davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
Front page of first arithmetic published in New World.

Egyptians used pictures of vari- ous subjects to stand for numbers. A tadpole, for example, stood for the number 100000" and lotus | flower stood for q 1,000." A pair of legs with feet pointed toward numbers meant that the numbers should be added togeth ar. A pair of legs with feet pointed away from numbers stood for the | word subtract"
 The ancient Greeks also used hand written books of arithmetic. A Greek named Euclid Is famed for the work he did, more than 2,200 years ago, to build up arithmetic and geometry.
 A book written by Hindu 800 years ago contains this problem: "A fountain will fill cistern in one day. Another fountain will fill the cistcrn in half of a day. Still another fountain will fill it in Onc-third of day.. A fourth fountain requires One-sixth of n day.. Say quickly, friend, in what part of day will all four fOun- tains let loose together, fill the citern?
 That problem is not so hard as 1t may sound. Can you work IL out? I shall give you this tip turn the "half" and the third" into "sixths' just as you start to work.
 An arithmetic printed in Treviso. Italy, in 1478, appears to have been the first arithmetic ever pub lished. By the year 1,500, printers had placed before the public IS arithmetics written in Latin. seven in Italian, four in German and one in French. Professor Karpinski states that 300 arithmetic books were printed during the sixteenth century.
 The first arithmetic printed in the New World was written by a Spaniard, Juan Freyle. It was published in Mexico in 1856. Most of the text was about methods of counting the value of silver and gold, but the book contained 25 pages about algebra and arith metic. An arithmetic in English was printed in New York in 1705, as a part of the book called '"The Secre- tary's Guide"
 (Scrapbook club members may place this article in History" sec tion of their scrapbooks.)
 TomOrrOw-a Little Saturday Talk UNCLE RAY.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
PLYMOUTH

plvmouth Grange held its reg uiar meeting in the Grange hali' Wednesday, evening with 9S mem- hsrs being in attendance. A sup ner was served by the men mem hSrs for the women of the organ ixation as their forfeit in losing +ha contest between the men and vomen members. The supper con- sisted of frankfurters and sauer- Eraut. A program of entertain ,,,ant was presented under the dl- rSrtion of Mrs Bailey Richmond rrhich consisted of an original sketch. that allowed of music, both vocal and instrumental being in- trpduced. ou,
 The second coating of oil has hsen applied to the streets in this town. the work having been com nleted on Wednesday. Following fha oiling of the streets, they were scraped and smooth surface put on which adds greatly to the ap- nearance of the different streets.
 Community Club Meeting
 Al a special meeting of the Ply r.euth Community club a report was made in regards to the con cessions run by them at the Ply nnbuth Fair on September 1stb ma it showed that they made $19o. 1r accordance with the agreement nade with the fair officilas this ~rlII be divided equally between the Community club and the fair or 0anization.
 Hearing on Win
 lA hearing in regard to the ad- ,nission to probate of the will of fSs late Sophie J. Eaton will be hSId wednesday, October 7th in fES probate court in Terryville by Judee Andrew w. Granniss.
 AIeflnea to Have Booth
 Plans have been cmopleted by fhe Alethea society of the Ply so6uth Congregational church for fEsir booth at Harwinton fair on noxt Tuesday.
 Many local people are planning fo have exhibits at both the liar. linton Fair on next Tuesday ana o< Wolcott fair which will be held r~ snturday and Sunday.
 Towp Building Pointed
 Al frcsh coat of paint has peen n x,olIed to the interior of the town bu1IdlnE which has greatly auueu |c fhe appearance of this building
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
WATERBURY PRODUCE
 MARKET
Furnished by Connecticut Depart ment of Agriculture-B. P.
 Storrs, Local Agent)

