davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
Science
NOrdic Superiority Theory
Hit in Migration Study.

The Nordic superiority theory re-
ceiveS another body blow from DR..
Griffith Taylor of the University Of
Chicago.
He advances, to the contrary, in ths
current issue of the American Journal
of Sociology, theory of the possible
biological superiority of the Alpine
race. and maintains that the expansion
Of these broad-minded people, whose
homeland now Is Central Europe, has
beeen 1.-THE controlling factor in the his
tory of the worlG."
The spread of Poles and Slavs in
the United States and of Ukrainians In
Western Canada, he believes, may be a
continuation of this expansion, which
was responsible in the past for the
Manchu domination of China and the
establishment of q Mongol empire In
India.
These people, believed to have origi-
mated in Turkestan about $4,000 Be.
may have a physical ability superior to
that Of either of the closely related
Mediterranean and Nordic stocks in the
matter of adjusting themselves to new
environments and changing conditions
IT, r. H.
(Copyrisht, 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
W0MEN'S SHOES LARGER,
CHIR0PODlSTS TOLD
National Convention to Meet in
Washington in 1o32-Capital
Doctor Elected.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, August ll.-Take it
from DR.. Walter v. Ramsburgh Min
neapolis, some modern women admit
they have a size IL foot and wear broad
tced, comfortable shoes which really fit
them.
Addressing the convention of the Ma
tional Chiropodists' Association, DR..
Ramsburgh said: Ten years ago wom-
ems shoe sizes ran from az to 5. To-
day they run from to H."
DR.. Joseph Dalyveld of Rockland,
Mass, yesterday was elected president
Of the association Washington, D. c.,
was selected for the 1882 meeting.
New vice presidents are DR.. George
Scherer, jr., Los Angeles; DR.. John r.
Kelley, Boston; DR.. Frank j. Carleton,
West Chester, Pa; DR.. Owen A. Penny,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
W|NKLER IS QU|zzED
IN BANK ROBBERY
Suspect in So, 500, 600 Hold
up, Hurt in Auto Accident,
Talks to Attorney.

BY the Associated Press
CHICAGO, Ill, August 11.-Emery j.
Smith, special attorney for the Lincoln
National Bank g. Trust Co. OF Lincoln.
Nebr., said yesterday that Gus Winkler,
under arrest in st. Joseph, Mich, was
one OF the men who robbed the bank Of
s2,500,o0r last year.
Tit Chicago attorney said he talked
Sunday with Winkler, who is IN a
hospital seriously injured as a result of
an automobile accident which preceded
his arrest. He would not disclose the
conversation, but expressed conviction
in Winkler'S guilt
Three men are awaiting trial in Lin
coin as members of the gang, which
numbered six or more.
''Winkler is one of the toughest crimi-
nails in the country" Smith said, in a
class with Fred Burke, notorious bank
robber and gunman, who recently was
sent to Michigan penitentiary for a
life term after killing policeman. We
secured the country for him in order
that our eyewitneSSes of the robbery
might have look at him Eddie La
Rue, still at large, also is sought for the
crime
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
PROSECUTOR GkILLs wrNKLER.
Nebraska Attorney Says Suspect Denied
Robbery Of Bank.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
ST. JOSEPH, Mich, August IL
Max Towie, county attorney at Lincoln,
Neb., Sunday questioned Gus Winkler,
prisoner in a hospital here, regarding
the $2,500,000 robbery of the Lincoln
National Bank IL Trust Co. in 1890
Towle declined to reveal the result
OF his interview, but sheriff's officials
here said they understood winkler had
denied participation in the robbery.
They said Winkler admitted to Towie
that he knew where the bonds went"
that were stolen from the bank. and
also told the attorney that the three
men you arrested for the job were the
wrong fellows"
A group Of Nebraskans. said to be
employees of the bank at Lincoln, were
Lo see Winkler today in an attempt to
identify him as one of the robbers.
They were accompanied here by Farley
Young, assistant county attorney at
Lincoln.
The condition Of Winkler and John
Moran, his companion, also seriously
injured in an accident, remained serious.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
Dancer Under Knife.

