davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1931-02-16
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The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

trolled by the United States Steel Corporation;
the Wisconsin Steel Company, and Sam insults
big power monopoly conferred in Chicago, the
Commonwealth Edison Company.
Down through the years these great corpora
of the coal miners. The United Mine Workers
Union during the past decade has been openly
on the side of the mine owners. In the inter-
necine war between various reactionary factions
in the UNIWA, much truth came to light, one
charge made being that John L. Lewis, still
president of the UMWA, received 100000 for
allowing the Kentucky mines to remain working
while other competing sections were closed by
strikes.
Mine Owners Judge.
No wonder that Judge D. G. Jones, himself
opening day Of court 1auded the lawful" United
Mine Workers of America and condemned the
"lawless" National Miners Union.
The International Labor Defense has been in
the field since the attack by mine owners thugs
on the mine strikers in Evarts, as a result of
which several strikers were wounded, but also
four deputized gunner were slain. Morris Stern,
Pittsburgh district organizer, was early sent into
the field from the Pennsylvania Ohio strike
zone j. Louis Engdahl, general secretary of the
LID, spent some time in Harlan following the
Scottsboro United Front Conference in Chatta-
nooga in May. Later he met with the Kentucky
delegation at the National Miners Conference
in Pittsburgh to organize the defense Jesse
Wakefield was sent into the territory mainly to
develop the relief campaign for the starving
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22
BY MAX BEDACHT.

On August 20 and 30 the Workers
International Relief will hold ma
tional conference in Pittsburgh.
This conference will review the eX-
periences of the miners relief cam
paign It will endeayor to perfect
the organizational machinery of the
WIZ. 1t will work out plans for
the necessary relief activities of the
coming period. With the growing
mass struggles OF the workers, the
growth Of the activities for workers
relief into broad mass activities be-
come more and more of an indis-
pensable necessity.
At present millions of American
workers are unemployed. They must
tight for their very lives. They must
fight for chance to maintain their
families. At the same time the cap
italistS are carrying thru wage cuts.
An all-around slashing Of the wage
standards Of the American workers
Is evident. This puts the employed
workers, too, before the necessity of
struggle against starvation. Although
working, they are faced with hunger
Hundreds of thousands of miners,
textile workers and workers in other
industries are nderpaid. Miserable
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

chtldren's books. incidentally, this
is one OF the most important phases
OF Soviet publishing. In the United
States children's books are left most
ly to the dime novel stun. In back
Of every book it put out one COM
pany pasted a QUESTIONABLE which
asked such questions as: How did
you like the book? Was 1t easy to
read? Has everything necessary been
included or do you think that some
thing is lacking? The children filled
these out and mailed them to the
publishers. The growing youth is
invited to criticise as well as read.
An annual event Is the Children's
Book Week. And last winter con-
ference was held in Moscow where
the old grey heads of the Bureaus
of Education, the heads of the pub
blishing houses and representatives
of the Young Pioneers met to dis
cuss what's what In books. And they
didn't decide to put out stories about
the poor but honest shoe skinner who
rose to be president Of bank or
how some handsome young prince
with the aid of an angel freed some
miserable little girl from slavery.
One Of the books put out for these
children, 1.-THE Primer" dealing with
the chaos of capitalism and the plan
fitness of Soviet economy, is now
a best seller in America, being read
by adults over here. "
Some may take this article as
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22
Relief Is indispensable
In Workers Struggles

the fighting starving miners on the
ground that starvation among the
miners is not an act of god. But
it is. It is the mdeniable act of
the only god that capitalism prays
to, that capitalism serves, and that
capitalism recognizes; the god of
profit. But this god Of profit will
never fight against starvation 1t
will not permit any Of its institu-
tons such as the Red Cross to fight
against starvation. This god, cap
italism itself, needs starvation; it
wants it; it produces it; starvation
of the masses is the means by which
capitalism tries to force the workers
into acceptance of its own conditions
of work.
Against this situation the workers
must pitch their own solidarity &C
ton. They must organize proletar-
ian relief. They must organize their
whole class force to help any section
OF its class engaged in battle. We
repeat that such solidarity action is
not charity. It is an act of the class
struggle. 1t is a method of mobiliz-
ing wide sections of the working
class to sustain other sections en-
gagged in strikes and mass battles.
The Workers International Relief
must be the instrument of such mass
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22
THE MURDER TRIALS IN KENTUCKY

