davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-05-29
DECADE Of HARD
WORK IS SEEN
BY HURLEY
Former Shipping Board Head
Finds Signs Encouraging,
But Not Rosy, for Business
BY JAMES L. KILGALLEN

By JAMES L. KILGALLEN
Copyright, 1881, by International News
ServiCe)
NEW YORK, May 29.-"We
will have to work harder in the
next 10 years than we did in the
last 10 years."
Edward N. Hurley, of Chicago,
president of the American Manu-
facturers Export Association, for
mer chairman of the United
States Shipping Board, a delegate
to the national foreign trade con-
vention, now in session here, made
The Washington times., 1931-05-29
LAND VALUES GAIN

Farm land values have prob
ably reached an investment level
in many areas, in the opinion of
DR.. L. C. Gray, land economist
of Department of Agriculture. he
told the convention here Of the
National Association of Real
Estate Boards.
The Washington times., 1931-05-29
HIGHER COTTON
SEED RATEFOR
SOUTHEAST
|. c. C.. Examiners Recommend
Drastic Revision to Place
Southwest .on Equal Plane

Interstate Commerce Commits
sion examiners today have recon-
mended many changes in rate
schedules on cottonseed and its
products, including hulls, lipters
and fiber, and on vegetable cake,
meals and oils, fish and sea ami
NAL oils and inedible greaSes and
tallows.
High in Southwest
Southwest interstate rates en-
cottonseed are higher than on
cake and meal, but under the pro-
posed adjustment all are given
the same rates.
The proposal is to increase
Southeast cotton seed rates based
on the average Single-line intra-
state scales and will reduce rates
based on the average Of the in
terState rates up to 200 miles, but
beyond 200 miles both intrastate
and interstate rates will be raised.
Raise in Southeast
The cake and meal rates in the
Southeast will be increased by
about three-quarters of a cent up
to 200 miles and beyond that dis
tance by substantially greater
amounts.
On the traffic to Central and
Eastern trunk-line territories, how
ever. reductions will occur except
from Mississippi Valley points,
where increases will result.
The Washington times., 1931-05-29
Bank of India Cuts
Discount Rate to 6T

LONDON, May 29.-Bank of
India has reduced its discount
rate to 6 per cent from 7 per
cent, it was announced here:
Bank of England made no
change in its discount rate Of
2h per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
Says Hawaiian Islands
Are 1000, 900 Years Old

ACCOMPLISHMENTS Hawaiian ira
dition often comedies to noteworthy
degree with modern scientific discovery
and conclusion. One such tradition Is
that the Hawaiian Islands are 80 old
that 1000 generations are but youth
in other words, that $4,000 or 10000
years is nothing compared to the age
Of the archipelago.
And now DR.. Arthur Starr Eakle
minera,cgist, Of the University of Call
forn!a, who has been doing research
work here, estimates Hawaii is at least
100000 years old. He finds evidence
of extreme age in the composition
of rocks and soil. The islands yield no
trace of silver or gold, but there are
indications of copper, although not in
commercial quantities. The deep red
soils of the islands are rich in iron, but
an almost equally large quantity OF
manganese prevents its commercial use
DR.. Eakle viii publish the results Of his
lku0lD&Na2s e.. y. +.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14

In that sentence was the forewarning
of defeat.
But the cheers were all for Left lead
ers, voting Ut was assumed for "Lo-
carno," the favorite in the Grand Prix
de lElySee. Half way through the first
ballot some estimated M. BRAND might
win without second turn. Then the
Versailles Palace corridors began. to
buzz. A news agency had posted bull
letin just outside the congress hall
where the ballots were being marked
quoting British Foreign Minister Hen
derson ss saying he hoped his friend
BRAND would be elected.
A similar incident occurred in one Of
the Cleveland campaigns at home. The
result was the same. What has Eng
land to say about who Is elected Presi-
dent Of France?" some Frenchmen NUT
tered resentfully. Others said so.
Aristide is up to his tricks again. It's
a poor way to act. He'd better be care
full" And one experienced but friendly
French journalist remarked. What's
the matter with BRAND? He'll be beat
ing himself for President If he keeps
this up"
1t was true, or very nearly so. True
because parliamentarians knew that no
such agency bulletins could have been
posted without Brands knowledge.
Either BRAND had asked to have this
done-still uncertain Of the result and
wishing to clinch it-or he had been
weak enough to consent to it. 1t mat
tered little which. The reaction was
the same. So the first ballot ended
Doumer, Az; BRAND 401. Had 81
Doumer votes gone to BRAND, he would
have been in the lead and today prob
ably President Of France.
More likely than not, those 81 Dou-
mer votes were made during the ballot
ing by the Henderson news bulletin.
BRAND, the super schemer, the old fox
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14

