davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Another Method

IN the region of the brighter stars,
l. a different method will be en-
ployed to find the distances of the
stars, DR.. Shapley announces. This
method is known as that of spectre
scopic parallax.
When the light of q star is passed
through prism of spectroscope, it
forms a little rainbow which is
known as the spectrum.
Some years ago it was shown by
DR.. Walter S. Adams of the Mt.
Wilson observatory that there was
definite correlation between Ger
tain features of the spectrum, nota-
bly, the strength of certain lines in
it, and the absolute or real bright
ness of a star.
Consequently, it is possible to de-
termine stars real brightness
from its spectrum. Observation of
star gives its apparent brightness.
From these two it is possible to
compute the stars distance from the
earth.
The Harvard observatory has
done considerable work in the past
in the region of the brighter stars.
"Our own explorations of this ter
ritory are based largely on spectre
scopic paralaxes," DR.. Shapley says.
For several years at both the
southern and the northern stations
we have Systematically accumulated
spectrograms suitable for the work;
methods Of using the various classes
of spectra are under study at Har-
ward and elsewhere and it appears
probable that good criteria of alb
solute magnitudes will soon be
available for many of the spectral
classes.
1--WE can use in this survey not
only the plates specially collected
for the purpose, but also the tens
of thousands of short dispersion
spectrum plates in the Harvard
Photographic collection"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Job Riots

Doubtless many lessons will be drawn from Cleve-
lands unemployment riot.
Some will use it as rather vivid proof of the fact
which apparently has not been conveyed bv dull
statistics-that the unemployment problem really is
serious
Others Will use it as evidence that the jobless are
led by radicals bent violence distortion of the
Cleveland episode, but nevertheless one that suits the
purpose of propagandsts who would answer pleas for
work with tear gas bombs night sticks and if neces-
Sary machine guns.
Still others will point out that the roting of 10000
men over $500 emergency highway jobs demonstrates
the need for many emergency highway and
construction jobs than now are being provided bv
city, state and federal governments
But the most impressive part of the incident to
us is the fact that the unemployed want work That
should be rather obvious Unfortunately. It is not
obvious to many wel-fed leaders of opinion in the
country
Persons like Henry Ford are saying that the ex-
PLANTATION of unemployment is that the iobless dc
not want work. that they trying to escape work
Just how cruel and malicious that libel is can be
seen in the frenzied rush of $4,000 hungry men for
Clevelands $500 jobs
1t is terrible enough for our economic system IN
deny to 100000 men the primal right to work with
out compromising crime against them by the lie
that they are only lazy buns who will not work
anyway
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Counting Stars
NTHILE the number of stars Wis

NIHILE the number of stars Wis
w lhle to the naked eye on a
clear moonless night may seem as
countless as the poet has called
them, as matter of fact they are
nothing of the sort. Astronomers
have counted and cataloged them
for many years.
About 5000 stars are visible to
the unaided eye in both the north
ern and southern hemisphere. From
any one station, about 1000 stars
are to be seen with the unaided eye.
The region of the brighter stars
however, contains many stars in
addition to those visible to the un-
aided eye. DR.. Shapley says that
there are about 100000 stars in this
region which are revealed by power
full telescopes.
A large part of the problem in
volved in both the study of the
solar neighborhood and of the re-
gion Of the brighter stars is to as
certain the exact distances of indi-
vidual stars. These are needed to
determine the general distribution
OF the stars in space, information
which in turn is needed to shed
light upon the general structure of
the universe.
Since the stars move with speeds
which are within certain narrow
limits, the stars which show the
greatest apparent velocities across
the line of sight, or as the astrono-
mer puts it, the Largest proper
motions" are known to belong to
the solar neighborhood.
The exact distance of these stars
from the. earth then can be OBJ
tanned by parallax measurements.
This consists in measuring the
angle through which the star seems
to shift III two observations made
six months apart.
