davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24

State of Minnesota, County of st.
LouiS-SS.
IN PROBATE COURT.
In the Matter of the Estate of Joseph
Palcher, Decedent.
The petition of Agnes Palcher, sur
viving spouse of the above named de-
cedent, having been filed in this court,
representing among other things that
Joseph Palcher, then being resident
of the County of ST. Louis, State of
Minnesota, died intestate, in the
County of st. Louis, State of Mime
sofa, on the 30th day of January, 1881,
leaving estate in the County of ST..
Louis, State of Minnesota. consisting
of a homestead situate in st. Louis
County, State of Minnesota, described
as follows to-wit: Lots numbered Two
co and Three 90 in Block One Cd of
Wallis Addition to Ely, of an estimated
value of 100000, and Household Goods
valued at $4,000; all of which prop
erty is claimed to be exempt from ap-
plication toward the payment of debts
of said decedent, and praying that
administration of the estate of said
decedent be granted by the court, and
that the whole of said estate be closed
forthwith and distribution thereof
made.
1T is ORDERED, That said petition
be heard before this Court, at the
Probate Court Rooms in the Court
House, in Duluth, in said County, on
Monday, the 4th day of May, 1881, at
nine o'clock A. M, and all persons
interested in said hearing and in said
matter are hereby cited and required
at said time and place to show cause,
if any there be, why said petition
should not be granted.
ORDERED FURTHER, That this
order be served by publication in THE
ELY MINER, according to law, and
that copy of this order be served on
the County Treasurer of st. Louis
County not less than ten days prior
to said day of hearing.
Dated at Duluth, Mimi, April End,
1881.
BY the Court,
VIM. j. ARCHER,
Attest: Judge of Probate.
Sheldon Watts, Clerk of Probate.
Seal of Probate Court, st. Louis
County, Minnesota
Thos. j. Carey, Attorney. 4-10 4-A
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24
OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS
OF THE -
CITY COUNCIL
CITY OF ELY.
;s;;;;:::::i:::;;;:::
Council Chamber, Ely, Minnesota.
Tuesday, April q, 1881.

Council Chamber, Ely, Minnesota.
Tuesday, April 81, 1881.
REGULAR MEETING.
Regular Meeting of the City Council
was called to order at o'clock P M,
by Mayor Charles Trezona.
Present: Aldermen Banovetz, Homer,
Kapsch, Olson, Tauzell, Wolff, Mayor
Trezona.
Absent: None.
Consideration of the minutes.
Moved by Alderman Olson, sup
ported by Alderman Banovetz, that the
minutes of the Regular Meeting held
April 7, 1881, be approved as recorded
by the Clerk and published. Carried.
The Parks, Grounds, and Buildings
Committee recommended that new
fence be installed at the Cemetery
where necessary.
The matter was referred to the Com
mittee of the Whole.
The Streets, Sewer, and Sidewalk
Committee recommended that steps be
taken to remedy surface drainage at
the south end of 9Th Avenue East
Referred to the Committee of the
Whole.
The Sanitation and Police Commit
tee recommended that action be taken
regarding inflammable rubbish being
scattered about the city.
Referred to the Committee of the
Whole.
Moved by Alderman Homer, sup
ported by Alderman Kapsch, that the
City Clerk be instructed to have the
annual cleanup notices printed. Car
ried.
Financial report of the City Clerk
for the month of March, 1881, was read
and ordered filed
The City Clerk reported the filing of
the 1880 Audit report by Temple BrisS-
man & Company, certified public ac-
countants The 1880 Audit report was
referred to the Committee Of the
Whole for consideration.
A personal injury claim from Mrs.
Emma Brobin, in the amount of $4,000,
for injuries alleged to have been suS-
tanned by falling on a sidewalk in the
city, was read and referred to the
Committee of the Whole.
An opinion from the City Attorney
was read, stating that there was no
liability whatever on the part Of the
city in the Emma Brobin injury case
The opinion was referred to the
Committee of the Whole for consider
alton.
An opinion from the City Attorney
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24

