davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-11-06
LESSON NUMBER 6

LESSON NUMBER 6
 Defensive and Attacking OvercaIii In the preceding five lessons w have covered every type of openint biI and, if you have applied these lessons fin practice at the bridge table. you have passed the nrs milestone of good contract bridge by learning how to make sounc onening bid at any position at th' table. regardless of the type O. hand held. ,,, We are now ready to study dif' ferent types of bids-those known as defensive and attacking over calls.
 Any overcall of an adverse open, ing bid has hitherto been termed for want of a better name, a de- fensiye bid. such a term, in com mon acceptance, is not only made ouate because non-descriptive bu' is. in fact, misnomer, for there are defensive overcalls and there are attacking overcalls-unreiate i'm strength and unrelated In ln- tent and purpose. To assign single classification to a purely de- fensiye measure as represented by A minimum overcall, and to an at- lacking measure as embodied Tn the informative double or Jump oyercall and to designate them col lectively as defensive bids Is mis- leading, so we might just as well do a little missionary work and at least christen them with proper names.
 Our discussion of the activities of the adversaries following an opening bid will receive treatment under the proper headings: A. De fensive Overcalls. B. Attacking Overcalls.
 calls
 Defensive bidding qualities prim-- arily as interference tactics ana hence there fig more art than science in good defensive bidding Any attempt to reduce the dls- cussion to purely mathematlcai basis is bound to meet with dlsap- polntment. There Is mathemati- cal schedule provided, of course but 1t Is subject to modification and governed by the particular situation in hand.
 The several clements entering into the defensive bid may be enumerated as follows:
 |. Card length and strength.
 2. The score.
 2. The personal equation.
 (a) Character and tcmpera
 mcnt of the adversarics.
 (b) Character and tcmpera-
 ment of the partner.
 We will discuss these in the or der named. But first let us deter mine defensive bid in terms of the position of the bidder. This fig most important. A defensive bid necessarily confines itself to Il minimum 0yercall by Second Hand of an adverse opening bid by Dealer; a minimum overcall by Third Hand of an opening bid by Second Hand or a minimum over call by Fourth Hand after an orig inaI bid by Thrld Hand. Any over call by Fourth Hand of a less than game bid by Dealer is obviously for attack and cannot be qualified as a defensive measure. Tn" Fourth Hand bid will be discussed subse- quentIy in this lesson.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR A SIMPLE
 OVERCALL
 The requirements necessary to make simple overcall obviously must vary with the size of the bid to bo overcalled. Where the de- fcnsive bid may be made with one of suit. as for instance, one dia- mond over one club or one heart over one diamond. the strength re-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-11-06
DAILY NEWS LETTER
By EUGENE LYONS

United Press Stan COrrcspondcnD
 Moscow-Elsewher in the world the opening of a new industrial plant is a prosaic affair, of interest only to the stockholders and the employees. But in the Soviet Union 1t is an event of national impor- tance. attended by all the patriotic outbursts due to a great victory.
 The national fervor that marked
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-11-06

Wife (awakening suddenly): heard a noise, dear; I'm sure it's a burglar.
 'Husband: We'll that's all right. He'll get nothing here but practice. Liverpool. England Echo.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-11-06
REQUIREMENTS FOR A SIMPLE
 OVE,RCALL

The requirements necessary to make a simple overcall obviously must vary with the size of the bid to be overcalled Where the de- fensive bid may be made with one of suit. as for instance, one dia- mond over one club or one heart over one diamond, the strength re-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-11-06

Jerry: You used to boast that your love for pretty girls was just a passing fancy. And yet you got married.
 Jim: Yes, I fingered too long in passing the last one.-Answers.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19

/. A. Brandloxd, Of
the board said he haa nsd
through the United ~ De-
partment OF the interio fhas lhe
average price received i seyai-
" gas in montana WAS about
cents a thousand es9 feet
He estimated the stats wpula De-
rive about $500 monthly from the
Cut Bank field
The resolution fixing The 9lioe
follows
The board unanimously aecid-
ed to accept the sum Of %nts
per 900 cubic feet tor ~ roy
atty gas IN the Cut Baak field
so long as the posted fleia price
or prevailing field prizes gas
produced ID that field duaa not
exceed 4.s cents per 00a cubic
feet, except however. rosalls gas
produced from leases Ia whieh
the minimum value OF the states
royalty gas IS fixed ct eeRts
per 600 cubic feet, aud xesld-
cd that II al any time The aAme
company or persons which are
the states f3xalsy
gas. from the United States of
from any other party at = higb-
Or price than 40 cents per geo
cubic feet. then such higher price
shall also apply 10 the psases
royalty gas.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19

