davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-16
Purebred H0lstein
Bull Sold by A. C..

Dean Ormsby Mercedes, a former
herd sire Of North Dakota Agricul-
tural college Holstein herd, has Just
been shipped to Kansas State College,
Manhattan, according to Prof. J. r.
Dice, Of the dairy department.
Dean Ormsby Mercedes was pur-
chased from f.. g. Schroeder nine
years ago. His sire was Sir Pietertie
Ormsby Mercedes 37th, one Of the
outstanding bulls Of the breed, who
now has more daughters that have
produced over 800 pounds Of butter
fat in q year than any other bull Of
the breed.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-16

Pearl is in DANGER!
The Zeppelin will be PER.
MANENTLY DISABLED by heavy
FIRE! Can JACK save It?
Don't fail to read tomorrow's
installment Of this RED-HOT
serial ION Cupid's Wings" in
which Jack works FAST!
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-01-16

The first baseball league was form
ed in New York in 1857.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
RESTRICTION IN OIL
PRODUCTION URGED
Standard of New Jersey Suggests
agreement to Stabilize Whole
Industry.
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, April 15.-The Stand
arg Oh co. OF New Jersey, publicly
expressing itself for the first time on the
agitation before the last session of
Congress for restricting crude oil inn
ports, suggests that producers agree to
curtah production in both the United
states and the Latin American pro-
ouc1ng countries on a percentage basis
In discussion of this agitation in its
otf1cial publication, The Lamp" the
company urges solution of the problem,
SO that it may be removed as a source
OF dissension among domestic producers
dustry
Standards proposal is that equities
between the United States and South
american producefs be adjusted by es-
tapllsning a percentage ratio between
the Two areas. This was attemDted nv
the Holmes Committee in the early
part OF 1929 when it was urged that
production both in Northern South
American countries dncluding Mex
leo In the group exporting OLD and the
United States be held down to the 1929
level. This plan met with approval IN
the part Of the American petroleum
industry"
10 make such plan effective, STAN
dard suggests that Congress might en-
power the President to invoke a tariff
on oil imports in the event that the
agreed-upon percentage is not main
tanned. 1t points out that since the
United States produces two-thirds of
the world output, whatever reduction
In production is made here could prop-
erly be applied as a yardstick in other
producing areas.
The company indicates the agitation
over foreign oil as stumbling block in
the recent efforts to adjust domestic
production to consumptive requirements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
BONDS ARE F|RMER
| IN BETTER MARKET
Prime ISSUE Hit New Highs.
Junior Rail Group Is
Stronger.
BY F. II. RICHARDSON.

Special Dispatch TO the star.
NEW YORK, April 15-Bonds had
a stronger tone today except in the
foreign department, where liquidation
of Brazilian and other South Amer
lean issues continued. Junior railroad
issues that have recently been extreme
ly weak made substantial recoveries.
Seasoned prime descriptions went to
new highs on a renewal of investment
demand.
The big factor in this was that the
week so far has seen no large offer
ings of new bonds to compete with out
standing issues. Banks, with a rapidly
rising total of savings deposits, are
again in the market for bonds of a
legal description. AS a result such
issues as Atchison General As advanced
strongly.
The demand included American TeIe-
phone SIS and 5l2s, Baltimore & Ohio
first As and 4l2s of 1888, Canadian
Pacific A 12S of 1860, Columbia Gas e.
Electric SIS. Great Northern rs. inland
Steel 412s, Laclede Gas AVS, New York
Central AIS and debenture As, New
York Telephone 4I2s North American
Co SIS, Pennsylvania 4hs, Standard Oil
of New York 412s and Youngstown
Sheet g. Tube SIS.
1t was noteworthy that New York
Central 4l2s and Pennsylvania AIS,
the two recently offered issues that
went to discounts when the syndicates
were dissolved last week, have now re-
covered virtually all the lost ground
The Pennsylvania 4 las sold today at a
slight premium.
Junior railroad bonds were not traded
in large volume, but purchases of small
blocks had wide effects on prices. Erie
SIS of 1867. for instance. ran up over Q
points on sales of only four bonds Erie
IS of 1857 were l y points higher. FRS
co A As were fractionally higher, while
Frisco B SIS gained over a point Chi
cago Great Western As advanced point.
Another group that showed firmness
was the oil bonds, especially Houston
Oil 512s. The company's earnings for
1890 showed a substantial increase and
the interest on the funded debt was
earned SCI times after depreciation, de-
pletion and Federal taxes. The bonds
were offered last year at 81 and are
selling on $40 per cent yield
basis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
POWER OUTPUT DECLINES
AS GAS SALES INCREASE
Special Dispatch to The Star

