davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-06
BY REX COLLIER.

and horrible torture devices. The rack the
wheel and the thumb screw were European in
ventiOns. The iron boot, used in medieval
times, was importation from the Orient.
Old Russia had the "knout," knotted rope,
impregnated with tar, and used as q lash, or
there was the threat of Siberian exile.
The Moros of the Philippine Islands once OBJ
tanned results with the ant cure" The sus-
left to endure the bites of the enraged insects.
CXACT origin of the name third degree" is
uncertain. Richard Sylvester former
Washington police chief once told the Inter-
national Association Of Chiefs of Police of q
plausible origin.
I'm police and criminal procedure and prac-
tice" he declared, "the officer of the law adj
ministers the first degreN, so called, when he
makes the arrest. When taken to the place Of
confinement, there Is the second degree When
the prisoner is taken into private quarters and
there Intercepted to his goings and COM
ingS, or asked to explain what he may be doing
with Mr.. Browns broken Nnd dsmantled jewell
ry in his possession, to take off o rubber heeled
shoe he Is wearing in order to compare it with
footprint In burglarizei premises, or even
to explain the blood stains on his hands and
clothing-that alphabetically, illustrates what
would be called the third degree" '.'- IN
The Wickersham Commission calls the third
degree "a secret and illegal practice employing
methods which inf1ict suffering, physical or
mental upon. n person in order to obtain In
formation about o crime" -
Because Of its secret nature, the extent ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-06

The type Of torture employed in this case Ia
known popularity as 1.-The water cure" an ancient
form Of the third degree except that the in
genious Mssissippians can claim as their own
idea the use of the prisoner as a door mat.
In fact, the third degree in most Of its funda-
mental forms is as old as the history books,
and older. The Pharaohs of Egypt used tor
ture to force prisoners to confess. So did the
ancient Chinese.
The water cure" by the way, is said to have
had It's origin in the Far East. Oriental cunning
is credited with devsing many Of the more
inai suspects In its original form the water
cure consisted in letting water drop with monot-
onous regularity on the face of the victim, who
was chained in spread eagle" fashion to the
floor of his cell. few days Of this incessant
pelting by the seemingly harmless drops Of
water often resulted in insanity, it is said.
Civilization has effected Improvements" to
this scheme. The dipper technique developed
in Mississippi is but a crude makeshift, COM
pared to processes described by authoritative
observers in some Of our large cities. The more
modern way is to suspend a hose over the
recalcitrant prisoners face and regulate the
flow of water with a spigot.
The ancient Chinese found the rat cure most
efacacious of all. The victim was stripped to
the waist bound to the floor on his back and
given an opportunity to plead guilty. If he
was obstinate bronze bowl of rats was in
verted against his abdomen. Heat was applied
to the bowl forcing the rodents to seek an
exit. The prisoner usually made fun con-
fession without further delay.
The Spanish Inquisition developed many new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-06

HE prisoner lay upon the floor, face
up, unable to move. His hands,
tied behind him, served as a cushion
= for his back. His feet were not
shackled but were held down by
the weight of several men who
stood upon his ankles.
Another man stepped forward with q bucket
of water and dipper. This man placed one
foot on the heaving chest of the proStrate form
on the floor. The other foot he planted
squarely across the neck of the prisoner.
The man with the bucket found it somewhat
difficult to balance himself without spilling the
water, prematurely. He scooped up a dipper
of water from the bucket and began pouring
the contents slowly onto the terrified face be-
meath him. The water, aimed at the nostrils,
nearly strangled the helpless victim.
When the dipper empty, the shoe was
lifted from the prisoners throat and the in
quisitors asked him question-one that he
had heard repeatedly during the past hour.
Previously he had replied negatively to that
question. This time-the dipper had been re-
filled and was about to be tilted again over his
noSe-this time he gasped an affirmative answer.
Another murder mystery had been Solved"
The culprit had confessed.
fiction? Not at all. An actual instance of
modern use of the third degree, described
by the Wickersham Commission in it's volumi-
nous report on "lawlessness in law enforce
naent"
This case was found of record in the courts
of Mississippi. The incident occurred @ few
years ago at Holly Ridge, Miss. The prisoner
who confessed" was Negro farm hand, 10
years Of age. His torturers were group OF
self-appointed vigilantes. He was convicted Of
the murder Of q white storekeeper But an in
di0nant Appellate Court excluded the "confeS-
sion" and reversed the conviction. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-06

