davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-04-05
Women 5 Club
Entertained Blu
Mrs. Anderson

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-04-05

Mrs = c F-15z- EFF re fir
Of the Eeek for A-z5z-z =az-e s-e
was called % the BEDSIDE OF r.
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family spent tie weekend -1-h NJ
Cco-s h-1.1s-. " 4 O61z- a.
FI-1
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7-1o-oe lie z--.Ts- O. q FIVE
pound baby boz O. Tuescay.
Mother and baby are dcE-z rsresv.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-04-05
DINNER Party Il
COMPLIMENT

Ms Msc- Hal @ LE.o7c c
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~ rzrv - her here Ssf-cAt-
80 1880 benz Nr- Lz-c-ElEA
hr---cz-- Eh--- -Es-lF - 9
-rre r--sS-- Mining
NJ Tz-r-e-E EE %s-CT AL+9
znd --z--s--. Hard S-e-z- G.
rEs rzCs-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Postal Savings

congress should grant the request Of Postmaster
General Brown and increase the maximum allowed
individual depostors in postal savings banks from
$500 to $4,000.
Inc postal savings system has proved success
N normal times, life in depression days Dur
ing the last year its growth has been greater than at
any period in twenty-year history. Between July l.
$780, and July l. 1884, the number Of depositors in
creased from 4664O1 to 76272 and the total deposits
from s175,2716 86 to $34588746O On Aug 81 Of this
year the deposits were S414985 1888.
Practically all of this is timid money 1t repre-
sents the savings of those who not afford to lose
cent. Had 1t not gone into the governments postal
banks, much Of it would have gone into hiding under
mattresses and behind hreplaces
Although 1t may be withdrawn at any time, it
as safe as the government itself.
Opposed at first by the bankers, the postal savings
system now is praised by them. They realize that in
times Of depression this system tends to keep money
in circulation that otherwise would be boarded The
money is reloaned Immediately to banks who pay the
government 2h per cent and guarantee its safety
through deposits of government bonds and other ap-
proved collateral
The meritorious work performed by this system
should not be handicapped by the rigid limitation
Of $4,000 which is most burdensome and purposeless
In times Of financial distress, when millions of dollars
go into hiding" Postmaster Brown declares.
We agree.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Inside the Farm Board

The so-called inside stories of alleged improper
operations Of the federal farm board and it's grain
cotton and other agencies are multiplying. 1t ap-
pears that when congress investigates the board
these stories will be retod. The Investigators
tainy, should make dilgent effort to prove or dis
prove them.
If dsproved, the farm board would benefit; if
proven, they will only add details to the general pic
ture of the board with which the country apparently
is thoroughly familiar.
In either the fact will remain that the board
in its $5OOOOOOOO Spree has shown itself utterly in
capable of providing that long-sought thing called
farm relief
1t has demonstrated that governmental attempts
to peg prices disastrous. 1t has illustrated the
fallacies of specializing in commodity markets with
public funds. 1t has shown how political remedies
will not fundamental economic ills of agricul-
ture. 1t has fooled the farmer and upset producers
middlemen and consumers.
The farm board is discredited by its actions that
have been open and above board 1t does not take
the revelation Of undercover operations, if any, to
show what mistake the administration made
Congress should consider the board in this broad
view in investigating it, revamping it, aboshng it
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Liberty in Los Angeles

Liberty is word in the dictionary a weekly
magazine, town in Missouri, and a statue in New
York harbor It might help the city of Los Angeles
to recall that liberty also is of the three things
the United States fought its revolution to preserve
and thereupon wrote with blood into its Constitution
Apparently Los Angeles cossack-like police have
forgotten this For recently, after one Captain Will
liam Hynes, head of misnamed intelligence bureau
refused citizens the right of peaceful assenblage in
one of the citys big halls, where they wished to
protest the Mooney and Harlan county outrages the
police amuck in the mass meeting at Pershing
square.
They swung clubs, slugged men and women
drenched the square and surrounding hotel Hobbies
with tear gas appropriated a useles riot. Indg-
nant citizens threaten recall against Mayor
Porter
once again Los Angeles peace" officers have
heaped unnecessary odum upon their city. It is
unfortunate for the citys bar association recently
had begun to nst respect for the law in the police
department.
Some of the fault probably lies with the Los
Angeles voters, who according to Ernest Hopkins,
former WickerSham commission investigator have
swamped their police with tasks of regulating the
pubcS moral and economic views instead of catching
the big crooks for which the city is famous
Every Californian" writes the San Francisco
News of this incident who cherishes the Constitution
of his country, who believes in law and order who
mas sense of decency, is ashamed of Los Angeles"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
The Railroads and Wage Cuts

