davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26
International Fellowship Tribe
(By Herman r. Frame)

This organization is seeking {,
bring the youth of the present da,
countries into a closer understand
ing of each other, thereby construct
ing bonds of friendship that will re
main when boys are men" War is
the curse of mankind Stop elorify
ing war. Our movies glorify it
our authors put a thrill into it. But
when we arrive at grim realities
terrible Here is what my British
pal Ernest a. Perry of London
thinks of war. Under the headino
of Combat he writes:
1t was a dark, moonless October
might. London lay shrouded in dark
ness beneath a starlit sky, its ways
gloomy with the fitful light OF
screened street lamps; the street
/ cars crawled along in darkness: the
\ few pedestrians hurried frantically
! homeward Faint in the distance
the still, piercing sound of the po-
, licemen's whistles sounded. and the
faint cry of Take Cover re-
echoed from afar.
! The dreaded dragons OF the sky
were bound Londonwards, and from
| the east the faint, angry murmur of
! gunfire rose steadily to a mble.
and on sudden the mighty city
was surrounded by a 20 mile ring
OF Kissing death. From score of
emplacements guns barked and
shells screamed upwards into the
black vault of heaven: stabbing
fingers or cropping light leaped into
being, and above all, the angry
drone of fighting scouts on ven
geance bent, throbbed and thrum-
med from the skies.
Boom. A reverberating crash
drowned the bark of the guns, the
scream Of high explosive shells, the
drone of the planes. A bomb had
dropped. Then another, and anoth.
er, faster they came, and from a
dozen points gouting flames arose
The clangour of the fire engines as
they dashed to fight the flames now
mingled with the hateful. terrify-
ing symphony Of war! Ten thou
sand feet up, his fast little plane
responding to his every touch,
Leefe Robinson drove through the
skies. His orders had been brief
and pointed: stop them" and stop
them he would. Then, above and to
one side he saw the dim bulk of the
giant zeppelin at the same moment
as a questing searchlight got it; they
held it, and surely no stranger spot
light flooded so great a drama,
Leefe Robinson Zoomed upwards,
his machine gun splitting tracer bull
let's, The airship showed its teeth.
but the pilot, spinning, slipping,
rolling, looping, avoided damage and
climbed ever higher. At last he
was above her. A winking light
showed on his wingtip a moment,
and the gunfire ceased. Down,
down, he drove the plane, and his
tracers got home. A tongue of fire
leapt upwards, and with a Joyous
loop, Leefe got out of harms way
Up, up, spreading rapidly, the fire
gripped the ship, and her doom was
sealed. Down she dipped, down.
then, to the accompaniment of a
shower Of sparks, she broke in two
and fell TO earth, raging furnace.
Twenty-Five were aboard-none liv-
ed
This is true story of war. / saw
it, 500 miles behind the line, ten
year old kid. Is it worth glorify-
ing? Twenty-Five died in that ship;
twenty-five enemies, yes-but men
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26
Reinersville

John Roger Hill who is attending
o. S. u, at Columbus, spent the
Easter vacation at his home here.
Mr.. and Mrs Edmond Walter also
spent the week at the S. L. Hill
home.
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26

