davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
Scientists Device
Turns Dry Earth
Into Water Pump
Cornell Professor Puts
Natural Forces to Work
to Overcome Gravity.
BY the Associated press.

BY the Associated Press
ITHACA, n. Y, August 27.-The dry
earth serves as a pump to draw water
upward to plant roots in new water
irg apparatus at Cornell University.
This pumping force comes from the
s.pressure gradient" IN the water films
covering soil particles. The water IN
tne "ary" soil has lower pressure than
N wet, and IL Is this pressure differ
ence which determines capillary flow.
Putting this natural force to work
usefully to overcome gravity has been
solved by Dr. l. A. Richards In the
physics laboratory. His watering de-
vices are by-products Of q ecientttAc
study Of now Of water in soil. He finds
that in some respects this now Is
analogous to that OF heat and cleo
tricity through metals. II Is q combi-
nation Of gravity gradient and pressure
gradient that is. the downward pull Of
gravity modified BY pressure IN the IN
terror Of the soil.
In dry. porous substances, DR.. Rich
ards observed that the pressure was
less than in the atmosphere and that
this pressure decreased as the pores
became drier Thus his porous medium
was q partial vacuum. the sort or
ple which philosophers say nature
abb and attempts 70 an
IN the laboratory here this appe-
gatus % small scale gives box plants
consent supply q naoistnEe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
GERMAN WAR ACE
DUE AT CLEVELAND
Udet to Fly From New York
Today to Reioin Group
of Noted Pilots.
nx th. AssneIated pre.s

BY the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, Ohio, August 26.-
Mai, Ernst Udet, German war ace,
was scheduled to land at Municipal
Airport here today, completing the con-
tingent Of five foreign airmen to come
here for the national air races starting
Saturday.
Maj. Udet will ny from New York,
where he went yesterday from WASH
ington and q reception by President
Hoover.
Four Others Arrive.
The four other flyers, arriving here
by train from Warren, where they were
forced down by q storm, are Flight
Lieut.. r. L. r. Atcherley Of the British
Royal Air Force, Lieut.. Col. Mario de
Bernardo of Italy, Capt. Boleslaw
Orlinski of Poland and Maj. Alois
Kubita Of Czechoslovakia.
The flyers were treated to q thrill
when Pilot John w. Gable, flying their
Department OF Commerce tri-motor
plane, landed in q hay field near War
rem after a fruftless search through
the rain and storm for the airport.
visitors Not to Compete.
Two other planes carrying Lieut.. Al
ford j. Williams, Mrs. williams and
L. w. Greve, president of the National
Air Races, Inc, landed with them.
Lieut.. Williams remained over night
at Warren.
The pilots viii fiy at the air races,
but viii not enter competition.
DELAYED by WEATHER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
SAYS TARIFF REDUCED
EGG SALES TO CANADA

Shipment Of eggs to Canada has
been greatly curtailed by the Hawley-
Smoot tariff act, 1t was charged yes
ferday by Representative Cannon.
Democrat, Of Missouri.
In statement issued through the
Democratic National Committee. Can
non said that during the first four
months of 1890, when Canada had a
reasonable tariff Of 3 cents against
total Of 2.72e, 500 dozen eggs"
After enactment of the Hawley-
Smoot tariff, he added, Canada. in
retaliation, increased the duty on
American eggs to 10 cents a dozen.
During the firSt four months Of this
year our egg shipments to Canada
totaled only 1895 dozen and there is
evidence that these were almost Alto
gether for Matching purposes"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
ROAD FARLEY PLANNED
Utilities Commission to Study
Change with Transit Line.

Plans for conference soon between
the Public Utilities Commission and
officials of the Washington, Baltimore
g. Annapolis Railway and the Wash
ington Railway g. Electric Co. for dis
cussion Of forthcoming changes In
Benning road we're announced today.
The parley viii be held within the next
fortnight, but no definite date has been
fixed.
The Improvement contemplated will
include widening of Benning road from
Fifteenth and H streets northeast TO
Kingman's Lake. The Washington, Bal
timore a. Annapolis Station at Fifteenth
and H streets win be eliminated. The
Washington Railway 81 Electric Co.
probably win be required to relocate its
tracks so as to run in the middle Of the
new road.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
Aluminium Covers the Oil.

