davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
Extraordinarily.

This Government is acting with COM
mendable f1rmness in the matter of the
arrest of DR.. Francis F. Tucker, an
American missionary now held on a
murder charge by the Chinese at
Tsinan. The American Minister at Pei
ping-which is the diplomatic capital
of China, though the administrative
capital is at Nanking-has been in
structed to demand the release Of the
prisoner to the custody of the American
consul for trial in the international
court established for just such cases.
1t is hardly to be expected that the
Marking government will yield without
protest, but at the same time it is prob
able that it will accede to the demand,
though tardily, in recognition OF the
fact that the extraordinarily treaty
remains in force even if it has been
denounced" by China as Of January
l next.
In view of the Tucker case, it is inter
esting to note that the 'tu quoque," or
you're another" argument in behalf
of the abolition of the principle of ex-
Intentionally is being advanced in
China, if not by the Chinese govern
ment. In the latest issue of the China
Critic, periodical published in Shang-
hal in the English language, under Chi
nese editorship, is an article on Eek
Intentionally in America" This
points out that the American judicial
system is not SO thoroughly dependable
as 1t might be; that great injustice is
often done by American courts; that
conflicts between Federal and State laws
and judicial practices lead to failures
Of justice, and that Chinese in this
country have suffered sorely from the
ineffectivenesS of American laws for
their protection. All of this is undoubt-
edly true, and there is no effective
answer to the following statement of
the case with which the article in the
China Critic concludes:
All this simply establishes the indis-
putable fact that miscarriage or delay
of justice is unavoidable even in
America. Uncle Sam has to contend
with the individual State governments
just as the Marking government has the
provincial war lords to control, and both
have succeeded in certain respects and
have failed in others. Were the diff
Guilty of enforcing justice or the fire.
quency Of meeting injustice adequate
grounds for the existence of extrater-
ritoriality, the cases in question and
numerous others would entitle every
power to have its own courts in the
United States.
1t is undeniable that there are grave
faults in the American judicial system
Nowhere is criticism of the courts, how
ever, sharper than in this country. And
the present hope Of the American people
is that reforms and improvements will
be effected soon in this respect. But
the argument advanced does not fit the
case of DR.. Tucker or justify the per-
emptory abolition of extraordinarily
by what may be called unilateral action
that is, by China alone-and GER
tainly does not warrant the government
at Marking in considering extraterri-
toriality abolished now, more than five
months ahead of the date it says it will
cease to exist.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
&c. B. S." in Russia.

George Bernard ShawS latest con-
tribution to the gayety of nations and
to his self sustained fame as the best
advertised cynic and playwright in the
world, is trip to Russia. He has just
arrived in Moscow, accompanied by that
other playboy of Britain, the Virginia.
born Viscountess Astor, and her hus-
band. The trio's announced purpose
is to "do" the Soviet Union in nine
days, thus, in way, equaling the feat
of Wiley Post and Harold Gatty in cir
COMMUNICATING the world in about the
same time.
&c. B. ST. will celebrate the diamond
jubilee of his colorful life under Com
munist skies, for he is seventy-five years
young this week. The cables reflect
that his capacity for hard work, even
as tourist, seems inexhaustible. Hardly
an hour after his train had pulled into
Moscow from Berlin, he set out for Red
Square, Lenins Tomb, the Kremlin and
the Park for Culture and Rest, a char
acteristic Soviet institution in the heart
Of the capital. Personally conducted
by high-ranking government officials
serving as chaperons, Mr.. Shaw kept
on going places and doing things" salt
and-peppering his breathless sightseeing
with characteristic Shavianisms all the
way. In the throne room Of the Krem-
lin. where the Central Executive Com
mittee of the Soviet Union rules Rus
sian destinies with an iron hand, &c.
B. S." mounted the rostrum and Let
out war whoops to test the acoustics
This" a Red autocrat in the Irish
bard's ent2urage demonstrated, "is our
House of Lords"
Shaw remarked carly in his inspec-
ton of Moscow that after ALL = was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. H.ASKIN.

