davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

give farm produce than actual cash. Prices for many of our farm prod- ucts are ridiculousiy low. However. the food value of bushel of onions. carrots. etc. is just as great this year as ever.
 For this reason Williamson post .s94 has committed itself to the col- lection of another carload of food. stuffs and warm, serviceabIe cloth- ing for both children and adult and then turn it over to the local chapter of the American Red Cross for forwarding to the national Red Cross in the drouth area".
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

the object, permitting light from i, to pass through to the seleniun. This process Nipkow called "scan.
 ming" and this term still is applied to the process of cutting up an
 image to be televised into paths Of light.
 Light Is Strengthened The light permitted to pass
 through the disc holes was ex- tremeIy faint and produced very little effect on the light-sensitive element behind. In 1910. there- fore, A. Ekstrom. Swedish inven- tor, decided to put the source os light back of the disc and the light sensitive element in front and to one side, where Nipkow originally had his light source. Thus he was abi" to scan an object directly with h strong beam of light.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14


 of the scanning disc. therefore of holes in the spiral. Thus disc with 30 holes will produce 900 light flashes in one rev. olution. The interval between the first light flash at the upper left hand corner of the scene and the booth at the lower right hand corner is equal to the time it takes the disc to make one complete revolutioa. This is only a small fraction of a sec ond. The disc has to be kept rotat- ing at g speed of not less than 15 revolutions second in order to pro- duce an image in the receiver whic': the human eye can recognize. That means 900 times 15, or 13,500 light flashes a second.
 Since each light flash produces
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
Hard, Red and Very Sore PimpIes
 on Face. Healed by CutiClra.

fifteen years old pimples my face Thse were hard and red and The pmpes festrd and sealed about five years.
 tried different remedies did good an adver- seent for Cuca Soap and Ointment and sample of each After using them was completely heaed ienedl Edwin Lewis 20 Marble St. Brandon. Vt, June 10, l9aO. Ssa . x
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
PICTURES NOW BROADCAST
 ON THESE WAVES

Four frequency bands, or wave- lengths, upon which television is now being broadcast experiment. ally. are:
 2ooo-21oo lkiiocycles. or 14s.4 meters.
 2io0-22oo kilocycIes. or Iss meters.
 2l5O-esso kilocycles. or 1o7.2 meters.
 2S5o-2s5o kilocycles. or 1885 meters.
 Tn addition. wTMJ. Mil waukee. has permission to ex- pertinent on channel width of 1000 kilocycles. or from 43,000 to 44.000 kiiocycles or
 Also. the frequency from 22O0 to 2300 kilocycles (133.3 meters) is assigned to experi- mentors in the south and southwest where they will no, interfere with present assign ments elsewhere.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
Rabbi Harry E. Schwartz
 On The Synagogue

The synagogue is the chief agency for the preservation of Jewish fife outside of Palestine, said Rabbi Harry E. Schwartz, speaking at the meeting of the Zionist district held in the Hebrew Institute last evening. To the synagogue should come Jews of all ages for social, cultural and spiritual interests. he stated. A dis- cussion period followed in which the rabbi answered many questions.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
BY ISRAEL KLEIN

DI. ASxs<AA1H 1kAzAzA1S N
 (Science Editor, NEA Servfce) (Copyright. 1881, NEA Service, Incl
 Widespread experiments all over he world suggest the many and va lied problems that face television engineers before the this new mira cle of science can be made practical. To understand these problems one should know exactly what television is and how 1t works.
 The secret of television lies in the conversion of light into electrical impulses and back again into light. The medium of transmission. wire or radio, raises only a secondary prob lem.
 How to create these fast electrical impulses and reconyert them into an
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

corresponding electrical impulse in
 the transmitter, there would be 13,-
 500 impulses per second going
 through the wires or over the radio
 channel used to transmit them. These impulses are referred to as frequencies.
 Receiver Works Similarly In the receiver, duplicate of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

ornicopter. an airplane which flies up, down and sideways. It actually works, too, except that the motors have to be stopped whenever a change in the ships direction is made. But then that's.a minor diffi- culty and will be ironed out before Johnson gets a live man to fly a full sized model, he said.
 The piece de resistance of the show is a perpetual motion machine that works on an entirely new prin- ciple. that of sixes and hines.
 It is a wheel studded along the rim with figure sixes made of iron. When the wheel Is given gentle push, the sixes turn upside down and becomes hines. The iron figure hines, of course, are topheavy, fall downward and become sixes again, thereby keeping the wheel in per- petual motion.
 "But think that maybe there's some trick to it," admitted Edison. Its probably done with mirrors or something"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

