davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
VEGETABLE GARDEN.

With the heavy frosts already here or
expected very shortly, the vegetable
garden of 1891 is about through. Ger
tain hardy crops, such as cabbage, kale,
turnips and celery, will continue to
grew for several weeks, but at q slow
rate. Just what makes some species
able TO Withstand frost and light freezes
and others to 60 down with the first
frost Is question that has troubled
thoughtful gardeners for many years.
It Is pretty well known that the killing
Of living plant cells by frost is due to
the forcing out OF water and the failure
Of the water to re-enter the cells. IN
deed, any one who has observed frosted
leaves few hours after sunrise will
recollect their dried appearance. A very
reasonable theory Is that plants, like
cabbage, have water holding substances
in their cells which do not release the
water on light freezing ana frosts. APP
parently as ccol weather comes on grad
ually, the content Of these water-hold-
ing substances increases. That is why
that hardening Of hot bed plants in the
Spring fits them better to survive cool
no amount of hardening can tougher
the tomato or squash. These plants
Of subtropical origin simply don't pos
seSs the capacity for hardening their
tissues and go down with the first frost.
Cabbage and kale, from cold northern
Europe. 90, on the, other hand. adapt
themselves to the environment to a
marked degree.
For the most Of the vegetable garden
the season is over. All vines and stalks
should be gathered together and placed
in the compost heap or destroyed. The
soil may very we'll be spaded deeply
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
PLANT PROTECTION.

In the more Northern States many
plants thst Winter here with compare
tive safety either are taken into cellars
for protection or covered with straw
or sol. As examples the Grape myrtle,
the forcing hydrangea and the tea
roses may be mentioned. The ideal
plants fer the home garden are, how
ever, those that can endure the
Winters cold and ravages with their
cwn resistance. Yet sometimes the most
desirable species are the least hardy.
For example gardeners have found It
advisable to bank up tender roses with
several inches Of soil mounded up about
the base. Some winters this protec-
ten is not needed in this region, while
other Winters tender varieties may be
badly damaged without this protection.
Strawberry beds and pansy beds are
lightly covered In this vicinity not be-
cause Of direct freezing hazard to the
plants. but TO prevent the soil alter
.sIsssc.. freezing and thawIng with daily
changes and heaving the plants out Of
the soil or at least tearing their roots
badly. Fer the same reason an inch Of
peat moss spread over the bulb beds
may prevent the bulbs from being
pushed out Of the soil such niulching
II especially advisable with tulips that
were not dug last Spring. FOR In the old
beds the bulbs are nearer the surface
than were the original bulbs and are
therefore much more easily pushed up
ward by the frost's action on the soil
A light mulch around newly planted
perennials, larkspurs, pyrethrurns and
the like will be helpful in the same
manner that IL helps panxIes. Actually
covering the plants themselves may, on
the other hand, easily do more harm
than good.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

and left lying in rough condition so
that Winter may get IN its work Of
freezing and thawing and softening the
Jumps. The idle portion OF the vegetable
garden should have been spaded some
time ago and planted to Winter rye or
wheat. In fact, it may not be too late
now to secure some kind of stand Of
rye, but 1t is quite doubtful.
Lime may very we'll be put on the
soil at this seaSon, giving 1t time to
neutraliZe acidity before next Spring
Although flowers vary sharply in their
lime requirements, vegetables are most
ly lime loving, or, at least. lime toll
Grant. Hydrated lime is the form
generally used on gardens. Not neces-
sarily because it is the best form, but
because it is easily obtained from hard
ware stores and building supply COM
panies. One pound per 20 square
feet of space Is a reasonable applica-
ton of hydrated lime.
In closing up the vegetable enter
prise for the season 1t is we'll that poles
and stakes, whether metal or wood,
be collected and placed under shelter.
1t is the mark of a good gardener to
put away the equipment in good shape
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
THE GARDEN CLUBS.

