davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-09

from happening 30 unemployed girls. 10 N
stenographers and typGsts 10 keep their h
in" and 10 enable them to use their enfoFt
labor to gain . greater business efncienS
many free schools IN business methods and 4
use of business machines have been open
intructors loaned by business MFms. Is oper
ting IN Chicago's Loop.
I'VE realise" says Miss Gordon that
aftermath Of q depression such Is this Is 81
TO be worse than the depression psychoiot
cally. IdlenesS and charity are demoralizir'
When this is over, even the girls who shall hal
found jobs and won their places in the pr'
cessiOn win bear scars. There win be need n
q great deal Of mental and emotional adjus
Ment."
THE ways IN which some of the strandl
women are helped can be indicated by coE'
pleting the stories Of Bertha, Anna, Martha, Il
Southern teachers and Sonia. E-.tha's alar,
clock was not purchased. but she was given
JOB by the Emergency Work Bureau. Martl|
was taken into guest house, given free medic
treatment and proper nourishment and Tho
another factory job was found for her. d,
mestic positions were secured for the teacher
but Sonia WAS sent back, with many misgivine
to her Pennsylvania 'lovation''
Annals story have saved to the last becaIa
Il has a fairy-tale quality. The New Yoi
woman who followed her 30 persistently un,
she had gotten her confidence, took her to
local organization where she was given roo
of her own and fed until her strength can
back. Then o position was found for her In
cafeteria. Two months later she returned
the organization leading her nance, beshfl
sun-tanned Texan, whom she had met in Il
restaurant. A month later she married him M
went 10 live on his ranch, life for which tn
sturdy peasant girl had obviously been ordains
BY her Maker.
Not all the girls and women facing nnanci
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-09
Fishing Nth q Bob

@ATFISH or bullheads, as they are some
times termed, are easily caught in some
waters without recourse to the hook. The fish
are landed by use of bob which is made
from fish worms. The worms are strung on
thread of q heavy type or fine cord and then
fastened In loops around the end Of long
pole. The pole is thrust in the water and the
fish soon bite over the strings and hang on
with enough tenacity to be lifted into the boat
where they may be shaken OF. The bob Is Of
use only in water In which the bullheads are
abundant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-09

munity forces have been mobilized in response
to pleas sent out By the Presidents Emergency
Committee for Employment. In some cities,
such Is Philadelphia, the work 10 conferred
under the leadership Of the local Y W. C. A.:
in others 1t Is managed By . citizens relief
committee or some other organization.
Emergency guest houses where girls and
women who are completely out Of funds may 20
for . time are kept by several organisations
including in New York City the 0trls' Service
League, the Salvation Army and the Travellers
Aid There are also others where board and
room are given for q very small sum- The
New York boarding houses for girls Of the
Y. W. G. A.. usually operated at q profit, have
helped 30 many that this year the houses win
show deficit.
Twice week the Girls Service League holds
unemployment luncheons, to which any girl may
come without charge or questioning. the at
tendance at each luncheon Is from $50 to 400.
The Salvation Army also maintains IN New
York City q woman's hotel, where bed and
breakfast can be obtained for so cents night:
when necessity demands for nothing. Finally.
the City of New York has accommodations at
its enlarged municipal lodging house for about
1000 women, necessary, and with the beds
goes breakfast and sometimes supper Though
these free accommodations are supposed to be
limited to five nights in month for one in
dividual this rule was not enforced last Winter.
It is hopeful sign, also, that relief meas
Ilres have not stopped at simply trying to plug
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-09
Oil Refinery Capacity GrooUs

of petroleum refining and produce all the major
products, such as benzene, naphtha wax, asphalt,
lnbricating oils and all the other almost num-
berless petroleum products.
An increased efficiency in gasoline production
was noted last year, and the yield rose from
the 3e.3 per cent figure OF 1929 to AZ per cent
The increase in use OF the cracking process
aided materially in this increase in efficiency
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-09

Eases such as those described above could
~ be duplicated by the hundreds. One New
York organization alone the Girls Service
League has noted an increase Of 400 to 800
per cent this year In the number of stranded
h1rls coming TO tt for help and employment.
Whist is being done TO save them, victims
Of a machine civilization, from being destroyed
by the machine? In the answer to these ques-
tons we find heartening realization Of our
increased feeling Of social responsibility, and .
clearer insight into the problem, which may
help as tackle It more inteiligently IN the
future.
m most OF the big cities Of the country COM
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
FEE SYSTEM
IS CURSE OF
LAND, CLAIM

