davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29

| Central held around 50 up l s-4; Atchison 107 up 2 IA from the previous close and points from the early low; and Chesapeake & Ohio 30 7-S up l 5-S. Union Pacific touched 99 1-2 and then came back to 100 3-4 where 1t was stil loff 1 IA points. au.s. .,u
 Firmness in the railroad shares had a steady effect on the gen. eral market. Traders were pick ing up rail shares on the belief a compromise agreement would be reached between railroad heads and the brotherhoods whereby the latter would take a temporary wage reduction to- tide over the carriers in their present crisis.
 Steel common ruled firm in the industrials, two points above its early low and a fraction over the previous close. Bethlehem Steel made a new low at 22 5-S in the early trading, but later came back to "A up 1-2 point net. Directors of that company meet after the close to-day to act on the dividend and publish the earnings state ment. Profits are expected to be none or negligible and the dividend is not considered safe.
 Utilities made small gains.
 At 1880 the Dow-Jones indus trial average was at 100.79 up 0.27; railroad 50.10 up 0.34 and utility 39:53 up 0.04. Sales to 1880 totalei 100000 against 1,300.000 shares in the corresponding period yes terday.
 New York, October 29 -(UP) - Stocks declined fractionally to. day following their wide break yesterday. ..t
 The pace slowed down a few minutes after the opening when the overnight selling orders had beer disposed of but prices were little changed from the opening.
 Steel common opened at GA 1-4 off IA and then eased fractionally from that level. Small losses were noted in American Telephone, Pub. lie Service, Radio-Keith, Lorillard Lowe's. Montgomery-W Ward. and National Biscuit.
 Westinghouse Electric held steady at the previous close of A 1-2, while General Motors and Chrysler moved up small amounts Rails were mixed in marrow range with Pennsylvania, which yesterday pared its annual divi- dend from 8 to $2. up 1-s al 30 1-8.
 The London stock market react ed after it's rally of yesterday, the latter based on the sweeping con servative victory. To-day's dror was in line with the break at New York after the London market closed yesterday.
 The pound sterling sold off more on lack of buying than any press ure. Bonds at New York were ir- regular with foreign Issues failing to continue their recent ascent. Cotton futures eased 8 to 10 points; sugar was unchanged to 1 point higher.
 The market was in contrast with that of two years ago today. At that time the 1929 reaction had reached its height and stocks were thrown overheard faster than brok- esr could handle the transactions. Sales in the first half hour on Oc- tober 2s. 1929. crossed the 3.000.- 900 share mark; tickers ran be- hind more than two hours and the days total reached the all time high of more than 16,000.0oo shares.
 Today's movements were very narrow and volume so small that tickers barely moved. The tape was idle for several seconds with both buyers and sellers holding aloof awaiting some definite indi- cation of trend.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
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lit and holding it aloft rushed up- Istairs to Edison with a lamp that | Ihad completed 1889 hours of run ming time. s.Now, Hammer, we have com mercial lamp," exclaimed Edison. "We will stop all tests and experi- ments and go into the manufacture at once"
 Then came the big parade about the laboratory and grounds. And after an hour and half of cheer | ingsand shouting. the men returned to work. "
 Get that? After achieving suc- cess on one of the worlds greatest kinyentions, Edison regarded it as | all in a nights work. Instead of a holiday the laboratory immediately buckled down to the next mystery. And they lost only an hour and 9 half of time. Not only did the laboratory iorce return to work. but Edison lssueu orders for the beginning of the nfst rnerciai incandescent lamp fac tory in the world and sent Francis R linton and Hammer to turn the Edison electric pen works into 8 iamp factory. In their first year they turned out the first 50,000 commercially used incandescen! llamps in the world. The first lamp in the big wind tunnel at the U. 5. factory was pitched less than mile from the factory in an ola building which at one time nad housed the Edison idea of the au- tomatic pen.
 