CLAREMONT, N. H. August IL Up
Ned Wayburn, New York dancer. yes
terday underwent a major operation Ell
Clarsmont General Hospital DR.. e. NJ
Fitch, attending surgeon, said the opsr-
alton had been successful Wayburn
had been under medical observation for
several weeks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11
The War for Peace
Those Who Set Disarmament against Security Make
Reduction Problem DificuLt-Lord Cecil Reverses
Himself on Problem in Short Space Of Years.

This is the third OF a series OF fire
daily articles on the disarmament
problem, particularly as seen from
the German point OF Utetc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11

Land oflcials have been investigating
charges that government officials in
Mindanao. Philippine Islands. are hold
ing vast tracts of land, while none is
available for homesteaders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11

Washington Dr. Louis Weiss. Detroit,
and Dr. Hall P. Smith, Indianapolis
DR.. Arthur r. Merely. New York, was
elected secretary-treasurer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-11

When King George recently broad
cast from Glasgow Scotland, he spoke
into a golden microphone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET

CHICAGO, February z up Omitted
States Department of Agricultural -
Cattle, 200. Compared with week ago:
All except good and choice weighty FED
steers IS to mostly so lower; handful
heavieS being about steady; stockers
and feeders, 25a50 down; yearling heif-
ers as much lower as steers. Other
classes. She stock, wear to 25 of; bulls,
mostly Is lower, and vealers steady:
closing steer trade generally higher than
Mondays low time; late market large
ly a forced affair; general undertone
remaining bearish; average price fed
steers this week lowest since 1924;
weeks extreme top, ITS; best heavies,
IL 40; bulk, however, CTS down to 7.5O;
average price being $50.
Sheep 5000. including 5000 direct;
for week, 81 doubles from Bleeding sta
lions, $4,000 direct; todayS market
fully steady; several loads good to choice
medium weight lambs, 8.50a8.75 to
packers; around 102-pound weights,
8. 0Oa8 IS; native lambs, 7.25a7.75;
throwouts, 6.00a7.00; fat native ewes,
3.50a450; feeding and shearing lambs
throughout week, 7.75a8.25.
Hogs, $1,000, including $4,000 direct;
steady to 10 lower; top. 100; bulk,
100000 pounds, 7.80a7.90; 210-320
pounds, 6.60a7.75; pigs, 7.50a7.75: pack
ing sows. 5.75a6.10; compared week,
10a25 lower; shippers took 1000; esti-
mated holdovers, 1000: light lights,
good and choice, 140-160 pounds, lisa
100: light weights. 100000 pounds,
z soar 90; medium weights, 200-250
pounds, 7.00a7 90; heavyweights, 250-S50
pounds, e. 60a7 az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
Trade Trend and Outlook
President of american Car 6 Foundry Co. Believes
Restoration of Purchasing Power Is Prime
Essential to Business Recovery.
BY WILLIAM H. WOODIN,

President American Car & Foundry Co., as
told to J. v. Fitzgerald.
Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, February 7.-Our three
greatest consumers are the railroads,
the farmer and the laboring man. If
something can be done to restore the
purchasing power of the railroads and
the farmer, it will automatically take
care OF the laboring man.
Greater prosperity for the railroads
| of the country, whether it be achieved
by consolidation, increased rates, sweep
ing relief from competition, or a COM
bination of these things, will mean
greater prosperity for the Nation as a
| whole.
AS matter of fact. an increase in
freight rates at this time would go a
long way toward Fastening a whole
some revival of business.
Effect Of Rate Increase.
Such a step would accomplish this
purpose by augmenting the purchasing
power of the roads and putting into cir
culation vast sums that would benefit
practically every line Of business, either
directly or indirectly. Nor would a
moderate increase in our present rates
work an undue hardship on the aver
age industry. If tariff rise we're per-
mitted, it would be cut down to meet
competition.
With an increase in revenue, the
railroads should receive an opportunity
to expand There has been no real
building of roads in the last 20 years,
and there is much need for additional
facilities in certain sections.
Certainly, it seems as if relief meas
ures designed along sound lines are es-
sential in the interest of the industry
If we are to have return to prosperity
that will be something more than tenn
porary. The railroads of the United
States represent an investment of more
than $25, 600, 0O0, 900 in road and equip
ment. Rail securities in the hands of
the public total nearly $19,000,O0 900.
The railroads have yearly pay roll
of more than $4,000, 900 900, and they
pay taxes amounting to almost $780,
10000. Employees on the class roads
these figures to show how far-reaching
is the industry in an economic sense
and how important its well-being is to
healthy industrial structure.
Drought Damage Great.
While the railroads will need to re-
gain their earning capacity to con-
tribute to real revival of prosperity,
the farmers will also have to recover
from the slump in agricultural products
before our economic house is again set
IN order. II the farmer buys, it means
good business year. If his spending
capacity is reduced, it spells the reverse.
The drought has hit certain agricul-
tural sections hard. There is much work
of rehabilitation to be done before
farmers In the devastated areas can re-
cover. The Farm Board is doing ex-
cellent work in its efforts to solve the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08