AUSTIN. Aug. 19-RAThe house
hoped TO conclude today its week
old investigation OF j. B. Price,
district judge at Bastrop accused
OF negligence IN approving alleged
excessive mileage charges OF sher-
IFS.
Testimony was finished yeSter-
day and arguments were all that
remained. Each side was allotted
two and one-half hours.
Debate to End
A vote on the 10 misconduct
charges against Judge Price was
expected after completion OF argu-
ments, tentative agreement having
been made TO dispense with debate
on the part Of house members.
Should the house iE- each Judge
Prize, he would be tried by the
senate.
The venerable jurist himsel! was
the main defense witness yester-
day. He was asked about accounts
submitted by Sheriff j. j.. Burt
schel Of Lee county, Sheriff Clint
ID. Lewis OF Burleson county. Sher-
IF Woody Townsend OF Bastrop
county and the late John T. Carl
isle. former sheriff OF Lee county.
Judge Price said he believed the
accounts were correct when he
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
STATE GIVEN
POPULATION
OF 5,S24,7l5

WASHINGTON, Aug. 10. Up
Texas was credited today by the
census bureau with 7l.9 per cent
native born American population,
although 81 counties and four
cities registered a majority Of
Latin Americans as inhabitants.
The Lone Star state was S EN- a
total population Of 5,824.7 IT'S, or
which Abs .O95 were native born
Americans, 1896 foreign, S54,964
negro. 683 ,661 Latin Americans, and
a total Of 2,579 Indians, Chinese,
Japanese and Filipinos.
Andrews county led in percent
age Of natite American TO total
population with 1876 inhabitants OF
whom 734 were native. The other
two we're foreign-born. Hamilton
county, vii 1888 population,
registered 1883 native Americans,
with l8l foreign-born white. no ne
groes and nine Latin Americans.
Dallas county. with 1884, 29 native
Americans out OF a total population
OF $685. SOL, had the largest number.
Harris county, with 359,328 total
population, was shown to have the
most negroes, 72,603. Bexar county,
with a Latin American population
OF 1901 out Of 292,533, led in the
race.
The counties with a majority OF
LaSIn Americans and total popula-
ton compared with Latin Amer
leans. follow:
Brewster, 1924 and 3.4l1: Brooks,
5,90l and 1878; Dimmit, 1928 and
6,222; FL PaSo, 1871 ,597 and 1889;
Frio, 8. GAIL and $3.50; Hidalgo.
77,0O4 and 41,522: Hudspeth, 3,72S
and 1850: Jeff Davis. 1900 and
1,046; Jim Hogg. 4,9l9 and 2r56l:
Jim Wells, 1896 and 7,137: Karnes.
1886 and II ,808; La Sale. 1929
and 5.492; Maverick, 6.l20 and A.
721; Preside. 10,154 and 6,T74; San
Patricio, 1886 and i2,4l3: Starr,
II .409 and 1922: Val Verde, a.
.924 and 9..542; Webb. 42.128 and
29,601; Willacy. 10,499 and 5.s95;
Zapata, 1857 and 1,459; Zavala,
l0,349 and $500.
Laredo had the highest percent
age Of Latin American population
among the four cities, with 23,432
Latin Americans out Of 326l8 total.
FL Paso registered 58.29I Latin
Americans out of 1o2.42l inhabi-
tants, while Del Rios 1903 pop
ulation contained 1929 Latin Amer
leans. San Benito reported 6,988
Latin Americans out Of 1888.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19

out Of that alive, for the plane
broke in two at the cockpit"
Wanamaker came out OF that
crash with a fractured leg and other
injuries.
Nine years later, In August, 1927,
Milton BTonner, London correspon-
dent for NEA Service. Inc, wrote a
series OF stories on the war heroes
OF Germany. One Of these oncern-
cd Udet and the feature OF The story
was his victory over the only Ameri-
can he had shot down during the
a He did not know the name Of
his victim.
In Akron, Wanamaker read the
story. He wrote Udet. and he 90.
the reply that verified his belief that
he was the man UdeI had brought
down. That letter began a long
chain OF correspondence. OF ex-
change of pictures and greetings.
Eventually help on the part OF Udet
enabled Wanamaker 70 prove war
disability under the officers re
tirement act.
Udet sent Wanamaker a picture
he took Of him In a stretcher Just
after German soldiers had dragged
him out of the wreckage Of his
plane. He also sent Wanamaker
sworn statements OF officers who
witnessed the crash and Of physi-
clans who took car OF the Ame-i-
can later.
1t l. on the invitation OF former
Navy Lieut.. AL Williams that Udet
Is coming over. With Udet, at the
National Air Races, will be Flight
Commander r. L. r. Atcherly OF
England, Major Mario de Ber-
nardi, Italy's Schneider Cup winner,
ahd Capt. c. Orlinski Of Pc-and, all
three rs great aviators il their own
countries as Udet is in Germany.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
BY ISRAEL KLEIN,
NFA Service Writer.

