davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Head-On Collision of
Wheat SURPRISES Seen
BY HARDEN COLFAx.

The American farmer, evidently
like his fellows all over the world
is not going to decrease his acreage
planted to wheat to any considerable
extent. The Federal Farm Board,
therefore, it is learned from Govern
ment authorities, is facing the present
situation by advocating limitation on
marketing.
The 1881 harvest promises to add
greatly to the already unmanageable
surplus which the board now holds from
the crops of 1929 and 1880. This
reaches the figure Of between ESQ, 000,-
900 and 270,000,000 bushels. BY July
l, apparently, there will be head-on
collision OF two enormous surpluses.
The Wheat Advisory Committee,
which transmits the ideas of the CO.
operative associations to the Farm
Board, now advocates Withholding from
the market at least Is per cent of this
seasons harvest. The co-operativeS,
therefore, are attempting to sign up
the wheat growers of the Northwest In
general agreement to hold back a
quarter of their new crop and not let
it get to market.
X X \ r
The extGRt to which the wheat
was indicated this week by the reaction
in Europe and Latin America to the
story published few days ago in an
influential American newspaper to the
effect that the Federal Farm Board was
about to dump" 35,o00,000 bushels
OF wheat in Europe at low prices.
The Farm Board, however, has never
had any intention of dumping" wheat
anywhere. Such action, said Chairman
Stone, in a public statement, would
"depress prices abroad and this, in turn,
would react on the United States mar
ket, causing lower domestic prices" The
boards only two announcements in
d1cating policy were made public sew
eral weeks ago, he pointed out. They
were I'D That an effort will be made
to sell abroad by July /, $4,000, 900
bushels Of .out-of- position wheat stored
at Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Northwest
seaports, and Cd That sterilization
purchases viii not be made from the
1881 crop" This stock of $4,000, 900
bushels, being on the coast, cannot be
sent inland except at an increased price
because OF transportation charges. The
boards policy is, not to dump" but
to ease OF" as the market will permit.
Probably not much Of the boards hold
ings can be sold abroad before July /
In any event.
BY that date, it is expected, the de-
mand for wheat from Europe will be
strengthened. According to our Gov
eminent representatives in Paris and
London, 1t was learned today, estimates
abroad do not agree with the views
credited to the Farm Board regarding
the favorable grain situation in Europe
as compared with that Of year and a
half ago. Chairman Stone of the
board stated that world wheat prices
being very low, there will probably be
reduction in acreage in the principal
producing countries next season. He Is
also quoted as saying that because of
the present wv stocks IN Europe we
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Two Schools of Thought Regarding
Wage Cutting in Depression Time

that by the end Of that period the al
legged economic Justification for "the
liquidation Of labor" will have passed
away.
r 4
The most immediate and the biggest
question in the field of possible wage
and salary reductions at this moment
has been thought by some to be in the
of railroad officials and of railroad
trade union leaders in New York City
have been suspected of being directed
toward readjustment of the hourly
and weekly and monthly income rates
Of railroad employees. On inquiry from
authoritative sources, however, this
writer Is assured that the conferences
were concerned not with wages and
salaries as such, but with q proposed
shortening of working time.
Specifically it is stated that repre-
sentatives of railroad employees are re-
questing basic six-hour day to re-
place a basic eight-hour day. 1t Is
surmised that II they do not secure q
basic six-hour day by negotiation with
railroad officials they will endeavor to
secure it by legislation,in the next ses-
sion of the Congress in December.
reducing hourly rates of wages. Their
aim IS also, through the shortening Of
hours, to get voorhees, railroad employees
back to work. They point out that the
railroad pay roll to labor has sl1runk enor-
lnously during the last decade. In 1920
So per cent of all railroad revenue went
to wages. BY 1927 the percentage going
to wages had been reduced from SO to
AZ. Today it Is even q bit lower.
X X \ X
There can be no doubt that the ad-
ministration will in general principle
stand behind the railroad employees If
they refuse to allow working time re-
duction to be made the occasion for
direct or indirect wage reduction. The
theory to which the administration
steadfastly holds Is that the return of
prosperity depends upon the return Of
the willingness to buy and that moth
ing could more discourage and destroy
that willingness than campaign for
the cutting Of wages and salaries and
the reducing thus Of purchasing power.
(Copyright, 1e31)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
The Cost of Carelessness.