 The idea of illuminating world caught Hammers imagination and he rushed about like a madman putting the place in order. By means of an overhead cable the lamp factory was supplied With all of its electrical juice directly from the laboratory three-quarters of a mile away. This was incident ally an achievement of the great est magnitude. The lamp factory really gave to the world the first demonstration of how current could be distributed successfully. Not until mankind learned this secret would superpower ever De anything more than dream. And the direct forerunner of all the agitation that is going on to-day for superpower was that hrst ex- pertinent of Thomas A. Edison in supplying his lamp factory with electrical power and light from a distance of three-quarters of a mile. At the time it was to be ranked with one of Edison's great est contributions to the electrical art.
 The final chapter to the Edison incandescent lamp was written In the laboratories of the General Electric corporation. There scien- lists put into use tungsten, discov- cred after Edison's carbonized bamboo filaments.
 Tungsten brought perfection. It is one of the most refractory sub stances in the world and can be drawn out like a cobweb. It does not melt under the highest voltage and it Is sufficiently resistant to the flow of current that 1t gives off a blaze of light. Lamps of 150,00o candlepower have been made re- gently and lamps down to the size of a pea as well.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29

the district convention of Lions clubs at the Hotel Bond at, Hart ford on November IS led by Presi- dent E. Norton Decker. They will hear the international president, Julian flyer of Texas.
 The inter-club bowling contests started to-day at 5 o'clock at Gen lots. A banquet will mark the end of the season at which time prizes to the high scorers will be cfyon
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
By WILLIAM JOSEPH HAMMER Lifelong Friend and Scientific As sociate of Thomas A. Edison, as
 Told to Willis J. BaIlinger

SOCtAtG Ok @1IAUhuu6 IA EOASOAhs us
 Told to Willis J. Ballinger
 Copyright, 1881. NEA Service.
 Inc.)
 Thomas A. Edison's first prog ress in perfecting the commercial electric lamp was to try to remedy the shortcomings of platinum.
 First he mixed it with iridium. This made the comparatively soft metal hard as steel. He could scratch glass with it. Also it would take a far higher dose of current without melting.
 Then he heated the filament slowly and repeatedly and found that he thus drove out secluded gases in the pores of the metal and greatly increased its denseness and powers of resistance to heat. s In this way, he increased the candlepower of his indandescent lamp up to 30 candlepower. Pre- ceding lamps had been able to gen. crate only fractional part of this candlepower.
 Then Edison, although he had far surpassed the efforts of others with platinum. decided to get rid of platinum for his filaments. Problems still chung to his efforts. How could he get an inexpensive filament and one of greater me- chanical strength? How could he generate more candlepower at higher efficiency?
 He suddenly switched from platinum and metallic oxides to carbon. He made his first carbon filaments of sewing thread; these he used in his first carbon lamp on October 21, 1879. This lamp lasted 40 hours. He next experimented with paper. Paper was cut out in the shape of horseshoe for the current to pass through. These paper horseshoes were placed in nickel molds and heated at high temperature, thus forming the carbon filaments. The. ends of the carbonized horseshoe filaments were mounted in platinum clamps which held the Ailments inside the vacuum casing. But the carbonlzed paper horseshoe was fragile and lasted but short time. It had a low efficiency, though higher than Edison's first carbonized thread lamp of october 21, 1S79-the  hailed by the world as the solu- ton to incandescent lighting. Menlo Park was illuminated with the famous paper horseshoe lamps on December 31, 1879.
 Two final steps remained. Edi, son was securing the earth for some substance that would be more resistant to an electric cur rent and would possess greater mechanical strength, and thereby make a lamp last longer, and a material that could absorb a much heaovier dose of current.
 Edison began experimenting with vegetable fibers of many kinds, from all over the world. From far-away Japan the missing substance came. There are 5000 varieties of bamboo. but only about 400 are used in commerce. The
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29

terday's bulge poured into the
 market throughout the early trad ing but relaxed somewhat toward the close. Losses predominated, government obligations losing from Ia to one point each.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
PoINcARE RECOVERING

Paris, Oct 2s-(UP)-Raymond Poincare is regaining his health but still is unable to return to ac- tive politics. the former president of the republic informed the United Press to-day.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
Trading Dull

London. Oct 20. (UP)-Trading turned dull in the closing dealings on the Lonson stock Exchange to- day after the market had re1in- guished a good part of the gains scored yesterday on the buliish election results.
 Pront-takin< attracted by yes
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29

"Madake" variety of bamboo, which grew in the hilly districts of Japan, had a peculiar eight sided cell. This gave it great structural strength and high re- sistance. In tests 1t proved to be very resistant to the current and tough enoubh to take a tremen- dous dose without breaking. And so by means of the carbonized bamboo filament. Edison turned the trick.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
By the Man Who ED10ON Knew Him Best

