davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

sential to the end that there be uniformity of practice and general understanding as to activities on the different ranges. Contacts be- tween the Superintendents will as sist in the marketing problems, and make easier the prevention of herd confusion and other diff culties
 t2) There should be a general roundup of all reindeer in each of the districts with the least pos sible delay. Thereupon, the District Superintendent should endeavor to amicably settle questions of owner ship and attend to the marking of the mavericks. We suggest that in marking these deer the old rule of the range should ordinarily apply, viz. that the mavericks found on the range go to the owner of the reindeer on that range, but we further suggest that if the deer on the range have not been round ed up for a long period or there has been a considerable movement of new deer 10 that range, the application of this rule may work lneouities In such case, we sug- gest that the mavericks be div ided on a percentage basis of mark cd female deer in the roundups. (3) We recommend that the re search work now being carried on ! by the Biological Survey be con- tinued and extended.
 (4) Your committee considers
 that it is neither practicable nor
 advisable for the government to
 establish competitive marketing az
 encies, but firmly believes that exist ling facilities should be used und-
 CT conditions of mutual equity Private capital has already great lv contributed to the developmen
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

of t5t industry and It should b. afforded every pr per encourage ment We feel that the Council an" :ta representatives can do much to- ward establishing and continuing ou the Peninsula an attitude of friendly dependence on each other between the natives and those whose faith in the industry ha, been proven by the capital invest ed Their common welfare requir- es it,
 ,5p In the interest of good understanding. We recommend that as son as practicable and under equitable auspices, the Lomen rein deer he transferred O. wirhdraWn from The Teller District and aisa from that portion of the Buckland District west of the Buckland Riv- CT
 tGpNp recommend that the Coun .cil undertake by equitable measur- les 10 nave each individual native Of each District become possessed of number of female deer.
 t0 We recommend that the Council study the situation of the natives on Nunivak Island and eff feet such equitable plan may help ito improve their economic status tS) We believe that the sub stance of these accommodations can be forthwith made effective, but should in any respect there be need for additional appropriations. the enactment of new le@islation tor the modification of existing laws to carry to full accomplishments the recommendation herein made. We suggest that appropriate action be taken at the next session oi Con are>s
 IY conclusion. may we stat"
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

that the Committee is convinced that if the recommendations made herein are adopted and when adopt ed there is administration by the kind of personnel suggested, that the protection and development of the reindeer industry on the Sew ard Peninsula is assured. Adequate supervision and the fostering of q friendly spirit among all concern ed will bring order and prosperity to this interesting and valuable in dustry.
 Respectfully submitted,
 John B. Kendrick
 Scott Leavitt
 Charles P Sisson
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02
W Washington, D. C., March 23, 1881.

Honorable Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. c. Dear MT Secretary,
 The Committee which you ap- pointed to investigate and study the Alaskan Reindeer situation. hereby makes it's report. Nine hearings have been held and the witnesses who testified before the Committee included:
 Secretary of the Interior Ray l-y- man Wilbur.
 Delegate from Alaska, James Wick ersbam,
 Former Delegate Dan Sutherland. Paul Reddington. Chief of the Bureau of Biological Survey. pr. w. B. Bell, Chief of the Bur eau of Biological Iuvestigations C. C. Moore. Commissioner of the General Land Office.
 Dr. Hamilton, Bureau of Eluca- ton.
 Charles H. Flory, Commissioner in Alaska, for Department of Agriculture.
 Horace NJ. Albright, Director of National Parks.
 Ernest Walker sawyer, Depart ment of the I2terio-.
 Carl J. Lomen, President If the L9mcn Reindeer Cor9oTatiou Leonard D. Baldwin. President of Alaska Livestock and Packing co. Arthur J. Baldwin, Director 0! the Alaska Livestock and Packing Company.
 Charles D. Brewer. of Point Bar TOW, Alaska.
 George R. Gashaw, President Of the Arctic Alaska Fur Corpora tion, Shishmaref, Alaska.
 In addition the Committee has received many communications from present and former Government officials. residents of Alaska. and others interested in the reindeer industry.
 At it's several conferences. the Committee has given most careful mony and statements presented The conclusions reached comprise:
 (1) Firdings of Fact.
 (2t Recommendations
 Findings of Fact
 The small number of reindeer brought to Alaska many years ago as a means of furnishing the na- tives with food and clothing have multiplied perhaps a thousand fold The development and use of Alas ka reindeer have now reached such proportions as properly 10 be term td an industry. The animals are still necessary for purposes orig inally intended, but can not be fully useful even for these pur- poses unless forthwith there is es- touilcNtU tuSClSt lnlSlrdt1Se supervision of the industry.
 Our study has chiefly had to do with conditions prevailing on the Seward Peninsula and the recom- mendations hereinafter set forth are primarily for application in that region If followed out and found successful, however. it may be that with but slight modified tion they can be used in other sec tions of the Territory.
 The major reindeer problems. Tn our opinion, are
 (a) Herding and marking
 (b) Range rules.
 (c) Marketing.
 With reference to them we find:
 (a) Herding and marking.
 Being an animal susceptible oi semi-domestication, the reindee! should be regularly herGed. and the increase marked to the owne, of the mother. Conditions in this regard. especially as to animal. claimed to be owned by the Eskimo are most unfortunate. The native owners have shown great lack O. diligence in herding and marking their animals. The white owner have given their animals much be
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

