davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
GOV. ROOSEVELTS PRAISE
OF SAFETY LAW HELPFUL
A. A. A. Officials Hold 1t Will Have a
Far-Reaching Effect on Converting
Legislatures.

ment, Owen B. AugSpurger. chairman Of
the A. A. A. Safety Responsibility Com
mittee, who presided at the function,
declared today that the views of the
New York executive were shared by
officials of other States, where impor-
tant features of the safety responsibility
law are in effect.
More than usual significance" he
said, attaches to Gov. RooSevelt'S opti-
mism for the reason that the New York
safety responsibility law was closely
patterned on the A. A. A. model bill,
and embodied all Of the latter'S major
provisions for the elimination from the
highway of the reckless and financially
irresponsible driver.
Reaches Reckless Minority.
1.-THE experience Of New York has al
ready proven several Of the major con-
tentions of the advocates of the legisla-
ton. It was intended to reach the reck-
less minority. Out of New York'S motor
vehicle registration of 1922, 658 in 1880
only 10000, or l per cent, of the car
owners came under the provisions Of the
law.
This contrasts sharply with the ex-
perience Of New Jersey, where Z per
cent of the car owners came under the
law, the reason. Of course, being that
in the latter State the law becomes
operative for violation not only Of major
offenses, but also for violation Of a large
number Of petty infringements Of traffic
regulations. In this respect the New
Jersey law departed entirely from the
principle of the A. A. A. bill.
The accident record of New York for
the year 1880 also affords encourage
ment. since there were $4,000 fewer &C
cidentS than there were in 1929. While
other factors may well have entered into
this record, there is no doubt at eli that
It reflected the salutary influence Of
the safety responsibility law"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22

of the road act up-to-d date to
conform with the uniform code;
Maryland to recodify it's motor
vehicle laws and, for the matters
covered therein, to adopt the pro-
visions of the Uniform Vehicle
Code, including authorization of
calling in all operators licenses
not oftener than once in three
years in the discretion of the
Motor Vehicle Department;
The local authorities of all three
Jurisdictions to put into effect the
Model Municipal Traffic Ordinance
and the standardized street traffic
signs, signals and markings.
1t is further recommended to
the member declarations and their
constituent bodies that they take
action to further the accomplish
ments of the above purposes.
Much needed good can be &C
complished by this body, and its
success 10 sincerely wished.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
AXLE OF 1881 AUTOMOBILE
is A DEFINITE IMPROVEMENT
Important Structure of Today's Car
Vastly Different Than Makeup of
the One-Horse Shay.

especially treated steel and Is the AXIS
on which the wheel revolves.
Most rear axles are made IN two Sec
lions, with q differential between the
inner ends. Consequently, the axle
parts need to be supported in strong
housing with ample spacing. 30 a. TO
keep all Of the parts in line and func-
tioning. The axle Is in the housing
which provides q metal covering. The
differential gear Is in a smaller nous
ing which in turn is in the axle hous-
ing. At the rear wheels the housing
Is enlarged to accommodate the ball
bearings which run between the axle
and the inner side Of the housing.
1t is especially essential that the axles
should be in line and intact. An axle
that has shifted farther ahead than
its correspondent on the other side.
throws the front axle on its side out
difficult and increases the wear upon
the tire that is being drawn sideways.
Cause Of vibrations.
Axles that are out Of line are prone
to be the cause Of excessive vibrations.
Most particularly Is this localized In
the steering. In some instances wabbly
wheels also result from bent or twisted
axleS.
If these difficulties are present in part
or whole, experienced attention should
be secured. If the front and rear axle
are out of line the spring clips have 10
be looSened and the axle moved slightly
into the correct position. II the axle
is bent it must be Strengthened with
press.
Ordinarily the only attention that will
be required of the driver Of q car u 10
see that the axle parts are properly
fabricated. Although very. important,
this attntion is not necessary very often.
The methods of fabrication vary with
the make of the car, but essentially the
procedure Is the same. It Is necessary
to keep q sufficient supply of Q good
heavy oil in the axle housing. This Is
generally performed by means of an oil
gun. Grease cups provide the means for
the fabrication of the axle Shaft roller
bearings which should be kept full Of
cup grease.
Many motorists hardly realize that
automobiles have such things as axles.
This is because axles seldom give car
owners any trouble.
Mr.. Brokaw will be glad 10 answer
any questions which reader Of these
articles may have.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22