Special Dispatch to The Star
BALTIMORE, April 15.-Electrical
power output for industrial purposes by
the Consolidated Gas. Electric Light d.
Power Co. of Baltimore during March
registered decline as compared with
March, 1880, while gas output for the
same purpose showed very substan-
tial increase. according to figures Just
made public.
The power supplied to local indus
tries, exclusive of that furnished to
the Bethlehem Steel Co. and the Bal
timore Copper Smelling 81 Rolling Co,
amounted to 35,501,771 kilowatt hours
last month. compared with 38.578.577
in March, 1880, a decrease of 1893 per
cent.
Sales of gas last month for industrial
and commercial purposes totaled 1893
357, ZOO cubic feet, compared with 1885,
1877 700 cubic feet in the like month
year ago. making an increase of 4.O3
per cent
For the first three months of this
year industrial power sales totaIed
l03.67l 1888 kilowatt hours, Compared
with 1882, 536 kilowatt hours in the
first quarter of 1890, while OUTPUT of
Industrial and commercial gas was 8a4 :
$4,000 cubic feet, against 877,O47, 800
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Is available for common stock in first
quarter: company currently operating at
so per cent of CAPACITY.
Best g. Co.-Sales since beginning of
fiscal year reported ahead of 1880 pc
Rod
International Hydroslectric 1880 COM
mon share earnings SALT; earned $242
in period April to December 81, 1929.
Mavis Bottling Co. of America holders
of old common stock of record March
81, are given right to purchase new
class A stock at $3.50 share in ratio
of share for each IS old shares held.
Pennsylvania Railroad stockholders to
vote on capital increase at annual meet
ing.
Spang. Chalfant & Co. may furnish
pipe for new Panhandle-For Worth gas
line of Shamrock Natural Gas Co.
Scott Paper March quarter common
share earnings s1.63, against $1.57.
Tri-Continental Corporation stock
holders authorize increase preferred
stock to 100000 shares from 100000
and common 70 100000 from 6,000,-
900.
Western Union Telegraph March
quarter common share earnings SIPS,
against $1.77.
Williams (R. c. g. Co.-171a cents
quarterly dividend; paid 35 cents pre-
viously
Erie Railroad president states net
income in March will more than offset
deficit of first two months.
Horn g. Hardart Baking-Reported
planning additional financing through
preferred stock.
International Paper & Power, 1880,
81 nrpfefrpd share earnings Cd "a against
SAL,
Mead Corporation 1880 common share
earnings $1.73.
National Public Service 1880 class B
share earnings $2.4l against $2.46, ex-
Guiding profit on sale of securities and
properties in both years.
Otis Elevator March quarter common
share earnings SO cents, against 83
Packard Motor Car first quarter con-
mon share earnings estimated cents.
Strauss (Nathan) Inc, 81 stores in
operation March 81 against SO year ago
Studebaker Corporation first quarter
common share earnings estimated Is
cents.
Superior Oil Corporation 1880 deficit
81 ,684, 1863, against net income 1926, 261
equal to LOS common share in 1929.
Young q. Al Spring g. Wire March
quarter common share earnings, Sc
cents, against SIPS.
Congress Cigar March quarter COM
mon share earnings, GA cents, against
| rs cents.
| Associated Telephone Utilities 1880
! common share earnings, $2.01, against
$1.52.
Central Vermont Public Service pre-
| ferred share earnings, Is months to
December 81, S20.34.
| Virginia Public Service 1880 combined
preferred share earnings, $22.3l, against
| $22.11.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
CORPORATION
REPORTS
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF
LEADING ORGANIZATIONS