Faced by Batter opposition
from Frcsiaent Hoover. from
secretary BEegl0n and from
powerful financfal interests,
indapendonf producers have
moved In On Congress and
are re-opening their Sight
for = tariff on imports Of
petroleum products.
A formal request for relief.
worded as petitioning letter.
was sent to each member Of the
house and senate BY Writ Frank
lin OF Ardmore and Tulsa, Okla.
president Of the Independent Pc
troleum association.
Hoover Opposed
Proponents Of tariff viii drive
right ahead regardless Of Presi-
dent Hoover's plea in his message
for no general revision Of exist
ing schedules
FranklEn's letter 20 the mem
bers OF congress requested your
careful confederation OF the needs
Of the petroleum industry
and imperative necessity for Ell
Their proper tariff protection
or some adequate restriction up
on the importation OF cheap for
eign oil now entering our ports
to the practical destruction Of this
American business.
Greedy Importers
He said it Is utterly impos-
sibIe foa American petroleum
products to compete with the
foreign oil. and that continuation
OF free Importation must mean
the ultimate disappearance OF the
American independent producer.
refiner and marketer"
To aid In farm relief. he urg
ed the petroleum tariff so farm
ers could receive greater bonus
es and royalties. while he predict
ed at least 14.400 persons would
be added to the merchant mar
inc in coastwlde oil shipping IL
the industry we're restored.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19

second only to bootlegging as q
major illegal industry IN The
United states.
Crest Loss
According 20 Walter r. Brit
tan, secretary OF the committee.
Investigation has revealed that
fully 10 per cent OF the nations
gas taxes are being evaded. with
a resultant profit to the evaderz
Of not less than $50 100000
yearly
Prior 70 the meeting. the COM
mittee met with Governor J. r..
Erickson. the state board OF
equalization and the attorney
general, receiving assurance Of
fullest cooperation from these
officials.
Montana Not Bad
The Investigation 50 far carried
on by the committee Indicates
that tax evasions In this state are
much less proportionately than
the national average, Brittan de-
cIared. lie said however that de-
IinquencIes for 1881 already to-
tai $50. e00. leading TO the be-
lief that total loss OF the state
from tax evasion this year will
amount to about ? OF 3 percent
Of the amount due.
e. r. Battson Of Butte is chair
man OF the state committee.
Those serving in addition to MIR.
Battson and Mr.. Britain are P.
n. Forth. Yale on corporation;
e. L. Allen. AFRO OIL and Refin-
Ing company; C. L Lindemann,
Oil company: J. M. An
derson. Shell Oh and Refining
company: J. H. Hay Standard
OH Company Of Indiana; c. A.
the Texas company; M.
L. Mckee. White Oil corporation.
and c. w. Lansrud, Continental
OH Company
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19

Carroll aNNalAnn former
" chief eeoloet aE the Midwest
Refining Bany and Pan - 1s
erican pelroleam na
Company NeW York CTS Is
giving q brlef course 81 lectures
this year st Prineeton Unigers-
Ity. Lectures given 10 date epTs
er nature origin and Aecunula-
tion Of OIL.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19
MORE OIL AND GAS

(COntinued from Page Onel
Of the Madison lime, this we'll
is looked upon as likely to get
something, because it is check
ing 100 feet higher than two
other wells drilled on the
structure.
Benton Lake anticline is IA
miles north Of Great Falls.
A l4mile pipeline Will bring
any oil Benton Lake may de-
velop to the city's two refin-
cries by gravity.
SEND A CONTRIBUTION TO
THE sUNBURsT BADGER
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1931-12-19
NEW FIELD Is


aA&tS ASSc@R pAmoHe
The government map shows
the whitiash dome surrounded by
an escarpment OF Eagle sand
stone. No fault Is shown along
Bear Greek. although recent
drilling indicates that there Is
a fault present, as mapped by
G. G. Howard. authority on the
geology Of this region.
High pressure gas has been
found on the east side OF Bear
creek while the gas on the west
side OF Bear Creek has low pres
sure.
The U. s. G. s. has mapped
number OF Montana oil fields
ahead OF the discovery Of oil.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14
DUKE TO GIVE
 FREE LEGAL AID

