davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1931-06-24

executive who will report on the extent
Of relief and welfare needs Of his ter
ritory and determine the adequacy OF
local relief and welfare resources. Local
fund-raising campaigns VIII be held
simultaneously in the Fall.
This procedure" Eaid Allen T. Burns,
executive director, ''haS been dictated
by the obvious necessity OF knowing
exactly what we are about before decsd-
ing upon plans for securing funds. with
accurate information from S7e eom-
munities before Us, we shall be able %
determine exactly the sums needed.
both from public and private sources,
and to lay our fund raising plans ac-
cordingly. Any attempt at this time to
arrive at q total amount would be pre-
mature.
Evening star., 1931-06-24
Festival to Be Held.

E7ERNDON, Va, June "a Especially =
ice cream and strawberry festival
ii be held in the station park Satur-
" afternoon and evening for the
nefit Of the Fortnightly Club library
Hiding fund.
Evening star., 1931-06-24

Although only $500 farmers in Great
|itain are using electricity, it is seven
nes the number five years ago.
Evening star., 1931-06-24

Americans residing in Canada at
present number 2ls,5O2, those in
France 25,s6l and In Great Britain
Evening star., 1931-06-24

Nearly $4,000 passenger automobiles
were made In Germany last year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
DOMESTIC BONDS
. HOLD STEAD|NESS
Foreign Dollar Issues Drop
Under South American
Influences.
NV FL. RICHARDSON.

Special Dispatch 20 The star
NEW YORK. May Domestic
bonds remained steady today in the
face Of continued weakness in stocks,
while the foreign dollar list moved
downward under the influence of po-
litical developments in South America, q
much larger Australian deficit than an
ticipated and the poor showing in COM
modify markets over the week end,
Money rates were down IN new lows.
With 9o-day time loans available At l 4
to ~ per cent, with call money at It's
lowest since 1908 and both markets SC
abundantlv supplied that urofhctal rates
were 4 to p per cent lower still.
The feature of the day was the $3.50
900 900 conversion issue Of the Cana
dian government There ts no portion
Of this loan payable In New York funds
but Wall Street was interested in II
because Of. the large amounts of the
bonds being refunded that are held In
this country. No market was estah-
lished for the bonds except on con-
version basis. but Toronto quoted 104s4
for the new bonds and unofficia1lv the
price here was given as ranging from
40 to 4.40 per cent WELD basis. Both
rates were excellent reflections Of Cana
da's credit. Outstanding Canadian
bonds were active and firm.
Liberty fourth Alas, Liberty first
4i4s. Liberty 3i2s and some Treasury
issues climbed to new record highs.
from 2-32 to s-22 above their best
prices Of 1927 Prime corpora ton is
sues. such as Atchison general IS, made
their best prices since 1912 Other
actively stronger high-grade bonds
were Baltimore b Ohio first As.
American Telephone SIS. Boston a.
Maine SIS. Rrooklyn-r attain Transit
S., Canadian Pacific As, Big Four E
412s, Consolidated Gas SIPS. Inland
Steel 41as. National Dairy Products
5lis and New York Telephone 4l2s.
There we're reports that New York
Telephone will shortly sell $4,000, 900
of new bonds here
The strength extended TO municipals
and rail equipments. in which trading
is entirely over the counter. Junior
railroad bonds-the feature of lost
weeks market-did not show any
tendency to yield any Ct their recent
gains.
Argentina's troubles we're reflected
with declines Of 2 to points in the
Government bonds and by similar Losses
in the municipal and railroad issues of
Lnf country. Ine oHerln2S were 3D-
sorbed readily, however, bv speculative
clement who recalled the sharp recovery
Of these bonds from the last break.
Other South Americans were generally
weaker in sympathy.
Australian issues were inclined TO sag
fractionallv The federal deficit was
reported 40 sa6. 900 Ono for the past 10
months. Other reports revealed large
decrease In Australia's foreign trade.
Analysis nf the situation point out. how
ever. that Australians trade in the past
has been given to violent falls and rises.
Downright, 1857
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
Buying for Profit
nv GEORGE Y. HUGHES.