its survival in this era of enlightment has been
O matter of conjecture.
Those who employ it either will not talk or
else will make formal denial of its existence
the law enforcement body declared. THE VIC
Tins are likely either to present exaggerated or
even fabricated accounts to further their ends
or to decline to talk because of fear of police
retaliation. Police reporters know q great
deal, but they are dependent upon the police
for their information, and are often likewise
reticent."
Department of Justice investigators en-
countered such difficulties as those mentioned
in pursuing their inquiry into third degree
practices of the Capitals police force.
The third degree, as defined by the PreSis
dents Commission on Law Observance and En-
forcement embraces mental as well as physical
cruelty. AS an example of mental torture the
commission cited the celebrated Wan case of q
few years ago. The cure" in that case was not
an incessant pelting with water but with ques-
TONS The accused Chinese prisoner was quizzed
almost continuously, night and day, for more
than week. He confessed orally on the
seventh day, signed prepared statement on
the twelfth day and collapsed short time af-
terward. His conviction in the lower courts
was reversed by the United States Supreme
Court, which held the confessions involuntary
and hence inadmissible
There are many other varieties of mental
torture Of record in American courts.
NNE Of the favorite psychological tests IS
Ito have the suspected murderer view the
body Of the victim under the most eerie cons
ditions Usually the prisoner Is taken to the
morgue and forced to stand beside the CORPSE
for hours, and often TO feel the clamrny face
or hands OF the murdered person. In Miami
-. s~d 4
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29

tendance officers section at Central
Christian church Thursday.
Biology section meetings at WASH
ington high school will open at 10.
Joint sessions Of biology, chemistry
and physics departments will be
held at 2.
Technical high school pupils will
present "A Session of the Roman
Senate" at the meeting Thursday
morning of the classical section at
the Masonic temple. A luncheon
meeting at the Spink-Arms will be
featured by discussion of the state
Latin contest. Meetings in the aft
ernoon will be at Meridian Street
Methodist Episcopal church.
High school courses in salesman
ship, bookkeeping, and typewriting
will be discussed at the commercial
section meeting Thursday at the Y.
w. G. A.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
DRAFT BILL TO
END POORHOUSE
A. F. of L. Pension Proposal
for Legislatures.

BIZ Scripps-H 0tcGrd Newspaper Alliance
WASHINGTON, Sept. 20. = A
model old-age pension law through
which the states may abate the
"poorhouse terror" has been pre-
pared by the American Federation
of Labor's executive committee for
submission to the state legislatures.
The model bill follows the Della
ware law more closely than any of
the other sixteen old-age pension
laws now operating, but it is unlike
any Of them in its details. 1t pro-
vides for a pension for INDECENT citi-
zens at siXty-flve years of age,
whose annual incomes do not ex-
coed $468 and who have no property
in excess of $4,000.
1t fixes the maximum pension at
SO week and provides that the
fund shall be supplied by the state
in lieu of the costly upkeep of poor
farms" Whereas many of the ex-
isting laws provide that the coun-
ties may adopt pensions, this law
provides that they must.
The A. F. of LIS model bill, care
fully drawn by the federation's
economic and legal advisors, has the
approval of the American Associa-
ton for Old Age Security A vigor-
Gus drive for its universal adoption
will be begun at the coming fedora
ton convention in Vancouver next
month, when affiliated bodies will
be called on to push the measure in
the states.
While backing the state law, the
federation also is supporting federal
aid to states for old-age pensions.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
WINS RELEASE
ON CHARGE OF
POOL SELLING
Archie AriSeI Is Dismissed
When Warrant Claim Is
Sustained.

Contending that he was arrested
without a search warrant. Archie
Arisel, 2444 North Talbot street, won
his fight for dismissal of pool sell
ing and operating a lottery charges
before Municipal Judge William H.
Sheaffer today.
Arisels attorney said the ar
rested mans automobile was forced
to the c,.rb by Sergeant Edwin
Kruse at Ohio and Alabama streets
after a chase from Capitol avenue
and market streets.
Kruse searched the automobile
without obtaining a search war
rant, it was charged.
In the car, police said, was found
100 books of pool tickets and al
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
WIDE RANCE OF
TOPICS SLATED
FOR TEACHERS
Section Meetings Planned
for Annual Convention
Here Act. q, 20.

