davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
ny BILL GEBERT.

0N November ID, the head
~ quarters Of the Commu-
mist Party in Chicago was raid
ed by the notorious "Red
Squad" of the Chicago police
and the District Organizer, B
X. Gebert, together with 18
other comrades were seized by
the police, which also confis-
Gated files Of the Party. The
night before, police raided the
house of the Section Organizer
of Section A, and Comrade
Gummar Paulson and Clara
Saffren were arrested.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
The Background Of the Attack on
the Communist Party in Illinois

of the miners in Carlinville, which
was addressed by the District Pres
ident of the UMWA, John Walker,
Comrades ice fash. Zip Kocllinsl1i
and joe Lednicky were arrested. All
the arrested comrades with the ex-
ception of Joe Lednicky, against
whom all the charges have been
dropped. are charged, according to
the indictment voted by the grand
jury of Franklin County, which reads
"unlawfully and feloniously and Sc
cretly organized and aided in organ
ization o. certain society and asso-
citation to wit: Communist Party of
the United States Of America
What Is Behind the Arrests
The Communist Party in the State
CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

tia1 law proclamation by the Nan
king government in Shanghai and
many other Chinese cities, where
the anti-inperiansts' mass move
ment is constituting a growing men
ace to the inperialist war moves for
the partition of China and war on
the Soviet Union.
The vast extent of this rapidly
growing mass revolutionary move
nlent is admitted In a Shanghai dis
paach to the New Cork Times, also
showing the extent to which the Nam
king government power is disin-
tegrating. The masses are comman-
deering trains to carry out the mob
ilization for the demonstrations. The
dispatch reports:
"About $4,000 students here today
tied up the municipal administra-
ton, caused the dismissal of Chen
CONTINUED ON PAGE THREEN
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
Gable by rnprecorr)

BERLIN. Dec. 10.-Police Chief
Grzesinski today ordered the sup
preston of Rote Fahne Red Flag
official organ of the Communist
Party of Germany until December II.
The reason for the suppression was
that Rote F7ahne wrote:
From today ON we are forbid
den, under the pain of instant sup
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
MANY MEETINGS
AROUND n. Y.
FOR MARCHERS
Delegates to Report to
Masses Who Sc Mt
Them With Demands

NEW YORK.-A whole set Of mass
receptions for the National Hunger
March delegates is being organized
in different parts of New York and
in the Immediately surrounding
towns. Workers and unemployed
workers will flock to these meetings
to receive the reports of the dele
gates they sent to demand tmem-
ployment insurance of congress, and
to plan the next steps in the fight
to win insurance and relief.
Tonight at Ambassador Hall, Third
Ave. and 175th ST., at pm, seven
National Hunger Marchers from the
two Bronx branches of the Unem-
ployed Councils will report.
At 8 o'clock tonight at Vienna
Mansion, los Montrose Ave, Brook
Ign, all workers in or near Williams
burgh are invited to come to a meet
ing to greet the National Hunger
S@nErTNTrUn ON pArp T~xUna
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
Shanghai Workers and
Students Storm Kuomintang
Offices, Disarm Officers
Marking Official Flees to Foreign Concessions:
Soldiers Fraternize With Demonstrators
League Council 'Legalizes" japanese Seizure
of Manchuria; General Ma Openly Admits
He Is Tool Of the Japanese

Angry Chinese workers and students on
Wednesday smashed the Shanghai headquar-
tiers Of the traitorous Kuonintang Nationalist
Party, captured the Shanghai city hall, dis
armed the police, forced the dismissal of the
Shanghai chief of police and dsarmed Marking military
ficers Marking troops ordered to fire the demonstrators
openly deed their officers and aternzed with workers
and students.
The demonstration carried out in defiance of the mar
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

other laundries have threatened their
drivers with firing If they participate
in the activities of the union, but in
spite of that many members OF the
union working in different laundries
came to the meeting, and helped the
union actively carry on the strike.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
Add Thousands of New
Recruits in 5000
Sub Drive