Among the practices misleading TO
investors enumerated by Richard Whit
ney, president of the New York Stock
Excha nge, IN a recent address was: The
danger of confusing extraordinary and
homecoming items with current
income
Just what Mr.. Whitney meant can
be illustrated by an annual report in
which there was no such danger of mis-
leading the stockholder, namely. that Of
Standard Oil of New York. The 1880
statement Of this corporation showed
a profit after taxes interest, deprecia =
ton and depletion OF s16,496.727. There
are 17s4o.4 02 shares of Standard Oil
Co. outstanding so that this profit was
equivalent to 80 cents a share. How
ever. Standard Of New York sold in
March Of 1880 to United Gas Corpora :
ton its Magnolia Gas properties. On
this sale there was realized profit to
the seller Of s23.749,471. which is sep
arately stated in the income account
Added to the profit already given from
current operations there 10 total OF
$40 .246.13s which is equivalent to 1925
q share on the stock
II is At once evident that were these
two items Jumped in the report with
out any explanation. shareholders would
nave TtEelPGO' Ell uEQI1H JsNET4DlP III
preston. The statement given out by
Standard OF New York was very sim
pie and easy to understand but many
financial commentators gave the larger
amount per snare as the earnings
Inclusion in an earnings account nj
any special receipts such as tax re-
fund might also be nnisinterpreted " al
the facts were not given. Most CORPORA :
tons and al Of the leading ones pursue
a correct course in this particular. but
once in while something Is concealed
and it is. this which the exchange pro-
poses 70 fight against.
IT, should also be remembered in
studying balance sheet that special
income often swells the cash item m
the asset side without permanently inn
proving the Corporations position. Ar
instance is the floating Of bond issue
just before the statement is given OF;
so that the proceeds appear as cash for
the time being. A strong current asset
showing Is desirable and reassuring. but
II ic also necessary that the way ir
which this position vas reached b.
clearly set forth.
tCopvriRht, 1871
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
Wall Street Briefs

81 the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. May t.-WeEtinghouse
Electric g. Manufacturing Co. has OBJ
tanned from National Tube Co, orders for
90 electric motors rating from TO 4Oo
horsepower.
Magma Copper Co. plans TO cease
operations June II for = slT-Veek
SUMMER vacation period. compared
with a four-week suspension last year
United Verde Copper Co. plans to dis
continue the production If copper at
Jerome and Clarkdale, Arizs for an
indefinite period.
stockholders of Advance Rurnley 60.
of record Nav is will vote May % on
the proposed sale, exchange ana as
nosition Of certain assets 10 the Ais
Chalmers Manufacturing Co.
Standard Oil Co. Of New Jersey has
contracted for all future gas produc-
ton in the Tioea County, Pa, felo.
Colby NJ. Chester. president Of Gen,
eral Foods Corporation, said sales ano
earnings in April showed an improve
nent over April Of last year.
. snec;aI meeting of stockholders nj
REYNOLDS Spring Co. has been caHeo
for Nav % to vote on retirement OF All
outstanding preferred stocks, consistlng
Of 5000 shares of class A preferred ana
J 500 shares of class p preferred, pur-
chased and now held by the COMPANY;
Stockholders also Uill act on proposal
10 eliminate the authorized preferred
and 10 reduce the authorized common
stock 70 100000 shares from l,ooo,ooo
shares.
Consolidated Dairy Products GO. mas
notified stockholders 1t he's received an
offer from National Dairy Corporation
10 purchase the assets Of the company
at 2 value equivalent to 1923 snare.
This offer. will he considered AZ
meeting which was called for May l3
to consider an offer from Beatrice
Creamery Co. equivalent 10 s8,4o a
share.
Charles Earl. president of Mother
Lode Coalition Mines. said at the an
nusl meeting that no new ore has been
discovered, but the company has de-
vcloped 2 supply of ore which prob
eblv will keep the company operating
approximat ely three years The COM
pany has curtailcd production of cop
per because of the low price of the
metal he said. and the cost Of produc-
ton is still below the present selling
price for copper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
SMOKING INCREASE
AIDING COMPANIES
But Tobacco Farmer Fails to
Benefit Because of Over
production.
NEW YORK. Nav II MAMA