March 30. 1881.
 It have studied carefully the report of the reindeer Comittee and wish to suggest the advisabil- ity of drawing to the attention of Governor Parks several additional points which require clarifcation
 The Reindeer Council, which the Committee recommends, should be called together by the Governor as soon as possible, It is understood that the Council should serve as a Council, without pay, and in order to insure the Eskimos' representa- tives are able to attend, l would suggest that for the first meeting a. least, the travelling expenses of the Eskimo councilman from his home to the place of meeting and return should be arranged. For the first year, l would suggest two Els kimos on the Council, each with a half of one vote, One of them to come from the Teller district and one from the Buckland district.
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

brought the very difficulties now beginning to appear in the Sew ard Peninsula. Prompt action will avoid serious results.
 CbD Range Rules: The present range rules are il- adequate both in extent and ad- ministration Here also, the eA- perience of the cattle areas can be observed with profit.
 lcD Marketing:
 As above suggested, the reindeer industry has gone belond the di mensions oi simply providing food and clothing for the Eskimos. The vast number of animals is far in excess of the requirements for , these purposes. As result, a been developed. and reindeer meat is becoming popular in the Ameri- can commodity market. Develop nent of this market along sound lines will benefit the native rein deer owner and also those whose capital has been invested in the ; industry. A commercial outlet for surplus deer will increase the value of the individual animals, and as the industry grows. more labor can he employed and the money income of the Eskimos en- anced
 In several favorable locations son the Peninsula private enterprise at great expense has established facil ities for preparing the animals for market Transportation agencia are available some supervision as to the conditions unie' which the reindeer are to be presented for market preparation is needed, i however. We have recommends tions bearing upon this impoI'an. feature of the industry. [ t2) Recommendations | Cl First and foremost. We urge that a Reindeer Council of i five members be organized with i the following membership: | ia) The Governor of the Ter ritory as Ex-Offcio Commissioner for the Department f the Interior n Alaska, Chairman.
 tb) Chief of the Alaska nivi sion of the Bureau of Indian Ali fairs.
 | tcp The superintend4nt of Reindeer in Alaska.
 tdl 4 representative 10 be chosen by and from the Eskimo reindeer owners.
 leD A representative to be chosen by the Lomen interests. The Council shall be in general executive and administrative con trol of the reindeer industry, and shall also specifically perform these functions.
 
