davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1931-12-26
MAIL PILOT TELLS
OF PER|L0US LEAP
Jimmy Johnson Enjoys Christ
mas at Home After Es-
: Gaping Crash.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, Ohio, December 26.-
Another days work done, Jimmy john
son enjoyed Christmas to its fullest
at home with his family here yester-
day.
No later than Thursday johnson rode
his crippled, plunging mail plane down
10000 feet before taking to his para
chute, bringing to an even dozen the
number of air mail pilots who have
been forced to leap for their life over
''Hell's Stretch in the Snowshoe Noun
tains of Pennsylvania.
Several of that daring dozen who
flew the Cleveland New York mail
never came out to tell the story of
their crash.
Sees Left Wing Fall.
But johnson did. His first intimation
OF danger he said, came when he heard
sound like the smashing of box
and saw his left wing hurtle off into
space.
My head must have been thrown
against the side of the cockpit with
enough force to daze me. for although
could pull the throttle back, wasn't
able to locate the switch
AS We entered the clouds cat 49, 500
feet the other wing let go l still
wasn't able to locate the switch and
began to tell myself that I had better
be getting out. I tried to unfasten the
catch of the safety belt. but somehow
my hands wouldn't respond.
Spectators Saw Plunge.
"Just how got the belt open I don't
know, but people on the ground told
me afterward that they saw the wing
less fuselage come out of the clouds
1000 feet off the ground and that I
was just getting out. The fuselage was
rolling over and over and centrifugal
force must have shot me out like
bullet when I finally managed to re-
lease the catch.
The wind drifted by parachute to
landing in a farmers field about
mile from where the plane crashed. =
The farmer wished me a Merry Christ
mas. He said I had it coming.
But, anyway, the mail wasn't
harmed"
Evening star., 1931-12-26