President Henry Of the American
Automobile Association appeals to the
drivers Of the country, at the outset of
the annual great outdoors season, TO
look upon responsibility at the wheel
as the FIRST and major requisite for
greater safety" on the road. Realizing
that we Americans tnhabit land where
figures talk, Mr.. Henry declares that an
analysis Of the $4,000 motor fatalities
and CSC, 900 injuries in 1880 demon
strates that the carelessness Of drivers
Is the biggest single cause Of the steadily
! increasing total of automobile accidents.
It Is Q common Misrepresentation that
the growing congestion Of streets and
rural highways with cars Is the ex-
PLANTATION Of the mounting casualty list.
As o matter Of fact, according to the
A. A. A. figures. the increase in motor
vehicle registration last year was less
than one per cent, while automobile
accidents increased twelve per cent,
fatalities four per cent, and injuries
thirteen per cent. Nearly half Of the
fatalities were due to automobiles
striking pedestrians. Almost exactly
one-half Of the injuries were due To
collisions between automobiles.
President Henry points out the sig
nincant circumstance that roundly q
third Of the drivers causing accidents
did not have the right Of way. Some
sixteen per cent Of them were on the
wrong side Of the road. All these tell
tale statistics, in the A. A. A. executives
opinion. Justify the contention that
greater watchfulness and vigilance "at
the wheel" are the things essentially
required II life on the roads Of the
UniteA States u not 10 become--as 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

has already nearly become-aS cheap
as It Is on the battlefield.
Now and then the view II advanced
that the death-roll attributable to the
automobile is traceable In large degree
to liquor. Whether this be 90 or not.
the trafic authorities Of the Nation
cannot be too strongly urged to proceed
ruthlessly against drunkenness "at the
wheel" The American Automobile
Associations analysis Of motor accidents
would have been highly instructive II
1t could have explored the extent to
which alcoholism Is affecting our me-
chanical era, in so far as motorized
transport Is concerned. The wheel is
one place where q clear head and q
steady hand are Of literally vital
importance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

may expect advancing prices, or in
creased demand-or both.
European opinion, however, as reflect
ed in dispatches to the Department Of
Commerce, is to the effect that condi-
tionS in Europe and in Argentina and
Canada, while not as favorable as be-
lieved, do show signs of some "ameliora-
tion." The heretofore somewhat trucu-
lent tone of Russian comment has
abated and dispatches from Moscow
are quoting the Kremlin as hoping that,
If the Western world is afraid of Rus
sia's dumping" 90,000,000 bushels Of
wheat, the American Farm Board will
not add to the chaos by using the $780,
600, 900 it holds as a threat against the
worlds economic peace"
u X y II
It was reported from Paris on Thurs
day that. in view Of the wheat short
age in France, the French government
has agreed to purchase larger amounts
from abroad than had been intended.
A government decree has just been is
sued increasing from Is to 80 per cent
the percentage of foreign wheat allowed
with native wheat. Further increases,
it Is believed, will be permitted in the
near future. This opens the way for
French millers to buy more freely in
foreign markets. 1t is hoped that, in
view of the shortage in France, some IS
per cent of the imports will come from
North America. The amount which will
come from the United States depends
upon the relation of the Canadian
price, figuring on the superiority OF Ca
madam wheat.
While it is too early to give final fig
ures on the total stocks Of grain in Cam
ada, the representative of the Depart
ment Of Commerce at Ottawa has re-
ported that on April / such stocks
were the largest on record-the greatest
increase being in the farmers hands.
An amazing statement. credited to one
Of the largest individual wheat farmers
in the country lwho has been advising"
Soviet Russia on agricultural problems) i,
was made few days ago. He referred
to the Biblical story of Egypt and the
seven fat and seven lean years, and
gave it as his opinion that, as a safe
guard against possible future war,
famine and pestilence," the United
States ought to keep on hand at all
times reserve of at least 10000, 900
bushels Of wheat.
toopyrisht. 1851 --------
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
'Women's Occupations
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN,

Woman has persistently shared in
the work of providing the trinity Of
living fundamentalS-food, shelter and
raiment-from the beginnings of the
race and modern life shows how she
has stuck to that job.
The cave woman kept the home fires
burning and prepared the food when
the first dawnings Of civilization die
tated that any preparation was desir-
able. She sewed the skins for the gar
ments to keep her man, herself and her
child from the cold. Those practices
remained hers down the ages with the
added task Of tilling the son, even to
the dragging Of the pillow when the pillow
was invented.
Later she spun yarn and wove cloth,
made holden gray and all that and,
began to preserve foods and store them
in receptacles.
The invention Of all manner Of ma
chinery and the introduction Of the
factory system Of production lifted out
OF the homestead q long catalogue Of
such homely duties.
The result was not the emancipation
OF woman from this work. She followed
the tasks out OF the home and into the
factory. Basically, the tasks were much
the same. The change was in the man
ner OF their performance. From the
broad economic aspect the principal
change was that woman's output was
multiplied. She produced more than
ever before, many-fold more. Where,
on spinning wheel and hand loom, she
had spun yards Of yarn and square
yards Of cloth, as operator Of the mod
ern machine she produces miles of the
tribution has multiplied.
Furthermore, under the new dispen-
Sation, she receives real money for her
efforts, though precious little Of It, Al
though at work in the factory for q
century. woman has not multiplied her
earnings in manner at all commen-
surate with her multiplication of pro-
duction. In addition. the majority of
Wage-earning women have several hours
OF home duties to perform on top of
the hours they spend at their machines.
be they looms or typewriters.
Work Similar TO Home Duties.
From s,50o,ooo to 100000 women
now are engaged in gainful occupations
In the United States, gainful In the
sense that they are paid In money for
their services. There is q tendency to
think Of the modern working woman
as the stenographer, the typist, the girl
who works in department or specially
store, the bookkeeper and the like. Ac-
tually, these do not make up the most
numerous class Of woman workers, They
have, relatively, the lighter tasks. They
are not primarily the ones who have
followed their age-old work from the
home to the factory, but are CRAFTS ON
the newer forms Of endeavor which has
to do with the superficialities in con.
traSt with the realities which are the
producing of the prime essentials Of Life.
There still are q great many women
who are employed for money wages in
domestic service. This may mean cook
ing and other housework In the homes
OF persons enjoying a higher economic
stratum, but it also includes the nu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Time to Decide.