Washington, D. C., April 14.-The American Association of Public Well fare Officials will have it's first na- tional conference in Minneapolis, June 15-2O, during the week of the 5Sth annual meeting of the National Conference of Social Work. The con- ference will consider problems of public welfare in state, county and municipal administration.
 The association was organized in Boston in June last year to serve as a central clearing house of informa- tion relating to the special problems of the public agency in the public welfare field. Its purpose is to enlist the cooperation of all agencies en- gagged in public welfare work. includ- ing federal, state, county and municipal agencies. In this respect it is broader than the associations of state and princial health officers or of state and provincial labor of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
Scientists Now Labor For Practical Application Of Principle
 Discovered Long Ago

is of series of six stories
  explains in dunule langua hoyyte teIcviso works
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14
gpege19|ssSSS,s|Aa

' . image of the original scene has in trigued scientists for 50 years. The theory has been we'll established. but it is the successful application cf this theory that remains the chief object of television research.
 In 1884 a German scientist named Nipkow decided that, by breaking up d scene into tiny spots of light and shadow. he could convert each. of these spots into an electrical i'm pulse. He could do this by taking advantage of an accidental discovery made II years earlier by an English engineer named Willoughby Smith.
 Smith, stationed at he Valentia, Ireland, terminal of the newly com pleted telegraph cable from the United States was trying to measure the electrical resistance of selenium. p chemical element, when he noticed that it's resistance was reduced when light struck it. He found also that the resistance, or rather the condue- tivity, of selenium varied as the in tensity of the light varied.
 i, Here, therefore, was the means .by which, Nipkow thought h'' could convert the variations Of light spots in scene into elec- rticaI impulses of correspondint: intensity. He cut out metal disc and around it's edge. in the form of a spiral, he drilled a series of tiny holes. each hole just slightly under the preceding hole and an inch or so away.
 Setting the disc up so he could rotate it freely. he placed an oD- feet on one side and a lght-sensi- tive element. like selenium. on the other. both object and selenium be- ing in direct line through the holes
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

Women are not allowed to ap- pear without a hat in two places churches and courts of justice.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

Scientists soon found. other more sensitive clements than selenium and put them to use in vacuum tube form which they called "photo- electric cell" This is the "electric eye' which 'ssees' the scene to be televised and converts the light va riations from 1t into corresponding electrical impulses.
 When the scanning disc is rotated before a scene to be televised. by the Ekstrom method, it directs a beam of light across the scene from side to side and top to bottom. This beam actually is a series of inter mittent beams or dots of light pass ing through the holes of the disc Each dot of light on the scene lasts only tiny fraction of a second. as long as the hole through which il passes is between the light source and the scene.
 Series of Flashes
 The action of the scanning disc results in a series of tiny flashes of light coming from the televised scene in an orderly zig-zag form.
 There are as many flashes or dots of lights across the scene, and as many lines of light dots from top to bottom, as there are holes i'd the disc. The total number of flight flashes in a single revolution
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

Pope Joan was favorite cart game in the eighteenth century.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1931-04-14

NEXT: How scientists are trying
 to perfect television from this crude start.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
SENATOR KING FAVORS
TIGHTENING TRUST LAWS
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Senator King OF Utah discussed pro-
posals for amending the antitrust acts
with Attorney General Mitchell last
week.
The Utah solon is strongly in favor of
tightening rather than liberalizing these
acts. and, as chairman of the Subcom-
mittee of the Senate judiciary Commit
tee, which will conduct hearings on
proposed amendments next Winter, is
hopeful restrictive legislation will be
adopted.
He declares he is not In favor Of
Government in business and believes
that lowering the bars would result in
the establishment of Federal commits
Sions designed to control business.
Secretary Of Commerce Lamont like
wise voiced protests against the Gov
eminent In business last week He told
hearing before the National Timber
Conservation Board that ANY control
Of industrial conditions must come
from within the industry itself"
Mr.. Lamont said there was no easy
solution for overproduction and re-
minded the lumber group that other
industries notably oil, are In as bad
condition. If not worse While conced-
ing that it is obvious overproduction in
industry must be brought under control.
he said that 1.-The less the Government
goes into that the better on everybody
will be-"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
BY CHARLES F. sPEARE.
speeia, r,i.psteh 70 The Star.

