davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

81. i93I at his residence. 1928 B Street
Northeast WILLIAM J. CROSS. the be-
loved husband of Annie Y. Cross; Besides
Mrs. Blanche Hayes and Mrs. IneZ Wilcox.
Funeral services will be conducted from
his late residence. 1928 B Street North
east on Wednesday morning March 20,
1881, at 1O:3O o'clock. Interment will
follow in Leesburg, Va. Service by Cham
hers Co.
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

BAKER, SOPHIE BERTHA-Departed this
life on Monday morning. March %,
| 1881 at $3.50 o'clock at her late resi-
dence, 2O31 ST. N, W., SOPHIE BER-
THA BAKER, the beloved mother Of Jen-
and Arthur Baker. He also leaves to
mourn her departure two step-sons. one
step-daughter. thirty-two, grandchildren
resting at the w, Ernest Jarvis funeral
church. l432 You st. N w.
Notice OF funeral services and inter
ment hereafter.
The Washington times., 1931-03-23
Babies BOnnets

Organdy and fine EOo
lawns in white, pink OON
or blue. Daintily trimmed
with shirring, ribbon or
rosettes. Sizes IL to 16.
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

NIGH, JACOB WORLEY-Passed away
on Saturday morning. March 21, 1881,
at 10: AS o'clock. JACOB woRLEY NIGH.
the beloved husband of Amanda Duncan
four children. two sons. Omar 1. Nigh
and William F. Nigh. and two daughters.
Miss Estelle L. Nigh and Mrs. James L.
Crawford.
Funeral services will be conducted on
Monday afternoon. March 80. at 2 O'Clock.
Services by Chambers Co. Interment will
tives and friends are invited to attend.
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

Babies Shirts
Double breasted cot OOo
ton shirts. 2 to 6. AOO
Quilted Jackets & Robes
Japanese quilted in pink ST
or blue. Daintily trimmed
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

WILLIAMS, GEORGE W.-Passed away
OH Saturday morning. March 21, 1881,
at Providence Hospital. GEORGE W. WILL
LIAMS. aged 2 years. the beloved son of
Fred and Katie Williams. of 504 Third
St. N. W. Remains resting at the W. w
Chambers Co. funeral home, Fourteenth
and Chaplin Streets Northwest.
the W. W. Chambers Co. funeral home, @
14O0 Chaplin St. N. W., on Tuesday after
noon. March "a, at 2 O'Clock Intermant
will follow at Cedar Hill Cemetery. Rela-
tives and friends are invited to attend.
The Washington times., 1931-03-23

IUhAF, WILLIAM-FdsSeU away
Sunday, March 22, 1881, WILLIAM
ZENTGRAF. the beloved son of Frank
Zentgraf and the late Matilda Zentgrat
(nee Burkhart).
Funeral services will be conducted from
the residence of his sister, Mrs. C. F.
West. zoos Evarts st. N. E.. on Wednes-
day morning March 25, at 8 o'clock
thence to the Holy Comforter Church,
where requiem mass will be said at $50
o'clock for the repose of his soul Inter
ment will follow in Mount Olivet Gene.
terry. Relatives and friends are invited
to attend
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
new LAW
Reached in December New
York Factory Jobs

Albany, N. Y. (ILNS)-The index
of factory employment in New York
state, as compiled by the state de-
partment of labor, declined to a new
and unprecedented figure in Decem-
Der, Frances Perkins, industrial COM
missioner, reports. The index reach
ed 77.5 after a loss of per cent
from November to December.
Although employment in the 1,750
factories in which the index is based
had hit the lowest November level
since the index series was started in
1914, December reports showed de-
crease as great as that of December,
1929, Miss Perkins reported. The
general index of employment for 1880
as a whole stood at SO, as compared
to SO in 1929.
Of the IL industrial groups in
cluded, only pulp and paper, printing
and paper goods and chemical, oil and
paint divisions were able to hold their
November forces. The heaviest cuts
were made by manufacturers ftex-
tiles, clothing and food products.
Some of the metal industries and vir
tually all wood and leather goods
manufacturers also showed big de-
creases.
Employment in the manufacture of
womens clothing suffered its usual
seasonal decline, although many
houses were able to hold or add to
their November help.
The net loss in employment in New
York city from November to Decem-
Der was nearly 31a per cent. SYRIA
cuse showed a loss of 8 per cent,
while cuts in textile mills caused z
per cent drop in Utica. A loss of 3
per cent in the Binghampton district
was reported.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
"CANNIBAL"
Industry Opposed By South
land Newspapers