To Wills J. BslIinssr

EDITORS NOTE: This is the seventh of IF exclusive stories on Thomas A. Edison by Major wil- liam Joseph Hammer, his scien- tific associate and lifelong friend, who reveals the human side of tlle great inventor.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29
CIAINTs BIC EGG RECORD

South Hadlsy. Mass.--Albert Y. Wilkinson says bullet at his poui- ! try farm laid an egg n'ne inches
 long. seven and one-haif inches .b diameter. and i've and one-haif ounces in weight.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-29

NEXT: Edison's greatest tnven- tions. His telegraph HIS carbon transImitter. -. Failures as well as successes. Living . life of service and caring little Tor money.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
TEXANS TO INVADE EAST FOR HARVARD,
 NAVY GRID GAMES

DALLAS, Tex, Oct. l7.-Even though Texas oil is selling at rec ord low prices, 1t is not going to interfere with Texans witnessing two big intersectional football com- bats this fall.
 The University of Texas Long horns journey to Cambridge, Mass, to battle Harvard, October "A. The Southern Methodist Mustangs will gallop into Annapolis to play Navy November 21.
 Trailing the Longhorns and Mus tangs to these games will be sev- eral thousand Texans riding special trains from Dallas, Houston, Fort Worth, Fl Paso, Waco, Wichita Falls, Beaumont and other cities.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
TOWNSEND AND WALKER FIGHT
 10 ROUND BOUT
W an C ouver Welterweight Given Big Ovation in
 Madison Square

NEW YORK, Oct. Billy Townsend Vancouver, B. C., well terweight, fought bruising ten round draw with Paulie Walker, of Trenton, N. J., last night. It was the feature bout of an all-star card in Madison Square Garden.
 Townsend got a big ovation from the first gong.
 Townsend was on top of Walker swinging rights and lefts, but the more experienced Walker landed many blows.
 When the gong sounded for the start of the final round, Town send rushed out from his corner and said: Come on Paulie, let's go."
 Townsend took the round to make the bout a draw.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
DIXIE GRID TEAM
 MAKES LONG JUMPS

CLINTON, Miss, Oct. 17.-Mis- sissippi Colleges Choctaw football squad can lay claim this year to the travel record between inter sectional contests.
 On October 21 Coach Stanley Robinson's eleven will meet Col gate at Hamilton, N. Y. On Decem- Der an international battle with the University of Mexico is booked at Mexico City.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
"COPYRIGHT" BOYS
 PLAYING FOOTBALL

MOSCOW. Id a ho, Oct. IT, Trade" and Mark" two beard less Smiths not related, make up pair of embryo University of Idaho quarter backs from whom much is expected this fall.
 Trade" shown on the official roster as Willis Smith of Boise Idaho, is a 150-pound shifty open field runner. Mark" is Earl Smith of Filler He tips the beam at 190 and is good line plunger and a long punter.
 Trade" and Mark" as they have been dubbed by their team mates, alternated at quarter on last years freshman eleven.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
HARRY SABIN ROLLS
 BEST SCORE; BRAVES
 WIN THREE STRAIGHT

Harry Sabin's fine bowling was mighty factor in the Yankees two victories over the Cardinals on the Elks Club alleys last night. He rolled 223 in his first game for high score of the evening and also got high average, 186.
 The Cubs could not maintain the winning streak they started Thurs day night and slipped farther into the cellar when they dropped three straight to the Braves. Wander Leest and Jack Davis featured this contest by their steady work.
 The only match this evening will be played between the White Sox and the Senators.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
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NALAN GOULD = 1xSSS8SsSAT5S 1xS8sS7Aa TF55S3S SssSEss

If the official check-up of Na- tional league batting figures bears cut the unofficial returns and de- priyes Bill Terry of his crown by the margin of .0O03 separating him from Chick Hafey of the Cardinals the first baseman of the Giants can't blame it on the weather and daylight saving time.
 The race for the older circuit s batting crown this year was three cornered with Jim Bottomley stag ing a late rush to take part.
 It went down to the last day of the season, September 27, which happened to mark the return of standard time to the metropoli- tan area.
 The Giants played double head CT with Brooklyn as finale. Ter ", in the second game, registered a hit that put him in front of Kafey and at the top of the batting heap by fractional margin but it was getting dark rapidly.
 Play finally was halted by dark ness after four innings, the. game declared no contest and Terry thereby robbed of the hit that meant so much to him.
 On the unofficial averages com piled by Al Munro Elias, Hafey, Terry and Bottomely finished with- in less than one-thousandth of a point of each other in the closest race the National league has ever had for it's batting crown.
 To parallel it cannot recall any, thing so close. since 1910, the year that Napoleon Lajoie, the great Cleveland second baseman, failed by a single margin to catch Ty Cobb on the last day of the sea- son.
 Lajoie, as I >recollect the circum- stances, collected five or six hits on the final day of the season but finished with 1885 to Cobb's 1886.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
GIVE BONUS
 TO CHARITY