Since the earth is revolving
around the sun, this angle is the
apex of triangle which has the
diameter Of the earth's orbit for
base. Once the angle is measured,
the stars distance can be calcu-
lated by trigonometry.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Just Every Day Sense
BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A FTER a surfeit of fine writing and eerie plots
what relief it is to find a book like Villa
Gathers Shadows the Rock!" Simple direct
plain beautiful it relates the story of simple direct
and honest individuals.
All is set down in clear, short Anglo-Saxon words
and the result is impressive and as lasting as the
great rock of Quebec itself
Perhaps We enjoy stories like this so much be-
cause we have gone through a hectic period in
literature. Books have been lurid, sexy, dramatic,
powerful, thrilling, but seldom simple.
The novelists have sought to lay bare for their
readers the secret receSSeS of the human heart and
very often when you peeped into it, there was not
much worth seeing. Illicit love has held sway so
long that have almost forgotten that fidelity still
exists.
The psychoanalysts have led us into tangled rnazes
of inhbitionS, obSessions and neuroses. We are as
a consequence, left gaSping for good breath of
fresh clean air.
A ND writer like Miss Gather always can be de-
n pended upon to supply us with that. Pure air
for the mind is just necessary for decent living
as pure air for the lungs, perhaps more so.
To be sure, life is not such simple thing now
it for those characters who live again for us
in the city on the rock. We have cluttered up our
existence with a good many useless and vorrisome
trifes
And sometimes it takes lot of concentration for
US to see that most of our ag;tations uncalled
for, and activities that so wear us out are not
essential at all for our happiness.
When the last word has been set down about men
and women we shall find that the old things are
the only things that are real and that simple
pleasures give the purest joy.
The time-worn truths are the substantial truths
The reactions of individuals to life are inamemoral
and practically unchangng.
The lurid may hold US for time, but in the end
we shall come back to the sane and solid loneliness
of living, just we return. with contented sigh
rom Jazz novels to the kind of Sories that Miss
~~~~~~~~ ~N~~@'
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
M. E. Tracy
SAYS:

France Has Used the Peace
W o q E M e n t as q Smoke
Screen for Building Up a
Tremendous Military and
Financial PoaOer.
NEW YORK, Sept. 1O-Nhy all
l ' the stewing over that world
court decision2 Judges are human
like the rest of us. When preju-
dice is strong enough, they react to
it. AS for legal experiences, what
does it prove, but an ability to
make the law mean anything?
Those who are trying to psyche
analyze the world court through its
seven-to-eight verdict miss the
real point. A distinctly pro-French
sentiment and distinctly anti
French sentiment have come to be
the dominating forces of interna-
tioal politics.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Let's ConCede Point

A DMITTING that splendid iso-
L n lation" is out of the question,
that international politics has come
to stay, that we must take interest
in world affairs whether we like it
or not, shouldn't we make some al
lowance for those peculiarities
which are produced by environment
and which are unacceptable by
products of the past?
We know that Europe couldn't
make us over in generation. Why
not concede that we can't make
Europe over, or that, even if we
could we might do a bad job?
To the same extent that certain
European customs and traditions
are irksome to us, isn't it fair to
assume that ours are irksome to
EUROPE?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Life Span Depends on Heredity

public health of Johns Hopkins
university.
The life cycle Of the ordinary fruit
fly is short one. The average age
OF a generation is nine to eleven
days. After years of study on the
lie OF this fly the investigators
were able to develop experiments
which showed the factors govern
ing the duration of life.
1t was found for instance that the
rate of mortality was profoundly
influenced by the density of the
population.
When certain number of the
flies together occupied a limited
space such as was represented by
the bottle in which they were
grown, the volume of air, the vol
ume of food and the area of food
surface being constant, the crowd
ing definitely influenced the rate at
which the flies died.
Whenever the optimal density
was exceeded, the death rate in
creased.
In an endeavor to determine what
1t is that is inherited that makes
one family live longer than another.