Danville, Va.-The mill strike in
this city and organized labor's
struggle throughout the South is
awakening Southern newspapers.
Opposition is being recorded against
"a harrowingly long work day" and
pay envelopes that will attract the
wolf to the door"
The Richmond News-Leader says:
'The South wants no industrialism
based on the 10-hour day, the 60-hour
week, or night labor for women and
children. This is cannibal industry.
1t feeds on human flesh"
The Times-Dispatch, published in
the same city, says long hours is not
only inhuman, but is decidedly poor
business, both for the South as a sec
tion and for manufacturers who are
here to avail themselves of oppor-
tunities in the South"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
Money in Small Group

This little group of American fam
lilies is designated the "most respon-
sive section" of the population, as the
advertiser sees the situation. That
means it is the section that can buy
because it is either well paid in wages
or salaries or because it has entree
to that great stream of profits that
flow from investment, speculation or
some similar classification of income,
The great masses, grouped in that
great bulk of some 25,000,000 families
cannot buy enough to make them
worth the effort ofthe national adver-
tiser, because they do not have eur
rent money to spend" They do not
have it, inferentially and actually, be-
cause they do not and cannot now
earn it or bring it otherwise into their
possession.
The Saturday Evening Post was
founded by Benjamin Franklin. 1t
still tells, every now and then, a pro-
found and important bit of truth.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
SECRET WAGE
Methods of ClOakmakers
Exposed By UniOnist

New York.-Cloak and suit manu-
facturers, who maintain relations
with the international Ladies Gar
ment Workers Union, are notified to
abandon their secret efforts to induce
workers to accept lower standards.
In letter to the employers organ
ization, Isidore Nagler, manager of
the workers joint cloak board, said:
"It seems that number of your
members have approached their work
ers with requests to enter into secret
arrangements with them with the OBJ
ject of lowering standards in the
shops. A practice of this sort can
only result in serious disturbances
and Interruptions during the coming
season.
II suggest that you warn your
members against entering into any
collusive agreements with their work
ers and that you also make it clear
that they will be held responsible for
the consequences of their act"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
MATERNITY ACT
PASSED BY SEN
ATE; VOTE 56-10

Washington.-Th senate, by vote
of Sc to 10, passed the maternity act
authorizing an appropriation of ST.
100000 to aid the states in caring
for mothers and infants.
Each state will be granted $4,000
for maternity needs, the balance to
be distributed among the states in
proportion to population, if the states
appropriate like sums.
The maternity-infancy act, first
known as the Sheppard-Towner bill,
went into effect in 1921, but was al
lowed to lapse in 1929 The new bill
has no time limit.
Opponents claim the plan is an
other encroachment of the federal
government upon state functions.
The bill may meet strong opposition
in the house.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
MINISTERS RAISE
A THOUSAND FOR
DANVILLE UNION
Check Presented By New
York Clergyman, Who
Says Victory in Strike
Will End Industrial Slav-
cry.
By C. S. GARRISON