at the earth's surface. blowing contin-
uAlly in the same course toward the
| Equator from an easterly direction.
They are produced as the result Of the
rotation of the earth aid the move
ment Of air toward the equatorial re-
gions. Owing to the high temperature
the air at the Equator is heated and
rises. This produces the steady cur
rents of air blowing toward the Equator.
The trade winds are chiefly limited to
two belts in the tropical and subtrop-
ical regions, one on each side OF the
Equator, extending to about 800 north
and south.
@. What does the word "cuidad"
mean?-E. S. G.
A. 1t is Spanish and means city.
@. Does the Southern Hemisphere
have an aurora borealis?-F. E. N.
A. 1t has a similar phenomenon,
known as the aurora auStralis.
@. Is a curve ball in base ball an OPP
tical illusion?-J. w. +.
A. It is not. The base bail pitcher
makes the ball curve By causing It to
twist after it leaves his hands.
O. What causes merchandise to fade
when exposed to light?-J. H.
A. Colored merchandise is faded by
the action of sunlight and skylght.
The ultraviolet, violet and blue raola-
ton produces most of the fading,
though some materials fade from ex-
posure to yellow, orange or req raola-
ton. The more intense the radiation,
the greater the fading. The fading OF
textiles is usually considerably greater
when they are exposed to light in
moist condition. For that reason, 1t Is
customary to dry colored goods that
have been Numbered, either indoors or
in the shade and rs rapidly as possible.
O. What is static?-A. w.
A. Static is io-freQuency-gToup
oscillation discharge between clouds, or
clouds and earth. 1t travels in all d.
rectionS from disturbance. Static prob
ably irnpresscs its varying frequencies
upon the electric waves carrying broad
cast signals while they are proceeding
from transmitting TO receiving station,
something like the miX-up OF waves
that would occur if one were to throw
q large rock into a lake upon the sur
face of which there were previously
some moderate waves. The latter
would be broken up and changed In
shape, but their frequency would prob
ably continue the same as before.
static waves Will peQeIIdIc any SUI
stance that radio waves can penetrate.
@. Where was Mary Garden born7-
E. G.
A. She was born in Aberdeen, Scot
land, February 20, 1877. She came to
America at the age of 6, with her
parents.
@. What is Rim Tin-Tin's pedigree?
W. c. L.
A. Lee Duncan, an Army aviator, Is
the owner and trainer Of Rin-Tin-Tin.
He found this German police dog and
five puppies not far from st. Mihiel, IN
France.
@. Does the Government still coin
silver dollars?-C. E. D.
A. The coinage of the silver dollar
was discontinued in 1928. There Is no
existing law that authorizes further
coinage.
@. Why is a certain shade Of red
hair called Titian?-M. J. P.
A. The famous artist Titan often
painted women with dark red-gold hair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
Highligghts ON the Wide World
Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands

-four. The confectionery industry has
increased its output seven times, COM
pared with 1912. and now employs 49,
500 people. Employees of the sugar in
duStry have decreased from 114,800 in
1912 to 102, 500 in 1880, but during this
same period the output CT graduated
sugar has increased from 10000 900
centnerS Ga centner-50 kilograms
1923 pounds.
See in Runaways
Breakdown of Family System.
The Japan Advertiser, Tokio-The
Metropolitan Police Board handled 1871
cas5s of youthful runaways from home
last year and the authorities are con-
cerned over the annual increase, ex-
tending over period of years, because
they fear it indicates gradual break
ing up of the japanese family system
This belief has caused the Metropolitan
Police Board to keep records of such
cases with particular care.
An even greater number of runaways
Is indicated for the present year. There
were 1853 cases actually reported In
January, 1,789 in February and, as the
number usually rises during the Spring,
the police expected even more during
April and May.
Mr.. Atsumu Takeoka, director of the
municipal department in charge of such
cases, believes that the increase is due
to the gradual disintegration of the jap
anese family system. whether the fam
lily system will survive is a question we
cannot answer" he told representa-
tive of the Japan Advertiser. But we
are studying all runaway cases that
come under our jurisdiction in the
hope of obtaining from them valuable
data on this question.
"Of last years cases only $50 are
actually listed with love affairs as the
cause, but close examination of the
other cases shows that hundreds of 9TH
ers were indirectly due to this. Practi-
cally all of the $500 women who ran
away from home were thus motivated,
either directly or indirectly. In most of
the cases classified under domestic dis
cord, that discord was due to an affair
of the heart"
Mr.. Takeoka believed that the grad
ual failure of the family system was
primarily due to the attainment of more
independence by the nations youth
Women, especially, were obtaining a
greater measure of freedom, he pointed
out, and when their more independent
ideas came into conflict with the family
system it is only natural that some of
them should cut the Gordian knot by
leaving home.
Economic pressure also had part in
bringing about the increase in the num-
Der of cases last year, 900 of the run
aways having left home because they
could not find employment in their ma
tive field. Discord at home motivated
BAT, while 700 were lured by the at
fractions of city life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
Mccormick Reaper Held
Inevitable Farm Device
From The New York Times.

