davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
War in Laboratory

THE tests begun at the Ford
l. laboratory are only half the
battle. Once the effects of corro-
sion are charted, the real part of
the battle begins. 1t is to find ways
of fighting corrosion.
"Corrosion in metals starts from
the surface, and in a structure that
is largely surface it must be pre-
vented from ever starting" McCloud
says
Another reason for this surface
Importance is the type of corrosion
in light metal alloys. namely, inter-
crystalline.
"Steel, in contrast, is affected
mostly by pitting Of the surface, but
the light alloys become corroded
along their grain boundaries with
out of necessity being pitted.
This makes it generally much
more difficult to detect by observa-
ton and the effect may be quite
pronounced without being appreci-
ably visible.
''If we consider the effect of COR
rosion on the two types of metal,
that on steel is to lower its tensile
strength and that on light alloys
to lower its elongation or extensi-
bility."
In one test, study of protective
coatings over light metals, bars Of
thin duraluminum we're exposed to
corrosive conditions.
1.-THE test pieces McCloud re-
ports, were coated as desired and
then tied together with cord i'll
groups with half-inch wooden spa
GERS between them.
''These packages were placed in
salt spray box so that they were
in a horizontal position and edge
wise. This produced uniform cor
roding conditions"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Lacks the Funds

TINE two senators believe that
l. existing conditions call for re-
discount of certain loans, which
local banks have made, or accepted
as security, and have no parent in
stitution to handle for them.
This is particularly true of loans
against real estate, as well as loans
against certain bonds and stocks.
Some have thought that the
federal reserve system might be
modified, or expanded to take care
of the frozen credit thus accumu-
lated, but Senator Glass believes it
could be done better by the federal
land banks.
In his opinion, the nation is in
possession of adequate machinery
but lacks the necessary funds.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Questions and
Answers

How many automobiles are there
in the United States, and which
states have the higher registra-
tiOnS?
In 1880, the total number of reg
istered automobiles was %, 042, $40
New York had 1,966,981; California
had 1,91o,969; Ohio had 1,565.093
and Pennsylvania had 1,5S4,834.
Is there any way to determine the
age of hard shell turtle?
There is no sure way. In most
instances the plates are examined
closely with microscope for ex-
pansion or rings on the scales
which are counted the same as
those Of tree.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
SCIENCE
BY DAVID DIETZ

4
All Metal Airplanes Havs
Spurred Chemists to De-
Uelop N e 10 Protection
Against Corrosion.
.DEvELOPMENT of the aIl-metaI
II airplane has given the chemist
a new reason for attacking an al
ready important problem, namely,
how to prevent the corroSion OF
metals.
Not only must the all-metal air.
plane cope with the corrosion due
to flying through clouds, fog and
damp air, but in the case of flights
along the sea coasts or over the
ocean, the plane must endure the
effects of salt spray.
AS a first step in the solution OF
the problem. a series of expert
nientS have been undertaken by the
Ford Motor Engineering Laboratory
in which various metals and alloys
used in airplane construction are
subjected to salt spray.
These experiments are described
in paper prepared for the Ameri-
can Chemical Society by j. L. Nc
Cloud of the Ford laboratory.
The coming of the metal airplane
has brought new problems for the
chemist in protecting the surface of
the ship against decay, according to
McCioud.
The metal ships" he says, ARE
constructed largely of alloys, with
some use of mixed construction as
OF steel and aluminium alloys.
1.-THE choice of these metals is
governed largely by what may be
called form, that is, if the mem
Der must be of a certain strength
and is large enough to have in
herent stiffness, it may be of steel,
otherwise it will be of aluminium
allows"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
the current muddle of economic
thought. SUBSCRIBER.