Professor Raymond Pearl of Johns
Hopkins university concluded that
the thing might be characterized
as inherent vitality"
The human being is conceived as
an aggregation of matter that has
the property of automatically
changing food or energy into heat
work, component matter of itself.
or waste.
obviously human beings are diff
ferently organized and vary in the
manner in which they utilize the
products of the earth in sustain
ing life. The inherent vitality is
the total potential capacity of the
organism to perform actions neces-
Sary to life.
or course, the more rapidly the
person uses up his inherent vitality
the more likely he is to die soon.
1hlS conclusion is of the utmost
Importance in considering a plan of
/ @~~S NNSc@OtoC ~ JOll4IS QG1lIlLPlV TO
the fact that the length of life de-
pends inversely on the rate of
living.
With this fundamental premise in
mind it is possible to formulate GER
tain factors that influence long
evity.
Sir William Osler said that much
depends ION the quality of arterial
tissue vital RUBBER which the in
dividual has inherited" Another
way of saying the same thing was
the famous proverb, Man is as old
as his arteries"
Today the main causes of death
are related to the blood and its cir
culation. Heart trouble causes one
out of every seven deaths.
Diseases of the kidney are re-
sponsible for 148 deaths of each
100000 persons between the ages of
As and 81 years, and high blood
pressure is given credit for 40
deaths in this group.
The conditions mentioned are de-
tectable and comfortable to some
extent in their early stages. Their
onset is insidious. They can net be
detected except by the scientific
tests that are known to any we'll
trained physician.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Trace Il to France

TERMANY'S situation IS trace
VI able largely to the clever man
ipulation of credit by French finan-
ciers and the equally clever ag-
gressiveness of French politicians.
Ground is not lacking for ascrib-
ing much of England'S trouble to
the same source.
One might go even. farther and
find reason to believe that some
of our own difficulties in Latin
America are due to pro-French
feeling, developed through the ju-
dicious exercise of influence and
the judicious manipulation of funds,
all by private, though patriotic, citi-
ZenS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
We Don't Understand

TINE French are right when they
l. say that we Americans do not
understand them, do not appreciate
the problems they face, or the pre-
cautions they must take.
AS matter Of fact, we Americans
do not understand any phase of
European politics very well. We
lack the background. We have no
knowledge of what it means to
wdell beside formidable neighbors.
We have not engaged in a dozen
wars, half of which turned against
us.
We have no old grudges to square
or old wounds to heal. We have
been uniformly victorious, and have
acquired enough territory through
easy conquest, or purchase, to make
us feel safe and sufficient.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Robbed of Experience

VXTE Americans are in position
w to laugh at Imperialism, to
reject a policy of colonization, to
get along without a big standing
army. We are not overcrowded, or
threatened with bristling frontiers.
We are differently circumstanced
than France, or any other first
class country.
While such a situation enables us
to develop a new and broader
perspective On internationl affairs,
it robs us of those practical ex-
periences which have played such
part in fashioning the European
attitude and which can not be dis
counted too lightly.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
chief Of European bankruptcy and world trade

chief cause of European bankruptcy and world trade
stagnation, prolonging cur own depression.
Any of these sufficient reason for cutting the
American military budget. But forget them all and
the necessity of large tax increases in the midst of
depression is enough by itself to force an arms cut if
our politicians have any sanity.
Fortunately, politicians such as Chairman Will
Wood of the house appropriations committee and
Chairman French of the house naval appropriations
subcommittee have been shocked by the overpowerng
deficit. They promise to prune the navy money de-
mands
That there is room for pruning the following fig
ures will show:
The navy department and big navy senators de-
mand armament costing an additional 81 O04 OOo-
600. The state department has informed the League
of Nations that militarynaval expenditures for
the year just ended-the year of the billion
defcit-amounted to $726,OOOO0O.
President Hoovers official figures reveal that our
militarynaval cost jumped only s266OOoooo pre-
war to an estimated annual average in the Hoover
administration Of almost $780000O0O.
Mr.. Hoover, in his last budget message stated that
II cents in every dollar goes for new war preparation
Public debt charges-chiefy costs-take 26 cents
And 81 cents is taken by pensions and veterans
relief.
