Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-11-08
WORLD PEACE MACHINERY
TESTEDBY EASTERN CRISIS
Three Treaties, Mixed Arbitration Tri-
bunal and Mediation All Involved in
Manchurian Situation.

an observer to cooperate with the
League Council, If followed, removes en-
tirely the controverted subject of the
United States signing a consultative
pact, for this form Of cooperation with
the League really goes farther in fac1ll-
tating international negotiations than
any form of consultative pact hitherto
contemplated.
For years France has been saying
that it could not seriously disarm with
out at least regional mutual aid pact.
Great Britain has been saying that 1t
could not make any more such pacts on
the Locarno or any other model as long
as it did not know what the United
States might do with respect to neu-
trail rights in case the British fleet took
action under the League covenant.
This divergence led the American
delegation at the London Naval Con-
ference of 1880 to propose tentatively,
in order to tide the conference over its
worst crisis, a consultative pact which
would reassure Great Britain regarding
the United States, thus enabling Great
Britain to go ahead with its Med1terra-
mean mutual aid pact, which In turn
would enable France to cut its navy.
The conference was saved, but the two
pact system failed in the subsequent
Franco British negotiations.
The United States cooperation with
the League Council now seems more
than ever to cover the ground intended
by the consultative pact and, therefore,
theoretically frees Great Britain If
Great Britain desires to meet the
French thesis.
Kellogg Pact supplemented"
2. The United States cooperation
with the League has already "imple-
mented" the Kellogg pact. This pact
was twice invoked by us in the Russo
Chinese dispute over the Chinese East
ern Railway two years ago. Our State
Department found that in practice no
mechanism for invoking the pact ex-
listed. It was obliged to send some SO
cablegrams to so governments. Answers
came trickling in over period OF weeks
or months
The need for q better mechanism was
obvious, but the organization OF such
mechanism seemed dificult. Now the
League Council, by establishing q prece-
dent in itself invoking the Kellogg pact
in the case Of q major dispute and by
suggesting that all the League members
do likewise, has pro- 'ded that nipple
mentation" the State department has SO
long desired.
8. The League covenant and the KEEL
logg pact have been suddenly effectively
harmonized. For several years Jurlsts
of many nations have been striving
vainly with this problem: How to make
the Kellogg pact, which forbids agrees
sive war in any circumstances, jibe with
the League covenant, which seems to
authorize q dual war after certain medi-
atory measures have been exhausted
without the Leagues reaching unanl-
nous agreement.
In actual practice. by the simple de-
vice of including the Kellogg pact In
League resolution and calling the
League members in a crisis to remind
the disputants thereof, the Council
seems to have settled the entire ques-
ton.
All Cases Special.
4. A demonstration has been given
that under pressure of precedent ana
In cooperation with the United States,
the great powers members OF the League
Council win courageously take action IN
the sense of the League covenant even
against their own indirect interests.
Neither France nor Great Britain
(Continued on Fourth Paea9