John Roger Hill who is attending
O. S. U., at Columbus, spent the
Easter vacation at his home here.
Mr.. and Mrs Edmond Walter also
spent the week at the S. l.. Hill
home
Andrew Cannon who spent the
greater part of the past winter, with
his son in Iowa, came back to Rein
ersville, last week. He went to
GAINESVILLE Saturday, where he ex-
poets to spend some time.
There are a number of cases OF
scarlet fever, or rash, among pupils
of Hackney grade school, and since
a number of high school pupils are
being transported from Hackney vi
cinity to Reinersville schools, it
makes parents of pupils in Reiners-
vile schools fearful of spread of
the contagion here.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G.. Long of
Youngstown, were callers at the
home of the writer, Saturday.
| H. w. Gilliland and F. w. Thorn
| as each lost a horse a few days ago.
F, Mrs. Viola Grandstaff, who spent
several weeks at the home of her
son, Jesse, and wife, in Coshocton
returned to her home here, Sunday
The report of the marriage ol
Miss Josephine Gorrell and Lorer
! Brownrigg was premature, since
the ceremony was only performed
! last Saturday.
| Mr. and Mrs. James Shriver and
Mr.. and Mrs Lewis Shriver and
small child, all Of Akron, came Sat
urday, Mr.. and Mrs. James Shriver
to spend the week end with the lat
ter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs Frank
Walters, and other friends in Rein
ersville, and Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis
Shriver to spend the week end with
Mrs Ida Peck, of Woodgrove.
Mrs. Jennie Smith, who has spent
the greater part of the winter with
her son, w. NJ. Smith, has returned
to her own home in Reinersville.
A truck was here Monday, to re-
move a dead horse to a fertilizer
factory in GAINESVILLE.
Stanley Bond moved Monday to
the Harper farm, now owned by Nc
Laughlin brothers.
Child OF Emmett Morris Dies
A small child of Mr.. and Mrs.
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26
Stockport

Delmer Medley and sister Mrs.
Kenneth Corbin and baby of Spring
field, spent the week end with their
parents Mr.. and Mrs. j. R. Medley.
Miss Dorothy Ross of Columbus
spent the week end with her parents
Mr.. and Mrs. E. J. Ross.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dalton Williams
have sold their property on Main
street to Ward Hilamen. Mr.. and
Mrs. Williams are moving into their
property which has been occupied by
Mr.. and Mrs. r. w. Dewitt on Market
street. Mr.. and Mrs Dewitt are NOV
ing to the Hugh Ellis property, on
Main street, Mr.. and Mrs. w. j.
Dewitt moving to Waterford.
Miss Merle Abel, PennsviIle, is
staying with Mrs. r. w. Dewitt.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mccain have receiy
ed an announcement of the birth of
a great-grandson to Mr.. and Mrs.
Wilbur Sweet at Chagrin Falls, on
Sunday, March Is. Mrs. Sweet will
be remembered as Miss Mary Nc
Cam
Mrs. I. O. Gibbons and daughter
of GAINESVILLE visited Sunday with
Mrs. Sadie Barnes.
Warren Loar visited recently with
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. LOar.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Balm of
Utica, were callers here, Sunday.
The Willing Workers gave a
farewell party last Thursday night
for Mrs. W. T. Devoll who is leaving
this week for her new home at
Waterford A pot luck supper was
served cafeteria style. Miss DevoIl
was presented with linen luncheon
set.
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26