Velaquez's "Rokeby Venus" to the
United States
When Sir George Holmes was direc-
tor of the National Gallery q census of
indispensable works of art in private
collections was taken. There are -
canvases which 1t is desired at all cost
to retain in Great Britain. and the
owners thereof have agreed to give the
state the first bid. 1t still remains a
secret list, for otherwise it is feared
that prices would be offered for them
from American sources which could not
be met here.
Macdonald Interested.
Both Premier Macdonald and STAN
ley Baldwin, the eX-prenier, are kesnly
interested In the welfare Of the new
organization. IT. fact, Mr.. Macdonald
proposed such society some years ago.
In Stanley Baldwin's view there is
grave risk that Britain may suffer in
spiritual things as 1t is suffering in
material things. He says:
II heartily indorse the appeal which
has been issued calling in aid the gen.
crosby and enthusiasm of those inter-
ested in such matters TO save for the
national libraries books and manu-
scripts which otherwise might be lost
to us forever"
Lord Riddell, who became so well
known in the United States when he
acted as the official spokesman of the
British delegation at the Washington
conference, is honorary treasurer OF this
watchdog" organization.
I, (copSrists. .s3i.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14

of the French Chamber, had made or
permitted one fineSSe too many. The
politician who is cleyereSt of all clever
French politicos, had overreached him
self. In a sense, BRAND was suffering
the rudest defeat of his 40 years in
public life. because he was backed by
the Socialists, and conservative repub-
lican France did not want the EiySee
Palace doors open to Leon Blum. But
more accurately, 1t was the Left itself
which crushed the bent old shoulders
of Locarno. And more accurately still.
veteran corridor observers knew it was
Aristide BRAND who had defeated him
self.
Master Defeated.
They brought the result to him-a
few of the faithful who had advised
him so badly. To the master manipu-
lator of votes, who for years had art
fully pulled opponents legs from under
them-artfully always, and sometimes
ruthleSSly. From the moment of his
decision to run he had thought the
victory almost sure
"Eh, bien?" doubtless he asked. And
then, when he heard, BRAND slumped
slowly forward in his chair. They stood
around, Paul-Boncour and half a dozen
OLHeIS, bCTAyl1S 70 uloe MS lace 1EOLIl
passerS at the door-but a few saw.
They saw the shoulders stopped, the
pale blue eyes staring SightlesSly
straight ahead, the deep wrinkles stand
ing darkly out against the sudden pallor
Of his face, the familiar 1labby pelican
jowls and throat sagging as they never
had before. His breath was coming in
great heavy gasps. They wondered
rightly for anxious minutes whether the
old warrior would fight of the cruel
weight of this defeat which marked, il
seems beyond all doubt. the beginning
of a final phase. He did fight 1t of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
British Move to Prevent Exporting
Of Rare Literary Treasures to u. S.

LONDON.-With heavy taxation in
Great Britain threatening to bring
many of the most valuable books, rare
manuscripts and papers of historical
and literary import under the hammer.
an organization known as Friends of
the National Libraries has just been
formed here, whose chief task will be
to try and prevent the export, largely
to the United States, of these treasures.
In the art world here it has been
estimated that in London alone since
the war Americans have expended be-
tween SIPS 100000 and $150,000, 900 in
the acquisition of works of art, the bulk
of which was once in private hands.
often in the same family for 200 or 800
years.
But apart from paintings and an
tiques there has been an insistent
American bid for rare books and man
uscripts. Only recently a well known
American dealer obtained certain Cax-
tons belonging to the Dean and Chap
ter of York. The money paid for these
treasures will be used to restore some
Of the threatened parts Of the historic
minister at York. The loss Of these
the national body, which VIII now act
in the capacity of watchdog on rare
books and manuscripts.
Sir Kenyon at Head.
Sir Frederick Kenyon, for many years
director and principal librarian of the
British Museum, is the chairman Of this
organization, which will be on the. alert
whenever any literary treasure makes
its appearance in an auction room, and
will seek to find the price necessary to
retain IL In this country
It Is a body similar to the National
Art Collections Fund, which aims to
retain in these isles priceless old mas
tiers which still adorn the walls OF some
Of the ancestral homes. This organi-
cation was able to raise the sum OF
$225,0 to prevent the expectation Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
PEASANTS SEE in BRAND
PLANBLOW PROTECTION
French Cabinet Discusses Problems of
"Agrarian Discomfort" Similar to
American Farmers Troubles.

