davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11

so the particular battle in which the
casualty occurred could not be identi-
fed. II we had given the names to the
press at home. Immediately that would
have been the equivalent to telling the
enemy the engagement in which they
occurred. The French published no
lists, but the information was sent to
the local mayor, who in turn notified
the family Of the soldier, at the same
time extending his condolences. Con-
trasted with this quiet, sympathetic
the method Of publishing column after
column Of killed and wounded in the
papers which people would eagerly scan
day after day seemed inconsiderate and
cruel.
Decorations Knotty Problem.
The problem of decorations in our
Army had long been q knotty one, and
except for the Medal of Honor and the
Certificate of Merit we had only cam
paign badges and those given for marks
manship. The allies desired to confer
their decorations on our men who
served with distinction under them, but
we were not permitted to accept for
eign decorations without permission
from Congress.
There IS no doubt that some sort of
visible evidence Of exceptional military
service arouses pride and stimulates
effort. The generous beStowal of deco
rations in each allied army by its COM
mander in chief was unquestionably an
important factor in maintaining the
morale OF their troops. Our own Medal
OF Honor had inspired many O heroic
act.
AS It was a matter of Importance TO
our ofilcers and men, the whole question
Of decorations was taken up by the War
Department on my suggestion, with the
result that congressional action estab-
ished certain medals of our own and
authorized our soldiers to receive those
of foreign governments.
The medals created by Congress at
this time were the Distinguished Service
Cross for extraordinary herotsm In con-
nection with military operations against
an armed enemy, and the Distinguished
Service Medal for exceptional meritori-
Gus service in position of great re-
sponsibility, which replaced the certifl-
cate of merit. There were in addition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11
HOUSE NARROWS
BONUS PROPOSALS
BaCharaCh Loan Increase
and Fish Part Payment Pro-
posaIs Left for Study.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The House Ways and Means Com
mittee today narrowed consideration of
veterans relief legislation to two pro-
posals-one to increase loans and the
other to pay one-fourth the face value
of the certificates.
The committee Is expected to ap-
prove one Of the proposals tomorrow.
The loan plan is along the lines sug-
gested by Representative Bacharach.
Republican, New Jersey, and would cost
about $5OO,O00,O00. The one-fourth
payment plan Is sponsored by Repre-
sentative Fish, Republican, New York.
Cost Held 100000.
Veterans Administrator Hines has es-
timated the Fish proposal would cost ap-
proximatelY $s5O,0OO,OOO.
! The committee continued deliberation
after voting down three veterans pro-
posals.
Chairman Hawley announced the
plan for immediate redemption in full
Of the certificates was eliminated by q
13-to-5 vote. This was the Brookhart-
Patman proposal, involving an estimat-
ed outlay of $s.4oo,Ooo.0oo
Garner Plan Rejected.
The committee then voted down, 10
to 13, EIawley said, the Garner plan
for adjusted service pay plus 20 per
cent, with 4 per cent compound IN
terest added.
Gen. Hines estimated this would cost
S2,1O6, 100000 II all veterans took 1t.
The committee voted down, 10 to 1Si
q modification of the Garner plan.
Hawley said that details OF the loan
plan were being worked out, to be pre-
scented tomorrow. Representatives Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11

to the Medal of Honor, our highest
decoration, established in 1862, for gall
lantry and intrepidity at the risk of life
above and beyond the call of duty. The
award Of the Certificate of Merit was
discontinued.
Authority was also eventually given
the War Department to confer our dec
orations on allied officers and men who
had rendered deserving service with our
armies. The different grades of medals
In the various countries were not en-
tirely the same as ours. We had none
that corresponded to the French or
Belgian Croix de Guerre. There ought
to have been one for gallantry in action
somewhat less conspicuous than that
covered by the Medal of Honor or the
Distinguished Service Cross. made a
recommendation to this effect, but
nothing came Of It,
Medals Promote Friendship.
There were thousands of instances in
our armies where a medal of this class
should have been bestowed. We were
as liberal in decorating allied officers
and men as the provisions Of our law
would permit, and there Is no doubt
that the exchange of decorations helped
materially to promote friendly rela-
tons.
Secretary Baker arrived at Brest
March 10, as my diary showed, and
met him and his party in Paris the
next morning. The Secretary's party
consisted OF Maj. Gen. w. M. Black,
chief OF Engineers; Lieut.. Col. M. l.
Brett, Comdr. r. D. White Of the Navy,
and Mr. Ralph Hayes, his secretary.
It was essential that the Secretary re-
ceive every opportunity to inspect our
whole layout, from the front areas to
the services Of supply, that he might
become familiar with plans, observe the
progress made toward their completion
and obtain first-hand information of
our requirements, all of which he was
especially anxious 10 do. Leaving Paris
March IL, we inspected our most impor-
tant ports, depots, hospitals, regulating
stations, motor parks and schools, and
returned March II to my headquarters
at Chaumont.
The main Air Services School at Is
soudun, which we visited, was a hive
Of activity, being one Of the is schools
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11