The statement Of Gov. Franklin d.
Roosevelt of New York to the effect
that the safety responsibility law OF
the Empire State Is proving success
is expected by officials Of the American
Automobile Association to have far
reaching influence on more than a
dozen State Legislatures that are now
considering the enactment Of similar
legislation.
Obtaining Practical Results.
"The law is not only working out well,
but it is getting very definite and prac-
teal results" Gov. Roosevelt said.
The Governor expressed his view in
course of an address he delivered this
month at q luncheon in New York City,
in connection with the bestowal Of an
award by the New York Automobile
Club to citizen who had helped TO
secure the arrest and conviction Of q
"hit-and-run" driver.
After stressing the Importance OF
safety education in the schools, the
school boy patrol, and relentless prose-
cution Of the hit-andrun driver, Gov.
Roosevelt took up the question Of safety
responsibility law and said:
Much Importance attaches to the
campaign going on all over the United
States today for what Is called safety
responsibility legislation.
New York Pioneer.
1.-THE State of New York was, I think,
the pioneer in adopting this legislation. ]
am told by Commissioner Hartnett Of
the Motor Vehicle Bureau of the State
Of New York that the law Is not only
working out well, but that 1t is getting
very definite practical results; in other
words, that 1t is carrying out the gen.
eral thought of those who sponsor 1t,
that we would eventually eliminate the
Judgment proof owner or operator from
our roads"
Commenting on Gov. Roosevelt's state
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
Steering Knuckle.
773 OUT OF 874 STOLEN
CARS RECOVERED IN 1880
One Virginia officer Receivers 90
Autos Taken from Owners
Within Year.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
RICHMOND, Va, February 21.-Most
virginians flnow that the Division Of Mo-
tor Vehicles collects more than one
third of all revenue which the State
receives, as shown in 1880, when this
division turned over to the State treas
urer more than $4,000, 900, while the
States total receipts from all sources
were slightly in excess of SAC, 900 900.
It Is also generally known that the
Division Of Motor Vehicles collects the
gasoline tax, distributes all automobile
license tags, passes upon gasoline tax
refunds, and issues title certificates on
all automobiles sold in Virginia, but
comparatively little publicity has been
given to the service which this division
renders to the motorists of the State
in recovering stolen automobiles.
In 1880 there were reported to the
division as stolen 874 automobiles and
during this same period the force of
traffic officers which the Division of
Motor Vehicles maintains recovered 773
cars Estimating the value of each
stolen automobile at an average of only
$500, 1t can be readily seen that the eX-
pense of maintaining rs traffic officers
at an approximate cost of $4,000 per
man has been more than paid by their
work in recovering stolen property
alone.
In this connection 1t Is interesting to
note that one ofi1cer whose only duty Is
to investigate cases of stolen automo-
biles, recovered SO stolen cars in 1890
This Is a record which it Is believed Is
not equaled by any other in the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
Milady's Motoring
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.

