davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
SENATORS CALLED
TO COTTON FARLEY
Representatives From Nine
States Asked to Join
With Farm Board.
BY the Associated press.

By the Associated Press.
Coincident with word that Egypt had
made overtures to the United States
Government looking to world cotton
conference, Senator George. Democrat,
Of Georgia today called a meeting Of
Senators from nine Southern States
here tomorrow to canvass the cotton
situation with the Farm Board.
The State Department was informed
by the American legation at Cairo that
Egypt was interested in any interna-
tional steps to relieve the cotton situa-
ton and that q communication was on
the way to Washington on the subject.
Senator George, who has proposed
that the Farm Beard buy cotton from
the current crop, paying cents a
pound now and cents in October,
1892, to those farmers who contracted
not to plant next year, teleggaphed the
following Senators to meet with him
and the board here tomorrow and Sat-
uFday:
Senators Connally, Texas; Gore and
Thomas, Oklahoma: Hull and Me-
Kellar, Tennessee; Bailey and Morri-
son, North Carolina: Harrison, Missis-
sippi; Black and Bankhead, Alabama ;
Harris, Georgia; Smith and Byrnes.
South Carolina, and Fletcher and
Trammell, Florida
Senator George now is on the way
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27

which the center OF population In its
westward movement has come to the
thirty ninth parallel of latitude Is re-.
markable. The point farthest north
was reached in 1890 and the farthest
south in 1880, but the difference was
21.4 miles.
In 1890 the center was located %
miles OF Baltimore, and during the next
10 years 1t had moved 10 miles west
Of Baltimore. In 1910 1t was in Vir-
GINA, 40 miles west of Washington,
and 10 years later 1t was 16 miles of
Mooredsld, w. Va, and in 1880 It was
10 miles west Of Moorefield.
In 1910 the center was located i6
miles south of Clarksburg. w. Va, and
during the following 10 years it had
shifted to % miles southeast of Parkers-
burg, w Va. In 1860 the center moved
out of West Virginia into Ohio, being
located 20 miles south OF Chiiicothe.
Ten years later 1t had shifted to 20
miles east of Cincinnati and in 1880
it had passed into Kentucky, miles
west of Cincinnati.
The center remained in Kentucky
only a short while, for the Census
Bureau in 1890 spotted it in Indiana,
20 miles east of Columbus, and in which
State it has remained for the last Il
years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
SHAKE-UP LOOMING
N U. S. FARM BOARD
Black, Noted Economist and
Critic of Its Policies,
Seen Slated for Post.

Changes in some of the policies of
the Federal Farm Board were indicated
here today when 1t was learned from
reliable sources that John Black, ma
tionally known agricultural economist
of Harvard University. is being con-
sidered for appointment as chief
economist by the board.
1t is known that Joseph r. Davis, the
present research director, wants to go
back TO hts post ct Leland Stanford
University. so the board now has the
opportunity to do some reorganizing.
Appointment Of research men does
not ordinarily occasion comment in
Washington, but in this instance much
interest attaches because Mr.. Black
probably has been among the most out
standing critics of the boards policies.
And there is school of thought in the
Capital which has heartily Endorsed
some Of Mr.. Blacks observations.
Board Silent on Move.
The board Is saying nothing about
the forthcoming change, In fact, in
all probability 1t will not announce Mr.
Davis retirement for another week or
the stage is set to put Mr. Black in
charge What Is more important. the
information is that when Mr.. Black
takes up the work it viii be the start
Of q series OF policy changes by which
the board hopes to reinstate itself in
the good graces of agriculture.
Mr., Black has had wide experience,
and economists in other branches of
the Federal Government list him
among the four or five really outstand-
ing men in his line of work. But he
has seldom agreed with the programs
enunciated from time TO time by the
Farm Board and If its membership
makes use Of his recommendations as
one of their advisers they are going to
follow a different line of reasoning than
has been followed heretofore.
Mr.. Davis Is believed to have en-
loved the confidence of the board men,
bers to q large degree. When he
Joined the board organization 1t was
with the understanding IL would be
for q year, because he had obtained
a leave Of absence for only that length
Of time. Now, after more than year
and a half on the Job. he feels he
must go back to his regular post.
Black Increases Contacts.
Authorities here believe Mr.. Blacks
experience fits him to occupy q domi-
nant position in the Farm Board or
ganization. During the years he spent
with the University of Minnesota he
built IN broad contacts with agriculture
through extension services and he un-
doubtedly expanded his own knowledge
OF agricultural problems in that man
ner
since becoming associated with Har-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27