Durham, N. C.--The poor man can now get free legal help at the Duke university legal clinic, just as a poor man gets free medical advice at the Duke university hos- pital clinics.
 When the idea of legal aid for the poor was first proposed by Dean Justic Miller of the Duke law school, 1t was opposed by the Durham Bar Association, but af- ter the dean appeared before the lawyers and explained the. idea, they endorsed it, and voted to co- operate in every way possible:
 The idea of the legal clinic, which is modelled after the medical clinics operated in connection with almost all medical schools, orig mated in the United States about 1913, but the clinic at Duke is the first in the South.
 Personal injury cases, where a contingent fee ca nbe secured. Will be declined by the clinic; likewise, divorce cases will be accepted only under the most exceptional circum- stances. The type of cases that will come to the clinic vii linciude such matetrs as the recovery or wage claims involving small sums and giving the advice in landlord and tenant disputes, matrimonial fights, and the protection of wo- men and children.
 At present, legal aid clinics ex- ist in one form or another at the law schools of Harvard, Cincin- nati. Northwestern, Minnesota, California, and Southern Call fornia. "
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14
NOTICE

CRUSHED STONE COMPANY, a corporation organ ized and existing under the laws of the State of Connecticut anu located in Waterbury.
 vS
 HUMIsTON and EDWARD Al. CORNWALL, administrators oI the estate of John Kumiston, their successors, representatives,, or heirs, of the town of Chesnire' CYRUS E. HUMISTON, JESSE M. HUMISTON, HARRY HUMISTON, JOHN ,nL,, !; NEsT HuMIsToN; EI1HIsA RHUnA TON. HARRY HUMISToN. JOHN l.. HUMISTON, CYRUS E. HUM ISTON, JESSE M. HUMISTON, MARY HITCHCOCK HUMISTON, HERMAN J. HUMISTON, CYRUS E. HUMISTON, HARRIET HUM ISTON FRANCIS, BURNHAM w. FRANCIS. J. D. WALTER, as administrator of the estate or JOHN L. HUMISTON, JESSE D. HUMISTON and EMMA l.. HUM!S- TON, JOHN PECK, WILLIAM PECK and VIM. PECK, End, ana EMMA L. MOSS, all of said per. sons being now or formerly or said town of Cheshire, the execu- tor or administrator, representa- tives and creditors, widow; widow CT and heirs of them as may be deceased and assigns or any or them.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14

STATE OF CONNECTICUT. County
 of New Haven, ss. Waterbury,
 october 18th, 1881. ,,
 Upon the complaint of the said Waterbury Crushed Stone Company praying for reasons therein set forth for a judgment quieting the title to four certain tracts or par cells of land in said town or Cheshire, with all buildings thereon standing, made returnable before the Superior Court, in and for New Haven County, at Waterbury, on the first Tuesday of November. 1881, 1t appearing to and being found by the subscribing authority that many or said defendants are now or parts unknown, therefore,
 ORDERED, That notice Of the pendency of said complaint be given by publishing this order In the Evening Democrat. newspaper published in said Waterbury, three days successively, commencing on or before the 18th day of October. 1881, by some proper officer, who, with his doings thereon endorsed shall make due return.
 GEORGE H. FREEMAN, Clerk of the Superior Court for New
 Haven County at Waterbury. STATE OF CONNECTICUT. County
 of New Haven, ss. Waterbury,
 October 14, 1891.
 The within and foregoing is true and attested copy of the original Order of Notice, In my hands for
 Attest, BENJAMIN J. BRADY. 1O-14-3t Deputy Sheriff.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14
Announcements
Lost and Found

FOUND-Sum of money, Sunday m Brooklyn Section. Barbara Gauron- skis, 95 Green St.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14

STATE OF CONNECTICUT, District
 of Waterbury. ss. Probate Court.
 October 5th, 1881.
 ESTATE OF Maria Salinardi, late of the Town of Waterbury, in said District, deceased.
 The Court of Probate for the Dis. trict of Waterbury. hath limited and allowed six months from the date hereof for the creditors or said estate to exhibit their claims for settlement. Those who neglect to present their accounts properly attested within said time, will be debarred a recovery. All persons indebted to said estate are request ed to make immediate payment to
 GEORGE R. GUILFOILE. 1O-12-3t Administrator.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14

NEW PLYMOUTH-Floa power
 and free wheeling. Wenzel & Col-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-14
10 WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

TO WHOM TT MAY CONCERN: This IS to certify that Mary Dufresne, my wife, having left my bed and board. 1 will no longer be responsible for her debts.
 LOUIS DUFRESNE. October z, 1881. 51 East Liberty St.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-19