by explaining that in this plan the wa
ter in the engine jackets and radiator
circulates automatically instead Of with
the aid Of pump.
"You know how water at the bottom
of the kettle always rises toward the top
as 1t heats" she said, using a surpris-
ingly homely example to illustrate the
idea. "All the automobile designer did
to develop q thermo-syphon system was
to capitalize this action Of heated fluid.
, AS the engines cylinders heat up, the
water around the jackets rises and
moves toward the top Of the radiator.
Here 1t is cooled and drops through the
core to the bottom, where 1t starts rising
again"
There Is q certain amount Of thermo-
syphon action in any water cooling
| system, but on most cars 1t Is assisted
by the pump.
The foregoing session of bridge made
1t plain to most Of the women who drive
why the engine heat indicator on the
instrument board always rises when the
engine is switched of. The reading is
taken at the top of the engine where
the hottest water is found This water
gets still hotter for time when the
circulation ceases.
Put this down as the weeks safety
hint: If you are travelling in the CEN
ter lane of traffic, don't stop abruptly.
The fastest trafiic is in this lane and
in addition, the car may be running in
street car tracks. A number Of women
have found themselves going into Q bad
slide when the tracks were wet.
Having the windshield freeze usually
Is alarming enough to the average
woman to make her pretty good pros
pect for almost any connection designed
to restore visibility. She will also lend
meaning friends. Many chemicals, in
Guiding ordinary salt and alcohol, will
help clear the windshield. but may seri-
ously mar the finish of the cowl. Gen
orally speaking, it is better to utilize
devices that heat the windshield.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22

A woman driver does not have to be
whiz at bridge to make O grand slam
In trying to pull away from an Ice
covered gutter where her car was
parked, woman Of q few months ex-
brake partly set The machine got
away in good order, whereas Other
drivers were reporting all manner OF
difflculty at the same place. What hap
pened was that the hand-brakes were
not quite equaliZed, one of them hold
ing the wheel that would otherwise
have started TO spin.
Don't admit liability for an accident
even though you think you are in the
wrong. When said I was going tc
pass this thought along to woman mo-
florists, cynic observed I was wasting
my ink as the world has yet to pro-
duce q woman who thought she was In
the wrong. I countered with the story
of a woman who admitted liability and
who was refused aid from her insurers
because under the law, which she did
not clearly understand, she was not
liable.
When driving in the slush, don't wait
for a Splattering all over your new en-
semble to learn the value OF keeping
the left window up and the right one
down.
It's cold enough waiting for q service
man to come around to change o nat
tire without prolonging the agony by
overlooking any preparations you can
make for him. One thing you can do
while waiting Is to place the car where
he can do the work more conveniently
You can also unlock the spare and place
the car SO that the valve stem OF the
fiat tire Is up top.
Most women have not been driving
cars long enough to know that one oil
the most important things to remem-
Der when completing turn on Slip
perry road o" street Is TO avoid straight
ening out the wheels too suddenly.
It certainly Is q woman's age. Now
one of the accessory companies Is ad-
vertiSing q shock abSorper with beauty.
If this keeps up. We may expect to hear
of smart looking valves and modisl
pistons.
1t is said Of q certain woman who has
driven car successfully for years thai
she always gives the impression OF be-
ing uneasy at the wheel. This may OIL
may not be unfortunate. Surely the
confidence of passengers Is an asset tc
any driver, but the nervousness noted
may simply be proof of constant exer-
else of vigilance. Some people keep II
to themselves others advertise 1t
Sometimes it pays to advertise.
A woman who took the trouble tt
look over her instruction book learned
that the cooling system Of her car wal
Of the thermo-syphon type. That aft
ernoon at bridge she asked several Other
experienced woman drivers what sort
Of system this could be. One Of them
college girl, cleared UP the mystery
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
Average Gas Tax.

The average gasoline tax payment
per passenger car is about $1490 biased
on consumption 480 gallons per car
and an average tax of 1922 cents. The
larger portion of the special vehicle
tax therefore is paid by means of the
levy on gasoline. The average special
tax per private passenger car Is there
fore $2552.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
OPPOSES SPEED INCREASE
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, February 81. - The
maximum speed rate of 40 miles an
hour on Maryland highways is plenty
high enough, E. Austin Baughman,
commissioner of motor vehicles, de-
clared today.
He announced his opposition to the
bill introduced in the House of Dele
gates which would raise the present
maximum rate of 40 miles to As.
Commissioner Baughman, expressing
the opinion that higher maximum
would increase accidents, said:
I'VE are issuing licenses to an aver
age of 200 new drivers daily. 1t Is
Questionable whether they can handle
machines at such a pace.
TOO many accidents and too many
deaths now are attributable to speed.
Maryland roads are too congested for q
greater limit than ct present."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
BY H. CLIFFORD BROKAW.
Automobile Technical Adviser.

