davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
Demonstration of
Working-class
Solidarity

break out. And it did. One after an
other the delegates rise. First De-
troit, then Boston, Minnesota, Cleve-
land, Chicago, New York, Toledo,
Grand Rapids, etc. Five tents! Eight
tentsl Ten! Faces are attained, eyes
sparkle. From every corner in the
hall eager voices pledged a number
of tents the money for which would
be sent by wire. Over 40 tents are
assured. They will be used for the
other evicted.
There is strength in that sponta-
neous mass answer. There is a sense
of victory over the hideous enemy.
The miner with the thin face is still
on the platform. His eyes are burn
ing. He is overwhelmed by the splen-
did proletarian response. He shouts
in choked voice:
"Men, this strike amt started
yeti"
There was an oHninous pathos in these
simple words. The conference was
struck. A thunder of applause came
from the benches.
The miner from Kinloch summed
up the situation in his elemental way
And not only for his camp among the
hills of western Pennsylvania. This is
the state of mind of all the Kinlochs
in all the coal sections. 1t was re-
peated by dozens of miners dele
gates, by their woman and children;
"Give us tents and meal day
and we will fight it out to the fin
ish!"
The miners are suffering privation
Some of them cannot continue the
struggle without tents and meal
day. But they are not down. They
are waiting for the next opportun'
ity They understand the tactics o.
their union. They know they arr
not alone. The situation of some O.
them 81 so terrible that even while
working, they are sending their chill
dren to the nearest soup-kitchen es
tablished by our relief. The con
ference heard many reports of thi
kind.
Harlan, Kentucky, is hell for tn,
miners. The most vicious terror i
raging against the strikers. The Gf
of miner is practically that of al
outlaw in the kingdom of the Insuls
Melons, and Sackets.. But the Ma
tional Miners Union is making rapit
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
BY MALACHI EPSTEIN

PITTSBURGH.-Th hall at Dos
James st. is crowded. Men and wo-
men, white and black, turn their at
tentive faces toward the platform.
Worn-out clothes and calloused hands
show their social composition. Big
red streamers hung around the walls
tell why they all came here. 1t Is
the national solidarity conference OF
the Workers International Relief.
AS usual, the conference is far be-
yond the expectations of those re-
sponsible for calling it. In the short
time since the call was issued no
mass preparations were possible, al
though the national office did good
work to arouse sentiment for the con-
ference.
The presence of 367 delegates from
IS states and 1O2 cities, among them
165 miners from practically all the
coal fields, is an indication of the
tremendous upsurge of nlilitancy and
class solidarity among the workers.
Two or three years ago such gath
ering could not be possible.
The same hall housed another ma
tional conference seven weeks ago. 1t
was the voice of the coal miners.
Eight hundred of their representa-
tives mapped out a plan OF struggle
and perfected the instrument to lead
the struggle. They met in the midst
ola bitter, bloody strike. Today the
voice of the fighting miners Is heard
again. A picture Of untold suffer
ings but of an unbroken spirit was
revealed by their delegates. A hush
fell over the entire assembly listen
ing to tales of starvation, of terror
and oppression, and of the readiness
to continue the fight, if only relief
Just the barest necessities would come
forth.
No high-f1own phrases, no orator.
cal heroics were necessary to warm
up the conference. 1t was charged
with the spirit of working class soil
darity. 1t was like the touch of an
electric wire. The response was i'm
mediate.
On the platform is standing a mid
die sized, middle aged miner, his fact
emasculated, his body thin but wiry
The words come out of his mouth
brief and with a metallic ring:
eve are from Kinloch; "a fami-
lies are to be evicted by Tuesday.
We must have tents. Give us tents
and one meal day and we will
fight to a finish"
The atmosphere in the hall i
tense as before storm. Soon it vii
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
Labor" Day AS Workers
Solidarity Day