In holding its annual dahlia show
October is and Is the Takoma Horti-
cultural Club had the distinction of
closing the dahlia season for 1881 in
this locality. Yet, despite the late date,
the show was attractive, the quality of
the exhibits offsetting the reduction in
quantity. VIM T. Simmons of Aspen
street, undoubtedly one of Takoma
PARKS most versatile amateur garden
erS. captured high honors as the lead
ing point winner. A non-competitive
exhibit entered by Mrs. G. M. Wolfe OF
Linden added greatly 70 the beauty of
the show.
Regarding the value Of the garden
Club movement, one of the largest
nursery firms Of the country remarks in
one OF its advertisements that the gar
den club has been the greatest single
factor IN the promotion Of gardening,
especially In encouraging the growing
OF new and improved varieties of plants
One could confidently state that this is
true in this vicinity, where practically
every outlying community is now served
by q garden club.
Rose enthusiasts Of Washington and
vicinity will be interested to learn that
a movement Is under way to form
rose society In Washington. On October
IL meeting was hello in the rose gar
den of DR.. and Mrs. Whitman Cross,
Chevy Chase, Md, for the purpose of
discussing the proposition A total of
80 rose growers and friends, mostly
members Of the American Rose Society,
were present and, as a result of the
favorable sentiment expressed, a COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
PRIMA DONNA WEEDS
RICH CLEVELANDER
Miss Eleanor Painter Marries
Charles Henry Strong-Will
Leave Stage,

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, October 24.-Miss Flea
nor Painter. former light opera star
and more recently prima donna Of the
Philadelphia and San Francisco Grand
Opera Cos. was married at noon
yesterday 70 Charles Henry Strong,
wealthy Cleveland business man.
The wedding took place In the Madi-
son Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church,
the Rev. Ralph W. Sockman ofaciat-
ing, and was attended by q small group
of friends Of the bride and BRIDEGROOM.
Mr.. and Mrs. Strong will sail for
Europe tonight to remain for some time.
On their return they will live In Cleve-
land. The bride plans to retire from
the opera stage.
Mrs. Strong. who was born In iowa
and educated In Germany, began her
stage career in Europe
Abandoning grand opera for q time.
she starred In light operas for q num-
Der Of years, appearing on Broadway
In The Lilac Domino" Princess Pat"
and The Last Waltz" among other
productions At the Jolson Theater in
1927 she played the role Of Jenny Lind
In The Nightingale"
Mrs Strong. who formerly was the
wife of Louis Graveure, concert singer,
was prina donna with the Philadelphia
Grand Opera Co. in 1929-30. having
previously appeared with the company
as guest star. Last season she was with
the San Francisco Grand Opera Co,
In 1929 she created the leading role
in The Light from Ste. Agnes" an
opera IN English by Frank Harling.
which was given its world premiere In
Paris
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
STORING DAHLIAS.

FrostS have reached many gardens
about the city, and among the first
plants to succumb Is the dahlia which,
despite It's preference for cool weather,
cannot endure freezing. However, the
dahlia tuber, being below the surface, IS
safe until severe freezing sets In. In
fact. dahlia growers prefer TO leave the
roots in the soil for two or three weeks
after the f1rst frost. thus giving the
roots an opportunity 70 mature. This
delay Is particularly beneficial in this
locality, where dahlias are planted late
and have no more time than necessary
70 develop tubers.
For those gardeners who have named
varieties, 1t Is essential to carefully
label the boxes or baskets into which
the tubers are placed. Before digging,
the old top should be cut away two or
three inches above the soil. In stiff
clay soil some care must be exercised
in lifting the root clump lest the tubers
be broken of. II must be recalled that
the dahlia tubers have no eyes, as has
the white potato, but that the buds are
or the base of the old stem. Some ex-
perienced growers proceed to cut up the
old root shortly after digging, leaving
sections of the stem attached to each
tuber. But for the strictly amateur 1t
Is safer to store the root intact until
early Spring, when the buds viii have
pushed forth.
In q cool, moist root cellar, such as
used for storing white potatoes, carrots,
turnips and the like, there would be no
need Of covering the dahlia roots.
However in the house cellar, particu-
larly those cellars which contain a
furnace, there Is absolute need Of cover
ing the tubers with some material such
as peat moss or soil. Peat moss Is es-
pecially good. as 1t does not dry out
readily and can be slightly moistened
without difficulty. It Is safe TO State
that more dahlias are lost dnring VIM
ter from drying than are lost from
freezing. A temperature of 80 degrees
to 20 degrees Fahrenheit would be ideal.
but II kept in slightly moisteiled peat
or soil somewhat higher temperatures
can be successfully withstood. The
dahlia is, after all, Q sturdy species,
capable of withstanding q rather wide
variation in environment. At the same
time. this fact Is no reason for putting
the tubers to a severe test. Once in q
while roots that are left out in the
\ garden over Winter are safe, but such
practice certainly couId not be advo-
Gated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