The life Of an exposed piece Of wood
IS greatly extended by the use OF pre-
servatives, but 1t has been found DIM
cult TO find paint that would cover
the wood thus treated. Telephone poles.
guard rails and the like are preferably
painted white TO make them conspicu-
Gus; but the paints heretofore used
soon become discolored through the
action Of the contained preservatiyes.
A two-year test with four different
kinds Of special paints-namely. white
cellulose-base paint. green lead-base
paint. a green zinc-base paint and an
aluminium paint-was recently con-
cluded, and this revealed that the
aluminium paint retained its bright sil-
yer finish To the end, while the three
others already showed some discolorA-
ton within from so to 30 days. The
paint was composed of heas-treated
iinseed OIL, China wood oil and alum
mum powder.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
DERBY FLYERS IN nsHAPs.
Three Women Delayed; Leaders on
Way to Oklahoma Towns.

Three Women Delayed; Leaders on
Way to Oklahoma Towns.
AMARILLO, Texas, August II R.--
Led by Gladys oDonnell Of Long
Beach, Calf, the entrants in the Santa
Monica Cleveland air derby took on
here this morning for Enid, Okla.
Mrs oDonneli left at s:04 am. The
other planes got away at one-minue
intervals, after o luncheon stop at Enid
the flyers viii continue to Bartlesville
Okla, night control point
On flight from Ell Paso. Tex, to
Amarillo. three planes. all piloted by
women, made landings at unspecifled
points yesterday All-however, even
fually reached this city. Three planes
blew out tires in landing here. Fifty
two ships remained definitely IN the
race.
Ruth Stewart Of st. Louis made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
DELAYED BY WEATHER
Group Of Foreign Flyers Finally Reach
Cleveland In Buses.

After receiving the ofacial welcome
here early in the day, group of Eu-
ropes most famous flyers experienced
the yagaries Of American weather late
yesterday and were forced down In q
Commerce Department plane at War
rem, Ohio, en- route to the national air
races at Cleveland.
Unable to Continue.
According to word received at the
Commerce Department, the big plane
and an escort flown by Lieut.. Afford J.
Williams, r.. former Navy racing star,
were blocked on from Cleveland by fog
and low clouds. After circling In vain
effort to ind q clearing big enough 70
enable them TO get into the Cleveland
airport scene Of the races which begin
Saturday, they returned to Warren and
landed.
Loaded aboard buses, the flyers were
taken into Cleveland to make a belated
appearance st q dinner in their honor.
Four members of the foreign group
were in the party. They were Flight
Comdr. Richard L. r. Atcherly, Great
Britain; Maj. Aiois Kubita. Czechoslo-
italy. and Capt. Boleslaw Orlinski. Po-
land.
Returns 20 New York.
The NTH member, Capt. Ernst Udet
Germany, returned to New York, from
where he viii hy his special plane to
the races Udet, one OF the most
famous Of Germany's war aces, with q
total Of 81 battle victories to his credit
was second In command TO Capt. Man
fred Won RichthOfen, taking command
Of his famous flying circus when
Richthofen's amazing, career was cut
short by allied machine guns.
Condr. Atcherly, IL was learned here
yesterday. came all the way from
Transjordania to represent Great Brit
ain ut the Cleveland classic. He took
four days to Hy from his far-away
military post to England before leaving
for this country. He Is to fly In q hig
demonstration in Montreal after the
Cleveland races before returning to his
post.
The i've flyers, members of their
party. and representatives Of their re-
spective embassies and legations In
Washington were guests Of the Aero
Club OF Washington, chapter Of the
National Aefonautic Association, at a
luncheon IN the willard Hotel yester-
day afternoon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
Channel in Nasty
Mood, Crossed by
Austrian on Skis
d the Associated Press.

BY the ASScctated Press.
DOVER, August 27.-Kari
Naumestnik, an Austrian, walked
across the English Channel from
Cap Girls Nez, France, today on
q pair Of water skis.
Conveyed by q fishing boat, he
scudded across one Of the nastiest
bits Of water in the world, COM
ing ashore Mt Shakespeare Beach
here at 4:30 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
This Cemetery Prosperous.

