davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04
HISTORY or LABOR DAY

Labor Day, 1881, is the thirty
eighth annual celebration of Labor
Day as legal national holiday and
the fiftieth anniversary of the first
local Labor Day celebration.
The history of Labor Day as legal
holiday is evidence of the methods
and progress of labor.
Labor Day was not given to labor
as a present from kindly disposed
employers, social welfare workers, or
legislators. It's recognition was won
by the strength of labor itself.
The united efforts of the workers
themselves established Labor Day as
national holiday years before any
state legislature or the congress of
the United States enacted the custom
into law.
Nevertheless, the history Of Labor
Day statute laws themselves is i'm
portant because it illustrates the in
creasing influence of labor's economic
organizations over the actions of
government bodies.
P. j. Mcclure, the founder of the
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join
ers and for many years member OF
the executive council of the American
Federation of Labor) originated the
Labor Day idea.
At meeting of the New York
city Central Labor Union held on May
s, 1882, Mcclure stressed the pro
priety of setting aside one day in the
year as a general holiday for the
working people. He suggested tha
it be called Labor Day.
The Central Labor Union adopted
the idea and organized a Labor Da.
parade and festival on the first Mon
day in September, 1882.
The 1884 convention of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor endorsed th
proposal for national Labor Da,
holiday by unanimously adopting tn
following resolution introduced b,
A. c. Cameron, delegate from tn
Chicago Trades and Labor Alliance
Resolved, That the first Monda
in September of each year be Sc
apart as laborers' national holiday
and that we recommend it's observanc
by all wage workers, irrespective Q
sex, calling, or nationality"
Organized labor carried on its dc
mand for Labor Day so effectivel
that soon many municipal council
and state legislatures made it legs
holiday.
Oregon was the first state to max
Labor Day state holiday; the Ore
gon Labor Day law was signed by tn
governor on February q, 1887. Dun
ing 1887 the legislatures of Colorad,
Massachusetts, New Jersey and Me-
York also made Labor Day a stat
holiday. In 1889, Connecticut, NJ
braska and Pennsylvania enacted La
Dor Day laws; in 1890, Iowa and Ohio
in 1891, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana
Kansas, Maine, Montana, New HamI
shire, South Carolina, Tennessee an
Washington; in 1892, Alabama, Lou
isiana, Utah and Virginia; in 189;
California, Delaware, Florida, Minnc
sofa, Rhode Island, Texas and Wis
consin.
In the meantime the officials of tn
American Federation of Labor er
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04
Railroad Labor Idle
On Depression Days

Ottawa (lLNS)-"Depression days.
is a phrase that has acquired a spe-
cial meaning in the lexicon of rail-
way labor. They are the days OF
idleness imposed upon the workers as
method of stretching employment
and keep stats on tap against the
possibility of business recovery.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04
Fifty-tWo Paterson Silk
Mills Sign Union Contract

Paterson, N. J. (ILNS)-There are
6,783 silk workers on strike here un-
der the banner of American FEEDER
alton of Labor unions, a statistical
report by the union says. The report
says that more than $500 workers
affiliated with the A. F. of l.. unions
have returned to work under union
agreements signed by So shops.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-09-04

mission on the stabilization of en-
ployment, according to announcement
by the chairman, Stanley King.
The Massachusetts commission was
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

which can be expended upon roads,
Frahm advocates paving that section
between Fargo and Mapleton and
further grading to Casselton. He
said this work depended on first Sc
curing approval of the route from the
federal government. Construction of
as many miles as possible was urged
by F1ahm before September l, 1881.
when the limitation of $4,000 per
mile of federal aid will again be IN
effect.
Due to the capital fire, Frahm said,
part Of the plans for this project be-
tween Casselton and Map!eton were
destroyed and it became necessary to
draft new ones. This work has been
expedited as much as possible and is
nearly ready to be submitted to
Washington. The section proposed
for pa ing now is the heaviest trav-
eled road in North Dakota, except
the road between Mandan and Bis
marcl,, which already is paved.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
Society Is Prepared
For a Arts Ball