/ p. church Sunday school was pleas
antly entertained last Thursday at
the home of Mrs. J. r. McAnu1ty.
! Mrs. McAnulty assisted by Mrs.
/ Martha Wallace, served two
/ course chicken dinner.
| Mrs. John Sleek, Waterford,
visited recently with her daughter
Mrs l.. V. Rardin.
| Homer Hook of Columbus spent
Sunday with relatives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emmett Mills of
GAINESVILLE, visited Sunday with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Selby Bur-
! field
Carl Brill, son of Mr. and Mrs
Forrest Brill, formerly of this place,
was calling on friends here enroute
to his home at Canton.
Mr.. and Mrs Robt. Durbin and
family visited over the week end
with friends in Columbus.
Mr.. and Mrs Hiram McCann and
Harley Mercer attended the funeral
of Floyd Mercer, which was held at
Waterford.
D. S. Boomer and Arlan Mills of
GAINESVILLE spent Thursday here.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. r. Bishop and
Mrs. Anna Hook and three children
spent Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs
Dennis Daugherty of Pennsville.
Mary Reed Missionary society of
the M. p church, held an interest
ing meeting on last Wednesday
week. 1t was the close of a contest,
and following the meeting, the
guests were invited to the home of
Mrs J. r. Medley, where the losing
! side served delicious lunch to the
winners. Mrs. Cyrus Cheadle was
| leader of the losers, and Mrs. r. w.
Dewitt leader of the winners.
At the March p. T. A. meeting, the
meeting was in charge of the presi-
dent Mrs. E. A. Scott, who gave an
excellent talk on "Our School" A
playlet, "The Old Maids Conven-
ton" was given by number of
ladies.
The Freshman class enjoyed q
party at the high school building,
Thursday night. Candy, home
made ice cream and pop corn were
served, and social time enjoyed
the week end guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Blair, at Columbus
Mr.. and Mrs. John McDermott of
Columbus were the week end guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. T. ]. McHugh.
Evard Wallace Passes Away
Evard Wallace, son of the late
Alexander and Mary Ellis Wallace,
was born March 27, 1858, on their
farm south of Stockport, and passed
away at 1905. O'Clock, Friday morn
ing, March 20, at Bethesda hospital,
in GAINESVILLE, aged II years, IL
months and q days. The greater
part of his life was spent in the
vicinity of Stockport, where he was
respected and loved by all who
knew him. In early manhood he was
united in marriage to Miss Nancy
Miller, who died several years ago.
Later he married Mrs. Ella Outcalt
Russell He was kind and loving
husband and father. He bore his
last years of suffering patiently and
bravely, always having a cheerful
smile and friendly greeting for all.
He united with the Methodist Prot
estant church at Stockport and so
long as his health permitted he at
tended the services. He is survived
hy his wife three sons and three
aughters-Vance of Newark;
Walter, of Lancaster; Edgar, Stock
port: Mrs. Rowena Thompson,
Fredericktown; Mrs. Sylvia Bran
non, Duncan Falls, and Mrs. Pearl
Harrison of Canton; two brothers
and one sister, Edison Wallace of
Malta; Clarence Wallace of Iowa,
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26

Emmett Morris, who reside on the
Kuntz farm, in northeast Manches-
ter township, died Monday. TIE
child had been in poor health for
quite while.
Denzil, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Cbas.
Elliott, is i'll with heart trouble and
rh heumatiSm
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26
ogay County Democrat McConnelsve Thursday

and Mrs. Clara Hook of Beaver
Falls, Pa, also a number of grand
children. nieces and nephews. II
cannot say and | will not say, that
he is dead he is just away; his
honest, upright life is an influence
and a memory that will live on
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1931-03-26
DeerfeId Grange

Program for Deerfield grange for
March 27, at 8 p. M: Roll call, what
| read first in the daily papers;
reading, Blanche Williams: current
events, VIM. Niceswanger: With
eggs at the present price, how can
we feed our hens to produce a
profit, o. c. Glass; song, Mary Mas
sey; How can we avoid the rush in
house cleaning, sisters.-XX.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
MnrdererAmong
-Four ConUictS i'm
Dash to Liberty
By Times Special

By Times special
ANDERSON, Ind, Jan. 3.-In-
diana reformatory guards joined po-
lice here today in search for four
escaped prisoners who were be-
lieved hiding here until they could
resume their fight. The fugitives
made a sensational break Friday
night, crawling through a ventila-
tor to freedom.
The hunted men are Enoch Pleif,
%, sentenced from Lake county,
three to ten years. for second-de-
gree murder; Lee Powell, "a, Mar
ion county, five to-tWenty- years,
for automobile banditry; Samuel
Sanders, 81, Vigo county, five to
twenty-one years, automobile BAN
ditry, and Bruce A. Scott, 26, Della
ware county, fifteen years, for bank
robbery.
Sanders, who had been employed
at the reformatory as a plumber,
complained to the officer in charge
of the dollhouse of a stoppage in a
pipe and obtained possession of a
key leading to a compartment back
of the cell block, where the four
men entered the elevator.
Emerging from the ventilator. the
prisoners lowered themselves to the
roof of the dollhouse on wire. They
jumped from the roof to the ground
outside the wall. Officers discov-
cred the escape fifteen minutes after
the prisoners were outside the walls,
Trace of the fugitives was lost at
Pendleton.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
-Four Men Face
T'iaksb Lives
at NobIesvilLe
By Times Special