The four wheels of an automobile are
attached to ends of two axles. The
old fashioned buggy used to have axles
and it was the function Of the owner
to take the four wheels of this vehicle
of occasionally and put some grease
on these axles. Well, the wheels OF the
modern automobile have to have a
similar sort of attention. and it is q
foolish owner who neglectS this aspect
of a cars care. But the axle OF the
1881 automobile Is definite improve
ment on anything found in the make
up Of the old one-horse shay.
Front Axle Duties.
The duties Of the front axle OF an au-
tomobile are of considerable Importance.
1t is function Of this piece OF steel TO
bear the weight of about 80 per cent
Of the engine Of the car. 1t Is another
function to be able to lessen the shocks
which come from the steering appa-
ratus AS a matter Of fact, the front
axle Is sometimes required to hold up
as much as 40 per cent Of the entire
weight of the automobile.
The central position OF the axle Is
usually lower than either end. In fact,
this part Of the chassis is the lowest
part of an automobile, with the excep-
ton Of the wheels. One reason for this
~
with any obstruction which may be in
the path of the automobile. If the OBJ
struction is not too large the axle Will
probably break or crush it. In this way
the front axle becomes protecting
medius to all of the rest of the mechan-
ism of the car which is placed on a
level somewhat higher from the ground.
II the obstacle encountered Is too large
and solid to crush 1t will serve to bring
the car to a stop and in this way pro-
tect the other mechanism. II the car
Is travelling at a high speed there is
likely to be trouble and a bent or
broken axle If the car is travelling at
a slow rate Of speed no serious damage
may be done.
Steering Knuckle.
The steering knuckle Is at the end
of the axle. There is one at the end
of each axle, which fits to it so as to
facilitate the turning Of the automo-
bile. To further facilitate this turning
there is the steering arm, which is con-
nected to the steering knuckle. At each
end Of this front axle arrangement Is
the steering spindle. This is made OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
No Property Tax in 81 States.

Twenty-one States do not levy gen.
eral property taxes or make appropria-
tions for State highways, and accord
ingly there is no rail contribution in
these States for this purpose.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22

Forty-four million barrels Of cement.
value about $120,O00,000 are used an
lually for roadS-work for 10000 men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22
Chicago Equipped.

In Chicago: Yeah, she's q pip, all
right How d. yuh t'ink she'd look Wit
a machine gun mounted trough d.
windshield?"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-22

Mr.. Brokaw will be glad 10 answer
any questions which q reader Of these
articles may have.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02

VlCc.
 We want you to ride on our trains," he concluded, land we promise you safe, dependable, com- fortable transportation if you do. We want you to ship your freight over our lines, and we promise you ex- peditious and safe transportation of your shipments"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02
Tyler Deplores Unfair Competition
 Suffered By System
Tells Lions That New Haven Has Transportation Plant Which is Not Being Used Anywhere Near to Capacity-Asks Only Fair Play in Business Deal- ings

on the waterways would return to the railroads. The railroads are not in any way asking or suggest ing that motor, trucks be legislated out of existence. All we ask Is that appropriate regulation should be enforced which will permit each transportation method to find it's proper place in the transportation system as a whole".
 Y MT Tyler declared that at the present time the motor truck is not compelled like the railroads to ac- cept all the business offered, re- gardless of operating conditions or the lowness of the possible rate. "Tt can take it's pick of profitable traf- fic," he went on, land refuse the unremunerative. Its own rates and finances are not supervised by public authority, nobody knows what is the basis of it's charges"
 The speaker stated that the rail- road company was at present fur nishing transportation to Southern New England in seven different forms-steam railroad, electric rail- road, gasoline rail cars, tro1leys, busses, motor truck, and steamboats. We are ready" he said, "to give the public whatever form of trans- portation it desires and is ready to pay for, and we believe we should have an equal chance with any of ,ur competitors to furnish that ser-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02