Labor Day by the Workers Interna-
tional Relief for solidarity demon
strations is very good one. Never
in the history of the class struggles
in America has there been more need
for working class solidarity than at
the present time. Never have the
forces of oppression and exploitation
borne down so heavily upon the
working class. Never have the eff
forts been greater to keep the work.
ing class divided into races, nation
alities, and even sexes, in order to
facilitate the rule and the profit
making of capitalism at the expense
of the working class.
In particular, we are faced at this
moment with many and intense
struggles against the wage slashes
and against the campaign of ration
alization in industries. These strug-
giles can be carried through success
fully only If all the forces of the
working class are modified not only
the groups engaged in strikes The
struggle against starvation is not
only the struggle for better wages
and for unemployed insurance, but
it is also struggle for immediate
bread. Only the solidarity action of
the workers can help here.
The Workers International Relief
has a task to organize and carry
through such solidarity action. La
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
BY MAX BEDACHT

The WORKERS International Relief
is organizing for Labor Day on Mon
day, Sept. 7, solidarity demonsTa-
tons and meetings throughout the
country. The. success Of these dem
onstrstions IS Of great importance
for the American workers.
The American Labor Day was
granted" by the bourgeoisie at a
time when the urge for workers
solidarity action had grown into a
grcat,force. Struggles for the eight
hour day and efforts to organize the
workers dominated the life of the
working class everywhere. The de-
n,and~for a dayzof workers demon
STATIONS became universal. The
workers, felt that at least one day
a year they should take off for them
selves in order to demonstrate. They
felt the need TO demonstrate not only
their power to make the wheels stand
still, but also their intention to use
this power to achieve the eight-hour
day and other aims.
1t was then that American CAPT
taiism brought forward the proposal
Of Labor Day. The Labor Day
proposed by the militant sections
and leadership OF the working class
was day taken by labor to demon
strate the workers solidarity with
their own class and for their class
interests. The capitalists proposal
for Labor Day was gift" of cap
italism aimed al preventing the soli-
darity of the workers with their own
class and instead establishing soli-
darity of the workers with capitalists.
Especially in late years this has
become very apparent. Leadership
OF the American Federation of La
Dor and the treacherous Socialist
leadership In trade unions has of
late designed its Labor Day mani
testations as open anti-working class
and pro-capitalist demonstrations.
In Chicago this year the Federation
Of Labor is openly organizing its
Labor Day demonstration at the in
itiative Of the Chamber of Commerce
and under the guidance Of the cor
rupt and gangster ridden police de-
partment OF the city of Cl''cego.
Because Of this the selection 81
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
By SYLVIA FISHBEIN

Note:-The following notes we're
recently made by an investigator
for Labor Research Association in
the course of her study of working
and living conditions of Paterson
silk and dye workers.
Last spring, a Paterson silk weaver,
unemployed most of the year, found
it impossible to feed his wife and
seven small children. He left home
to seek work in another part of the
state. His wife, thinking something
had happened to him, told their story
to the local police station. An officer
of the law came after him. They
Ncked him up for non-support. Can
you imagine, he said ironically, mon
support I want to support my kids,
but how can I if there's no work?
Next week is my trial. What'n
tell the judge? I'll spit in his face
One worker has been suffering from
pains through his body. At the hos
pital clinic, they diagnosed it-neu-
ritis, The visit and the medicine cost
him $3.50. He never went back for
treatments lie never had $3.50 after
that to spare.
a young pale-faced weaver, "a,
spoke Of his wife. Married a year, a
baby coming in a week. During her
entire pregnancy, she hasn't had any
mill; to drink. She visited the doctor
over month ego He told her what
to eat. whats the use-the doctor
don't know we can't buy what he
says"
A weaver asked me to see his room
"a dingy hole in an attic. you
thilll: I like this room? Never. What
can I do5" He Showed me his teeth,
rotten ard black with decay. Last
month tootllache kept him in agony
for a week. A dentist wanted $50
to operate 1891" He laughed. Il
not seen $50 for years"
A dyer tells me that he is 80 pounds
underweight. He rarely ever gets
any sleep. When the rush season
is on, he works seven days a week,
Is hours without a STOP For this he
is paid $50 In the slack season, he
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
Poverty Unemployment
in Paterson