Danville, Va. (ILNS)-The Rev. J..
NJ Spofford, of New York city, who
spoke Sunday to some 1000 textile
workers, on strike here for Is weeks.
said he was Spokesman for the
Episcopal Church of America, in re-
spect to the Danville strike" Incl
dentally, at the close of his address,
the clergyman presented the local
union with check for 81, 1000 as the
church's contribution othe strike re-
lief fund. He said that at least ten
bishops had contributed.
Mr.. Spofford read a resolution
adopted by the New York City Church
League saying that human rights
must take precedence over property
rights; that workers mus thave COM
forts and saving wage and the right
to organize"
"'rhe master slave, paternalistic
system which is in vogue in Danville
is antiquated," the speaker declared J;
"and tht people are fooled by welfare
agencies and company unions which
are always controlled by the company
officials"
Victory to End Industrial Slavery
The speaker said the winning of the
Danville strike would bring an end
to slavery in industry in America"
"If Mr.. Fitzgerald knows he is right
why is he afraid to arbitrate with the
United States government" the
speaker asked. "Unless the mills here
come to their senses | know there are
forces, which ! oppose as Christian,
which will bring trouble to the mills
and which the mill will regret"
Mr.. Spafford paid his respect to the
churches as follows: 81 say with
shame that the churches of America
have not supported you as they
should; but l suppose the pastors
here are mill-owned. Mr.. FitZger-
AIDS pastor would not want to run
the risk of losing his contribution.
know there is criticism when churches
take a stand like this. However, there
are some clergymen who aren't afraid
to come to your aid"
When the speaker, at this point
presented the local union with the
thousand dollar check there were loud
applause and cries from over the
house: "More beans"
Mr.. Spofford is editor of the New
York Witness, an official publication
of the Episcopal Church.
Redwood exports in 1929 totaleo
62,2S0,000 board feet, as compared
with 59,815,O00 feet in 1928.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
Labor Asks Government
To Adopt Fiye-Day Week
A. F. of L. Executive Council Holds Proposed Federal
Action Would Give Immediate Relief in Unempoy-
ment Situation.

heads of international unions, state
federations and the several depart
ments of the federation and to date
includes nearly every large union.
The committee will hold a national
conference in Washington, February
% and "a, where the campaign will
be formally launched.
In report made to the executive
council by Ira N. Ornburn, president
of the Cigar Makers international
Union, executive secretary of the
committee, the committee announces
its purpose to "use every legitimate
avenue for the development and crys-
tallization of public opinion"
To Stamp Out Bootlegging
eve are determined" says the
committee, to stamp out bootleg
ging, smuggling, illicit distilling and
the manufacture of alcoholic bever-
ages in the home.
"The passage of the Volstead act
has done more to create unrest than
any other law on the statute books.
Glass hatred has been engendered
The present generation is becoming a
generation of whiskey drinkers. Max
ing beer drinking crime has made
criminals out of thousands of for
mer law-abiding citizens
Modification would help law en-
forcement. AS conditions now stand
law-abiding citizens are resentful and
rebellious, with resulting disre-
spect for all laws and corruption in
public office"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
Small Group Gets Cream
OF Lies Good Things
Only Small Proportion of Americas Population Has
"Ampe Current Money to SPEND" Conservative
Saturday Evening Post Points Out in Illuminating
Advertisement.

Washington, d. c.. (ILNS)-The
cream of life's material good things
goes to 4,062,804 families, while the
remainder of the total of 29,000,000
families in the United States get
along with anything from skim milk
to the whey that remains after all
the cream and the milk has been
taken out by the churning process of
exploitation, industrial inequity and
the general melee of the life of the
times. The figures are offered by the
conservative Saturday Evening Post
in a full page advertisement publish
ed in the United States Daily. The
advertisement is intended to show
how good the Saturday Evening Post
is as an advertising medium, but it
shows great deal more than that.
1t shows the need of distributed buy
ing power before there can be general
prosperity for the masses.
The Saturday Evening Post, claim
ing To reach Cile HlSt oili &C iHihioii
families in America" in point of
buying power, goes coldly about the
business of showing where to find the
money that can be spent for COM
modities. 1t does this in a series of
black squares, each proportioned to
the segment of population under dis
cussion.
Squares Tell Story
In a square of about one and one
half inches ON each side the total
population of 122,693,391 is shown.
This is reduced to total of 29,000,000
families. ''Then, f" says the advertise
ment, 'it needs to be shrunk again to
the families which mentally are di-
rectly reachable, somewhere near H.
100000 families in which some adult
is above Ia years in intelligence. :
bold type as in the Originally The
sides of the resultant square measure
about one-half inch. The Saturday
Evening Post believes there is no use
advertising to those than cannot
grasp the message and it puts the
number of those who can grasp it at
an alarmingly low figure, probably
based on census returns. But it pro-
ceeds to still further distillation.
'Then it need to be shrunk once
MORE" says the advertisement, ito
the families which have ample cur
rent money to spend. the families
from which the 4,062,8O income tax
returns were fled" thus getting buy
ing power properly located among
those who earn enough money to have
money to spend. BOLD type in quo
tation are as in the advertisement
The square representing this potent
figure measures no more than quar-
ter inch on each side. Ponder that
smallest square, gentlemen says the
terse and business-like advertise
ment. "for there is the heart and hope
of prosperity-the bulPs-eye of the
sales target in America. 1t does not
represent all the business, OF course,
but it does represent the cream OF It."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23

