davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
KentuckyMiners Hungry Blues
By AUNT MOLLY JACKSON

L and weared the hungry
a penny IN pocket o thing o
1 in my
Not a bite breakfast, a miners wife,
mines
Then he the office that gifts denied of
he
carbide
camp wi heads
All the in attn
barefooted a-cryin'
No food, clothes o our
ans ureth lie
CANT
don't your
those
head.
And work carbide
Don't load don't tilt
This mining town live in is a lonely place;
This mining town live in a
For pity starvation is pictured on everyf
Everybody hungry and ragged slippers
Everybody hungry and ragged SLIPPERS IN
All a-goin around cm place
Listen friends and comrades please advice
Don't put out your you get price
er/ en- at mass meas held in stai Geek Kenucay l. s3D
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

Upper Right British troops
searching Chinese worker for
revolutionary literature and arms.
Upper Left A revolutionist ex-
ecuted at the order of Chang Kali
shek. Lower Notifications of
the imperiaIists from which they
aid the Chinese capitalists murder
workers and peasants.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

ers from the docks and factories, de-
fled the imperialist might of the 81
warships of all sizes and all nations
laying at anchor with their frowning
guns facing the city, and calmly went
about their business with belts of
cartridges swung round their should
ers and heavy Mausers strapped to
their sides.
Such was Hankow before it turned
white" and the blood Of these heroic
workers ran like water as the Kuo-
n1intang butchers took vengeance.
But the executioner's knife never got
Comrade Suo Chou en. Warned and
secreted by the workers, his life was
saved as it was saved hundred
times before and afterward AS it
was saved earlier, in March that year,
when Canton went White" and
thousands were executed by Chang
Kai-sheks local general Ii Chi-sen.
Canton was Comrade Sous home,
if q seaman who had twenty years
sailing can be said to have home.
In Canton Comrsde Sou had his
first experiences of class struggle.
And in Canton and British Hong
Kong he had organized the most his
toric strike of Asiatic history in 1925,
a strike that tied up the two great
sea-ports of the East and brought
the naughty British to their knees.
Canton was the nerve center of the
Chinese revolution, and Sou Chou
jen was its leading spirit. Tireless,
modest and brave beyond all reckon
ing, Comrade Sou led the masses to
victory after victory in the two years
the strike lasted. Under his leader
ship the trade unions flourished and
the Communist Party rooted itself
deep into the hearts of the masses.
What more natural, then, than that
when the Canton workers in De-
cember 1927 rose in arms and elected
the first Soviet on the shores of the
Pacific, they elected Comrade Sou
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

C0mrade Pei was one of the out
standing leaders in the peasants
movement and a member of the
Central Committee Of the Com
munist Party of China. Last year
he was one Of the many Commu-
nists brutally murdered by Chang
Kai-shek.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
BY HARRISON GEORGE

Chairman of the Canton Soviet, the
first workers commune in the Far
East, Sou Chou jen, symbolized in his
own person the revolutionary soul of
the oppressed hundreds of millions Of
Asia.
met Comrade Sou fist at Han
kow, in 1927, at the sessions of the
Pacific Trade Union Congress,
when Hankow was besieged with
ring of white armies under Chang
Kai-sh and Feng Yu-hsiang, and
its "redness" already visibly fading
with inner treachery at the hands Of
the polished scoundrel, Wang Chin
Wei.
Sou was then Minister Of Labor IN
the left" Kuomintang government
And an unpleasant job it was, with
continual intrigue of Wang Ching
Wei and the reactionary military
leaders undermining the labor pro-
gram they publicly had to pretend to
support, and Sou continually having
to clash with the right wing" Com
munist leadership that consented to
all the stealing away of the rights of
the masses-particularly the disarm-
ing of the Red pickets"
These Red pickets" we're the
guardians of the revolution. Gaunt
from their lives Of starvation, they
kept revolutionary order. And woe to
the factory owner who refused to
obey the conditions set by the work
ers and legalized by the labor rode"
written by Sou Chou-jen. The Red
pickets" would gather up Mr.. Owner
and take him to the Jail provided
by the trade unions and let him
sweat there until he decided to
shorten the hours and lengthen the
pay as per the labor code"
1t was against the Communists,
with their labor code" and the Red
pickets" that the reaction finally I'M
loosed the most CHASTITY terror. But
Sou loved the Red pickets' as would
any revolutionary. Clothed in their
poor rags of blue denim, these work
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