By Times Special
NOBLESVILLE, Ind, Jan. 3.-The
docket of the Hamilton circuit court,
which will convene here next week,
carries four murder cases.
William G. Hill, former Indian
apolis policeman, will be tried on
q charge OF numbering Charles Eel
Ter during heldup.
Charles M G mmon. FIovd
Strange and Robert Ingersoll are
charged with the murder of owen
Cr1cgmore in the course of a filling
station robbery.
Conviction in each case would
mean death in the electric chair.
as the indictments are based on
murder while attempting robbery,
for which the extreme penalty is
mandatory.
When arraigned in criminal court
at indianapolis, Hill made a des-
perate attempt to escape. After
the case was brought. to NobIesyille
on change of venue he was re-
moved to the state reforinatory at
Pendleten, as the local jail was con-
Sidered insecure.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
Veteran Gets Position

BIZ Times Special
NOBLESVILLE, Ind, Jan. g.
Frank Hattery, new Hamilton coun-
ty sheriff, announces appointment
of Loyal Hall, World war veteran, as
his deputy. Hattery is the first
Democrat to be elected to Office in
Hamilton county in twenty years.
Roy Horaey, who succeeded j. S.
Shannon as surveyor, has named
Fred Mock as his deputy. Mock has
been connected with the Office
twenty years. Fred Kinnaman, en-
tering upon his third term as re-
cerder, has appointed Miss Grace
DeVaney his deputy. Other new
officers are as follows: Frank Ev-
ans, coroner; Walter Edwards, as
SCISSOR; Emmet Fertig, proecuting at
torney, and A. L. Pursel, commits
SiOner.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
Infirmary Superintendent in
Statement After Charge
of Shaping.
Rn Timea GnecinL

By Times Special
CROWN POINT. Ind. Jan. g.
Charges that inmates Of the Lake
county poorhouse are mistreated
contained in a letter to Hammond
official, are denied by Charles j,
Belshaw, superintendent of the in
stitution.
The letter said inmates had been
slapped for taking an extra cup OF
milk at breakfast. 1t was also
charged that slapping is a punish
nent for the most trivial ofenses
and that there is discrimination in
distributing clothing.
Belshaw asserts the inmates are
treated better than those of any
similar institution in the state. Ad-
hitting some ARE unruly at times -
he asserted none was grossly mis-
treated.
The superintendent says the in
stitution has $50 inmates, 100 more
than it can properly accommodate.
The inmates range in age from 16
to 80 years.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
Gary Superintendent Takes
Rap at Democratic
State Chairman.
By Times Special

By Times Special
SOUTH BEND, Ind, Jan. g.
A conference of school officials Of
Gary, TT. Wayne and South Bend,
here Friday on a bill concerning
municipal school corporations, de-
yeloped charges of the eneroaeh-
ment of politics upon school gov
eminent in Indiana.
The attack was led by William A.
Writ, superintendent of Gary
schools, in urging the support of a
bill placing candidates for the Office
of state superintendent of public
instruction on a special ballot, and
urging the defeat of proposed bill
for state school relief that would
make the larger cities of the state
carry much of the educational ex-
pense in smaller communities.
Points developed during the dis
cussion included the following:
Governor Harry G.. Leslie, for an
nouncing he would force the state
board of education to readopt all
textbooks now in use at its special
meeting next Monday.
- RapS Democratic Leader
r. Earl Peters, Democratic state
chairman, for announcing last
Wednesday the aids of State Super
intendent- Elect George @. Cole, in
stead of leaving the appointments to
Cole himself and to the state board
Of education.
Politicians, for their efforts in be-
half of a proposed state school re-
lief bill, in order to gain patronage
for themselves in southern Indiana,
the section to be especially benefited
by the bill.
Governor Leslie was sharply criti-
cised by Writ for his statement die
tating the action of the board.
1.-THE Governors announcement,
made before bids of book publishers
were opened, kept all the old con-
tractors from cutting prices" Writ
said, in pointing out that not a sim
gle publisher under contract now
had offered a reduction in price in
presenting bids.
IF old text books used throughout
the estate for the last five years are
readopted by the state board of edu-
cation next Monday it will cost the
state one-third more than if new
ones were selected" Writ asserted.
Price Situation Cited
The contractor now supplying the
geography offered the text book for
$1.76, the present price, whereas
other publishers offered Biographies
for as much as 10 cents less. The
publishers providing spoilers offered
the same book for 40 cents, whereas
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
POLITICS IN SCHOOL
AFFAIRS DEPLORED

