davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
Foot Ball Death May
Affect PIay Rules

From the Newark Evening News
1t Is apparent the rules governing
foot ball play need further study. The
death of Cadet Richard B. Sheridan, IT,,
resulting from the recent contest be-
tween West Point and Yale, may have
a good effect on future rivalries, as 1t
is obvious recent regulations designed TO
free the game of Older evils have not
cured the situation. The wedge inter-
ference after kickoff should undergo
scrutiny.
In the days Of the flying wedge attack
there were injuries and deaths that
brought about its abolition. It has sur
vived in a measure, however, In the
principle of mass interference. 1t may
never be determined how Sheridan came
by his fatal injury, but there Is no
doubt he was the target Of an on
slaught-entirely allowable under pres
ent rules-that took him OUT as Lassi-
ter was returning the ball after the
West Point kickoff. There Is no need
to exercise hindsight at this time, but
the conspicuous character of the trag-
edy centers attention on necessity for
official consideration of the whole rules
situation.
Such q tragedy of sport is excep-
tional, of course. Foot ball Is a rough
game, but thousands play 1t unframed
TO one fatality. But TO q mother Of a
fine youth cut off in the flower of his
manhood statistics do not appeal There
should be a way TO continue a manly
exercise Of competitive skill without nm
due danger TO life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
British Election Impresses
America as Of World Benefit

great qualities" while the Houston
Chronicle considers that another great
forward step in the return To world
prosperity has been taken" The At
lanta journal finds In the election 20
token OF, a peoples determination to
come to grips with realities and to set
their national house In order" and con-
siders 1t widely reassuring.
victory for courage and common sense
In crisis which might have deepened
TO disaster had there been less either
OF prudence or of valor In the public
spirit" AS the Baltimore Evening Sun
sees It, what Britain has done Ia to put
her faith once more In her ancient
masters and give them q blank check
TO work out the salvation of the country.
Whether that trust Is misplaced or not.
time will tell
THE prospect now is for a sound and
stable government asserts the Roanoke
World-NeWs That performance must
follow upon the responsibility now OBJ
tanned by the Conservatives" Is the
statement OF the Springfield (Mass)
Daily Republican, which adds: THE
national government, with It's fresh
mandate Of free hand must now lift
Great Britain out of its slump within
a reasonable time. or a more militant
Socialism will find in the popular vote
OF the Labor party an immense reservoir
OF sympathy and support"
The New York Times expresses some
serious doubts" as to MacDonalds flu
ture as it asks: How can Mr.. Mac
Donald expect the Conservatives, with
their immense majority assured, to act
as II Tuesdays poll had never taken
place? What can he say when asked
to explain what he has done to tina
Labor party?" The Charleston Daily
Mall Is moved to voice word of warn
ing: However, a victory at the polls
does not necessarily solve so great a
problem as that which confronts the
British people. 1t merely means that q
new party assumes control, that new
leaders will devise what measures they
can to meet the situation, and that the
election means new test of the ability
OF modern British statesmen to meet
the current situation"
Speaking in emphatic manner" OBJ
serves the Oakland Tribune. Britain
mas announced to the world 1t Is going
to carry through its plans for rehabili-
tation. With the striking evidence of
popular support, which was so strong
as almost to eliminate the Lloyd George
Liberals and leaves the government a
tremendous working majority, the gain
in confidence in Britain's future will be
Immediately noticeable at home and
abroad"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05

The latest suggestion Ia that tear
gas be loOsed nightly in the downtown
section 20 discourage the birds and
drive them hence. Apart from the
probability that the tear gas would
annoy humans far more than starlings
this remedy seems hardly practicable
There are some thousands Of trees. and
II would take great quantities Of tear
gas, loosed simultaneously, 70 cover the
area OF nightly starting habitation.
There really seems little that can
be done about the starlings. II any
thing Unless nature intervenes with
some destructive malady TO wipe them
out of existence they will probably con-
tinue to make Washington their Win
ter quarters, and about all that can
be said is that it is just too bad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05