Sub Drive
HOOVER has flung down his challenge to the workers of
LII America Hundreds of millions of dollars for war; hun
dreds of millions for banks corporations and railways and
huge taxation for the Not cent for the
poyed but Endorsement for the wagecut campaign and
call for dportatons of workers who dare to fight
cuts.
Only daily paper in the language of the country
gives the working class reply to Hooyer-The DAILY
WORKER
The Hoover Hunger Program has created mass de-
and for workers paper that guides struggles. The
Daily Worker Drive for 5000 twelve month subscriptions
must meet this demand.
WORKERS WANT THE DAILY.
Enclosed you will find fifty cents for my renewal sub
for the Daily Worker. l would send but am
not working."-New Bedford Textile Worker.
Speed the workers to the Hoover Hunger Pro-
gram Speed the campaign for five thousand welvemonth
subscriptions for the Daily Worker Masses of workers
raying behind the program of the Unemployed Councils
The National Hunger March increases demand for
workers paper. Meet this demand at once Build
broad and solid foundation for sixpage Daily
Worker.
- To-.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11
Fight for Every Starving and
Freezing Worker!

Freezing worker.
The Next Step of the Hunger March Is Local
Organization and Local Struggles
mo one in the country will be compelled o cold and
hungry."-N. editorial, Nov 49,
Exposure of city; victims man and
believed to have been jobless and without sheterN
Y. Times news item, December g.
THUS ON the heels of deliberate lies supposed
unemployment rief-there
admission of cold and starvation and death OF the
workers.
every street Of every cjty throughout the comry
capitalism speaking through the mouth
4 Il AM OPPOSED TO ANY DIRECT OR INDIRECT GOVERN
The National Hunger March cynical
draws the lines clear in CLASS
AGAINST cLAssl
Let each delegate sent Washington
trip his her home town.
gapng the masses around
be workers fighting for each life Of the starving and freezing
victims of the Hoover Hunger Program
the intensive of the delegates returning from Washing
ton Where there exist no councils they must be organized the
working class district in the couny
the initiative
the attraction into the leadership OF these committees OF
struggle the involving greater in the fight for i'm
the basic of continued and expanding struggle
neborhood struggle the
Unemployed Councils and must swell into huge mass
influence the whole working
Just Washington spite
forced admission their furnishing food to
pennless
will each local authority be compelled willing or unwilling
before the persistent of the militant
lied around the Unemployed Councils And these must show their
ability the fight life the starving
freezing workers.
every the every
meeting local struggle the mobilization
February 4t the next fighting
tnpoymnt Insurance! A F. of L. locals should be appealed to
February 4h
the the leadership the
Employed especially pattme workers
vital demand modified
possible from their shops the demonstrations February h
Fight the Hoover Hunger Program stepl Fight for the lives
workers.
Washington vagel
strations capitalists
Insurance!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

Ex-Governor of New York State and member of the
Emergency Unemployment Relief Committee president of
the Empire State Inc director County Trust Co. of N Y,
Knott Hotels Corp National Surety Co. and Consolidated
Indemnity Insurance Co. Helped Morgan put subway
deal in New York involving millions of dollars; sold power
sites in New York State to the Morganconroed Niagara
Light and Power Co. Now conducting demagogc campaign
for Hoovers hunger program Personally soliciting clerks
and other undergrad workers for contributions to the hunger
funds.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-11