compared with 81 in Britain and So In
Germany; for butter at 1872, as CON-
pared with 80 in Germany and 81 in
Denmark. The French farmer considers
this quite proper, for he views agri-
culture on the national plane and not
the international. When he Is told that
Serb and Rumanian and Hungarian
farmers cannot market their wheat, he
sees no reason at all why he should &c
to their aid.
Price Cutters Enemies.
What he does see is that the agricul-
tural policy toward which anrEurope
Is tending goes directly against his
interest. He reasons 1t out thus:
Here are number of countries In
Europe which suffer from overproduc-
ton to such an extent that they find
great difficulty in marketing their crops,
even If offered below world prices.
ANYBODY cutting prices is my enemy
anyway. Now a lot of statesmen in
Geneva propose that these countries
should get financial help so that not
only they can dispose of what they
have on hand but also can produce
more and sell more. This would make
more enemies for me.
ION top of this it Is proposed that
France should take the lead In flnanc-
ing the new credit bank. That means
that I should have to put my hand
into my pocket to help my enemies.
Why should give money to help Serbs
and RumanianS and Hungarians to cut
my throat? I've got protection and
mean to keep It,"
In the parliamentary elections next
Spring the French farmer intends to
be an active factor! An Agrarian party
has been formed and it is developing
rapidly. The French peasant may prove
the stumbling block to pan-Europe..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
BY CHESTER M. WRIGHT.

q v WHILE the attitude of Chief
IA Justice Charles E. Hughes
NV toward labor has not thus
far been drawn into the cur
rent general discussion of his
liberalism, the specific question Of liber-
alism as to organized labor has for some
time been under discussion among trade
union leaders.
Such leaders of trade-union thought
as Matthew Woll and John p. Frey have
commented both in speech and writing
on the position taken by Hughes in
cases involving labor. both before and
after the advent of Mr.. Hughes to the
Supreme bench.
Outstanding in the labor cases in
which Justice Hughes has played part
is the case of the Railway Clerks Union.
which came out of the Southwest to
disturb the even tenor of the judicial
path. 1t is a question whether in that
case, Justice Hughes did not turn up
side down the whole judicial conception
of trade unions in the economic scheme
of things.
Decision Is Disputed.
The clerks case arose under the
transportation act, and some maintain
that the language of the decision must
be read in the light Of the act, while
others assert that the language, at GER
tain points, sets forth certain general
principals and does not confile itself
to the particular act under which suit
was brought. If this latter view Is
found finally to be correct, then the
question of whether or not Justice
Hughes Is a liberal in some one of
the meanings of that vague term will
be open for debate from an entirely
new point of view.
The suit was suit in equity, by
which the union sought to and did
restrain the Texas & New Orleans Rail-
road Co. After sustaining the union
and its right to function through duly
chosen agents, Justice Hughes wrote
and this is the portion that many
hold is a new application Of q general
and far advanced principle-the fol-
lowing opinion:
The legality of collective action on
the part of employees in order to safe
guard their proper interests Is not to
be disputed. It has long been recognized
that employees are entitled to organize
for the purpose OF securing the redress
Of grievances and to promote agreements
with employers relating to rates of
pay and condition of work. American
Steel Foundries VS.. TEICity Trade
Council EST United States 1874, 209. Con-
gress was not required to ignore this
right of the employees, but could safe
guard 1t and seek to make their APP
propriate collective action an instru-
ment of peace, rather than Of strife.
Such collective action would be mock
cry If representation were made futile
by interferences with freedom Of
choice"
Having reached that broader ground
and tended away as some think, from
the case in hand, Justice Hughes pro-
ceeds to say that the transportation act
prohibition against interference with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
HUGHES LABOR DECISION
CALLED REVOLUTIONARY
Rail Clerks Union Case Causes Dispute
on Attitude of Chief Justice Toward
Organized Workers.