Thus, about two-thirds of the huge federal budget
is eaten up by war charges. These are official fig
ures; they can not be ignored as propaganda There
is no chance of cutting the present and continuing
cost of past wars Only the armament cost which is
provoking another war can be cut.
If the taxpayers object to a three billion dollar
deficit it is time tor public pressure on the President
and congress
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
Play Clever Game

TN one sense of the word, this is
L great compliment to French
genius. The Quay D'Orsay has
played a masterful game since 1913;
first, by capitalizing sympathy;
afterward, by using the peace move
ment as a smoke screen for building
up tremendous military and
financial power.
The French army, French gold
reserve and French influence at
half a dozen European capitals
leave no doubt as to what certain
school of French statesmen think
France deserves as a reward of VIC
tory.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
SingIeneSS of Purpose

MO one can help admiring the
1 Y singleness of purpose with
which France has charted and
Steered her course through all the
ups and downs.
Whether at Versailles, Or Sedan,
she has chung to the same ambition
and the same faith. Whether
struggling alone, or rescued by a
great coalition, she has believed in
her destiny, has visualized herself
as the rightfully dominant nation
IL European affairs.
No animosity is required to
recognize the French attitude as a
factor which must be reckoned
with, not as a passing wave of
emotionalism brought on by recent
perils and sufferings, but as a
traditional state of mind.
France has not changed. She is
the same, old, brilliant, ambitious
country she has been for a thou
sand years.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
The Baby Dies
,Nulty was 7 months old.

Michael McNulty was months old
His father had been out of work in Chicago for
a year. His mother had been without sufficient food
to nurse him properly. Two days after the family
had been evicted, his father got job. But before
the first weeks pay envelope came the baby took
sick"
In few days the physician wrote on his death
certificate:
starvation and malnutriton"
President Hoover has said that mo one must
starve in America" How many Michael McNultys
one wonders, will there be among the nations
100000 babies who must go through the coming win
ter? In nation whose Golfers and granaries are
bursting with gold and wheat, one starved baby is
too many.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
What is st. EImo's fire?

1t occurs chiefly in thundery
weather and is brush discharge of
electricity in the shape of small jets
and flames coming chiefly from
pointed objects such as lightning
rods, the masts and spars of vessels,
the angles of roofs, fence posts, etc.
The discharge often is accompanied
by kissing and cracking sound.
It's luminosity is comparatively fee
BILE, hence the phenomenon is OBJ
served more often by night than
by day, frequently occurring during
snow storms.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
SCIENCE
.RY DAV1n DIE1H

Stars Are Not Countless, but
Really Can Be Determined
By Experts of the Firma-
ment.
THE great majority of stars visi-
y bic to the unaided eye lie with
in definite zone within our galaxy.
Strange as it may seem to the Law
man, they are not the stars which
are closest to the earth.
The great majority Of stars which
are closest to our earth, or to our
sun, are small or dwarf stars visi-
BILE only in powerful telescopes.
The Harvard observatory, which
has embarked upon a survey of the
universe, designateS these two re-
gionS or zones by names.
The volume of space around the
solar system which contains the
dwarf stars has been named the
solar neighborhood." The zone
which contains the naked-eye stars
has been named the region of the
brighter stars"
Each of these regions viii be the
subject of special studies in the
Harvard survey. The survey, under
the leadership of DR.. Harlow Shap-
ley, director of the observatory, Will
employ the services Of thirty as
tronomers.
The great majority of naked-eye
stars, according to DR.. Shapley, lie
between the distance limits of fifty
and 500 light-years. A hght-year is
100000, 100000 miles.
This does not mean that there
are no stars visible to the unaided
eye which are more distant than
500 light-years. 1t only means that
the great majority lie within this
limit.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
ZZZZTxSS
Lb1Tk1e7
}AMNlVER$ARY|
JAPS TO HELP RUSSIA
Sept. 10

ON Sept. 10, 1917, viscount Ishii,
" in the name Of the mikado,
pledged Japan's support to Russia,
On the same day of this pro-
nouncement, Russian troops were
taking the offensive in the region
of Segevold, and forcing the Ger
mans back in southerIy direction.