QUESTION be accepted and filed and re-
ferred to the Sales and Purchasing
Committee, with power to act. Carried
A communication from the Commit
tee on Public Welfare of the Ely Com
mercial Club, asking the Council to
take steps to revise the present City
Charter was read.
Moved by Alderman Tauzell, sup
ported by Alderman KapSch, that the
communication be accepted and filed,
and the matter of procedure in the
revision of the City Charter be re-
ferred to the City Attorney to investi-
gate and report. Carried
Applications from the following for
license to sell soft drinks, were read:
l. NJ g. A. Miniature Golf Course;
Lots l, 2, 3, and 4, Block 49,
Conan's Addition to Ely;
2. Henry Cox, doing business as the
City Restaurant; Lot 6, Block 10,
Original Plat.
Moved by Alderman Wolff, supported
| by Alderman BanovetZ, that the ap
plications be accepted and filed, and
license granted each applicant upon
payment of the proper fee. Carried.
Application from Sam Aho for milk
license was read.
Moved by Alderman Homer, sup
ported by Alderman Olson, that the
application be accepted and filed, and
license granted upon the payment of
the proper fee. Carried.
Application of Walter Lampi for a
renewal of his electricians license, was
read
Moved by Alderman Tauzell, sup
ported by Alderman Homer, that the
application be accepted and filed, and
license granted Carried.
Applications from the following for
employment, were read:
Arne A. Stenback
August G. Mack
Victor Novak
Peter Kosnitch
Oscar Berglund
Matt Oberstar, Jr.
Moved by Alderman Banovetz, sup
ported by Alderman Tauzell, that the
applications be referred to the Com
llhCCCS VI VIC vSliOlC. Vail lCo.
Application of Harrison Kidd, house
mover, for permit to move a building
from outside the city limits to a GER
tain unplatted tract of land lying east
of Desjardin's Addition to Ely, was
read.
Moved by Alderman Homer, sup
ported by Alderman Wolff, that the
application be accepted and filed and
permit granted, and the use of the
streets for such moving be under the
supervision of the Street Commissioner
and the Superintendent of the Light
and Water Department Carried
Communication from John Otrin
was read, asking the Council to raise
a part of the sidewalk AUDITING Lot 1,
Block 4, Whiteside's Addition to. Ely
Moved by Alderman Banovetz, sup
ported by Alderman Homer, that the
communication be accepted and filed,
and the matter referred to the Street,
Sewer, and Sidewalk Committee. with
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURES SALE.

Default having been made in the
payment of the sum of $4,000, prin-
cipal. and $18825, interest to date,
which is claimed to be due and Is
due at the date of this notice upon
a certain mortgage, duly executed and
delivered by Mary Kovacic "a widow
mOrtgagor. to the First State Bank of
Ely, Minnesota. corporation. mort
gage, bearing date the goth day of
September, 1927 and with power of
sale therein contained; and whereas
said mortgage is upon registered land
said land being registered in the office
of the Registrar of Titles in and for
st. Louis County, Minnesota on the
18th day o.. January, 1927 at 1000 A.
NJ, as certificate of Titles number
62093 in Volume number 203 at page
SO and the mortgage on said land being
registered in the Office of the Registrar
of Titles in and for ST. Louis County,
Minnesota as document number 103356
on the 18th day of September, 1929 at
600 A. NJ, in Register numebr 203 at
page SO; and it further appearing that
the mortgagor has defaulted in the
payment of taxes in the sum of $92 so
on said land which the mortgage has
paid and no action or proceeding having
been instituted at law or otherwise, to
recover the debt secured by said mort
gage or any part thereof,
NOW THEREFORE NOTICE Is
HEREBY GIVEN, That by virtue OF
the power of sale contained in said
mortgage, and pursuant to the statutes
in such cases made and provided, the
said mortgage will be foreclosed by a
sale Of the premises described in and
conveyed in said mortgage, viz:
Lots numbered ten 1O and eleven
Old in Block numbered six 90
Pioneer and Zenith Addition to
Ely, according to the recorded
plat thereof on file in the Office of
the Register of Deeds in and for
said county and State, SUBJECT,
however, to the exception and res
ervation of the ores, minerals and
mining rights contained in that
certain deed executed by George
L. Brozich ct ux. to William W.
November, 1917 and registered in
the Office of the Registrar of Titles
for ST. Louis County, Minnesota on
the 10th day of November, 1917
in Volume 81 of said registry on
page Is as Document No. 2878o
in st. Louis County, Minnesota with
the Entertainments and appurtenances;
which sale will be made by the Sheriff
of ST. Louis County at the front door
of the Court House in the City of
Duluth in said county and State on
the 10th day of May, 1881 at 1000 A.
NJ. Of that day at Public Vendue to
the highest bidder for cash, to pay
said debt of $4,000, principal, plus
$188.25 as interest, plus $92.52 taxes
and fifty dollars as attorneys
fees, as stipulated in and by said
mortgage In case of foreclosure, and
the disbursements allowed by law in
Guiding any further interest and taxes
paid; subject to redemption at any
time within one year from the date
of sale, as provided by law.
Dated March 25th, 1881
FIRST STATE BANK OF ELY,
Mortgage,
M. j. MURPHY, President,
LEONARD SLABODNIK, Cashier.
Thomas j. Carey, Attorney for Mort
gage, James Bldg, Ely, MINI.
4-3 Sis
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24

