davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
INSURANCE FIRMS I
IN GOOD CONDITION

Present depressed price levels for
shares OF leading life fire and casualty
insurance companies probably have been
induced, az least in part. by reports TO
the effect that even the strongege in
surance companies are suffering Sc
verely from inadequate rate schedules
IN some divisions of the business, the
generally lower trend OF security values
and larger loss ratios as a result of the
prolonged depression, says the Stand
sTd Statistics Co. Of New York In a cur
rent bulletin.
Our investigations disclose " said the
bulletin that these reports have little
foundation, except possibly as regards
certain individual companies We find
that IL is true that casualty insursnc
premiums have contracted in volume
because OF reduced pay rolls and in
creased unemployment Other divisions
of the casually insurance business.
however, have shown no alarming de-
crease in income comparable With other
lines Of business
we find. further, that there has been
no disposition. at least as far as the old
line companies are concerned to In
culRe in uusound underwriting prac-
tees in an attempt to maintain pre-
MUM volume TO the contrary, inSur-
snce authorities advise us that under
writing Is more conservative today. by
and large, than for some years past
an sum. we believe that whereas the
results OF the various lines Of insur-
snce win this year be relatively un-
satisfactory IA perfectly natural ex-
peTienee IN such a Sifbnormal period.
they will not be nearly as Disappointing
as present prices for individual insur-
ance shares would indicate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
SHOE TTpMs ACTIVE

NEw YORK. August II tspeo.sD -
The increased production schedule
started toosy 81 the Massachusetts
plants OF Cnitoa Shoe Machinery, along
with the markct action OF shoe stocks.
calls attention TO this group, which. as
q elsss, have been responding 10 better
eaTnings International shoe. which
earned $l12 a share IN the first six
mcntns against Sl75 a year ago ia the
same period, has spescsd Its daily out
Put 70 the highest level Ia more than q
year knd.cott-5chrsSnn earned s25l q
share in the first halt, against s2I2 in
the Ssne 1880 PERIOD. It has incre2S d
output end soon may advance prices 10
per cent. Melville shoe Co. operator
OF sos shoe stores showed dollar volume
sales n the first six months of 80 per
cent from the same 1880 period, due TO
q price reduction Of 10 per cent early
this year. Unit sales Of this chain are
tncreastuA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
BONDS IRREGULAR
IN SMALL MARKET
Rail Group Declines in Selling
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List Lower.
BY F. H. RICHARDSON.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, August lT.-Bonds fIuc-
tuated irregularly in quiet trading to-
day. For the most part the domestic
industrial list was firm, but railroad
bonds were generally lower. In the for
eign department initial tirmness in
European bonds was replaced with q
heavy tone. in response to weakness in
London and Paris and some anxiety
over the projected reopening of the
German exchanges.
In domestic bonds the action of the
stock market was the ruling factor.
Oil company bonds reflected the upturn
in oil shares. Phillips Petroleum 5Ls
gained point Shell Union Oil SIS were
fractionally higher. Texas Corporation
SIS were active and at one time higher
on the day. Prime oil issues such as
Standard Oil of New Jersey SIS and
Standard of New York 41as were firm.
Houston Oil 5i2s were steady The
drastic restriction measures taken in
both Oklahoma and Texas are expected
to result in sharp advance in oil
prices.
Among high-grade carrier issues.
Atchison general As. Great Northern Is,
Northern Pacific As and Baltimore g.
Ohio first As held steady United States
Government bonds and the prime pub
lie utility descriptions were firm.
Some nervousness was apparent in
the foreign list because OF the poor
reception in London and Paris of the
announcement that the German ex-
changes would be reopened August 20
The reports of added taxation on the
new British conversion bonds and the
doubtful effects of the proposed revenue
tariff were also reasons for a lower
range abroad. German Young plan
5ias, after opening firm, dropped about
2 points and then recovered part OF
the loss. Dawes PREPARATIONS Is touched
90 and then reacted about a point
German Central Bank bonds, munich
pals and utilities tended lower. Sic
mems & Halske 612s, however, advanced
sharply.
A group OF industrials, measured by
their average prices, were today about
2lz points above their recent low levels.
Included III this category were Armour
OF Delaware 512s, Certainteed SIPS.
Chile Copper SIS. Dodge Brothers IS,
General Theaters Equipment SIS, Good
year IS, international Cement SIS, Nc
KeSson e. Robbins LIS, Paramount-Fa-
nous 6s, Paramount-Publix SIS, Rem
lngton Rand 5l2S St. Joseph Lead 5I2S.
Warner Brothers Pictures IS and VIII
son & Co. first S.
Railroad bonds were inactive at the
start, but later worked substantially
lower, though some of the better Sec
ond-grade obligations such as Erie SIS.
Chicago 81 Northwestern 4las. Allie
ghany 5s, Rock Island refunding As, nh-
nois Central 494s. Missouri-Paciflc SIS.
New Haven IS, Southern Pacific 4I2s of
1869 and Western Maryland As were
steady and inclined to hold most of the
Improvement made near the end of the
last week. Frisco prior lien A As, Chi
cago d Northwestern 434s and Rock
Island 4l2s Of 1852 and convertible 4Ias
were sharply lower.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
FOOD IN HIGHEST
GROUP FOR SALES
Statistics Show Rank of Va
riouS Retail Goods in
United States.
BY CHAS. p. SHAEFFER,
Associated Press Business writer.