Leslie H. Tyler, special represent ltive of the public relations depart ment of the New Haven railroad, made a strong plea for increased use of the roads transportation facili- ties in a talk this noon before the weekly meeting of the Lions club, held at the Hotel Elton.
 we have a transportation plant which is not being used anywhere near to capacity" declared MT Ty- Ter. "It is here for your use, ready to serve you with better transpor- tation than ever before, and we'd like to have you use it".
 The speaker deplored the unregu- lated competition to which the rail- road Is subjected on the highways and elsewhere, but declared his faith that this situation will be cor rected before long by appropriate legislation to put the railroads on an equal competitive basis with the newer forms of transportation.
 ''All we ask is a fair deal," he said. "If the. regulation of trans portation for hire by railroad is in the public fnterest-and experience has shown 1t is-then the public interest must also require the same regulation of all transportation for hire.
 Regulation does not imply that all or even a large part of the traf- fic now moving on the highways or
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02
AVIATION TRADE
 WORRIES FRANCE
U. S., Italy and England Make InrOads on Her
 Airplane Orders
BY STEWART BROWN

bI STEWART BROWN United Press Staff Correspondent Paris.-Urgent pressure is being placed upon Frances new new Air Minister. M. Jacques Dumesnil, to strengthen French aviation interests In South America before the Amer jeans, Italians and British capture the air riches of that continent. French airplane manufacturers started worrying when General Italo Balbo, Italian air ministe sold squadron of II seaplanes to Brazil after a spectacular flight from Italy to Brazil over the South Atlantic.
 Their worry was increased by the travels of the Prince of Wales and his brother, Prince George, on a salesman's tour of South Amer ica. Because of his great interest in aviation, Frenchmen realize the Prince of Wales will prove a super salesman for British aviation inter- ests. It is estimated Here British aviation orders in South, America will be doubled if not tripled, by the Princes visit.
 The Prince of Wales use of air. planes, wherever possible in South America, will greatly increase popu- lar interest in tourist aviation in South America, according to French observers.
 After the British princes have concluded their tour of South America. the French expect Col onel Charles A. Lindbergh to make similar trip in the inerests of American aviation. The American flyers trip was scheduled for this winter but was postponed because it might conflict with the visit of the British royalty.
 Between the Italians. Ameri- cans and British, just where do we stand" is the common question
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02
SAIL FOR NEW YORK

SAIL FOR NEW YORK
 Naples, April 2.-UP)-A dele gation of the Italian Blind Union headed by Aurelio Nicolodi, sailed to-day for New York to participate in the International Conference for the Blind.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02

now being fired at the Air Minis try by French plane manufacturers. Plans are being made to increase Frances aviation propaganda in South America, but no definite campaign of action has been de- cided upon.
 The French are proud that they were the first nation to develop commercial aviation in South Amer ica through the regular postal services of the Aeropostale. The Aero club of France and similar organizations have started an in- tensive campaign to encourage their sales propaganda in South America.
 There is agitation for vice. president of the French republic who would act as sort of travel ing salesman to foreign markets, like the Prince of Wales does for England.
 International competitor for foreign aviation markets has been growing each year. Only last year France, formerly the exclusive furnisher of aviation material to the Belgian war department, lost an important contract to the British.
 These factors have given rise to much comment in aviation circles As the result of British, American and Italianstrade pressure on South America, 1t Is believed France will take immediate steps to bol- ster her aviation interests here.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-02
Russia Has Bought The Most Goods
 of United States

Washington, April 2-(UP)-- Soviet Russia was the only country in the world whose purchases from the United States increased during the first two months of this year as compared with the corresponding period last year. the department of commerce revealed toe v. The to- tai of United States exports to Rus sia was $36,383,010 in January and February this year as compared with $31,656,632 for the corresponding two months last year. Russia's ex- ports to the United States dropped, however, from $3,509,396 to $1,- 372195.