Lambeth Cemtery, wimbledon, Eng
land, is more prosperous this season
than it has been In IS years. There Is
a bumper hay crop. 1t has been Gus
tomary for many years 70 sell the hay
raised ON the cemeterys IS acres and
utilize the proceeds In the upkeep OF the
grounds. The crop just cut Is one-third
greater than that Of 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-27
Burglars Get Gold Guns.

CHICAGO, August 81 dp.-Burglars
with expensive tastes broke into Loop
gunshop and stole three gold-inlaid
shotguns valued at 81 500 and owned by
Joseph Letter, millionaire sportsman.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23

year. He asserted that if a police
man were cut off the payroll half
the people there would join in a
protest.
Mrs. Martin Burgess, widow Of
the late r. H. Thistlewaite, said her
late husband told her, while employ
ed in the state department of ag-
riculture and labor, that he was
ashamed to draw his pay, that he
could do alone the work three r1cn
were being paid to do.
On another occasion, she said, a
capitol employee was away for a year
and the work went on just the same.
She objected to that manner of do
ing public business.
Favors Detailed Study
Fleck said only one suggestion,
that for q more detailed study, had
been advanced by the group and
Webb said the Association Of Com
merce committee would welcome the
assistance Of men with wide ex-
perience in making it.
Mayor Lenhart and Commissioner
H. T. Perry inquired if the tax pro-
testants intended to confine their
activities to the city government
alone.
The answer was a chorus of "No"
from all parts of the commission
chamber.
George D. Mann suggested that
Mayor Lenhart appoint some of the
city's heaviest taxpayers to cooper
ate with the existing committee in
recommending adjustment. If the
city government takes the lead, he
said other branches Of government
will fall in line. He emphasized that
they, also, would come under the
scrutiny of the committee.
After some discussion as to who
should appoint the additional COM
mitteemen, Lenhart announced the
appointment of Little, Hughes and
Duemeland and the budget hearing
was recessed until Aug. 3.
The new committee is expected
to make it's study in the meantime
and recommend changes at that
time.
This meeting also will be open to
the public.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
To Announce Winner
In Garden Contest

Announcement of the winner of
the county garden contest conducted
by Homemakers' clubs as well as
winners of the inter-club contests
will be made Friday when club men,
bers and their friends gather at Men
oxen Grove for the Achievement Gay
program.
More than 1000 persons are ex-
pected to attend, according to H. O.
Putnam, county agent.
The program will commence at 10
a. m. The afternoon festivities will
start at 1870 after a picnic lunch Is
served during the noon hour.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
HEBRON Woman dies
OF BURNS RECEIVED
WHEN FLUID ICMTES
Anne EngeIter, So, Victim Of
Accident as She Removed
Spots From Dress

hdan0Any n. D., July 23.-P- Anne
Engelter. =, was burned to death in
her hons - Hebron Thursday. when
9 cleaning fluid she was using b re-
move spots from a dress ignited.
The N6man's husband, William
Engelter. manager Of the Mandan
MercanttIe company's branch yard at
Hehron, and her 14-year-old son.
wiIliA16s Jr., answered her screams.
but 1lIe died a few minutes after the
flaM6D enveloped her.
She had prepared breakfast and
went ~ the bathroom where she used
the Oh for the removal of spots on a
dress. When the oil ignited, she ap-
parently became startled and fell in
to the bathtub, spilling the two quart
jar on her blazing clothes.
Her husband used q fire extin-
guisher and blanket to e%xtinguish the
flames.
J. K. Kennedy, Mandan, coroner
Of Morton county, was at Hebron on
business at the time, and investigated
tho death. He said death was acct
dental, and no inquest would be held
Mrs. Engelter was born at Degraff,
Mimi, March /, 1879, coming to Man
dan as an infant with her parents
MI. and Mrs. Mike Keough, early
settlers here. The parents r now
dead.
The woman "a q graduate Of VAL
ley City normal school, and laugh!
school at Hebron and New Salem. She
married Engelter in August, 1904.
Surviving are her husband, son, and
two sisters. Tentative plans are fol
holding funeral services at Hebron
Sunday, with burial in the family plo,
at Mandan. She was prominent in
Catholic church work In Morton
county.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
Little, Duemeland
And Hughes Named
By Bismarck Mayor
Continued from page one)