twenty-five and six-tenths cents Of
each of the $5O.033, s50. 900 expended in
retail trade in the United States in 1929
went toward the purchase of food, the
highest group classification Of the vari-
Gus branches of industry making up the
total retail trade.
This Is brought out by compilation
of complete statistics on retail trade OF
the 4s States and the District of Co
lumbia covering the calendar year 1929
Whereas a preliminary report cover
ing only Is States showed the auto
motive group leading the list, the COM
plete statistics show this branch in sec
0nd position, Boosting 1903 per cent OF
ali sales. "Ail other stores" Is in third
place with 1923 per cent, while the
other groups are rated as follows;
General merchandise, i4.27.
Apparel, 862.
Lumber and building, 7.27
Furniture and household. 4.57.
Restaurants, etc, 4.l9.
Country general stores, 3.55.
Secondhand stores. OBJ.
Statistics for the country as whole
show that the purchase OF food was
highest in South Carolina, where 81 .53
per cent OF the total Was expended in
lIAlS QlEcCbHOu- ~ Nf1o A4SAANGSS IA NSNeAA
Dakota, where only 1922 per cent was
used in purchasing foodstnffs.
Auto Group.
The automotive group found greatest
favor in Oklahoma where percentage
of 271g went toward motor purchases
and least in New York with a percent
age OF 1894 General merchandise
third in Importance in the group, found
highest favor in North Carolina, where
Is 90 of the total was spent in this d.
rection. and least IN Vermont with S74
per cent
The percentage Of sales by principal
types Of stores throughout the entire
country, as compiled from individual
state reports, follow:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
LEGAL RESTRICTION
OF COTTON URGED
Carolina Legislator Suggests
That No Crop Be Planted
in 1892.
BY the Associated Press.


COLUMBIA. S. c., August 17.-An
act by Congress to regulate the cotton
acreage in 1882 was proposed today by
Representative Hampton P Fulmer,
Democrat. Of the seventh South Caro-
lima district. as one means OF raising
the price of cotton.
In a letter addressed to the Federal
Farm Board. Representative Fnlmer
suggested that as an immediate step
toward relief of the cotton grower the
board take over the present crop and
sign up farmers mot to~plant any cot
ton in 1882"
Let the next Congress he continued.
pass legislation. which ] believe 1t can
do under the welfare clause of the Con-
stitution of the United States, to regu-
late the acreage to be planted in 1882
and over a period of two or three years
If necessary"
He said legislation was necessary for
the success of the plan, because If the
farmers merely signed an agreement
many of them would break their con-
tract. others would refuse to sign and
there would be thousands of new plant
ers going into cotton farming to take
advantage of any price that might &C
crue because of such plans"
Representative Fulmer termed the
boards proposal that every third row
Of cotton be plowed up absurd and
radical"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
Washington Stock EXCHANGE
SALES

Washington Rwy. 81 Elec. 4s-$l 900 at
9314.
Capital Traction Colo at SO.
Seventh Street Savings Bank-lo at
200, 10 at 200, 4 at 29o
Lanston Monotype-10 at 81.
Mergenthaler Linotype-4 at n, 2 at IT.
Real Estate Mtge. q Guar pfd.-IOO at
612, 100 at s z, 100 at 6la, 100 at 81
AFTER CALL.
Washington Gas IS $500 ct 1851
500 at 1857
Chesapeake 81 Potomac Tel. of Va. SIS
GSnn at los
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17