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE,
Evening star., 1931-12-22
Student Hit by Truck Dies.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass, December ~
R).-James M. Roberts, 81, of Seattle,
a Harvard Law School student, died
yesterday from injuries received Sat-
urday night when he was struck by a
truck. Wilson w. Phelps, %, OF Los
Angeles, who was with him, was still
in a hospital suffering from a pune
tured lung and fractured pelvis.
Abraham Niles, "a, of Cambridge,
driver of the truck, is faced with an
additional charge Of manslaughter.
Evening star., 1931-12-22
BRTTONS MAY HEAR NIAGARA ROAR
OVER RADIO ON CHRISTMAS DAY
Experimental Broadcast Includes Talks From London
Making Circuit of Globe

studio will converse with people In
many distant parts of the world The
announcer will start with a conversa-
ton with the warder Of the Tower OF
London Next he will talk with the
ilenthouse keeper at Marys, North
umberland
Following this he will speak with
some one In Gibraltar, then will
Evening star., 1931-12-22
BY the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, December 22.-The roar
kof Niagara Falls will be heard at
British flresides on Christmas. day If
plans of the British Broadcasting Co.
materialize.
An experiment by the company will
include three-quarter-hour program,
Evening star., 1931-12-22

Capetown over the London Soutl,
Africa telephone system, which viii be
opened shortly. Sydney, Australia, will
be heard next after which 1t is hoped
conversation may be established be-
tween the announcer and a British
Columbia lumberjaok eating his lunch.
The lumberjack will be heard via
Canadian beam wireless and a Cana
dian telephone system
The circle of the globe will be COM
pleted with Ship -to-short conversa-
ton with the liner Majestic in mid
ocean.
Evening star., 1931-12-22
MURRAY TAX VOTE GIVEN
Complete Returns show ~ DOT
Poll on Defeated Measure.

OKLAHOMA CITY, December a. LR1.
Complete unoflcial returns from Fri
days special initiative election In Okla
homa as tahulated by the Associated
Press yesterday showed Gov. w. H. MUIR
rays income tax proposal, which re.
ceived the heaviest vote, was defeated
by 27,907 votes.
Evening star., 1931-12-22
GLOOMY GERMANY
IS STILL HOPEFUL
Expert Continues His Sum.
marization of Conditions
During Past Year.

This is :he second Of three stories by
Louis P, Lochner, chief OF the Associated
many's outlook for the new year and
summarizing important Developments OF
1881
Evening star., 1931-12-22
Leaves Fiancee at Church.

Pierre Dalvines of Roqueville. France,
turned away and left the church as the
girl who was to have been his bride ad-
vanced to meet him.
That's repenting in haste.
Evening star., 1931-12-22
Films for Bedridden.

Experiments are being made in Ber-
lin, Germany. with new protector ca
pable Of throwing moving pictures on
hospital ceilings for the amusement Of
ward patients.
Evening star., 1931-12-22
SPITE WIFE"

Judith Denning joined hands with
Stanley Carter in the parlor of her home
in Summerfield while the old minister,
whom she had known all her life said the
words that made them one. Judith was
happy-proud Of this handsome man
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
Ell N DE LECHE NO
SERA Ell PROMOTER EN-
CHICAGO DEL MATCH
SCHMELING-S TRIBLING

New York, Abril lei Fon
do de Leche del New York A
merican Sc ha retirado como
empresario del match entire
Max Schmeling y w. L. Stri-
blin', ahora senalado para ell
medic oeste, y ofrecera aqui
un bout"
En- una declaration official,
Damon Runyon, ell periodista
Y promoter que firmara a esa
pareja para ell match, pero no
podfa verificarlo aquf por O.
ponerse la comisi6n Atletica,
dice que ell Fondo solo esta in
teresado en- levantar fondos
para carload.
"a comisi6n atletica del es-
tado de Illinois, con negocia-
clones para ofrecer ell match,
ALI, decide que ell 500 de las
ganancias debe if para carida-
des de Chicago.
No Sc ha. anunciado todavia
ell match de sustituci6n.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
DE SEMANA A SEMANA
POr Gilbert K. Chestertom