times. has been accounted for with
the explanation that the bone deposit,
at the time of its formation. was the
site OF marshy terrain in which was
located a drinking place for wild ami
mails in the semi-arid country where
water holes were not abundant. This
assumption is based on the general
character OF the deposits and the fact
that the quarry contains the bones of
literally hundreds of animals. the great
er part of which belong to this extinct
spscieS Of horse. For the most part,
the bones are disarticulated, intermin-
5led and scattered it is said, in such
way 10 suggest that they represent
the Slow accumulation of many years,
during which time the animals are be-
lleVed to have been trapped, one by
one, in the bog and died from natural
causes rather than the sudden over
whelming of large herd in one great
catastrophe
The major steps in the development
OF the ancestry of the horse have been
traced to near the beginning of the
tertiary era of geological time During
this long period of time, estimated at
four or five millions of wears. these
animals gradually increased in size,
passing through important changes in
all parts of the body and especially in
TIE teeth and feet, adapting them more
and more perfectly to their particular
environment. The earliest Eohippus
appeared in North America during
Lower Eocene times and was - small
animal, no larger than a fox. or about
IA inches tall at the shoulder, with
four complete toes on each forefoot
and three on each hind foot.
Increased in Size.
Following Eohippus was the Oligo-
Gene horse or Mesohippus, the largest
known species of which was about the
size of a sheep. Mesohippus had three
toes on each foot and a splint repre-
senting the fourth digit of the fore
foot OF the Eocene ancestor. The mid
die toe was much larger than the side
toes and bore most of the weight of
the animal. It's teeth we're in general
the loW-crowned browsing type
The third major type was Merychip-
puS, which marks the transition be-
tween the older short teeth
without cement and the long g-croWned,
heavily cemented teeth of the later
stages. Three toes were still present,
but much modified Next came Hip
parton of the Upper Miocene and early
liOSSiC tAdo' AL "IllCIl lIlc IdCeldl LOSS
are still present but much reduced in
size and almost functionless.
After Hipparion was Plesippus. in
which the lateral toes have entirely
disappeared and the weight of the ami
nal is borne on the tip CT single toe
on each foot. The teeth have also un-
dergone great change, having greatly
increased in height or length of the
crown. Following this new species is
Equus or the modern-day horse, which
differs from its immediate, newly dis
covered ancestor by an increase in size
together with a slight variation in pat
tern of teeth and angulation of skull.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
ROBOT" is STABBED:
ASSAILANT ARRESTED
"Automaton' Mummer's Jerky
Movements Stopped by Knife
Thrust in Thigh.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
NEW YORK, December 26.-Joseph
DAILY, 30, who makes living by attir-
ing himself as robot" for advertis-
ing purposes, reacted in a decidedly
human manner last night when a skep-
tlcal man stabbed him in the thigh
several times.
DAILY, whose jerky movements and ex-
pressionless face have made him we'll
known to Broadwayites, was walking
along Seventh avenue when William
Corbln, %, of Detroit. saw him. Cor
bin followed the robot" a few steps
and then drew his pocket knife and
plunged it into the left thigh of the
"automaton"
Reacting Immediately, DAILY whirled
around and seized his assailant. Both
fell on the sidewalk. Several cabmen,
friends of DAILY, joined in before Pa
trolman George Koch broke up the
fracas.
DAILY was taken to a hospital where
PHYSICIANS said he had lost much blood
Corbin was locked up on a charge of
felonious assault.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
Site Was Drinking Place.
C0L0RED MAN KILLS
RAILROAD DETECTIVE
Two Men Are Wounded Critically
by Ex-Convict, Who Stays
L. & N. officer.
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
RICHMOND, KY, December 90
After wounding two other men during
a fight, jeff Covington. 81, colored,
fatally shot James Turner, ST. Louis
vile & Nashville Railroad detective,
at railroad crossing here today.
Police said Covington had critically
wounded Howard Smith. %. colored
and slightly wounded Phil Owens 30
colored several squares from where he
shot Turner.
After wounding the two men, Cow
ington fled down the tracks, and, ac-
cording to witnesses, shot Turner when
he saw the detective talking to Pearl
Abney, watchman. Abney said Cow
ington fired three more times at Turner
after the officer fell. Turner fired at
Covington and wounded him in the
hand.
Covington was charged with murder
and placed in Jail here under heavy
guard.
Covington recently was released from
the penitentiary after having served
a four-year term for shooting at Tur-
ner some time ago.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
PLOT TO ESCAPE FROM PRISON
IN CONVICT-BUILT GLIDER Barred
Reported Leavenworth Christmas Con-
spiracy Fails as Plane Made by Flying
Bootlegger Is Seized.

with 16-foot wing spread-was dis
covered on the factory roof and that
it could be seen easily from a distance.
Two others conspired with the rum
runner, the Times said, and when it was
discovered the glider could carry onlv
two passengers. the prisoner who was
to be left behind informed officials of
the alleged plot Bicycle wheels made
an improvised landing gear.
The factory is about 200 feet from
the north wall, which is Is to 30 feet
high. The alleged plotters were wait
ing for strong south wind, the Times
asserted, and hoped to fly to a patch of
heavy timber north of the penitentiarv,
The Times said the plane was in
spected by prison officials and several
Federal agents, and adds the rum run
ner apparently had been given three
months 'in the hole" for building the
glider and has just come out of Segre-
cation.
The builder is described as an inter-
national rum runner who operated be-
tween Canadian sources and Detroit
The Times said he was captured after
his plane crashed with a cargo of liquor
near the home of Michigan sheriff in
the vicinity of Detroit.
Prison officials refused to confirm
the report as to the builders identity.
Evening star., 1931-12-26