GIlc CurISIlG LuuQQl6 Oh ECONOMIC
thought. SUBSCRIBER.
Editor Times-It affords me great
pleasure again to commend you on
many of your editorials.
I was especially attracted to your
recent splendid articles on the util-
ity situation.
The people are becoming very
tired Of the manner in which our
public Service commission is han
ding the utility situation in this
state. From every source you hear
complaints about excessive utility
rates. The complaints of the people
seem unheard and, if heard, UNI
needed.
i When the party to which I belong
dominates a man for Governor of
this state, I sincerely hope that we
may find a man who viii pledge
himself to see that there is a new
deal given the people in our public
service commission.
Your articles are of such charac-
ter that you should receive thou
sands of letters from the people who
would be willing to back you up in
your splendid efforts.
Organized monopoly fast is driv-
ing the individual out of business.
1t is closing the door of opportun-
ity to the boys and girls, and I
believe that if this situation con-
tinues, it will bring disaster to the
country.
Let out candidate be a man of
words and actions, man in whom
our people will repose their con-
f1dence. The slogan should be:
Proper regulation Of utilities, with
assurance of lower rates." and re-
open the door of opportunity to the
boys and girls of our country.
Keep up your good work and re-
ceive the plaudits of your fellow
citizens all over the state.
B. M. RALSTON.
Editor Times-Your interesting
article, "Cats Alarmed by Dog Pound
Plans" has come to my attention
The idea of a haven for stray cats,
as we'll as dogs, is splendid and
long-needed one in Indianapolis.
To any lover of animals, the sight
of starving cat is just as painful
as a starving dog.
I certainly hope that the safety
board carries out this plan of DR..
Elizabeth Conger. Let me say fer
vently, she is doing noble work.
NJ. H. JONES.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
EZHNSS
97d6AEF b1TFlE|
ANNIVERSARY
AMERICANS IN ACTION
o. o.


ON Oct. 27, 1917, it was an
~ nounced formally that Ameri-
can troops in France had fired their
first shot in trench warfare.
American artillerymen. using
French "75," opened fire on the Ger
man lines. 500 yards distant. The
shell case was preserved to be sent
to President Wilson.
Meantime, the Germans on the
Isonzo front claimed the Austro-
German forces had captured 10000
prisoners and 500 big guns. The
Italians made a stand, holding the
enemy in check in the passes west
of the Isonzo river leading to the
Venetian plains.
Five hundred thousand Austrians
and Germans were reported facing
the Italian lines.
French troops under General
Petain continued to press back the
Germans in Flanders.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the

Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
Health Magazine.
ID ENZENE or benzol is one of the
ID most important industrial poi
sons. Formerly naphtha and ben
zene were used in place of benzol.
Benzol is used largely as a solvent
in extraction work, as for extract
ing oils and greases. The largest
commercial use, aside from gaso-
line, is for manufacturing rubber
cement and other rubber articles,
brake Innings, artificial leather,
lacquers and paint and varnish re-
movers.
Obviously in such work there is
great danger of inhaling benzol,
and there is plenty of evidence that
the inhaling of fumes has poisonous
effects.
There is destruction of the blood
cells and there is besides this an
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27

crushed down by oppressive toll. With minor con-
hcts out Of the way, it will be evident to men
and women alike that this is the real issue to be faced
Women perhaps because experience has taught
them so much about the relative utility of abstract
Justice and concrete seshness in accomplishing de-
sired ends will be quicker to apply the lessons of
5alf-nerest to this greater problem and to perceive
nat well-being for the wealthy not e1@t without
cll-beng for ALL
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Something Must Be Done


THERE is lot of paper backed
4 by land and buildings, and it
ought to be the best kind of paper.
One reason why it is not is the
fraud, deceit, and transformation
which a slipshod system of tax
alton permits and invites.
The constitution of practically
every state calls for full, honest
valuation of real property, but how
many localities comply?
Cities, towns, and counties
throughout the country vie with
one another to hold down valuation
to get an advantage in the assess
ment levied against them by the
state, except when they have to
boost it to get by with a bond
issue.
Manifestly, something will have to
be done to rectify that situation be-
fore land paper plays the part it
should in our credit system.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
It Is to Laugh

