davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
EIeCtrOn Theory

THE first great break with the
Il common sense view was brought
about by Einsteins theory of rela-
tivity. But, as General SHUTS points
out, this break was foreshadowed
by the discovery of the X-ray and
radlum and the development of the
electron theory.
Two former presidents of the
British Association for the Advance
ment of Science had much to do
with the establishment of the cleo
iron theory.
They were Sir J. j. Thomson and
Lord Rutherford. Others, of course.
also played a part, among them
Lorentz, the great Dutch physicist.
and DR.. R. A Millikan, the Ameri-
can physicist, who was the first to
measure the electric charge of the
electron.
With the establishment of the
electron theory. as General SHUTS
says. matter itself, the time-hon-
ored mother of all, practically dis
appeared into electrical energy"
Sir Arthur S. Eddington. the
famous astronomer, has expressed
an opinion about the new views Of
the Universe which assign an even
greater Importance to the electron
theory. Eddington says that he is
inclined to regard Rutherford rath-
er than Einstein as "the real VIII
lain of the piece
Rutherford established the idea
that each atom of matter consist
ed Of a nucleus of positive and
negative electrons surrounded by
other negative electrons.
Bohr added the idea that the
outer electrons revolved about the
nucleus like planets revolving
around the sun. Lately, however,
Bohr's scheme has been challenged
by the development of newer theo-
ries.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Unshackle Business

The utility ball and chain must be taken
from the leg of business, if the people of
Indianapolis and Indiana are to obtain any
results from the new effort to coax back
prosperity.
AS long as these utilities charge exorbi-
tant rates for their service, as long as they
are able to control government instead of
being regulated by government, there will be
lack of prosperity for the thrifty and use
full citizen and enterprise.
Control of charges for electric power
means control over every business, because
electricity is now as essential to industry as
is either machinery or labor.
Whatever excess tribute is taken by the
power interests is just that much of tax
on both labor and invested capital
In this city there is ample evidence that
the excessive nature of the charges for cleo
tricity has reached the point of public
scandal.
The rates were too high under the old
basis of rate making Under the new prin-
ciples announced by majority of the public
service commission, the rates are outrageous.
The commission now fixes and not
per cent as fair rate of return. It declares
that the old valuations at wartime prices are
no longer binding upon the public.
Of course, the companies are still charg-
ing on the old basis, and even, stretched that
basis by system of trick charges for opera
ton which took out larcenous sums for the
holding company
The purchase Of coal from the holding
company has cost the people and industries
of this city several hundreds of thousands of
dollars.
incidentally, the people of this city pay
each year tribute for the consent of the
insult interests to the Clarke interests to
hold this particular part of the utility do
main.
Last year the local company bought over
slXty-eight millions of kilowatt hours from
the insults. The price paid was in excess of
l cent an hour. The cost of making current
in plants that were not operated, say engi-
neers, at their full capacity, was about one
third the price paid.
If that charge is correct, the insults took
theirs out of Indianapolis to the extent of
three or four hundred thousands of dollars
The high cost of water and electricity has
looted the city treasury to the extent of
million a year. The high cost to the domes-
tic users has filched pennies from the family
budget. The high cost of power has made
the going hard for every factory.
The time to act is now. The people must
act if this city wants to share in whatever
prosperity is on the way.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Still Are Inadequate

INDIVIDUAL banks can't do the
Il job required, no matter how big
they are. They need credit in order
to give their customers credit, and
a national institution of rediscount
is the only means by which they
can get it.
The Federal reserve system was
supposed to be such an institution
but was hedged about by too many
rules and regulations.
The farm loan banks and inter-
mediate banks have done splendid
work in the field of agriculture, but
they still are inadequate to perform
the task assigned them.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
What's the Matter7