 The Reindeer Council shah for
 mulate range rules and resuls- tions. and through conference and negQtiatiOns with the mark et agencies they shall. during the early part of the year, prefera hly in January or February. endeavol 10 agree upon what is a fair and reasonable price for the reindeer delivered at the slaughter pens When such conclusion has beer reached as to a fair price, the in formation shall be communicated to the owners of the reindeer or the different ranges, in advance ot the roundup season, provided tha when such information as to price
 has reached the Eskimo it shal always remain entirely optiona [ with the Eskimo himself to accep ? or reject the price. We recon mend that the agreed prices he or . the per-head basis and that casl } or orders for money (not order B for goOdsl be the medium of set , clement, payable upon delivery O ? the animals to the slaughter pens f So far as feasible, the Counci 2 shall seek the assistance ot thu , herd owners in formulating satls { factory rules and resulations ant
The Nome nugget., 1931-05-02

Memora to Secretary Wilbur:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
On The Air To-day
|PERSHINC WILL GIVE RADIO TALK
To Appeal to Nation in Be- half of Red Cross
 Drive

General John J. Pershing will ap- peal for contribution to the Red Cross $10,000,000 drought relief fund over the Columbia Broadcast ing System from Washington, to- night, from S:15 to S:30 o'clock, E.. $. T. Miss Mabel T. Boardman, na- tional secretary of the American Red Cross, will introduce the World War leader. The talk will be the gen. erals first address to a coast to coast radio audience since the publication of his memoirs.
 In his recital of World War ex- periences, General Pershing paid high tribute to the work of the Red Cross in the stricken areas and for the American troops. General Per- shing is one of the incorporators of the organization and is vice chair man of the special committee form ed by President Hoover to raise the drought relief fund.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
TENOR IS GUEST
 ARTIST TONIGHT
Robert SimOnS of N.B.C. to Be Heard in Travellers
 Hour
ROBERT SIMONS

Robert Simmons, stellar tenor of the National Broadcasting company who. with Redrick Vaska, distin- guished Czecho- -Slovakian cellist. will be guest soloist of "The Trav- elers Hour" to be presented from Station WTIC s.t 9:30 o'clock to- night. Each will be accompanied by the concert orchestra under the di- rectoin of Christian Kriens.
 Robert Simmons is Missourian, 8 graduate of Boston University and the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, a former member of the St Louis Light Opera com- pany and for three years has been featured soloist of National Broadcasting company programs. He was soloist of The Travellers Hour" last year.
 Previous to his American debut, Bedrick Vaska was first cellist of the Warsaw Philharmonic orchestra in Poland. Since his advent in this country he has played in the lead ing American symphony orchestras. has been featured in the New York String Quartet and performed in several network radio programs, mo- tably the Baldwin Hour.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
n:;ss. sxs WDRC x.,.ss:... .sss

P. M.
 4:0O-Curtis Institute of Music - co. B. SD 4:45-Rhythm Ramblers; direction Nat Brusiloff-CC. E. S.) 5:O0-Light Opera Gems; Helen Nugent, contralto; Catherine Field, soprano; Crane Calder, Bass; Earl Palmer, tenor; and orchestra directed by Channon Collinge e. E. S.)
 5:45-E,bony Twins, piano duo - e. E. SD 6:00-Sessions Clock Time 6:OO-The Melodists Concert - (Shepard). 6:15-Spotlight Revue. 6:30-Musical Sports Revue. 6:45-Tony's Scrap Book - co. E. S.)
 7:O0-Morton Downey with Fred die Rich and his orchestra e. E. SD 7:15-World Bookman. 7:20-Stock Quotations. 7:3O-Evangeline Adams, astrOlOg- er-(C. E. S.) 7:45-The Worlds Business; Dr Julius Klein - co. E. S.) S:O0-Colt Shoe Time. S:O0-Grand Opera Miniature; Theo Karle, tenor; Adele Va sa, soprano; Catherine Field, soprano; Barbara Maurel contralto; Crane Calder, bass and Columbia symphony or chestra-(C. E. S.) S:3O-Weed Tire Chain Program; Marie Gerard, soprano; liar riet Lee, contralto; William Hain, tenor; Male Quartet and Freddie Rich's orchestra -(C. B. S) 9:O0-True Story Hour; Stronger than Prison Bars."-(C. E. S.) 10:0O-Sessions Clock Time. 10:00-Columbia Male Chorus; Frank Ruhf, tenor; Charles Carlisle, tenor; Chester Tall man, baritone and Crane Cal der, bass; directed by Andre kostelanetz-(C. B. S.) 10: 0:30-Weather Report. 10:30-Nit Wit Hour-(C. E. S.) 11:00-California Melodies-(C. E. S.) 11:30-Romanelli and his King Ed ward orchestra from Toron- to-(C. B. S.)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
.s,:.. as4 WEAF x,,ssys,., eco