This year England viii produce only
one-fifth the sugar il viii consume
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17

Sales. High. Low Close.
West Nd IS So 49, rs rs 74& 74A
West Union s'51. IL 1915 1881 1885,
West Union S. go. S 1884 103 1885,
West Tn Ga 's6 3 Il0Is 1I0m IlOss
w f o rs 81 Wv. y 1921 1O2ts I02ss
Mick Sp CIV Is a.. SIS SIS S.
wi & Co LIST SIS II. 94ss s4 *
Axohama S. ST.. se% soh COS.
TRstn sat IS All. IL e7ka gTh a7M
xgAtp sat 81 B'7o. z 97M ~ -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
BANK LOANS GAIN.
BY the Associated Press,

Bank loans and discounts scored q
slight increase during the week ended
August 8 as their change was calcu-
lated by the Commerce Department.
In the averages that follow the level
is given for comparable periods. based
on Representing the Ie23-25 totals as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17

BONDS.
PUBLIC UTILITY
MISCEILANEOnS

Barber 3 Ross. Inc, 6las. -. 7s -.
Chevy Chase Club 5I2s ~ 100 -
Columbia Country Club 5las 1904 1903
D. c. Paper Mfg. 6s.. 30 20
Wash. Mkt. Cold Storage SIS 90 49,,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
STOCKS.
PUBLIC UTILITY.

Amer Tel & Tel te) - i7s
Capital Traction Co. o.. 3Th 90
Washington Gas Light Co. isl. lis 49,.
n e. w. Steamboat DID,. ITS 100
Pot. Eiec. Power ST. pfd. sllln lis
Pot Elec Power SAL pfd 'il0 Il0a
Wash. Rwy a. FL com (7l "425 -.
Wash. Rwy g. e.. pfd 3D.. $685. 1901
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
DIVIDENDS DECLARED

NEw WORK. Augnsl Y q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17

1890 AM. 600 1900 Noon. 100000
1880 P.M........ 0O00 06 2:10 PM. 100000
table the annual cash
hayesrly declaration
tPaTtly tPlus Sc stock iPls &c in stock A rag
Payable IN cash
Special preferred stock
no n Plus stock Plus 21a1e IN STOCK
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-17
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
Received by whe to The Sta


Wire Direct to The Star once.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
HEALTH sERVICE--
Strange Sensitivity Cases Studied

viously not been well understood.
Sensitivity apparently is related
to such conditions as asthma, hay
fever, eczema, chronic rhinitis, erup-
tions on the skin, persistent head
aches, and perhaps to disturbances
of the intestinal tract, the frequent
appearance of canker sores and
many similar disorders.
Determination of the existence OF
sensitivity demands all of the
acunen and diagnostic skill that
the physician may possess.
Already allergy has become a spe-
cialty within the great field of med
ical science. Such experts arrange
to test the reaction of the patient
to extracts Of proteins of various
types, and on the basis Of these re-
actions to present to the patient a
plan Of life involving the avoidance
OF the protein substances to which
tlae patient may be sensitive.
Sometimes it is possible by the
injection OF the patient with in
creasi1g doses Of extracts of the
substances to which ne may be sem
Sitive to desensitize him so that
thereafter he does not suffer from
any disturbance.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
Race. Riches or Reason?