problems of agriculture, and a general
improvement in conditions the last half
of the year is predicted by group of
experts in recent report to the De-
partment of Agriculture.
Although domestic demand Is not
likely to show any marked improvement
during the first half of 1884," their re-
port said, "it seems reasonable to expect
business revival to become more evil
dent in the last half of this year.
Consequently, farmers may antici-
pate that domestic demand conditions
for farm products will be better in the
l931-1932 marketing season than they
have been in the 1930-1931 season. De-
mand, though improved, will, however,
probably not be as good as that of 1929
Tariff Laws.
Referring to the present tariff laws,
we might very well go back to James G..
Blaine's ideas of reciprocity, and nego-
tiate for trade
But when all Is said and done we will
emerge from this period of depression
just as we have come through others.
The change may not come as soon as
some think, but come it will. After all,
when our resources are considered. our
initiative, our business acumen and our
courage, no one can afford to sell the
United States short.
Copyright, 1881, by North American News
paper Alliance.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
AUTO PLANTS INCREASE
NUMBER OF EMPLOYED

Special Dispatch to The Star.
DETROIT, February 7.-Reaction
from the bad business of 1880 has begun
to show itself in automobile manu-
featuring, pointing to the first half of
1891 as a period in which progress back
toward normal will be slow but steady.
The wesk has bought encouraging re-
ports from virtually all the General
Motors divisions, based on January i'm
provement in sales.
While increases in production
schedules are meager, this Is accounted
for by the fact that currsnt require
ments are being supplied not from &C.
cumulated stocks, but from assembly as
called for by distribution, with plant
operations ruled by what the employ
ment chiefs term consideration"
schedules. This means part time and
in the cases of larger factories split
shifts" taking into account labor
conditions that require the use of as
many men as possible for welfare
reasons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
STOCK VALUES GAIN
ABOUT So, 600, 100000
Extent Of january Recovery Is Re-
vealed in Report by New
York Exchange.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special DlSpatcn TO Inc star.
NEW YORK, February THE results
in market values of the recovery In
stocks last month are shown today in
the New York Stock Exchange figures,
which indicate the first decided up
ward trend in January since the boom
of last Spring. The actual increase in
the value of over 1900 stock issues
last month was in excess of $4,000, 000,-
900. t....-....
AS the most critical period of the
stock market since the Fall of 1929 was
that of the last six months. 1t Is in
teresting to compare the average price
of the more important groups of stocks
as they stood on February and on Au-
gust l. This includes, of course. the
improvement that occurred during Janu-
airy. The figures suggest the long road
that the market has to travel until
it gets back even to the basis Of last
Summer.
In the six months the average price
Of the shares of automobile and ac-
cessory companies has declined from
31.34 to 25.75, that of chemical COM
panies from 1878 to SO, of electrical
equipment companies from 67.72 to
4l.32, food companies from 46.76 to
43.75, farm machine companies from
69.47 to 44.72 and issues of amusement
concerns from 1902 to 24.44.
Other groups showing radical changes
are those of machinery metal shares from
42.58 to 31.58, mining shares, excluding
iron, from 29.71 to 24.38. petroleum
from $3.50 to $500 and retail merchan-
dising from 4036 to 1852
In the transportation industry and
public utilities there have been marked
downward movements. Taking the de-
clines by percentages, it is found that
the largest shrinkage in the past six
months has been in the stocks of the
petroleum companies.
Copyright. 1872,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
PRICES FOR STEEL
ON F|RMER GROUND
Market Has Displayed Stead
mess During Week-Busi-
ness Better.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
PITTSBURGH, February There
is room for doubt whether steel pro-
duction has been increasing week by
week in the continuous manner indi-
Gated by various published reports.
There seems to be too much uniformity
about production increasing one or two
points each and every week.
