davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12

State official and other persons of un-
questioned reliability, is Of a workman
in a neighboring county who had been
observed by his fellow workmen to have
very little in his lunch pail. These
men, it must be remembered, were
not even among the unemployed, but
were working for a smaller wage than
usual to keep from being absolutely
idle.
Others were managing to get along
on this reduced scale, but this man
happened to have a family of little
children and, with the total loss of
his garden and other things from the
drought, was really in want Finally
one of his fellow workmen investi-
gated the lunch bucket and found that
all it contained was the peelings of
potatoes. roasted. Mortified each man
contributed a piece of bread or, some
other article from his lunch and the
cover was replaced on the bucket But
when the owner came and saw these
things he so strenuouSly insisted that
the bucket was not his that the ruse
had to be explained. But what" he
asked, did you do with the potato
peelings?" and when told that they
had been thrown away exclaimed with
regret: "Oh, you shouldn't have done
that! I could have eaten them and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
CULPEPER, va, January 12.-The
various benevolent bodies which were
organized some months ago in this and
the adjoining counties to have charge
of the drought relief work throughout
this section during the hard months
of Winter and until another crop can
be made are being confronted by a
problem which, while rejecting credit
upon the spirit of the people, is MAX
ing relief work difficult, and that Is the
reluctance of so many families to &C
knowledge the fact that they need help.
and it has been found that many OF
them have endured real suffering be-
fore letting any of the relief agencies
know of their plight.
The needs of many of these people
are now being ascertained from the
country storekeepers, who, naturally
know when scanty purchases, or none
at all, are being made by families In
their vicinity, and by the teachers OF
the rural schools from observation OF
the clothing and lunches of their pupils
One teacher reported that bright
little girl of about 10 years OF age
had been wearing the same white dress
to school every day for more than Two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12
REFLEX TO NOISE
is HELD AUTOMATIC
German NeuroIogiSt Finds
"Fear Reaction" Exists Uni
versaIIy in Initial Stages.
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

Existence of "fear reflex" to loud
noises, which appears to be funda-
mental in human behavior, is demon
strated in experiments recently con-
cluded by the German neurologist
Hans Strauss, which have just been
reported to the Committee on Child
DEVELOPMENT of the National Research
Council here.
This reflex is an automatic bodily
reaction operating over nerve arcs
below the level of the brain cortex.
which always occurs, at least IN It's
initial stages, regardless of age, sex or
physical condition. 1t precedes think
ing" and presumably is survival of a
mechanical defensive mechanism of life
which has been built into the organism.
Response Found Complicated.
Strauss, according to the Child De-
velopment Committee report, set out to
determine in the minutest detail just
what person does when suddenly
startled. The subjects, standing at
ease, did not know what was about to
happen. A pistol shot was fired and
a moving picture taken of each per-
sons reactions which could be slowed
up and analysed at leisure.
Strauss found that the fear" re-
Spouse in every person was quite COM
plicated, but always could be split into
two phases-the first unconscious and
largely invariable and the second dit
fering widely among individuals because
the brain nerve connections had come
into action.
The first move of every subject was
to close the eyes. This movement
by the following: Contraction of the
appropriate facial muscles to bring the
startling expression" bending forward
of the head. elevation and forward pro-
lection of the shoulders, forward eleva-
ton and internal rotation of the arm,
bending the elbow, closing the hand,
forward bending of the trunk, bending
of the lower eXtremitieS at the hips
and knees. Everybody did some OF
these things in the correct order, but
some halted the progress sooner than
Others. due to the speed of the cortex
in inhibiting the automatic movements
The movements varied considerably IN
degree of intensity but not in nature.
Sequence Found Invariable.
Strauss was especially impressed with
the invariable order of the events. This
order seemed to disregard the position
of the various parts of the body in
volved. If the eyes were closed when
the shot was fired the reaction was to
close them tighter. If the elbow was
bent it was bent still further, rather
than the arm being extended. Each
act from the first closing of the eyes,
seemed to provide the nerve stimulus
for the next act, until the upper layers
of the brain had time to assert them
selves.
The second phase of the fear reac-
ton, Strauss found, is that of the in
fiividiIal rather than the race. 1t may
DELAY for some time after the con-
clusion of the reflex, be continuous
with it, or even overlap the concluding
automatic actions. 1t appears, he says,
IN three types: Spying, protective and
flight movements When the shots were
repeated this second phase came more
rapidly and sometimes without the in
PREVENTION of the automatic phase, for
by that time the inhibitory mechanism
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12