money. They are dependent on the
bond market"
Mills pointed out that the largest
Government issue since, war time was
only slightly more than billion and
that this and all other issues OF the
past decade constituted refunding and
no appeals for fresh funds such as
"The United States Treasury" he
said, sis not in a position TO undertake
such an operation except at an excess
sively high cost, which must inevitably
be reflected sooner or later IN an IN
creased burden of taxation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11
H00VER'S BACKING
FOR NAVY BILL SEEN
BY ITS ADVOCATE
Continued From First page.)

lContinued From First Page)
ment, said he was "out Of STEP with
those who believed the end Of the bat
tleShip was fast approaching because of
airplane effectiveness.
LET Us .ysrroSe that the airplane
could wipe every ship of the sea-" he
said. Which would be the last ship
TO go? Why, the battlsship, 81 course.
It has the greatest protection against
air attack with its batteries Of anti
aircraft guns, its heavier armor and
superior experimentation below the
water line
Nobody believes that the day viii
ever come when the plane will sweep the
seas Of all its ships, but based on the
foregoing analysis the battleships should
be the last existing vessels to CO." the
ordnance expert declared.
This airplane business is nav and
It's caught the imagination. There is
no question that 1t Is Q dangerous
weapon against any ship. but to hold
that it is invincible is to Jet magma
ton lead reason astray."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11

where early instruction in flying was
given. Gen. Foulois and Col. Kilner
went with us through the school, the
shops and the Red Cross and Y build
ings. I think the Secretary was SUP
prised to see here the really expert n.y.
ing considered necessary to prepare
aviators for their hazardous LIE at the
front.
Aviation has now developed into a
real fighting service, in contrast to the
early days of the war, when avtators of
opposing armies used to salute each
other as they passed on flights Of
hostile observation. By the time we
entered the war airplaneS were armed
and classified for different missions, and
the training was based upon certain
tactical principles Of attack and de-
tense, which our aviators had to learn
and practice. But it was necessary to
become an expert flyer to be an efficient
fighter either alone or in group for
nation.
In trench warfare the aerial photog-
raphy of the Air Services became the
main source of information of the
| enemy's positions from which firing
data Of the artillery was largely OBJ
tanned. Although this took careful
preparation, the rapidity with which
our aviators learned was remarkable.
At GievreS, about 125 miles directly
| south of Paris on our main line OF
/ supply running to the front, were 10000
men employed under Col. Charles j.
Symmonds, managing our largest in
| terror depot.
To illustrate the celebrity with which
| the system operated we need take but
one example, which occurred when
everything in the depot was in full
/ swing.
At s:I5 one morning in August a
telegram was received ordering exactly
1896 tons of supplies, including 1885,
0O0- cans of tomatoes, 100000 pounds
of sugar, 100000 cans of corned beef,
| ESQ., 900 pounds of timed hash and
| 10000 pounds of dry beans. At 6:l5
| O'Clock in the evening, or just 10 hours
later, this colossal requisition, which
required Asst cars for transport, was
loaded and on its way to the advance
depot.
No other place gave such an impress
sion of the tremendous task of supply
| ing our armies and the perfection Of
organization necessary to DO 1t en-
GENTLY.
The Secretary got birds-eye view
of the general plan which would pro-
| vide the supplies for an Army of 2,000,-
! 600. and which, with additional con-
struction, would be able to meet the
demands of an army twice that size.
! Back at Chaurnont received word
that arrangements had been made for
the shipment Of six divisions for train
ing with the British-the 77th, 82nd,
28th, 18th, S0th and 30th.
(Tomorrow--German offensive begins,
British lose heavily. Pershing offers
immediate add
! tCopyright, 1891, in all countries by the
North American Newspaper Alliance. World
rights reserved, including Scandinavian. Re-
production in whole or in part prohibited)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11

(Tomorrow--German offensive begins,
British lose heavily. Pershing offers
immediate add
Copyright, 1891, in all countries by the
North American Newspaper Alliance. World
rights reserved, including Scandinavian. Re-
production in whole or in part prohibited)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-11
AGAINST CASH BONUS.
Undersecretary Mills Tells Audience
Scheme Is bad.

