Evening star., 1931-12-20

And these photographs Of him, con-
trasted ,Uith the crude grimaces of apes,
shoto the extent OF mans great facial
development.
IN two directions, it appears. Not only has
the structure OF the muscles undergone change
as man developed from his original primitive
state, but these muscles have developed diff
ferently in different animals rs regards func-
ton and have reached a high degree Of
specialization.
N spite Of this differentiation and high degree
Of specialization none Of the other NAM
mails, not even the great apes which come SO
close to man in the evolutionary scale has
the muscles Of the face proper 50 highly Diff
ferentated and functionally perfected As man.
Mans facial expression depends on nervous
and emotional factors as we'll as on muscle
structure. The spontaneous facial expressions
seen In man with their manifold delicate
shadings result from varied emotional reac-
tions, DR.. Huber pointed out.
He concluded that the elaboration of facial
expression during the evolution of man closely
followed the evolution Of emotional life This
in turn depended upon the elaboration Of the
brain centers concerned with associations Of
ideas and perceptions.
we may ASCuIue, SAl0 k1UOer, L0at
evolving man consciously used and developed
certain facial expressions in order to make
himself understood to his fellow creatures In
. fuller way.
THE acquisition and gradual perfection of
an articulated language must have played an
essential role in the further evolution of the
human facial musculature, especially of the
muscles about the mouth
This explains sufficiently why this muscle
group IS considerably further differentiated in
man than in the great anthropoid apes" -
There is practically no facial expression in
the newborn baby. Expression evolves very
gradually
"As the young infants conscious and intel
hgent reactions to the surrounding world In
crease facial expression becomes more mani
fold and more definite" he says There is
remarkable progress during the first year. and
the second and third years bring further
elaboration.
uCACIAL expression resulting from emotions
remains unmasked through childhood.
With increasing experience and under the IN
huence Of education, the maturing individual
learns to control spontaneous facial expression,
and thus succeeds to varied degrees in con-
ceallng emotions. AS result of this, reading
the faces of adults becomes difficult"
1t Is this educational process, carried out
most rigidly, that makes the face of Chinese
difficult to read. Actually DR.. Huber found
from his studies, the Chinese face is not en-
tirely without emotional expression, but this
Is 50 slight that it is unnoticed.
As matter of fact, the musculature of the
Chinese face is structuray somewhat differ
ent, also, which probably increases the Occi-
dental's difficulty in reading expression on an
Oriental face. DR.. Huber found that the struc-
ture Of facial muscles differs markedly from
race to race. He refers to the differences in
the facial muscles of Australians, Hawaiians,
Chinese and japanese, Negroes, Whites, Ameri-
can Indians and Papua- -Malanesians. In each
race, he points out there are characteristic
types of facial muscles
THE importance Of the nervous control Of
facial muscles, as wen as of their struc-
ture, becomes apparent from DR.. Huber's IN
vestigations, and much light IS thrcpn on the
Art Of acting and pantomime. The ~dinary
man can shape his lips into . sznile, bat II
he dos not feel Mke anllills, the fesallt , tns
foscsd s1psssaidn - ee>srs 6een. s sl1.ru 20
Tson his study tsa come lessons for those
voe would Me ~ Anssove Or beastasy thsE
saolAl apcsss3oas. 49,. =