ANOTHER historic court battle again the CEN
II ter of working class mobilization of protest
throughout the United States and the world, in
volving the lives of 80 coal miners charged with
murder and long prison terms for scores of
others charged with banding and confederat-
ing' and criminal syndicaHsm has opened-this
time in the Businesses of the rich coal fields Just
as in the opening days of the trials of Nicola
Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, the poisonous
capitalist press gives but few paragraphs to
this outstanding persecution.
Parallels Sacco-Vanzettf Case
But also as in the Sacco-V anzetti case, the
court house at Harlan, KY. as in Dedham, Mass,
becomes the scene of the mobilization of the
armed forces of capitalist class justice The boss
press, the judge the sheriff the prosecutors, all
interested in coal mine profits, have announced
the coal miners have planned IAN uprising" for
the first day Of the trial Criminal scum from
the alcohol underworld, bootleggers, hijackers
and rum runners from as far as Cleveland and
Chicago, have been sworn in as deputy sheriffs
Machine guns, tear gas, armored cars, high-pow-
cred rifles and shotguns are the weapons placed
in their hands by the ruling elements of the
Kentucky coal fields, the Rockefelers, the Mel
Ions, the insults and the Morgans.
Fighting Powerful Interests
miners throughout Kentucky are fighting the
most powerful vested interests in the nation: the
Rockefeller Consolidated Coal Company, the no
torious Peabody Coal Company of Chicago; the
United States Coal and Coke Company, con-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

families OF the imprisoned miners. While en-
gagged in this work the automobile placed at her
disposal was dynanited. Her arrest followed on
criminal syndicalisn charge. This charge was
dropped, followed by her arrest on the same
charge, and she is now being held in the Harlan
County Jail under $1,000 bail and $4,000 peace
bond. Allan Taub, LID. lawyer, working in the
Pennsylvania Ohio coal strike area, has been in
Kentucky for several weeks With the opening
OF the murder cases the LID. Is strengthening
its forces, both Negro and white, in this area
1t is closely linking up the Harlan defense move
ment with the struggle for the lives of the
Scottsboro boys and the Camp Hill share crop
pers. The Harlan prisoners include both Negro
and white coal miners as well as sympathizers
One of those charged with criminal syndicalism
is an 8o-year-old Negro preacher who organized
protest meeting against the persecution OF the
miners before the Harlan County court house
Closely linked up with the mass protest move
nent which is expected to reach high point on
Sacco-Vanzetti Day, August %, and with the
court battles, is the drive for funds The Harlan
Miners Defense Committee has been organized
to develop the defense struggle locally in Ken
lucky, and to work in close cooperation with the
International Labor Defense So extensive has
been the pauperization of the Kentucky coal
miners, however, that they are without means
to finance their own defense, even to a small ex-
tent They look to labor throughout the nation
for aid. Send all contributions to the National
Office International Labor Defense, Room 43o,
80 E. 18th ST.. New York City
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

break. The book that deals with
an economic or scientific subject has
run OF about 1000 or maybe less,
depending on how many libraries
want 1t for their shelves. OF course,
there are exceptions and some non
fiction that become best sellers but
these exceptions are few and far be-
tween.
Most of these so-called non-fiction
best sellers like "Story of Philosophy
are in the same class as the novels.
Making a claim to being scientific
they are more harmful than others
which do not. A sinattering of this
and that and the author presents q
History" Of all thought of all time.
The histories and biographies which
became so popular few years back,
were just so much junk and poison.
The history of an epoch evolved it
self into the love affairs OF some
degenerate ruler. Unless an author
puts across some best seller in the
United States he is pretty bad off.
Boris Pilnyak, the Soviet author who
recently visited America, said that
over there the writers are the most
prosperous. And they don't have to
sell insurance on the side.
In the United States intellectuals
speak with great awe of the classics.
Schools drill year in year out on a
few standards like Shakespeare and
little of Alfred Lord Tennyson,
beautifully bound sets are turned out
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