Undersecretary Mills Tells Audience
Scheme IL bad.
By the Associated Press
NEW YORK, February 1i.-Opposi-
ton to any veterans legislation which
would require issuance Of bonds in con-
si@AsAe amounts was expressed today
by Undersecretary INNS Of the Treasury
Frankly" he said at Q luncheon OF
the Bond Club here, az don't see how
we could undertake to supply funds for
this purpose in excess of the amount
that could be raised as part Of our cur
rent financing program"
Mills said plans advanced in Con-
gresS for increasing the loan value OF
the veterans compensation certificates
were drawn with more or less disregard
Of sound actuarial principles"
The proposition Of paying the face
value of the certificates now he termed
indefensible. The undersecretary pre-
dicted deficit of not less than half q
billion dollars at the end Of the fiscal
year.
Not to Veterans Advantage.
"I need hardly say" he continued
that we have all sympathy for the
veterans who are unemployed or whose
resources have been so restricted by the
present depression as to cause them
distress. But from the standpoint
Of all the veterans and Of their families
it Is clear that it is not to their best
interest for the Government to offer to
all, irrespective of need, an inducement
to cash in their endowment policies and
ton, or even to offer them an induce
n1ent to borrow and so deplete the value
Of their endowment policies.
"The great trouble with the measures
so far introduced is that while purport-
ing to be based on a desire to afford
relief to veterans because of temporary
need, they have not been designed fol
meeting such restricted purpose, but
have gone much further.
In SO far as the Treasury Department
is concerned, it was and Is our plain
duty to point out to the Congress anc
to the country the very grave dangers
involved in the proposals heretofore
submitted, no matter how well meant
Mills said sale by the Government Of
as much as billion IN new bonds, al
rate high enough to attract buyers
at least per cerlt-would paralyze the
bond market and halt the flow Of in
vestment funds.
Dependent on Bond Market.
att is to the bond market that we
look in times like these for the first
stages Of business recovery. Increased
employment, restored pay rolls and the
consequent enlarged purchasing power
of the people cannot be looked for to-
day through increased production o.
consumption goods; they must come
In the first instances, through capita.
expenditures. the kind of capital ex.
penditures in the way of improvement
and development of plant that car
proftably be made in periods of cheaT
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
D. {. FESTIVAL.
STARTS.FEB.22. F..

The February % program of
the District Bicentennial Commits
sion is to be staged at the east
front of the Capitol instead of at
the base of the Washington Mon
ument as originally planned.
The change was announced by
DR.. George c. Havenner, executive
vice chairman of the commission
following a meeting of the execu-
tive committee. TIL new plan
hooks up closely with the plans
of the Federal Commission.
The District program will fol-
low Immediately after President
Hoover addresses the joint session
of Congress on Washington's
birthday.
The President is expected to
make a brief talk as he emergeS
from the Capitol, following which
he will go to Mt. Vernon and
Alexandria.
Details of the District observ-
ance on Washington's birthday
are being worked out and will be
announced later.
A chorus consisting of 10000
school children and 1000 adults
is being recruited as one of the
principal features.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
Special Election Needed
To Fill Vacancy

The Arkansan was known as the
friend of the farmer and the
man in the street." He led the
fight for liberal Federal aid to
drought sufferers, and was at the
time Of his death in the midst of
a fight to regulate short selling
on agricultural commodity ex-
changes.
Caraway had been in the Sen.
ate since 1920, coming from the
House Of Representatives, where
he had served seven years. His
term would have expired in
March. 1888.
Began As Farmland
He was born October II, 1871.
and came to the Senate after a
life begun as a farm hand. He
went from the farm to railway
tracks as a section worker, and
was at various times a book agent,
teacher and lawyer. Always, Car.
away insisted he was a plain
man."
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
CHILD POVERTY
/. RECT|F|ED
ImD@s 2@,' ,7@

