Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-24

somewhat on this, but It Is generally
agreed that the institutions conducted
in Europe by various religious orders
were perhaps the forerunners of the
present-day hospitals. It should be re-
membered, however, that there were
certain places set aside for the treat
ment of the sick In early Greece. These
were more on the order of clinics rather
than hospitals in the modern sense Of
tie word. The first hospital in the
United States was established few
years after the settlement of New York
was made. about 1910.
@. How many circuit courts Of appeal
are there? District courts?-E. c.
A. There are 8 circuit courts of
appeal in the United States and SO
district courts.
O. What were "skinners" during the
Revolutionary Ward. d.
A. SINNERS were a predatory band,
processing allegiance to the American
cause and roaming over neutral ground.
@. Why are inhabitants of the Meth
erlands called Low Germans"?-L. K.
A The inhabitants of the Neither
lands are chiefly OF the Low German
race, which is composed of three
branches-Frankish, Saxon and Fries
IAN The term low" is applied to this
section Of the world because it occupies
the low region near the North Sea.
Q. Is the President of the United
States Commander in Chief in time Of
peace?-B. F. E.
A. The President Of the United
States is the Commander in Chief of
the United States Army and Navy at
all times.
Q. When was Latin first written?-
e. B
A. 1t was reduced to writing about
the sixth century NC. by the use of
an alphabet derived from the Greek
alphabet of the town of Cumae, in
Southern Italy. Latin became a liter
airy language during the third and sec
ond centuries BIC.
@. Why can one hear better when
the hands are cupped around the ears?
r. B.
A. 1t is because the hands thus
placed cage the sound waves and con-
centrate them.
@. Why did advertisements in Mary
land newspapers in early days some
times offer only 612 cents for the re-
turn of a slave or / cent for the return
of lost property?-L. D. S.
A. The acting librarian of the Mary
land Historical society says Glab adYer-
tisements such as those in the old
Maryland newspapers were published
solely to establish legal claim OF
ownership.
@. Has the Panama Canal paid for
itself?-G. I. M.
A. The commercial plant cost $275,-
900 900; amount spent for national de-
tense is $113,000,000 making total
cost Of 1888. 600, 600. The excess Of TO-
tai earnings over total operating ex-
penses has been $l19,000,000, leaving
s269, 100000 yet to be earned.
@. How much does a roast Of meat
shrink while cooking?-C. S.
A. The Bureau of Home Economics
says that it depends upon the oven
temperature-that is. when meat Is
roasted from start to finish in q very
hot oven the shrinkage is greater than
when the meat is first scared at a high
temperature and then finished slowly
with the temperature rapidly reduced.
For example, If, after beef ribs have
been scared in a hot oven, the tenn
perature is rapidly reduced SO as to
finish the cooking very slowly, the
shrinkage of the meat when rare Is
only about one-eighth of the fresh
weight, whereas If the roasting goes on
to the end in a hot oven the shinkage
is about one-fourth of the fresh weight