stating that there was no liability
whatever on the part of the city III
the Julia Keefe injury case, was read
and referred to the Committee of the
Whole
Report of the City Engineer, recon-
mending the purchase of 10000 gall
Ions, more or less, of cut-back asphalt,
was read.
Moved by Alderman Wolff, supported
by Alderman Banovetz, that the re-
port be accepted and filed and the
City Clerk be instructed to advertise
for bids for 10000 gallons, more or
less, cut-back asphalt, bids to be
opened and considered at a regular
meeting of the City Council to be held
on Tuesday, May S, 1881. Carried.
Report of the City Engineer, show
ing the estimated cost of constructing
concrete sidewalk, curb, and gutter,
and street grading on 9Th Avenue East,
between Chapman and Harvey Streets,
to be S1,175.50, was read.
Moved by Alderman Wolff. supported
by Alderman Olson, that the report of
the City Engineer be accepted and
filed, and the City Clerk be instructed
to publish proper Notice of Hearing On
Proposed Improvement, covering the
proposed construction of concrete side
walk, curb and gutter and street grad
ing on 9Th Avenue East, between Chap
man and Harvey Streets, said hearing
to be held In the Council Chamber at
8 o'clock P. NJ, Tuesday, May S, 1881.
Carried.
The City Engineer submitted the
following reports:
/. Itemized cost Of constructing a
4 inch Fire Protection Main in
Auditors Plat of Chandler Ad-
dition to Ely-$2,004.96;
2. Removing ledge on Semer Place,
Auditors Plat of Chandler Ad-
dition to Ely-$163.07.
Moved by Alderman Banovetz, sup
ported by Alderman Wolff, that the
reports of the City Engineer be ac-
cepted and filed. Carried.
Report of the City Engineer, showing
the estimated cost of certain painting
at the Detention Hospital to be $4,000,
was read.
Moved by Alderman Tauzell, sup
pored by Alderman Banovetz, that the
report of the City Engineer regarding
painting at the Detention Hospital, be
referred to the Committee of the
Whole for consideration. Carried.
Report of the City Engineer, SUBJ
| hitting a list of properties through
which the proposed BURNSIDE Lake
Water Line will be laid, together with
the names of the owners, so far as
known, was read and referred to the
Committee of the Whole.
Requisition from the Superinten-
dent of the Light and Water Depart
ment for certain supplies, and radio
| trouble finder, was read and referred
to the Committee Of the Whole.
Requistion fom the Street Commits
sioner for sundry supplies, including
garbage cans, was read.
Moved by Alderman Wolff, supported
by Alderman Banovetz, that the re-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24