BY the Associated Press.
LEAVENWORTH, Kans, December
ga story of an airplane rum run
ner's bold plot to escape from the
Federal Penitentiary here in glider
built and ready to launch for atop the
four story prison shoe factory building
was told in Leavenworth yesterday.
In any event. the reported principal
in the fantastic plot had his Christ
mas dinner-piece de resistance rabbit
inside the walls over which he al
legedly had hoped to soar to freedom
and Yuletide celebration outside.
The tale that an airworthy glider
had been constructed by the rum run
ner while he repaired the roof of the
factory was discounted by prison Off
cials, who said the craft was merely
a model too small to carry a human
passenger.
One authority said the glider was
built in sections in the prison plumb
ing shop, that it never was on top
of the shoe factory, that it was con-
fiscated half hour after it was as
sembled, later destroyed, and that the
builder was reprimanded only for using
material without permission.
The Leavenworth Times, however,
said 1t had learned from a reliable
source that ghder-1S feet long and
Evening star., 1931-12-26
|CULBERTSON BALKSi
AT CHRISTMAS PLAY
Prefers to Spend YuIe With
ChiIdren-Opponents
Inclined to Game.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, December 26.-Because
of a merry Christmas Ely Culbertson
had to arise today at an unwonted early
hour-for him. Three bachelors were
quite willing to devote some of the holi-
day and the holiday eve to continuance
OF a test of rival systems of contract
bridge, but not SO the father of Jump
bid" and Joyce Culbertson.
In order to make up for the inter-
lude Culbertson gave to the children an
afternoon session was called FRS. Gull
oertson would not permit Saturday
night session.
Lenz Blames Bad Cards.
Sidney S. Lenz and Oswald Jacobv,
who believe that far inferior cards ac-
count for their deficit of l4,525 points
IN 86 rubberS, were willing to try any,
thing once in the hope of a change of
luck--even play by daylight. Theodore
A. Lightner, who has been one of Gull
bertson's three partners, would rather
play contract than do anything else
any time
The contract for the match stipu-
lates it shall be finished by January Is.
1t Is some 10 rubbers behind the speed
expected before it began.
MlS D. SulDeTISOn, VINO Withdrew from
the match after 48 rubbers, when her
side was only 4l0 points in the lead.
mas to return to play at least 27 more
rubbers. In order that she might shop
ana make other preparations for the
holiday her place was taken by Light
ner.
Mrs. CulbertsOn's Return Set.
The latest time set for her return is
after New Year and the earliest was
THIS afternoon. Her re-entrance TODAY,
however. depended on how tired she
was after family party.
When she was his partner Culbert-
son thought his sides cards ran poorly
as compared with the oppostion's. He
and his opponents praised her play, and
at times there were passages of words
Whlch threatened to become serious
until she Gained everybody down
Cards or no cards it is a fact that
much OF Culbertsons lead is due to
heavier sets suffered by Lenz and
Jacoby. Their penalties in Sc rubbers
totaled twice CulbertSon'S. The rubber
standing this morning was 48 for Cul-
pertSon's side and 33 for Lenz and
Jacoby
Contract chess and camalot were en-
ployed by benz and Jacoby to tune up
Tor resumption of play
Evening star., 1931-12-26
GOV. ROOSEVELT PLANS
NEW FORM OF TAXATION
Increased Rate Would Be Spread
Over Longer Period in Rails
ing 900, 900.

BY the Associated Press
ALBANY. N. Y. December 26.-Gov
Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed yester-
day way of raising 100000 900 to re-
place the expected loss in State revenue
during the next fiscal year with the
least possible hardship on taxpayers.
He said he would suggest to the
Legislature that some new form of taxa
tion go into effecC February instead
OF July /. BY spreading an increased
tax rate over a longer period he antici-
pates making it lower than it otherwise
would be.
1T is obvious" he said, that after
the necessary sum is fixed, the greater
period that the tax can be spread over,
the smaller the tax will be-
Evening star., 1931-12-26
FIVE WOUNDED, TWO DEAD
IN QUARRELS ON HOLIDAY
Husband Kills Wife Who Sought
to Make Peace-Another >Stabs
Himself Fatally.
BY the Associated Pres.