From the New York Times.
It would be idle to contend that the
invention of the reaper by Cyrus H.
Mccormick, just century ago, was
alone responsible for the new agricul-
tural order. Yet to him belongs the
credit of having wrought miracle
comparable with that which followed
in industry. Before he made his dra-
matte demonstration in the Valley Of
Virginia in July, 1881, farming was
the occupation of four out Of i've
Americans. Today less than IS per
cent of our population is so engaged.
In the last decade $500, 900 have drifted
to the cities. And still We grow more
wheat than we can sell.
To hail Mccormick as the pioneer
of reaper inventors is to belle the annals
of invention. A hundred mechanics
had preceded him. But it remained
for him brilliantly to organize in
machine elements separately invented
but never before effectively combined.
The story of the reaper Is therefore the
story of the steam engine, the teie-
graph, the airplane-of an evolution.
There is a time for the birth OF an
invention as there Is for the birth OF
a great leader: Mccormick appeared
on the scene just when the rich soil
west of the Alleghenies was ready for
the plow. Had he never been born
the reaper inevitably would have been
created.
What singled Mccormick out from
the impractical dreaming class to which
we owe our technical advances was
business genius. He ranks with Van
detbilt, Hill; Carnegie and Ford. In
is years he made himself millionaire,
even after his patent had expired. Yet
he was more than mere money-maker:
He saw himself an fundamentally OF
Providence, charged with the duty OF
changing the whole character Of agri-
culture and with 1t the living habits
and economic status Of millions. He
found farmers welding the scythe ana
the fail. He left them riding ma
chine so admirably conceived that never
again was famine 70 Be feared y -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
Blaming the Dead Men.

The verdict of coroners jury hold
ing the train crew responsible for the
grade crossing accident at Berwyn will
undoubtedly take rank among fantastic
decisions. To hold the driver Of the
automobile, stalled between the gates
and on the right of way in the path OF
an approaching express train, blameless
is to take a conceivably reasonable view
of an unusual series of circumstances.
But to place the blame on the engine
crew, driving train at high speed over
a theoretically clear track and depend
irg on others to keep it clear, is to
charge them with not having done
something that it would have been
humanity impossible to do. Granting
the jury's finding that the engine crew
had clear vision of the crossing for half
a mile and granting that the engineer
saw the stalled automobile half mile
away, it is absurd to attribute his fall
ure to stop to any negligence on his
part. 1t would require mile or more
to bring a heavy train OF steel cars 10
a stop, running at the speed OF the Co
lumbar, one of the Baltimore & Ohlo's
fastest expresses. The trains brakes
were set when it hit the car. 1t ran
quarter of a mile beyond the crossing
before it could be brought to stop.
But the jury's ycrdict as faulty as 1t
NAV be in the light of practical con-
siderations, is not difficult to explain.
A fearful grade-crossing accident at
Berwyn several years ago resulted In
the installation of the gates. Before
that the crossing was lacking IN such
protection. Within the last few months
an accident at an unprotected grade
crossing at Lakeland, about mile from
Berwyn, took the lives of two persons
in an automobile. There have been
other grade crossing accidents at Ber-
vyn. There is an obvious feeling OF
resentment among the citizens that
takes form in condemnation of the rail-
road. and, in this case, rather blind
heaping of blame upon its employees in
charge of the train. The findings OF
the coroner's jury may not hold water
as an expert appraisal of personal re-
sponsibility, but it becomes another in
dictment of the always present risk
that results from grade crossings.
The evidence at the inquest raises
the question as to the adequacy Of the
gates at Berwyn. From the versions
of witnesses, the car ran on the cross
ing after one gate had been lowered,
and just as the other gate was coming
down. If the gates were properly syn
chronized, they would lower together,
and it is obvious that had the gate on
TIE drivers side of the track been down,
the accident may have been prevented.
The gates are supposed to be lowered
when the ticker in the depot begins
to sound, and the ticker begins to
sound when the train is about mile
away. With the train travelling at sixty
miles an hour, this gives the Waterman
only minute to lower the gates.
Ninety-nine times out of a hun
dred that might be ample warning.
But in this case it was not. A re-
porter, clocking the warning bell and
the lowering of the gates last night,
found that only fifty seconds elapsed
between the time that the bell began
to ring and the train Numbered over
the crossing That is cutting the warn
ing too short
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