Redwood exports in 1929 totaled
62,280,000 board feet, as compared
with 59,815,000 feet in 1928.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
By STAFF CORRESPONDENT

Miami, Fla. ILNS)-The first act
of the executive council of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor on opening
its annual mid-winter meeting here,
was to adopt resolution calling
upon the federal government to get
into step with progressive employ
ers" and make the five-day working
week effective for all employees.
Announcing the adoption of the
resolution, President William Green
said that Inauguration of the five-day
week would help the unemployment
situation and that it was the judg-
ment of the executive council that
there would be immediate relief if it
were applied at once wherever pos
sible in government departments.
Mr.. Green made an emphatic reply
to the statement favoring wage re-
ductions made by Albert w. Wiggin.
chairman of the board of the Chase
National Bank of New York city.
Wiggin Illogical, He Says
"Mr Wiggin is illogical and at
odds with leading economists, also
many of our great employers, in his
advocacy of lower wages" Green said.
"We are starving in land of plenty
simply because we have overempha-
sized the development of production
machinery and failed to keep up our
ability to purchase this output.
"If, with our present production,
we lower wages and thus decrease the
buying power of consumers through
out the nation, this depression may
continue indefinitely. Having the ma
terials and the production machinery,
we can restore normal business con-
ditions by placing the nations buying
power on a par with production"
The council was formally advised
of the formation of labor's legislative
committee for the modification of the
NOlS Ctdu dClJ Will WHICH lHGSIHdIlOflal
unions, representing 100000 of the
100000 members of the federation,
have affiliated for the most highly or
ganized campaign yet made to permit
the brewing and sale of beer
Would Help JobIess
Such action, according to the
spokesman for the committee, would
provide almost immediate work for
100000 men and revive a market
for farm products that in 1913, the
last year of legal brewing, used $780,
900 tons of farm products, mainly
grain and hops, valued at $110,000,-
900; relieve unrest and provide the
government with $400,000,000 in rev.
enue.
The committee is composed of the
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
Shorten Work Week Immediately
Green Urges in Radio Address

the management of industry, the
statesmen of the nation, the represen-
tatives of our government and the
masses of the people fully appreciate
the necessity of complete cooperation
in the solution of our unemployment
problem, we will ultimately master
it and overcome it."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23

through its organized units has been
nationwide wherever organized labor
was permitted to function through it's
organized units.
Working people demand an oppor-
tunity to work so that they may earn
decent living. They abhor paternal-
ism and they bitterly protest against
being reduced to the point where they
are forced to become objects of
charity. They offer, as partial rem
edy for unemployment, the establish
ment of work security. They believe
that working people should be made
secure in the field of employment, so
much SO that instead of discharging
workers industry will regulate en-
ployment so that all may enjoy an
equal distribution of the work avail
able. This would serve to keep every
worker purchasing unit and would
encourage him, because of the con-
sciousness that he was secure in his
work, to exhaust his available credit
facilities.
Reduction of Hours Advocated
THE five-day work week should be
Immediately established and the hours
of labor should be reduced to the point
where they would correspond with our
increasing power of production. These
economic reforms should be applied to
government workers as we'll as those
employed in private industry. Under
such plan more workers could be
employed. In fact, practically all the
slack of present-day employment
could be taken up very quickly and
expeditiously if the fve-day work
week were inaugurated in private and
governmental employment :
The income of working men and
women should be maintained at a lev
ell where they could buy and use the
commodities which industry manufac-
lures and produces. All classes of
people should be encouraged to buy
and buy as freely as possible. Prac-
tical means and methods, through
which employment relief could be ex-
tended promptly and adequately to
those who are displaced through the
introduction of mechanical processes
| or who may be rendered idle because
of local conditions and circumstances
which unexpectedly arise, should be
| formulated and carried into effect. In
dustry should plant to regulate pro-
duction with market requirements sc
that peaks and dips in production
could be overcome and avoided SO far
as possible. Added to these economic
remedies should be the development
of an industrial relationship which
makes for intelligent study and anal.
ysis of economic conditions and the
highest type of cooperation between
/ all forces in industry.
Unorganized Lack Voice
"The unorganized workers through
out the country have no medium Of
expression. They are denied the op.
portunity of cooperating because
they cannot give collective vocal ex-
preston to their opinions and their
ideals. This is unfortunate Ii
causes social unrest and national dis
content. All workers should be &C.
corded the privilege and opportunity
of acting collectively, speaking col
lectively and serving collectively. II
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
Labor Head Advocates Speedy Establishment Of
Five-Day Week and Maintenance Of Wages
at Levels Permitting Workers to Buy Indus
try's Products as Depression Remedy.

