
are necessary when the dish washing,
vegetable slicing, and similar proce-
dures must be done by hand.
The cost of nursing is being re-
duced by group nursing and by SINH
lar plans for dividing the service Of
one nurse among several patients.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
IN
NEW
YORK
@9!a Gilbert Swan

New York, June 1.-THE religious
life OF New York is one of it's least
known aspects. In fact, it seems to
me I hear q smoker from somewhere
at the very mention of the idea.
Yet nearly 10000 people go to
church each Sunday in Manhattan,
and only a small percentage of these
are visitors. There are some 600
churches m New York City and twice
that many in Greater New York. Sew
eral Of these are among the city'S out
standing landmarks.
In Fifth Avenue most of the
churches keep open during the busy
shopping hours and bear signs invit-
ing the tired and weary ones to drop
in for "a moment of prayer" And
you'd be surprised how many in the
hectic throng find solace and renewed
hope thereby. Hundreds of noon reli-
giouS meetings r held for business
men, workers and shoppers. The
bishop of Wall Street" has become
one of the eity's most famous figures.
In lower Fifth Avenue, a pulpit
opens out of a doorway and almost
every day noon sermons are delivered
to street throngs.
Neighborhood sections have scores
Of churches about which the social
life OF the district swings, just as in
thousands of small communities over
the land. Ice cream socials are held
in summer; Aunt Hattie brings a pie
and some potato salad and the chill
dren are amused by various games.
Much neighborhood welfare work
quietly goes on from such church Or
CARNATIONS, through social centers
are scattered throughout the tene-
ment belt.
Furthermore, it's possible to find
almost every belief under the sun
representation voodoo fanatics in
Harlem Easements. to mystical cults
in the Sixties and Seventies, to Orien-
tai temples and hallelujah missions
down in the Bowery.
Broadway has several actors"
churches, of which st. Malachi's
is perhaps the best known. The Little
Church Around the Corner has. of
course, quite a following among thea
trical folk, since its liberal attitude
toward the stage dates back to the
days Of Joseph jefferson. An actor
friend Of Jefferson having died. the
historic Joe went to a certain fash
ionable church to arrange for a fun
eral. He vas told that no service for
an actor person" could be held there.
jefferson, greatly hurt by this recep-
ton, inquired how he might bury his
friend.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17

well, YOU might try that little
church around the corner" he was
told. Which, by the way, is how one
of the most famous churches in
America got its name, in case you
didn't already know.
X X y
All Saints Episcopal, in Henry
street, was selected by Edward, of
England, who visited America as
Prince of Wales many years ago. The
Wales crest adorns a balcony and,
since it dates back to 1927, the last
slave gallery" to be found in New
York may be een there.
The oldest building remaining in
New York is a church-St. Pauls on
lower Broadway, with it's historic
gravestoncs. Trinity, just down the
street, was built prior to st. Paul's
but has had to be rebuilt a couple of
times since then.
The pioneer of Fifth Avenue is the
Brick Presbyterian church, at 37th
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
BARBS

Brazil is dumping tons of coffee
into the Atlantic ocean. Mixing their
drinks, as it were.
Ships are reported making fewer
calls at the Virgin Islands. Perhaps
it is now an export.
X X X
The boa constructor, it is sad, can
digest a golf ball. Next time you miss
one, look for the snake in the grass.
X X X
1t behooves the golfer to keep his
eye on the ball lest he get a ball in
the eye.
One good feature about Eirstein's
new book, Systematic Research of
the Compatible Field Equation Con-
sistent with Riemann's Theory of
Distant Parallels" is that it is un-
likely to be made into e. movie
scenario.
A Washington preacher talked for
IL hours, illustrating the malicious
influence of close proximity to Con.
greSS.
copyright, 1881, NEA Service. 1nc.)
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-17
Quotations

Many q devoted father is nothing
more than a banknote to his sons and
daughters.-George w. Wickersham.
4 y y
In politics there are three kinds of
Speakers-a statesman, an orator and
a windbag.-George Bernard Shaw.
X X X
Preparation for war is a step to-
ward WARREN. James Macleod.
X X X
1t Is not always easy to say when yes.
terday left Oft, when today began. MOI
yet when the two will merge into our
tomorrows.-Henry Ford.
X X \
Wars have never been made by SOL
diers in this country: they have been
stopped by them.-Major General
Smedley D. Butler.