-Four years ago, on Dec. IL, the first
Soviet arose in China, the Canton
Commune. 1t was drowned in blood
after three days blythe combined
forces of American, British and Jap
anese Imperialism with the local mi
litarist forces of Wang Ching-wei and
the Kuomintang. But the spirit of
this short-lived Commune swept
through the rebelling masses of south
and central China, giving birth to
the Chinese Red Army and the Soviet
Districts which today rule a territory
of 80 million population, successfully
repulsing the repeated attacks of
Chang Kai-Shek's armies of 100000
soldiers armed by America with the
most modern implements of war. The
Soviets in China have come to stay
They date their birth from the Can
ton Commune of Dec. II, 1927.
In the beginning of 1927, the great
upsurge of the revolutionary masses
had been headed by the allied Kuo-
mintang and Communist Parties,
which in few months swept from
the south up to the Yangtse Valley
and smashed the rule of the old mi
litarists Sun Chuang-fang, WI Pei
flu, Chang Tsung-chang, etc. But the
same class forces represented by the
old militarists, namely the landlords,
bankers and compradore elements,
quickly found representatives within
the Kuomintang, chief Of them being
Chang Kai-Shek. They amalgamated
the old militarist armies into the
Kuomintang and turned their guns
against the revolutionary masses who
had won their victories for them. The
Kuomintang split in two, Chang
Kai-shek heading the Marking re-
gime, while the majority of the Kuo-
mintang In alliance with the Com
munists, established the left" Han
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
Sou Chou>jien

Chao-jen as the chairman or the
president of that Soviet, though he
was a thousand miles away in Han
kow.
Comrade Sou was then risking his
life every moment for the Commun-
ist Party of China, building up the
the Party in the YangtzeS Valley,
quietly going from Hankow to Shang-
hal and back, fighting the opportun-
ist elements and building the Party
which was later to raise the red flag
of a Soviet China over 100000
people in Central China. ~ ~
Not a moment in that work was
Comrade Sou free from the threat Of
death at the hands of Chang Kali
sheks beheaders, as he Travelled with
prize of $4,000 gold on his head.
Hundreds Of simple workers have
been tortured to death to force them
to reveal Sous whereabouts. But not
one ever uttered work of betrayal,
not even when their flesh was being
cut off in pieces from their living
bodies! Such was the love and 10y
atty inspired by Sou Chao-j en, head
of the Canton Communei
Sou continued his work. More, he
took the still greater risk Of worming
his way through the imperialist
bloodhounds circling the 7,Soviet
border, and got to Moscow in. March
1928 to attend the Fourth Congress
of the Red International of Labor
Unions and, later, the sixth Congress
Of the Communist International.
But the privations and hardships
had told Comrade Sou was frail and
I, ILL.,
While he recovered somewhat dur
ing his stay as guest of. the Soviet
workers, he returned too soon to, duty
in China, and there, under the hard
ships of illegal work, he died Of ap-
lpendicitis early in 1929.
'Comrade Sou was a real leader,
pushed up by the millions OF toilers
Of the Far East in their struggle for
freedom. He was their leader, but he
belongs in the great heart, of the in
ter ational proletariat. Beside him.
Gandhi is an insect, sniveIling and
posing before the imperialist over
lords. Unlike Sun Yat-sen, the
bourgeois Nationalist, Sou avoided
personal fame.
Comrade Sou was no NOISY" revo-
lutionist. Except when addressing an
audience, his voice was rarely raised
above tone fol woconversation. He
was modest, yet daring. But he never
sweved from duty, and in opposing
wrong policies he was firm and full
Of fire. A real leaderi b.
This was the chairman of the first
Soviet in the Far East, the Canton
Commune! And though he is dead.
yet the soul of his courage and the
heart of his class loyalty lives on and
foreverl 1t lives in the Red Army
of Soviet China, now the only force
rallying the million masses in the
fight not only against the Japanese
seizure Of Manchuria, but against all
limperialisms now trying to dismem-
Der the whole nation! And upon the
red banner of victory there will be
inscribed together the story OF the
Canton Commune and the name of
Sou Chou-jen
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