We would be doing the Soviet work.
ers and peasants great injustice to
stop here. In books more than In
any thing it is quality and not mere
size that counts. And here the Sow
let books are so far ahead that there
is no comparison. One half of the
books put out in the Soviet Union
last year dealt with social and econ
omic problems.
For instance, in the early part of
1880 the chief publishing house in
the U.S.S.R. had already put out one
hundred books on the Five Year
Plan, amounting 60 Is million copies.
During the rest of the year this was
multiplied many times. In the spring
sowing campaign, the same house is
sued over Is million books. Also so
million copies of Lenin's works we're
sold. Quite a contrast to the books
turned out here, like Flaming
Youth" strangers May Kiss" and
SO on. And show us the American
publication selling into millions of
copies.
If such thing we're to happen
both author and publisher would be
cases for an insane asylum. The
usual run of an American book is
1000 copies. If it is first novel
the author can expect to make about
$325 (the usual sale of these is 1900
copies). You notice that these fig
ures deal with novels. The reason
is that we are trying to give America
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22
ACapitalist Editor Warns That
WarIsCloser Now Than in 1914

IN A special cable to the World
Telegram yesterday william Phil
ip Sinms, foreign editor of the
Scripps- Howard papers, warns the
capitalists that Europe is on the
verge of political and economic COL
lapse. His summary Of the present
European situation is that Europe
faces the blacklist and in many ways
the most perilous winter in her
peace time history" The danger of
collapse lies not in one or two
minor weak spots but in the most
important countries. Some of the
Oldest and staunchest powers of this
hemisphere are admittedly on the
ragged edge of an abyss whence only
the coolest heads can save them.
Great Britain as we'll as Germany
to mention merely the two greatest
can avoid disaster only through
unprecedented reorganization OF
their finances which in itself involves
political dangers" In this he re-
fers to the sharpened attack on the
working class that the capitalists and
socialists of both Germany and Eng
land are making to try and avoid
collapse.
War Closer Than In 1914.
The logical way out of this crisis
for the capitalists class is Wharf.-The
attack on the Soviet Union. I'm
some ways things are worse than in
1914" says Sinlms. He adds that
while 1t was thinkable that war
could have been avoided In 1914 ITO
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

They are trying to kill Tom physi-
cally and thereby rid themselves OF
his issue. After is years of stay there
he is assigned to a job OF peeling po-
tatoeS and other vegetables. He
work 80 hours daily in a small six
foot square room with no ventilation
whatever. The room is often filled
with steam from single shower. on
the corner for the % prisoners serv.
ing the officers and guards mess
where Tom works 1t is little sur
prising to watch Tom sinking IN
health. -
For the other class war prisoners,
life is a constant fight against the
efforts Of the prison administration
to starve them mentally. At one
time the Daily Worker readers cir
Gle consisted Of nearly 200 prisoners
OF the healthiest, proletarian type. "A
number of them subscribed them
selves out of their meager funds. A
number of articles of specific prison
interest appeared in the Daily
Worker and were discovered by the
men especially the several dealing
with the penal system in the U.S.S.R.
The contrast was too glaring. In
general the U.S.S.R. is on the minds
OF nearly the whole prison popula-
ton, as a workers land where the
misery and punishment that passes
with capitalism as a system of pen
ology lis no more.'
'"The popularity of the Daily was
too much for the prison bulls-it was
barred-terlporarily.
"The International Labor Defense
is now going ahead full steam, with
an intensive drive to compel the
release Of our seven comrades from
Folsom and San Quentin. August
%, the Sacco and Vanzetti anniver-
sary, is fully utilized to bring forth
the Imperial Valley and the Anti
Sedition laws campaigns along with
the fight for the ScottSboro Negro
KIDS and general amnesty for all
working class fighters. We here must
not forget our brothers in fascist
Poland, Baltic States and Philip
pines, as well as numberless other
fighters now behind prison walls in
many capitalist and colonial lands.
II am fully certain that with con-
tlnuous real mass pressure we will
snatch our seven Imperial Valley
comrades from the hells of the Cali
fornia prison. They are to face the
prison board in the latter part of
September. The danger of long SEN
fences cannot be minirnized. / am
going ahead on a tour across the
country in behalf of the Valley case
as well as the other main defense
issues.
Il am mighty glad to get back into
the fight. had too long of a rest
and am starved for real work inthe
class struggle"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