NEW YORK. May II MANA -
Smoking ,s on the increase The Lead
ing tobacco companies are doing eycep-
ttonallv well. But the tobacco farmer
is having 2 hard time Why? The
Federal Farm Board says this years
crop of hurley tobacco will exceed con-
sumption by almost 800 per cent!
The average amount that goes No IN
smoke" each year is approximately
200 600. 600 pounds The quantity eY-
over $50. 600. 900 pounds Normally,
this surplus might be taken I'D by push
inc exports During the I926-27 season.
for instance three times the usual total
was thus shipped out Of the country.
At present. this outlet IS practically
closed, so far as SURPRISES are con-
cerned.
No doubt the fall in silver. which at
first seems remote from the problem,
has something to do with this export
etagnation. The United States along
with England and other countries
found q tremendous market for clga-
rettes in China, where the habit spread
ike wildfre. With the value OF Chinese
silver money shot To pieces. the publlc
huvipr power was badly hit and the
average Chinese. who has little enough
to spend at best, has cut down on
smokes.
Aside from that. the raisers Of TO-
bacco have been guilty of overproduc-
ton in the same way as many other
agrtculturists. Such moves as the re-
cent one for an embargo on Sumatran
hurfev tobacco will avail little unless
these people try few home remeoies
as weil-cutting down on acreage lot
instance.
Cartwright 1881. By me North American
Neu@psrer Alliance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
APRIL QUIET MONTH
FOR COTTON CLOTHS
SHIPMENTS for Period Eaualed
217,5s2,000 Yards, or 9e.3
Per Cent Of Production.
Ey the Associated Press.

Eg the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, May lt.--Arrtl proved
. nuiet month from the standpoint Of
new business In standard cotton cloths,
the Association Of Cotton Textile Mer-
chants reported today,
The. development was 70 be expected,
the association said, sitter three con-
secutiye months Of large orders: but.
despite the drop in new business last
month. total shipments and sales since
the first Of the year are about 2 per
cent IN excess Of production and I'M
filled orders still are larger than the
stocks on hand.
April production amounted to 225,-
o55, 900 yards, a weekly rate of So 49,
600 yards for the four weeks covered
by the report Shipments totaled 217.-
$4,000 yards. equal to 9S.3 per cent of
production, and sales booked amounted
to 137.74e,000 yards, or 81 per cent Of
production.
Stocks on hand at the end Of April
totaled 2s2,154.00o yards. representing
an increase of per cent during the
month. Unified orders as Of April 80
we're 29411s,o00 yards, decrease Of
2l3 per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
Washington Produce
Rutter-one-pcund prints. %: Tub. 2