F. M.
 4:OO-Y. W. C. A. - Mrs Robert E.
 Speer. 4:10-Dancing Melodies. 4:15-The Twilight Circle - Char
 lotte Geer. 4:30-Dancing Melodies. 4:45-Benjamin Moore Triangle. 5:00-Children's Program 5:30-Gobel Mystery Girl. 5:45-Rex Cole Mountaineers. World in Music - Pierre Key G:15-Summary of Programs. 6:2O-Black and Gold orchestra. 6:45-Uncle Abe and David-sketch 7:00-Spotlights in Drama and Lit
 erature Montrose J. Moses 7:15-College Memories. 7:30-Old Company's Program. S:00-Cities Service Concert orches-
 tra; Jessica Dragonette, so-
 prano; Cavaliers Quartet:
 Leo O'Rourke, tenor; John
 Seagel. baritone. 9:00-Cliquot Eskimos orchestra. 9:30-Enna Jettick Songbird 9:45-Careless Love - sketch 10:00-Crime Prevention Program. 10:30-R.-k.-O Theater of the Air. :00-LopeZ orchestra 12:00-Garrigan orchestra A M. 12:30-Morgan orchestra.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
SENATOR COPELAND
 WILL BROADCAST

United States Senator Royal s. Copeland from New York will be the principal speaker during the Ma tional Democratic Club Forum to be broadcast by WABC and the Colum- bia chain from 2:15 to 800 o'clock. F. $ T. tomorrow afternoon The senator will speak on "The Purpose of Government" His address will
 be made before microphones install- ed on the platform in the main audi !torium of the National Democratic
 club, New York.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
ns;:,. ss:;s WTIC x.,.sss,<. ."ss

r. M. 7;00-Fro-Joy Dinner Dance orches
 tra-Norman Cloutier, direc-
 tor. 7:3O-Old Company Songalogue -
 N. E. C. S:00-Cities Service Concert N.
 E. C. 9:00-The Eskimos - N. E. C. 9:30-Travelers Hour Christian
 Kriens, director. 10:30-R.- .-k.-O. Theater of the Air
 N. E. C. 11:00-News; Weather. 11:05-Club Hollywood orchestra 12:00-Silent.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30

Morgan orchestra.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
.,ts. sss WABC x.,.sSs,.. sss

T. VI. 4:O0-CurtiS Institute of Music. 4:45-Rhythm Ramblers. 5:00-Light Opera Gems. 5:30-Aunt Zelena. 5:45-Ebony Twins, Piano Duo. 6:00-Winegar's orchestra. -Talk-Heywood Broun. 7:O0-Morton DoWney, tenor. 7:15-Lanin's orchestra. 7:30-Evangelire Adams, Astrol-
 oger. 7:45-The Obsolesence of Machin-
 ery--Dr Julius Klein. S:00-Grand Opera Miniatures. S:30-Weed orchestra; Marie Ger
 ard, soprano Harriet Lee,
 contralto; William Hain, ten-
 or, Male Quartet. 9:00-True Story Hour. 1O:00-Columb Male Chorus. 10:30-Nit Wit Hour. 11:00-California Melodies. 11:30-Romanello orchestra. 12:00-Biltmore orchestra A. M. 12:30-Ann Leaf, organ. 273m-WLWL, New York-1,1OOk r. NJ.
 G:O0-Norma Altwater, soprano. 6:20-Concert orcbestra. 6:30-Jean Dardis, baritone. 6:40-General St Clair Mulholland
 Thomas Harrigan. T:00-COncert orchestra. 7:2O-Judgment in the Theater
 Rev Francis Fadden. 7:40-COncert orchestra 3S0m-WGY, Schcncctady-79Ok P. M.
 6:15-Same as WE,AF. 7:00-Dollar Diplomacy - Profess
 sor w. l.. Godshall 7:11-The Gondol,crs 7:30-Same as WEAF S:0O-Concert orchestra; Matilda
 Russ. soprano. 8:30-PhilCO Program. 9:O0-Same as WEAF. 1O:30-Same as WEAF. 11:30-Grcen orchestra. 12:O0-Same as WEAt. A. M. 12:30-kenmore orchestra. WBZh. Springfield
 BOStOn-99Ok r. M.
 6:15-Sallinger's Nagabonds. 6:30-Statler orchestra. 6:45-Same as WIZ. 7:15-Prudence Music. 7:30-Same as WIZ. S:30-IVanhoe Saladiers 8:45-1O: 45-Same as WIZ. Sharples, piano. 11:00-Statler orchestra. 11:30-Stud! Program. 261m-WHAM, 15Ok r. M. 6:15-Skultety's orchestra. 6:45-Same as WIZ. 7:15-Ivanhoe Cavaliers. 7:30-Arpeako MinStrels. 8:00-Same as WIZ. S:30-EVen as You and l. S:15- :0O-Sam as WIZ,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-30
385 VYI H0 76O Meters " O1 Kilocycles