Subjects ranging from "The
Greeks of Today" to problems in
Teaching Typewriting" will be dis
cussed when teachers of the state
meet in indianapolis at sessions of
the Indiana State Teachers Asso-
citation, Oct. % and %.
Seven section meetings are Sched-
uled for Thursday, Oct. %. Allied
arts conference and discussions will
begin at $50 at John Heron Art
institute and are to be continued
throughout the day.
An analysis of the child labor law
and methods of increasing the effec-
tiveness of school visiting will be
presented by members of the at
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
Banker Sentenced

~ DHitcd Press
CROWN POINT, Ind, Sept. 20
Paul V. Lipinski, SO, president of
the defunct Northern Trust and
Savings bank of Hammond, pleaded
guilty to charges of illegal loans and
overdrafts in Lake criminal court
here and was sentenced by Judge
M. j. Smith to serve a two to four
teen-year term in the state prison.
Lipinski also was ordered by Judge
Smith to pay 100000 to the bank,
double the amount he owed the in
stitution.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
OUerStnHed
BIZ United Press

bU JNftf1 FTeS6
ALEXANDRIA, Va, Sept.
pa square meal made George
BulIen Of New York a patient
in Alexandria hospital today.
Bullen. vagabonding it, crept
into a freight car in Baltimore
last Thursday. The door was
locked and it was three days
before he was released here.
faint from hunger. A kind
hearted proprietor of a lunch
room then took the hapless
man in charge.
Eat, my friend; eat all you
car" said the restaurant owner.
Bullen obeyed. the admoni-
ton to the letter, and to that
fact doctors today attributed
his new plight.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29

TUNE IN = The Lucky
Strike Dance Orchestra,
every Tuesday, Thursday
and Saturday evening Over
N. B. C. networks.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
Suits Follow Tragedy
By Times Special

NINNIWV
(. ANDERSON, Ind, Sept. 29.-The
estate Of Adrian Whetsel was
opened at the Office of Ralph Fergu-
Son, county clerk, to prosecute a
claim for damages resulting from
WhetsePs death. He was fatally in
-jured Sept. A, when his automobile
was struck by one driven by Lloyd
Gritton, on state Road 8, near Alex
andria.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29

legged records of pool sales. Arisel
also had s7OO in his possession
which was returned to him at the
time of the arrest, officers claimed.
A copy Of the alleged pool-selling
records has been retained by po-
lice. The pool books are in the pos
session of the court and will not
be returned without a special order.
Police claim Arisel is an agent
of Emil Rahke, alleged lottery
operator.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
Prisoner Carries S1.O25

1BU United Press
WARSAW, Ind, Sept. 29.-Asa
Ralston's pocket change" astound-
ed police when they arrested him
on charge of intoXication. They
found $1,025 when they searched
him. Several months ago when
Ralston, laborer, was arrested on
q similar charge, he was carrying
IS. 900.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
= y " y y 3

Made Of the finest foboccos-
The Cream Of many Crops LUCKY STRIKE
alone offers the throat protection Of the
exclusive "TOASTINc" Process which in
the process that expeIs certain biting,
harsh irrifanfs nofUroIIy present in every
tobacco leof. These expelled irritonts are
not present in your LUCKY STRIKE! They're
out they cont be in" No wonder LUcKIEs
are always kind TO your fI1roof.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
10 BURIED IN COLLAPSE
: OF TENEMENT BUILDING
One Believed Dead as Structure
CrumbIes in New York.