Washington, D. C. ILNS)-The
five-day week should be Immediately
established and the income of wage
earners should be maintained at a
level which would enable them to
buy the products of industry, Presi-
dent William Green, of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor, declared
in a radio address in the interest of
the presidents emergency committee
for employment.
Pointing out that working men and
women have suffered greatly from the
effects of continued unemployment
Mr.. Green said that in every national
emergency it becomes the duty of all
classes to make such contributions as
lie within their power toward the
needs and demands of the occasion.
"Now, after more than year of
continuous economic Distress" Mr..
Green said, ''the nation is aroused and
it seems that all the forces of society
are cooperating in a concerted effort
to overcome and master the forces
which have operated so disastrously
in our economic, social and industrial
life"
Labor Has Helped
Labor groups, Mr.. Green said have
given material help to those in need
and have co-operated with govern
ment agencies striving to cope with
the situation. He continued, saying
in part:
sin response to the request of the
president of the United States, or
ganized labor, through representa-
tive group of its officers, made its
contribution to the establishment and
maintenance of industrial peace in
this crisis. Despite most eXasperat-
ing and trying circumstances it has
kept the promise it made to the chief
executive of the nation and has
faced and accepted its responsible
ties in a most constructive way. The
representatives of labor accepted
membership upon unemployment COM
mittees in the different cities and
states. They have given the benefit
of their service, training and infiu-
ence to this organized movement Gre
ated for the purpose of dealing di-
rectly with the serious problem of
unemployment.
Because labor is conscious of the
seriousness of the situation, it has
sought, through its representatives, to
be represented on all unemployment
boards and committees. The mem
| bership of organized labor, through
their unions, have been instrumental
in the development of public works
programs and have offered very valu-
able suggestions and recommends
tions regarding plans and policies
which should be pursued.
! Unions Give Fund
"The trade unions have used their
funds to relieve distress, to supply
food, clothing and the necessities of
life to unfortunate unemployed per-
sons. Many members of trade unions
have made weekly contributions to
funds created for the purpose of re-
lieving unemployment among their
members. Thousands of dollars have
been raised in this way, all of which
has been supplied to the unemployed
All this assistance rendered by labor
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1931-01-23
TO AID PORTO RICO

Washington.-Th house committee
on insular affairs approved a bill
which will establish labor depart.
ment in the government of Porto
Rico.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1931-12-18
APPROPRIATION WANTED
FOR G.. & ID. CANAL

An appropriation of 100000 has
been asked by Maior-General Lytle
Brown, Chief of the U. S. Army
Engineers, in his annual report sub
mitted to Congress for maintenance
work on the Chesapeake and Della
ware Canal. The appropriation rec
commended for the canal for the next
fiscal year would be applied for mis-
cellaneous dredging of 100000 cubic
yards, $3.50, 900; miscellaneous main
tenance works, $55, 900, and engi-
neering and contingencies, $4,000.
In commenting upon the operation
of the canal during the fiscal year
the report explains that the canal
was open to navigation throughout
the year.