Continued from page one)
suggested that the waterworks bonds
be extended so that future genera
tions would pay a part of the cost
but Mayor A. P. Lenhart said it
would be bad business to pay so
much in interest.
The net revenue of the water
works department, after paying bond
interest and operating expenses, was
fixed at $4,000 for the IL months
ending May 81.
Henry Richholt suggested that
where special assessment delin-
quencies occur the cost be charged
against other property in the dis
trict. He cited the Front avenue
paving to prove that some persons
would be unable to pay the assess
ments and the property would re-
vert to the city, thereby going off
the tax lists.
Col. Little said he had presented"
the city 30 lots in the east end be-
III the cost of paving was more
than they were worth.
Atkinson said delinquencies be-
came general obligations of the city
and, that the proposed method OF
handling them would be unconsti-
tutional.
Is 81 Per Capita
From data supplied by Atkinson,
Col. Little totaled the city payroll
at $4,000 and the figure was not
disputed. He pointed out that this
is more than 81 a year for each per-
} Sol in the city and "too much.
Considerable saving could be made
there, he said.
In the light of it's heavy expendi-
lures and existing business condi-
tions, Little said, the city seems to
be headed toward the same shape
in which it found itself between
1890 and 1900, when it repudiated
some of it's obligations.
Heavy tax delinquencies, appar-
ent now, will increase, he said, be-
cause the people haven't got the
money to pay. Each businessman
is figuring or how to cut expenses,
he said, and government should do
the same. He asserted that the city
government is no worse than other
political divisions in this respect
and that the school board probab-
ly is the worst of the lot"
"You can't collect money as taxes
if the people haven't got it," Little
said.
General Cut Urged
J. P. Jackson said a general
cut" is in order and that some things
should be cut sharply, while Alfred
Zuger asserted that cuts must be
made "all along the line." He said
government will have to carry on
at less cost as private citizens are
doing.
M. B. Gilman inquired if the bud
get is based on past experience and
was told it was. He pointed out that
income probably will be reduced and
that recent experience was based on
conditions different from those which
now exist.
j. A. Fleck said the budget should
be "taken apart" and examined item
by item to see where cuts can be
made and that it would be impos-
sible to do it at a general meeting.
He said a committee might be ap-
pointed to "get down to brass lacks"
and examine the budget closely.
Webb said his committee had
lacked time to get deeply into the
matter but that it's investigation had
disclosed no place where reductions
seemed feasible. In the judgment
of the committee, he said, the COM
missioners were proposing to levy
as little as they could safely do. The
main worry, he said, was what the
balance would be at the end OF the
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
HOOVER SAYS BASIS
LAID FOR IMPROVEMENT

Washington, July 23.-P1-PreSi-
dent Hoover said Thursday the Lon
don conference had "laid sound foun-
dations for the establishment Of sta
biiity in Germany"
The program adopted by the con-
ference, he said, supplements the
suspension of inter governmental
debts already in effect.
1.-The combined effect" be added,
SHOULD enable the German people
with their resources. industry and
courage, to overcome the temporary
difficulties and restore their credit"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
Machinery Payments
To Be Made in Wheat

Chicago, July 23.-R-Many Of the
International Harvester company'S
dealears have arranged to accept
wheat as half payment for farm
machinery.
This was announced wednesday
night by Alexander Legge, chairman
of the company's board. Wheat for
December delivery will be accepted
at rs cents a bushel on the basis Of
the Chicago price, which yesterday
ranged from 81 "a to 81 cents. This
would mean a bonus Of more than 20
cents, minus the shipping cost.
Legee explained, however, that the
plan was not a general n and that
it would not include all dealers, or all
kinds of machinery. Neither would 1t
extend to past accounts.
1T Is simply a plan of helping the
dealers clear surplus stocks and, at
the same time, help farmers find a
market for part Of their CROP" he
said.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
MANDAN MAN HURT

jamestown, N. D., July 23.--N0-
William Baird. horticulturist at the
Great Plains station at Mandan. who
was shaken up when the automobile
in which he, was riding went off a
grade near jamestown, will be able
to leave here within a few days, his
physicians said. Baird suffered no
broken bones or serious injury.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
City-C County News
J. S. Fevold left Thursday Tor Min
neapolis on q short business trip.