New York, Jan. 23.-P@Society's
big fling of the year, the annual
BeauX Arts ball, will crowd the Hotel
Aston Friday night with flame col
ored pajamas and architects impcr-
s0rating skyscrapers.
Once a year Park avenue revels
publicity In a ball masque similar to
Paris Bohemian Quatres Arts ball,
and this year the party's q "fete
moderne-a Fantasia in flame and
silver"
Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt will
wear red pajamas. Mrs. J. s. Cos
den'S party of II will be dressed alike
in red wigs and modernistic overalls
with one red leg and one black.
Always a lavish party, the ball this
year will be less costly than formerly.
Thousands .of dollars heretofore have
been spent on q single dress. This
year the simplicity of the ball, as con-
trasted with former prior fetes, allows
lately depressed Wall Street families
to get gay for a night in costumes
costing mere. hundreds Of dollars.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
Carr Is Speaker at
Will School Meeting
associated Press Photo

Lieutenant Governor John w. Carr
Thursday addressed pupils of the
Will Junior High School OH Environ
ment as an element Of Success" He
was the first of six leading men who
will speak to the Will school students
during the next few months. Each
will take as his subject one of the
elements which help men in becom-
ing successful.
Other speakers listed and their SUBJ
jects follow: "Purposefulness," by
DR.. B. F. Kroeze. president of James
town college: Health" by County
Superintendent H. o. Pippin, Dickin-
son; Essential Qualities" by E. j,
Traynor. Devils Lake: Personality
ty District Judge George M. Nc
Kenna. Napoleon; Training" by DR.,
Thomas F. Kane. president of the
University of North Dakota.
In his discussion Of environment.
Carr said that the surroundings in
which people live are strongly in
strumental in molding their charac-
te:S> The environment of every nor
NAL person is filled with opportuni-
ties, he said, provided one has the in
telligence to find them. In many
cases, he asserted, men have made
their own opportunities.
Because the school has no audi.
forum 1t was necessary to hold thu
meeting in one of the classrooms. Fol-
this reason, attendance at the address.
was limited to the $50 students in thu
eighth grade and seventh grade pu'
| pills we're barred.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

Please Note-Capitol Thea
tire holding over "Whoopee' for
showing tonight.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
SATIRE REVEALED IN
BILLS INTRODUCTION
Senator Mattheis' Measure
Calls for Reconstruction
Of Capitol Wing

Introduction Thursday of a bill to
reconstruct the north wing of the old
capitol building was partly intended
Is a bit Of satire. it became known to-
day.
The bill. offered by Senator W. E.
Matthaei. Fessenden. provides 5000
for the work, which Governor George
F. Shafer recently declared was FEAST
bic. A bill sponsored by the governor
has not yet appeared. however. and
the Matthaei bill appeared to be one
forcing the issue. =
It is no secret that Matthaei and
other Nonpartisans feel that the re-
rair cannot be made for anywhere
near the cost estimated by the gov
ernor In a recent interview. They
have obtained no figures on the mat
ter but will be vastly surprised II the
governor supports the bill and the
work goes forward. They will be still
more surprised II the work is done
within the cost Of 5000 tentatively
estimated by the governor.
As the matter stands now, the bill
is regarded as the first effort Of the
Nonpartisan majority to embarrass
the administration. Their position is
that the governor will either have to
60 through with the deal or back
down on his present position.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

If profitable egg production is
wanted, feed milk instead of high
priced tonics, every time.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
TO PAVING
With STATE MONEY
County Commissioners Would
Complete Federal Road sys-
tenn in NJ. 3. First