One Believed Dead as Structure
CrumbIes in New York.
BIZ United Press
NEW YORK, Sept. 20. = Ten
.workmen were buried when a five
story tenement building being re-
constructed at 327 East Eighteenth
street collapsed today.
~ Police and fire department rescue
squads dug out nine of them and
the one still missing was believed to
be dead
An emergency first-aid station was
laid out on the sidewalk and physi-
Clans from three hospitals worked
over the rescued men with inha-
rlators.
= The rear wall of the building was
said to have been the first to
.crumble, taking the floors with it.
The roar of the falling debris caused
tremendous excitement in the
thickly populated neighborhood.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
DEADLOCK HIT
BY STIMSON IN
PEACE EFFORT
China and Japan Accuse
Each Other in Notes to
i Washington.
BY JOSEPH II. BARD.
United Press stan Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Sept Coon
flicting reports from China and
Japan regarding happenings in
Manchuria were before Secretary Of
State Stimson today as he studied
means TO maintain peace.
In reply to identical notes to
both powers, urging cessation Of
hostilities in Manchuria and peace
full settlement of their dispute, the
secretary received these statements:
From Japan: Every care has
been taken, and will continue to be
exercised by the japanese forces to
observe all requirements of inter
national law and international
agreements, and to avoid any action
calculated to prejudice an amicable
settlement Of the differences be-
tween Japan and China"
From China: g. While the
Japanese government declares that
It has taken all measures to prevent
the aggravation of the situation,
and that the troops will be with
drawn forthwith from the occupied
areas free acts of war still
ere being committed by japanese
troops"
Notes Given StimsOn
The notes containing these state
.inents were delivered to Stimson
last night by Ambassador Katsuji
Debuchi Of Japan and Charge d
,Afaires Yung Wkai of China, re-
spectively.
Japan thanked the United States
for its fairness of views" toward
the Manchurian situation and said
1t was confident" that tension in
Manchuria could be ended by
frank and unimpassioned discus
sion" with China. 1t was recalled
here that China already had de-
.clined to treat directly with Toxic
The Japanese note made no ref
erence to Stimson's mention of ex-
listing treaties bearing on the Man
churian situation, but China called
attention to the "sanctity" of trea-
Ties, particularly the kellogg pact,
forbidding recourse to war. China
expressed the earnest hope" that
most effective means" will be
taken to maintain international
agreements.
Japan Is Blamed
The Chinese government" the
note form Peiping stated, can con-
ceive no other way to satisfy re-
quirements of international law and
international agreements. when in
ternational law and international
agreements already have been
trampled under foot, than for Japan
TO withdraw her troops immediately
and completely from the occupied
areas and to give full redress to the
.aggrieved party, the Chinese gov
ernment, and the Chinese people"
China attached to it's note bill
OF particulars" citing four instances
In which it was alleged the jap
sanese had fired on trains or de-
rallied them, killing both Chinese or
foreigners. Japan previously had
denied press reports of these al
legged incidents.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
Avoid Embarrassment of
FALSE TEETH
Dronnir0 or SIinnipc

Don't be embarrassed again by hav-
ing your false teeth slip or drop when
you eat, talk, laugh or sneeze. Just
sprinkle little Fasteeth on your plates.
This new, extremely fine powder gives
a wonderful sense of comfort and Sc
curity No gummy, gOOey taste or feel
ing. Get Fasteeth today at Hooks or
any other drug observation-disclosures
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29

germ proof ceIIophone. Clean, protected
neot, FRESH!-whot could be more moder
then LUcKlES' improved HUmidor pacI<ag
so easy 70 open! Ladies - the LUCKY tai
is-your finger nail protection.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-29
CARTOONIST'S WIFE DIES
Mrs. Mabel HERMAN Succumbs to
Auto Crash Injuries.

By United Press
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 29.-Mrs.
Mabel HERMAN, 40 wife of George
HERMAN, originator of the '.Krazy
Kat" cartoon, died Monday night
of injuries received last Sunday
when her automobile jumped a
curbing and hit building. Besides
her husband, she leaves two daugh-
tiers.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-07-16

tions off into channels that would be
particularly advantageous to France.
But Mr.. Hoover remained firm in his
demand that Germany be allowed the
full measure of relief contemplated
in his original suggestion.
Other interested governments must,
of course, accept the terms of the
French-American agreement, but there
is no doubt that they will do so. Every
country has come to the support of Mr..
Hoover in this effort to turn back the
forces of depression. The approval of
Congress too must be secured, but
President Hoover has assurance Of
support from large majorities in both
the Senate and House, irrespective of
political affiliations.
Since the proposal was first made
there have been no serious doubts that
a debt holiday would be declared. New
ertheless, the world could not receive
the full benefits of the agreement I'M
til it was actually completed. The
moratorium carries with It such a
powerful stimulus that it may well
mark definite turning point toward
prosperity. E
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-07-16
THE EVIL PRIMARY SYSTEM