of the brain had gotten in control of
the organism.
Strauss was unable to establish any
close relationship between the intensity
of the automatic reflex and the onset
or type of the secondary reaction. In
only one type of persons, cases OF
legarthy and diseased states character
lied by failure of attention. was the
primary reflex ever entirely lacking.
Strauss tested it out with victims of
various mental ailments. It was found
to grow progressively feebler in victims
of paresis at certain stages in the
disease. It could be brought out in
delirium tremens.
Acoustic Motor Reflex"
He calls this newly discovered auto
matte response of the human body the
acoustic reflex" and believes it
is set-off by the stimulation by sound
of the center of the motor branch of
the acoustic nerve at the base of the
brain. Probably, it is pointed out, all
the movements of the reflex were a
great value in the preservation OF life
at earlier stages of evolution and have
become q part of mans nervous herl-
tage. He cannot rid himself of them
even though their biological value now
is greatly lessened.
Other studies of fear conducted re-
Gently in European laboratories and
reported to the Child Development Com
mittee deal with the relations of normal
fear, such as every one experiences, and
pathological anxiety states where an
abnormal fear continues without any
apparent cause at all or long after the
cause has disappeared. Such are fears
of the dark, of being alone, and of
IF
cording to the British psychiatrist j. A.
Hadfield, shows these are almost al
ways conditioned ref1exes which can
be traced back to some terrifying eX-
perience of early infancy and the fear
is set up in the nervous system by any
stimulus similar to the forgotten in
fantile experience.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12
ROAST POTATO PEELS ONLY FOOD
FOR DROUGIT-STRICKE FARMERI
Case Discovered Accidentally in Virginia Is Example of
Self-Respect ImpelLng Citizens Not to Seek Aid.
Not to Seek Aid.

months and that strangely enough, the
little frock was always spotleSS. One
Cay she expressed her interest and was
told by the child that the reason it was
so was because my mother washes it
and irons it every night after I go to
bed"
Further investigation of the home
from which this child had come re-
vealed surroundings as spotless as the
little white dress. but the most abject
poverty that could be imagined, and yet
not one of this family had appealed for
the aid that was so generously given
when their plight was made known.
An incident which sounds almost I'M
believable, but is vouched for by a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12
Births Reported.

The following births have been reported
10 the Health Department in the last 2
hours:
Leroy A and Catherine Jones, girl.
Alexander and Natalne Sivers, girl.
Carl H and Cecilia S. Smith, girl
Rubin and Fannie Greenspau, girl
Abraham and Frances r. Wolf, girl.
Henry M and Willie b. Freeman, boy.
Walter and Mary Z. Powell, boy
George d. and Anna l.. Dickens, boy.
Mckinley and Margaret Brown, boy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12

saved these biscuit to take to the
childrenl"
This family win eat no more potato
Feelings this Winter, unless they really
prefer to do so. but this just illustrates
been self-supporting and self-respect-
ing. would rather do than to ask for
what they look upon as charity
although, in view of the Statewide
and Nationwide extent of the drought.
this Is, Of course, a wrong point OF
view.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12
Subscribe Today