Are we prostituting the brains and Drawn Of the
human race to the accumulation Of riches? So alleges
the distinguished British scientist Arthur Keith, in
the New York Times.
According to Dr.. Keith, there have been two main
stages in the evolution Of the and human culture
The first was very long prehistoric phase, IN
which the evolution Of man proceeded under cohol-
tons established by nature. IN that long phase
mans evolution proceeded apace. Higher and higher
types Of mankind we're produced. The world was con-
trived cunningy for the production Of race-not OF
wealth
The second phase-critical and shortest in 10000
years ago. with the discovery Of agriculture leading
on to our modern civilization. In this second phase
evolution has proceeded among man-nade conditions
Tie main aim Of this second phase has been the
production Of wealth-not Of race Civilization is
smashing natures machinery Of evolution to frag-
ments"
The way out, according to Dr. Keith is the applica-
ton Of eugenic principles and the subordination OF
money-rnakng to race Improvements:
Statesmen are awakening to the fact that breed
ing race is as important-nay, is more important
than the accumulation Of national wealth see in
the rise Of strong schools Of eugencs clear proof that
white peoples are resolved that economics is not to be
the mistress Of their destiny, but their slave The
motto of the eugenist is manhood first, commerce
second"
One may welcome all such suggestions for racial
Improvement but our most serious handicap today Is
not physical defect but erroneous ideas ard faulty
institutions There is not the slightest evidence that
our present distressing confusion and depression are
due to lack Of physical prowess native integ ace
our world crisis is cultural, not physical.
Nor is there any proof that any reasonable in
crease in Drawn brains would help us out Of our
mess The very notions and practices which are
challenging civilization today have been upheld
powerfully by some of the greatest intellects of our
time-the elder Morgan the elder Rockefeller, Win
ston Churchill Poincare. Stiffness and the like
There is no proof that hde-bound Torysm is cor
related with physical or mental defect If our civiza-
ton in the United States is to be saved, it will have
to be through the application Of some such body OF
ideas as those expounded by, say, George Norris.
The economic and political principles of George
Moses ultimately would ruin America or any other
modern civilization But there is no evidence that
the Nebraska George possesses any greater physical
or mental vigor than his colleague from New Hanp~
shire
Intelligent education rather than eugenics is what
we need today Indeed, eugenics becomes significant
and possible only as unit in a broad and modernzed
educational scheme.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
An Anolnpv to Kansas

Recently, discussing the action OF the Kansas
legislature passing bill to restore capital punish
nent we remarked, kansas has not been distin-
guisaed for straight political thinking in recent
times
Now, it seems, we owe that state or its Governor
Harry w. woodring. an apology Governor woodring
has vetoed the bill and his veto message is an example
Of very straight thinking, indeed Among other
things, he says:
MY veto Of these bills is not actuated by any
naudlin sympathy for the criminal Society has the
right and must protect itself against the assaults of
the ant-socia My veto Is predicated upon my con-
vct!on that is for the best interests Of the state
that capital punishment be restored and 1t is with
the interests of society in mind that exercise the
veto power.
While the science OF criainclogy, which en-
braces TIE science Of penoogy is subject upon which
we all have definite. pronounced. and generally err
roneous views the truth is that most Of the defects in
our system Of dealing with crime due to failure
to put away passion and prejudice and attack the
luton Of the problem from scientific angle, as We
DO other problems
I'VE can not avoid the primitive human instinct
which demands vengeance for the satisfaction Of the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
Revolt in India

Revival OF riots in India on the heels OF the
4andhi-British truce reveals the weakness Of Great
Britains n1uddle- through method. While Britain has
been treating Caudh and his unconditional dominion
status movement as something to be fought more
extreme revolutionary movement has been growing
under cover.
Apurehensive Of this development the more in
tellgent statesmen in London for some years have
been urging acceptance Of Candhi's terms, rather
than be forced to accept worse in the end. Londons
failure to act on this policy drove all sections Of the
Indian nationalist movement further to the left
candhi along with the rest,
The same popular pressure which pushed Gandlai
to the left in turn produced younger and more ex-
IRENE group Of leaders They now challenge the
Candhi truce as treason to the nationalist cause
Soon Gandhi may be all that keeps the British
from being kicked out Of India, bag and baggage.
He may be and may not BE- according to how fairly
the British deal with Gandhi in the coming critical
months.
Upon Britain's willingness to make additional con-
cessions for unconditional dominion status will de-
pend not only Gandhi's observance of the temporary
truce but also Gandhis ability to restrain his restless
millions.
The incidents during the last week, in which angry
crowds have jeered and nlolested Gandh because Of
his truce could not have occurred q year or even
2 month ago. That temporary temper OF the masses
is apt to grow
From the British point Of view the danger in the
younger revolutionary movement is its method OF
violence Under ordinary circumstances military
power can handle violent native revolt by the quick
and simple use Of machine guns. Britain has done
that in the past.
But the situation is too explosive now. Repetition
Of the Anritsar massacre of natives might lead to
wholesale massacre of British. Anyway. the younger
revolutionary leaders propose to only violent
revolt but to couple with that the well-tested
Gandhi method OF steady economic boycott and
nonpayrnent Of taxes.
such being the situation, it would appear to be
70 the British interest to go a long way toward
granting Gandhis reasonable demands rather than
precipitate bloodshed which eventually would sever
India from the British empire.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
Peoples Voice