NEW YORK, April 15.-The follow
ing is a summary of important corpora
ton news prepared by the Standard
Statistics Co., Inc, New York, for the
Associated Press:
News Trend.
In spite of a moderate undercurrent
of optimism over the immediate outlook
for steel in evidence last week, based on
expected orders and on the untitled
business report Of the United States
Steel Corporation, activity for the in
dustry as whole in the past week is
reported by the Iron Age to have de-
clined to 81 per cent of capacity from
So per cent, continuing a steady decline
CT over three weeks duration. The
composite price of heavy melting steel
scrap computed by the Iron Age, which
often rises in advance of increased steel
mill activity, is reported to have fallen
to $l0.83, the lowest since 1915.
Revenue freight car loadings for the
week ended April 4. reported today.
showed a decrease of IL ,568 cars from
the week before, due in large part to
the observance CT Good Friday. This
decrease, however, is less than the
usual seasonal drop fer this week,
! which fact gives favorable cast to the
loadings report
The unfavorable oil news, consisting
of an increase in daily average crude
output for the week ended April IL. re-
ported yesterday, is net improved by
additional data showing an increase. OF
gasoline stocks at the week end OF
nearly 100000 barrels over the week
before. Gas and fuel OH stocks also
| increased.
In the corporation news two 1880 re-
F, ports show some improvement over the
! year before, those of international
| Paper and Power and of Scott Paper
although the former still reports March
/ quarter results somewhat below last
! year The much-contested Bethlehem
! bonus plan is reported to have APP
parently received support from the ma
| jcrity of the stock but still Is subject
TO pending court review.
The Companies.
Chicago, Burlington 81 Quincy Rail
road expected TO make early application
to l. c. c. for approval of Gulf, Mobile
& Northern control: holds about 26 pei
cent of preferred and common shares
Richfield OIL of California-Specia
audit Of properties being made fol
| Cities Service officials.
Swedish Match Corporation subsidiary
/ German Match, defers dividend ordinar
| lily payable at this time.
| Bethlehem Steel-Bonus plan appar
emily ratified by stockholders; manage
ment announced that it held proxie
representing "a per cent of OUTSTANDING
stock; president states q small balanc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
AUTO SALES IN MARCH.

NEW YORK, April Is lP).-March
returns from 81 States show that the
automobile industry exclusive of Ford
registered last month S44 per cent as
many cars as in the corresponding
month of 1890
Six companies registered more cars
in March this year than in March OF
1880. Two titled at least 80 per cent or
more and 10 companies registered at
least 10 per cent or better last month
as compared with a year ago.
Total March registrations, exclusive
of Ford, were 44,67l cars. Including
Ford, registrations were $685. cars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Receivers Wait on Court.

PHILADELPHIA, April IS up. -
Judge Harry S. McDevitt, who named
receivers last Saturday to take over
the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. be-
cause Of alleged Encouragement on the
part of Mitten Management, Inc, which
the court ordered ousted from the man.
agement Of the transit company.
said the receivers would not undertake
their duties until court proceedings
were ended.
The court made this announcement
today after conference with the re-
ceiyerS.
While it would be legally possible
for the receivers TO take over their
duties at once" said Judge McDevitt,
this will not be done. The receivers
will await the appeal to be filed by the
transit interests before holding meet
ings or filing the 100000 bond re-
Quired of them"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Canadian Candy Consumption.