CLEVELAND-ErnSt Udet, one OF
Germany's greatest air aces during
the war, is coming to this country
TO meet on more friendly terms the
only American Of the g. allied fly
ers he shot down over the western
front.
The American Is Common Pleas
Judge Walter B. Wanamaker, OF
Akron, o. who since 1927 has been
exchanging letters and pictures with
the German flyer, but who has not
yet set eyes on him. Ard between
them one OF the strangest Of friend
ships has arisen.
The occasion for their meeting will
bC the National Air Races here dur
ing the week OF Aug. 20. where Udct
will represent the present pilots Of
Germany.
The fight that first brought these
flyers together was one Of the long
est and most thrilling air battles Of
the war. The incident that made
these men friends, az least BY cor
respondence, after the war. Is Just
as strange and as interesting.
Udet, then only %, had been IN
the air for Germany since the be-
ginning OF the war in 1914. On July
2,19189, he was flying high over Cha
teau Thier-y. returning to the Ger
man lines after an unsuccessful pur-
suit Of a Frenc' air raider, when ne
spied a squadron OF French Nieu-
ports in a veTitable dog-fight with
a group Of German Fokkers.
In his red Fokker Udet picked out
a Newport that was hard on the
tail of a yellow Fokker which in
turn was chasing another allied
plane. In that near Nieuport was
Wanamaker.
Udet Surprised Foe.
Just as Wanamaker was prepar-
ing to empty his machine gun on the
Fokker. Udet swooped at him from
above. IN D letter he later wrote 70
Wanamake., Udet describes this en-
counter.
CAS- you did not notice me" ne
says. II was able to get very close
to you, and as I began to shoot my
left machine gun, which had the in
cendiary brand o. ammunition,
failed to function.
cat that time I was very much
chargrlned about this but today ]
am so glad that this incident prob
ably prevented me from having caus-
ed your death"
No detail Of that memorable fight
has escaped Judge Wanamaker.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Baust to Retire

WASHINGTON. Aug. 19.-lP-
Serg. Maj. walter X. Baust. after
thirty adventurous years in the
marine corps, Is preparing 10 retire
September / TO resume the study or
Law at Houston, Texas.
The veteran served IN the pacifi-
cation OF Cuba in 1905 and was In
five major engagements in the
World War.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19

Il remember 7 was on standing
alertS' duty. from 4.30 10 7:3O that
morning" he recalls, when az T:20
a call came in that a squadron of
enemy aircraft was seen owe the
lines at Chateau Thierry. Nine Of
Us Immediately took off in search
OF the Germans.
Allied Planes Ou~tnumbered.
I'VE went UP 10000 feet and
circled about on the lookout for the
invaders. but the haze was pretty
thick. We were about to give up and
turn back when We suddenly came
upon them.
There were IL planes In the Ger
man squadron against our nine,
But We went after them. 1t vas
the most thrilling dog-fight I've
ever been in and the the second
longest air fight Of the war. It lasted
81 minutes.
Il don't know how Udet came at
me. I suddenly discovered that a
red Fokker vas pouring lead into
my plane, and I tried 10 evade him
by going into a tail spin.
Down I went % $500 feet. figur-
ing that II I could play 'poSsum dur
ing the spin, he'd leave me. But I
couldn't fool him. A bullet struck
the gas tank and another hit the
propeller. Gas rushed out into my
face, in my mouth and lungs.
i went into another spin, down 10
$500 feet, and kept II up until /
reached 1900 feet. Then I tried 70
60 for the French lines but Udet
was still lowering over me still fir
ing lead at me-.
Plane Broke In Half.
Il couldn't make the French lines
that way SO I turned and swooped
down to the nearest open spot 1
could see. IL was back Of the Ger
man lines. I don't know how I got
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Fraud Is Charged