A full line of quality
meats is sold in all our
stores. Regardless of what
section of Washington Cor
nearby you live in, your
neighborhood D. G. S.
Store can satisfy your en-.
tire table necessities at
most economical prices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-19
SHOP EARLY

You can plan your meals more success
fully with the goods on the shelves of
your own pantry. Remember, an en-
joyable meal helps to make a happy
holiday. Check this list, then call (or
come toy your neighborhood DIGS.
Store, and your order will be filled and
delivered TO vour entire satisfaction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-19
WHAT SHALL | SERVE

1t isn't the work, it's the worry
about what to serve that makes
the average housewife weary.
With this in mind, we present a
list with many suggestions for
attractive side dishes necessary
to make up your holiday menu
at most economical prices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-19

JUNKET
Makes more delicious frozen
desserts. 1t also makes better
ice cream. Get a free book Of
recipes at the d. G. s. Food
Show.
pkg. 12Ac
Seward daily gateway., 1931-07-11
J. T. Cunningham, Supt.
Transportation Dept.

The railroad will raise the point that fur bearing animals are wild animals. This fallacy was elim- Iinated by the Territorial legislature four years ago, which classed all animals born and raised in cap tivity, domesticated and personal property. same as horse, COW, etc. The railroad will further say fur bearing animal is too val uable to ship by freight, yet will accept a horse that might be worth $5,OOO to $1O,OOO. AS such shipments are at owners risk, why bring that up?
 1 You will notice the reference to shipping by express. Now express rates are some 750 per cent higher than freight rates. Then to ship a fur bearing animal in a steam heated express car is:
 l. Inhuman and an extreme act of cruelty, only equalled by a war ship that confines their en- emies and prisoners over the boil CTS.
 2. Shipped in an express car subjects a fox to fright that de- Stroys it as breeder, which is the main reason for shipping an ami nal alive. Few, if any, silver fox es thus shipped have ever pro- duced young. Nor can any ranch CT shipping by express guarantee his animals to breed.
 The humane and safe way to ship by rail is in a stock car or open door boxcar where a care taker can be with them.
 The "nigger in the wood pile" why the officials try to force the fur farmers to ship by express is because all agents receive 20 per cent of the revenue (both sending and receiving agents get the same) while the higher-ups know best what theirs is.
 This has resulted in many ranch
Seward daily gateway., 1931-07-11

es having to pelt all their animals because breeding stock cannot be shipped safely by express) close their ranches and start new where no such drastic rules are in force. Many another rancher will be com pelled to sacrifice his improve ments and move to where he can supply demand for breeding stock. The railroad is thus being robbed of much revenue from
Seward daily gateway., 1931-07-11
COMMUNICATION

An open letter to Senator Robert B. Howell: Dear Senator: News dispatches state you are continuing your in vestigation of the situation along the Alaska Railroad, and last year when you were in Alaska the fur farmers asked you to investigate matters that they felt was an in justice to them and the fur rais- ing industry along the railroad.
 In no part of your published report did we find any mention of the unfairness we pointed out as suffering from the railroad management.
 More than $2O,0Oo,0o0 is now in- vested in fur raising in Alaska; some of the industry is located along the route of the government owned Alaska Railorad, where it has prospered, not with the aid of the railroad. but in spite of it; which is also true in regard to the Biological Survey and Land Office.
 On the Alaska Railroad the freight rates have been upped and , upped, and classificationS changed with every issue of a new freight tariff issued to 1925. Freight rates were upped from 1923 to 1925 around 14O per cent.
 On December 13, 1926, the man. agement of the railroad issued a circular which inhibits the fur ranchers from shipping their prod ucts by freght, so that the ranch CTS could no longer fully enjoy and profit from his industry or exchange or sell his breeding stock.
 In case you no longer have a copy of the circular referred to, we will repeat it here:
 THE ALASKA RAILROAD Transportation Department
 Anchorage, Alaska,
 December 13, 1926.
 Freight Circular No. 45 Subject: Shipments of live valua ble fur bearing animals.
 Shipments of live valuable fur bearing animals such as fox, mink etc., must not be accepted for shipment by freight.
 Shipments should be referred to the express company and handled as express shipments.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-07-11

freight business (besides crippling the fur farmers) to provide extra grease" for the railroad officials and agents.
 We hope you will give this mat ter your attention.
 FUR RANCHERS.
 Along Alaska Ky. Old papers at The Gateway.
Seward daily gateway., 1931-07-11
Large assortment of fine sta tionery at ALASKA SHOP.