WE go to great lengths in ap-
w praising land, because it and
what is on it, or under it, carry the
chief burden of local taxes.
We have books containing the 10
cation, description and ownership of
practically every piece of land in
this country.
They ought to furnish very accu-
rate information as to the value of
that land, but do they?
If they did, we would have far
less difficulty in handling mort
cages, or land notes, though some
of us might find it harder to get
them in the first place.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Salt Air Damaging

TINE salt spray box was ar
il ranged so that the test pieces
were surrounded continuously by a
fog of spray from a 20 per cent So
dunn chloride bath. Air blown into
the box through a nozzle produced
this condition.
AS the pieces deteriorated n the
corrosive atmosphere, repeated num-
berS of them were re-teSted for the
same tensile properties and these
properties were plotted against time.
The experiment enabled the
chemists to determine the protection
value of the various coatings as
we'll as the requirements of these
coatings from the consumers point
of view. Results of the tests were
summarized as follows:
''These experiments are, of course,
difficult to evaluate in terms Of air.
plane service since of necessity it
varies so much. In a ship con-
structed of duraluminum, in the
usual service over land, no protec-
ton is necessary except for the skin.
But for sea and coastal service it
becomes of necessity in direct pro-
portion to the exposure Of the ship
to salt air and spray.
Requirements from the consul
mers' viewpoint, are the actual pro-
lection of the metal from corrosion,
measured not only by the visual de-
fects in the coated metal, but by the
physical property of the coated and
exposed metal pieces of an alloy
that may be corroded; adherence Of
the coating with maximum elasticity
and surface appearance and its re-
tention."
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Facts Are Too Strong

MAKING every allowance for the
1V1 effect of external conditions
on American business, much of its
trouble can be traced to internal
weakness.
The fact that we have idle dol
lars, as we'll as idle men, hardly can
be interpreted otherwise than as
revealing a fundamental defect in
our credit system. The fact that
many people are boarding money
bespeaks lack of confidence which
ought not to exist.
The fact that mortgages, ven
doris lien notes, and other securi-
ties, backed by land and perma-
nent improvements on the land, can
not be moved shows that there is
something wrong with the mechan-
ism.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27

II the coming winter is going to be as hard as
they say, many man will be wearing reunion suit
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27

Was the United States the first
country to use electricity for light
ing and motive power?
In the sense of the modern APP
phcation of electricity for lighting
and motive power, the United States
was the first to use it in appreciable
quantities.
Has Scotland been conquered by
any nation?
Not in the sense that sovereignty
over 1t was acquired by force Of
arms.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27

Looking back to 1929, investors probably will re-
allze now that stocks also are something you g..
your foot into
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-27
Most Dependable Assets

MOST UGp0nddDl6 ASSETS
DEFORE we get through with the
ID job, if we do it properly, we
probably shall have to adopt meas
ures tending to stabilize land and
building values, or at all events,
tending to make more accurate in
formation with regard to them
available.
1t goes without saying that land
and its improvements represent
the most dependable assets we have,
but there is no phase of economics
in which we have not done better
work when it comes to reliable in
formation.
If you want to know what a par
ticular piece of land is worth, how
do you find out? You ask some
real estate man, or try to learn
what was paid for a nearby parcel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05