Rutter-One- pound prints %: tub. %.
Egge-Hennery, IT. current receipts,
Is.
Poultry, alive TURKEYS, hens, 2Aa95;
toms. 2oa22; Spring broilers, 35a3s:
Leghcrnss broilers, 3oa35; Winter chick
ems. soa32 hens, 20a22: Leghorns, 1s;
roosters. 12al4; ducks, Is; keats, young,
7saso; old, 40. Dressed--spring broil-
ers, A3a4S; Winter chickens. 3saA0:
hens. Is; Leghorns, 22a23: roosters, is;
keats. young. 7oaa0; old. so.
Meats-Beef, 12lqal4: veal. 12al4:
lamb. 20a22: pork loins. 81 fresh hams,
49, fresh shoulders. IA: smoked hams,
20 smoked shoulders, 12te; strip bacon,
%; lard, in packages, II: in bulk, II.
Fruits-Cantaloupes California. Jun
hos, 5000: fancy, $50: standards. $50.
strawberries. 25Oa5O0: apples, bushel
baskets, 1.50a275; box stock. 2.5Oa2.7S:
5oo grapes Arseotina ors g2Ss
California, 350a4.0 90; Florida. 4.00a47s;
lemons, 5.00a5 so; lines. per 100, 800;
noneydews 3.O0a3.50: grapefruit, 2.75a
800; cherries, 2.25s3.00.
Veeetables-Potatoes new. per barrel
s.50a6.oo old, 12o-pound sacks, 2.6os
ITS: Idaho bakers, 1oo-pound sacks
$50: sweets, l.75s2.0o; cabbage. 75s
] IS: tomatoes, repacks, Span contain
ers. 3.5Oa4.Oo: Mexico, Tugs, 5.00a600:
peas. 1.S0a200; string beans. 1.50a2 90;
lettuce, Iceberg. 3.75 North Carolina
7Sa1 so: Summer squash, 2.50a3 90;
peppers. 2.50a4.00; beets, per crate
Z 90: carrots. per crate 800; kale
4Oa5O: spinach, 40aS0; caulihower. $50
a3.o0: mushrooms, mostly 100; rad
ishes per 100 punches, 2.00a250:
Spring onions. per 100 punches. 2.00a
$50; asparagus, l.50a4.00; cucumbers
4.00a4.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
CALL MONEY RATE. !.
NOW AT | PER CENT.
Price Returns to Low Level
for First Time Since
September 8, 1903.

~ the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, MAY ti.-For the FIRST
time since September Q, 1904, call
money renewed At per cent today at.
the New York Stock Exchange leaning
desk.
The renewal rate, witch is the inter-
est charged on previously contracted
brokers borrowings, reflects conditions
In the short-term money market. and
today's extremely lou ngtire was an
aftermath of the recent cut in the New
York Federal Reserve Ranks redtscount
rate TO Ia per cent. With few in
terruptions caused by temporary ard
minor stringency due TO seasonal In
fuences. the Stock Exchange renewal
rate has been ! y per cent for some
time.
The highest call money rate stnce
the establishment Of the Federal re-
serve system was inangurated was 80
per cent, on November u, 1919, but the
record Is the t2S per cent that appeared
In October. 1907. during the money
panic when bankers organized an
emergency money pool.
Unusually high rates of interest On
speculative borrowings appeared IN the
Spring Of 1929. when the bull market
was booming toward its peak. On
March rs of that year call money
scared TO 20 per cent and on the fol-
lowing day IT. renewed at Is per cent.
Back In the 90s the rate got IS low az
one-half Of / per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
w.. B. & A. BONDS MAY
BE GIVEN COM MlTTEE
Agreement Of Deposit Provides
That Protective Group May Han
die Mortgage Obligations

spectal D,spatch to The star.
BALTIMORE. Nav 1l.-An additional
provision Of considerable importance TO
the holders Of Washington Baltimore
n ANNAPOLIS first mortgage per cent
bonds has been made IN the agreement
Of deposit under which the obligations
NAV be placed with the Bcndhclders'
Protective Committee.
This provision in the deposit agree
ment STIMULATES that thu possible e2-
penses to the hondholders will be
limited to approximately liz per cent,
predicated on the number of bonds
deposited With the Maryland Trust co.
depository. The Bondholders Pro-
tective Committee is headed by Hey
ward e. Boyce, president of the Mary
land Trust Co., and includes repre-
sentative OF the Cleveland Trust Co..
trustee under the mortgage.
II was also announced by the COM
nnittee that Simon Block Of Nelson,
Cook e. Co. local bankers, has been
added to the Protective Committee,
which. in addition to MFR. Boyce and the
Cleveland Trust Co. representative. in
cludes James G. Fsrhagen of Robert
Garrett & Sons. John G. Legs. jr, OF
Mackubin, Goodrich & Co. and julien
Stein Of stein Brothers e. Eoyce.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
SURPLUS FREIGHT CARS
SHOW DECREASE OF $3.50