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-12

The first edition of the famous En-
cyclopaedia Britannica. in three vol
umeS, came out in 1768-71.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Continued From Page u
red in the mains while flushing sew
ers it is fit for nothing.
Even the coffee is ruined by the
chemical combination Of the IRON
oxide and the tannate which natural
ly occurs in the coffee bean forming
the nasty, muddy mixture you some
times see.
Improve Taste
Chlorine costs the city about $4,000
per year and is requirement by the
State Board Of Health to make our
water germ-free and safe for drink
ing. A softening plant would get rid
of that expense and the bad taste and
odor caused by the chlorine and IRON
oxide. We would have clear, spark
ling water free from odor and bad
taste and disease-bearing germs.
When our young people get to the
point where they want to build them
selves a house and start housekeep-
ing there is always the question of a
cistern and an electric pump to dis
tribute the soft water through the
house. The cost of this installation
would equal three years of taxes and
this would be only the beginning of
costs for the new householder.
Ever Look at it This Way?
An interesting set of figures would
be compiled by setting down the orr
ginal cost of all cisterns in our town,
the cost of pumps and necessary pip
ing, the repair of leaking cisterns, the
cost of cleaning out the filth, the
price of electricity for pumps, and
other items of up-keep.
Some householders and some big
water users have put in softening
apparatus at a great expense, the in
stallation alone costing more than
their just share of municipal soften
ing-plant.
One reason Redwood Falls has not
more industries is the impossible
hardness of the water. Good water
is just as essential to industry as to
the individual. Without it there can
be no industry. Many cities have
found how profitable a good water
system is by the influx of new indus
tries. When industries prosper the
city and community prosper. What
would it mean to us if we only had
laundry and q canning plant in our
town? -
Good water is the life blood Of
healthy, prosperous city. Let US
ponder well the benefits, remember
ing always that in voting a bond for
this improvement we will be getting
what we are paying for. Under our
present system we are paying a ire
mendous price in devious, unthought
of ways, trying to conquer hard wat
er, and getting more trouble and ex-
pense.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Olivia defeated the Redwood Falls
golfers BY 10 points at the first tour
nament Of the season Sunday on Oil
Was green's Many Of the local play
ers participated in q tournament
game for the first time. A stiff wind
blew across the course. A. R. A.
Laudon was low man with IS for both
teams, and Jim Parsons was second
lowest with an So. June z the local
club will play a handicap tournament.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Services on next Lords Day will be
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
RADIO STARS FEATURED

AL and Pal, WNAX radio perform
ers were featured with Wheat
ley's Novelty dance band at the arm
DRY Saturday. According to r. M.
Bauerman, manager, he intends to
have the Rose Bud Riddles here June
10.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
Methodist Episcopal Church
"The House of Happiness"
C. f.. Martin. Pastor.

eoeOx'
Sunday School ---------- 10 A. M.
Public Worship ------------11 A. M.
"The Thought Through Life" will
be the subject of the morning serm-
on.
The New Avon services will be held
at the regular hours.
The young people of the Epworth
League will meet at 7:15. All men,
bers are urged to be present.
Union Services at the Presbyterian
church at the evening service hour
under the auspices of the County S.
S. Association. Everybody welcome.
Rev. G. E. Martin will give the
Memorial address at Tracy Saturday.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Church of st. Catherine
Catholic Church
Rev. FIR. w. j. Jiracek, Priest.
First, Third and Fifth Sundays
of the month Masses are held at 500
q. m. and 1000 a. m.
Second and fourth Sundays of the
month Mass is held at $3.50 a. m.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
First Presbyterian Church
J. P. Linn D. D., Pastor

Sunday School ----------10 A. M.
George DeVries Superintendent.
Morning Service -----------11 A. M.
The subject of the morning sermon
will be "Sticktoitiviness."
Young Peoples Meetings at z. P.
M. This will be a special meeting
and one of the state Sunday School
visitors will address the young peo-,
pies meeting at o'clock.
The evening service will be at 500
P. M. and will be a part of the Coun-
ty Sunday School Convention ses-
sions. Every one is invited to at
tend. This will be meeting of all
the churches interested in the coun-
ty convention and the Sunday School
work. Rev. j. D. Keith of Morgan
will be the speaker.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Mrs. Henry Austin is visiting with
friends near Clements.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
Delhi Presbyterian