because he knows the five-dollar PEN
atty has been tripled and he win have
to appear In court for trial. II he
thought he had to pay fve dollars, or
even two dollars and half, he would
not run past o stop signal. He knows
pretty well, under present conditions,
that the odds against paying anything
are In his favor.
The ceaseless hunt for new penalties,
higher penalties. coupled with the
equally insistent hunt for methods that
will cut down court congestion" by
increasing the difficulties already facing
the motorist with a real complaint who
demands the trial Of somebody who ran
into him and smashed a fender, Is as
tiresome as 1t is futile.
If there is at present disposition on
the part of motorists to run past stop
signals-and most people will agree
that there is-the way to stop 1t Is to
arrest the offenders and impose the
fines that the law now permits. So 1t
Is with other trafic violations. Nothing
much will be accomplished by tripling
the penalty and by mandatory appear
ance in Police Court. In a couple OF
years, anyway, somebody would recon-
mend that in order to reduce court con-
gestion, the hght-skippers should be
allowed to deposit collateral.
If the traff1c regulations are being
fagrantly abused, the police might ex-
pertinent with rigid enforcement for a
few weeks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05
Who Is Responsible
For the Depression
10 the EDITOR Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The census shows that business must
make an average of 80 per cent OF gross
profit before It makes any net proft
and that 1875 per cent OF that gross
profit Is taken to pay rent. Is 1t
ly none but the best equipped could
succeed In making any profit.
So long as land spectators are per-
mitted by law to hold out OF use the
greater part Of our best lands, thus
causing extortionate prices Of land, and
land owners are permitted by law to
hold out Of use large percentage OF
our improved lands by demands for ex-
tortionate rents, we must have recurrent
industrial depression and unemploy-
ment. For it Is obvious that high price
Of land prevents q large part Of our
people from acquiring 1t for use, thus
restricting development and so dimin-
1Sh1ng purchasing power, and that ex-
tortionate rent has taken all the proflt
of about 20 per cent of our poorer bust
ness people and forced them to quit,
and taken such a large part Of the
profit Of most of the rest that many
have made no net profit at all and very
many so little net profit that their pur-
chasing power has been greatly reduced,
and that very few have normal profit left.
And so 1t is with wage workers and
farmers and professional people.
The only remedy is penalty on land
held out of use.
Can you tell the public why this as
pect OF the case, which is certainly the
most important aspect of all, Is not now
publicly discussed by any political
economist, any statesman, any editor?
Would they rather have the land specu-
lators get their unearned profits and
the landlords get the excess above nor
NAL rent than have recurrent industrial
depression and unemployment abolished?
c. B. HEMINGWAY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Castles.
There's O building boom in Nowhere
Land
IT'S the one that comes each year,
When the Spring is new
And the skies grow blue
And the south wind whispers cheer.
With Fancy rs architect, we've planned
(His charges are small but fair)
improvements great
For each vast estate
And our castles in the air.
It's only a minute we need to see
The mipa~ets and towers
In beauty rise
Meath our very eyes
And these treasures all are ours.
Your likes may be fickle and strange
and free,
FOR easily you repair
The wreck that falls
When the old charm pals
In your castles in the air.
When the golden rivers Of twilight start
And the scarlet sun sinks low,
It's o journey slight
To that land Of light
Where the maybe blossoms blow,
And it,s only the friend With the honest
heart
Who has followed through III and fair
Who can be your guest
As you dream and rest
In your castle in the air.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05
Higher Fines.

On the basis OF the relative serious
ness OF such violations, it may be proper
TO increase the fines or compel appear
ance in court for those motorists who
run past red lights, park double in the
congested area or are careless in the
way they move out from the curb.
But If the authorities are considering
the imposition Of these heavier penal
ties in the hope and belief that such
action will cut down the number Of the
violations, they are headed along the
wrong track.
It does not take crime commission
Investigation to reveal the motives of
the motorist who runs past red light.
He does it either accidentally or be-
cause the absence Of any policeman
strengthens his assurance that he can
get away with it. A motorist who parks
double in the downtown area does not
do 50 because he feels that, If
caught, he can AFFORD to pay the five
dollar fine now imposed. He does 1t be-
cause he believes he will not get caught.
Nor do the motorists who interfere
with moving trafic In drawing out from
the curb" commit such an offense be-
cause the fine Is only five dollars, In
stead Of the proposed ten dollars. Con-
versely, no motorist who runs past q
red liaht is going to cease that practice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05