new spoilers Eere offered for "a
cents. The Governors statement
assuring publishers their books
would be readopted gave the pub
fishers no incentive to reduce their
prices, Writ insisted.
Leaving the Governor and turn
ing to Peters he accused the Demo-
cratic leader of using state school
appointments as political plums.
ut is significant he said, shat
Peters announced the appointments
and not Superintendent-el Cole,
whose duty it is to name his aides,
on the basis of their experience in
a particular field.
"At its meeting Monday, the state
board will be asked to approve the
appointment of these men, made
not by Cole but by Peters. AS a
member of the state board, Tn not
going to stand for it."
The Gary superintendent brand
ed the proposed relief bill is plan
to subsidize the poorer school cor
porations of the state through spe-
cial taxation. While all of the l.187
school corporations in the state
would be taxed for this purpose, 76O
OF them would receive more than
they paid, while 427 would assume
the burden by paying much and re-
ceiving little.
Pay Much, Receive Little ~
1t is estimated that in 1888 Indi-
annapolis will be paying $2,428, 346 a
year to the relief fund sponsored
by GOVERNOR Leslie and will re-
eelve an annual share of only $685.
025. F't. Wayne will contribute
S0O8,534 and get nothing; South
Bend will pay $710,896 and get $847;
and Gary will contribute $6O6.94e
and will be allotted $199, 799.
1T is an outrage Writ declared
to expect larger cities which have
growing school populations to take
care of the support of smaller cor
poratlons-not poor corporations but
mlslnanaged, corporations whose
money in many instances is dist
pated by the uneconomical ma
neuvers of politically minded mem
bers of their school boards"
w. w. Borden of South Bend out
lined provisions of a bill which will
be backed by South Bend and TT
Wayne in the legislative session
putting cities of 100000 population
or more in the first class. The pill
is aimed to change the statutory
provision under cities like Indian
apolis elect a board of school COM
missioners instead of appointing
them. TT. Wayne and South Bend
now in the 100000 class, both seek
to keep the appointive system. Gary,
another city in this class, now elects
it's school board.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
MORE FARMERS
SIGN FOR GRAIN
HANDLING PLAN
Prospects Declared Best
Yet for COOPERATIVE
Marketing.

The outlook for cooperative mar
keting among farmers in Indiana
never appeared brighter than at the
present time, according to Edmond
G. Foust. organization director of
the Central States Grain Associ-
alton in the Offices of the Indiana.
Farm Bureau at Indianapolis. The
organization is part of the fed
eral farm board marketing system,
1t being stakeholder in the Farm
ers' National Gram Corporation,
Chicago, through which all Of its
grain is marketed.
The season of 1880 was the first
for the organization under the fed
eral board set-up and activities are
now under way sor the addition of
members for the coming year.
Our records show that better
than IS per cent of all farmers in
terviewed by our representatives are
signing the marketing agreement, !"
Foust says. Solicitors are report
ing that the general understanding
of the whole cooperative markets
ing program is much better than
last year, or, in other words, the
educational program being carried
ON by the Central States Grain AS
ISOLATION, the federal farm board
and the Farmers National Grain
Corporation is bearing fruit"
Additional elevators are being ac-
quired by the Central States E1e-
vator Corporation, a subsidiary, and
county farm bureau co-operatives,
so that the grain of the member
ship may be handled through
farnler-oWned and farmer-con-
trolled agencies during the coming
harvest season, he said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
intent TO KILL
CHARGE FACED
Father of Four Accused
After Shooting of Farmer.
BIZ Times SpeoiaE