ward Il Is known he has continued to
hold the contacts made earlier and to
increase them, with the result that his
acquaintance with farm problems Is
not limited to any one area or to any
one group OF States. This knowledge
has caused Mr.. Black to arrive at a
new perspective of problems which the
board itself is seeking to solve. Its eff
forts thus far have not conceded with
his theories
It. Is believed Mr.. Black viii divide
his time between the work of the Farm
Board and the Cambridge campus, I'M
less exigencies require greater effort
In behalf Of the board.
tCopyright, 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27

%fIE center of population of the
United States is now located 2.9
miles northeast of Linton,
L Greene County, Ind, moving
y westward In the last 10 years
a total. of 22.3 miles and T.6 miles
southwark, the Census Bureau an
nounced today.
An official Government map shows
that this point is 81 miles southeast of
Tefre Haute and 336 miles northeast
OF Vincenrles, in Southwestern Indiana.
The 1920 center was located 8,3 miles
south of Spencer, Ind.
The bureau said the greatest move
nent west was during the decade from
1850 to 1860. when the center adj
vanced 500 miles and the least move
ment west was during the decade from
1910 to 1920, when it advanced only
9.8 miles. The total westward move
ment from 1880 to 1880 was $50 miles.
The bureau said the closeness with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27

The population of Moscow, capital Of
Russia. Is said to have more than
doubled in the past II years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
rn Isr@n1%

Round trip to California good thirty I
days from New York-Washkngton and I
intermediate cities si25.0O. Pullman |
tourist sleeping car leaves washington |
daily. Pullman fares about half. Also
cheap one-way fare Washington to Los
Angeles or San Francisco ss2.54: also
coach fare s67-70 good in standard or
tourist sleeping cars to New Orleans /
and in coaches beyond Also round trip
Summer excursion fares good until De-
tober 3ist Write for illustrated book
Observation-Disclosures ROUTE. south /
eTn Ry Executive Once Bidk.. Wash |
ington, d. c. Tel Nat. 5S8s.-AdveF- |
tisement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
OUR NEIGHBOR ON THE
NORTH

investments in Canada have gone up from $780,
100000 In 1913 to the huge sum OF s4436,0l1 900.
Well workers, when Wall Street has that much
kale invested in Canada you expect Matthew
Vol and all other labor" agents OF Wall Street
to be the watchdogs Of "ou neighbor on the
North" and to celebrate, Vol did, the i'm
prisonment OF the leaders OF the Communist
Patty in Canada.
It was November when Tim Buck, Secretary
OF the Communist Party; Tom Even, a member
Of the Central Committee and Secretary Of the
Workers Unity League Cthe red trade union
movement; Malcolm Bruce, editor Of the Party
organ, THE WORKER Amos T. Hill, John Boy
chuk Sam Carr, Matthew Popovttch and
Thomas Cacic-went on trial at Toronto, Onta-
rio, Canada, on three charges, the most i'm
portant, at least for our inquiry, being under
what is called Section SO" Of the Criminal Code,
against what are called Unlawful associations"
Where did this come from? You American
workers should remember where Section %"
came from For, away back In 1919, when the
workers of Canada were rebelling against wage
cuts and all the other capitalist repressions being
piled on them, there historic General
Strike at the city of Winnipeg, in Manitoba, and
Wall Street, headed by the Morgan Bank, which
has and had literally billions invested in Canada,
became frightened.
The Winnipeg General Strike not only gave
Wall Street nightmares ABOUT tine "bOSheVlk
menace to their Canadian investments, but the
menace threatened to spread wide across the
border Seattle workers had a General Strike,
too And Morgan was nervous. 1t was then
that the pressure of Morgan and Wall Street
upon Canada brought about the passage Of the
Unlawful association" act known Section
98''-under which the eight Communists mem
toned above were judged guilty" on November
70, 1881
Not only thatl The Communist Party of Cam
ada was declared Illegal" all its members sub
ject to imprisonment, all the property, belong
ings and facilities" subject to seizure! The eight
leaders mentioned were sentenced to prison for
terms up to five years as members OF an I'M
lawful association and parties to a seditious con-
spiracy"
The attack upon our brother Party of Can
ada isAstin being pressed. Everywhere the police
are searching for and rounding up suspects"
for Jail or deportation or bothi
But this does not settle matters The work
ing class of Canada is fighting back! Ranying
to the Labor Defense League, the workers and
militant farmers are battling every inch OF the
way. In fact their rising tide Of battle 1t was,
which, as in 1919, excited this attack under Nor
gan's Section 98l"
In this fight the Canadian workers and farm
ers must find the most active support from the
are, SO to speak, responsible for J. P. Morgan and
Section $751;" From the United states must 60
up gigantic protest against the prosecutions
being carried on by "our neighbor on the
NOrthi"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
BY HARRISON GEORGE.