the selection Of union representatives
was not an invasion of rights. but
was based on the recognition OF the
rights of both" This labor authorities
regard as a phrase significant of pro-
gressivenesS. And the decision then
proceeds to another of the phases that
open the door of discussion. 1t reads
THE railway labor act CT 1926 does
not interfere with normal exercise OF
the right of the carrier to select its
employees or to discharge them. The
statute is not aimed at this right OF
the employers. but at the interference
with the right of the employees to have
representatives of their own choosing.
AS the carriers subject to the act have
no constitutional right to interfere with
the freedom of the employees in making
their selections. they cannot complain
of the statute on constitutional
grounds"
Ruling Greeted by Labor.
Some labor leaders see in this refer
ence to constitutional grounds" and
the constitutional right" clear bull
warking of that earlier reference in the
decision to the effect that the right to
organize IS unqueStioned and-the nub
it is ''mockery" if representation is
made futile"
oOLIlc. assert LIlaC ILLS uleaHS u COL1-
dition under which it is mandatory to
deal with organized workers through
their representatives and that it either
establishes or goes far toward establish
ing vested interest or a property right
in the right of unions to be represented
in negotiations by men of their own
selection through unions.
Union leaders have consulted num-
Der of eminent lawyers in an effort to
get at what Justice Hughes may have
meant. These lawyers have not agreed.
One of them declared fatty that JUS
tice Hughes has set up a revolutionary
doctrine-revolution that is, in re-
lation to past legal doctrine. He held
that the quoted sections and conse-
quently certain rights do not depend
upon the transportation act, that they
stand apart as broad general principles
and forecast the sort of decision likely
to come forth If the question is ever
taken to the Supreme Court on its
merits.
Others hold that there is no new
principle in the decision, but that it all
relates to the transportation act. But
all agree that the decision does set
forth certain labor rights in most I'M
equivocal language and that the de-
cision, so far as labor is concerned,
marks out q forward looking trend.
tCopyright, 1919
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
Adams Describes Nays Commercial,
Civic and Humanitarian Activities

weapons and instruments. The fleet is
ever ready for any service, both at home
and abroad
1t has often been said that our Navy
has saved more lives than it has de-
stroyed. In the year 1882 appears the
first recorded event in which the Navy
appeared in the role of humanitarian
agent, when our vessels stationed in the
Orient rushed supplies to the Loo-Choo
Islands, which were threatened with
famine. Food and relief measures thus
supplied were largely instrumental in
saving many lives. Nearly 100 years
have passed since this inaugural serv-
ice, and the past year saw our naval
ing to the relief of earthquake striker
Managua. ErrandS of mercy have
found our Navy present at the scenes
of famines, earthquakes, hurricanes
tidal waves, ship disasters and cpl
denies. In hundreds of calamities, in
many countries, on land and on sea,
our naval forces have done good serv-
ice in the saving of lives and the re-
lief of suffering
In addition to our fleet and our shore
bases, the Navy maintains laboratories
where new and more efficient materials
are constantly being produced; an ex-s
perimental engineering station, a Naval
Observatory, where astronomical obser-
vations and research are conducted, =
nautical publications are prepared and .
from which the correct time is deiAr-
mined and sent out to the country. and,
to ships at sea, photographic Office, .
which supervises surveys and from.
which nautical and aviation charts and
nautical information are provided for
commercial vessels of our own and other
countries. aye-4
Thus we see that the Navy is vast
organization with duties and benefits
covering a very wide. SID of action
great and small. 1t is an essential part.
of our economic life and governmental.
structure.
It was established to insure the safety
OF our ocean commerce and of ours
homeland, and through many crises it
has not failed. Fortunately, there has
always existed public confidence in the
service that carries with it mutual pride
So, working stogether, there is good
reason to hope that the country and.
the Navy Will both prosper and Jointly
promote the cause of justice and peace
in the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14