The pitiful story of scores of
children in southeast Washing
ton who are forced to turn their
backs on school doors for days
at a time because they have no
clothing was unfolded today by
Mrs. George P. Barse. president
of the ParentTeacher Associa-
ton Of the Bryan School.
How little girls are ashamed to
appear before their classmates in
rags and shoes through which
their toes peep out lust sends
the shivers up ones spine," Mrs.
BarSe said.
Through the efforts of her Or
pganizatin, Mrs. Barse declared,
more than 300 pieces of clothing
have been collected for distribu-
tion among the needy children of
the neighborhood. The association,
she said, has been ably assisted
by Miss A. M. Crook, principal of
the school.
Mrs. BarSe related the story of
finding a 14-year-old girl bending
over washtub at her home who
had not been to school for four
days because her shoes were worn
out.
Another little girl, Mrs. Barse
said, hardly big enough for the
kindergarten class which she at
tended, walked into the classroom
one morning garbed in a long
dress that reached to her ankles.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
7 RUNK SLAYER
VERY SICK
international Photo

PHOENIX, Ariz., Nov. Z GN.S0
Her preliminary hearing sched-
uled for Monday, Mrs. Ruth Judd,
26, slayer of Agnes Leroi and
Hedwig Samuelson, was under "a
hour guard today.
Sheriff j.. C. McFadden said
that Mrs. Judd has made several
peculiar remarks the last day or
two that have made us sus'
picious."
He admitted Mrs. Judd was "a
very sick woman"
Mrs. Judd, jail attaches said,
has lost weight steadily since be-
ing brought from Los Angeles,
where she surrendered and con-
fessed the trunk murders. She
has taken little nourishment since
being confined in Jail here.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
ROCHE APPEALS
FOR CLAYTON

A final appeal for votes in sup
port of William NICK. Clayton
for the presidency of the Fedora
ton Of Citizens Associations was
made today by Sidney Roche,
delegate of the Connecticut Ave
nut Association.
The federation will stage it's
annual election tonight in the
District Building board room. Mr..
Clayton is opposing DR.. George
C. Havenner, who is seeking a
fourth consecutive term as presi-
dent.
Mr.. Roche's appeal points out
the excellent record made by Mr..
Clayton in his 81 years of civic
work and as chairman of the fed
eration's public utilities commit
tee. It also says the organiza-
ton has work to do and DR..
Havenner also has work to do"
reminding the delegates of the
stand taken by other supporters
of Mr.. Clayton on the ground
that DR.. Havenner's duties with
the District Bicentennial Commis-
sion will not afforC. him ample
time for federation work.
George E. Sullivan was sup
ported for the vice presidency in
the appeal. Mr.. Sullivan will run
against H. E. Young. Support of
the delegates to re-elect David
Babp as secretary was urged by
Mr.. Roche. The other candidate
for secretary is H. C. Phillips.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
Gigolo. and His Paran10ur
In Drab Puppet Show

NEW YORK. Nov. Z QN.S0
Another puppet show is on view
at the Queens county courthouse.
Here in the same red brick
building where Ruth Snyder and
Judd Gray were whisked through
their last public appearance, an
other woman and her lover are
going through the emotions of
fighting for their lives, following
the murder of the woman's hus-
band.
It isn't as good a show as that
which brought the crowds to the
stone steps of the courthouse in
1928, for the heroine today is a
withered little woman of 81, and
the hero, young, blonde and in
scrutable, is known as a "gigolo." :"
Mrs. Amy Conlin, whose theme
song, like Ruth Snyder's, is: "I
wanted happiness" and James
Pembrock De Pew, the 23-year-old
youth who is charged with having
shot John T. Conlin in the course
of a holdup, sit at the oaken table
in the room beneath that which
was the Snyder-Gray arena.
Mrs. Conlin is undersized, hol-
low-cheeked, drab. De Pew is ex-
pressionless. boy who once looked
like a collar advertisement but
who now seems bathed in a sickly
yellow light.
They are charged with plotting
to rob Conlin to obtain funds for
Mrs. Conlin's divorce. Conlin was
shot in the struggle that netted
a paltry $63.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
DEATH H BLAMED.
To CLOGGED
arteries
Arkansas Senator Is Widely
Mourned Both in Capt.
tai and at Home