Friday, Oct 2-Higher egg prices were put into effect today by lead ing distributors of Conn. Newlaid Fancy grade, 49 cents per dozen being the new price advanced to. Insufficient supplies to take of buyers wants of large eggs together with price gains at New York since early last week of to 5 cents per dozen for eggs of com. parable grade were the principal causes of the advance. Undersize eggs continued liberal and no more than steady.
 Live poultry was weaker. par ticularly broilers and chickens. Heavy receipts of this class of poultry from the west at leading primary markets of the east caus- ed this weakness and price de- cline. Live fowl shared in the decline to some extent but not as much as young stock.
 Liberal offerings of peppers con- tinued to dominate the morning farmers market. Only odd kinds sold for more than 50 cents per bushel while the average sold mostly around 40 cents. Lima beans were not as freely offered and sold higher, green and Wa, beans also showing some price gain. Good cabbage sold mostl, for 75 cents per box.
 Unless otherwise stated quota tions are based on sales of good mercliantablc products to retailers at farmers, market or by whole. salcrs).
 FRUITS.
 Apples, Mcintosh, No. 1.2o. 1.75 (few 2.OO) bu.. others 1.OO- 1.25 bu., No. 2 and drops, McIn- tosll .9O-1.25 bu., others .6O-.9O bu.; grapes, native .5O-.75 # bu.; pears native .5O-.75 (few higher) F bu VEGETABLES.
 Beans, lima 2.5O-2.75 bu., snap 1.OO-1.5O bu.; bccts, cut .4O-.45 F bu., punched .3O-.35 dOz.; cabbage .3.5O-1.OO (mostly .GO-. 75) box; carrots, cut .4O-.5O bu., punched .3O-.35 dOz.; caulifiowcr, No. 1 2.O0- 2.T5 dOz.; celery, flats 1.75 200 doz.. hearts HOLES doz., rounds .5O- .OO dOz.; corn f.OO-1.25 1OU cars; egg plant .5O-.60 bu.; lettuce .4O-.75 box; onions 1.25-1.50 bu.; peppers. green .35-.5O bu., red .4O- 50 bu.; potatoes, native .7O-.75 Maine 1.2O-1.25 cwt.; spinach .4O- 50 bu.; parsnips. washed .6O-.76 1a bu.! tomatoes, No. 1 1.O0-1.2h 1a bu., No. 2 and green .4O-.55
 X bu.
 POULTRY PRODUCTS.
 Conn. eggs per dOz.: Newlaid Fancy .49; Special .45-.47; Etxra .42-.45; Gathered .4O-.42; Ncwlaid Medium .3S; mediums .32-.35; pull lets .25 .28; western. first-extra .25-.32; live, fowl .1S-.24 lb., broil- CTS .16-.25 lb., chickens .2O-. .25 lb.; dressed, fowl .s7-.3O lb., broilers .32-.35 Ib., chickens .35-.4O lb.
 LIVESTOCK and MEAT. Butcher stock, cows .O2-.O5 lb., calves .O9-.12 h.; meats, beef H. IT., veal .11-.17 lb., lamb .14-.1S lb.; pork, loins .17-.22 lb., pork, local dressed .13-.16 lb.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
LEAGUE WARNS ROCK ROLL
 ERS

Montrose, Colo.-To protect hik- CTS and fishermen from the play full" the Izaak Walton league will erect signs on both sides of Black Canyon "warning against rolling rocks into it." The practice. league members declare. sooner or later win result fatally. The alleged nuisance most frequently occurs in Montrose county.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02

The first factory in the United Kingdom for the production of glass wool, primarily for heat in- sulation in ships, locomotives and engine rooms has been opened at Glasgow.
 Radio telephone service has been established between Germany and Siam and a similar service is being planned between Germany and Egypt.
 Nearly every jewel known has been found in the United States.
 The U. S. Navy is putting para chutes made of cotton through a series of rigid tests.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
WOOL MARKET

Boston, Oct 2.-(UP)-The Bos- ton wool mraket report issued to- day by the local United States agu- culture department office follows
 "A scattered trading in domesdc woois is largely for the purpose of filling immediate needs. Forward buying appears to be withheld By delayed openings and quietness In the goods market. Domestic wool prices are a little lower than the peak in September, but the decline has been marked by rather sna1l turnover. A few representative sales include strictly combing ono and similar feeces at 25-251a cents in the grease as compared with-4a recent rang eof 25-27 cents, and strictly combing 56S territory woo.s at 4S-50 cents, secured basis. As compared with 50-53 cents on the previous sales" =
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
SIX MILLION IN POPULATION

St Louis. (UP)-Although ths census population of St Louis is slightly more than 800,000. there are six millions here. They are Mr and Mrs Millions and the four little Millions.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
CoIIects Old Nails

Sleepy Eye, Minn. (UP)-Pick- ing up old nails is the hobby or J. l.. Kiefer, who puts them m cigar boxes and files them away. Kiefer. although not especially fond of old nails, woul much prefer seeing them in his cigar boxes than lying in the street where they puncture auto tires.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
STATE TESTED 10000 COWS

Harrisburg. Pa.--Inspectors of the Pennsylvania agriculture de- pertinent tested 80,000 cows for tuberculosis during last month and found that less than two per cent of the animals were affected by the disease.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02

About 20 per cent of choseii's 54.532.100 acres Is under oultiva- ton. Japanese owning nearly one- half of the titled land.
 ArgentipDfs coal reserves have been estimated at more than bs- 000, 1000 metric tons.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02

1 FIVE MAGIC TRICKS are in- 'cluded in the Surprise Leafiet"
 offered without charge to readers
 who write to Uncle Ray and ask for it. Be sure to enclose stamped return envelope.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
Uncle Rays
 Corner
EARLY ARITHMETIC BOOKS.