RENEW YOUR OLD SUBSCRIP-
TION TO THE DAILY WORKER
NOW!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

koW government.
In a period Of a year Of open ac-
tivity in organizing the revolutionary
mass movement, the Chinese Com
munist Party had made magnificent
strides forward. The All-China Fed
erat:cn of Labor, led by such men as
Sou Chou-jen and Hsiang Chung-fa,
had orgeniGsd over two million mem
bers. The Peasant Leagues, ir which
the outstanding leader was Peng- pei,
had over 10 million members. These
mass organizations were under the
unchallenged leadership of the Com
munist Party.
1t was during this period of the
powerful sweep of the open mass Or
CARNATIONS, that the Chinese revolu-
ton was also brought closely to the
workers of the other countries. One
of the main instruments of the in
standardization of the Chinese Re-
volution was the Pan-Pacific Trade
Union Conference which opened IN
Hankow on May 20, 1927 with rep
resentatives. of the red trade unions
of China, Japan Soviet Union, Java,
France, England and the U. S. A.
Delegates from the Philippines, Aus
tralia and India were prevented by
their governments from attending,
but later joined the Pan-Pacific
Trade Union Secretariat established
there, and attended later conferences.
The P. P. T. U. s. was to be a great
extent product of the Chinese Re-
volution, spreading its influence
throughout the Pacific and the world,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
b. EhRL BROWDER

and in turn bringing to China the
help and epr CRIT of the revolutionary
movement of the other countries.
The tremendous rise of the power
Of the workers and peasants in China
frightened the cleft" Kuomintang
allies of the Communist Party of
China. Their own bourgeois class in
terests forbade them to continue
along the revolutionary path. They
began to develop the same policies in
Hankow as Chang Kai-shek in Nan
king. They demanded the disarming
Of the workers and peasants.
. Certain elements within the leader
ship of the Communist Party, weak
ened under these elements and coun-
seled surrender to the bourgeoisie.
These included Chen Du-shu, who
quickly turned renegade and became
leading Trotskyite, hiding his
treachery behind cleft" phrases. The
fight against disarming the workers
was led by Sou Chou-jen and Hsiang
Chung-fa, who were also supported
by the delegates from abroad to the
P. P. T. u. S: Sou was elected chair
man of the Canton Commune few
months later. and Hsiang became the
secretary of the Chinese Communist
Party when it purged itself of the
renegades.
The struggle over the disarming of
the workers and peasants broke up
the Hankow government, which, with
the dissolving of the alliance with
the Communis :, quickly surrendered
to Chang Ka-Shek. The cleft" Kuo-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
ny M. JAMES

Dec, IL. 1881, the fourth annivers-
Fry Of the the Canton Uprising, wit
esses the extension and consolida-
ion of the Chinese Soviet Power over
about one-sixth Of China proper with
its central government in Kiangsi
province as a revolutionary counter
pole to the reactionary Marking gov
eminent Of the Kuomintang and i'm
perialism. 1890
This Soviet road of development
was determined by the Canton Up
rising, which for the first time in the
Chinese history hoisted the soviet
flag in a commercial and political
center. The Canton Soviet showed
the way.
A Rearguard Against Reaction.
The Canton Uprising was an heroic
rearguard fight of the Chinese work.
ers and peasants to preserve the vic
,ry they had hitherto achieved and
} prepare a ground for further adj
,ance During the Great Chinese
Revolution in 1925-27, the Kuomin-
tang, fearing the increasing power
Of the Chinese workers and peasants,
burned its back against the Revolt
ton and shamelessly jumped into
the camp of imperialism. Chang
Kai-Shek, representing the Chinese
bourgeoisie and the right wing of
The Kuomintang, betrayed in April,
1927; and Wang Ching-Wei, repre-
senting at that time the petty bourg-
eoisie and the cleft wing of the Kuo.
nintang, betrayed In July, and both
united with the imperialist masters to
suppress the Revolution. This con-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