LITTLE ROCK, Ark, Nov. z
1N.S0-Arkansas today mourned
the death Of Thaddeus H. Cara
way, the forceful United States
Senator and Democratic states
man, who suddenly passed away
last night in a hospital here.
Death came unexpectedly when
the Senator was believed to be on
the road to recovery, following a
kidney operation which he under
went october 20. He was go
years old.
Heart Arteries ClOgged
Physicians said the immediate
cause of death was the stoppage
Of arteries feeding the heart
muscles.
Shortly before he died, Senator
Caraway was engaged in a happy
conversation with his wife. After
Mrs. Caraway left the room, the
Senator complained Of acute pains
and a nurse summoned Mrs.
Caraway. She returned to find
her husband had died.
Funeral plans were being made
today. Besides the widow, Sen
ator Caraway is survived by three
sons, Lieut.. Paul Caraway, U. s.
A., stationed at Washington;
Lieut.. Forrest Caraway, U. S. A.,
stationed at Fort Washington,
Md, and Robert Caraway, a stu
dent in Washington.
A COIOrfuI Figure
The Senator during his long
career had come to be known as
one Of the most colorful figures in
Washington. He had served four
terms in the House of Representa-
tives and was serving his second
term in the United States Senate.
His home was at JoneSboro, Ark.
In a statement expressing sor-
row at Senator Caraway's death,
Senator Joseph T. Robinson
pointed out that the vacancy
must be filled by an election.
Said Senator Robinson:
"Under Arkansas statutes,
the vacancy having arisen
mOIe than one year before the
general election, the governor
has no power to appoint, and
1t will be necessary to call q
special election within not less
than 80 nor more than 12O
days"
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
NUM- EXHIBIT
0PENSHERE

The, eight.day chrysanthemum
show OF the Department of Agri-
culture at the departments green
houses, Fourteenth Street and
Constitution Avenue Northwest,
opened today.
Plans are made to handle a
large number all next week.. The
show will close next Sunday
night.
Mrs. Herbert Hoover was sched-
uled to visit the show today. In
the absence Of Secretary Arthur
M. Hyde and family, no formal
rites marked the opening.
The thousands of flowers, all
potted, range up to seven feet tall,
and include various solid 'colors
and interesting cross-breeds of
rich and delicate hues.
All varieties are named for
prominent persons or otherwise.
Even little Peggy Ann Hoover is
thus honored, her flowers being
tiny but lovely.
The Washington times., 1931-11-07
THREETHEOR|ES
ADVANCED FOR
PLANE CRASH
Error by Pilot or Failure of
Plane Among PossibiIi-
ties Considered

PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 2.
Three possible causes were ad-
vanced at Central Airport today
for the crash of the Ludington
air liner express in which five
men were killed on Thursday.
They were:
/. That the pilot made an
error in judgment due to the
darkness.
2. That the controls failed at
a critical moment.
3. That the engine failed to
pick up as the pilot saw he
was losing flying speed.
No Inquest to Be Held
Any one OF these, it was said,
would have sent the plane crash
ing to the ground as it did, less
than 800 yards away from Gen.
tral Airport, when it was coming
into a landing.
Coroner Melvin Cain, Of Cam
den, announced there would be no
inquest. However, it was his be-
lief that the victims of the Lock-
heed Orion cabin monoplane were
killed in the crash and not by the
flames.
Three of the men were found to
have fractured skulls. They died
instantly, according to Cain. The
other two also are believed to
have perished at the same time.
Inspectors Investigate
The investigation into the crash
is being carried on by the Depart
ment Of Commerce aeronautic in
spectors in this district and by the
Ludington company.
A twisted mass Of metal and
some charred wood we're the only
clues with which they had to
work.
The investigators said the exact
cause probably never would be
known.
Speed Line Suspended
In an official statement last
night, c. T. Ludington, chair.
man of the board of Ludington
enterprises, said the 68-minutO
Washington-New York service
would be discontinued pending
the investigation. Regular hourly
plane service will continue as
usual.
Another high-speed plane was
available, he said, but the line
desired to ascertain all possible
facts before resuming service.
The Department of Commerce
investigation is being conducted
by Chester Charles and Harry M.
Agerter. aeronautical inspectors.
Theodore Epprach assistant
manager or the airport; Paul
Collins, vice president Of the
line; j. w. Markeim, and w.
Sanger Green, former Commerce
inspector and now an official OF
the Ludington lines, assisted.
The report will be forwarded
to Assistant Secretary Clarence
Young and, if the usual practice
prevails, will not be withheld
from the public.