davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
The Rsnublics of Eurone.

The change Of government in Spain
from monarchy TO republic is the latest
of a series of transformations be-
ginning with the great war that have
completely altered the political map OF
Europe. When the war broke in 1919
there we're thirteen monarchial govern
ments. kingdoms and empires and three
republics. these republics being France
Portugal and Switzerland. Today, in
Guiding the Spanish change, there are
twelve monarchial governments anc
sixteen republics. The increase in the
total number is due to the division OF
old states and the creation Of new ones
In this reckoning the Union OF Socialist
Soviet Republics is claSsed as one unit
Russia.
This great change from monarchial tc
republican government has resulted In
the establishment of independent demo
cratic states in Austria, Czechoslovakia
Esthonia, Finland, Germany, Irish Fret
State, Greece, Lithuania. Latvia, Pc.
land Russia, Turkey and Spain. Al
bania, which was a kingdom when thu
war began, became republic for &
! brief period and reverted to monarchism
/ though at present the crown OF Kint
Zogu is somewhat insecure upon tina
royal head. The government of IcelanC
has been liberalized though 1t remains
under the sovereignty OF Denmark. Th'
status of the Grand Duchy of Luxem
bourg Is practically unchanged. Thu
principally Of Monaco is somewhat IL
the balance just now, with republican
movement strongly under way. Hungar!
remains monarchy under regenc.
which is practically republican dicta
torship
Russia has contributed most of tn
changes to the political map It ha
contributed I'VE new republics FINLAND
Latyia, Esthonia, Lithuania and Poland
Portions of Poland we're contributes
unwillingly by Germany and the forme
Austria Hungarian Empire. Czechoslo
yakia was created out Of Austria Hun
garian territory, and from that realm
also came portions of the new Kingdom
Of the Croats, Serbs and sloyenes, pop
ularly known Is Jugoslavia. which re
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Wage Solution Seen
In Supply and Demand
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
AS white collar man" out of a
job may take issue with your editorial
on no wage reduction?
My predfgament at SO is no different
from that Ct many. many others.
AS filters helper" in a shipyard at
$50 per week to manager and part
owner of two good-sized manufacturing
plants in the Middle West and to the
scrap heap under a great economy
plan" made possible by the combination
CT several competing companies / feel
know something of wages.
Why should labor" which from the
tone of your editorial means those who
work mere with their hands than their
heads, be exempt from the law of sup
ply and demand2
You deplore the suggestion that wages
be reduced in accord with the reduced
cest of living, and yet the increased cost
of living Yves the great unanSwerable
argument set up some years ago to IN
crease wages.
If you will get back to first principles
and they always govern in the long rum
what we have stored away for the flu
ture is the difference between what We
barter and trade basis the gain or loss
was tangible and, other things being
equal, we lived in direct relation to the
sweat of our brow.
The injection of money or credit as a
facilitator of trade has changed the
underlying laws not one whit is still
the difference that counts.
1 and thousands of others who are
not members of some protective group
fathered by Grundy or Green have
to sell our services for wages at the
market unsupported by tariffs or union
wage scales. and that. in spite of meddle
some legislators, is where all wages will
finally land.
Grlndy in his widest dreams never
conceived of such a high price main
tanning Set-up as the building trades of
this country have succeeded in estab-
fishing. partly through reduced output
and partly through Organization"
There is still a buyers strike"-see
figures for the first quarter, this year
on the part of many who would like to
and could buy or build homes-see the
savings accounts. But until we are con-
are getting value received, we are not
going to do more Of either than neces-
sity demands.
Do away with the restricted output
and the fetish of high wages and you
will see a healthy. prompt revival-and
what is more. labor" will have some
thing in the larder when the bills are
all paid.
The old law will have sway at last
and the sooner the better So why not
take leaf from modern medicine and
help nature" rather than try to fill
our body economic" full of a lot OF
impractical idealistic nostrums?
CIAS. MORGAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