NREDIT can not be diverted into
~ particular channels, or sub
Jected to peculiar restrictions, with
out doing grave injustice not only
to those individuals and institutions
directly concerned, but to the COM
munity at large.
The idea of setting some securi-
ties and commodities apart as good
collateral, while others are taboo,
regardless of their worth, has played
havoc with business in general.
Take real estate mortgages. for
instance, which were mentioned bv
Mr.. Hoover as among our frozen
assets, and you will find that life
insurance companies regard them as
first class, while building and loan
associations depend on them en-
tirely.
Such being the case, why haven't
we found a way to make real es-
tate mortgage liquid?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08

THE present depression has
l. brought about situation
which threatens to become tragic
Specifically, 1 am thinking of the
unemployment problem among fe-
male Office workers.
Not only have salaries been cut
to half and less than half than
what they normally should be, but
employers are becoming more and
more choosy regarding the physical
appearance of the women they hire
to be their secretaries, bookkeepers
and file clerks.
OF course, I have nothing against
the theory that it is pleasant, and
even important, to have present.
able looking staff. But when the
tired business man attempts to sur
round himself with bevy of
"Follies" beauties. regardless of
their fitness for the job, something
should be done about it.
Beauty Comes First
II WAS speaking to a young lady
i the other night-one of the
thousands who have been job hunt
ing for weeks. She is a competent
stenographer, intelligent and fairly
attractive. Miss x is not a raving
beauty, but she knews her business
and has held some very fine jobs.
She answered the ad the other
day for job paying about half of
what she has been accustomed to
earn. The call was for $50. Miss
x, keeping in mind the adage about
an early bird and a worm, arrived
at the Office three-quarters of an
hour ahead of time.
The prospective employer arrived
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Action

The distinct tingle of hope that has swept the
country in the last twentyfour hours is not due to
any widespread, technical understanding of the issues
nvoved-the issues of credit and quidy and assets
eligible for rediscount by member banks"
It is due to the fact that at last we are getting
action. Somebody is doing something There are evil
dences of leadership.
When the boom-buit house OF cards began to
tumble two years ago this month We criticised Presi-
dent Hoover for his policy of mere reinsurance and
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
SCIENCE
Development of the Theory of
Relatively Has GiUen Time
a Ne1O Role IN the Universe,
BY DAVID DIETZ-


a Ne1O Role IN the Universe.
THE twentieth century view OF
i the universe differs from the
nineteenth view in that it breaks
with the Old World of common
sense.
So said General Jan c. SHUTS.
former premier of South Africa. in
the presidential address before the
London convention Of the British
Association for the Advancement of
Science.
Nineteenth century science. he
said. was a system of purified.
glorified common sense"
But important discoveries at the
close of the century, notably tho>a
of the X-ray, radium and the cleo
iron, ushered in new era.
The new point of departure was
reached when physical science
ceased to confine its attention to the
things that are Observed General
SHUTS said.
1T dug down to a deeper level, and
below the things that appear to the
senses, it found, or invented at the
base of the world, so-called sclentinc
entities, not capable of direct OBJ
servation. but which are necessary
to account for the facts of observa-
ton.
Thus, below molecules and atoms
still more ultimate entities ap-
peared; radiationS, electrons and
protons emerged as elements which
underlie and form our world of mat
ter"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Groundwork Is Laid

DRESIDENT HOOVER not only
4 has put his finger on the weak
spot, but has proposed a practical
remedy.
Though amounting to little less
than a drastic revision of the credit
system, it can be applied without
causing the slightest confusion.
That the country was anxious fol-
some such move and is ready to
support it can be doubted no longer
Whether from a political or finan-
cial standpoint, the President has
laid the groundwork for such unified
and purposeful action as seemed i'm
possible and gives the country a
brighter outlook than it has en-
joyed for many a day.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Must Be LiberaIized

VOU notice that President Hoover
Il begins with the credit system
the system which, above all others,
expresses our confidence not only in
each other, but in the commonality
Of effort.
Credit is the life blood of capital
ism, the one thing that justifies an
economic structure based on private
enterprise, the sole hypothesis on
which democracy can be reconciIed
with great wealth.
Like education, credit must be
liberalized to serve it's purpose. Not
that every one is entitled to it, but
that no pains should be spared to
see that every one who needs it, and
who is entitled to it, is not ignored.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
What About Farmers

NTE think of this as a great in
w dustrial nation, and we Justly
have modified our credit system
for the support of industry, but WHY
leave out agriculture, especially the
movable assets which agriculture
produces?
And while modifying credit for
industry, why not have more con-
sideration for the smaller and newer
enterprises?
Admitting that trading in stocks
is legitimate, though nine-tenths of
it may be meaningless, except as a
matter of pure speculation, what
about trading in commodities?
And what about unlisted stocks.
compared to those on the big board
provided, of course, they will stand
an analysis?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
BY DR.. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
Health Magazine.