A half-grown police dog, without
collar or tag, stood in the middle OF
the block, waiting for friendly glance
The moment passerby would bcstow
upon him look or word, the dog would
prance up to him and wag his tail
delightedly.
He was looking for a master.
His coat, however, was rough and
unkempt, and the rear of his back was
so covered with peculiar growth that
few men gave him more than a glance
Poor thing!" declared several women
No one seemed to want to take him
along, however.
The dog appeared to perceive this,
After he had followed each passerby
down the block, and had received no
more glances, he invariably gave up
and waited for some one else.
The last we saw of him he was still
waiting, his large brown eyes pleading
for a master.
X X *
Many dogs who have owners do not
get much better care taken OF them.
A dog is a dirty animal, by nature
and needs particular care in Summer.
We hope no friend Of dogs mirGs us
branding the dog as dirtS.
We are as much a friend OF dogs as
any, and more so than most.
But the dog is not clean animal.
Therefore it needs special care.
No matter how well dog Is bathed,
it will become smelly again In few
days, during such sultry weather as
has visited this vicinity during the past
few weeks.
The first care of the dog, n hot
weather, however, is lot so much the
external application CT water as the
internal administration of the same.
The well watered dog is the we'll dog.
Many of the cases OF fits, mistakenly
called rabies" which occur every
Summer, might be prevented II owners
everywhere would make sure that their
pets receive bountiful supply OF
drinking water.
The heat will evaporate a pan OF
water in no time. The fat design OF
the average watering pan helps evapo-
ration. 1t is necessary to see to 1t
that such pans are kept full, especially
in the afternoon.
Children are not good guardians OF
dogs and should not be depended upon,
except in unusual cases, for this neces-
sary aid to the household pet.
Cleanliness Is the next demand OF
the dog in Summer.
Without a thorough bath at requisite
intervals a dog is going to suffer; not
only from fieas, but from the danger
of mango and other skin diseases.
Dogs perspire through their tongues,
true enough, but evidently they also
lose waste products through their entire
skin surface.
Dogs, no less than human beings,
feel better and look better for plenti-
full bathing in Summer.
Surely it Is a nuisance to battle a
dog. Ordinarily the dogs enjoy the
process no more than their masters.
But one must admit that most of our
four legged friends seem to know that
the process is necessary and are will
ing to stand for it, both literally and
flguratively.
The better flea soaps on the market
are very good soaps, indeed, and will
do as well for master as for dog, eS-
pecially if the former has reason to
suspect that the feas have forsaken
the dog.
Some claim that fieas will not desert
cat or dog for human being, but
such claimants are persons VINO, for
obscure reasons, feas will not bite.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