proof Of the stupidity Of the Amer
lean masses. But this would be very
wrong. These facts are an indict-
ment of the capitalist system which
makes of the workers beast fighting
for meal, working all sorts of hours
at stupendous speed-up. The work
er who has gone through a ten or
twelve hour steel mill day or any
factory cannot be expected to go
home and read. The worker who
must worry about where the rent
is going to come from will not read.
And the school system that breeds
the will to get ahead in business and
makes education stepping stone to
make more money, will not teach the
youth to read and learn. A reliable
investigator reports that many mil
lions after school days are over, read
none Cbooks, j. L. at all"
Besides the physical exhaustion of
the worker another thing that in
terferes with his reading is the price
OF the book. Any OF the books that
sell as better fiction sell for $3.50 and
So dollars. And the non-fiction are
not considered classy enough unless
they have 81 and S.. and sometimes
more marked on them. And these
books are not written for the masses.
The Soviet Union has shown the
way. 1t is only the revolution which
will liberate the will and the ability
to learn.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

day such thing is impossible"
He warns the capitalists that the
Prussian referendum of August 9 did
not as they tried to make the work
ers believe indicate a defeat for the
advance of the German workers on
the road to a Soviet Germany. The
people of Germany, he says, "are on
the move and are not going to stop
until PREPARATIONS are wiped out or
greatly reduced, tile Treaty of Ver-
sailles revised and union with Aus
tria accomplished The Commun-
list Party of Germany is the only
Party that is leading the millions OF
German workers to wipe out the rep
arations and all capitalist debts and
the Treaty of Versailles. 1t is the
Communist Parties of Germany and
Austria that are leading the workers
Of both countries for the establish
ment of Soviet governments in both
countries.
Hunger for German Jobless.
The German ambassador to the
United States Prittwitz who returned
to the U. S. yesterday also warned OF
the horrible winter that the workers
of Germany are facing. He stated
that there are apt to be over 7,ooo,-
900 unemployed this winter in Ger
many and added that the country
would be unable to support so large
a number. The coming winter with
the curtailrnent of unemployment
relief will mean starvation to these
100000 and their families.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

wages in the textile industry have al
ready driven father, mother, and
children into the factories. And yet,
even tho the whole family goes to
slave, 1t does not earn what might
be called q decent living. In the
mining industry, the operators cheat
the workers even out of the miser-
able earnings they Allow them. They
cheat thew ON the scale when they
check up on the tonnage Of mined
coal; they cheat them in the COM
pany; stores when they charge out
rageous prices; they cheat them on
the charge Of material used In the
mines; they cheat them everywhere
and every day.
Under these conditions, the strug-
gle against starvation Is universal
task of the American workers. En-
ployed and unemployed alike face
this task. The unemployed must
fight for chance to eat. The en-
ployed must fight for a chance to
eat enough.
These struggles find the workers
without any reserves, In any strike
or mass struggle hunger is threat
sning to drive the workers into SUBJ
mission. Under these conditions, re-
lief becomes q political quantity of
tremendous Importance. Relief based
on proletarian solidarity action is
not charity. 1t is a contribution
TO the fighting determination of the
workers in battle. On the part of
the working masses, it is an act OF
defiance against the starvation cam
paign OF capitalism.
The Red Cross refused relief to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-08-22

mobilization. It must penetrate
every conceivable labor organization.
1t must be the inspirer and guide for
proletarian relief activities of every
possible group Of workers. 1t must
on the one hand mobilizing every
ounce Of feeling OF class solidarity
among the broad working masses for
the support Of workers engaged in
battle. On the other hand it must
utilize its relief campaigns to de-
velop an increasingly better under
standing of class solidarity among
the workers.
The conference in Pittsburgh on
the 18th and 30th OF August has an
International experience to draw on
But first of all it will be able to
draw on the experience in the pres
ent miners fight. This experience
shows the indispensability of relief
work in working class battles of to-
day. This experience also shows how
the strikers themselves can be drawn
into the activities of the w. I. R. 1t
shows further how those strikers en-
gagged on behalf of their own strike
in relief activities under the guidance
Of the w. 7. r. become efficient
relief bodies for similar activities in
mass battles of workers in any other
industry or territory.
The militant workers of the
United States must attach the i'm
portance to the w. I. R. Conference
in Pittsburgh which it deserves.
They must support it and they must
help strengthen the ranks of the w.
I. R. and contribute to the increase
Of its activities.