Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-23
EncyclicaI, Issued Today,
Calls Modern Business Life
lizard and Cruel"
SOCIALISM AND REDS
CONDEMNED BY PONTIFF
Power of Wealth "Has Led to Deg
radiation of Majesty of State" He
Says in "Quadragesimo Ammo"
ny the Associated Press.

ny the Associated Press.
VATICAN CITY, May %. - Pope
Plus XXI in his encyclical on labor, made
public today, characterizes the modern
economic world as a dictatorship" de-
scribes the modern business life as
hard and cruel in CHASTITY measure"
and calls for a return to the justice OF
God in laying down the rules of con-
duct for capital and labor in their mu-
tual relations.
God and His goodness, he wrote. too
often are lost sight of in the struggle
for wealth, and riches often become a
great evil. The encylical condemns all
forms of Socialism and Communism.
Premier Mussolini's cooperative state,
with which the Pope has clashed more
than once, although it is not mentioned
in the encyclical by name, is described
as possibly risking 1.-The serving or par
ticular political aims rather than con-
tributing to the imitation Of better
social order"
Many fear, said the Pope, that the
new syndical and cooperative institution
possesses excessive bureaucratic and po-
iitical character" and that "the state
Is substituting itself in the place OF pri-
vate initiative
The 20,0oo-word document, entitled
"Quadragesimo Anno,'' is in celebration
of the fortieth anniversary of the en-
cyclical Rerum Novarum issued by Pope
Leo XIII.
whole Scene Held Changed.
Since Pope Leo wrote, the Pontif
said. the entire economic scene has
changed tremendously. Immense pow
er and despotic economic domination"
are concentrated in the hands OF few
who frequently are not owners put
merely trustees and directors OF IN
vested funds.
The encvclicaI upholds the rights of
private property, but asserts that these
rights depend upon the obligations OF
ownership, which 1t is function OF the
state to define.
The Pontiff, in suggesting solution
for unemployment, said: Investment
of superfluous income IN providing ia
vorabls opportunities for employment, as
Stunning that the labor employed produces
results which are really useful, Is TO be
considered an act Of real liberality par
ticularly appropriate 70 the needs OF our
time"
State Held Degraded.
Economic dictatorship, the encyclical
asserts. has led to the degradation Of
the majesty of the State because OF
''intermingiing and Scandalous confIls-
ing of the duties and ofhces OF civil au-
thority and of economic.
Concentration of power, the PontiR
said. leads to a fierce battle for con-
troll of the state, $50 that its resources
and authority may be abused in eco
nomic struggles"
The remedy for the present economic
evils the Pontid wrote, is return 10
the principles Of right. reason and
Christian social philosophy" regarding
mutual cooperation of capital and
labor.
Relations between capital and labor; "
he wrote, must be determined accord
ing TO the laws Of strictest justice, sup
ported by Christian charity.
The encyclical demands that free
conr stition and economic domination
b. Kept within just and definite limits
end be brought under the effective con-
troll Of public authority.
Urges Ample Wages.
Those who work, the Pontif said,
SHOULD have an ample sufficiency in
the form Of wages which will enable
the workers family to live decently and
to accumulate a certain moderate
ownership"
Wage contracts, said the Pope, are
not essentially unjust, but under pres
ent conditions he advocated some form
Of partnership such as already has been
tried Wages, he said. must be based
on the kind Of labor, the general pros
perity Of the world and the condition
Of business. He adds a word of praise
for wage systems which increase the
workers pay as his family burdens in
crease.
Unemployment, nc said, is a dread
full scourge," and referring to the pres
ent depression, 1T causes misery and
temptation TO the lsborer, ruins the
prosperity of the nations and endangers
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