It Is highly desirable that the final
plans for the Children's Tuberculosis
Sanatorium represent the latest ideas
on the design of such institutions and
that there be rs much unanimity Of
opinion as possible among the profess
sionally interested advisers. In appoint
ing q committee Of local government
officials to decide on the principles to
be followed In preparation Of the plans,
the Commissioners are pursuing the
accepted procedure in such matters.
But It Is to be hoped that the recon-
mendations Of this committee will be
final, lest the District succumb to the
difaculties that beset Mr.. Mines
sailor
who had so many things
That he wanted to do
That whenever he thought
That he ought to begin
He couldn't because Of the state
he was In"
The extent Of the difficulties faced
by the authorities In deciding upon the
general nature OF design OF the hospital
is not clear. It appears that the draft
proposed by the municipal architect
suggests Q one-story type Of building.
and that, according to the latest in
formation available, the one-story type
Of building Is fundamentally wrong.
Taking this as q warning, Assistant
Engineer Commissioner Robb believes
that other features may, on the basis
Of latest or later information. also be
criticized as antique and outworn. He
Is anxious that the information be
received in time to correct mistakes.
HAVING engaged the services OF a
special architectural consultant to assist
in the final preparation Of the plans,
the committee ought to be able to
digest the various theories Is to the
best type Of construction and, making
UP its mind, stick to 1t. 1t Is the fate
Of public officials to have to make de-
cisions. As q matter Of fact, that is
what they are paid for.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

merous army Of hotel chambermaidS.
Mattresses, dtShwaSherS, charwognen.
etc. This class accounts for more than
Is per cent Of all the women gainfully
employed.
those who toll At the looms IA tsx.
the cigarette machine operators md th6
handlers Of all manner Of machines
under the factory system constitute the
next most numerous class. More than
~ per cent Of al woman workers are
to be found IN such employment In
agriculture, forestry and animal hus-
bandry are found more than IL per
cent Of all employed women.
On the streets Of the cities Il a
somewhat natural to CLEAN the impress
sion that the working women Of Amer
lea are the fur-coated lot who have
employment as stenographers, book
keepers and in allied clerical occupa-
tons. Only about II per cent-only
one-sixth-of the woman workers have
these relatively pleasant tasks. The
saleswomen in the stores, the midinettes
and mannequins, the cash girls and ali
those who are employed in the way
OF trade account for only about 8 per
cent Of All working women and girls.
Professional service, transportation and
public service account for the remain
ing minority.
Positions Not Well Paid.
The money rewards gained by most or
these women are small indeed. Tho
Government has not yet projected It's
inquiries to cover the entire country,
but II States have been surveyed in
studies Of the wages Of working women,
Among these States are communities
representative Of practically every phase
OF work done by women. OF the 10
GtaH0O 40 &INmA Af-
erage wage Is paid to woman workers
In Rhode Island. Yet this maximum
average is only about $3.50 q week.
certainly not q munincent return for six
days labor. The other Is States range
on downward from that maximum un-
til 1t Is found that In Mississippi, al
the bottom Of the list the woman work.
er averages only about $3.50 q week.
These averages pertain 70 factory work.
ers. not to the clean-hand employees, the
private secretaries and the like.
The Women's Bureau.
The Federal Government has estaba
Ished at washington Womens Bua
Teau in the Department Of Labor. which
concerns itself with the welfare Of these
millions Of woman workers. It has seA
up standards for the employment Of
women and uses its good ofdces TO sec
that these are maintained by employerS
These standards relate to minimum
wages, hours Of labor, working condi.
tons, the guarding of machinery with
safety devices to insure q minimum OF ac-
cidentS, sanitary surroundings and con-
veniences, and general solicitude for
the interests Of the woman who Is forced
by her economic status 10 share her
productive effort with employers. The
bureau never loses sight Of the fact, In
Its work for women, that a very large
number OF them have home duties equal
70 ana sometimes greater than those In
the place OF employment. The end Of
the factory or ONCE work shift means
but the beginning of the home shift.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Why Not Go All the Way2