| mintangiteS with Wang Ching wei
at their head, then went to Canton
and with the army of Wang Ching
wei seized that city. The Army at
Nanchang revolted against the Kuo-
mintang and turned to the Commu-
mist Party under the leadership of
Ho-lung and Yeh-ting, marching
south toward Canton. A large section
of the army in Canton turned to the
Communist Party and joined with
the armed workers and peasants. In
this situation Wang Ching-wei and
Chang Fa-kwei, so-called "lefts" de-
manded the Communist forces lay
down their arms and surrender to
their forces.
But there were to be no more dis
arming by Chinese workers and pea
SAINTS. Instead of obeying Wang
Ching-wei, the revolutionary soldiers,
workers and peasants proclaimed the
Canton Soviet. with the program of
confiscation of the land, the banks,
and imperialist-held industries, the
eight hour day for workers, etc. They
smashed the landlord banker imper-
ialist government of Wang Ching-wei.
For four days the Canton Soviet
held power. The U. S., Japanese and
English warships interviewed on be-
half Of the counter-revolution = and
drowned it in one Of the most brutal,
monstrous blood baths that history
has ever seen.
The Canton Soviet was crushed.
But its spirit was invincible. Soviets
sprang up throughout the provinces
of Kiangsi, Human, Fukien and
northern Kwangtung. Today after
four years they solidly rule an area
comprising 80 million puoplation, and
are protected by q Red Army of
workers and peasants steeled in years
Of successful battle against the Kuo-
mintang militarists.
Today the bloody hangmen of the
Revolution, the Kuomintang, slaugh-
tering the flower of the Chinese
people, have handed over China to
the partition between the Imperialist
Powers. Japan's seizure of Manchu-
ria is the first big action in this
partition. In the dungeons of Nam
king are the Secretary of the P. P.
T. U. S., Noulen (Ruegg) and his
wife, awaiting death sentences. War
against the Chinese people, against
the Chinese Soviet Power, is being
carried on jointly by the Kuomin-
tang and the Japanese, U. s., British
and French imperialists, as a pre-
Jude to the world war, against the
U. S. S. r., and for the redivision Of
the whole world.
On the anniversary of the glorious
Canton Commune, let the workers
of the whole world declare with one
voice:
Long live the Chinese Soviet Power,
the only power that can defend the
Chinese people!
Down with the imperiahst united
front of war against the Chinese
masses!
Defend the Soviet Union, father
land of the oppressed Of the whole
world
Long live the glorious Canton
Communei
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19
The Canton
Uprising

claimed by the Soviet Government
included the eight hour day, unem-
ployment insurance, naturalization
of big enterprises, transportation and
banks, increase of wages, nationals
cation Of land, allowance of land to
the peasants, liquidation of the land
lords and the gentry, freedom Of
association, organization and press
of the toiling masses, etc. Besides, the
guiding principle of the foregoing
policy of the Soviet Government
was: the defense of the Soviet Union
and the overthrow of imperialism
This revolutionary program can
never be forgotten by the Chinese
toiling masses. In fact. they are now
realizing it in actual life!
The Canton Soviet Drowned in Blood
Revolution precipitates the con-
solicitation of counter-revolution." 1t
was natural that the Kuomintang
powers all came together to smash
the Canton Soviet. The militarists
who had fled to Honan and Hong
Kong, gathered their forces from var
ious parts of the province to launch
a counter-attack on Canton, under
the protection and with the DELHI
crate support of the Japanese, AM
erican, British, French and other i'm
perialists whose gunboats transported
the Kuonintang army across the
Pearl river and bombarded Canton re-
peatedly. The workers and peasants
in Canton repulsed several times the
Canton Soviet to the last drop of
their blood. Late on the second day
of the uprising, the Kuomintang mi
litarists who got reinforcements from
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

luded the revolutionary period and
ppened the reactionary period for
he Kuomintang.
The workers and peasants in HUI
nan and Kiangsi had resisted the
suomintang, imperialist reaction in
he form of uprisings and failed. The
canton proletariat, who were faced
18th the following alternative: either
o accept the challenge to struggle,
IF to yield without struggle" They
ccepted the challenge. Under the
'adership of the Communist Party,
pre- than twenty thousand workers,
,e thousand and six hundred sold
edes and two thousand peasants, at
shree o'clock in the morning, Dec.
18th, 1927, started the Uprising and
stormed the heavens" The heroic
truggle of the workers and peasants
defeated the superior forces of the
left" wing of the Kuomintang which
efo,ie the uprising controlled Canton
he Kuomintang militarists, includ-
llg Chang Fa-KWei, the So-called
-0t-side General, fled to Honan, on
10 other side of the Pearl River.
I'VE, hours after the uprising, the Red
lag. the flag of the worker and
easants, flew over the whole city of
anton. The heroic struggle was
anticipated in by adult, young and
omen workers, the soldiers and the
sasants. 1t was mass struggle.
turing the first day of the uprising,
lore than eight thousands workers
pluntarily asked for rifles to fight
yainst the militarists.
The Historical Canton Soviet
The Canton proletariat, right after
5.eir seizure of power, smashed the
ID bureaucratic state machine of
ne exploiters and established their
relationship in the form of the Can
IN Soviet for the interests of the
|orkers and the toiling masses. The
bviet Government was formed with
ofnrade Sou Chou-Jen as it's chair
an. The revolutionary program pro-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