workers, and that the workers have not
been whole-heartedly cooperating In
the intensive production program Of the
Soviet government. Reports to that ef-
feet have been received frequently dur
ing recent months. Incompetence In
the shops. it Is stated, has, for example,
resulted in the failure Of q large num-
Der Of the tractors that have been manu-
featured under the 'plan." Whether
the fault has been mechanical inability
or intentional damage or poor work
manship, this order now issued, making
"carelessneSs" crime, would seem to
have been designed to correct the fault.
But the question is whether workmen
In factories or on the farms can be
made efficient and careful by threat of
penal reprisal. In fact, this difaculty
which the court order is intended to
correct lies close to the whole matter
Of Soviet control. Can men be made
uniformly efficient by law? Can the
traits Of a race be changed by ukase?
Is 1t possible to dictate" uniformity of
conduct and skill?
Communism such as that which
forms the basis Of the Russian organi-
zation aims at the reduction of the in
dividual to type. at the destruction Of
personality and the substitution of Q
human machine. In Russia the tyran-
meal dictatorship of the proletariat"
seeks to fiatten out every trait of char
acter that makes one person distinctive
from others. Even the educational
processes attempt to make all minds
work alike. But those very educational
processes are operating to a contrary
end, for as the people are taught to use
their minds, however rigid the molds
set at the beginning, they will develop
their natural independence of thought,
and the time win come. perhaps shortly,
when the "moujik," the Russian peasant
and artisan, will seek freedom from such
harsh rule.
The counter revolution sweeping away
the Soviet organization may be post
poned by the imposition Of more and
more severe rules Of conduct, with
prison or exile-which means virtual
slavery-as penalty for disobedience or
failure. But to expect such measures
to establish permanent tyranny is to
look for that which Is humanity impos-
Gdhle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-05
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

Senator Frederick Hale, Republican,
Of Maine, who's just reached home
after bear hunting in Alaska, bringing
three cubs with him for the Washing
ton Zoo, Is as handy with his fists as
he Is with big-game rife. Once upon
q time the chairman Of the Senate
Naval Affairs Committee was an ANA
teur lightweight boxing champion. He
still ranks as the Shiftiest man in the
Senate with S-ounce gloves and keeps in
practice at the Senate gym. BY an
amusing coincidence, the House naval
chairman, another FTed-Britten Of
Illinois-also used to be an amateur
pugilist Hale and Britten wouldn't
mind fighting 1t out with the paciflstS
any time under Queensberry rules.
4
Central High School, Washington,
D. c., has a distinctly political flavor,
so far as its roster of principals Is con-
cerned. The principal is named Smith.
and his chief assistants are named, re-
spectively, Hoover and Coolidge. One
OF the current and most authoritative
books on Russia now extant, 1.-THE Eco
nomic Life Of Soviet Russia" has as its
author Calvin B. Hoover. Mr.. Hoover
is q young professor at Duke Untver-
sity, Durham, N. c. It's said that his
namesake's volume has attracted the
Presidents lively interest. Prof. Hoo
yer, who was a private in Pershing's
Army, spent the years 1927 and 1928
studying the Soviet system.
X
Secretary of Labor Doak has drafted
the statistical expert of the Dawes Rep
arations Commission, Col. Leonard P.
AyreS, Cleveland banker, for the special
committee formed to study technolog-
ical unemployment in the United States.
Many folks credited Ayres with being
one of the real brains behind the
Dawes plan. He is Connecticut
Yankee and was chief statistician OF
the A. E. F. in France.
Senator Henry F. Ashurst, Democrat,
of Arizona Is back at the Capitol after
a tour of his States numerous Indian
He visited every one OF
them. and also hobnobbed at a score
of Indian villages. Arizona's redskin
is around 10000, mostly
Navaios. It's not as prosperous as the
Usage Indian tribes in neighboring
Oklahoma, which contains a stable
group of aboriginal millionaires, who
got that way out Of oil gushers. Ari--
zona's Indians live on blankets ana
(Copyrisht, 1917