FEvER generally is considered to
Il mean any condition of the hui
man body in which the temperature
is recorded above the normal.
Normal, as indicated by the little
red arrow on the thermometer, is
98.6 degrees F. or 81 degrees c..
Thermometers are graded from 90
to 1903; sometimes from 80 to no.
Seldom, however, do human beings
reach either of these extreme tenn
peratures.
The temperatures of birds vary
between 1O4 and 108 degrees F. Most
animals have temperatures some
what higher than that of man.
The temperatures of rabbits vary
from 102 to 104 degrees F.
Much depends, of course, on the
way in which the temperature is
recorded. A thermometer placed in
the mouth with the lips held tightly
shut will, if the person is normal,
record 98.6.
A thermometer placed under the
arm will record around 97.6 to SO.
A thermometer placed in the other
entrances and exits of the body may
record around SO to 1915.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
It look Him lime

RACK Of the frozen assets, about
(which we have talked so much.
and which are responsible largely
for prolonging the depression, is
fear.
We only waste time in arguing
whether it was justified, since the
big problem is, and has been, its re-
moval
If President Hoover had been a
psychologist, instead of an engineer,
he probably would have realized
this sooner.
Once having realized it, he showed
no lack of courage, or initiative,
and the country is showing no lack
Of appreciation, or approval.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
SAYS:

Like Education, Credit Must
Be LiberaIized to Serve It's
Purpose, and That Is for
the Benefit of the Whole
Community.
NEW YORK, Oct. s.-As some
~ wisecracking philosopher has
said, gold in the toe of sock only
rots the SOCK" but when people are
scared, that's where they keep it.
You can take a book of inter-
est tables, or a book on psycholo-
gy, and prove that they are hurting
only themselves, but it won't do the
least bit of good.
Fear is one of the sternest reaIi-
ties in life, and it produces the
same effect whether it has any basis
in fact, or whether those who suffer
from it realize that it does them
more harm than good. If you were
afraid of the dark as a child. or
have seen a bank go under because
OF backstairs gossip, you don't need
to be told this.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Essence of ThingS

ENERAL SHUTS points out
" that time took on new impor-
lance as result Of relatively. Elm
stein, in his relatively theories,
adopts the idea first suggested by
the great mathematician, Kinkow-
ski, that time is not separate from
space. but that the two are joined
into "Space-time.
Therefore, time takes on a new
Importance in twentieth century
physics.
Time is as much of the essence
of things as space" says General
SHUTS.
ct enters from the first into their
existence as an integral element.
Time is not something extra and
super-added to things in their be-
havlor, but is integral and basic to
their constitution. The stuff of the
world is thus envisaged as events
instead of material things.
This physical concept Or insight
OF Space-tirne is our first revolu-
tlonary innovation. Already it has
proved an instrument of amazing
power in the new physics. In the
hands of an Einstein it has led be-
yond Euclid and Newton, to the re-
casting of the law and the concept
OF gravitation, and to the new rela-
tlvity conception of the basic struc-
ture of the world.
The Transformation of the con-
cept OF space, owing to the iniec-
ton into it of time, has DESTROYED
the old passive homogeneous notion
OF space and has substituted a flex-
IDLE, variable continuum, the cur
Natures and unevenness of which
constitute to our senses what we
call a material world"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08

Ideals and opinions expressed
in this column are those OF
one of Americas most inter
esting writer's and are pre-
sented without regard to their
agreement CT disagreement
with the editorial attitude of
this uaper.-Thc Editor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08