the one lower flat-four rooms.
There's not enough coal to heat two
floors. Food comes into the house
only when the grocer feels soft
hearted enough to trust. There's
no bread, milk, not even salt home,
now" The old worker who says he
is IAN American citizen, not Boil
shevik," wants to shake my fist
in the face of the government"
A tall, sickly looking weaver weighs
only 100. Twice this year he tried
to commit suicide-gas. For two
weeks during the winter he was out
on the streets with his family. "Evict-
ed for a lousy $50" He slept at City
Hall with the rest of the "bums." A
few nights they crept into empty
houses, like thieves" "And whyP
Just so the bosses can send their
wives to Florida. My wife is sick
ten years. I can't pay a doctor to
cure her"
A loom fixer laughed as he named
his trade. Sure, I'm a loom fixer,
but loom fixin amt what it used to
be-" His last job brought him $25 a
week, five and half days, ten hours
each. He ran four looms as a regu-
lar weaver, did half quill winders
Jobs, and fixed u looms. For % years
he's been a loom fixer, but never
have I been to such dive as Pater-
son." Seventeen dollars carried him,
his wife and four kids through three
weeks. "All there's left now is IS
cents and not a crust of bread in
the house"
Mary is II, one of a family of seven.
Three years ago she had to quit
school to become a drop wirer She
and her father support the family.
Her father is out of work from six
to nine months each year. She works
hard through the winter to make up
for the summer slack, Il hours a
day six days week. For this she
makes about $25. One week last
winter, Mary made $50. She worked
six days, II hours each day. But she
couldn't stand the strain. Now her
1A-year Old sister helps her out. When
Mary is tired and can work only
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05

difference between May Day and
Labor Geader) Day. {
In this pamphlet we find that IA
1883 the A. F. of L. renewed the cam
paign for the 8-hour day and ap-
pealed to the International Congress
of workers organizations then held
in Paris ito hold demonstrations on
May ! in all parts of Europe" In
response to this appeal, the Interna-
tional Congress adopted May as
the day on which each year tho
workers of the world should moh1p
ize their forces and demonstrates
their growing strength for the over.
throw of capitalism. .
This pamphlet tells briefly and
clearly how the real Labor Day-May
Originated and the great part IL
has played in the struggle for the lib
Grafton of the working class, and to
what depth the A. F. of L. rlislead-
ers have sunk when, In their efforts
to destroy the significance Of May
Day, they joined Hoover and his fell
low-capitalists in proclaiming May.l
as Child Health Day, so that-as an
A. F. of l.. convention resolution put
it--"May no longer will be known
as either strike day or Communist
Labor Day.
The History of May Day is one Of
the 10 cent International Pamphlets.
1t should be distributed widely on
September Z and before. 1t can Be
secured from Workers Library Pub
fishers, P. o. Box 148. Station d. New
York City,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05

eight hours at a stretch, she takes
her sister with her. Between them
they finish in eight hours the work
that Mary is supposed to do herself
or be fired.
A former coal miner. now a dyer,
said he had sharp pains in his chest
all the time-spits blood often-can't
afford to see a doctor to find out
what's wrong. It's very bad in the
winter. The bosses wear heavy over
coats in the shop. The dyers freeze
tn their shirt sleeves. He pounded
out each word The country don't
know it, but conditions in the Pater-
son dye houses is worse than in the
Ohio mines"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05

comes into the shop about seven,
works for two hours, goes home. In
the middle OF the day the boss phones
him. Come into work. There's a
rush job = The JOB takes a couple
of hours. He goes home to get some
sleep. Midnight passes. The phone
rings. ''Ihare's a special here and
we need you Good God, can't you
wait till morning." mo, it's gotta
be rushed. Come in now or don't
come in at ALL
A weaver, 81 years old, his wife
and two daughters, occupy the upper
floor Of small house. His son who
has six children lives downstairs. In
the winter. both families crowd into
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
memoirs of a Terrorist"

Reading Savinkov, you come IN
directly but forcibly to understand
the romantic futility Of the IS. R."
tactic Of individual terror, shown up
by one who is It's high priest, and 1t
becomes clear to any worker why
the Russian workers rejected it for
the feminist tactic of mass action OF
the BolsheviH.
Savinkov's book shows how, even
technically, the ruling class can out
play the oppressed class at the game
Of individual terror. Only by a hair
did Savinkov himself escape death
that came to scores and hundreds
as a result of the Terrorist Brigade
for over q decade being led by Azev
the spy. Politically, the working
class was not moved an inch further
| in its fight for power by individual
terror against Czarist officials. More,
the IS. r." terrorists not only rejec-
ted control by their own Party, but
finally rejected control, by working
class policy and ideas, becoming
becoming counter-revolutionary gun
men.
This tendency toward individual
terrorism of course had a natural
birthright under the Gar, and in
capitalist countries today it occas-
sionally crops up when the circum-
stances of capitalist brutality and
working class encouragement join
to lend it seeming value. Leninists
will always recognize its appearance
and struggle against such defeatist
moods and tactics.
SaHnkov's book is not merely in
teresting, but has its lessons from
which American workers can also
learn much.
Harrison George
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
A Book by Boris Savinkov
Published by Albert q Chas. Boni'
$500