Judge Price answered 1t appeared
they had "perpetrated a fraud on
me-" and Sturgeon remarked: yes:
and they did 1t OH the state. too"
One OF the re5uttai illnesses for
the prosecution, George Calhoun.
Judge OF the commission of the
court or criminal appeals, made a
sever indictment OF the fee system.
The fee system is . . ours of
the country" Judge Calhoun said.
Men who naturally arc honest be-
come dishonest through this sys-
TEN. II Is an inducement 70 dis
honesty. Officers working under
the fee system are not satisfied
with a good living but want every
thing they can get"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Latin American Inhabitants in Majority in 7venty-One Texas Counte.

approved them or he would have
withheld his signature. He stated n
district judge was forced to rely
almost entirely on the honesty Of
thu sheriffs.
Grady Sturgeon, one OF the
prosecutors. asked Price: Prom the
testimony introduced at this hear
ing. have you had any reason 10
change your opinion Of these sher-
iffs?p
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Athlete browns

TAHOE, Calf, Aug. l9-LPl-
Stricken, apparently by a heart at
tack while swimming in Emerald
Bay here, Eric Krenz. "a, former
Stanford athlete and holder OF the
worlds discus record, drowned yes
terday.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Premier Quits

BUDAPEST, Hungary. Aug. 10. fPl
Count Julius Karolyi today ac-
cepted from Admiral Horthy, Re
gent OF Hungary. a mandate TO form
a newd government succeeding that
of Count Stefan Bethlen. who re-
signed this morning after ten years
as premier.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Flood Toll Mounts

MEXICO CITY, Aug. 10. Up
Floods and storms, which during the
last month have taken numerous
lives and caused much property
damage in Mexico, added five vic
Tins to their toll yesterday when
Yuriria Lake, in the the state OF
Guanajuato, overplowed and mum
dated a large farming district near
the town Of Jaral.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
THE POOR FISH!

MILWAUKEE Fred Barkow's
neighbors kept bees and they made
1t impossible for him to enjoy his
garden. He put up with them IN
til a warm Of them settled in his
goldfish bowl. After he had sue
ceeded in ousting them he found
his goldfish stung to death.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Body Recovered

CALSHOT. Eng. Aug. 10. H9-The
body Of Flight Lieut.. G. L. Brinton,
Schneider cup pilot. who plunged 10
his death while testing his seaplane
yesterday. was found today in the
tailend Of the fuselage.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-08-19
Flames Shift

SPOKANE, Aug. 19.-P)-ReSi-
dents OF half a dozen northwest
towns breathed easier today as
forest fires veered away from
homes to confine their destruction
20 pine stands and brush.
The daily worker., 1931-07-01
LID. DEMANDS
REMOVAL OF BOYS
FROM DEATH CELL
Denounces Torture of
Youths By Prison !.
Authorities

CHATTANOOGA, June 3o.-rAe
southern district of the international
Labor Defense has wired demand
for the removal of the eight Scotts-
boro boys in Kilby Prison from the
death cells. The wire is addressed
to the chairman of the Alabams
State Board of Prison Administra.
ton, at Montgomery, Ala. It de-
clares:
Since the filing of motion of
appeal by our attorneys stays the
execution Of the eight young Negro
boys framed up at Scottsboro and
now in Kilby Prison, we demand
their removal from the death cells
and their right to receive visitors.
literature and mail.
I'VE protest denial of these
rights and other attempts to ter
rorize the boys such as moving
electric chair in position across
their cells, and the withholding
from the boys Of the information
that they are not going to the
chair on July TO-"
The daily worker., 1931-07-01

NEW YORK. trip tc
Europe and the Hoover attempt tc
forge an anti-Soviet war front are
not the only steps being taken by
the leading imperialist countries te
smash the Soviet Union. In the
United States active was prepara-
tions with direct view Of a drive
against the Soviet Union are going
on. These facts are admitted in ar
article appearing in the June 9th
issue Of Liberty" Under the title
of "The Next War; General Will
liam Mitchell, who commanded the
air squadron of the U. S. army In
The last World War, tells Of the COM
ing world battle against Commu-
nism-against the Soviet Union.
He bursts the bubble of peace"
talk, saying war Is nearer than
ever-war against the Soviet Union.
The general puts 1t as struggle
between "east and west" strug-
gle between Asia and Europe.
ASIA Russia can be considered
part of it as far as we are con-
cerned) ,"he writes, "is forging IT.
self political INIT on the anvil
Of its wars and revolutions. A test
of strength between East and West
V distinctly in the wind today
The daily worker., 1931-07-01