/ rock in the interior Of cave and has
/ the appearance of fibrous gelatin. II
is composed OF mucilaginous substance
or isinglass. secreted by special glands.
and is not. as was formerly, that made
from glutinous seaweed.
! O. How many Indian languages are
( there?--W. T. M
/ A. There are between As and so In
! dian linguistic stocks and some $50 dia-
/ lectS. There is no dictionary under one
cover including these stock languages
and dialects. A few dictionaries have
been compiled OF certain Indian Ian
/ guages.
Q. What kind Of liquid can be spread
over printed pages to preserve then1?--
E. j.
A. The Bureau of Standards says
+ that in large libraries it is customary
+ to paste very thin silk fabric over the
pages, using good mucilage as the adj
/ hesive. The fabric Is like chiffon. The
bureau does not know Of any liquid that
/ is entirely satisfactory Varnish would
/ be good If it did not penetrate the
paper more in some places than in 9TH
/ ers, and thus cause blotchy appear
ance.
| @. Did the late Speaker Nicholas
| Longworth support his father-in-law,
! Theodore Roosevelt, when the latter
bolted the Republican party and was
| the Progressive candidate for President
/ in 1912?-T. S.
| A. He did not.
| @. What was the city to which Lin
coin Steffens in his undertaking article
| years ago referred as corrupt and con-
| tented"?-G. H
| A. Philadelphia.
O. Where is coral taken which Ia
| considered precious?-M. H. E.
A. The precious coral Is found wide
| spread on the borders and around the
islands of the Mediterranean Sea. The
most important coral fisheries extend
| along the coasts of Tunisia. Algeria and
Morocco, but real coral also is obtained
in the vicinity OF Naples and on the
coasts of Sardinia, Corsica, Catalina
| and Provence. 1t also occurs in the
North Atlantic off the northwest coast
of Africa. Black coral which grows TO
considerable height and thickness is
found in the tropical water of Aus
tralia.
O. Where will the rext Eucharistio
Conference be held?-F. j. F.
A. In 1892 it will be held in Dublin,
Ireland.
O. What are the tolls for the Cape
Cod Canal?-A. A.
A. The Cape Cod Canal was pur-
chased by the United States March 81,
1923, and has since become a free
I, waterway. Since the United States took
over this canal the traffic has doubled.
O. Why Is Akron, Ohio. so named
S. D.
A. Akron is from Greek word which
means "the summit or the peak"
The city Is appropriately called Akron
because it is on the highest ground in
| the northern part of the State.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHnANDER JOHNSON.

The New Literature.
We now depend on Literature
To make our happiness secure
The pUnster, once considered crude,
Conposes titles for our food.
Athletes acquire their best renown
When they as wits have come to town.
The statesman is most liked who quotes
The largest stock of anecdotes,
And poetry Is made the means
OF praising Goldfish, ham and beans.
A phrase cosmetics will impress
With sentimental loneliness.
Hard travelling is made to seem
The magic Of an Orient dream.
LIES breWty is not so sad,
Described in an insurance ad.
Although a play may not amuse,
Genius will shine in the reviews.
The world grows glorious, truth to tell
As Literature makes all seem well!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
ave Won a eood Boast Absorber2

| Are you a good Boast Absorber?
I There are people to whom boa sters
seem to turn naturally, as some plants
do their leaves to sunshine.
lot OF himself, es all such do, the most
necessary thing in the world for his
Self-esteem is a bona fide Absorber
| Not just any one will DO. not even a
! person who is willing to listen to braR-
| cling with che ear. There are plenty of
these, mostly because they desire, in
! their turn. to do little boasting on
! their own hook.
! No, the genuine braggart wants real
Boast Absorber, and he is always SUI
| premely happy when he finds one.
And why should he not be, for who
else would listen TO him at such length?
|
Some people there are who seem
| fated, from the beginning, to be the
conhdants of all these happy, conceited
persons who never tire of talking about
| their precious selves, their achieve
ments, their possessions, their inten-
] tons
No quicker does fly careen to a
lump of sugar than the man with a
! perfectly coed opinion of himself to a
Boast Absorber, for he recognizes in
him just what his nature demands
as very charming fellow, and gives
MN credit, when he is not thinking
| about himself, with being very clever
one, too.
Does he not know enough to listen to
the good stuff when he hears it?
X X x
1t seems that the farther away a
boaster lives from his chosen Boast
Absoroer. the better job he does of it
when they meet
| Maybe he lives out of the great Mid
Ole West somewhere, cut where the
| corn grows high and the hogs fat. and
the frost glistens on great round pump
kins in due season.
Let such man, we call him Jones
for convenience, visit Washington, he
graVitates to his Beast Absorber at
once, and begins talking about his
favorite theme
Jones is Jones favorite theme, of
course.
There was something different about
Jones from childhood, one gathers,
alter listening to him in full flight for
few moments.
away when it came to juvenile stone
battles. and in snow ARRAYS he easily
took the role Of little Napoleon
His school days, as he casually lets
drop, were no different He was either
at the head of his class. or permitted
some weak personFto secure that posi-
ticn out of pity for him or her.
That he was a Leader in his college
days goes without saying
And when he led, the rest followed.
1t was only when he went into BUSH
ness. however, that Jones really began
to shine.
Money was the last thing he cared
about, he carefully intimates, but it
was surprising how 1t came rolling in.
He just couldn't prevent himself from
making money, Your home, he hints
to the faithful Boast Absorber. is very
nice, but he should see his palace in the
very fashionable suburb out West
There lis rug on the living room
floor, for instance. He won't say that
there aren't better rugs, but he never
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL.