illuminating facts about the whole present rail-
way situation are assembled fully by Daniel Whiting
in Editorial Research Reports.
There is no doubt that the railroads are in a hard
way just now. This is primarily due to: Cd afro
cious mistakes of the early railroad builders in
structing too many lines and in following winding
and indirect routes and CD pratical exploitation of
railroad operation and finance in the generation of
Gould, Drew and their associates. Both operators
and aborers today suffer for the sins of those who
controlled our roads from 1870 to 1900.
But we can not relieve the days of Gould and
eliminate the sins of that age The crisis is here We
must deal with it as of 1881 rather than 1881.
In 1880 the net operating revenue of Glass rail-
roads, earning about 81 per cent of the total
of all railroads. fell to $S85OoOooO. 1t the first
time net operating revenue had fallen below $1ooO
100000 since 1924 In 1929 it stood at 100000
The revenues of railroads shrank more de-
cisively in the first six months of 193to $238000O0
The railroads contended that unless they received
additional income or cut expenses. they would be
unable to meet their fixed interest payments bonds
necessary to make them legally marketable high
grade investments.
They estimated that an increase of is per cent in
freight rates would give them additional annual
income Of some $500 100000 A 10 per cent wage cut
would save them about S22OOOOOO0 yearly.
The scale paid railroad employees is about what it
was in 1928, approximately 10 per cent above what
IL was when the government took the railroads
u December, 1917. The purchasing power q these
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18

One Of the achievements of the Hoover admin
stration is the spirit in the federal prisons and
reformatories
While the three states of New York, New Jersey
and Massachusetts have adopted enlightened pro-
grams. the federal government seems to be going
ahead with actual reforms faster than almost any
state Credit for this is due chiefly to two Hoover
appontees Sanford Bates head of the prison bureau
and his assistant, Austin MacCormic.
In a report just issued by the department of JUS
tice number of important changes for the better
are recorded.
Working toward the governments new ideal of
absolute teracy and vocational training its 25 900
prison inmates supervisors of education have been
placed in all of the prisons and reformatories n
braries have been established, vocational training
work begun.
Medical care has been turned over to the United
States health service with the result that in most of
the prisons, notably in Atlanta, good surgeons dem
tiSts psychatrists and neurologsts are at work.
Overcrowding. of course, continues as the result
of the grinding out of prisoners by prohibition and
other extreme laws. This has been mtigated to some
extent by establishing seven road camps housing
1850 men, and by increasing the number of paroled
men from 1889 last year to 2,544 this year.
These reforms represent only a beginning Self
government to instll among the prisoners sense of
responsibility has not been tried in federal institu-
tons, as in Massachusetts. Other reforms wait
upon time.
Enough has been accomplished, however, to estab-
ish federal leadership in this ong-negeced field.
For this we congratulate Mr.. Hoover and his new
prison administrators.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18

wages is approximately II per cent greater than it
in 1928.
At the same time, the number employed on rail-
roads has fallen of since 1928 by more than 81 points
Shrinkage in the number of employed in the last
three years has, then, notably lessened the income
of those normally dependent upon work railroads
1t has to a similar degree diminished operating ex-
penses Of the railroads
Therefore, when the railroads propose wage cut
they must face the fact that they have pay roll
which is 81 points under 1928 and "a points under
1929. During the first months Of 1884, the average
number Of employees Class railroads was 1306054
Total compensation was $50, and average
annual compensation to the employee was 81 67820 In
1928 some All employed and average annual
compensation $1,70645
These figures indicate the same thing has hap
pened the railroads which has taken place in most
non-transportation industries in the last two years
The wage scale has been maintained but pay rolls have
been cut considerably, through ayoffs and rehirngs
at lower wages. Factory employment is off more than
20 points since 1929 while factory pay rolls are off
more than % points since 1923.
This shows how thin is the fiction that the pur-
chasing power of labor has been maintained since
1922 If wage scales have not been slashed unmerci-
fully the actual wages paid to employees have been
Railroad employees have Jared slightly better than
factory workers with respect to total pay roll slashes
but they have been hard hit.
If wage cutting becomes general throughout the
country, railway workers doubtless will have to take
their punishment along with the rest. But the whole
issue must be viewed in the large perspective of the
fact that labor whole received too little of the
total social income from 1921 to 1929 1t could not
keep its purchasing power up to the level required
to keep pace with increased production.
Cutting wages anywhere along the line will place
in jeopardy the life of the only goose which can lay
the golden eggs of returning prosperity under the
captaistc system. AS between shippers and workers.
is better that the former should suffer that the
railroads may live.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Times Readers Voice Their Views

high school or college student is
offered every opportunity in ex-
istence for better future. But how
many of them have taken advan-
tage of their education?
The aged parents, who through
many years gone by, have given
their children an education that
they themselves did not receive,
stand by and see their efforts have
gone to waste.
Now is the time when every boy
and girl who has graduated from
high school or college can show his
or her parents that great respect
for their wonderful education by
giving them a helping hand in this
great depression.
1t surely won't last forever. Then
when things return to their normal
state, your parents will be proud
to know their efforts have not been
in vain. SYDNEY RUSSELL.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18