By Times Special
ANGOLA, Ind, Jan. 3.-Tholnas
Geddes, SO, father of four children
is awaiting trial on a charge of as
Sault and battery with intent to
kill, contained in an Indictment by
the Steuben county grand jury
which investigated the shooting OF
Alfred Fisher, SO, a farmer.
While Fisher sat at table in his
home, shot was fired through a
window. Pellets from a shotgun
penetrated his neck, arms and
shoulders.
Authorities say that a disagree
ment over purchase of a farm from
Fisher by Geddes led to the shoot
ing. Geddes has been unable To
keep up. payments, it is said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
Death Driver Sentenced

bV JhIItu fFt6b
VINCENNES, Ind, Jan. 3.-Con-
viction on a charge of driving while
intoxicated drew $25 fine and costs
and a six months sentence at the
state farm for Clifford Winkler, "a
Bridgeport, Ill. He pleaded guilty
when arrsfgned before Mayor j. w
Kimmel, here. Winkler's automobile
was in collision which resulted in
death of Mrs. Violet Combs, 80. Two
other persons were injured.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
HUSBAND HURT
IN AIDING WIFE
Gasoline Iron Used by Man
at Anderson ExpIodes.
By Times Special

By Times Special
ANDERSON, Ind, jan 3.-Do-
ing the family ironing because his
wife was tired, Hubert Pfoffen-
berger was seriously hurt when the
lron' fueled with gasoline. exploded.
Pfoffenberger tore off a. flaming
shirt and then ran to the back
yard, where he filled a bucket of,
water and poured its contents on
the walls of the kitchen, which had
caught fire. He was fighting !
losing battle when city firen1en ar
rived and extinguslled the blaze.
Leaving the house, Pfoffenberger
carried his two children to safety
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
new PROBE OF
DEATH URGED
Accident Theory Doubted
by Victims Brother.
BIZ Times SpociaE

By Times Special
VALPARAISO, Ind, Jan. 3.-Por-
ter county authorities have been
requested by Paul A. Huffman. Chi
cago, to investigate the death of his
brother August, So, found in a
shack on Long lake, and who died
shortly afterward in hospital here.
It was believed that burns from
which Huffman suffered were re-
ceived when gasoline or kerosene
exploded while being used in kim
ding fire. 1t was not until the
following day that he was found.
After visiting the scene Of the
fire, the brother declared he was
not satisfied with the accident the
DRY and asked further investiga-
ton.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-01-03
MERCHANTS LEADER
ASSAILS SALES TAX
Richmond Business Men Told Levy
EaiI,,,-o h., w II paIct

Richmond Business Men Told Levy
Failure by w. E. Balch.
BIZ Times Special
RICHMOND, Ind. Jan. 3.-W. E.
Balch, manager of the Indianapolis
Merchants Association, attacked a
proposed sales tax for Indiana in
addressing a meeting of Richmond
merchants Friday night
He said such a tax had been
failure in Europe and also in this
country, mentioning the states of
Kentucky, Georgia and West Vir-
ginia. The tax was among pro-
posals of Governor Harry G.. Leslie'S
survey commission.
Such levy, Balch declared, is I'M
fair, as it is imposed not on serv-
ice, but on goods. Thus q. profess
sional man selling service would not
be taxed, while merchant would be.