BY the Associated Press.
Canadians eat more candy, on the
average, than residents of the United
States.
Canada's per capita candy consumn-
ton for 1929, the Commerce Depart-
ment is informed was 1874 pounds.
showing steady gain through the two
preceding years, against 1898 pounds
for the United States.
Canadas average for 1929 falls be-
tween those recorded for that year for
the two Northern border States of Min
1esota and Washington. Most of the
other Northern States we're above the
average for the United States as a
whole, 'while practically all the South
ern States were below 1t.
These circumstances are viewed as
supporting the belief candy, composed
largely of sugar-producing heat and
energy, is eaten in greater quantities in
the colder regions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Corporate Profits.
BY the Associated Press.

tflt hSaOCIaIed
Corporate profits for the first quar-
ter of 1881 are almost certain to be
lower than for the last quarter of 1880,
which marked the bottom for recent
years.
The forecast is based on the prevail
ing low volume of productivity, gen.
orally, and failure of commodity prices
to show signs of becoming stabilized.
Another factor is pared pay rolls, as
$40 reports of salary reductions during
March were made to the Department of
Labor. This was a gain of five over
January. which marked the previous
record, and contrasts with only rs for
the same month of 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
POTATO MARKET

CHICAGO, April Is R Omitted
States Department of Agriculture =
Potatoes-ReceiptS, 106 cars; on track.
268 cars; total United States Shipments
70; old stock, market steady; trading
only fair; carlot sacked per cwt.: wis
consin round whites, 1.45al.55; un-
graded I.25al 80; Minnesota round
whites. locals IS; Idaho Russets. No !
1.65a1.70; no. 2, 1.30a1.35; few. lao:
new stock, trading rather slow, market
barely steady. Texas Bliss Triumphs
4.00a4.25; few higher; small stock
lower; Florida new, barrel, 8.O0a9 90.
according to quality.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
FREIGHT LoADINGs DROP
" the Associated Press.

Observance of Good Friday caused a
decline of 1853 cars in total loadings
of revenue freight during the week
ended April as compared with the
previous period. The loadings, for COM
parable weeks, as tabuIated by the
American Railway Association, follow,
Week ended April 4. ...... .728, 5l1 cars
Previous week .......... TAO, 079 cars
Same week last year. $500. 908,0 cars
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
TREASURY CERTIFICATES.
Washington Stock Exchange

NRSiiiIStOtI StOOh LANIlQtISC
SALES.
Cap. Trac SIS '47-S1 900 at TIA, $1,000
at TIA, $1,000 at TIA.
Wash. Gas IS $500 at 1929.
Cap. Traction-10 at 32a, so at 32ka,
so at 32l2.
Union Trust Colo at 2I0.
Lanston Monotype--1 at los, / at 105
Mergenthaler Linotype at 81, 10 at
8012, 10 at 805s.
Natl. Mtge. g. Inv pfd.-10 at Az
Carpet Corps at PAS, 10 at 247s
10 at 243s.
AFTER CALL.
Wash. Gas Is SO A-Sl00 at 102.
Pot. Elec Pow. 5129o pfd.-5 at ITO.
Wash. Casio at 124, 10 at 124, 20 at
1874
Cap. fractions at 1922.
Wash. Gas IS A-Sl 900 at 1924.
Cap. Trac. IS 81 900 at TIA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
Steel scran Prices Reduced.

NEW YORK, April is UP.-The Iron
Age composite price for heavy melting
steel scrap has declined to 1903, the
lowest level since 1915. Pig iron i
unchanged at $I5.79 a gross ton and
finished steel remains at 2.l2s cents q
pound.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

Fifty kilowatts of electricity is
equivalent TO 81 horsepower, more than
the majority Of automobile engines de-
velop.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

There are 10 species of the cobra
snake, all Of them found in the Old
World.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
AFTER CALL.
Bid and Asked Prices
BONDS.
PUBLIC UTILITY.