MATTHEW WOLL understands the value OF
III citing a precedent Thus when on Noyem-
Der 23 he launched lying document melting
police violence against the National Hunger
March and calling upon congressman to outlaw
the Communist Party he referred TO Canada for
proof that 1T can be done" and said:
Fortunately, our neighbor the north has
shown US what to do and how to do 1t"
True, the precedent was then only ten days
old. and ten days is not exactly time TO judge
how anything-let alone the outlawing of Com
rnunist Party-n1ay turn out. John Reed wrote
of ten DAYS that shook the world
But even VOL, the miserable bootlicker of
American Imperialism, the bribed fog-horn of
fsscism and vce-president OF the American Fed
Grafton of Labor would hardly dare to claim
openly that the conviction OF eight Communists
st Toronto Canada, ten days before had set
tied" all disputed questions between the capt
talists and the working class and small farmers
Of Canada.
But it was a precedent, not as deep as a well
nor as wide as a church door but 'twould do,
VOL, the DIR. Jekyll and Mr.. Hyde" who per
forms as a reputable labor leader" in the light
of day. celebrated the blow to the working class
Of Canada under the cover of black reaction
furnished by his Craftsmanship of the National
Civic Federation, under the name of which he
called upon American capitalist authority to fol-
low the lead of our neighbor on the North
It was not the first time Matthew Vol had
used Canadian precedent. Earlier i'll 1881 VOL
had led the hue and cry against Soviet dump
ing"-with especial reference to pulpwood. "Our
neighbor on the North" had decreed that the
Soviet Union could neither buy nor sell any
thing in Canada, though the immediate result
CT that was to increase unemployment among
the Canadian factory workers who otherwise
might have had work on Soviet machinery Or
ders
What was Matthew VOLTS complaint about
Soviet pulpwood? Firstly, said he, ct deprives
American Workmen of their jobs" But this was
exploded when it turned out that America pro-
duces not a dimes worth of the kind Of pulp
wood the Soviet was exporting or very little of
any kind of pulpwood, in fact-rnost OF which
is imported from Canada in the already worked
up form OF pulp or paper.
The interest of Vol in Canadian pulpwood
and paper manufacture was however, not off
the line from perfectly kosher" interest in sup
porting American capitalists. Because American
capitalists have no less than $280000,0o0 in
vested in the Canadian" pulp and paper indus
try.
Thus the actions Of VOL, anti-SoViet in the
pulpwood case and anti-Hunger March in his
November % clamor for outlaWing the Commu-
mist Party in the United States as "our neighbor
on the North" had done-were actions in sup
port of American capitalism.
Indeed, VOLTS actions should call attention to
the fact that capitalism in Canada is more
American than Canadian" The Wall Street
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
BY W. c. McCUIsTION.