by the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, December 26.-Seven
persons were wounded. two fatally, in
Christmas day quarrelS which termi-
mated in shooting or stabbing affrays
A woman was accidentally shot and
Killed by her husband when she es-
sayed the role of peacemaker in a
quarrel he had had with another man.
She was Mrs Laura Paparino. as
Luigi Paparino. the husband. was
booked on homicide charges.
The second Yule day victim was
John Bruno. colored. who stabbed him
self to death after attacking his wife
with a hatchet and seriously wounding
her
Among those less seriously wounded
during the day was Patrolman John
Lee, 35, stabbed in the abdomen while
endeavoring to break up street brawl.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
CARELESS DRESS
HIT BY DR.. BUTLER
Columbia President Also At.
tacks Current Speech
and Manners.
By the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, December 26-Dr.
Nicholas Murray Butler celebrated
Christmas day by announcing that Co.
lumbia University. Of which he is presi-
dent, operated at profit this year, and
also by firing a broadside at current
dress, speech and manners
Regarding financial matters DR..
Butler said Columbia added S28. 900 900
to its capital resources in 1881 and
closes the year with a favorable bal
ance of $l7O, ,290 instead of an expected
deficit" He projected future pro-
gram involving 30,000,000 for addi-
tional endowment and $9,500,00 for
building.
He then turned to general topics,
discussing in turn current modes of
life, politics and intercollegiate ath-
letics
Good Manners Gone.
He deplored "a steady decline in the
practice of good manners" adding:
"CarelesSneSs and reconsideration in
dress, in speech and in personal habits
have become all too common, not
among the younger generation alone
by any means but also on the part Of
their elders"
Asserting that schools are being
asked to shoulder burdens they Should
not be asked to bear" he said that two
factors had combined TO produce this
result: The virtual complete abdica-
ton Of the family as the primary and
controlling factor in education, togeth-
er with the substantial collapse of the
Protestant churches
10 oil 70 f,,~
but blamed Objectionable charges upon
the philosophers and the pseudo
psychologists"
He attributed lack of interest in
political affairs on the part of youth
to the sheer hypocrisy Of present day
party divisions and discussion" add
ing: rs it any wonder that youth
asks, what's the use?'"
Athletics for Students.
He praised the report of commit
tee of Columbia trustees, who recon-
mended that athletics be conducted
solely for the benefit of students.
1T SO happens" he said, that a
sports-loving public has been infiu-
entail in turning intercollegiate con-
tests into undertakings projected on a
vast scale, and they have become un-
academic and too often commercial
in spirit"
Athletics should be academic affairs
and moi looked on merely as means of
entertaining the public at huge costs
and in return for still more huge gate
receipts"
Evening star., 1931-12-26
POLICE CHIEF GUARDED
FROM MOB IN KILLING
Several Towns Aid Alpharetta, Ga,
as j. R. Farr Is Transferred
for Safety.
BY the Associated Press

by the Associated Press
ALPHARETTA, Ga, December 26.-
Pollce from Atlanta and nearby towns
were summoned here late yesterday to
ald IN quelling a disturbance bv a
crowd OF men seeking entrance to the
jail, where Chief of Police ] r Farr
was held after the shooting of Gentle
Wood
AS the men surrounded the Jail, de-
mandlng that Farr be handed over to
them. officers removed the police chief
and took him to Atlanta. The crowd
made no attempt to attack them. but
authorities said the arrival of rein
lcrcement9 probably prevented"
serious affair.
Farr said he had tried t, arrest four
men on charge of being drunk and
disorderly. During the ensuing alter
cation several shots were fired and
Wood fell.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
MARYLAND MAN WINS
IN STOCK BROKER SUIT
Canadian Court Reverses Decision
and Names Him Creditor of
Defunct House.