much less satisfactorily than clean fruit
grown on a tree that held its leaves
throughout their normal period.
One could easily place as the first es-
sential in apple storage that the trees
be sprayed sufficiently to keep insects
out Of the fruit and to keep the leaves
on during their normal life. When the
apples are picked they should be handled
with care and not thrown roughly into
the baskets or containers. The sooner
the apples are put In the cool cellar
after picking the better, because fruit
ripens very rapidly upon removal from
the tree. Wrapping apples In tissue pa
per or, better yet, in wrappers made ex-
presSly for the purpose helps to keep
the fruits firm and prevents rots from
spreading II they do occur. Workers in
the Department of Agriculture have
found that oiled paper wraps or pieces
OF shredded oiled paper scattered
through the package helps to keep fruit
free from surface blemishes. These lat
ter troubles, however, are more fire.
quent in cold storage than in home stor-
age, and offer little concern to the home
grower. The crux of keeping apples is
really to have good clean stock to store
and to keep it in as cool q place as pos
sible during the warm days of late
Autumn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
GARDEN NOTES.

Relative to the merits Of disbudding
outdoor flowers to secure single, indi-
vidual blooms of large size, it is EVIL
dent that many people would rather
have the natural cluster Of several
blooms than one specimen flower.
Perhaps, after all. these advocates of
leaving the flowers alone may be
opened buds add to the beauty of q
display. Disturbing has its place in
the greenhouse growing Of carnations.
roses and chrysanthemuniS and In out
door gardens for growing show blooms.
but there are evidently definite limits
to its use.
DR.. r. B. Harvey of the University
of Minnesota made q study Of several
materials for repelling mice and rab-
fruit trees. In the tests rabbits were
actually inclosed with the trees and
forced to eat the bark or starve. In
the case of one treatment, . paint
made from sulphur dipped in boiling
linseed Oil, the rabbits actually did
starve rather than touch the bark.
Apples packed in small cardboard
boxes are now being offered for sale In
many stores. Such fruit has to be ex-
ira fancy to sell readily In composition
with the general run Of fruit. Too
often the carton apples do not measure
up to the standard required to sell pack
aged fruit.
One way Of blanching late celery
thatSis, the green types, such as Giant
Pascal-is to lift the plants roots and all
and reset in q cool cellar or other loca-
ton where actual freezing may be pre-
vented. Peat moss makes an excellent
soil medium for resetting the plants. as
1t Is free Of ordinary soil organisms
xNk - ~ be-
moisture quite well without becoming
too wet. For Thanksgiving use the
celery may be trenched out of doors or
protected by soil or boards or both. But
for Christmas use or later the system of
replanting IN a cool cellar floor is ex-
cellent.
Some Suburbanites are engaged In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
CLERIC FACES NEW TRIAL
IN Staying OF HIS SON
Jury Celebrating Since Thursday
Stood g to 8 for onviction.
Mistrial Declared.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
AUGUSTA. Ga, october pa mis-
trial was declared today in the case of
Rev. j. NJ williams of Rochelle. Ga.
charged with Staying his son, Raford
Grady Williams, sailor, last August Z.
The jury, which was reported to have
stood at nine for conviction with rec
ommendation of mercy and three for
acquittal, had been celebrating since
Thursday.
new trial was ordered as soon after
November as the condition of the
docket in the Superior Court here will
permit.
Young Williams had been on a fur
Tough from his station in New York.
The prosecution attempted to prove
the preacher killed his son to obtain
$4,000 life insurance to cover losses in
cotton market speculation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