The unrepreSented community OF
Wsshinetonians Is always grateful for
Senator Kings interest, shown more than
once In local affairs. One Is inclined
to believe, however, that there is more
significance in his realization Of the
need for accredited Spokesman Of the
community on the floors Of Congress
than there is practical value in his
proposal to supply thsse spokesman.
As he roughly outlines his suggestion
to municipal authoritseS, his proposal
will take the form Of a bill permitting
the Commissioners to designate one of
their number, or soma competent mem
Der Of the District government, as
spokesman for District affairs In the
House and Senate. This oficer would
presumably be ready at all times to ex-
plain the merits Of local legislation, to
defend the attacks that might be made
on District bills, and otherwise to Ill
the shoes Of Q handy man to members
of Congress who, too busy with other
duties to study District legislation be-
fore it reaches the floor, can call upon
him for enlightenment as to what it
means.
The desirability Of some such form Of
enlightenment Is at times painfully
obvious, o. Senator King recognizes
The right Of the residents Of the Dis
trict to have qualified spokesman In the
Congress which exacts tribute from
them In taxes in time Of peace and men
in time Of war and which governs them
through agents In no manner responsible
to the governed Is 30 clear that it can
not be denied. And Senator King is TO
be congratulated for deciding that
something should be done.
His proposal, however, falls far short
Of the mark. The spokesman whom he
suggests would apparently be given
privileges Of the noor, now enjoyed by
experts and statisticians summoned by
the legislators when important measures
are. under discussion, with the add
tional privilege Of answering questions
and joining In debate. But beyond
that. there Is nothing more. Any good
clerk could adequately fulfill the func-
tions Of the District spokesman" a
suggested BY senator King and In the
end It would probably be some good
clerk upon whom the task would de-
volve.
why not 20 the whole cloth? Recog-
mixing the need, why not supply that
need according to the principles and the
practices followed in every city, town
and hamlet Of the Nation except its
Capital7 Why not provide for the choice
Of Representatives In Congress by those
whom they are to represent? Why deny
the residents and citizens Of this one
community the elsewhere universal
right to elect their Representatives in
the body that governs them?
There Is no harm In Senator Kings
proposal. II Congress accepted 1t,
which Is doubtful, there would be no
danger, except the danger that lies In
giving the patient sugar-coated pills
when blood ana iron are needed. But
as the proposal carries no promise Of
any practical value, Senator King
would better serve the people OF the
District by abandoning 1t IN favor Of q
real effort to grant the voteless resi-
dents Of washington the American
right to fun and unqualified represen-
tatIon In the Congress, with the accom-
panying privilege Of participation In all
the national elections.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

To the average WaShingtonian there
seems to be no more reason for buying
his coal by the short ton than for buy
ing bread by the pound troy Of twelve
ounces. When it comes to the bakers
Dozen" however. he makes no kick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

A lingo policy Is not always re-
garded as necessary to national pride.
Intelligence sometimes requires Q Ger
tain difference to safety first"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

two Of these companies have already
entered upon the work of construction.
Large enterprises of this character are
planned and entered upon with o
promptness that indicates present pros
perity and entire confidence in its con-
tinuance and In the future growth end
deNelpnmelt 6 this eeszntzs 8
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

1t is Henry Fords good fortune to
provide employment for car builders
and for numerous extra policemen to
supervise their status In trafic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

Russian art Is recognized with frank
admiration. Soviet progress might be
facilitated by setting its demands for
political recognition to music.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

Now we know positively that Admiral
Byrd is really a great man. He is be-
ginning to be criticized by his aero
nautical contemporaries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

Finance b sometimes regretfully re-
quired to mention not only deeds Of
trust, but also misdeeds Of trust.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

Destruction Of once reliable source
Of profits leads the Virgin Islands to re-
quest not only farm relief. but rum
relief.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
How About the Port?

From the GAINESVILLE Gazette.
It looks az though Portugal had taken
on altogether too much old Madeira.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26

Students Of metropolitan underworld
conditions intimate o popular demand
for more wise crackers" and not so
many safe crackers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Am Other States and Canada.


The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled
patches credited to 1t or not otherwise cred
lied In this paper and also the local news
published herein. All rights Of publication Of
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Rate by Carrier Within the City.

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-26
Laws Are Made to Break.

From the Hamilton Evening Journal.
Another disadvantage about obeying
the traffic laws is that it makes one Sc
conspicuous.