Worship and Sermon ----10:40 A. M.
Church School ----------11:45 A. M.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
st. Johns Lutheran Church

st. Johns Lutheran Church
W. c. Nickels. Pastor
Divine Services with German Sermon
at A. M.
Sunday School ---------10:30 A. M.
Divine Services with English Sermon
at 100 A. M.
You are welcome to our services.
Church of Christ
"The Church of Kindness"
All Sunday Services in the Church
Basement
Bible School ------.--10 A. M.
Morning Worship -------11 A. M.
Sermon, "The Great STeed-A New
Birth" .~a..
c. E. g Divisions) -------7 P. M.
S. S. Convention in afternoon, and
also evening at the Presbyterian
church.
Board Meeting Tuesday.
Industrial usual time.a ~
Monday of next week Paul Willard
of Worthington will be with US for
three weeks revival meeting. We
are urging every member to put
everything else aside for those eve
nings and attend every service. 1t
can be done. 1t should be done.
Come, friends invited.
All Welcome-Always
Rev. Oscar Joneson. Pastor
English Lutheran
t'The Friendly Church"
Sunday School ---------10:00 A. M.
Morning Worship ------11:0O A.. NJ.
You will find welcome and inspira-
ton at the Friendly Church.
r. o. Aga, Pastor. !,
Morgan-Wabasso Presbyterian
Churches
John D. Keith, D. D., Minister.
Residence, Morgan, Phone 119.
Morgan
Sunday School ------------10 .. m.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

John Arends and daughters Of
Lamberton were business callers here
Friday.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Church of the Holy Communion
(Ep;scopaD
Rev. G. II. Ten Brock,

Rector.
Next Sundays Service will be the
Trinity Sunday Communion Service
at 1890 A. M.
The members of the local Parish
branch of the Woman's Auxiliary are
to bring to this service the semi-an-
nual offering for the "United Thank
Offering"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28
Belview congregational

Worship and Sermon ----9:30 A. M.
Church School -------- 1920 A. M.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-05-28

Church of the Nazarene
Mrs. G.. WaEaven, Pastor.
Sunday School ------------10 a. m.
Morning Worship ----------11 a. m.
Evangelistic Service --------8 p. m.
Prayer Meeting, Thursday --8 p. m.
The Washington times., 1931-09-25
HIGH
IN debut

ALEXANDRIA, Va, Sept. Is.
Episcopal High opens its football
season tomorrow against Eastern
High of Alexandria, Va, the game
to start at 3 p. m. on Hoxton
Field here. Episcopal High car
ried off the State prep school
football championship last year.
The team is coached by B. w.
"Bick" Caldwell, former Univer-
sity of Virginia star, who is as
sisted by Gus Hammer, another
Virginia product. and Robert Law
son. of Hampden-Sydney. Neil
Robinson is captain and Tommy
Tabb is manager. The schedule:
October 2, Mckinley, away;
10, Augusta Military Academy,
home; II, Fishburne Military
Academy. away: "a. Swavely, at
home, 3:15 p. M; 81, Gilman, at
home, 2:3O p. m.
November 7, Virginia Episcopal
School, away; IA, Shenandoah
Valley Academy, away; 21, Wood
berry Forest School, home.
Alexandria High opens its cam
paiagn this afternoon, meeting
the National Training School
eleven of Washington, D. c., in
Baggett'S Stadium at p. m.
Coaches Given and Wilson are
pleased with the teams work in
practice.
A tentative lineup finds Brown
and Carr on the ends; Turner
and Studds. tackles: Janney and
Davis, guards; Jackson, center;
Jennier, quarterback; Bruin and
Routzban, Ellfbacks, and Hud-
son. fullback. Mendelson, All-Dis-
trict guard last year, will see
part of the action.
The Washington times., 1931-09-25
Photos by Interna tional
PRIEST R Oils
IN /. \. s. LOOP

The Holy Name Society Bowl.
ing League got off to an auspici.
Gus start, with added emphasis
on the auspiciousness.
A priest, Father Lawrence Nc
Clone, of Nativity, and Ceaser
Aiello, president of the Washing.
ton section, we're among those
who appeared in the line-ups.
Charley Warren, Nativity cap
tain, stole a march on his league
contemporaries when he inserted
Father McGIOne in the lineup
for the second game against st.
Anthony, Nativity coming off
first best twice. Frank GraSSO
rolled 322 to lead the winners.
President Aiello rolled the first
and last game for st. Jerome, but
st. Peters won two. Mccarthy
rolled BAT set and 1877 game to
top the scoring. st. Gabriel
turned back st. Francis Xavier
twice.
The Washington times., 1931-09-25
WOMEN GOLFERS
IN TOURNEY