6peClal DlSpeJCn TO Inc 6LaT.
NEW YORK, June 17.--There were
two portions of President. Hoover's In
dianapolis speech which were read with
much interest In Wall Street. They
had to do with the speculative selling
of securities and commodities and with
the effect of the present capital gains
tax on markets when they are rising
and when they are falling.
The influence of the professional
bear" on the stock market in the last
year has been the subject Of animated
debate throughout the financial district
Those who have persistently stated in
print that not a little Of the deprecia-
ton in stocks was being brought about
by the organized efforts of band OF
"sharpshooters, or "guerillas," operat-
Exchange, have been criticized and told
that the selling there was all by holders
of actual securities.
Raids on Markets.
In the early portion Of his Indian
apolis address President Hoover refers
to the fears and apprehensions of the
public over business conditions and for
eign affairs and says that there is Q
minority Of people who would make 20.
litical, capital out Of the depression
Then he states other small groups ir
the business world make their contribu-
ton to distress by raids on our mar.
kets with the purpose to profit from
depreciation Of securities and commodi.
ties.
Both groups are within the law and
they are equally condemned by ouI
public and business opinion; they are
by no means helpful to the Nation
Later in his speech he said lit Is equally
obvious that we must determine wheth-
er the facilities of our security and com.
modify exchanges are net being used
to create illsgitimate speculation and
intensity depressiots."
It Is significant that since the last
QUESTIONABLE on short selling went from
the committee on business conduct Of
the New York Stock Exchange to the
members Of that organization there
has been little evidence of concentrates
attack on the market such 90 chafac.
terized operations there all through tn,
late Winter and Spring months. Ais
| the market turned sharply upward soef
after this QUESTIONABLE was issued, al
1t had done In November, 1929 It Il
clear from President Hoover's pointed
reference to raids on our markets tina
| in washington, at least, there is the be-
| lief that investors have net been thu
cniy sellers and that those who l1avt
sold possibly may have been forced q
sen through the depreciation effected II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
CURB SHARESSAG
in LIGHT TURNOVER
|0il Group FIuctuates Widely.
utilities Make Better Show
ing-MineS Irregular.
BY JOHN A. CRONE.

Special Dispatch to The star.
NEW YORK, June 17.-Curb mar
4 ket stocks sagged today IN light trading.
Once again it was dif1cult to con-
meet the markets movements with any
thing in the news, unless the continued
decline In the steel induStry'S activity
could be said to have general effect.
This was expected, however, and prob
ably the only important reason for to-
days selling was the indifference OF
traders to the markets movements.
Rumors emanating from the head Of
fices of Vacuum Oil and Standard Oh
of New York regarding their merger
terms and the opposition Of certain
groups OF stockholders caused wide
Fluctuations in Vacuum OH and sym
pathetically affected other oil stocks.
Vacuum dropped at one time to q net
loss of over 4 points on the day. Stand
ard Oil of Indiana and Standard OF
Kentucky were narrowly lower. Cities
Service held steady at 11k in the fore:
noon.
A string Of utility earning reports
showing net income well maintained
or increased was responsible for the
resistance of utilities to the markets
downturn. Electric Bond g. Share at
its forenoon low was only off fraction
ally. American Superpower chung stub
bornly to small net gain. Small losses
were shown by Associated Gas IL Elec-
tric A, American g. Foreign Power War
rants, Brazilian Traction, Eastern States
Power B, Middle West Utilities, Mag
ara Hudson Power and Utilities Power
& Light.
The sole issue to show activity in
the industrial list was General Thea
ters Equipment preferred, which drop
ped small fraction and later braced.
Fox TheaterS was off a shade. Deere
& Co. was heavy. American Cyanamid
B and ST. Regis Paper were quiet.
Swift International pointed higher, but
Swift s. Co. was lower.
Goldman Sachs and United Found
ers, both with small declines, were the
only performers in the trading corpora
tions. In the mine shares Newmont was
slightly lower, while Hudson Bay Mining
& Smelling and United Verde were
steady. Roam Antelope Copper Mines,
an inactive stock, was OF over q point
at 611.
Ford. Ltd, eased. many sales taking
place around the 1912 level. The Ford
rent employment was about 10000 work.
ers, an increase of several hundred over
last week and comparing with $4,000
during peak operations in April.
United Gas was active again, but
operations to move the price higher naet
with Scane success. Appalachian, Du-
quesne Gas and Arkansas Natural Gas
preferred were quiet and most Of the
time unchanged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET

CHICAGO. June II R Omitted
States Department Of Agriculture) -
Hogs. $4,000 head, including 1000 d.
rect; active, 16A25 higher; packing
sows, strong to 10 up; bulk, i70-250
pounds, 7.l0a7.20; top, 7.25; 2eo-375
pounds, 6.l0a7.10; pigs, 6.76a7.00; pack
ing sows. S.1oaS.S6: light light, good
and choice, l40-l6o pounds, e.s5a7.IS
medium weight, 2o0-3So pounds, 7.ooa
7.2S; heavy weight, 250-350 pounds,
0.16A7.1S; packing sows, medium and
good. 275.500 pounds, b.1oa5.S6; slaugh-
ter pigs, good and choice, 10O-l30
pounds, 675a7.00.
Cattle, 1000 head: calves, 5000: all
yearlings and light steers active, steady
to strong; medium and heavy weight
steers slow, steady to weak; butcher
stock slow, about steady. bulls weak;
better grade vealers steady: early top
and heavies, e.25.
Slaughter cattle and vealers, steers,
good and choice, 000.S00 pounds, lisa
900; COOL 100 pounds, 7.50a9.O0; 100
1900 pounds, 7.25a8.75: l,300-l 500
pounds, 7.0oa8.50; common and me-
dun, COOL 800 pounds, 6.00a7.26;
heiferS, good and choice, 550-65O
pounds, 7.25a6.15; common ana me-
dunn, 5.25a7.26; cows, good and choice,
4.50; low cutter and cutter, 2.50a3.75;
bulls (yearlings excluded, good and
choice (beef), 4.00A4.50; cutter to me-
diunl, 3.26al.25; veAlers lmilk fed),
6.O0aS.00 medium, 6.50a6.O0; Gull and
common, 5.00a6.SO; stocker and feeder
cattle, steers, good and choice, 500-1 .050
pounds, 6.00A7.50; common and me-
dunn, 600a6.00.
Sheep Receipts, $4,000 head; mostly
steady: better grade native eve and
wether lambs, 7.75a8.50; IdahoS held
higher; unsold; good yearlings, 500;
most fat ewes, l.00aI.76; lambs, 90
pounds down, good and choice, 7.75a
| 900; medium, 6.OOa7.7A; all weights,
common, 4.50a6 90; ewes. e0.150 pounds
medium to choice, i.O0a2. so; ell weights,
Gull and common, 6oal.26.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
EFFECTS OF SHORT SELLING
ARE DECRIED BY PRESIDENT
Market Raiders, While Within Law, Are
Not Helpful to Nation, Hoover De-
clares-Capital Taxes and Booms.

their securities by professional bands
Of market raiders.
Capital Gains Taxes.
After the panic in November, 1929,
there were many measures proposed by
members Of Congress for curbing specu-
lation. None of these ever reached the
point of serious consideration. There
was an unwillingneSs en- the part Of
conservative members Of Congress to
tices at time when business was gen.
orally disorganized. President Hoovers
emphasis on what are admittedly un.
fair speculative practices during the pc.
Rod of national crisis and his question:
ing Of the uses Of exchanges In tlegiti-
mate speculation may lead to further
consideration of such practices by the
new Congress ccnvening In December.
The other portion Of his address
which concerned Wall Street centered
around this statement:
1T is obvious that our taxes upon
capital gains viciously promote the
booms and Just as viciously intensity
depressions. In order to avoid taxes
real estate and stocks are withheld from
the market in times Of rising prices
and for the same reason large quantities
are dumped on the market in times Of
depression"
The clear inference from this is that
President Hoover believes that there
should be some modification of the cap
ital gains tax law. During 1928 and
1929, when the stock market was buoy.
ant, many holders Of high priced indus.
trial and public utility shares were un.
willing to sell them because of thu
enormous taxes which they would have
to pay on the profits resulting from tho
sale. This intensified market situa.
ton featured by great scarcity o.
stocks. Had there been moderate tai
on capital gains, or none at all. holders
OF securities would have sold and equal.
lied the effect Of over-optimism else
where.
Last November ana December, whez
the market was breaking under Thu
effect Of heavy liquidation by banks
, the public aggravated the situation b
selling out several million shares o.
stock In order to relieve itself Of In.
come tax payments this year. tn;
sequel OF this was q tremendous drop II
tax payments last March.
Treasury's Attitude.
The Treasury Department does no
take kindly to any suggestion for /
radical change in the capital gains tax
1t is argued that while the experience
OF this year in having 70 borrow BE-
cause income tax payments are 30 ANAL
! Is unpleasant The income year ~ an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
SPOT TRADING IS QUIET
IN CHEMICAL MARKETS
Special Dispatch to The star.