HOUSTON, Tex, Oct. 17.-This years Houston Buffaloes of the Texas league will go down as one 'of the most unusual ball clubs Of history.
 The players held a meeting, de- clined to accept a pennant fund started by fans and asked that the money be given to charity instead.
 Houston players reaped approxi- mately $1,000 each from the an- nual Dixie series with the Southern Association champions
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
Uniformity Looms in Majors

The new ball IS here to stay, in the opinion of John A. Heydler, the National leagues president. He feels it has brought back playing features that appeal to the fans and resulted in better baseball, for the onlookers as well as the play CTS.
 So far the American league has seen eye-to-eye with it's associate only in raising the stitches of the baseball The National league balls cover is thicker and therefore "deader' than the American league ball.
 By another season the younger league may adopt both measures for fortifying the defense and thereby put the sluggers of the two circuits on an even basis.
 AS it stood this year, Ruth and Gehrig, the home run twins, had running start on any of their National league rivals.
 They were hitting the ball that responded more enthusiastically to the bats massaging than the ball hit by Chuck Klein, Mel Ott, Hack Wilson and Chick Hafey.
 Consequently, no particular pres tige accrued to the American league for regaining the home run hon. ors.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17

marks have been closer to 400 than $50.
 HornSby averaged over 400 for five successive years, 1921 1925, Lef- ty O'Doul topped the list in 1929 with .398 and Terry was king of the batsmen last year with the spectacular mark of .401.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
BASKETBALL GREATS PLAY
 FOOTBALL FOR OLD LINERS

COLLEGE PARK, Md. Oct. 17- Four of the five regulars of the University of Maryland's Southern conference basketball champions last year are members of the var sity football team this season.
 They are Jack Norris, who plays end, Bozey Berger, Shorty Chalm- CTS and Charlie May, halfbacks
 All are three-letter men. Berger and Chalmers play baseball as their third sport, while May and Norris are lacrosse stars.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
WILL BATTLE
 ON CR|D|RON

BATON ROUGE, La, Oct. IT, Louisiana State university's foot ball team this year is led by a fighter, and one of it's chief scoring threats is another fighter Big Ed" Khoury is heavyweight boxer and captain of the football team, while Joe Almokary, a high scorer, made a good showing in the light heavyweight class.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
WORLD RIFLE SHOOT
 COMES TO U. 5. iN '32

WARSAW, Poland, Get 17.-The World Rifle Shooting Congress, meeting at Low recently, decided to accept an invitation to conduct a rifle shooting competition in the United States in 1882.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17

Chevrolet connecting rods are matched In sets of six to sCithtn One-qu0rter ounce, and are tndipidIGily fitted by hand to the cvanksIs1ff. Beavirss arc of Babbift metal cost into the vods under heocy air pves- sure and at 800 deHrees Fahrenheit.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17

793 769 ITO 2332 Average; did not bowl.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
OLYMPICs TO SEE HORSES

LCS ANGELES, Cal, Oct. IT, The worlds finest and best train ed horses will be collected here in the summer of 1882 for the eques- trian events of the Olympic games, Maj. General Guy " Henry, chair man of the Modern Pentathlon committee, reports.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
Dead" Ball Felt

Dtau DdH TtU
 The effect of the less-lively ball in National league hitting cir cles is sharply evident with the best averages a shade below $50 for the season, the lowest mark since Edd Roush led the circuit in 1919 with a figure of .321.
 This was just before the advent of the jack rabbit" sphere and the era of long range firing featured by Babe Ruth.
 Bubbles Hargrave of the Reds led the league with mere 1853 in an cff-season for the sluggers, 1926, but otherwise the National league
The Daily Alaska empire., 1931-10-17
FIvE-TIME CHAMPION FALLS