Dickinson, y. D., Jan. 23.-North
Dakota's county commissioners are
opposed to expenditure Of state
money for paving until the federal
road system in the state is completed
with grading and crawling.
This sentiment got approval Thurs
day at the closing session IN the form
of a resolution. Another resolution.
which got. unanimous sanction, was
one advocating increase of the state
gas tax n cent per gallon to,sfour
cents to further construction OF fed
eral roads as advocated by Gov.
George F. Shafer.
Other resolutions included q plea
for increased license fees for trucks
and commercial buses; revision Of
laws governing collection Of personal
property taxes to make them more
easily administered and q. vote Of
thanks to the city Of Dickinson for
entertainment.
Frank Heimes, Valley City, was
named president of the association.
Other officers are j. I. Rovig, Nor
ton county, vice president: ]. F.
Strauss, Wells county, secretary
treasurer, and r. r. Brownlee, Fargo:
Herman Paulson, Adrian: D.. D. Nc
Naughton, Devils Lake: H. z. Crosby,
Ross, Mountrail county: N. J. Boltz.
Belfield, Stark county, directors. One
hundred twenty-Six commissioners
answered roll call closing the three
day session.
A. j. McFadden, Pembina county:
j.. F. Strauss, Wells county and r.
E. HIATT, Grand Forks, ere named
as a legislative committee to go to
Bismarck Immediately.
Features of the convention includ-
ed an address by Governor Shafer
Tuesday and q tour Of the Badlands
Wednesday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
PLAN PAVED ROAD
FOR CASS COUNTY
DECLARES FRAHM
Highway Department. Executive
Seeks Speed on Fargo
Mapleton Project

Immediate approval from the fed
eral government Of the relocation of
U. s. highway No. 10 west from Fargo
and thus subsequently permit paving
of the stretch between Fargo and
Napoleon at the earliest opportunity,
is being sought by the state highway
department. Chief Engineer H. G.
Frahm said last night.
The new road. which runs along
the south side Of the Northern Pacific
right-of-way instead Of the north
side as at present. has been 2iadcd
as far west Is Mapleton. Due TO re-
moval of the limitation Of federal aid
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

Store closes Saturday eve
nings at 6 o'clock until March
18th. Rose Shop.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
%RHEOLOCIS1S show
GREAT ENACITY OF
PR0Y0PLASM CELL
Students Of Science OF Flow
Prove Rubber.L Like Quail
ity Of Living Cell

Easton. Pa, Jan. 23.-R9HRheolo-
gists. the newest branch Of American
scientists. have stretched living proto-
plasm into a thread so thin 1t Is IN.
visible under q microscope.
Extended thus 20 times successive
~, the protoplasm each time has e
covered. rubber : like. swapping back
into place without i~nterrupting Its
life.
This odd Sidelight upon the extra
ordinary teracity Of the. substance
which is the foundation Of all living
flesh was made public Friday In a
report of the first annual meeting OF
the Society Of Rheologists, held here
recently.
william Seifriz and Janet Plowe, Of
the University of Pennsylvania, barred
the protoplasm in single cells OF
onions so it could be touched with the
point of q needle Sticking glue-ike
to the point the living stuff was
drawn out into a thread.
When no longer visible, the thread
still showed its presence by the par
ticles of other cell substances which
could be een streaming along the
thread as If 1t were the wire Of a cash
carrier. The experiment shows man
can mechanically force this lie stuff
back into the region Of minute size
from which it grows originally, par
ticles SO tiny that biologists have
been unable to take them apart to see
why they arc alive.
theology means the science OF flow,
and the society was organized in Co
lumbus, Ohio, in 1929. during q meet
ing of the American Chemical society
AS molescules of all substances. even
iron. flow like water at times. espe-
cially just before the material breaks
| the Rheologists believe detection Of
the laws Of flow Is OF high CONNER
cial and scientific Importance.
Wheeler p. Davey, Of Penn State
college, president of the society. ex.
plains the phenomena by saying that
molecules. instead Of obeying natural
laws like regiments Of soldiers. are
about as disorganized as crowds Of
civilians. When for example, water
flows with an average velocity OF
few feet a second, some ofsShe mole.
cules at any given instant are travel
ing forward at q quarter Of q mile
per second, while others may be NOV
ing backwards or sideways In The pipe
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
To Appeal Mcfarland
Decision from Fargo

Fargo, N. D., Jan. 23.-R-An ap-
peal will be taken to the state Y
preme court from a ruling Of Judge
r. q. Mcfarland, Jamestown, holding
that an attempt Of the Western
Realty company. Fargo. to reduce Its
capital stock was void and that reso-
lutions passed at q meeting OF the
stockholders May %, 1880, authorizing
reduction were nlegal.
The action was decided at the an
nual meeting Of the corporation d.
rectors Wednesday when ali officers
Of the corporation were re-elected and
a dividend Of two and three-fourthS
per cent on preferred stock declared.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