Turkish reinforcementS were
thrown into the campaign along the
Isonzo front.
The steamer Vanadis, formerly q
private yacht and purchased by the
Russian government for patrol duty,
was sunk in mid-ocean by an in
ternal explosion.
Meantime, Korniloff's revolt
against the provisional government
! of Russia was being crystaIIized into
action.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
DAILY HEALTH SERVICE :

years, whereas among 128 persons
whose parents died before so years
of age the average life was 1913
years.
Only recently have scientific
biologists begun to apply the ex-
perimental method in an endeavor
to learn the factors that actually
control the duration of life.
Many of the most important
studies have been made in the de-
partment of biometry and vital sta
tisticS of the school of hygiene and
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10

GQlGOI 14IIlC0-A 1CCCO4 W CA4C
peoples Voice. headed Work,
Not Charity, Is Wanted" signed by
Mrs. H. H." is extremely inter
esting, not only because it is I'M
usually well written, but because it
sounds a fine note of courage, Of
self-sacrifice and of independence.
We must admit frankly that the
schools can not solve the funda-
mental problem raised by Mrs. H.
H. in her letter, namely, the Sc
curing of employment for her hus-
band so that he may properly feed,
clothe and house his family and
send his children to school.
1t is a truism SO say that there
is no class of public officials more
closely in touch with and keenly
aware of the suffering which our
financial depression is causing than
are the school teachers.
Every day in the thousands of
classrooms all over the city prin-
cipals and teachers come in daily
contact with the problem of chill
dren who are hungry and parents
who are worried because they can
not properly feed and clothe their
children.
Although it is obvious the schools
could not and can not act as an
employment agency, there are GER
tain steps which the school au-
thorities did take to aid parents
to keep their children in school.
Last winter, under direction of
our social service department, free
milk in the elementary schools was
furnished daily for a period of five
months to more than 5000 boys and
girls. We are planning to do the
same thing this coming winter
The same department furnished
books and clothing to more than
1000 children between the ages of
and is years. These children
either would not have come to
school or having come would have
accomplished little.
About $50 scholarships from
funds given by the indianapolis
Foundation, the indianapolis Fed
Grafton of Parent Teacher Associa-
tions, and private sources we're
awarded to high school pupils by
the social service department.
These pupils could not have had
high school education.
In each of the high schools the
principals arranged work in the
cafeterias and in other ways for
hundreds of children who badly
needed the money they could earn.
In addition to this, scores of
teachers, whose names never will
be known, gave a large amount of
money from their private funds to
children under their care and of
course all of them contributed to
various charitable movements
through gifts to the Community
Fund, through their lodges,
churches, etc.
Our funds for these purposes are
limited, but we do want to assure
Mrs. H. H. and the thousands of
other mothers whom she represents
that we are very sympathetic with
their problem, that we are proud
f; of the splendid spirit in which they
are meeting the present situation,
and that we shall do all that it is
humanity possible, with our limited
facilities, to help them educate
their children.
PATTI, q STETS0N
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
BY DR.. MORRIS FIsHBEIN
Editor Journal OF the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia. the
Health Magazine,

CIR HUMPHREY ROLLESTON is
~ convinced, as are also practical
ly all who have made a scientific
study of the subject, that heredity
is the most important factor in de-
termining the span of life.
Among 1874 persons whose parents
both lived more than eighty years,
the average age at death was SIT
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-09-10
AOA Y. . I q OOIN,
Superintendent of Schools

Editor Times-No wonder the
Reds are gaining such Roadway in
this country when all over the
United States there are thousands
and thousands of Woodworking peo-
pie without jobs. who are unable
to raise one penny by way of first
mortgage of any kind on their
property.
E At the same time these people see
the United States government and
the big banks loaning millions Of
dollars to European countries while
they must sit and starve or sacri-
fee their property to the unscrupu-
lous financiers organized all over