Good Teeth Vital to Child's Health

have it's mothers milk, if humanity
possible. Dentists know that chill
dren who have been nursed by their
mothers are more likely to have
healthy teeth than those who have
been fed on artificial foods.
Mothers milk contains the min
erals and elements necessary for
the growth and development of the
teeth.
The child also has conveyed to it
by its mothers milk certain sub
stances which help it to resist in
lection.
After a child gets old enough to
eat, it is customary to feed it food
material that has been sieved or
granulated in various ways.
1t is, of course, important to
adapt the food to the intestinal
tract of the child. At he same time
it is important to teach the child
to che improperly.
Small pieces of food may be given
to the child, and its mother or
nurse should feed the child slowly
and see to it that one mouthful is
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Just Every Day Sense
BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

MOT since the advent of the boyish bob have we
been so torn with dissension as that which now
arises the question OF the working wife.
A large number of both sexes have taken up the
cause of home and family with vigor, and
vinced that all who disagree with them selfish,
unnatural, and even wicked.
From Denver comes this contribution to the dis
cussion: All wives should be glad to make happy
homes for their families. Any who values her
work more than her husband should not marry. She
is a cheat"
With reservations I agree with this CORE
Spondent. I believe sincerely that when woman
deliberately foregoes home life babies and the
curtes that We always have priced and always will,
for the barren rewards of business career, she is
making a tragic mistake.
But like Voltaire I would fight to the death for
her right to make that mistake.
WE do not pass laws or make community regu-
w lations to prevent men from losing their for
tunes on the stock market to stop boys from cast
ing away all the best gifts of existence because of
the stupidity of their opinions,
BY the same reason we have no right to lay down
stringent rules for all women merely because GER
tain numbers of do not have the discrimi-
nation to understand the true values of life
The exercise of free will should be feminine as
well as masculine privilege. And can't transform
gddy girls into good wives merely by shouting about
their folly. Neither we convince women that
home life is the better part, by the simple process
Of torblddng them to take dictation.
Unless Of their own desire and out of their own
wisdom women choose domeSticity and motherhood,
leS5
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Rating to Change

THE worlds largest telescope at
l. the present time is the 10O-inch
telescope at Mt. Wilson in Califor-
mia. The second largest is the To-
inch one at the Dominion physical
observatory at Victoria, British Co
lumbia.
Third honors are shared by Mt.
Wilson and Harvard. Both have 60
inch refectors.
This rating, however, will be up
set soon. First honors before long
will go to the new 200-inch tele-
scope which is to be built for the
California Institute of Technology
by Rockefeller funds. This telescope
will be twice as large as the 100
inch and ten times as powerful.
Another giant telescope soon to be
put into operation is the 69-inch re-
f1ector at the Perkins observatory of
Ohio Wesleyan university at Della
ware, o. This telescope will become
the third largest in the world.
Not only will these new telescopes
rearrange the rating Of the worlds
giants, but they give a better dis
tribution to the big telescopes. The
new lineup will be as follows:
California will lead with the
worlds largest and second largest
telescopes-the 2O0-inch on a noun
tain top not yet selected, but in all
probability near Mt. Wilson, and
the 100-inch on Mt. Wilson. Third
place will go to Canada with the
72-inch telescope at Victoria.
Ohio will rank fourth with the
S9-inch telescope at Delaware. Fifth
place will be shared by California
and Massachusetts with the 60-inch
telescopes at Mt. Wilson and Har-
ward.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Questions and Answers

Why is it harmful to drink milk
while eating fish?
1t is not harmful provided both
are fresh. The danger lies in the
fact that both milk and fish S. oil
quickly, especially in hot weather,
and any spoiled food may be very
injurious to the human system.
In what countries are the cities of
AszaIo and JOlsva?
They are both in Hungary.
What is the value of an 1911 half
dollar?
1t is worth less than rs cents.
When did the eighteenth and
nineteenth amendments to the
United States Constitution 20 into
effect?
The eighteenth amendment on
Jan. 16, 1920, and the nineteenth on
Aug. Is, 1920.
Who was the President Of the
United States during the Mexican
war?
James K. Polk.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18

