Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-04

needs OF the country, having regard,
among other things, to the desirability
Of promoting the close settlement and
intensive cultivation of the land.
Public Works Considered.
''The administration may arrange
with the Jewish agency mentioned in
Article to construct or operate, upon
fair and equitable terms, any public
works, services and utilities, and to de-
velop any Of the natural resources of
the country, In so far as these matters
are not directly undertaken by the adj
miniStraticn. Any such arrangements
shall provide that no profits distributed
by such agency, directly or indirectly.
shall exceed q reasonable rate of inter-
est on the capital, and any further
profits shall be utilized by 1t for the
benefit of the country in a manner APP
proved by the administration" (Arti-
What Is meant by Jewish national
homer" 1t has thus been explained BY
one authority: "a national home con-
notes a territory in which q people,
without receiving the rights of political
sovereignty, has nevertheless q recog-
nized legal position and receives the OPP
portunity OF developing its moral, social
and intellectual ideals" The British
government in 1922 thus defined the
conception:
e. When it is asked what Is meant
by the development of the Jewish ma
tional home in Palestine it may be
answered that it is not the imposition
Of a Jewish nationality upon the In
habitants of Palestine as whole, but
the further development Of the exist
ing Jewish community, with the assist
ance of Jews in other parts of the
world, in order that 1t may become Q
center in which the Jewish people as
a whole may take, on grounds of re-
ligion and race, an interest and pride.
There by Right.
"But, in order that this community
should have the best prospect Of free
development and provide full oppor-
tunity for the Jewish people to display
its capacities, it is essential that 1t
should know that 1t Is in Palestine as
of right and not on sufferance. That
IS the reason why 1t Is necessary that
the existence of q Jewish national home
in Palestine should be internationally
guaranteed that 1t should be formally
recognized to rest upon ancient historic
connection"
If words are not meaningless, II
purpose clearly expressed Is not sham,
then the obligation Of Great Britain
under the mandate is to exert her en-
deavors toward the achievement of
those elements of culture, economic
and social life which we know as o
nation. And a nation means people
and land on which they toll and live.
A national home for Jewish people in
Palestine means something wholly diff
ferent than individual and isolated Jews
living as they had lived and might live
in Poland or Rumania. A national
home means civilized integration Of q
people or it means nothing.
And with the aid of the Jews of the
world the Jews in Palestine have made
notable progress in building their home
land. They have poured treasures into
tn despoiled and neglected land. Above
all, they have reclaimed with love for
the land. They have drained pestilential
SwampS to bring health and refor-
estated bleak hillsides now sustain life.
| They have developed new crops and
introduced dourishing industries Sand
dunes have been turned into a city and
sterile countryside again blossom with
Biblical glory. They have developed
| electric power and are about to bring
forth vital substance even from the
Dead Sea. And all this has brought
! great benefit to the Arab masses who
thrive and multiply In contrast to his
brethren in neighboring Arab lands.
Criticism of Regime.
But the beneficent achievements of
the Jew have been misrepreSented and
the British administration has failed
to counterfeit miSchevious religious ex-
ploitations Of the poor and illiterate
feIlaheen. Moreover, the mandatory
has not fulfilled the active duties of
its obligation under the mandate.
The Mandates Commission Of the
League Of Nations In its report last
Summer says:
THE commission views with approval
the mandatory powers intention of
keeping Jewish immigration proper
tlonate to the country's capacity of
economic absorption, as clearing inti-
mated in the White Paper of 1922. Tho
commission Is inclined to ask whether
the obligation to encourage close set
tlement by the Jews on the land does
not-as measure for the preservation
of social order and economic euuilib-
rlum-imply the adoption of a more
active policy which would develop the
country's capacity to receive and absorb
immigrants in larger numbers with no
Ill results.
'Such a policy seems to have been
no more than outlined in the form of
encouragement and protection for em-
Dryo industries. It is quite clear, how
ever, that the Jewish national home.
so Tar as 1t has been established, has
sNA
organization.
"The mandate seemed to offer other
prospects TO the Jews. It must be rec
ognlzed that their charge against the
Palestine government, that it has not
Iulfllled, by actual deeds, the obliga-
tlon to encourage the establishment
OF the national home, has been notably
reinforced by the fact that the govern
menG mas shown itself unable to pro-
Vide the nncop1ffaI
development of the Jewish national
home-security for persons and prop
Want Program Executed.
The commission hopes that the
necessity OF continually acting as an
umpire between the hostile factions
VIII not prevent the Palestine govern
Hnent from proceeding to carry out a
OF the peaceful masses of the ponllla--l
lion more vigorously than hitherto. It
entertalns this hope not only because
such action is necessary for the COM
plete execution of the mandate. but
also because it believes that there is,
no better means of bringing about a
general pacification than TO encourage
ana organize in every possible way
enecIlVe cooperation between the vari-
Gus sections of the population.
Such an attitude on the part of the
mandatory power and all its agents
would aSsuredly have given them better
protection against the continual de-
mands OF the representatives of the two
parties. 1t would have enabled them to, i
convince the Arab fellaheen more easilyl;
OF the undeniable material advantages
that Palestine has derived from the
efforts OF the Zionists. Moreover by
enhancing the moral authority of the