Glass railroads on April % mao
ei4.22e surplus freight cars in good re-
oair and immediately available for
service. the car service division OF the
American Railway Association an
nounced today
This was q decrease Of 1880 cars
compared with April Is. AZ which time
there we're e22,27s surplus freight cars.
Surplus coal cars on April % totaleo
$50 sflS an increase of 2, 093 cars within
week while surplus box cars totaled
Gas GAS. a decrease OF 2,52e cars for the
same period
Esports also showed 1920 surplus
stock cars. = decrease Of 1.l94 below
the number reported on April is, while
surplus refrigerator cars totaled 1908
an increase Of 9s7 for the same period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
BOSTON WOOL MARKET

BOSTON, May II tSpecian The
encouraging feature of the wool market
today was the renewed interest of manu-
facturers in raw wool While few buy
ers have been willing to make commit
merlts. the change in attitude toward
offerings has tended to thwart bearish
sentiment developed in the last few
weeks. Original bag fine woods OF
French combing. average grade, and
strictly combing art quoted at SO 10 so,
with the bulk of French combing fine
woods ct SIS to 81.
Fine territory combing clean was
quoted today at 50; half blood, S6a5a;
three eighths blood, 4aa50, and quarter
blood 43a45 Fine Ohio 1eeces were
Quoted At 25a2s. grease basis half
blood. 23a2S three -atghths blood. a..
and quarter blood. a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11

F.. BALTIMORE. May II Especially -
Market for MARYLAND leaf tobacco sttrI
continues at q. standstill,. no sales hav-
ing been reported the past week while
receipts we're los hcssheads. making .
total Of 3.423 hogsheads In state to-
bscco warehouses.
Quotations today for Maryland leaf
onacco per 100 pounds: Inferior, s0Oa
1000: sound. common. 10.0oa ID 90 +.
good common. 22.Soa32.G0 medium,
32.S0a4o.00: good to fine red 40 .SOa
$500: fancy. 53.50s54.Oo. Seconds. corn
mon to good common. 1OOOa25 90:
medium. 2500s 500; good TO fine. g.. sos
$500: ground leaves. nominal: upper
country hurley. 7.00a 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
BANK STOCKS IMPROVE.

NEW YORK, May II ,Specian The
New Yorh City bank stock market dur
ing the past week registered the first
recovery in 10 weeks as indicated by
the dollar index figures compiled by
Morris A. Schapiro, statistician with
Holt, Rose 4, TroSter. Based upon MAY
. prices lS leading banks. and trust
company shares were quoted at IT'S
times known earrings. against 1877 times
at the close Of the previous week Thu
weld now stands 4.A02 per cent. against
4.571 per cent 2 week ago. Tho cur
rent yield COMPARES with a yield of
1868 per cent on December II. 1880
and with 1925 per cent on April 81 last
year. On May 8. 1880. the WELD war
242 per cent and the market times
earnings were 279.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
CHICAGO POTATO MARKET.

CHICAGO. May II fP.-Ecszpovs,
1T: on track. 2se: total United States
shipments Saturday. 1895. Sunday, % !;
old stock steady: trading fair: sacked
per cwt., Wisconsin round whites, 1.35a
las: Idaho Russets No l. 1.eoal IS; :
few fancy higher. New stock weak,
trading fair. sacked per cWt., Tsxas
Bliss Triumphs. 2.35a2.50: few fancy,
2.6Sa,2.75. small around 225: Alabama,
Louisiana, 210a2.So; mostly 2.2Sa2.35.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
BouRsE PRICES IRREGULAR.

PARIS. May II (P,.-Price changes
were irregular on the Bourse today.
Three per cent reptes, 80 francs so CEN
times. Five per cent loan. 100 francs.
Exchange on London, 124 francs "a
confines The dollar was quoted At IS
francs 5ets centirnes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
DRY GOODS MARKETS.