Please Note Capitol Thea
tire holding over 'Whoopee' for
showing tonight.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23

DID you know thai constipation
often brings dependency? Poi
sons spread through the system.
You lack pep. Headaches be-
come frequent. No wondlr you
have the "blues.",
Yet constipation can be over
come by having sufficient rough
age in your diet. A pleasant.
way to obtain this roughage is
through eating Kellogg's ALL
BRAN.
You will enjoy this delicious
cereal. And how much better
for you than taking habit-form-
ing laxatives.
Two tablespoonfuls Of ALL
BRAN. eaten daily, will relieve
and prevent both temporary and
recurring constipation.
ALL-BRAN also contains
needed iron to build up the
blood. At all grocers. Made
by Kellogg in Battle Greek.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-23
Constance Bennett
Signs Big Contract

Hollywood, CAL, Jan. 23.-R-Con-
stance Bennett. blonde film star. will
receive more than $500 each working
hour under q contract she signed
Friday to make two pictures for War
ner Brothers.
Miss Bennett is under contract to
Pathe until 1894, but she Is allowed
10 weeks off each year.
Warner Brothers agreed to pay her
100000 for the 10 weeks. the agree
ment stipulating she work six hours
q day, six days = week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-18
Money! to Loan
(Reported by J. & W. selisman & Coz

Secured by first deed of trust on real estate.
Prevailing interest and commission.
Joseph |. Weller H SiS. wn ~ F NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-18
FAVORABLE TRADE
FACTORS ARE SEEN
Public Apparently Unaware
That Recovery Has Started
in Some Lines.
Rn tha Associated Press.

BY the ASSoclaEeQ EEe6S.
There is strong indication on the
business horizon of definite improvement
in many industries the American public
apparently refuses to recognize.
why such situation should exist is
perplexing Government observers and
economists Its refusal to note an i'm
provement mas been attributed to pessi-
mism that overshadows the favorable
signs.
However, there is definite evidence
that the situation is improving, as indi-
Gated in several favorable factors.
Among them was the contention Of
Federal Farm Loan Bureau officials that
farmers have progressed toward ulti-
mate economy. in agriculture; with a
broad area in the West and Middle West
showing a. small profit for this years
operations.
In the South and Southwest, sections
stricken particularly hard in the last
year, assurance was given that the hum
ger threat had been removed, and that
the beginning of 1892 would offer more
hope. Purchasing power of agricultural
communities, however, remained cur
tailed to the minimum because of lower
prices. s
Overstuffed inventories were being
eliminated. Examples were seen in the
fields of automobiles, automobile tires,
textiles and shoes. In the latter two
improvement has been manifested for
several months, but profits continued
small. On the other hand, however,
the purchasing power of the working
personnel of these two industries has
been enhanced
Despite the low estate of railroads,
there was an unnistakalole air of op-
timisIn toward the future. Carriers were
sanguine an increase in rates would be
allowed by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. In the meantime, railroads
have been compelled to establish eff
ciencies and economies holding great
promise of benefit when the tide of
traffic again swings upward.
Other significant factors included the
unparalleled strength of the banking
structure of the country, which promised
ready and abundant cash for trade ex-
pansion; the arrest of commodity price
declines. which have continued t1ninter-
rupted for more than 10 months. and
the improvement in the rubber indus
try, which bids fair to continue for
some time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-18
CHAIN STORE CENSUS
SHOWS 1893 SYSTEMS

