Evening star., 1931-12-28

cities by the Institute of Juvenile Re
search reported before the American
Sociological Society. The study was
based on court cases reported from Chi
cago, Philadelphia, Richmond, Biz
mingham, Cleveland, Denver and
Seattle.
City's Population Analysed.
In each case the highest delinquency
rates were found in those areas imme-
diately adjacent to the central business
district and the major industrial de-
velopments, while the lowest rates were
found in the outlying residential areas.
An analysis of the population of
Cleveland was presented by Howard w,
Green Of the Cleveland Health Council,
showing the tendency of various race
groups to constitute individual COM
munities within the larger city. Each
unit of this kind, it was pointed out,
presents its own individual problem to
the social workers
The population pattern in relation to
retail buying, the location Of depart
ment stores and of neighborhood stores,
was discussed by IneS K. Rolph of the
United States Department Of Com
merce on the basis of the census of
retail distribution.
Sociologists Split.
This afternoon the sociologists broke
up into eight group meetings. The role
of religious institutions in the COM
munity was discussed before the section
on the sociology Of religion by Prof,
William F. Ogburn of the University
of Chicago and Arthur L. Swift of the
Union Theological Seminary. Religion"
Prof. Swift said, plays the dual role
of trying to bring about a more equlta-
BILE social order and at the same time
to preserve the status quo in economic
life.
The construction of scale by which
to measure the progress OF Protestant
churches was described before the sec
ton on social statistics by Ross w.
Sanderson of the Institute of Social
and Religious Research. A study OF
the actual behavior of persons under
various employment conditions was re-
ported by Alice M. LOOMS of the In
stitute of Human Relations of Yale
University. The Yale observers are
recording the amount Of time the work
er labors silently, the time spent in talk
ing to others, the time spent in talking,
singing or whistling to himself.
Round Table Groups Meet.
Relations between cultural anthropol-
ogy and pSychiatry were discussed by
DR.. Edward Sapir of Yale University.
He said the cause of mental break
downs never can be completely under
stood without an understanding of the
clash of the ideals of the individual
with his environment.
The American Economic Association
met in three round-table groups. One
on private enterprise in economic his
tory" was addressed by DR.. N. S. B.
GraS of Harvard University, William
Jeffee of Northwestern University l. F.
Lippincott of Washington University,
Carter Goodrich of Columbia Univer-
sity and Thomas P. Martin of the Lii
brary of Congress.
Prof. Irving Fisher of Yale was
chairman of another round table on
quantitative economics with discussions
by Mordecai Ezekiel Of the Federal
Farm Board and J.. H. Rogers Of Yale
University.
The American Statistical Association
met in five sections dealing with the
depression and the gold standard, Grim
inal statistics, public health, future
population and business planning and
social statistics.
Political Scientists Meet.
The morning session of the Political
Science Association, held at the Brook
ingS Institution and the Mayfiower
Hotel, included six divisional meetings.
section devoted to discussion OF
economic planning as State activity
heard Prof George s. Counts of Co.
lumbia University outline the structural
aspects of the Soviet effort to bring
economic forces under rational control.
The extraordinary compleXity of the
economic structure as eXemplifed by
the f1ve-year plan was stressed by Prof.
Counts, who pointed out it does not
function under the guidance of dozen
vel-chaired economic Conjurers as
some Americans imagine, but is organ
ized to reach every subdivision OF the
Soviet governmental organization.
Outlines Soviet Organization.
The central unit is the All-Union
Planning Commission, with offices In
Moscow. Prof Counts said. In each OF
the seven constituent Russian republics
there are separate planning commits
sons. Individual commissions exist also
in each of the 80 so-called autonomous
areas, and the division is carried down
to committees functioning in the oblasts
into which each area is divided, and
even to the small politico-economic
units.
In addition to this immense and COM
pleX system, there exists vertical or
ganization, providing special commits
sions for every important department
of government industry or culture, the