NEW YORK. May II Especially -
Gotten goods markets were fairly active
today. Print cloth quotations were un-
changed at S for 6Ax6os and ss4 for
6exT2s. Raw silks were quiet and url-
changed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
RUBBER MARKET.

NEW YORK, May IL fSpeclaiD =
Crude rubber. smoked ribbed sheets
was IA higher at today's noon qncts
tiOn OF 81 This compares wi1N o2s
< =. - 49, 14is ycar aRk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
Washington Stock Exchange

SALES.
Warrington Rwy. Il Flee 4s-s1 900 at
90, 81 900 at 60. 81 .001 at 90la.
Potomac Electric 51e@ pfd.--5 at 1904.
Mergenthaler Linotype-19 at 80, 10 at
80. 10 At so.
Peoples Drug Stores pfd.-l0 at 1o1,
at 10l.'
AFTER CALL.
Riggs National Bank--10 at $40. at
370. 2 at sac
Lanston Mcnotvpe ct 100.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11

Dividend rates abcve table the
yearly
+psrtly extra-tpIus
regular PAYABLE PAYABLE when earned
Plus
eu. soc special rrster-ed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-05-11
BAR SILVER QUOTATIONS.

NEW YORK. May II fP.-Bsr stlve,
quiet and 4 lower ut 2s.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-25

UNIVERSAL, Ina.
Daily Worker:
happen to be one who received a
slice of this GLORIOUS Humanitarian
Justice" that the bosses courts deal
with IA hundred and COSTS. Work
ers, just think of that for putting a
starving family back in their home
after they were evicted.
Workers, white and Negro, we can
only scare the bosses when we or
ganize ourselves into strong, militant
unions, such as the Trade Union
Unity League, which fights against
wage-cutS and rotten conditions that
the bosses are responsible for,
.-.o.- %. 1922 Sellout.
Don't depend on the American
Fake Federation or the old grandma,
U. M. w. A.. of John l.. Lewis. You
railway maintenance and all work
ers of America can't and must not
forget the 1922 strike, when those
noble, pretending labor leaders sold
out the maintenance strike and the
John Lewis machine double-crossed
the Kentucky, w. Va, Penn, miners
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-25
500 Pitts. Workers Cheer Mrs. Wright
In Packed ScOttSbOro Protest Meet

for Negro Rights, the two organiza-
tons that had rushed to the defense
Of the boys while the N.A.A.CP.
leaders were congratulating the
southern bosses on giving the boys
"a fair trial"
Other speakers were Robert Woods,
district secretary of the Trade Union
Unity League, Peinthia Hill, mem
Der Of the L.S.N.R. Both are facing
seven-year sentences in the boss
courts Of Pittsburgh for their &C
tivities in mobilizing the white and
Negro workers for the February 25
demonstration against unemploy-
ment, starvation, boss terror and
lynching. Nell Amter spoke on be-
half Of the young workers, pledging
their support in the fight to save the
boys
Ben Careathers, secretary Of the
Pittsburgh L,S.N.R., acted as charm
man, and further exposed the treach-
erous role of MIR. vann, editor of the
Courier, against the struggles Of the
workers to better their conditions
and in seeking TO knife the defense
OF the Scottsboro children.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-05-25
Gen. Ludendorf Says War Will Break Out in
1881; u. S. Govt RusheS Its War Preparations

workers to labor, conscripting 4,000,-
600 men into the army and through
various price schemes that will in
sure the bosses the maximum profits.
A new note was sounded by Her
bert Bayard Swope, one Of the wit
nesses testifying today Swope was
executive editor of the World He
declared that the moment war
breaks out a heavy censorship should
be clamped down to keep the masses
from knowing the truth. Enlightened
and informed public opinion in war, "
said SWope, is ideal. But the plan
is dangerous" Swope said the war
should be fought bitterly and furi-
ously, once it breaks out, under cap
itaist leadership, and all rights" of
the masses, such as free speech, etc,
should Immediately be abolished; the
newspapers controlled by an. open
capitalist dictatorship-all to one end
driving the war forward.