special Dispatch TO Inc star.
NEW YORK, June 7.-Withdrawals
against running contracts in the coun-
trys heavy chemical markets have
shown a tendency to slow down in re.
cent weeks and spot trading has not
been marked by any particular activity.
Chemical g. Metallurgical Engineering
reports.
Seasonal influences have increased de-
mand for certain chemicals and good
interest has been reported for copper
Sulphate, calcium arsenate calcium
chloride, lead arsenate, chlorate Of soda,
citric and tartaric acids. Consumption
of chemicals in the textile industry like
wise has held up wsll and other con-
Stunning lines have been taking fairly
normal quotas, so that, generally con-
Sidered, the total tonnage movement has
been satisfactory.
While the weighted index number for
chemicals was slightly lowered last
month, the majority Of offerings showed
q tendency to maintain former levels
and only minor changes in either direc-
ton are anticipated for the near future.
The Summer months, with a slowing
down in industrial activities, usually
brings out soft spots in the market. but
prices have declined to such an extent
that an exception may. be found this
Summer. Spirits Of ttirpentine again
held q slightly higher average for the
month, but ethyl acetate. benzol and
other chemicals were lower. Copper
sulphate made new low price record
during the period.
Although improvement in the tonnage
movement Of chemicals was not general
throughout the second quarter Of the
year the gains reported In different
divisions Of the industry were regarded
as more than an cffset to the losses
incurred in other branches. Hence the
total movement In the second quarter Is
expected to show up in the f1nal fle-
ure as registering gain over the total
for the first three months Chemical
d Metallurgical Engineeringis weighted
index Of chemical prices settled ut 88.4o
for june, against ss.62 last month and
05.0T in June 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
Grain Market

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, June 17.--Sensational
estimates of crop damage in Canada
dian growers pool reported wheat con-
dition Of the prairie provinces as 10 per
cent of normal, against 86 a year ago.
Other authorities figured the Canadian
crop at 226,0O0,000 to ass, 900 900
bushels, compared with $4,000, 900 har-
vested last year.
Wheat closed irregular at n cent de-
cline to y cent advance, corn I'M
changed to n higher, oats unchanged
and provisions showing cents to Is
cents gain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
BOND ISSUES AWARDED.

BALTIMORE. June II Especially -
John p. Baer & Co. Of Baltimore were
successful bidders for an issue of $10,-
600 Laurel, Md. street Improvement
AZ per cent bonds. The successful bid
was l0i.069 The bonds mature July
/, 1916.
Weilepp. Bruton g. Co. Of this city
we're awarded an issue of $4,000 Queen
Anne County school loan S per cent
bonds. The issue natures $4,000 an
nually from 1888 to 1942.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
Markets at a Glance

NEW YORK. June II (H1.-Stocks
heavy; Westinghouse lowest In seven
years. Bonds irregular; industrials and
German issues gain. Curb steady;
Vacuum Oil declines. Foreign exc
changes irregular: Canadian improves.
Cotton easy; favorable weather. Sugar
steady: steady spot situation. Coffee
lower: foreign selling.
CHICAGO, June II R.--Wheat
steady; bullish weather and crop news.
Corn steady; rain needed Southwest
Cattle steady to strong. Hogs higher.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-17
FREIGHT LOADINGs.
% the Associated Press

Loadings Of revenue freight rose
sharply during the week ended June 6
as compared with the previous week.
when a heliday was observed, Men1o-
rial day. The totals. for comparable
periods. as measured by the American
Railway Association, follow:
Week ended June 8, 760,89O cars.
Previous week, 7i0.e34 cars Same week
last year, sa6,So2 cara.