BY the Associated Press.
MONTREAL, Quebec, December 90
Bryant o. Butler of Easton. Md, has
been ranked as d creditor for S24,O56. "a
of the bankrupt stockbroking firm of
Brochu e. Co. by Judgment of Justice
L. E. Panneton in the Superior Court.
The Judgment reverses a decision of the
trustees of the firm.
Buffers claim to be ranked as
creditor had been rejected by the trus-
tees on the ground that Brochu & Co..
and not Butler. were owners. on the
date of their bankruptcy. of shares
previously held for his account.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
EX-OFFICIAL FACES JAIL
Uruguay Warns of Arrest of For
mer Argentine Minister.

MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, December
Is (P-Attorney General Pineyro
Chain has notified Argentina that DR..
Horacio B. Oyhanarte, former foreign
minister of Argentina, would be ar
rested if he entered Uruguay and his
extradition would be permitted.
DR.. Oyhanarte, who is charged in
Buenos Aires with malversation of
funds as a member of former President
Yrigoyen's cabinet, is living in Uru-
guayana, a Brazilian town on the Uru-
guayan border,
Evening star., 1931-12-26
Postmaster Dies,

LOUISVILLE. KY, December 26 Up,
Aubrey Cossar, SO, postmaster here.
died yesterday in hospital from lobar
pneumonia. He was taken i'll Wednes-
day and was transferred to the hos
pital Thursday. He is survived by a
brother. Griffith of Ann Arbor, Mich.
and half-sister. Mrs. Mildred Wilde
ST Briarcliffe Manor, N. Y.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
BY JESSIE G. BEACH.

= kELETAL remains of a missing
link which have long been need
ed by scientists in working out
~ the evolutionary chain CT the
mooern horse were recently ac-
quired b. the National Museum in great
abundance
This new and long g-Souglt species Of
fossil horse, linking the present day
animal with its three toed ancestor,
was recently unearthed near Hager-
man, Idaho, by a Smithsonian InStitu-
ton field party. Its discovery is con-
sidered by scientists throughout the
country as one of the most important
in the field of vertebrate paleontology
in recent years.
The wide interest attached to this
find is only natural. since the horse
las long served as the type illuStra-
ton for the study of the doctrine of
evolution by means of natural Selec-
tion and the adaptation of race of
animals to its environment. More
over, although much had been pub
lished on the evolution of the horse,
the immediate ancestor of the present.
day horse was unknown prior to the
discovery Of this new species, plesippuS
ShoShoenSiS.
bCneS Are Numerous.
Adding all ti.e more to the interest
of this discovery is the great abundance
in which the bones occur, representing
the greatest accumulation of single
species of fossil horse remains. Smith
sonian paleontologists say, that has ever
been found anywhere. the world over.
Prospecting for fossil horse skeletons
in Idaho was begun in the Summer Of
1929 by the late DR.. James w Gidley
of the United States National Museum.
who was well known AS one of tr.o lead
ing specialists in the ARCHAEOLOGICAL
history of the horse. and under whose
supervision the work was carried on
until the time Of his death recently.
Although sufficient material was OBJ
tanned during the Summer of 1929-30
to evidence the presence of this an
cient horse in Idaho. it remained for
the field work of 1881, Just concluded.
to reveal the great abundance with
which these bones occur. Six complete
skeletons. upward of IS well preserved
skulls. together with a great mass of
diSsociated bones comprise the spec
linens that are relatively free from
the matriX. while boxes containing
approximately Is tons of bones that
were embedded millions of years ago in
the firmly coherent Idaho formation of
the late Pliocene era of geological tina
are now stores in the vertebrate fossil
halls of the National Museum yet to
be unpacked.
Site Was Drinking Place.
The great accumulation at a single
locality of the remains of this ancient
horse, which. as evidenced by fossil
bones, must have roamed the hil'y
plains of Idaho in large herds for
thousands of years during geological
Evening star., 1931-12-26
Bandits Hold Up Chicago Store.