Women golfers of the District
are today competing in the an.
nual Corby Cup tournament, one
of the features of the season.
The event. an 18-hole handicap
medal play affair, is being held
over the Columbia Country Club
course.
The cup was donated by Mrs.
William A. Corby, former presi-
dent of the Women's District
Golf Association.
Mrs. J. F. DOwdall defeated
Mrs. r. Lester Rose, / up, in
the finals of the wOmen's
championship at the Congress
SiOnal Country Club. Mrs.
Frank Yates won over Mrs. r.
M. TOOmey, S and 4, in the
second flight finals.
The Washington women golfers
defeated the Baltimore players,
3OR points to 111a points, in an
intercity match over the Chevy
Chase course yesterday. Mrs. J.
Marvin Haynes, captain of the
local team, defeated Mrs. E. Boyd
Morrow for the first time since
the two have been meeting in
matches. Summaries:
Mrs J. Marvin Haynes Columbia,
Morrow. Mrs. Dorothy White Nicol.
son son Washington, scored points to /
Ior Mrs. W. F. Peterson. Winifred
Faunce, Manor, scored IL points to
IA points for Mrs Jerome Slomans.
DaTorothy Hunter, Indian Spring, scored
70 points to = for Mrs. Harry Trace.
mrs. Y. E. Booker Columbia. scored 3
susan Hacker, Chevy Chase scored u
a point to "a for Mrs W. B. Huft'
WIS. j. w. Bellar. Columbia scored 3
POINTS TO none for Mrs WaIker-Smith
MrS' Harrison Brand ir.. CHEVY
y EnaSe. scored points to none for Mrs
C rLeu Lines Mrs. Hume Wrong. Chevy
HhAse' scored points to meme for
Gas. M. l." Bell Virginia Williams,
tor STesslonsl scored "a points to \
Sn %r irene Boydon. Mrs. H. A. Knox,
sLohgress'onal so scored "a points to -
tor Mrs. Lloyd Harrison, Mrs ~
Quinter. Columbia scored 4 noint. ~ ~
m rome Ior mrs. Paul Darlington. Mrs. !. F,
CONVERSATIONAL, scored noints
Ior Mrs. W. F. Wrightson Mrs
.. y. Rhyme Congressional scored
p'lh'S 10 for Mrs. Richard jackson,
The Washington times., 1931-09-25


If the Printers should cop to.
days contest, it will be all over,
but. should the Comets win, a
third game will be necessary,
which will be played Monday at
AIS o'clock on the same diamond
Frank COrkins' sterling pitch
ing enabled the Typos to de-
feat the Commerce yesterday,
5 to IA He allowed three very
scattered hits and whitfield six
batterS, while his opponent,
Leon Riley was nicked for nine
hits. Riley hurled a better
game than the score indicates,
tanning 10 men.
The winners scored enough
runs in the initial frame for the
margin, making three markers,
Commences lone run came in
the fourth on Shapiro's double
and Wells single.
The feature of the game was
Homan's long home run. Homan,
the first man in the first inning,
looked over two balls of Riley's
shoots and then, on the third
one, smacked it far, wide. and
handsome. 1t was believed that
this round-tripper caused Riley'S
downfall,
The Washington times., 1931-09-25
Ap0ches-IrUingtOn
In Leagues ODener

The South Atlantic Football
League will begin hoStilities Sun.
day, October II, in Griffith Sta
dlum, where the champion
ApacheS battle Irvington, of Bal
timore, at 3 o'clock.
-Four sports writer's were
named as board of arbitra tion
George A. Simpson, Washington
dlmes; Jack Tulloch, Alexandria
Gazette: Andy Kirkpatrick, Balti-
more News and American, and
Walter Haight, Washington Post,
Each team will be limited to
70 players and the league pro
hloits adding players after Noven1.
Der l. The teams also voted not
10 use any player who competes
IN the college circles this wear.