Have you read the "Grand H0- tel?" Chosen by the Book of the Month Club: chosen by the Book Society of England. Alaska Shop.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-07-16
Weekly Hike to
 Hamilton Park Mill Street Children Took the Usual Hike Yes=
 terday

The weekly hike and picnic of the daily frequenters at Mill street playground was held yesterday | morning when more than 75 chil- dren journeycd to Hamilton Park under the direction of supervisors. Nelda Filipponc, Margaret Buckley, Walter Geraghty and Jack Tagney.
 The personnel of the party fol- lows:
 Dolores keefe, Jcantte Lebreux Aurore Martin, Rose Ritucci, Flor inc Ritucci. Eleanor MeisinGer. Betty Crimins, Angeline Lombardo, Irene Martin, Rita Adams. Rose Adams, Adele Guiffres. Mary Gren- Ter, Rose and Irene Rogg. Yvonne Lafrenicre,' Mary Minicucci. Rachel Albert. George Albert, Louise Dam clio, Hazel Rousseau, Marie Con lon, Jeanette Randy. Mary Goris.
 Berta Kerensky, Roland GuirC- mette. Carl Lombardo. John Love- van, Marcel Guirenelte, William Aubin. James Walsh. John BlaIs. Lcntin Ribas, May Hanccski. Jo. sephlne Mancuso, Anna Krob. Ger ard Dauphimeir. Jennie Podolcw- ski, Claire Houle. Jenet Houle Jenet Houle, Eleanor Messinro Rita Berchenuor, Mary Perczzelln
 Bertha Mrozinsi, Marion Boldcau, Albert Damelian, Michael Mafiiam Rol land Sava Gor. Howard Toomey, William Scotte, James Hanlon. Eugene Lyddon, Louise Evon, Vincent Evon, Fred Moren- gallo, Will Brunette. Philip kooser John Ritucci. Raymond Iebrcux, Dave Brady. Charles Tinny. John Sullivan. James Coync. James AL giers, Marion PremtoZzi Lucy
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-07-16
Danbury Times
 Eulogizes Doran Late Manufacturers Life Is Termed Most Exemplary
 One

The press of Danbury has not been silent with reference to the many excellent qualities of the late James r. Doran, a native of Wa terbury, who was buried with i'm presive ceremonies In that city yesterday. Waterbury people feel very pleased to hear what is being said of one of her gifted sons. Yes terday, The Democrat carried an editorial on MT Doan from the Danbury News. To-day 1t calls its readers attention to the follow ing tribute from the Danbury Times:
 JAMES r. DORIAN
 Gifted men are useful in differ ent ways to the society of which they are Q part. Some benefit the community by the excellence with which they do the wok which they have chosen. But a sevice may be primarily rendered for private profit. Some very gifted men do which Is entirely collateral to their own purpose.
 Some find time to perform ex- cellently the duties by which they arrive at bread and butter, and other time in which to carry on a multiplicity of activities not i'm mediately associated with private success.
 Some have the flair for service to the whole community. when and where tn A-e Is need and de- mand.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-07-16
PET SHOW AT
 FULLER STREET
All the Cats, Dogs, and Rabbits About District
 on Exhibition
AWARD SEVERAL PRIZES

A pet show was conducted yes terday afternoon at the Fuller street playground with all the neighborhood pets ranging from cats and rabbits entered. Jac Egan won first prize for dags. Angeline Cavillo for the prize puppy, Teresa Stack for the incest kitten. William Donahue for the prize rabbit and Genato Forte for the smallest tur- tie. The judges were William Synott Mrs Burns and Marion Van Due sen
 The junior horseshoe league got underway this morning at 10 o'clock. The following boys filed their entries: Frank Murphy, Jos eph Kennedy. William Bumper. Ll- onel Langerin, John Murphy, Mich ael Riley, Anthony Manzolli. Ed ward Mazuroski, John Mccarthy. John Mcdonald, Francis Donnelly, Edward Russeau, John Thompson, Leo O'Toole, Juhn McGurk and Francis Houghtan.
 The initial meeting of the Sewing club will be held tomorrow morn ing at 10 o'clock under the able direction of Mrs Burns.
 The girls volleyball team were disappointed last night when the Division street team called off It's scheduled game until further p- tice. The Fuller maidens will play Washington at Hamilton park Mon- day night.