saw such. This one cost So 900, but the
dealer, a very rich man, and one of his
very best friends let him have it at the
ridiculous price of $500, a mere pit
lance.
A hint as to doctor bills, and the
Boast AbSorber braces himself 1t i
wei he does. When it comes to doctors
bills, the Jones household is perfect
hospital, all at the most staggering
rats.
Yes, at a moderate estimate, with nc
allowance for extras, Jones has spent
perhaps a little more than $4,000 or
doctors and surgeons during the past
two or three years.
This. on top of the beautiful Jones
mansion, which cost not cent les,
than $4,000 and which would set any
man back some 100000 if the same
home were constructed here, added ul
to a pretty penny. Jones gives the Alb
sorbsr to understand.
But all of It was not more than he
Jones, could handle Not bit of it
rather less, if anything. He still hao
tine to own the most expensive movie
camora and had thousand or so reels
of the children, but he didn't bother
with it much any moye.
X x
The good Boast Absorber never bats
an eye.
That is why he is good.
He is sort OF father confessor to
the boosters, and they manfully use him
for the purpose.
Whether they give him much credit
for his proficiency is another matter
The interesting thing is why does he
Absorb?
Kindness of heart is the answer.
Whenever you see a man patiently lis
tentng to the wide-open. unblushine
boasts of his, friends you may know that
he is one OF the kindsst men alive.
y X X
The good Boast Absorber listens well
and no one yet has ever heard him put
in word. edeewise or otherwise, in
his own behalf, although often he is
more successful. in his own line anc
way. than the man to whose glories he
listens so carefully.
Almost every Boast Absorber worthy
CT his salt Is at bottom humorous. good
natured fellow. who rather enjoys the
spectacle of another human being I'M
blush1ngly footing his own horn.
In his calmer moments such kindly
humorous man often wishes, no doubt
that he, too. had the perfect gift OF
Jones, the ability. not only to talk about
ones self, but its precursor, the desire
to so talk.
The born Boast Absorber somehow
took to heart the beatitudes about the
humble at heart. the modest in spirit.
To boast seems to such a person the
least desirable achievement, yet at the
same time he recognizes that a little
CT it, wisely directed is good sometimes
Sometimes he wishes he could blow
his own horn better; the music. al
though it might NOT sound sweet to his
ear might rebound to his credit.
Invariably, however, he shoyes such
an idea back to the boastful part of his
brain, where 1t came from, and contents
himself with listening patiently. hon
estly, and decently, to the boasts of his
fellows.
To be good Boast Absorber is to be
an artist In the handling of human ma
lure. II it sometimes causes pain. SO
does life, which is none the less rich
and interesting for all that.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

manned nnonarchical, while CzechosIo-
vakia became republic. Strangely
enough, there has been no change of
government in the other Balkan states,
though liberalism is strongly prevalent
there. Both Rumania and Bulgaria are
Kingdoms today, as before. In Greece.
However, change took place that had
long been foreshadowed, and the Hell
lenes are now under republican govern
ment. While the greater portion of the
Turkish realm lies in Asia, the change in
that country from monarchical to re-
publican government affects the Euro
pean score.
The European countries still remain
ing under monarchical rule of one form
or another are Albania, Belgium, Bull
earis, Denmark, Great Britain, Hungary,
Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Ru-
mama, JugoslaYia and Sweden. In some
OF these republican movements are in
evidence, and other changes may posi-
bly, follow that which has just relegeted
to private citizenship Alfonso XIII, late
King of Spain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Gets Biggest Thrill
In Seeing Own Mother
From the Buffalo Evening News.