Bid. Asked.
Amer Tel & Telga. Alas 3D.. 1873 -.
Am. Tel. & Tel. ctl. tr, 5s..... 106
Anacostia & Pot. r. r. SIS. ~ go.
AnacoStia a. Pot guar. 5S..... 80 100
c. g. p. Tel. of Va IS ......... 1903 -.
Capital Traction r. r. $751;. TIA 71ss
City a. Suburban 5s........... q go.
Georgetown Gas LIST 5s...-..... 104 1O534
Potomac Elec. cons. Sc ........ 103I2 .....
Potomac Eiec 6S 1853. .......... 1854
Wash. Alex. & Mt. Yer. cts. -.
Wash. BALTIC & Annap. 5S.-... ID q
Washington Gas 4las.......... 9994 100l2
WASHINGTON Gas 5s.........,.. 105 JOG
Wash. Gas IS, series A....... l02 1929
Wash. Gas IS. series B........ JOB lO6
Wash. Rwy. 4 Elec. 4s........ SO 1874
MISCELLANEOUS.
Barber & Ross, Inc, 61as.....,. 50 49,.
Chevy Chase Club 5I2S.. 10l -.
Columbia Country Club 5l2s. leo 102
d. c. Paper Mfg. IS. ........... 80 81
Wash. Mkt. Cold Storage 5s... "a 80.
Wash Gems Title IS. ......,... $50. 100
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

science. ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
FIRE INSURANCE.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Barber & Ross Inc. com. ...... II Is
Col. Medical Bldg. Corp. o.. S5 -.
Col. Sand Gravel pfd. (D.... g31a g6
Dist Natl Sec. pfd. CD 68 70
Elmer. Bromo-SelZ. IA o.. go 32
Federal Storage pfd. (S(. ....., ITO l3O
Fed.-Am. Co. com l.20D. Il ~
Fed.-Am. Co pfd 90 ,....,.... go log
Lanston Monotype go ........ l03 !06
Mer. TT. & Stge. com. (l0)..... 93 l00
Mer. TT. & Stge. pfd. tl...... go 100
Mergenthaler Linotype to-. o0t2 S0S4
Natl Mtge. & Inv. pfd. d.. 41s %
Peoples Drug s. pfd.. (61a) .... 102 lO3
Real Est NJ. G.. pfd. 90 61a y
Security Storage (4e) ..,..,.,... l04 ll3
Ter Ref & VIII. Corp (3c)...,. 40 %
The Carpet Corp. u.56cl.. 24s4 2512
w. Mech Mtge. com. 90 ,..... 61s -.
Wash Med. Bldg. Corp. ID. .... e5
Woodward & Lothrop com. 20 go.
woodward & Lothrop pfd. Cd. 105
sEx dividend ella% extra
b Books closed. sec extra
c5Oc extra t19% extra
n25c extra. 80 extra.
f30c extra. N4@ extra
$40 extra. T5ss extra
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15
STOCKS.
PUBLIC UTILITY.
NATIONAL BANK.

Amer Sec. e. TT. Co. l5). 800 81
continental Trust (6) .. lis IL
Natl SAVINGS a Trust ii2f) 49, ABS A.
R tJ1ion T Ts3St Bank trust. 2os u
Wash. Loan e. Trust G4D ....... ABS At
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-15

PA 2h Sou Cal Ed. Apr Sc 2X 2s 2H on
Sales OK Stocks on New York Exchange
1880 AM. 200 900 1900 Noon 900 oOo
1889 + M....... 100000 2:l0 ..... ! 500 600
DIVIDEND rates given the annual
payments oased or the latest
AZ Unit OF trading less than Partly extra 4Plus
sPayable in 9PluS
regular payable
p IN cash or stock Plus 80 stock
STOCK Plus SOC
20 IA STOCK m Pald this yearno regular
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-23
MINNEAPOLIS MAKES GREAT
BID FOR ASSOCIATION LEAD
Mi!Iers Only Halt Game Behind
Saints and Two Games Be-
hind Louisville