raking the crab grass out Of their lawns,
This Is q good practice II at the same
time good lawn grass seed Is sown over
the raked area and fertilizer broadcast
to stimulate the better grasses into
growth A mixture of 8 to 10 pounds of
cottonseed meal and 2 to pounds of
ammonium sulphate applied evenly over
each / 900 square feet of lawn area will
give satisfactory results. It Is too much
to hope to get rid Of crab grass in one
year, since the seed may live over sew
eral years. but distinct progress may be
made the better grasses are encour-
aged by fertilizing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Noted Wig Maker Dies,

LOS ANGELES, October "a (P).-
Florian de Donate. 70 years old, for
many years noted wigmaker to the
theatrical profession, died yesterday at
his hotel here. His patrons included
Joseph Jefferson. Richard Mansfield and
Adelina Patti He retired and came to
Los Angeles IL years ago
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
APPLE STORAGE.

Sometimes one hears the complaint
that apples fail to keep as well now as
they did years ago, but given the same
varieties Of apples and the same cellar
or storage place it is highly improb-
able that there is any material differ
ence in the fruit itself. But there Is a
difference in the condition Of the fruit
before 1t is stored. Insects and dis
ease are undoubtedly more prevalent
now than they we're in the past, and
tnsect-ridden or diseased fruit keeps
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

mittee was selected 20 prepare plans
for a permanent organization which
ing in conjunction with the large
American Rose Society. Frankly, there
is place for such an organization. The
rose is the leading garoen flower in this
area, yet there is no organized effort to
acquaint home owners with new varie-
ties and improved cultural practices or
to bring rose growers together for con-
sideration of their mutual interests.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Paris Landmark Moved.

PARIS OP).-Tre famous Cafe de la
Paix on the Place de IOpera. where the
world has eaten and drunk since 1870,
has been ousted from its corner by a
new bank building. The cafes new To-
cation is few hundred feet away on
the Boulevard des Capucines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

for another seasons use and. to look
at it more practically. it is matter
Of good common sense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
THE HOME GARDENER

Bautying Surroundings of the Home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

FARM AND GARDEN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23

should be found necessary as to other
products, it should be denied as to al
AGRICULTURAL products. Constantly fall
inc prices. the utter collapse of farm
credit and of farm land values make
this inevitable"
Brookhart suggested that the rate Of
return on railroad properties De re-
duced 3 per cent, which, he declared.
would be more in line with what cap
ital earned.
r. c. Fulbright, representing the Ma
tional Industrial Traf1c League, took
the stand late yesterday for opponents
of an increase.
He charged the Railroads and Secur-
ity Holders Committee with having
picked only such bonds as they feit
would back up their plea OF Ialilng
values instead of giving the commits
sion the entire picture.
Railroad bonds, he said. were higher
now than in 1921 and interest rates
were more favorable than during the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23

peak Of industrial and railroad expan.
sion.
Calls Rail Situation Excellent.
To illustrate that the railroads were
having no trouble disposing OF their
bonds, Fulbright said sales during the
first half Of 1891 were larger than In
1929, the peak of the boom and that
rates were far more favorable. /.
From 1928 to 1929, Fulbright said.
the country went through what wa
thought to be period OF unparalleled
prosperity, but which proved to have
been unjustifiable expansion, adding that
the railroads went on q spending spree
overbuilding and overdeveloping." The
railroads" he said ARE in better condi-
ton today than they have been In years
Until they come to this commission
and show that they are endeavorine
through economies to better their situa-
ton they have no right to ask this COM
mission to increase rates at this time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
BURIAL OF DR.. JONES
SET AT KENS1NGTON
b. stan Correspondent Of The star.