From the Buffalo Evening News.
Born without pupils in his eyes, in
darkness for % years, Earl Musselman,
student at the Pennsylvania Institute
for the Blind now can see, thanks to
the skill of DR.. G.. H. Moore of the
Graduate Hospital. Philadelphia. No
one could have read unmoyed the boys
story of the transition from darkness to
light, as told in the News.
II shall never forget the biggest thrill
of my life. which came after the opera
ton. when my mother came to visit
me-" says the boy. Il had word that
she was coming and was prepared for
it. Yet when she stood before me, I
somehow could not believe my-shall I
say reincarnated?-eyes / closed
my eyes and heard her speak. and she
was again the mother had known
all my life"
To Earl Musselman that must have
been celestial light that let him see
his mothers face. The birds and stars
still are hidden from him, but the
promise is that they soon will flash into
his eye First with him are the things
of home and of his school, sight of
those who have ninistered to him.
those who gave him inward vision. He
Soon will know the vernal bloom and
Summers close and flocks and herds
and all the various objects Of delight"
Here surely Is the touch OF divinity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Golden Rule Described
AS Tonic for Business

To the Editor of The Star:
It is certainly refreshing to find a
man occupying as prominent position
as Daniel Willard, president of the Bal
timore g. Ohio Railroad, saying. as re-
ported in recent address in Philadel-
phia, that capitalism was responsible for
the unemployment conditions. But he
added that with all its defects it was
the best system yet devised on which to
build an economic structure. 1t will be
recalled that Representative Hamilton
Fish, in speaking of the faults of the
capitaliSsic system, declared that If
sovietism was on trial so also was CAPT.
talism. For example, a number of
electric light and power corporations,
In different parts of the country, have
reduced wages, used a five-day week
With five-day pay, and even discharged
men during the business depression, so
| am informed, on orders from New
York. AS the total amount of cleo
tricity generated has fallen of only
slightly and as many companies had
their best year in 1880, in spite OF de-
preston, cannot believe that any such
action was really called for. Unless
guided by the principle of the Golden
Rule, remote control of industry may
be highly disadvantageous to a COM
munity But, for all the associated ills,
it is hardly fair to blame capitalism
itself, but rather the actuating motives
thereof-for If the Golden Rule be
accepted, most, If not all, the defects
disappear. Spiritual indifference or
lack of spiritual understanding may
call the Golden Rule sentimental or
impractical, but those who have tried
very quality of its thought, attracts
and stimulates business.
The great advantage of the capital
istic system is in the delightful free
dom it affords for individual initiative
and effort and which tends to keep 1t
"alive" and healthy. 1t is interesting to
note that while in Soviet Russia church
and religion is frankly turned down, !"
in capitalistic America the very oppo-
site is true. On one hand. the blind
leading the blindP'; on the other, faith
without works" However. by adding
the spirit of the Golden Rule to capt.
talism we may attain faith with
works"--for the Golden Rule was given
by right thought and its use will bring
right thinking to consciousness through
destroying latent fear and clearing
the mental vision. And the clearer
the mind. the better for business. Our
great corporations are already capable
of much good---or, lacking vision, of
much harm. There is tremendous
power for good locked up in-America.
One hundred and twenty million
Golden Rulers" would illuminate the
world and bring better things with a
rush. America should not seem to
spell fear or hate to any one. On the
| contrary, good will and use of the
Golden Rule Is goo9 business:
ROGER SHERMAN WHITE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKlN.