What is the weight of a dozen
average size eggs?
About twenty-four ounces. Pullet
eggs weigh as low as fifteen ounces
per dozen.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08

What is the general level of the
cost of living in the United States
today compared with prewar levels?
The index number of cost of liv-
ing for June, 1881, according to the
United States bureau of labor sta
tistics, is 1903 as compared with
prices for 1913, which is taken as
100.
Is East river in New York an ac-
tual river?
1t is strait that separates Long
island and Manhattan and connects
New York bay with Long island
sound.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-10-08
Daily Thought

If we say we have no sin, we
deceive ourselves, and the truth
is not in us.-John 1:S.
Perfection does not exist. To I'M
derstand it is the triumph of hui
man intelligence; to desire to pos
seSS it is the most dangerous kind
OF madness.-Alfred de Musset.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
By THOMAS |. STOKES

Washington, Sept 29-(UP) Announcement by the Norfolk and Western Railway company that 1t will cease to employ married wo- men after October directed at- tention to-day to a different phase of the unemployment problem.
 The railroad ascribed it's change of policy to a desire to alleviate unemployment,
 A computation based con 1880 census figures shows some 2,700,- 900 married women employed in the United States, but only about 1,900,000 hold jobs that men nat urally would fill. The rest are en- gagged in domestic and personal service.
 Latest unemployment estimates place the number of persons out of work at between 6,000,000 and 100000. If all married women now at work were replaced by job less men there would be a size- able dent in the ranks of the un- employed, but not nearly all of them would be absorbed.
 The 1890 census showed a total of 10,778,794 women gainfully en- ployed in agriculture, industry and trades of all sorts. This was 21 per cent of the female population 10 years of age and older.
 The total number of men gain fully employed was 38,o53,7a5, or 76.2 per cent of the total male population.
 The census bureau has not yet counted the number of married women who were working in 1880, but in 1920 23 per cent of women workers were married. There prob ably has been a slight increase. The estimate of married women working now was made on per- centage of 25 per cent.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29

cents Is made to cover the cost of misunderstanding the baits. Orders will be accepted at the Farm Bureau office until Friday. Octo- Der 16, and on October 23 the bait will be distributed from points es- tablished in each of the towns In the county.
 These who take advantage of the opportunity to rid their premises of rats will place the baits in rat holes, around rubbish heaps, and in other places frequented by rats, at the same time removing every thing else which might be food for the rats.
 The baits poisoned with red squill do not take effect imme- diately but the rats usually crawl
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
New One Woman Lost
 20 Pounds of Fat
Lost Her Double Chin Lost Her. Prominent Hips
 Lost Her Sluggishness
Gained Physical Vigor
 Gained in VivaciOusness Gained a Shapely Figure

When your vital organs fail to perform their work correctly your bowels and kidneys do not throw off that waste material-be- fore you realize it-you're growing hideously fat!
 Take one half teaspoonful of KRUSCHEN SALTS in glass of hot water every morning-cut out pastry and fatty meats, go light ou potatoes, butter, cream and sugar. in weeks get on the scales and note how many pounds of fat have vanished.
 Notice also that you have gained in energy-your eyes sparkle-you feel younger in body-keener in mind. KRUscHEN will give any fat person a joyous surprise.
 Get an 85c bottle of KRUSCHEN SALTS from Carrolrs Cut Rate avn leading druggist anywhere in America Qasts weeks). If this first bottle doesn't convince you this is the easiest, safest and sur est way to lose fat--if you don't feel superb improvement in health so gloriously enerEetic-vigor- ously alive-your money gladly re- turned.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
Two Million Married Women Employed
 In United States
Replacenient By Unemployed Men Seen in Action of
 NorfOlk and Western R. R. Company