paper nuisance be referred to the
Committee on Sanitation and
Police, in conjunction with the
Chief of Police and Fire Warden,
with power to act.
4. That In the matter of the claim
of Mrs. Emma Brobin for dam
ages, the claim be rejected upon
the recommendation of the City
Attorney and that the report of
the City Attorney be accepted and
placed on file.
5. That in the matter of the injury
to Miss Julia Keefe, the report OF
the City Attorney be accepted and
placed on file.
6. That the City Clerk be instruc-
ted to advertise for bids for the
painting of the Detention HoSpi-
tai, according to specifications on
file, which bids shall be opened at
the next regular meeting.
Z. That the report of the City En-
gineer on the lands traversed by
the proposed water supply line, be
accepted and orderd filed.
8. That the requistion of the Super
intendent of the Light and Water
Department, for general supplies,
be referred to the Committee on
Sales and Purchasing, with power
to act; and the requisition for a
radio trouble finder, be laid on the
table.
9. That the various applications for
City labor be accepted and filed.
10. That the proposal of E. L. Rautio,
covering sprinkler system for the
new City Hall lawn, be filed.
II. That a special melting be called
at the discretion of the Mayor to
consider the 1880 Audit report.
IL. That the following qualified cleo
tors be designated as Jurors for
the Municipal Court for the fol-
lowing term:
Steve Agnich, Uno Alfalfa, Louis
Bazinet, Olof Berglund, Dora Butala,
w. c. Carlson, Louis Champa, Eleanore
Coad, Frank Erchull, Emil A. Erickson
Arthur ForseliuS, Edith F. Gallagher,
Joseph Gerzin, Jr., o. E. Gibson, Molly
Golobich, Helen Hanson, A. E. Harri,
w. D. Haynes, Owney Hegman, Otto
Helia Homer, Jack Jackson, Fred
B. James, j. E. Johnson, Matthias
Kapsch, Hugo Kleemola, Adeline F.
KnutSon, John Kotchevar, Katherine
Larson, Laura Lockhart.
Joseph Mavetz, Jr., Ida Moonan,
Anna Murgel, M. ]. Murphy, Marie
Hilma Olson, Mary Palcher,
L. B. Paulson, j. H. Pete, Henrietta
Rapson.
Phillip Rosenbloom, Lillian M.
Schaefer, j. R. Steele, George Somero,
Doris K. Sutherland, Rose Svetich,
Mary Tauzell, Elizabeth Trezona,
Frank Veranth, ST., Matt Vertin.
Respectfully submitted,
The Committee of the Whole,
BY STEVE A. BANOVETZ, Chairman.
Moved by Alderman Tauzell, sup
ported by Alderman Kapsch, that the
report of the Committee of the Whole
be accepted and filed, and the recon-
mendations be carried out Carried.
Alderman Wolff offered the follow
ing resolution:
RESOLVED, That there be and here
by is transferred from the General
Fund to the Contingent Fund, the sum
of Five Hundred ($5O0.00 dollars.
Alderman Wolff, who offered the
foregoing resolution, thereupon moved
its adoption, which was seconded by
Alderman Olson, and upon being put
to vote was adopted by unanimous
vote as follows:
Ayes: Aldermen Banovetz, Homer,
Kapsch, Olson, Tauzell Wolff, Mayor
Trezona
Noes: None.
Moved by Alderman Kapsch, sup
ported by Alderman Homer, that the
adjourn. Carried
A. 0. KNUTSON,
City Clerk.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1931-04-24

ORDER FOR HEARING ON PETI-
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 1891
1894 G. S. 1923, AS AMENDED BY
CHAPTER 1886 S. L. 1927.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
COMMITTEE FLAYS
U. S. INDIAN OFFICE
Charges Of MaIadministration
Made in Report Submitted
BY Frazier