The earliest known "books" of arithmetic were made in Egypt. They were written by hand on sheets of papyrus Ca kind of paper), and the sheets were rolled up when not in use.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
Up And Down Movement Noted
 In Stocks To-day
Rally From Lows Seen at NO0n-Prices at No lime
 Lower Than Previous Closing Ones

consolidation. No official comment was forthcoming, however.
 Consolidated Gas led a rally n the utilities with q rise or poinss carly decline. Others of the group were up fractions to more than
 General Motors got back into the billion dollar class. At its low yes. terday of 22M. the as,SoSS'oov ,,oS Z, snars. ss7s. f5o. GOO At the noon price of ZyA. tSe stock was back above a billion dollars at s1,001,S75,000.
 New York, Oct 2.-(UPl-Ths stock market advanced In al i,, olv. sions to-day. carrying on nesterdsv sae a' in progress at tne h;ch ct4S vesterday tonched a low of 695s for the hrst IF Eastman Kodak opened as i04A up 3A; Coca Cola l0sh " up 1M; American Can 7Sh l,S ,,n up 7 ahs nnC f1n;on Carbide S4 up l; National Biscuit 41% up lb; ana Auou'n Auto 103 up 5. ,,,.taa ra-
 Railroad shares made peiateu sponse to agreement of easlsrnf easf,s3s,. vn. oltfyes on merger plans lnyu.xxs yns four major trunk ines; esh np ilt; !; Chesapeake chs and ohio .;S go up aafsiiso6 a ss1 spurted nearly points to IF
 Oil shares wesse firm under lhe leadership of Standard OiI ot ar,,aaT Mew JJersey. American naapsr diSision. smeton Generai Motors made a fraction gain ana Wentworth spurted 21s to 49s m inc mercantile section. Electricai equipment shares moved ahead more thar The a rising i movement continued in the early traoihS "'n
 Rnving was helped by announce ment last night after the close or fusion of Bank of America or Mew York with National City Bank. rms information leaked aed ,sa out one nea of me me Factors responsible for the recov- cry from the lows. ,
 Pressure lifted on the utility divi. sion of the market after nearly al issues in the group were depresseu to new bear market lows yesterday: Consoiidated Gas rose to 50 up 3 while substantial gains were made by a long list of others including United Gas Improvement, Nationai Power and Light, and American and Foreign Power.
 BOYCOTTs STOCK NEWS
 Buffalo, N. Y., Oct 2.-tOP)-- The Buffalo Times announced a boycott on front page stock mar ket news to-day until the stock ex- change suspends short trading. s
 "We refuse to be a party to the paralyzing of American business~Dy unprincipled bear raiders who pound stock quotations down for their own benefit" the Times said inAan editorial. t
 barometer of business in 1929. BqA- ness was sick then, and the market didn't know it. &s.
 we refuse to. believe that .rIt knows any more in 1881. Business may be sick, but it can't be as sick as the stock quotations"
 The Times deplored suggestions that congress might attempt to curb stock exchange practices. and said 1t preferred the exchange put ting tits own house in order.''
 nh newspaper informed it's read CTS that stock market reports would be found in the regular finan- cial sections, but would remain off the front page until further ne- tice.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02

Air transportation Is causing railway revenues in South Africa to drop.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02
GLASS INSULATION

Copyright, 1891. Publishers
 Syndicate)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-10-02

All of the men of the parish of the Immaculate Conception church who can are requested to meet at St Johns cemetery on South Main street, Saturday morning at ! o. clock for the purpose of continu- ing their work of improving the cemetery which has been carried on all during the summer. Many improvements have been made to
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
Runors And Reality Gathered From This Sporting World The Grist Of Athletic Contest
 By JOHN A. CLUNEY
Wonder What A Fighters Manager Thinks About!
By JOHN A. CLUNEY