BY stan Correspondent Of The Star.
KENSINGTON, Md, September a.
Services for DR.. Eugene Jones, So years
old, Kensington physician and three
times member Of the State Senate,
which will be held tomorrow afternoon.
will be conducted Jointly by Rev. Jo-
ssph Sinclair, pastor of St. Paul's Meth
odist Church here. and DR.. W. D. Win
diate. rector of Christ Episcopal Church,
also VI Kensington.
Active pallbearers will be W. p Hunt
er, Albert M. Bouic, James T. Cashell,
DIR. Harry o. Trowbridge and J. HAmp-
ton Jones. all Of Montgomery County,
and DR.. Warren Price of Washington,
D. 9. There will be no honorary pail
bearers, members Of the family state.
The services will be held at the fam
lily home here at o'clock, while burial
viii follow In the Monocacy Cemetery,
at Beallsville, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
WILLARD PLEADS
FOR FREIGHT RAISE
President of B. & o. Believes
Increase Would Enable
Rail Maintenance.
By the associated Press

BY the Associated Press. t
AKRON, Ohio. September 2S.-Danie!
willard, president of the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad, today told the Great
Lakes Regional Advisory Board that
| granting of the railroads proposal for
1 is per cent freight increase would pro-
mote sterilization of business and en-
| pioyment.
Willard said a resultant increased
revenue would put the railroads in a
position during a temporary period
of depression" to maintain their forces
so far as could be justified by the volume
Of business and good practice and con-
tinue their ordinary maintenance pro-
gram.
Says Nation Would Benefit.
Supporting his argument, Willard as
serted that in normal business times,
all of the railroads purchase as much as
% per cent of the entire annual steel
output, an equal amount of lumber,
an equal or greater percentage OF coal
output and large quantities of copper.
rubber, oil, cement and many other
articles for maintenance purposes.
What other industry in the United
States" he asked, could serve with
greater effect as a stabilizing agency II
only 1t were permitted in So-called good
times to build up such reserve as is
contemplated in the transportation act,
which would enable them to continue
their maintenance program during Pc
riods Of temporary depression?"
A freight rate increase would be tenn
pcrary, as railway managers realize
their eXistance depends on their ability
to make lower rates in order to meet
changing and competitive conditions,
Willard said.
He said wage reductions had been
considered instead Of q freight increase,
but would not be effective in time to
be Of help In the emergency. He said he
hoped wage reduction would not be
necessary. He stated, however. that in
1920 there were 1000, 900 people in rail-
road employment and that there are
now but 100000, a reduction Of 35 Per
cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
SC0UTMASTER FREED
IN FATAL ACCIDENT
William G. Westlake Is Cleared Of
Manslaughter Charge After
Boys Death.
~ stan Correspondent, Of IN. star.

~ star Correspondent Of The Star.
ROCKVILLE. Md, September 23.-
William c. Westlake OF 426 Taylor
street Chevy Chase, Md, scoutmaster
OF troop Of Washington Boy Scouts,
has been cleared of charges of man.
slaughter preferred against him, follow
ing the death of Thomas Benfield, 10.
also OF washington, who was struck by
truck driven by Westlake on the Rock
vile pike. September z.
The charges were dismissed by Judge
Charles w. Woodward In Police Court
here, where the matter came up for q
hearing. Westlake was represented by
Capt. Joseph c. Cissell, Rockville attor-
ney.
The scoutmaster was driving a Boy
Scout truck bearing several Washing
ton Scouts back home after a tour
through New York State when the ac-
cident occurred. The boy darted in
front Of the truck. witnesses testified,
which they stated was proceeding
about 40 miles an hour at the time.
One hundred and twelve coaches car
ried 5000 children to q picnic In Bir-
mingham, England, recently
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-23
Secret Operation
On Queen Marie
In July Revealed
AZ the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST. Rumania, Sep
tember 23.-The carefully dis
guised secret that Dowager Queen
Marie underwent q serious opera
ton Immediately after the mar
rage of her daughter, the Prin-
cess Ileana, last July. became
public knowledge Monday.
The Queens symptoms were so
threatening that the surgeons de-
cided to operate at the royal fam
iiy Summer home at Sinaia, and
an operating table and II cases
of surgical instruments were
rushed there.