Editor Times-How many of the
modern generation realize that to-
day a boy or girl has to have at
least a high school education to
obtain the ready opportunities
offered in the business world. In
some cases your age is an important
part.
Common labor has it's holdback.
Wages are being cut. Hours are
being shortened to supply more men
and women with work.
The high cost of living slowly is
getting back to pre-war prices, yet
there are a great many people re-
ceiving enormous salaries.
The laborer is the one who has
been hit the hardest, because his
wages were very small to start with.
The average family has children to
educate, probably one or two in
high school, and maybe one in
college.
The time has come when the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18

chewed thoroughly or swallowed
before more food is given.
DR.. Shaw suggests as a good
tooth-building menu for a child
over 2 years Of age the following
diet:
Breakfast-Raw apple. Cooked
cereal. Crisp toast or stale bread
and butter. Milk to drink.
Dinner-Split pea soup with
croutons. Rare roast beef. Baked
potato. Spinach. Stale whole wheat
bread and butter. Rice pudding.
Milk to drink.
Supper-Stewed fruit (apple
sauce. Cooked cereal. Stole whole
wheat bread and butter. Milk to
drink.
Certain foods are considered to
be of special value because they
help to cleanse the teeth and gums
and because they have high con-
tent of calcium.
The list includes fresh fruits,
such as apples, toasted breads and
celery, radishes, cabbage, carrots
and caulioWer.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Mirror Is Simpler

A IL the telescopes listed are of
L y the type known as reflectors.
This type uses a large concaVe mir
ror at the bottom of the telescope
tube instead of a large lens at the
top.
The familiar type of telescope,
the sort in which you gaze in an
eyepiece at one end and out
through a big lens at the other, is
known technically as refractor.
In the reflector, concave mirror
takes the place of the big lens. 1t
is situated at the bottom of the
tube. The top of the telescope tube
is open. The light of the star or
other object under observation
enters the open end of the tube
and falls upon the big mirror.
Because of its concave shape, the
mirror brings the light to a focus
just as lens would.
Small auxiliary mirrors reflect the
light to an eyepiece, which as a
rule is mounted in the side of the
tube.
1t is easier to build big reflect
ing telescope for two reasons. In
the refractor, the light passes
through the lens. In the reflector,
the light is reflected from the upper
side of the mirror, which is silvered.
1t is much easier to grind mirror
than a lens.
Secondly, the task of mounting
the mirror is simpler since the mir
ror is at the bottom Of the tube
and not at the top as is the lens
of the refractor.
The largest refractor in the world
is the forty-inch telescope at the
Yerkes observatory. Attempts To
build larger refractors have failed
to date.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
It's Strange Thing

A CHILD'S evidence is very apt
1 A to be unreliable, not because
he wouldn't tell the truth if he
could, but because he frequently
can't, because he may have no con-
ception of what the truth implies.
Well, you know there are some
older people like that-people who
are so wrapped up in the technique
OF some transaction, or who have
developed such peculiar notions as
to lose their capacity for telling the
plain, ordinary truth.
There are other people who be-
come confused and afraid under
examination and who appear to be
lying when they are trying to tell
the truth.
Such people explain why we have
all the rules of evidence.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Wins His Point

PENNY SABBATINO, ex-convict
- has just won $500 verdict
against two members of the New
York parole board on the ground
that he was kept in prison three
years longer than the law provided.
Sent to Sing Sing for a term of
sixteen years in 1915, he became
eligible for release in 1924 under a
law that was passed in 1920. but the
parole board refused to grant him
a release because the law under
which he asked for it had been
passed after he was tried and SEN
fenced.
Having studied law while 3
prisoner, he took the case to court
and, after seventy different moves
won his point. Then he sued mem
oers of the parole board for 5000
600, gett the above mentioned iudg-
ment as result.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
A Queer Case

over in Austria, they are trying
- a woman for murder, with her
3-year-old son as chief witness.
She had two sons-AdoIph. 3. and
herman, 2. Herman's body was
found in a canal the other day. It
was regarded as an accident, until
Adolph began prattling at the
funeral.
Mama threw Herman into the
canal he said, and now great
judges, great lawyers and a much
oeWildered public are trying to dis
cover whether he told tragic truth.
or was merely giving vent to some
childish impression.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
SAYS

The Federal Government Is
Facing Too Big q Deficit
Without Creating Any More
Soft Jobs.
NEW YORK. Nov. 1S-The ques-
L ' ton Of creating a federal de-
partment Of education, with a
cabinet member at its head, should
be answered easily.
Our educational system is labor
ing under too much overhead al
ready.
Besides, the federal government
faces TOO big a deficit for any new
soft jobs.
Two billion dollars in the red bv
next July, according to a committee
OF investment bankers. and no one
at Washington knows where to get
the money.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1931-11-18
Only One Reason

a MTORG, the trading corpora
1 A ton representing Soviet Russia
IN this country, reduces its staff by
one-half and its office space by one
third.
There could be only one reason
1or such action, and you know it as
well as I do.
Amtorg explains that it is buy
ing less from us because of the
constantly increased difficulty of
arranging long-term credits.
Admitting that we may be iusti-
lied in not granting Soviet Russia
more liberal terms on her purchases.
why should we loan Europeans the
money with which to do it?