We'll let's haven't had fight in three weeks Guess K O. Catfish ought be fairly soft I'll my old Jack Juniper Frogs Hollow steam The suckers ha: will fall for and it'll keep the kid in shape until that big Smelling decides Yeah that's what I'll do all right and don't action that there's the old standy Mxve where the natives think boxing glove much part of shipping
 clerk his hammer We can't miss either and the kid be just about right for something real big in Hackenk Reynolds Bridge Course gotta be careful about that Catfish thing don't know people there and might be tough quained with the referee, in things little close
 Come think of it. this K. O. Catfish supposed be dud but dunno for ben we're taking Jimmy Jones word for it. Yknow Jone and an been the the night phenagd him of his end that ofenpheer barney and he might be yn fast Just to be I'll call Juniper low down the local lad If he's tough we'll tell guy Joney omhn and into Mxve place where the gon an rough Den again. if the Catfish right for the kid ought
 good paynght of Frogs Hollow and then cruise for pushover Met Hill Yknow tngs ain what dy used dis racket Too sharphooters guys keep from under Come tink of houda said hello that boxing commissioner Squedunk de other night
 though he don't know Can't tell he might handy day. if de kid going good and the opposition is little tame.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
CROSBY FIVE DROPS
 SECOND STRAIGHT !. HOOP TUSSLE 22-l3
New Haven HillhOuse Takes
 Measure of SChOfield's 1 Crew in Rough Game ! Blue Reserves Win

A weakened Crosby five. minus the services If "Toots'' Alderson, regu- lar center was handed it's second consecutive setback in as many starts at the Wilby gym last night by Hillhouse High of New Haven, 22 to 13.
 The game was rough at intervals as both teams were more than anx- ious to register victory. In the last period Referee Waters called q personal on Ritter who was taken from the game with four violators. New Haven fans and players flew off the handle as Ritter was waved off the floor claiming that Waters detected 'he wrong man.
 Harp" Dunn seemed to be the locals only offensive threat. Time after time the mite cO-captain drib- bied down the floor and fed the ball to his mates for. easy shots in ad- dition to garnering three baskets himself. He alone could not turn the tide of the battle. Score: PICK UP Box Score
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14

Both of the fights to be promoted by the Madison Square Garden Cor poration of Illinois { a subsidiary of the New York concern) with the milk fund getting a part of the re- ceipts of the June engagement. Quite A Party
 Such was the heavyweight boxing situation to-day as result of a con- tract signing bee here late yesterday. The bee was attended by Joe Jacobs, who signing for Schmeling; Pa Stribling, who signed for his fight ing son; Leon See and Bill Duffy, who wielded the pen for Camera William B. Saxe, president of the Madison Square Garden Corporation of Illinois and roomful of lawyers.
 The elder Stribling and the Car nera board of control also signed papers giving the Illinois corporation first call on the services of their fighters in 1892 in case either one displaces Schmeling as champion.
 See Secs Money
 The comic relief for the busy ses- sion was provided by See who in- sisted upon the insertion of a clause in Cameras 1892 contract whereby the Giant Italian was empowered to defend his title, if any, at least once a month. See explained that he and his fighter were out for all the money they could get and he could think of no better way to secure it than show the mountain man as of- ten as humanly possible.
 Sites for the two fights will be an- nounced 90 days before the bouts are held. Chicago, Jersey City and Detroit all are being considered with Chicago the likely site of the June bout and Jersey City of the Septem- Der affair.
 The bouts, according to officials, were signed on the customary cham pionship basis, 37 1-2 per cent for the champion, 12 1-2 per cent for the challenger.
 The Madison Square Garden Cor poration which will handle both fights, was formed by the late Tex Rickard preceding the second Demp- sey-Tunney fight there in 1927. The organization has not been active since that time but it is understood that it will be re-organized with the backing of many prominent Illinois citizens. "
 What's The Difference? >.
 Just what the New York Boxing Commission will say about yester- days developments is prOblematical. Many are of the belief that the com mission will brand the signing of the fighters under the name of the Hi nois concern as subterfuge and re- yoke the New York Gardens license.
 Others are of the opinion that the commission will overlook the matter as they did on the two occasions Tex Rickard took championship fights out of the city.
 One thing the commission will probably do, however, will be to sus- pend Stribling for entering into neg citations with Schmeling and Car nera, both of whom are banned 1T this state.
 If the commission should paddock the Garden it undoubtedly would precipitate a bitter, long-drawn ou legal battle.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
Clock BOWlers Win
 as Gallupo Stars