Hace POGO tempo que un dis
tinguido eXperto cientifico hizo
un llamamiento para buscar un
tratamiento de Intermediates
consuntivas mas normal Y me-
nos atemorizante que los en- uso
actualmente. Definiendo uno de
sus aspectos 10 hizo con estas
palabras decisivas LA consun-
'ci6n es tan hereditaria como ell
s~arampi6n".
FL dice que por supuesto la
puede atacar sucesiva-
mente a varios miembros de
una misma familia por la mis-
ma raz6n que puede atacarlos el
~sarampi6n. Yo no tengo ell sa-
Der suficiente para hablar des-
de ell punto de vista tecnico, pc
TO una declaration como esta,
Ique bien puede llamarse autori-
Zada, me hace volver nuevamen
tie a la discussion del t6pico de la
herencia, considerable tanto en-
la ciencia popular como ante la
opinion publica. Y, aunque no
creo saber mucho acerca de los
medicos o de las ~falsedades que
existan en- este case en- particu-
lar, 81 creo conocer algo acerca
de los hechos morales Y falseda-
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

perado por Eddie son, -
Jacksonville, en- la sen final.
Bobby Marriott, que Ma en-
plena decadencia, fue v lid
en- una pelea a seis roundsAcon
Young Burkell de contrario.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

usado el lenguaje de una name
'ra racional dirian la verdad,
porque ell act6 de beber es I'm
instinto humane hereditario,
siendo censurable cuando pOr
ejemplo la cerveza es 10 que Sc
bebe y la actitud es superficial,
artificial yspagada de 81. Pero
10 que querian significar es ell
alcoholismo y 10 que decfan era
I'm dSparate. Nadie ha llegado
a probar alcohol. Nadie en- esta-
do normal 10 ha visto y cierta-
mente que a nadie lie gusta. Lo
que lie gusta a la genie es cierta
|clase eOlacer, va ~excitante o
serene, q1eSSe obtiene por me-
dio de una variedad de liquidos
" va sea por indulgencia mode
rada o por indulgencia excesi-
va. Alcohol es s~implemente uii
nombre que los profesores dan
a I'm elemento en- todos estoS IL
quidos que Sc supone sean Ia
causa del placer mental.
(Continu1r6).
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
FARMER JOE COOPER PU-
so A ORM A RUSSELL

st. Petersburg, Abril 1. -
Farmer Joe Cooper, ell vetera-
no gladiator de peso welter,
Sc levant6 de la Iona en- ell pri-
mer asalto, en- su match con
Young Russell, de Palmetto
Beach, y combatiendo valero-
samente lie puso a dormir en-
ell septimo asalto.
Cooper fue batido sin mise
ricordia en- los primeros asal-
tos, pero sus Electives golpes
con la derecha aniquilaron a
Russell.
Joe Guzman, de Key West,
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
B0XE O
LOPEZ BATIO A BLAINE
EN- JACKSONVILLE

Jacksonville, Abril Tony
Media pinta) Lopez, de Tam
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

La situaci6n de la pelea 81
so-Lizalde, seg1n Sc nos infor-
ma, es la siguiente:
No Sc ~efectuara manana con
motive de ser Santa la presen-
tie semana.
81 llega a verificarse la Sc
mana pr6xima, en- Benjamin
Field, donde va Sc anunciara
en- otra oportunidad, las ga :
nancias seran para ell Cfrculo
Cubano o no habr& pelea.
La Legion Americana, Pues
to Marcelo Gonzalez, habia
actuado bajo la impression de
que Alfredo representaba al
Cfrculo Cubano. Ahora ha re-
cOnocido su error.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

pa/di6 a Johnny Blaine, dsNew venci6 en- la semifinal a Perry
Yrk, una sew gopiza en- Knowles, de st. Petersburg.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