Chicago. June 2~3.-(P)-Minneap-
oils Tuesday was the latest patch on
the American Association crazy
quilt leadership situation.
The Millcrs Monday outpointed To-
,cdo, 6 to q. whites the other TwiE-
City cntrant. st. Paul. was absorbing
a 10 to 7 slannning from Columbus.
with the result that Mike KelleyS
club was just one-half game behind
Inc Saints. and two games behind the
,aading Louisville Colonies,
Since the season started. Louisville
st. Paul. Columbus. Milwaukee and
Toledo have been in the whip seat.
only Kansas City, Indianapolis. and
he Millers have not been in the lead.
ID the latter organization, pilote6
thu dean of association managers,
~->'-ing q big bid.
Columbus came out Of its hitting
slump to batter four Saint hurlers for
10 hits.
Louisville retained its Two game
...-,-I Ger st, Paul aid drove NIL
-aukcc Below the 500 line by trim
ming the Brewers. 5 to 2.
Indianapolis won a long drawn Out
contest Monday night from Kansas
City. 4 to 3. The Indians scored the
winning run IN the 10th.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-23
WIN FIRST GAMES IN
SECOND SECTION OF.
.KITTENbALL LEAGUE
Dairymen WaIIop G. P. Eat
Shop, 17-13, and Linesmen
Trim Wills, 1917
CHEFS GUILTY OF II ERRORS
Telephone Men Bunch Three
Hits in Last Inning to
Break TT Deadlock
CHEFS GUILTY OF II ERRORS
STANDINGS

Bismarck Dairy. which finished
strong in the first section OF ire
schedule. and Northwestern Bell.
which started strong in the earle"
bracket, Monday night got Oil TO 4
flying start in the second section o.
the Bismarck Diamondball league.
The Dairymen defeated the q. z.
Fat Shop. winners of the first section.
II to l3 in a SUGGEST, and the lines
men punched hits in the last inning
to defeat the o. H. Will company III
to 7 in a thrilling contest.
The Chefs lost to the Dairymen in
spite Of their five home runs. M
Hummel. on the mound for the MIX
men, allowed the Chefs II hits, strlk-
ing out four batsmen. M. Goetz. Chef
twirler. allowed but 10 hits and also
struck out four Milkmen, but IL Chef
errors brought about the Dairy win.
The Telephone men punched three
hits in the last half Of the seventh
40 score three runs and break a Z to
7 tie. Dale Brown, Northwestern
hurler, started poorly and allowed the
Seedmen three runs before the thlGd
man in the first inning vas retired,
but the Linesmen found Adam Brown
in the second to score five times. The
game then progressed as a pitchers
battle. The linesmen garnered 10
hits while the Seedmen were credited
with only seven.
The Co. A-Capital Laundry game
will be played after the National
Guards return from Camp Grafton.
summaries for Monday nights
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1931-06-23
Boys Developing
AT New England
Ray Whiting, N. D. A. c. HurIer.
Brings New Life to Junior
Baseball System

New England, N. D., June 23.-An
interesting experiment which is work.
ing with apparent success is being
tried out in New England this sea-
son. where interest in baseball sur
passes even the days before the World
war.
When the managers of the New
England baseball team hired Ray
Whiting, former first string pitcher
for the University Of Minnesota, to
hurl for the team they also included
a clause in his contract that he
should coach all the youngsters in
town in the great national sport.
Whiting, who now Is a senior az
the North Dakota Agricultural COL
lege, is majoring in education and he
likes the position as coach. Young
America in New England likes Whit
ing and every day there are from 30
to so small boys at the ball park,
where there have been many exciting
games. Right now there are more
than a half dozen ball teams in New
England, with players ranging in age
from eight to 40 years.
New England is proud of the Fire.
men, the fast first team, for which
Whiting pitches. Still many Of the
fans feel the most important work he
is doing is training the young