various quarters, launched the final
attack. upon Canton on two fronts.
The workers and peasant were de-
feated and the Canton Soviet was
drowned in blood on the third day of
its establishment.
A reign of extreme white terror
prevailed over Canton after the Kuo-
mintang reaction regained control.
Over five thousand workers, many
Of them young boys and girls, were
murdered in the most cruel manner.
The reactionary rule of the Kuomin-
tang and Imperialism was again set
upon the mountain Of corpses of the
workers and peasants! The white
terror spread from Canton to all parts
of China under the counter-revolu-
tionary flag of the Kuomintang.
The Chinese Workers and Peasants
Carrying on the Fight.
Although the Canton proletariat
and its allies were defeated, the Can
ton uprising has everlasting historical
significance of national and inter-
national Importance. 1t opened the
new stage of proletarian hegemony
the higher stage of the Chinese Re
volution, the Soviet stage. 1t con-
firmed to the workers and peasants
in China and in all colonial and ca
pitalist countries the feminist posi-
ton that the Soviets are the basic
and historically inevitable form in
which alone can be accomplished the
revolutionary emancipation both of
the proletariat of the capitalist coun-
tries and of the toilng masses of the
backward and colonial countries.
After four years of the Canton up
rising, the Soviet power in China
stands as an indestructable monu-
ment to the heroic Canton workers
and peasants who sacrificed their
life to show the way.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-19

Down with the japanese i'm
perialist invasion of Manchuria.
Down with the KuonintanE, the
agents Of imperialism!
Smash the Intervention moves OF
Imperialism against the Soviet
Union!
Down with the war on the Chin
csc masses! s,F-
Long live the full Independence
of China!
Long live the Chinese Red Armyi
Long live the Chinese Soviets!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

ONCE he had loved this grill I'm be fair"
he said
Fear and cowardice left her. IT trust In my
own SOUL" she told herself, quoting BrowningS
lines that can perceive the outward and the
inward, Natures good and Gods"
Extraordinary hours followed. They were
happy ones TO George The two people who
meant most to him were together under his
roof Wearing the mask Of friendship his
brother and the woman he loved carried on
their fight. Every one Of her words and
gestures Noel watched He was sizing her up
with deep anxiety so that he might save his
brother from falling into pit. But he could
see this girl only as the young and thoughtless
creature who had made q fool Of him.
Then came Sunday night and his announce
ment Of a climax which threw her into despair.
your butler" he said to his brother, takes
photographs, I hear. I'm going TO borrow his
dark room and develop my telltale films"
"A good idea" said George
Ann sprang to her feet, excused herself and
followed Noel out els there no way by which
can stop you from doing this thing?"
mo" He had never seen her look so lovely
Is she did.
There is nothing can say or do to make
you hold your hand7"
mo"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-03-29

unable to answer because torture gripped In
throat.
THAT you and Noel are such good friends b
a great delight to me-" He paid an unconscious
tribute to the self-restraint which those two
had succeeded IN maintaining during all those
tragic hours. What was to be the end?
The talk remained one-slded All Ann could
do was to cling to the man who loved her and
whom she loved and wait for the sword to fan.
The old clock marked OF the brief moments d
her reprieve
And then Noel came back. With a quick looh
at his brother and the girl he had tried 20 Win
he went to the fireplace and stood with In
back to it.
"Well, now we shall know" said George.
Ann hung upon NoerS words.
"As a matter Of fact we shant. was hope
less with a camera in those Monte Carlo days,
Not shot comes OUT
what? There's nothing Of that wOmanf~
Nothing at ALL" he said.
George went over TO the window. neW
moon lay on its back. "Wen, let her MoAt oh
the waters Of the Swift River to the Open Seas
he said
Noel threw the unbroken ron Of film into tn
hottest part Of the IRE and bowed with 3D.
miration TO the girl who had proved 10
courage and love. 'tfa
pr tcOpyrisht 1ss1.J
~