Boris Savinkov, active participant
and leader of the Terrorist Brigade
of the Social Revolutionary Party OF
Russia (popularly known as the
IS. R") tells in this book, in minute
and thrilling fashion which fiction
could only ape, his experiences bet
ween 1902 and 1909.
This picture of the IS. r." Party
tells, without its author saying a word
about the Bolsheviki, why the Boil
sheviki led by Lenin won the revo-
luton and why the Social Revolu-
tionary Party not only failed, but
became degenerate and shameless
tool Of counter revolution
This side Of the story is, of course,
revealed only to those who already
know something of the policies fol-
lowed by the Bolc..eviki under Lenin,
as distinguished from those of the
rs. r." and those of the Mensheviki
whose counter -revolutionary des-
tiny is also forecast by Savinkov's
narrative without the narrative itself
mentioning them.
1t must not be forgotten that Sa-
vinkov became a minister in Keren-
sky's cabinet, an inciter of White
Guard butcheries and hireling of
British and French imperialists, who
hired him to murder Soviet leaders.
His personal political degeneracy thus
followed the logical course of the
Social Revolutionary Party, and he
in no way differs from the other
socialist heroes" who fought
against the Gar over which we are
asked to weep when the Soviet jails
them for counter Revolutionary acts
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
Labor" Day and Labor
''"'> Betrayers

On September 7, the misleaders Of
American labor will again put on the
badge Of shame which they have
been wearing on this day for years
past as the sign of their betrayal to
the principles of the working class.
Frightened by the tremendous DEM
onstrations of international working
class solidarity which came in res
ponse to their own appeal made AZ
years ago, the American Federation
OF Labor officials have turned their
backs on May Day and have adopted
the so-called legal Labor Day" "Ob-
servance of this day." they say, lis
means of educating public opinion
in regards to the principles and pur-
poses of the labor movement"
They want to educate not the mil
lions of unorganized workers, but the
public" This public" includes the
entire horde of capitalists and their
hired uniformed and ununiformed
murderers and prosecutors of the
workers. All these the A. F. of L..
racketeers want to educate ito the
principles of the labor movement" by
patriotic speeches on Labor Day.
Attempts made at A. F. of L. con-
ventions to discard Labor Day for
May Day have been bitterly fought
and defeated by the A. F. of L. Of
ficials. This we learn in the pamph-
let, The History Of May Day, written
by Alexander Trachtenberg and espe-
cially appropriate for circulation
among workers now to show them the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
AC06E.
(naBspHi MaAioHax ma raph).

1.-THE Socialists and the fascists
are the same Turn this picture
upside down. 1t is a drawing from
an Illegal leaflet issued in PoIand.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-09-05
To the Working People of the Entire
World:

To the Working People of the Entire
World:
A new decree by the Pilsudski gov
eminent makes political prisoners
subject to all the rules governing
criminal prisoners.
In Poland, the political prisoners
serving long prison terms are counted
in the thousands. For in Poland a
political offense is everything which
was considered such by the Czarist
government. To this day the Czarist
legal code, supplemented by new, ex-
tremely severe statutes, is being APP
piled in this country. In the for
mer PrusSian and Austrian provinces,
the old laws existing in the days of
absolutisn1, the laws of the latter
part of the eighteenth and the first
part of the nineteenth centuries,
and long since not being applied in
either Germany or Austria, were
again resurrected. In Poland, sem
fences of death were pronounced
Gemberg trials) for circulating
Communist papers, these sentences
being later, by way of mercy" COM
muted to ten to fifteen years hard
labor. The normal sentence for Ger
tain political convictions, for express
sing certain viewpoints, for spreading
them by printed word, is from six
to eight years hard labor. Such SEN
fences are often given to minor boys
and girls.
The Czarist government granted
political prisoners certain privileges:
relief from the rules lowering their
human dignity, the use of their own
clothing, the right to have books and
writing materials. The Polish gov
eminent, keeping sacred the Czarist
laws, for years has been attempting
to deprive the political prisoners of
those miserable privileges" Now the
PilSudski government has decreed its
immediate and unconditional revoc-
alton.
In Poland, not only Communist
convictions are punished by heavy
prison sentences. Thousands of non
party workers and peasants suffer
the same fate for opposing the best
ial regime of Pilsudski's fascist die
tatorship, for defending their bread,
their life, their human dignity
against governmentmental excuses.
Besides this, Poland is the prison
of nations. Forty per cent of the
population is composed of nations
forcibly incorporated into Poland.
Political workers, struggling for the
freedom of these nations, share the
fate of the revolutionary proletarians
and peasants. Professor Bronislav
Taraszkiewicz, a fighter for White
Russian freedom, man respected in
his country as well as outside of it,
treacherously kidnapped by the Pol
ish political police from an interna-
tional train on free territory, is now
serving fifteen years at hard labor.
The facts Of the horrible tortures
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-04-23
LARGE FAMILY
SAVES DRUNK
DRIVER TERM
Clyde Carmin Loses Right
to Operate Car; His
Fourth 0ffenSe.

Hiding behind the skirts of his
wife and children" Clyde Carmin
81, of 1924 William street, scored
another-his fourth in a year--vic-
tory over Dame Justice today.
In municipal court on charges of
driving while drunk, Carnin adj
mitted to John Rockford, judge pro
tenn, that ne had, been before the
court three times previously on sim
liar charges in the last twelve
months.
And you've got out by hiding
behind the skirts of your wife and
children?" Rockford asked. Car
min admitted this.
Today Rockford took away his
drivers license for a year, but sus-
pended farm sentence of ninety
days and a $25 fine when Carmins
wife and three Of his seven children
appeared before the bench.
Carmin was charged with side
swiping an auto driven by H. H.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-04-23

and the river banks from Tientsin
to the sea virtually are under
bandit rule.
The outlaws nearly all are former
soldiers who have deserted or been
disbanded from the Chinese armies.
These men, many of them armed.
refuse to go back to work on the
farms from which they came.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-04-23
TWO PLANES TO
RACE IN DASH
AROUND WORLD
len-Day Record Is Sought
by Four AviatorS in
GirdIing Globe.
By United pr.ss

BIZ United Press
Los ANGELES, April 2s.-Honor
and wealth await the winner Of an
airplane race around the world,
which will start from here, probably
week from Friday. A ten-day
record is the object.
The competitors are John Henry
Mears, who has twice broken the
around-the-world record; Vance
Breese, Wiley Post, veteran speed
pilot, and Harold Gatty. who at
tempted a trans-Pacific flight with
Lieutenant Harold Bromley.
Posts reward will be $4,000 if
ne completes the around-the-world
light. F.. G. Hall, Oklahoma City
OIL magnate, owner Of the plane.
mas promised that amount.
Mears said he did not plan to
make nonstop trans-Pacific flight
Tor the $4,000, offered by a ia
panese newspaper for such a feat
put will share in commercial con-
tracts.
Post and Gatty will fly together
as will Mears and Breese.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-04-23
TERROR RULES CHINA
Bandit Armies Operate Up
to Walls of Peiping.
BvUnited Press

BW Lnlftu TTes8
PIEPING, April 3.-Emboldened
by their success in the interior of
China, rowing bandit armies were
invading the north today, spread
ing terror through a region here
tofore comparatively free of bri-
gands.
Gangs are now operating up to
the very walls of Peiping.
The great port of Tiertsin al
ready has been entered by outlaws,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-04-23

Soburn, 5347 Park avenue, at Ritter
avenue and Washington street, and
speeding past group of school chill
dren Wednesday noon.
Don't drive a car for a year, and
if you get drunk again, in or out of
an auto, come to court with your
working clothes, because you'll draw
job on the state farm" Rockford
warned.