or are they manufactured IN the cross
form?-J. w. r.
A. They are found in cross form In
their natural state. The stones are q
mineral Migrated iron aluminium Sill
cate in the orthorhombic system. They
have a subvitreous to resinous luster,
and are brown or black In color. The
crystalline varieties are frequently cruel
form. owing to twinning. The proper
name for such stone Is saurolite, which
is a combination of two Greek words
meaning cross and stone.
@. What was the population OF the
United States in 17707--J. @.
A. The colonies had at that time a
combined population of about 2,206,o0o.
@. Where did the late Daniel Ches-
ter French study artr--W. L. NJ.
A. He had since childhood been in
terested in whiting the figures OF ami
mails, and was nearly 10 years old when
Louisa May Alcott suggested that he
model in clay some of these figures.
From this simple start he tried making
likenesses OF his friends and later be-
gan to attend lectures on anatomy in
art. He studied for year ut the Mas
sachusetts Institute of Technology and
worked for a short time in the studio
OF John Quincy Adams Ward. At Flor
ence, italy, he spent year under the
tutelage of Thomas Ball. He was only
Is when he achieved fame for his
statue THE Minute Man ut Concord,
Mass.
@. How was the Maine Desert
formed?--L. NJ. T.
A. 1t was formed by q glacial lake
or pool. Such a mass as this must
have been deposited In a gradually en-
larging pool or lake within the ice sheet
Mama
level on top The smoothness Of the
surface may be in part due to the waves
of the sea sweeping over IT, since 1t
occupies position where Ii would be
much exposed to the waves of the broad
bay which then covered the Valley Of
the Royal River, to the south of It.
@. Do many people visit the Shrine
OF st. Ann de Beaupre?--F. w.
A. This shrine in Quebec is visited
yearly by many pilgrims seeking spir-
itual, mental and bodily healing. The
| cathedral was destroyed by fire In 1922.
but has been rebuilt on the same site.
@. At what age do drivers OF auto
mobiles have the most accidents?-T.
II. G.
A. Operators under 20 years old have
the most accidents In proportion to their
number. The next group Is between
80 or over comprise $50 per cent of the
1000, 900 licensed drivers In the United
States. they are responsible for only
STA per cent of the accidents which
| result In personal injury.
@. Do the japanese or Chinese pre-
dominate In California and in New York
City?--A. 8. M.
A. In 1880 there were in New York
City GAIA Chinese and 1885 Japanese.
| In the state of California there were
81 ,456 Japanese and 37.361 Chinese.
c. How many families move In
year7-A. M.
A. Martin II. Kennedy says that
about 2.l50,0O0 American families
change their home sites In a year.
| c. How do the rivers OF the Western
| Hemisphere compare with those OF the
/ Eastern?-T. T.
| A. The drainage system Of the Amer
icas Is the greatest on earth. The
Amazon River discharges more water
into the ocean than the eight largest
rivers In Asia together. The Mississippi
River discharges more water than all
Of the rivers of Europe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEEELL.