Washington, Dec. 23.-(AP)-The
Indian office was cited in a senate
committee report Tuesday as ar
example Of bureaucracy gone mad.
Sqaudering of funds belonging tc
the Indians was one of the com.
plants lodged against the office in
the report, laid before the senate by
Chairman Frazier, North Dakota, OF
an Indian affairs subcommittee.
The report charged the bureau
was wasting money belonging to its
wards for it's own maintenance and
said the result was rapid impover-
ishment of Indian tribes.
The committee said Indians hav-
ing to depend largely upon govern
ment aid were in much better con-
dition, comparatively speaking, than
tribes with funds of their own.
The report said New Mexico Pue-
bio Indians were supported largely
by the government, the total expen-
Giture per capita in 1880 being
$38.4O with the Indians contributing
only 70 cents of the amount.
Commenting that they were get
ting an intensive and efficient serv-
ice, the report said there was a
striking contrast" where the In
dians on the Mescalero reservation
were concerned.
The per capita expenditure was
given as S3O6 in 1880 with a tribal
fund expenditure of $163 included
and $163 of the total going to the
agency.
Charges of maladministration
were that the income from the tribal
herd was being obsorbed by the In
dian agency and that the timber
belonging to the Indians was being
squandered ION lot of high priced
employees"
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
Farm Board Requests
Pay for Relief Wheat

Washington, Dec. 23.-(P)-A re-
port from the farm board offering no
objection to the use of its wheat for
unemployment relief but suggesting
the board be repaid by the govern
ment was received Tuesday by Chair
man McNary of the senate agriculture
committee.
The Capper- Wheeler bill to give
100000 bushels to the Red Cross or
such other organizations as President
Hoover might designate is on the SEN
ate calendar, but vote went over un-
til after the holidays.
Chairman Capper, of the subcom-
mittee which dealt with the wheat re-
lief problem, however. said he did not
believe the boards request for pay
ment for the grain would be granted.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
Montanans Guilty
On Federal Count

New York. Dec. 23.-(AP)-
Harry G. Cotter, Of Butte, Mont
convicted of using the mails to de-
fraud in the sale of Cotter-Butte
Mines stock, was sentenced to four
years Imprisonment in Atlanta peni-
tentiary and fined $4,000 by Federal
Judge Goddard Tuesday.
Frank E. Mitterlechner, convicted
with Cotter, was sentenced to two
years Imprisonment and fined 81 900.
The court imposed fine of $500
upon Cotter-Butte Mines, Inc.
Immediately after sentence had
been imposed, Robert H. Elder, rep
resenting Cotter, and Owen S. M.
Tierney, representing Mitterlechner,
obtained an order admitting both
defendants to bail under $1,000 each
pending an appeal. The order was
granted.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
Declares Committee
Made Misstatemente

Washington, Dec. 23.-(Py-In a
quick cor eback to the Nye report t.
the senate charging him with numer-
ous apparent violations Of the corrupt
practices act, Bishop James Cannon
Jr., now accuses the committee Of
making amazing misstatements OF
fact.
Senator Nye presented the results
OF Investigations into the bishops
anti Smith political activities to the
senate Tuesday. Bishop Cannon re-
torted Tuesday night the report zig
nores the main facts" with relation to
some of the contributions and 'mis-
construes the law applicable to them. .
In addition to misstatements OF
fact, he charged the committee with
unwarranted conclusions and reflec-
tions upon "other innocent parties be-
sides myself"
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
Cooking Of Pudding
Ends With Tragedy

Minneapolis, Dec. %. - R-
Preparation of a large pl I'M pud-
ding for q Christmas dinner end
ed in tragedy at the home of AL
fred Stevenson Tuesday.
With the aid of visiting sis
ter, Mrs. Josephine Lockary, 40.
Great Falls, Mont, Mrs. Steven
son prepared the pudding and
placed in in an oven with two
large gas burners going. When
Stevenson returned home he
found Mrs. Lockary on q couch
dead and his wife on the kitchen
floor in a stupor. The fire de-
partment pulmotor squad worked
with Mrs. Stevenson and then
had her removed to st. Mary's
hospital, where she was IN serious
condition Tuesday night.
G. w. Callerstrom, deputy
Hennepin county coroner. said
the death Of Mrs. Lockary was
due to carbon monoxide gas
poisoning.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23
VETERAN DOCTOR MOVES

Fargo, N. D., Dec. 23.-(P)-Dr. NJ
L. Samms, regional medical officer at
the United States veterans hospital
in Fargo, has been transferred to Gin
cinnati, it was announced Wednesday
by c. T. Hoverson, regional veterans
bureau manager.
The Bismarck tribune., 1931-12-23