! Expert researchers, who can get you
any information on any subject, are
at your command, without charge to
you. A 2-cent stamp will bring you a
personal answer to any inquiry Of fact
you may make. Thousands Of news
Try it today. Make your inquiry easily
read and easily understood and address
The Evening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic j. Haskn, Director, Washing
ton, D. c.
Q. A went fishing and sent home
| fish not cleaned, packed in ice and
sawdust. 3 sent his fish home cleaned.
Which Is the better way?-D. B. S,
A. The Bureau of Fisheries says that
| If in transporting fish not more than
four hours is required, it is not objec-
tionable to send the fish not cleaned
| If, however, the time will amount to
more than four hours, the fish should
be cleaned, giving special attention to
the removal of the gills and the blood
| which Is concentrated along the back
| bone. The viscera should also be re-
| moved, and the fish then shipped in ice
and sawduSt.
9. What will be the cost Of the
new Mormon Church in Washington.
D CIV. F..
A. The new meeting house of the
Mormons in the Capital will cost about
branch of similar size outside Of Salt
LSke City.
9. In what American cities has street
railway service been entirely aban-
dcned?-J. L.
A. Reno, New, is the only city which
has abandoned street cars and removed
the tracks. Buses have been substi-
! t,ited to some extent, and where such
substitution has been regarded as per-
manent, tracks have been taken up.
company passengers, 1000, 900 900 are
carried by bus. Since the introduction
Of the private automobile IL per cent
OF street railway tracks has been aban-
doned.
@. Is the heat in an attic in Sum-
ner high enough to cause spontaneous
combuStion?-F. E. H.
A. The Bureau of Standards says the
temperatures produced in attics are
never high enough to cause ignition
of ordinary combustible materials not
subject to spontaneous heating. These
temperatures would not be expected to
exceed 100 or 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
The ignition temperature OF cellulose
materials, such as wood and paper, Is
over 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
@. Who first advanced the theory of
disarmament and world peace?-
A. P. S.
A. It is not a new theory. There
are many accounts of efforts in CLASH
cal literature and in the writings of
the church fathers, but no serious
efforts seem to have been made until
1862, when Gregory, King of Bohemia,
announced plans for the federation Of
Christian nations with an international
parliament to discuss international
matters and a tribunal backed by in
ternational military forces to hear and
determine all international disputes.
@. When were United States adhesive
postage stamps first put on Sale?-W.
B. T.
A. They were first issued under the
act of March 8, 1847, and placed on sale
in New York July l, 1847.
@. What causes trade winds?-M
E. T.
A. The trade winds are steady winds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Distinctions.

Distinctions.
When Mr.. Man looks out and sees
The CLINT of sunshine on the tres
He shuts his desk and says it's just
Another case of "wanderlust."
When Mrs. Lady hates the cares
Of home and for a scene prepares
Which will express her discomfort
That is a case of temperament.
But when, as vernal days draw near,
The hired man shirks his toll severe
And turns up peevish, more or less
That's ordinary laziness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

SensitiveneSs to mention Of the
British surrender at Yorktown is hardly
to be expected at this late day. The
Fourth of July has been celebrated year
after year with no protests except from
overworked doctors and fire insurance
officials.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

Increase of rates for freight carrying
will benefit railroads. Even greater
benefit will be realized from the indus
trial recovery now on the way which
will open markets and offer more
freight to be carried.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

Events in European finance are re-
ferred to as moving with extraordinary
rapidity. 1t is well known that nothing
causes human nature to give more
evidence of hurry than the necessity of
handling note that is going to protest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

Presidential band wagons promise to
become so numerous that special reg
ulations may have to be made to insure
orderly conditions in congested cam
paign areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

Potatoes are suggested as a source of
the substance that provides the sticki-
ness for postage stamps. The list of
experts required by the Post Office De-
partment may yet have to include
dietitian.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
All Other States and Canada.
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
TO the Use for republication of all news dis
patches credited to it or not otherwise cred
tied in this paper and also the local news
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

Russian politicians will scarcely re-
gard Germanys one-year moratorium as
likely to prove satisfactory. Nothing
short of five-year plan appeals to.the
Soviet reconstructionist.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-23

When asked to extend credit, Uncle
Sam cannot reasonably Be denied the
privilege exercised by any banker from
whom funds are desired, of asking mi
mute information as to the purposes for
which the loan is to be used.