This fungus grew near the base OF q
hedge on a street lined with noble oaks.
Perhaps 1t is not so much the shade,
( however. which e. ses these things to
/ grow In wei freed areas, but rather the
abundance Of moisture and decaying
'egetable matter. which just suits them
in such places.
The pun balls and cup fungi are
among the most popular with those
interested in these colorless plants
Children invariably find much TO in
terest them in fungi until warned-and
properly, one may think-against play
ing with them.
The warnings in childhood usually
suffice to turn an adult against them,
unless he persists in taste for mush-
rooms.
/ Mushroom growing is an old and in
teresting art. but scarcely suited to the
average temperament.
/ The spawn come in bricks" and are
/ planted in manure in a dark cellar.
/ Out Of the heat and darkness grow
4 mushrooms at last.
! The process is another instance of
the strangs ways of nature, which
/ brings something out Of nothing very
neatly.
Truffies may be called sorts Of mush-
/ rooms.
| Most Americans know about them best
! through an old song called the "Truffie
| Song In one of the splendid old comic
| operas, we forget whether The Queens
Lace Handkerchief" or not.
/ The average persons interest in fungi
/ Of the sort thought of by most people
1 when you say mushrooms and toad
( stools does not go much beyond bit
! of admiration and a great deal Of dis
! like.
/ Something there is cold and clammy
/ about a toadstool which makes the av-
! erage person. especially gardener, glad
| TO leave it alone.
The amateur gardener will not even
/ leave them alone.
He uproots them bodily, or in pieces,
as the case may require.
/ He does not like to see them around
| his grounds because they spell sour soil,
| and sour earth is not good for much
except MOSES and some few plants.
| An easy way to eradicate toadstools
on the home place is to kick them with
| the feet.
The average garden toadstool is of
such curious composition that good
! swift kick with the side of the sole or
heel will chop 1t off at the ground.
/ Few animals. except pigs-and Squir-
/ rels-will eat the ordinary fungi.
/ TruffleS are rooted out by pigs. That
| is the way they discover them in Europe.
| The "toadstool" our squirrel was eat
/ Ing that morning was almost coal black
and Of particularly disagreeable ap-
pearance.
One would have thought better Of
| the rodent If he had not been eating
! it, but. again, one must admit that he
probably knew what he was doing.
This is a busy season for squirrels.
! Nuts or fungi, all is griSt which comes
to the sharp mill of their little teeth.
A veritable hail of acorns falls down
upon the walker beneath great oaks.
Aloft the squirrels are at it. One
will run down dart to a lawn, and
busily proceed to bury nut
How will he find it again? And If
| he can find it, probably by smell, why
cannot some other squirrel find it as
well?
Probably it will That is why life is
so difficult for these rodents. The ma
ture lover will help them out with pur-
chased English walnuts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05

A squirrel hcpped up the walk, dang
ling in his mouth round, black object
with strings hanging thereto.
First we thought it was a walnut, but
shortly saw I. was a toadstool OF a
variety which grows out our way
InstinCtiveiy We thought 70 protect
the rodent from It's own lack OF fore
sight.
was he not eating a poisonous toad
stool? we asked ourself
And then We decided. just as We were
about to open the front door and
frighten the squirrel away from Its
meal. that 1t knew what 1t was doing,
after all.
Squirrels. never having read books,
are not afraid of toadstools.
They know that these queer objects
are not necessarily poisonous, They
were not brought UP on the word toad
stool" and therefore are not victims
Of the popular nisconception which
calls edible fungi mushrooms and poi
sonous ones toadStools.
Mankind, however. works for its own
protection. even In its misconceptions.
Squirrels know by instinct which
fungi they can eat and which to leave
alone. but man has no such sense.
Therefore he proteAs himself by be-
ing wary of all thI3e queer plants.
Fungi. to With belong the muSh-
rooms and th< toadstools. constitute a
lower ord>< Of plants not containing
chlorc~nyll, the green coloring matter
c. plants
OF course there are all sorts OF
fungi Not only are there mushrooms
and truffies and the toadstools of popu-
lar imagination. but there are yeasts,
and lichens. ana rusts, and smuts, and
molds, to say nothing of bacteria.
The fungi which prey upon our roses
and other flowers are fungi as well as
any.
Experts tell us that fungi are either
parasitic or saprophytic. Every one
knows what a parasite is, but not all
what a saprophyte Is.
A parasite Is so well known that it
has given its name to any human be-
ings who live at somebody else's ex-
pense.
The fungi which do this live upon or
in another plant and absorb food
from it.
When a plant lives upon an organism
which is no longer living. or upon its
products, 1t is called a saprophyte. In
stances of these are the toadstoolS
ether 6ecaying vegetable matter
The curious thing about the fungi is
this-that they manage to get their
carbohydrates just the same All plants
green or otherwise. must have their
carbohydrates.
Plants without color, therefore, take
them where they can get them, either
from living or tead green plants.
The distinction between making and
taking must be borne in mind.
Green plants need sunlight to make
carbohydrates but colorless ones do not
need it to make them.
That Is why many fungi grow best in
the dark.
Every one is familiar with the fact
that toadStools, as we say, grow In
moist places. and whether it is light or
dark does not seem to make so much
difference with them, although most
often one sees them at the base OF
hedges and along fences.
We have seen some whoppers this
season. One in particular was about a
foot in diameter and grew perhaps as
much off the ground.
1t was a beautiful pink in color.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