Increases in steel production can
come only as there are heavier sales
and shipments of the respective finished
steel products and it is possible to ind
that all or a majority of the finished
steel lines have been growing more and
more active clear up TO date.
Sheet Mill Schedules.
The sheet mills. to illustrate, do not
seem to be running materially better
than q month ago. They are not af-
fected as much as formerly by ups and
downs in the automobile trade, because
in the last few years they have lost
much of the business to the strip mills,
practically all the frame steel, much of
the fender and radiator steel and even
some of the body steel. The strip mills
are not ct all busy, but they report
some increase in their business out
side of strips tor the automobile industry.
There is practically universal testi-
mony that the last two weeks, If not
the last week, have been disappointing
to the steel makers. There may be no
decrease in the sum total of orders and
specifications received, though some
observers think there may have been a
little decrease, but there certainly has
net been a continuance of improvement
in the manner shown by the first two
or three full weeks Of January. Pos
sibly the comparison is not a fair one,
for that period was helped by post
inventory buying, purely transitory. As
rule one does not expect steel de-
mand to increase as much in February
as in either. January or March.
~ Price Structure Steady.
Still no question is being raised as to
the steadineSs of the entire steel price
structure. Lines that had been irreg-
ular got onto a stable basis by the
middle Of December, since when there
has been a steady market throughout.
Of course, steel for large structural
fabricating jobs goes at special prices,
that being the case practically always.
One diff1culty is that prices in some
lines are altogether too low, getting
that way chiefly by mills trying TO
maintain operating rates, for the
benefit of costs, when for 10 months
last year demand in general was de-
creasing. There is little or no thought
Of trying to advance prices on any line
from the present level until there is
heavier demand than is now apparent.
On the other hand, however. buyers are
exerting no pressure on steel prices.
(Copyright, 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
COTTON IS STEADY
DESPITE PRESSURE
General Market Closes at Net
Declines of Three to Nine
Points.
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, February IAN OPEN
ing advance in cotton was followed
by reactions in the market today I'M
der a little more Southern selling and
weekend realizing accompanied by
talk of an easier technical position.
May contracts after selling up to 1898
on the early demand, declined to 1896
or points net lower and closed at
1898. The general market closed
barely steady at net declines of 3 10
9 points.
The opening was steady, to S
points higher on overnight buying or
derS which were supposed to include
further covering and continued trade
buying.
Support was less active after the
initial demand had been supplied and,
while there was bulge of several
points during the middle of the morn
ing, the market eased again in the
late trading. New crop positions were
relatively easy with spot houses re-
ported sellers of october and December
and the difference between March and
December narrowed from 90 points at
the close yesterday to "a points based
on today's closing quotations. March
contracts, which had advanced to 1910
early, declined to 1851 and closed at
that figure, while october closed at
1l.37.
Much Of the business was attributed
to the usual weekend adjustment of
the technical position, but trade and
commission house buying was in evil
dence at the start, and some hedging
was reported during the early trading;
the trade buying was again believed to
be partly for European account. Spot
interests here seemed to be buying May
and July against sales of October and
December and there was further
switching from near to late months.
Liverpool cables reported covering,
trade calling and foreign buying in
that market supplied by realizing or
liquidation and hedging, and said there
were moderate cloth sales for shipment
to South America and Africa. The
amount of cotton on shipboard await
ing clearance at the end of the week
was estimated at 71,000 bales, against
5000 last year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
ALL GRAINS ADVANCE
ON HEAVY PURCHASES
Fear of Cold Wave Offsets Break
ing of Drought as Market
Factor.
BY JOHN p. BOUGHAN,