r. M.
 4:00-Radio Guild; Merchant of
 Venice. 5:00-Tetley Program. 5:3O-Summary of Programs. 5:15-Stock Market Closing Prices
 and Quotations; Financial
 Summary of the Day; Cot
 ton Exchange Closing Prices
 and Quotations; State and
 Federal Agricultural Reports. 6:OO-Raising Junior orchestra. 6:45-Literary Digest Topics in
 Brief-Lowell Thomas 7:OO-Amos m Andy-sketc 7:15-Boscul Program; Frances All
 da, soprano; Frank La Forge,
 piano. 7:30-The Quaker Man. 7:45-Brownbilt Footlites. 8:O0-Nestle' orchestra; Ruth Et-
 ting songs. S:3O-Le Trio Morgan. S:45-Natural Bridge Dancing Glass 9:OO-1nterwoven Pair; Bill Jones
 and Ernie Hare; orchestra. 9:30-Armour orchestral; Mixed
 Chorus; Irwin $. Cobb, humor
 iSt. 10:O0-ArmstrongQ Quakers orchestra
 Lois Bennett, soprano; Mary
 Hopple, contralto; Male
 Quartet. 1O:30-Clara, Lu and Elm. 1O:45-To Be Announced. 11:OO-Slumber Music. 12:OO-Richardson orchestra. A. M. 12:3O-Funk orchestra.
 422m-WOR, Ncwark-71Ok 4:Oo-Book Review Thomas Mas
 son. 4:15-Alma Wall-Talk. 4:30-Wolfc's orchestra. 5:OO-Glimpses of Norway Gladys
 M. Fetch. 5:1J-Alita OlceS, contra1to. 5:25-Curtiss Candy Program. 5:30-Journal Home Period. 5:45-Oscar Helfenbein, piano. 6:O0-Cncle Don. 6:30-Sports Talk. 6:45-Manger orchestra 7:15-Johnston' Rhythm Boys. 7:30--Financial World Review. 7:45-The Skylargers. 8:0O-Winters orchestra. S:30-Fraternity Row. 9:O0-Salon orchestra; Bernard
 Ocko, violin. 9:30-Emil NelaZcO, organ. 10:O0--Los Charros Trio. 1O:15-Gramatan orchestra. 1O:45-Globe Trotter. :G0-Astor orchestra. 11:30-Moonbeams 3O6m--kDkA, Pittsburg-9SOk P. M.
 6:00-Wurlitzer Program. 6:15-Palace Credit Review. 6:30-McAleer Melodists. 6:45-Same as WIZ. 7:15-Colonial ~ellers. 7:30-Same as WIZ. Penn Drake Lubricators. S:45-11 :00--Same as WIZ. 11:00-Teaberry Sport Review. 11:15-Same as WIZ. 11:30-Meeker's orchestra.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-03-26
SEVERAL MISTAKES