AVER fifteen hundred narchers have marched
to Washington and back to their starting
point. Thousands Of workers have greeted them
in the cities enroute to and from Washington.
Hundreds Of thousands have followed their pro-
gress in the capitalist press and the workers
press. -
Twelve million unemployed workers are de-
pending upon the hunger marchers for organ
ization, for struggle for leadership to lead them
in their battle for Unemployment Insurance.
Forty million unemployed workers and their
families, facing winter Of misery and starva-
ton hail the militant hunger marchers as fight
ers against hunger, as class-conscious champions
OF the working class.
The hunger niarrhers must keep on march,
ing, they must lead the struggles Of the wen-
ployed and part-tinle employed The fight
against wage cuts and 1ay-offs, the fight against
the Hoover stagger system and the fake char
tiles The fight for bread and 1fe for menn-
ployment insurance and immediate relief, for
the defense Of the Soviet Union.
The Hooyers, Melons, Grandis, tayals, Mac
Donslds, Bruenings, all Of the international
grafters have watched the hunger march. In
the swelling tide of working class solidarity they
see the death of their irnperialist oligarchy.
Quakdng With fears they are feverlsilly prepay
ing smother srapsr!alist slaushSsvs vsr directed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16

became tired of the temporizing of the Socialist
Party" Emphasis ours-D.W)
According to Morus, the author OF this book,
Bavarian indllstrialsts were the first to finance
Hitler Privy Councillor Aust, head of the Bava-
rian Federation OF Industrialists, has been the
leading financial agent Of German fascism.
Others are Hornschuh prominent manufacturer
of Kulmbach and Consul General Scharrer. The
auathor names whole list Of dukes, princes and
other mobiles Of Bavaria whose money has backed
the Hitlerites.
A recent Investigation by the German Reich
stag disclosed that the Federation Of the Iron
masters of the Ruhr and the machine industry
of Wurtemburg were heavy contributors. 1.-THE
Annalist" states Some of the other Ruhr mag
mates proved to be just as sympathetic toward
the National Socialists, willing to take a chance
on their program of naturalization"
Foreign bankers and industrialists have also
added their mite to make Germany safe for
themselves. From Switzerland came $4,000
francs. In Holland, German patriots collected
for the folks at home And most important in
showing up the misleading foreign policy of
Hitler, was the contribution made by the Skoda
Works, the largest munition factory in Czecho-
slovakia, which is partly controlled by French
capital
Outside OF the direct financial aid given by
German capitalists they have thrown open the
factories to fascist agitators and invited them
to Organize their men. The large Siemens
plants and the Borsig Works were among the
first to do this. Another large hacker Of Hitler
is the general director Of the United Steel Works.
In view of this concerted effort of the capt.
talists to sell Hitlerism to the German workers,
it is credit to the working class that Hitler
has not been able to break into the working
class front. Every capitalist analysis OF the Ger
man situation has admitted that although Hitler
has succeeded in smashing the other bourgeois
parties, l. E., OF rallying all the forces OF reac-
ton around him, the Communists are steadily
winning the working class.
The Hitler party has one aim--to save capt.
organizations and the resistance Of the working
class. The case is so urgent that the doctor has
had to make utmost demagogic use OF slogans
aimed to win the support of the working class
while really aimed against the interests OF the
workers The wolf in sleeps clothing has been
recognized by the German workers. The mask
has been ripped away.
During the past few weeks Hitler has been
forced by his foreign hackers to reasslMe the
world that the debts would not be cancelled,
that the German massee must continue TO bleed
for Morgan and Young; to German capitalism
he has sworn that these Jewish institutions, the
trade unions" would be smashed. Hitlerisr
stands in the light Of day with the leer OF death
for the workers on its face.
~as.----------
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
BY SATOMI
MANCHURIA AS A SEMI-COLoNY.