n ARlS.--Llke the American IaLm-
- er, the. French peasant Is dis
contented. Breeding over pres
Il ent conditions, he Is doing much
thinking. In particular he is
striving to understand what connection
there Is between pan-Europe and him
SELF
Cabinet ministers know the connec-
ton full well, but they do not quite
know how to reveal it. Last week
Premier Pierre Laval called a private
conference on the subject with the
ministers Of foreign affairs, agriculture
and commerce, as well as the under
secretary of national economy.
Harmony, it appears, did not reign
at this meeting. Foreign Minister Bri-
and insisted that France must make
sacrifices in order to realize his pam
Europe scheme and that agriculture
must bear its share Of the burden.
His colleagues objected that 1t would be
difficult to make the French farmer
think European"
Far From Ignorant
In France, as In America, 1t Is usual
to represent the peasant, or farmer, as
'hayseed" and to accord him scant
intelligence. In reality the peasant
may Be slow-witted but he is far from
ignorant He may ponder long, but the
result of his bordering Is generally
marked by much common sense. In
France today the peasant Is pondeung
and wondering why there should AVE
suddenly developed such intense in.tr-
est in agriculture.
Never since the days Of Jules Meline,
Some IS years ago, has there been so
mich mention of farmers and farming
N the councils of state. AS Prj ne
Minister Meline cid the very unusual
thing OF taking the portfolio Of agri-
culture, he stood out as the farmers
friend and the champion OF, protection
Again today there is an unusual incum-
bent at the ministry Of agriculture In
the person Of Andre Tardleu, past and
future premier, who has brought great
vigor to a rather somnoient administra-
ton and who makes public speech on
agriculture at least twice week.
Farmer Becomes Suspicious.
Whansver much fuss Is made about
him, the French farmer becomes sus-
picsous. At the lrcment he is very sus-
picious. indeed. II was bad enough
when he had to understand only French
affairs. He realizes now that he must
also understand European affairs. It Is
Clawning upon him that he is to be
made to play q part. therein. He has
heard that statesmen assembled in
Geneva propose to help farmers in Gen.
tral and southeastern, Europe who cam
not sell their wheat and also to create
an international agricultural credit
bank. Furthermore the suggestion has
been made to him that there is toe
much protection for French agriculture
| ze fears that all this BODIES no good.
Because of protection the index fig-
urs for wheat stands at 123 in France
as compared with lib in Germany and
A in Britainj for potatoes at 1877, -.ai
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-06-14
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page.)
high school graduates and per cent
had had one or more years IN college.
The average physique Is also higher.
The Naval Reserve is maintained to
provide our regular Navy with suf-
ficiently trained personnel to augment
our sea forces in case of a national
emergency. 1t includes the following
general classes: A combatant sea-going
reserve, an aviation reserve, a COM
munication reserve, the administrative
specialist and itechnicist classes, and
q Merchant Marine Naval Reserve.
There are 149 fleet divisions located
in "a different localities, and the men,
bers are citizfns of those localities.
Frequent drills; and annual two-week
cruises comprise the training of these
sea-going reserYists.
The aviation reserve Is composed OF
young college snen, approximately $50
being recruited annually for aviation
training, after (which they receive one
years active Guty if they are found
qualified.
The communication reserve is or
ganized In an extensive network capable
of rapid communication between the
various naval tlistrictS, and its value
as a national asset has already been
Strlklngly demonStrateo In cases OF local
cataStrophes.
Skilled Men Enrolled.
The administrative and specialist
groups are MAGE up of skilled men IN
the many professions and industries as
ISOLATED with tile Navy.
The Merchant Marine Naval Reserve
is composed of licensed officers of vari-
Gus merchant Sessels which have been
approved of BIZ the Navy Department
as being suitable for naval auxiliaries
in time of wars In the past two years
the number of vessels authorized to fly
the Merchant Marine Naval Reserve flag
has increased fSom so to 149 ships, and
the officers FROM 1886 in 1929 to 1856 in
May Of this yeSr. Such class of re-
servistS is of nsitual value to the Navy
and to our Mes'chant Marine, both in
peace time and lin war.
: The man-o- Earsman of today Is q
highly trained specialist, In addition to
his military qua Eff1cations. The collective
efforts of our ehtire naval personnel are
strikingly showh by advances made in
material and the art of war on the sea,
and in the spleSldid condition in which
our fleet is maintained, both in ships,