Waterbury Clock succeeded in making a tie of first place in the Industrial League by winning two games from the French Manufactur- ing Company. Nal Gallupo of the Clockers made the win possible by turning in a fine 391 for hts three strings. ,-,.s
 The Mohican Market took the first game from the Trolleymen but failed to maintain the pace in the next two. Tom Reyes did the only noticeable rolling for the Market men his 346 being high. American Brass won all three from the Patent Button but had to roll off tie to decide the second game. Oakville Pin lost all three to Plume and Att wood but showed marked improve ment in their rolling. Had they taken advantage of their spare leaves they might have taken two of the three games. Good bowling by Richard and Smith made it pos sible for Wordens to take all three games from the Diamond Ginger AIes. The Bottlers held the Dairy men to d tie in the opening game but lost on the roll off. They gave the worden team a close race in all the games, Jay Andrews consistent bowling keeping them in the rum | hing.
 Nearly 3O,00O tons of butter were made in Argentina last year.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
WILEY CACESTERS DEFEAT ST MARY'S AIT WESTFIELD 1877
Leemen Break Jinx Which Stood for Five Years Saints Lose Tripp for Coming Game

Westfield, Jan 14-Breaking a jinx which they have carried with them for the past five years in this city, Wilby high of Waterbury. Conn tackled an IS to IT beating onto St Mary's here last night at Community hall before a gathering of 700 fans. The locals were leading at the half way mark, 10 to 8, but were unable to stand the pace in the second half. Wilby hoped off to to advan- tage at the end of the first period due to hoops by Tracy and Cornell, but a little basket bombarding by the Saints changed the aspect in the sec ond quarter.
 Shortly after the opening whistle in the third stanza, the Nutmeggers obtained the lead through the ef- forts of Lallier, Dwyer and Tracy, who sunk hoops to have the score read IA to 10. At this point the To- calls called for a time out and when action was resumed Dwyer connected for another two-pointer to advance the Wilby count. Free tries by Bryndza and Captain "Yoxie" O'Day put St Mary's within thre markers of deadlocking the score.
 A double decker by Lallier at the outset of the final canto ended the scoring activities for Wilby and the count read IS to 13. BryndZa dropped in a hoop and with the two gift shots by O'Day brought the count 10 IS to IF with but one min ute and a quarter to go. The Saints called for time out and with the resumption of play started to pepper the hoop. but without any success whatever.
 Lallier and Tracy were the out standing performers in the Wilby lineup with Bryndza showing the best for St Mary's. Early in the first quarter the Saints lost Tripp, who received an injury to his hip. This mishap may keep him out of the tilt with Rosary Friday at the Con- munity hall. The score:-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
Buddy Howard in
 Knockout Victory

New Haven, Conn, January IA - UP)- Elmer Buddy Howard, New Haven, 1855 1-2, was credited today with a knockout of Armando De Carlos. Italy, 1S6 1-2, who was counted out in the second round of their scheduled 10-round bout at the Arena last night.
 After taking severe trouncing in the first round. De Carlos appeared to lose interest A body blow sent him down for count of nine and a few moments later he went down for the full count without having been hit.
 Steve Smith, Bridgeport, 131 1-2, defeated Oscar Bernard, Panama. 131, in 10; Lou Bogash, Bridgeport, ITO, defeated Gene Bryan, Norwalk, 169, in six; Romeo Dubois, New Haven, 131, knocked out Tommy Brown, Norwalk. 127 1-2, in the first; Steve Vane. Derby, 126, de- feated Jack O'Day, Bridgeport, 128 1-2. in four; and Joe Oliver, New Haven, 138 1-2, defeated Al Traynor, Norwalk, 137 1-2, in four.
 Hawaii produced 930,000 tons of sugar last year.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-01-14
Elks' Bowling
 League Notes

The weekly high single was taken by John Dillon with a score of 154. This mark. by the way. is the high est score to date. John has played the leading role during the past three weeks in lifting the Stewards from the depths of last place.
 Charlie Denehy Is one bowler in the league who never gives up no matter what the score is, except when they don't break for him and then !? ??
 After the Christmas vacation, many of the teams were in @ slump. Although both his mates and op- ponents were having tough luck, Jack Schulzi came through and fea- tured Pepe's two game win.
 Jack McGurk played the role of a hero for the Mcfarland clan, in their one game win. The first game resulted in tie and in the playoff McGurk got seven fill spare and the game was won by three pins
 Only ten games separate the "A teams and three game win or loss sure does affect your standing. Tom Lawlor lost the lead after drop ping three to Courtney and we find Warren Cooke and his men resting in first place.
 In the Lawlor-C Courtney match, one of the outstanding personal matches of the year, was held be-