Of the total women working, 29.2 per cent or 3,149,391 were engaged in domestic or personal service. This leaves 7,629,403 in other occupations, divided thus: agriculture 913,976; forestry and fishing, 3,249; extraction of min erals, 10,294; misunderstanding and mechanical industries, 2,416,28S; transportation, 447,730; trade, l. 716,384; public service mot other wise classified, 123,323; profess sional service, 1,762,795; and in dustry not specified, 285,364.
 The census shows the ircreas- ing part that women play in bus mess, industry and law, particular ly, as we'll as their entrance into new fields and ventures not hither- to regarded as in the woman's sphere.
 There are 1861 women farm managers and foremen, for in- stance; 2,847 women working about coal mines; 3,949 about oil and gas wells; 78,628 in cigar and tobacco factories; 45,272 employed in automobile factories; 4,241 con- nected with construction and main tenance of streets, roads and sew CTS; 15,041 working about garages, automobile laundries and greasing stations.
 How women have gone into bus- mess and finance is shown in em- ployment of 459,120 in banking and brokerage houses, 564,381 in insurance and real estate, and 4,121,6S5, in wholesale and retail trade.
 There are only 56,715 actually working on railroads, the trans portation group, which numbers 3,990,S75 including street and road repair, garages, postal service, street railways, and telephone and telegraph.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29

New Haven, Conn, Sept 3S-- Rumblings of battle are beginning to be heard in the country wide war on rats which is being started by Raymond K. Clapp, executive county agent of the New Haven County Farm bureau. But the rumblings are not the roar of cannon, the crackle of rife fire, or hum of airplane motors, but rather are caused by the hum of culinary erations, with workers busy pre- pairing food for the rats.
 In a countrywide campaign with more that 2,000 farmers cooperat- ing, Mir Ciapp believes that great reduction can be made in the rat population which every year does one hundred thousand dollars worth of damage in New Haven county.
 The Rat War of 1891 is to be an extraordinary war, because 1t will start with food for the enemy. A tempting banquet. with fish, meat, and cereal as the principal items on the menu, has been pre-. pared for the rats. But an item
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29

developed. Red sauili has the happy faculty of killing rats and oats. ss dogs, @ p pigs, ssas or chickens. AnIi # does not seem to injure chickens even in strong doses, and the other animals will not eat food which is poisoned with red squill.
 october 2s has been aonouncsd by Mir Ciapp. who will act as ma- jor general and chief of staff in ths Rat War of 1891. as the date for the opening of localities. On that date, the Farm Bureau will distribute packages of the bait, in- cluding can each of fish. meat, and cereal baits. These three cans will make 100 baits, enough to bait an average farm. A charge of 50
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
1 NAUGATUCK Skelly Is Acting
 Captain Of Police
Sabsttutisg for Gap4ain Malone Sr-Name Easfaef- atoes for Personal Taxes

21, 22, 23 from a. m. to 12 noon and from 1 until o'clock in the afternoon and on October 26, 27, 2S, 29 and 30 from a. m. to 12 noon, from 1 until in the after noon, and from until S:30 in the evening and on November 2 from 9 a. m. until S:30 D. m. As No- vember 1 falls on Sunday this year a session will be held on November g.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
FONTS oBLIGING

Denver - Never let 1t be said that Tony Lombardi isn't willing to help out thirsty man. Twice within q week Tony has delivered liquor to such men as Patrolmen Einnie and Eastis. Finnie called Tony first, had him deliver some kauor and arrested him on the de- Ivory. A. tow days later Enstis hlled and arrested Tony. The first fase cost him si0o.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29

into their holes to die. Deafi usually takes place within tl,rsl days after the poison is eaten.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
Here's The Cats!
 A War On Rats
New Haven County Farm Bureau Directs Campaign
 Against Rodents

that is not listed but will be present in every Dit of food is red squill powder, which is the most
 effective and safe rat poison yet
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29
CLEVER sLEUTHTNa

Fort Worth. Tex.--Detective Et Weatherford and J. W. Swimmer noticed Cecil Penny putting d wci garden hose in his car and driving away with it. Being wet,p the de. tectives reasoned with one another that hose must belong to some. one else" They trailed Penny and on questioning him. found that the hose was stolen and that Penny was an escaped convict.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-09-29

wooI production in New Zealand <hls year totaied 7s5.afe bales.