This is special department devoted
to the handling of inquiries. You have
at your disposal an extensive organiza-
ton in Washington to serve you in any
capacity that relates to information.
Write your question, your name and
your address clearly and inclose 2 cents
IN ccin or stamps for reply. Send to
The Evening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing
ton, d. C..
@. Is c.. p Wells. who collaborated
with H. c. Wells in writing The Sci
ence Of Life" the authors son?--C. S.
A. George Philip Wells is the son of
the author. Prof. Julian S. Huxley also
collaborated in the work.
@. How many patents are there pend
ing in the Patent Office?-H. G.
A. At the close of business for the
week ended March 81, there were g.
844 patent applications which had not
been acted upon.
@. Who wrote the "Halleluiah
Chorus" PIX. K.
A. 1t was written in the original
score of the Messiah by Handel.
Q. When did the Hamburg-American
Line send its first steamer across the
.ocean?-F. E. M.
A. It's first steamer, the Borussia. was
put into operation in 1856. 1t was fol-
lowed shortly afterward by the sister
ship Hammonia. These two ships main
tanned service in conjunction with sail
ing vessels until 1860, when more
steamers were added.
@. In September the Jews observe
the Fast OF Gedaliah. WHO was Geda-
liah?-A. c.
A. The Fast of Gedaliah among the
jews commentaries the assassination
OF Gedaliah, which occurred the third
day of the month of Tisri. Gedaliah
was appointed by King Nebuchadnezzar
the governor of the poor and protected
the Jewish remnant then in captivity.
Inc bandit IshmaeI of the roval line
OF judah, turning traitor to his peo-
pie. asSaSsinated this just man. which
greatly aided in the ruin of the cap
tured Kingdom Of Judah.
Q. Why do cowboys wear high-heeled
boots?-S. j. B.
A. The boots have high heels to en-
able the cowboys to keep their feet in
the stirrups and form a brace when
throwing a lariat and riding.
Q. Where in Africa is the game pre-
serve where hunting Is prohibited?-
r. S.
A. The great Kruger Park in Rho
desia Is game inclcsure 200 miles by
SO miles where, since 1926, game of all
kinds has been allowed to live unmo-
lessed by native or white hunters.
@. What is stooge?-E. B. C.
A. In the language of Broadway, a
stooge is foil for a comedian.
Q. What kind OF nest is used by the
Chinese as food?-E. A. L.
A. The nest of the selangave is val
liable as food. 1t is used as a delicacy
by the Chinese. 1t has the shape and
size of a half teacup, IS attached to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

1t cannot be disputed that the ball
thrown by President Hoover gave the
season a propitious start A hard
fought opening game is in itself worth
while. Washington, d. c., Is too liberal
minded 10 regret that Philadelphia sue
ceeded temporarily in borrowing the
most distinguished of mascots.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Many a Congress starts by wonder
Ing what it is going to do with some
particularly interesting man, and in the
course of mortal events finds itself won
dering what it is going to do without
him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

The fact that he has no chance
whatever of obtaining a Nobel prize
Goes not prev ent Trotsky from prepar-
ing articles that may be printed some
day. While his ideas may not be mer-
chantab!e, he is at least assured of a
livelihood such as many philosophers
would regard as sufficient His future
as an expert typ.st is unquestionably
secure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Family trouble in pugilistic circles
creates no sporting interest. Odds are
not being posted as to which member
Of the Jack Dempsey family will win a
decision in the divorce courts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Authorities in studying the attitude
ct Mrs. Willebrandt toward California
wine make it clear that while she was
at ore time positive in her prohibition
views, she avoids any charge of being
an implacable fanatic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Volcanic Shade" Likely.

From the St. Louis Globe Democrat.
We may expect new shade in silk
to become popular, If the dust from the
newly active Japanese volcano, Yake-
gadake, which is sitting down in Nagano
prefecture, is effective in colorlng the
chief product of that silk district.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Alfonso XIII insisted on military
honors for his departure. Inasmuch as
an armed escort Is sometimes desirable
there may have been an element of
prudence as well as pride in his de-
nand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

In spite of many frankly expressed
reasons for economic apprehension,
Great Britain has one great cause for
thankfulness: the exceptionally rugged
constitution of King George.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Chicago is now expected to take up
the responsibility Of providing an ideal
city, worthy to be model for COM
munities throughout the land.