| The deterioration of public service
and of public political conscience
which have followed the advent of the
primary have had so profoundly evil
effect upon the country that our free
institutions actually are trembling in
the balance. So far as Congress is
concerned, the neutral danger ahead if
the present condition persists and
grows, is reputation of the body by
the nation, which will presage the end
of the republic.
In local and state governments the
general situation is even worse than
it is in Washington, because the dis
satisfaction and suspicion extends to
the executive and judicial branches
of government and every year the
difficulties in the way of getting COM
petent officers for the commonwealth
and their subdivisions increase. Some
times it seems impossible to find even
honest ones, except now and then al
most by accident. Good men general
ly are reluctant to run for office and
when they do run there is no longer
any reliable representative body to
examine the qualifications of candi-
dates and tell the voters which are fit
and which are unfit.
Of late there has been considerable
contention that palliation may be
found through resort to the so-called
short ballot system, under which only
few principal officials would be
elected and those few given wide ap-
tpointive powers: Such a move was
urged recently with respect to general
Michigan state officers.
Under the short ballot plan govern
ors, mayors and so forth, who might
or might not be honest and trust
worthy, and in the majority of cases
would be irresponsible or mediocre,
would be given the nominating power
formerly enjoyed by responsible party
conventions, and in addition would be
accorded the elective privilege still
maintained by the voters.
We fail to see any particular advan-
tage in that sort of thing, in the long
run. In the working out it would be
one more step along the road to sub
stitution of autocracy for free govern
ment.
Unquestionably there is way of
escape for the nation, but it is going
to be hard one to travel, and the
sooner a serious effort is made to find
it the better for these United States.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-07-16
IN DAYS OF OLD
FORTY YEARS AGO

|. FORl1 EARS AOO
An editorial copied from the Balti-
more American on the advantages OF
good roads cited Hagerstown as an
example. It stated: "On account of
the seven roads leading into her linn
it's it has become one of the great
meeting places of bicyclers and her
name and reputation are known to
every section of the United States"
The fine residence that was being
erected by Mrs. Crook, widow of the
late General George Crook, was ex-
pected to be completed during the
week.
The Oakland Independent Band was
reorganized at the city hall on Fri
day evening when large number Of
the old members were present.
The Garrett Guards left on Wednes-
day for the camp ground near Balti-
more. The company expected to be
gone about ten days. -s....,l
Work at the Oakland Wooden Mills
was suspended for more than week
owing to a breakdown in the machin-
cry.
Will Sturgiss, an enthusiastic bicy-
Gle rider, had his thumb badly mashed
when it was caught in the propelling
chain and spocket wheel.
Mrs. Kenny, of Cincinnati, who was
guest at the Oakland Hotel, had her
five horses, three carriages, a coach
man and a footman brought to Oak
land from her home by express for
use during her stay.
Calvin Grim, Cincinnati police force,
was here on a visit with his parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph M. Grim.
Twenty Years Ago
John A. Delawder, Oakland, suffered
stroke of paralysis while sitting on
the veranda at his home. -,
At the parsonage of st. Pauls M. E.
church, Miss Sarah Long, Mountain
Lake Park, became the bride of Mr..
Harry Stemple, of Oakland. -
Harry West, who had purchased a
lot on Third street, was preparing to
erect an eight-room dwelling.
Lee Mason, who had been in charge
of the city pumping station and water
system, resigned and entered the en-
ploy of the local dairy association in
erecting an ice making plant. John
Compton succeeded Mr.. Mason in the
city's employ.
Prof. Leo ]. Rasche, editor of the
Grafton Sentinel, spent the Fourth in
Oakland with relatives and friends.
The stonework on the enlargement
and improvement of the Garrett Ma
tional Bank building was completed.
Sunday was probably the hottest
day to be experienced by Oakland peo-
pie in a number of years. The mer-
curry at two o'clock registered above
the ninety mark with the absence of
the usual cool breeze.