MANCHURIA is rich in raw materials and food
IVA products, which the imperialists are anxious
to control In addition it Is most important
strategic point in the struggle for the Pacific and
its coasts, and as a military base against the
Soviet Union. Japan has long maintained mo-
nopoly rule through her transport and indus
trial combine, the South Manchurian' railway;
owns numerous enterprises railways, the Flu
shun and Yentay coal mines, the Anshan iron
factories, electric stations, Port Dairen, ware
houses, hospitals, schools laboratories expert
mental stations etc. etc.
Manchuria for Japan is the source of raw ma
terial and food and her market for industrial
commodities The Japanese here get more profits
from exploiting the fabulously cheap local labor
power the Chinese; they exploit the peasantry,
by buying up their agricultural produce and raw
materials at unbelievaby low prices, through
middle men and usllrers. At the same time they
sell their commodities in the towns and villages
OF Manchuria at high prices through the mo-
nopoly. During 1880 alone their net profits In
Manchuria were over 100000 yen.
AS for the other imperialists, neither are they
greatly inclined to be pushed into the back
ground in Manchuria, promising with profits.
They also want to suck the blood Of the toilers.
Such is the nature of parasites. They gradually
penetrate into Manchuria in railway and port
etc., pursuing at the same time the competition
and the struggle for greater profits one going the
better than the other in the innumerable ways of
exploiting the toilerS.
The local get-rich-ql capitalists, desiring to
compete with their more primitive technique,
with the imperialists make up their losses at the
expense Of the workers.
Such is the environment OF the 100000 strong
Chinese proletariat in Southern Manchurial
The position of the Chinese workers is most
unenviable. More often than not they work un-
restricted hours. Even where the working day is
restricted, 1t is as long as IL and IA hours. The
miners begin their working day at three In the
morning.
Wages are incredibly low. Skilled workers do
not get more than 10 American dollars month,
and usually, the wages are as low as six dollars
with deductions for food and crude lodgings in
the barracks. The imperialists pursue their ma
tional policy In fixing wages. For instance for
performing the same work on the South Man
churian Railroad Japanese get about $3.50 while
the Chinese only get As cents.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-16
Now What About 1t?

We refer TO The screaming headlines and wild
yarns of the past two months, cooked up by the
japanese imperiasts and eagerly featured in
the American capitalist papers to the effect that
RED Russia" was "Arrning the Chinese, Rus
sian munitions Going to General Mah'Aend
so on.
Now look what is admitted from the Japanese
themselves, who rule Dairen, in South Manchu-
ria, as completely as they rule Tokio Here is q
dispatch from Shanghai, printed of course, on
page 90 of the N. Y. Times of December IS:
"Shanghai-Dairen teiegraphs that the po-
lice bureau there officially states that nineteen
Japanese, including two young employees of tne
Japanese owned South Manchurian Railway.
have been arrested for the Illegal importation
Of arms and ammunition. witch were, perhaps,
sold to Chinese in North Manchuria.'
This is just small sample Of capitalist crook
edness. Here are japanese selling munitions to
the Chinese with which TO kill japanese though
we must say that they had it coming for in
vading China. 81,
Capitalists will murder their blind grandmoth-
ers to make an honest penny. From our knowl-
edge, we are convinced that Chinese charges are s
true, that say the japanese themselves arm and
finance the bandits" that attack the Japanese
and thereby furnish All excuse for Japan's troops
to flight bandits"
There is no perfidy or deceit too low for CAPT
talists to use to make money or justify some
thievery. It is we'll to recall that, just before
America entered the World War, the British were
searching American merchant vessels going to
Scandinavian ports regardless of the fact that
such searches were in violation of international
law Woodrow Wilson was forced to register a
strong kick against England for this reason.
But England answered by. showing that Amer
lean shipments to the neutral Scandinavian
countries was big beyond all proportion to the
shipments sent there before the war-the in
ference being that what America was shipping
ito Scandinavia"--Was,. really being shipped
through Scandinavia to Germany and thus was
defying the Allied blockade.
And what was Americas answer to this rather
conclusive proof that it was making money out
of the war? 1t was nothing less than a counter
charge against Great Britain that it, too was
selling a whole lot more munitions to Scandi-
navan countries than before the war-and thus
the British capitalists were making money by
selling munitions to Germany that German
troops we're using to shoot down British soldiers!
OF course, shortly afterward America went to
war to save Morgan's four billion dollar loans to
the Allies, and the little quarrel was forgotten
But we presume that both continued arning the
enemy"-and making money for the capitalists
- But what now has become of the fairy tales
about Red Russia arming the Chinese? Do you
think they are finished? Then you're foolish. For
we'll bet our left eye that this same old lie will
be dug up next Spring, or whenever Imperialism
finds itself ready to use 1t an excuse to seize
the Chinese Eastern Railway and attack the
Soviet frontieri -