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, Oct. IT. -Of the 20 state amateur golf tournaments in California. five were won by J. F. Neville, includ- ing the first one in 1912. He was eliminated in the second round this year.
The Washington times., 1931-09-14
379 MILES SETS
AIR RECORD

LONDON, Sept. IA GN.SD.
The new world speed record set
by Flight Lieutenant G. H. Stain
forth in the Schneider Cup races
yesterday was officially an
nounced by the Royal Aero Club
today as 379.05 miles an hour.
The speed was first given as 1861
miles an hour.
The Schneider trophy, en-
hIematic of airplane speed SUI
premacy, now rests permanently
ia British hands.
Britain gained permanent pos,
session Of the coveted cup when
Flight Lieutenant j. N. Boothman
fIew 2l7 miles over the Schneider
Cvp course at an average speed Of
34O.O8 miles an hour, after which
lieutenant Stainforth set his new
world record.
on the second lap of his flight:
stainforth achieved speed OF
fO4.265 miles an hour.
The Washington times., 1931-09-14
BEER WILL GIVE
JOBS, CLAIM
RUSSELL
Continued From Page y

CONTINUED From, Page y
own" He predicted that relief
needs for the city would be
greater this winter than last.
Beware of Hysteria"
Strawn said there was no tell
ing when bad times would end,
but. warned against hysteria.
John r. Alpine, director Of the
United States Employment Service
and representing Secretary Of La
Dor Doak,. made an optimistic
speech to the conference, declar.
ing there were plenty of jobs
available and many of the army
of unemployed will be back to
work this winter.
Wants Shorter Week
Representing william Green,
president Of the American Fedora
tiOn Of Labor. Dudley C. Roberts
laid before the meeting q plea
for immediate adoption of 4 five
day week and Six.hOur day.
Roberts declared it was the
duty of President Hoover to call
a conference of workers and en-
ployers to provide assurance that
workers who have jobs now will
not lose them.
All controversial issues have
been banned by officials in charge
of the conference. This was
taken to mean that such subjects
as full cash payment of the sold
iers' bonus and proposed increases
and extensions Of the world war
pension act will be tabooed.
The LegfOnnaires, however, have
no assurance that representatives
of capital and industry will agree
to Side-traCking these issues.
The Washington times., 1931-09-14
BOMBING SCORE
SETS RECORD

Lieut.. Merrill D. Burnside, 1418
Newton st. N. w., today was de-
clared one of the winners Of the
air target contest at Langley Field,
Va, according to the War Depart
ment.
A total of Is teams from the
various Air Corps organizations
of the United States took part in
the annual test in firing machine
guns and dropping bombs at Lang
ley Field.
Lieut.. Robert T. Cronau, pilot,
and Lieutenant Burnside, observer,
made a new record in bombing
competition. Dropping bombs from
attitudes of 5000 to 5000 feet,
this team scored 1894 points out
Of q possible 1000.
The Washington times., 1931-09-14
President Now Can
Give Up Medicine
Ball Game

Over the fence is out, in
some sandlot games. But when
a ball goes over the fence into
the front yard of the Presi.
dent of the United States, it
means that particular ball is
out of the game permanently
and even longer.
At least, the inter-city game
between Baltimore and Wash.
ington teams on the north
EllipSe diamond demonstrated
this yesterday, when one ball
after another fouled into the
White House lawn.
After the balls were all over
on Mr.. Hoover's play-yard, the
game was halted until some
more could be bought.
The Washington times., 1931-09-14
DRY LAW HIT BY
j, 8. JUDGE
Staff Photo

NEW YORK, Sept. 1.-THE
prohibition law is "fanatical and
unreasonable" and should be re-
placed with a substitute, in the
opinion of Federal Judge William
B. Sheppard, of florida. who has
spent IS years on the Federal
bench and who has spent the
summer hearing cases in the
Federal district court Of Brook
lyn. Judge Sheppard said:
81 am frank to say that in
my experience Of IL years with
prohibition enforcement it (the
law) has not accomplished pro-
hibitiOn, and it never win. The
attempt ut enforcement has
entailed = waste Of energy and
public money. Ths best policy
for the Government to adopt
would be to try out light wines
and beer, to be allowed in the
homes and with meals, and
the distribution of hard liquor
at dispenSaries.
Everyone knows that . law
with which the majority of the
public is out Of sympathy can.
not be enforced. I cannot but
believe that the Government is
capable Of regulating the use
of beverages without going to
the extreme Of prohibition