CHICAGO, February 7.-Instead OF
low.r prices resulting from breakup
Of the drought, all grains scored mate
rial gains today, and finished at almost
the top level reached. Fears of a cold
wave succeeded distress about moisture
shortage. Rains and snowfalls were
generally held to be inadequate except
as temporary help.
Wheat closed irregular "a cent off to
70 up, corn 1a11a advanced, oats I'M
changed to Y higher and provisions
unchanged to a rise of 10 cents.
Predictions that the amount of wheat
on ocean passage would show an In
crease Monday failed to act as an off,
set for uncertainties regarding the
domestic crop. The market also ignored
indications of an enlargement of the
United States wheat visible supply total
nsxt week. Wheat primary receipts
were larger thc.n last week and almost
double those a. a year ago. Corn and
oats reflected \. 1eat flrmneSs.
Despite hog market declines, pro-
visions were responsive to the upturns
in grains
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
FOREIGN BUSINESS
HIT BY DEARTH OF
PURCHASING POWER
Further Decline in Commod-
tiles Proves Check on
Trade Recovery.
WAGE DISPUTES REMAIN
AS DIFFICULT PROBLEM
Soviet Dumping of Supplies Is
Menace to Curtailment
Efforts.
BY LEONARD y. REID.

Associate Editor OF the London Economist
Special Cable Dispatch to The Star
LONDON, February Tn summarize
ing the British situation it is necessary
to distinguish sharply between the tenn
porary technical monetary success of the
Bank of England's tactics aimed at ar
rest of the gold effiux and, by contrast,
the complete lack of confidence in Brit
ain that Europe is near economic day.
light.
Discount Rate Pegged.
An open market discount rate peg
ged artifcially at 7-l6 per cent suf-
feed to attract foreign balances here
and to protect the pound, but the rela-
lively large discount on sterling for
future delivery suggests that the future
position is more precariouS. Further
more, fresh fall of 312 per cent in the
Economists wholesale price index dur
ing January confirms the lack of signs
OF any upturn In trade, while protracted
negotiations for wage reductions on the
railways and In the engineering trades
and also the continuation of the Lam
caShire cotton-weaving industry stop
page emphasize the difficulty which con-
fronts the effort to restore British costs
economic selling level.
Finally, even supposing a success
full restoration of our lost balance be-
tween costs and prices, the crux of the
difficulty remains. The world agricul-
tural depression is restricting the pur-
chasing power Of customers for the prod
ucts OF every induStrialiZed European
country. The strain thus imposed upon
the whole economic structure may still
l1nx frr.fI EA,- Ia.
many complicating the situation. While
London is increasingly impressed with
the progress Of industrialization in Rus
STA, the question is asked, Will not in
tensif1ed Soviet dumping defeat all at
tempts to eliminate overproduction?
Stocks Have Good Tone.
The stock exchange is holding its
ground surprisingly well, but is show
ing increased susceptibility to sudden
waves of nervousness-for example, q
slump in the gilt-edge section Thursday
afternoon following fantastic rumors Of
big government loan. The real
source of nervousness Is the financial
situation, including the probability that
the difficult budget period win be pre-
coded by propaganda from interested
parties of bearish nature.
Given freedom from higher money
rates, however. there is sufficient under
lying strength I'd maintain gilt-edge
values at approximately their present
level, but there is no likelihood OF
resumption Of the previous upward
movement.
The most hopeful immediate feature
is the improved feeling on the Euro
pean continent following the recent
meeting of the League of Nations Coun-
Gil. which sensibly relieved political
tension
Copyright 1917
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-02-08
INDUSTRIES LISTED
AS TO 1881 OUTLOOK
New York Statistical Firm Gives
Results of Study of Many
Different Lines.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, February THE POSI-
ton of leading lines of industry as to
prospects for 1881, is listed as follows
by the Standard Statistics. Co.,:
Most promising stores. ciga-
rettes, dairy products, electric light and
power, package foods, shipbuilding and
telephone.
Good-Chemicals, refrigeration and
speciality bakeries.
Uncertain - Beverages, department
stores and motion pictures.
F'air-Agriculture machinery, auto
mobiles, automobile tires, automobile
parts, bread bakeries, building, canned
foods, cement, cigars electrical equip
ment fertilizers, flour and feed, machin-
cry, mail order, meat packing, ONCE
equipment, petroleum, railroads, railroad
equipment, shoes, silk goods, steel, SUI
gar refining and telegraph.
Poor-Aircraft, apparel, coal, copper,
cotton goods, electrical household sup
plies, floor coverings, furniture, lead,
leather, lumber, paper, radio, rayon,
shipping, sugar producing, tin, trac-
tons, wooden goods and zinc.