There is no other agency in the world
that can answer as many legitimate
questions as our free information bu-
reau in Washington. y. c. This highly
organized institution has been built up
and Is under the personal direction of
Frederic ], Haskin. BY keeping IN con-
slant touch with Federal bureaus and
ether educational enterprises 1t Is In a
position to pass on to you authoritative
information OF the highest order. Sub
NIT your queries TO the staff OF experts
whose services are put at your free dis
posal. There Is no charge except 2
cents In coin or stamps for return post
age. Address The Evening Star Tnfor-
nation Bureau. Frederic J. Haskin, Di-
rector, Washington. d. G..
Q, Why isn't Al Capone deported'--
A: He is not an alien. He was born
in the United States.
Q. Has there ever been q running
race In which horses tied for first
placed. n. S.
A. There have been several One OF
the most famous dead heats on record
was in race at Newmarket, England,
October ~, 1885. Four hsrses in a
Held of five tied for first place. During
the week ended october II of this year
Sir Jonathan and Oil Queen ran q dead
heat at Jamaica.
c. How many bottles Of soft drinks
were sold in the United States last
year?-C. NJ.
A. 1t is estimated as the equivalent
OF l2400, 100000 half pints. This is
slightly less than the amount sold in
1929. but about the same as the con-
sumption in 1928.
@. What is the name of the part of
the cigar cut or bitten of before smok-
ing?--W. L. s.
A. 1t Is called the tip. This part Is
put on as protection to the filler to-
bacco. but has to be removed In order
for the cigar to draw.
@. When Is Book week? What value
do its sponsors claim for it2-H. b.
A It begins November is. Its OBJ
ject is to stimulate the reading OF books.
Q. What was TIE total number Of
flyers belonging to the Lafayette Es-
cadrille during the World War and how
many were killed2-G. A.
A. The total number was 2l0. OF
these IS died and 10 were wounded.
@. How many elevators has the En-
pire State Building?-F. II.
A. 1t has So elevators with automatic
starting and stopping devices and nine
additional elevators for use in the top
seven stories and the tower for freight.
Two local cars provide service between
the seventy-ninth and eighty-sixth
floors.
@. Was George washington a highly
educated man?-L. L.
A. He was not. Writing of Washing
ton, Corbin says: His interest In pop
ular education was no less ardent than
was Jefferson's, and took on a peculiar
quality from the fact that he thought
of himself always as one of the unedu-
Gated. His solicitude for the schools Of
Virginia and for national university
is expressed in many eloquent and
noble passages and in liberal bequests /"
@. Do the United States and France
use the same flags on ships as they
use on shore? PC. A.
A. The stars and Stripes of the
United States are used on men-of- war
and ships of the merchant marine.
France also uses but one flag, the tri-
color.
@. Are fairy stones" actually found,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
Half a Loaf or No Loaf.

The wisdom of the Commissioners
decision to alleviate the harshness OF
the blow to fall on several hundred per
diem employees by substituting half-time
employment for what would otherwise
be loss OF employment for some OF them,
and at the same time to use money thus
saved TO hire additional per diem work.
ers on the half-time basis, is open to
question.
Criticism of the step will probably
rest en- the contention that by forcing
several hundred per diem workers to go
on half time In order to hire others the
Commissioners are In effect demanding
a sacrifice from those least able to make
it. Full-time per diem pay represents
a scanty living wage at best. Those who
depend upon 1t for q living are in no
position to surrender half of 1t in the
name of an employment benefit.
On the other hand, the Commission
ers probably contemplate the fact that
sixteen hundred men and women on
half pay represent a more satisfied and
self-sustaining group than sixteen hun
dred men and women half OF whom
are receiving full pay and half of whom
are without any employment. The
Commissioners are merely putting into
practice theory that has been strongly
advocated by those who have suggested
steps for softening the rigors of un-
employment hardship. They are seek
ing to spread available work among as
many men and women as possible The
fact that the sacrifice is demanded by
those who, obviously, are least able
to afford 1t is deplorable thing. The
question is whether 1t would not be
still more deplorable If no attempt were
made along the lines decided upon by
the Commissioners.
That question should best be an
swered by the various social agencies
Of the city upon whom the burden of
administering to the unfortunate this
Winter will fall. If the Commission
ers are open to criticism, it is for ap-
PniSAAttJ dNSAdSA dPOli LIaAS ctCD
without comforting with the represent
atives of the citys social and welfare
agencies. These, it is believed, could
make an accurate forecast of the prac-
tical results to be achieved through the
Commissioners plan. They might be
able to tell whether the scheme will
serve to lessen or to increase hardships
on the part of those directly affected;
whether 1t will serve to lessen or to in
crease the heavy responsibilities with
which the charitable and welfare
agencies are charged.
The Commissioners order does not
become effective until November Is
There is plenty of time between now
and then for the Commissioners in
formally to confer with the socia
agencies on this matter and. after get
ting the views of those who can speak
with authority, retain their plan as
announced or revise it in a way thai
will do the most good. The Commits.
! sioners are only seeking to reach the
best solution of a most difficult problem
1t is to be taken for granted that they
will welcome any suggestions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
London Police Keep
Special Watch for Burglars.
Army Air Expansion
Nearing Completion
From the San Antonio Express