A man struck a match to see if the
gasoline tank in his automobile was
empty. 1t wasn't.
A man wanted to see if he could
stand on the wing of fast-moving
plane 500 feet above the ground. He
couldn't.
A man looked in the end of gun
to see if it was loaded. 1t was.
A man patted strange bulldog on
the head to see if it was affectionate
It wasn't.
A man looked into a stovepipe and
shook it to see if it was full of SCOT
It was.
A man stepped on the accelerator
to see if he could beat the train to
the crossing. He couldn't. They tied
A man touched an electric wire to
see if it was charged. It was.
A man cut out his advertising to
see if he could save money. He
didn't.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-03-26
THE "BACK YARD

In Europe they call the space in
rear of a house the garden, and
they raise lovely flowers there. In
most places in America they dump
their tin cans and trash there. Many
people who used to raise flowers and
vegetables have given up the practice
American travellers, they say, are
laughed at in Europe when they refer
to such spots as "back yards" 1t
seems to those folk to stamp these
rear spaces as dumping areas, where
anything goes.
There are many back yards in Oak
land that could be made into gardens.
One can find physical health, as the
spring weather arrives, in the active
work of Transforming mussy spot
into a scene of charm. Also the
world can be told that Oakland is a
fine residence town. Instead Of trav-
cling many miles and spending wad
of money to find beauty in far away
scenes, why not produce it at home?
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-03-26
DIED..
MRS. MATILDA SINES.

Mrs. Matilda Sines, daughter of
Samuel and Susie Wilhelm Summers,
was born February 10, 1847, and de-
parted this life March 20, 1881, aged
"a years, one month and seven days.
She was married to John Sines Au-
gust-31, 1866, and to this union three
sons and one daughter were born, two
sons preceding her in death. She is
survived by her husband, son and a
daughter, 10 grandchildren and Ia
great-grandchildren.
She was member of the Brethren
church, having been admitted thereto
in 1879, and was one of the charter
members of the Pine Grove congre-
cation. She, with her husband, was
installed in the deacon's Office in 1887.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-03-26

Facts such as these wildly demon
strate the seriousness of the present
railroad situation. The lines, due to
overtaxation and unregulated compe-
tition from other transportation agen-
cies, have watched their profits dwin-
die almost to the vanishing point. The
inevitable result must be decisive re-
trenchment and decline in standards
of service.
No other agency can yet replace the
railroads in mass transportation of
commodities. The time is ripe for a
complete overhaul of railroad regu-
latory laws and an unprejudiced in
quiry into the entire transportation
situation. The public will be the prin-
cipal sufferer if our suicidal railroad
policy is maintained much longer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-03-26

passable but added handicaps to traffic
on Oakland streets.
Announcement was made that the
Oakland and Deer Park Hotels, I'M
der Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
ownership and management would
open for the season of 1891 on June
10th.
Five candidates were initiated in
the order Of the Iron Hall, an insur-
ance organization. The local lodge
had a membership of 46.
During the session of the General
Assembly an Act was passed author
izing the Mayor and Town Council
to issue bonds to the amount of $10,-
900 for street improvement.
The trustees of the Methodist Epis-
copal church of Oakland, at meeting
held during the week, determined to
erect a new church edifce, to cost
approximately $4,000. The building
committee was composed of Rev. c.
E. Clark, then pastor; George M. Ma
son, George L. Bosley, F. A. Thayer
and Truman w. Casteel.
TWENTY YEARS AGO
A meeting of the ladies of the COM
munity was called for the purpose of
organizing Civic Club.
The contract for the erection of an
addition to the Garrett National Bank
building was awarded to Messrs. Hol-
bert & Spedden, Fairmont contrac-
tors.
The marriage of Miss Sara Corne-
liza Laughlin, of Deer Park, and Mr..
Bushrod Grimes, Pittsburgh, was an
nounced, the ceremony having been
performed at Deer Park on the 23d.
The work of tearing down the Oak
land Hotel, which had been sold to a
company composed of Oakland men,
was under way.
Mr.. Charles F. Hammond purchased
the Green property located on Second
street, which included four large build
ing lots, with house and barn.
James P. Treacy purchased from
H. w. Hesen property at the corner of
Railroad and Second streets.