The July meeting OF the Crofte
Star Homemakers' club took the form
of an all-day picnic at the Victor Mel
son grove, near Baldwin. More than
100 persons attended. A program OF
games and sports followed the dinner
and part of the afternoon was given
over to a business meeting of the Or
SANITATION. Mrs. Herbert Fricke and
Miss Elsie Meyer were named as
project leaders. The next meeting
is scheduled for Aug. IL at the home
of Mrs. Carl Landerholm.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23

MARRIAGE, DIVORCE DECREASE
Washington, July 23.-lP-De-
pressing business conditions were re-
Elected today in census bureau data
showing sharp decreases in marriages
and divorces during 1890.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
CALLS A MEETING

Pierre, s. D., July 23.-(R-Gover-
nor Warren Green Thursday asked %
state leaders to meet at Huron July
80 to work out a program to meet the
serious situation caused by drouth,
grasshopper damage and low farm
prices.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
WAHPETON FIRES PULLING

Wahpeton, N. D., July 23.-(P)-
Wahpeton fire officials Thursday
we're puzzled over two minor blazes
which started at almost the same
time Wednesday night, one Of which
was believed to be of ~incendiary Or
igin.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23

Local officials said Thursday that
the plan would Immediately be put
into effect at the Bismarck branch.
Wheat will be accepted as part pay
ment on harvesting machines. COM
bines and certain other machinery,
they said.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23
Powers Agree on
Measures Needed
To Aid Situation

VCOnCIQUeU rom page UIIeJ
another attempt to force through ar
extra session of the RiechStag.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-07-23

Beekeepers Of Alexander county, N
c., report the largest crop Of honey
since 1916.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-08-13
Women in Politics

ITO those who decry the advent Of women in poll
tics and official life the dismissal Of Mrs. Jean
Hortense Norris from her position as New York's
first woman magistrate will appear as an additional
argument for their prejudice against ofceholding by
the fair
Justices of the state Supreme Court, before whom
Judge Norris was tried, unanimously ordered her re-
mova from office finding her guilty of altering court
records to up her unfairness to helpless
framed" for moral offenses; of owning stock in
bonding company operating in her COURT of disregard
ing the constitutional rights of defendants and selling
her official name to advertise commercial product
All these offenses came to light after she had
served magistrate nearly IL years. besides enjoying
an enviabe reputation as leader in many political
and social movements.
AS general proposition, however, Mrs. Norris's
fall from grace proves nothing for against the part
icpation of in public affairs 1t merely demon
srates what every student of human knew
aready-that probity is not exclusive attribute of
either sex, but that good and evil struggles for mast
cry in the hearts and minds of men and women alike
Prison Sentences
THERE is much in the theory of indetermin-
| ate prison sentences for criminals to commend
= its wider adoption, at least as an experimental
for the protection of society," The idea is that
when convicted of serious crime the offender should
be restrained until he gives evidence of genuine in
As we understand it, under this plan the criminal
is treated somewhat insane person is treated An
insane person is not sent to asylum for definite
period but is supposed to be kept there until his cond
ton improves sufficiently to make his release safe
If his condition not be improved he stays for
life.
There is similarity between the lunatic and the
criminal in that both sick. One is mentally sick;
the other is morally sick. Both often be cured by
proper treatment. The condition of each should be
determined by experts before turning him loose At
least that the theory of the ndeermnate sentence
and it's sensible if it's workable.
@
The efforts of King Carol declared to have
improved the economic situation in Rumania-But
his marital, domestic and moral situation seems
mixed up as ever.
A Southern paper points out that "your party
has organization and the other party has machine