BY the Associated Press.
The latest preliminary census COM
pilation of the Commerce Department
recorded 1858 retail chain store sys-
TENS in the United States at the be-
ginning Of 1880, operating D. total Of
156,o2s stores. Each OF 3,177 Of the
chains contained less than six units,
1898 from 6 to 10 units each, l,176
contained from IL to rs units each, 3o5
4-oIn Is to so units and 337 operated
more than so units.
The tocd group was most popular as
chain Of sanization with / Al chains
operating q total of 81, 626 units The
automotive group of stores and filling
stations was next with 862 chains Of
filling stations, totaling 25,553 units.
while stores brought the total for the
group to lit chains, comprised of
81 ,975 units. Third was the apparel
group of 1924 chains with I7,T71 units.
The least popular was the restaurant
and eating group, with 287 chains and
3,7l9 units.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-18
BANK CLEARINGS GAIN
REPORTED BY DUN'S
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, September Is.-Bank
clearings again make a slightly better
showing. The total this week for lead
ing cities in the United States, as re-
ported to Dun's Review, CT 81, 3O2, 0S6, 900
is 20.8 per cent less than that of last
year. At New York City the amount
was $4,930, 400, 900, a decline of 20.6 per
cent from a year ago, while for all
cities outside of New York $2,371, 686 900
showed reduction of 21.4 per cent
The increase this week OF 50, 504, AIS, 900,
or 50.2 per cent, over last week reflects
in part the extra day, last weeks clear
ings being only for five days. This
gain is unusually large. Making allow
ance for that extra day, this weeks
clearings are IN excess of the preceding
week by 27.0 per cent Settlements
through the banks include heavy pay
ments for quarterly tax returns and
for exceptionally large Treasury trans
actions. Similar dealings increased
bank clearings very largely q year ago.
Practically every city continues to re-
port considerable decline in bank
clearingS compared with last year, but
at a number of them the loss Is less
than it has been for some time back.
Bank clearings for the week, as re-
ported to r. @. Dun & Co., showing
decreases compared with same period
year ago, follow:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-18
IN STOCK
PRICES RESUMES
Political and Banking Senti-
ment Abroad Held Cause
of Selling.
BY GEORGE t. HUGHES.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK. September 18.-The
stock market today finished at its low
est levels in more than two years.
In supply from the opening gong,
stocks sank steadily lower as the vol
ume Of liquidation and short selling in
creased right up to the finish Of the
broadest and weakest session of the year.
Sharp breaks in bonds. foreign ex-
changes and other securities, along with
declines in commodities and the clouded
international situation, contributed to
the general wave of selling, which car
ried to new lows many issues which here
tofore had stubbornly resisted profess
sional pressure.
American Can sold of about 4 points
United States Steel common was down
over 2 points, while American Telephone
had sharp break of over 8 points.
New lows were reached by General Mo-
tors. American Smelling. du Pont, and
similar leaders in their respective divi-
sions.
Selling was so brisk at the finish that
the tape fell behind the market and
was unable to print closing prices until
3:O8.
The chief influence was the condition
of political and banking sentiment
abroad. This was reflected here in the
liquidation of shares that have been
popular and widely held by European
investors, though the unsettled condi-
ton of the continental markets was
somewhat relieved today by restrictive
meaSuers This is all a part OF the
divide lack of confidence in values
ard the feeling of hopelessness that OBJ
tains regarding the situation in Ger
many and the difficulty OF seeing
through TO the end Of the present crisis
in Great Britain.
1t was due to the latest phases Of
affairs abroad that the market here
reversed its trend at today's opening
after showing considerable strength in
the latter part OF Thursdays session.
Stocks we're in supply at the start and
the volume increased as the session
heightened Issues like American Tele-
phone & Telegraph, Atchison, Union
Pacific, New York Central and United
States Steel, which have an inter-
national market. were conspicuously
weak in the forenoon trading Most of
them sold at or close to their previous
low prices. The foreign selling has not
been confined to common stocks, but
has been in evidence in high-grade
corporation bonds as we'll as In q num-
Der of the convertible type
There was little in the days domestic
news to account for the change in senti-
ment, but the heavineSs In prices was
sufficient to revive all Of the old rumors
that have been In circulation recently.
Speculative selling Of stocks played q
part in the decline. The copper group
was affected by the low prices for metal
now being quoted and some Of the
motor shares by substantial price cuts
made by a leading manufacturer,
Auburn Auto, whose 10-point advance
Thursday initiated the rally, was the
weakest member of the automobile
group today.