EtOhl vac 0dtl AiLOulU express.
BY next March the Army Air Corps
Will have most of the material required
to complete the five-year expansion
program which was begun in July 1927
The year before, Congress had authorized
a military flying force embracing $50
Regular and $50 Reserve officers-the
latter on extended active duty-and
$4,000 enlisted men
That force should be brought to full
strength by next June 80 The Air
Corps then should have on hand 800
serviceable planes. It's orders-placed
through the War Department-have
been particularly helpful to the air.
craft industry during the depression
period. Those purchases have been well
distributed throughout the land. The
latest orders were for SO planes and 100
motors, to be delivered before next
March. =
The Governments orders to four
companies totaled 1891 1854 and the
larger portion ultimately win be ex-
pended for labor.
Congress should increase the allot-
ment OF officers to the Air Corps by
at least 200, SO that graduates of the
Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field
may be commissioned in the Regular
army within comparatively short
k4hie, Az ALSO should increase the Army S
enlisted strength to $4,000 and thus
avoid removing more organizations from
active TO inactive status.
The Air Corps now is called upon to
garrison many home stations and to
furnish personnel and equipment for
several fields In Hawaii, the Philippines
and the Canal Zone. It's Officers also
act as instructors to Air Reserve and
National Guard squadrons and to r. o.
T. C. units
The Air Corps sturdily has developed
its tve-year expansion program. Prob
ably 1t VIII be called upon to present a
further plan during the next congress
sional session. Several other nations
are increasing their air forces. regard
less OF the depression and budget def
likewise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-05
\ ERLINER TAGEBLATT. - DIR.
, Sahm welcomed Buergermeister
\ Walker of New York at a break
y fast in the Carl SchurZ Union
lNnrni1n in11tnnN with the fnllnM-

(Verelnigung) with the folloW-
Ing words: .-
"A hard Winter lies behind U.s. but
still more difficult one confronts us.
Economy, and still more economy, on
all sides is now the commandment of
the hour, for a dire and cruel parsi-
mony, the nature and extent of which
cannot be grasped by any except those
who exercise it, must be enforced If we
are to be able to save enough to bring
our army CT destitute and unemployed
through another Winter. If you wander
now, Herr Walker, through our city, !
know that you will do so with open
eyes and not let yourself be blinded by
an outward glamour-the relic and reini-
riscence of better days. Then you will
see, in the better districts, where once
the aristocratic 10000 made their
abodes, nothing but massive dwellings
standing empty. Everywhere once pros
porous business houses, well known and
well esteemed, stand closed and locked.
That you will be impresSe and
grieved with these aspects of our con-
temporary life, I do not doubt, for that
you are kind and sympathetic has made
people fond of you, not only in New
York and in the United States, but, in
this modern time, in all lands as well,
through the agency of the telegraph
and telephone, the radio, the airship
and the flights over land and sea which
have linked the continents. Despite the
fact that you will see here what must
distress you. trust that, for the most
part, you will enjoy yourself with lis In
Germany and that the esteem with
which you are regarded. especially here
in Berlin, will be but increased and
strengthened. We greet you, therefore,
most cordially and affectionately and
IN the name OF the German people and
their capital. cry out to you, Heartily
welcome TO Berlin!'"