Editor TimeS-I notice in the
Indianapolis papers an account OF
a Bible study class in a Iady's home
IN the supposed-to-be rich north
side district being stopped by
neighbors by law. They said that
it in no way interfered with them,
nor was it q, nuisance, but that it
would depreciate the value Of the
property. a very poor, finasy ex-
cuSe.
The Bible says, when a few meet
together in my name, there will I
be also" It is coming to a peculiar
situation when people studying the
Bible, especially in the owners
home, and 7 must say one of the
beauty spots on the north. side, are
interfered with.
Last Sunday morning 7 arose
early, took an interurban, and came
to your city unbeknown to any one
and attended one Of these gather
ings, and I safely can say that if
any one Of the signers of that pc
tition would have attended that
grand meeting Of God-loving peo-
pie, they surely would have been
ashamed.
ITO dwell together in peace, to
seek the truth in love and to help
one another" This is their creed
and it surely fits the little group.
I offer prayer each day for them,
and may this just be a step to big
ger and better things, and may they
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
System Is Crooked

THE war resulted in regret
1 able amount Of dishonesty,
just as wars always do. While mil
lions of young men died at $50 q
month, or less, other people made
unreasonably large fortunes by sup
plying them food, clothing, equip
ment and ammunition.
The crookedness this involved
was excused as necessary by every
political system. Indeed, it was
woven right into the system.
Postwar prosperity lulled people
into the belief that it probably
wasn't SO bad as painted, and that,
if it were, why should they worry,
as long as they got theirs?
1t took the depression to wake
them up, which shows that even
the worst disaster is not always an
unmixed evil.
The chances are ten to one that
the Pittsburgh grocer's plant would
have fallen fiat but for the great
amount Of unemployment and the
large number Of property owners
who couldn't pay their taxes.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27

reSenLneuL OF CrlDal udyS CUI
cestors viewed the punishment Of crime as personal
matter, to be settled between the parties or in case
Of homicide between the accused and the relatives Of
the deceased.
Sometimes the relatives demanded life for q
life; sometimes blood money was accepted in salts
faction Of the crime Later, under monarchical sys-
TENS, the commission Of crime was considered per-
sonal afront TO the sovereign and the punishment was
reted OUT by the ruler to satisfy his demand for
personal vengeance.
Among the Jews and other eastern peoples with
highly developed religious instincts the crime was
personal aront to the Deity, who demanded salts
faction OF his desire for personal vengeance and the
tribe or community killed cast out the offender to
avoid having the wrath Of their Deity visited upon
them.
Until comparatively recent years many crimes
that now are minor ofIenses were punishable by
death Long and bitter experience taught that severe
punishment did not deter crime, but made conviction
more difficult.
Gradually, from this experience, civilized nations
have adopted the theory that the criminal laws must
be administered solely for the protection Of society,"
and that the lust for personal vengeance must be
disregarded in the interest Of social order.
I'VE have also learned that society itself is in many
cases responsible for permitting the subnormal and
mentally deficient to be at large when they clearly
are subjects for institutional care"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-03-27
Breeding Tanks

NHE process developed bv DR.
l. Wilson is known as the "ac-
tlvated sludge method"
The raw sewage is run into tanks
where 1t is aeriated to supply suffi-
clent oxygen for the battle of the
microbes. The sludge settles to the
bottom Of the tank, leaving wafer
which, according to Dr.. wilson Is
purer than the drinking water Of
most cities.
The water is run of into a lake
while the Sludge is run through
orlers and later sold as fertilizer.
This fertilizer, according to Dr
Wilson, is rich in nitro9en and
phoSphoric acid and. sells readily At
about $40 a ton.
At the present time, DR.. Wilson, is
working upon plans for breeding
tanks In which to raise protozos
He believes that the process could
be speeded up by introducing stir
more Of the animal MICROBES into
the tanks.
DR.. Wilson is a colloid chemist Of
vide experience. He has made in
portant contributions to the leather
industry and allied industries.
He was born in Chicago on AUG
10, 1890, and educated at New York
university and the University of
Leeds. England. He has been q lee
turer at the University of Chicago
and at Columbia university.
At present, he lives in Milwaukee