Leather Gladstone Bags and
all luggage at 20f6 off. Alex
ROsen & Bro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-04
GRAIN MARKET

CHICAGO, March OP.-Rain or
snow predicted for most of the United
States wheat belt resulted in early
lower prices on grains today.
Big primary receipts of domestic
wheat counted also as bearish factor.
and Liverpool reported pressure of offer
ings from Australia.
Opening u cent of to IS up, wheat
afterward underwent an all-around sag.
Corn started at " decline to 4 adj
vance and later kept near to the initial
range.
A slash OF az cents bushel in quo
tations on Australian cargoes at Liver
pool did much to unsettle confidence in
the buying side of wheat. Belgium was
reported as the only transatlantic coun-
try showing any likelihood OF purchas-
ing United States gulf wheat at present
discounts. Tha exception in Belgium
was ascribed to a boycott there on Rus
sian wheat, making the outlook in Bel
GUM different than elsewhere in Eu-
rope.
Primary domestic receipts of wheat
were more than double those Of a year
ago. 1,469,000 bushels against 1,145,000
on the corresponding day last week.
Sales of 100000 bushels into store in
Chicago was also indicative of accunu-
lating stocks with no adequate outlet.
Corn primary arrivals also bulked large,
totaling 1,2T8,000 bushels, compared
with TAI, 900 week ago and 967, 900 at
this time last year. Oats were easier
following corn and wheat.
Provisions responded to upturns in
hog values
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-04
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET

CHICAGO, March R Omitted
States Department of Agricultural -
Hogs, Is, 900 head, including 5000 direct:
steady to 10 lower than yesterdays
average; l50-220 pounds, 7.25a750 top,
6.25a6.75; strong weights and light
lights, 7.00a7.40; packing sows, 6.00a
6.25: light light, good and choice. 140-
100 pounds, 715a7.50: light weight 160-
200 pounds, 7.35a750; medium weight.
200-250 pounds, 7.00a7.50; heavy
weight, 250-350 pounds, 6,60a7.20;
packing sows, medium and good, 275-500
pounds, 5.90a6.35; slaughter pigs, good
and choice, 100-130 pounds, 6.40a7.15.
Cattle, 5000 head; calves, $500 head;
fed steers and yearlings strong to IS
higher; better grades showing most adj
vance, largely on shipper account; COM
mon and medium grade offerings selling
at $50 downward; rather slow, but
scarce; bulk, 7.25a9.50, with extreme
top, 11.25 paid for 1,110-pound aver
ages; best heavies, 1915; all grades she
stock higher; vealers, 50a1.00 lower.
Slaughter cattle and vealers: Steers.
good and choice, 100000 pounds, 8.75a
1,100-1 800 pounds, 925a11.50; 1900
$500 pounds, 9.25a11.75; common" and
medium, COOL 800 pounds, 6.00a9.25;
heifers, good and choice, 550-850
pounds, 7.25a9.75; common and me-
dunn, 5.25a7.50; cows, good and choice.
5.00a6.0 90; common and medium, 4.00a
500; low cutter and cutter, 3.00a4.00;
bulls (yearlings excluded good and
choice (beef), 4.25a5,75; cutter to me-
dunn, 3.5Oa440; vealers milk fed.
good and choice, 6.50a8.i0; medium,
6.O0a6.50; Gull and common, 4.00a6.00.
Stocker and feeder cattle: Steers, good
and choice, 500-1 ,050 pounds, 700a8.00;
common and medium, 4.75a7.00.
Sheep, 5000 head; tat lambs, 10a15
lower than yesterdays decline; other
classes steady; few good to choice
lambs, SO pounds down, 8.00a8.25;
early top, SIS to outsiders; fat ewes.
4.00a4.75; lambs, 80 pounds down, good
and choice, 8.00a8.85; medium, LISA
800; 91-100 pounds, medium to choice,
7.00a8.75; all weights, common, 6.00a
7.25; ewes, 90-150 pounds, medium to
choice, 3.50a5.00; all weights, Gull and
common, 200a4.o0: feeding lambs,
COTS pounds, good and choice, 7.75asS5.