des que lie sirven de soporte Y
que son su 1nica y eterna fuer-
"a motriz.
acknowledgements cue hay mus
chos profesores individualistas
que Sc pelican entire 81 por pun
tos de poca importancia y por
pura curiosidad impersonal 0
acaso por disgusto personal uni
camente. Pero cuando parte de-
p1blico es arrojado en- la turbu-
lencia de I'm debate sobre cien-
cia moral. Las muchedumbres
siempre han sido morales y MIN
guna de elias ha llegado a de-
mandar la cuadratura del circu-
10 0 una severa observation del
transito de Venus. va pueden
los profesores Higgle Y Haggle
arguir acerca de las patas ira
seras de un jumento, o de la
centesima pata de I'm ciempies
que sera una question que ma
die entendera mas que ellos. Pc
no 81 Ell jumento o ell ciempies
llegan a ser figuras heraldicas
en- las banderas o insignias de
La muchedumbre, estamos segu-
ros que en- cierta manera (pro-
bablemente una razon inrazo-
nable) estas cuestiones biol6-
Igicas Sc han enredado con la fe
y la moral; y 10 que prevalece
en- ell ambiente es la guerra en-
tire dos filoSoffas.
Ahora bien, tan pronto como
fue inventada o pregonada la
palabra "herenciG'', Sc lie ha to-
mado como contrasena Y repe-
tida en- todas las variaciones
chismograficas y concentrates
garrulosos; aplicada a este,
aquello y 10 de mas ALA, casos
en- los cuales no es APPLICABLE, y
por 1ltimo, repetida incansable
mente por hombres que nj 81
quiera sabfan 10 que querian de-
cir, mucho antes de que ell hon.
bre mas sabio hubiera aprendl-
do 10 que hoy sabe. Ell monte
Mendel 10 ha explicado mas per-
fectamente de como Darwin y
todos los cientificos Materials
tas 10 hicieron, Y a1n despues
de TODD ESQ todavia permanece
como un sujeto muy oscuro y
muy sutil, como 10 admitiran Ell
lugar los sabios.
En- los grandes dias cuando la
Ciencia era tambien la Moda +;
cuando ell mundo respectable no
solo a Darwin sino a los Darwi-
nistas tambien; cuando algo lla-
mado "especimen" o "secci6n'
Sc aprobaba sin discussion Y to-
dos los partidarios del materia-
.lismo eran tan sagrados como 81
interior de una Embajada EN-
esos dias de una idea y una ten
dencia naci6 la estupenda moda
de hablar de La Herencia. Sc lie
aceptaba sin ambajes 10 mismo
que en- cientos de hogares pro-
yinciales Sc tenia a la "bebida"
como hereditaria. ST lutheran
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
NOTAS De BOXEO

Los periodistas estan de ma
las como empresarios.
Montoto no podra ofrecer
va la pelea Siso-Lizalde bajo
su direction. Damon Runyon
ha retirado ell Fondo de Leche
de la pelea Schmeling-Stri-
bling.
Ahora bien, Runyon no Sc
queja de su suerte Y Montoto
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
(Viene de Ia 1Gl

de gracla y hermosura, inter-
pretaran escogidos n1meros de
varieties" en- medic del am
plio salon de bales.
Muy lucido resultara este ac-
to ,sobre ell cual lanzara sus
multicolores rayos de luz un po-
tente reflector. Para cubrir los
bailables Sc han contratado tres
renombradas orquestas.
r. S.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
MANDELL VENCIO A ES-
TRADA

Daytona Beach, Abril 1.--El
mejicano Jose Estrada, de pc
50 weller, fue derrotado aver
aqul por sa1fmy Mandell, ex,
campe6n mua dial de peso lige-
70.
La pelea be a diez rounds.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

Como Sc ha hecho circular
por ahf ell .rumor de que noso-
tros estabamos interesados CO.
mo empresarios en- ell match
Siso-Lizalde, debemos asegus
rar que no hemos tenido parti-
cipaci6n, nj directa nj indirec-
ia, en- la organization de esa
pelea.
Cuando aquf nos decidamos
a ingresar en- ell gremio de los
empresarios, 10 haremos saber
con absolute claridad.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01

dice que lie han "hecho un n1-
nero ocho."
AIQuisiera decirnos Alfredo
al en- lie hizo ell "ocho" a que
Ell refiere?
II verdad debe saberse.
La gaceta., 1931-04-01
GOODWIN DERROTO A CAN
CELIA
West Palm Beach, Abril /.