courts OF Alabama on braZen
frame-up charge.
The appeal characterized the
savage railroading of these in
necent children to the electric
chair as an instance of capitalist
white terror and referred to the case
as another Sacco-Vanzetti case.
The Scottsboro outrage has served
to focus the eyes of the international
working class on the terrific national
oppression and savage terror direct
ed by the American imperialists
against the Negro masses. Before
the indignant eyes of the interna-
tional proletariat the vicious system
of lynch law, Jim Crowism, peonage
and white ruling class terror against
the Negro people stands revealed in
the blazing light of the Scottsboro
frame-up and the world agita-
ton initiated by the International
Labor Defense and the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights
In every European country, the
Communist newspapers are devoting
columns of space to the exposure
of the Scottsboro frame-up and its
background of boss terror and ma
tional oppression Of the Negro peo-
pie. Demonstrations against the
American inperialists have occurred
before the American consuiates in
several European cities. A storm of
indignation is sweeping the Soviet
Union.
In China, the millions Of workers
and peasants who are supporting the
Chinese Red Armies in the struggle
against the imperialists and their
native lackeys, are rallying to the
worldwide demand for the freedom
of the nine innocent Scottsboro boys.
In India, in South Africa, in every
country of the world, the Scottsboro
case is serving to expose the frightful
crimes of American Imperialism
against the Negro masses, and to
mobilize the international working
class behind the struggles of the Ne
gro people in the United States.
On August First, the masses of
Europe, of the United States, of
South Amsric% Of China Of Irdta
The daily worker., 1931-07-01
Get No Clothes for q
Year; "UMW Sold
Me Out!"

Dozens of miners testified before
the Dresser investigating commit
tee. They told the stories of their
lives, their wages, their conditions,
their reasons for striking and what
they hoped to attain. This testi-
mony mainly, in the words of the
miners themselves, tells of what the
miners have to face and what they
met during the strike. The Daily
Worker has obtained copy of this
testimony. From day to day we will
publish excerpts from this compo-
site story of the mass starvation of
the Pennsylvania miners and the
bitter struggle against their misery.
One of the first to speak was
George Pomfret, an English miner,
who worked at the Kinloch Mine.
He had been striking for six weeks
and went out because he could not
make enough money to live on.
Asked by Dresser how he lived on
his low wages, Pomfret answered: 81
have to live Just on what I can
make"
And what do you do for clothes?"
inquired Dresser.
Il never bought no clothes for
The daily worker., 1931-07-01
Gen. Mitchell Asks More Planes For
War on Soviets, Macy Builds Them

cneil.
Andrew Mellon, who is one of the
leading figures In preparing the war
against the Soviet Union, made a
fortune out of the last war. Con-
gresham Patman, speaking of Mel
lon, recently declared: Mellon has
not served under three presidents.
Three presidents have served under
him. He doubtless accumulated more
money during the world war by rea-
son of his country's misery and mis-
fortune than any other war prof
iteer."
Plenty of money for war arma-
ments-millions upon millions--but
when the unemployed demand re-
lief they have been given clubbings
and jailings.
On August 1st, throughout the
world, the revolutionary workers will
call upon the working masses to join
in mighty demonstration against
the war preparations. Every worker
should respond, employed and unem-
ployed While rapidly preparing for
war the capitalists are cutting wages,
throwing more workers into the
streets to starve. All out August 1st.
Defend the Soviet Unionl Demand
all war funds be turned over for
sYpsmHlS SXusnt sgelieil :
The daily worker., 1931-07-01
Mellon Made Fortune
in Last Slaughter;
Wants Another
Europe will feel its first weight"

Europe will feel its first weight"
Then he tells of the sharpening
of the war drives, due to the crisis
and world unemployment-intimat-
ing, but not saying that the upbuild-
ing Of socialism is a dangerous ex-
ample for the rest of the workers
throughout the world and the capi-
talists must rush their war plans.
Then he calls for more armaments,
especially air ornaments.
AS if to answer General Mitchell,
the Navy Department widely cele-
brates what it calls the completion
of the "Five-Year Plan" for air arm
aments.
From Washington comes the news
that the 1000 planes constructed for
the next war are just the beginning.
The Navy announces that 1t was au-
thorized to build 1874 fighting planes
at cost of $85,O7S,750. The work
is going on. The navy, army, air
forces are being got ready for war
the war against the Soviet Union,
.se blImtly admitted Rg asnaEN MI