CHICAGO, December 26 (P).-Ber-
nard Stecker of New York, a salesman,
and Samuel Brown reported to police
yesterday that they were held up in
Browns store by four bandits. Stecker
said he lost 81 900 diamond ring and
$ll0. Brown reported his loss as five
fur coats and S105.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
DOG AIDES MISSING
Helen Keller, Blind-Deaf, Com
pletelY Lost" Without Pair

pletely Lost Without Pair.
NEW YORK, December Is LP).-
MISS Helen Keller, blind and deaf
author, reported to police yesterday that
two OF her dogs-Helga, a golden brown
great cane, and Darkey, black Scotch
terrler-had disappeared from her home
three days ago. She said she had felt
completely lost without the dogs since
they, apparently, wandered aWay on
Tuesday, as they we're her constant
companions.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
"REDS" FIGHT CHARGES

oehy POSSESSION OF Irotsky Writ
lngs Prove They're Communists.
MEXICO CITY, December 26 R.-
Five prisoners told court here yester-
day that possession of the writings of
Trotsky, Karl Marx and Lenin did not
prove they were Communists or were
inclined to that party's principles.
Ihey applied for writs of habeas
corpus after police had accused them of
being Communists and produced litera-
tllre taken from their homes as proof
of the charge. The men asserted the
arrests were illegal.
Universal Grafico said there were SIM
liar cases in other courts as the out
come of recent drive on Communists
by police.
Evening star., 1931-12-26

W do VIC wal
lord of Man
churia, and all
M a n C h u r ! a
spoke English.
He was a very
pleasant young
f e ii W. o n e
thing you got to
say about these
Chinese, tn ey
are good losers.
T h ere is no
yapping or ex-
Evening star., 1931-12-26
PINE SHIPMENTS GAIN
Movement for Week of December
10 Doubles Production.

10 Doubles Production.
PORTLAND, Greg, December 26 LP).
of pine lumber from the
Western pine territory were more than
double the production for the week
ending December 10, the Western Pine
Association announced today.
OF 12l mills reporting to the asso-
total production for the week was 12,-
$4,000 feet, while shipments totaled
26,631 900 feet and orders amounted
to 32,2350 900 feet
The association embraces pine mills
in Arizona. California, Montana, New
Mexico, Oregon and Washington.
Evening star., 1931-12-26

He thinks that China will even
tually absorb the japanese the same
as they absorbed the Mongolians,
who captured China so much they
got tired. r.. 49, ..----~--~ ----
Evening star., 1931-12-26
Will Rogers
Says:

PEIPING.-Had long talk with
young Marshall Chang 81 Liang. He
Evening star., 1931-12-26
CHURCH ISSUE RAISED
Proposed Separa ton From State Is
Considered in Peru.

LIMA. Peru, December 20 (P.-Sep-
aration of church and state has been
proposed in Peru, it was learned au-
thoritatively yesterday.
The Constitution Committee of the
Natlonal Assembly is considering the
proposal, with indications favoring its
approval.
The Catholic religion is recognized
by the Peruvian constitution as the
state religion. The churches and con-
vents are property of the state.
Evening star., 1931-12-26
CITY NEWS IN BRIEF.
TODAY,

Dance, Chi Sigma Sorority, Lambda
Chapter, Hamilton Hotel, 10 pm.
Dance, Beta Gamma Phi Sorority
Alpha Chapter, Hamilton Hotel 10 D m.
Christmas entertainment, Protected
Home Circle Juniors, Northeast Ma
sonic Temple, Eighth and F streets
northeast, pm.
Evening star., 1931-12-26

OFFICE OF THE F1REMEN'S INSURANCE
SoTapa5 SSompany OF Washington and Georgetown
Sevfhth Sesf rS street & ana Indiana avenue north
Insurance Company of Washington and
georgetown will meet at the office on NON
pay, January a. 1882, for the purpose of
electing thirteen directors for the ensuing
year. Polls open from IL am. TO q M