west AIM DedCH, AUIII l.
Tony Cancella, de Tampa,
perdio aver la decision de los
jueces en- una pelea con Bob
Goodwin, de Daytona.
En- dos anteriores encuen-
tros, no efectuados aquf, Can
celia habia derrotado a Tony.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-17

past has been the lack of organiza- ton. He praised the work that had been done iE the county by Judge Gormley ard stated that he had raved the way for democratic suc- cess. He added that he hoped Judge Gormiey wocld be the candidate egain in 1882. Cooperation and CO., ordination he said are two of the things needed in any organization. He felt certain that the new organi- "a ation would be militant one. Others who spoke were Mayor Jos- eph Dutton of Bristol, Patrick Whal- eii, registrar of voters of Torring- ton, Judge Cole of Riverton, Will liam Driscoll of Torrington, former state central committeeman, Will ham Brennan of Winsted. member O. the state central committee, John fieffernan and Peter Cavanaugh of Iorrington, Judge Richard Cook of Torrington, Alfred Wright of Co., shen, Edward McCue of Salisbury. Charles Harrington of Kent, Martin Eonahue of Litchfe1d, James Ker- win of Litchfield, Frank Bianacorio of Torrington, William Kirby, chair man of the town committee of Der by, President William Dyer, Repre-
 sentatives Francis Hogan and An thony Telesca of Torrington and
 State Labor Commissioner Joseph one of New Haven.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-17

l kinds of seed and amounts. Some of them had too much timothy for a good lawn mixture and some did not contain the seed called for the label The purity tests were high
 This class of seed was much more variable than the unmixed lots" E. H. Stoddard of the botany department says in his report of the work. Perhaps the fact that they were mixtures accounted in part for the variability. but 1t frequently ap- peared from the names of seeds found on the label than the dealers were not entirely familiar with the Identification or nomenclature of grass seed"
 Mir Stoddard calls attention to the fact that in several cases noxious weeds were found in large numbers when there was no statement as to their presence on the label
 Tt is possible under the laws of chance to miss them in a certain number of samples from a given bulb, but when found at the rate of 120 seeds or more per ounce it would seem that a careless analysis had been made or just that there was neglect in not putting the facts on the label"
 Alfalfa seed tested high as to purity and fairly well as to germina- tion, but white clover made a poor
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-17
Especial to The Dcmocrat)

Torrinston, March 17-Litchfield county democrats perfected the for nation of Litchfield county Dem- ccratic club last night at a big gath ering of pi eminent members of the Democratic party from all sections of the county held in Conley Inn. A banquet preceded the business ses- sion at which officers for the new organization were named.
 William Dyer of Norfolk, who was a candidate for state senator from the 31st district at the fall election wss made chairman of the new organization. Charles Harring- ton of Ken was named vice presi- aent and Representative Francis Hogan of Torrington was named se- scretary and treasurer.
 The new organization has been formed primarily to foster the inter- csts of the party in the county and to seek recognition from the party Plans for the organization were previously discussed at a large gath ering of democrats of the county held in Tcrrington on Monday night, March 9.
 Litchf1elC county democrats were peeved at the treatment they re- ceived in the naming of certain can- didates and the organization is real sly an outgrowth of the feeling that
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-03-17
FORM DEMOCRATIC CLUB

They had worked. he said. untiring- tv for the success of the whole tick eft from Gov Cross all down the line. Tn organizing the LItch6eld county democrats. he said. the coun- ty was setting an example that other counties might we'll copy.
 The organization is bound to bear fruit in the future and Judge Gorm- ley expressed the opinion that it was up to us in other counties to take similar action. There has never been a time in the history of Litch- field county, he added. that the members of the party did not do everything for success. Even in face Q, defeat they have come back the next time to work harder than ever. The entire party nf the state owed q debt of gratitude to the democrats of Litchfieid county, Judge Gormley stated. in closing. Capt Cleveland Fussenich of New Milford in speak ing of the new organization said that his only regret was that it was not formed 25 years ago. One of the greatest shadows that has come across our path. he added, in the