davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1931-06-21
S8O,OOO,OOO DEFICIT FIRST
in FRANCE In 5 YEARS
Government Considers Not Presenting
1892 Special Budget, Adopting Instead
1881 Figures to Foil Pork Raid.

in state pay or drawing state PEN
sion"
Socialists, as adherents to a political
party, are relatively few in France,
those paying their dues numbering only
10000 in total population of some
40, 100000. But Socialists, in the sense
of those clamoring for a share of the
public funds, represent today the very
great majority of the nation. More
than ever, the object in life of the
average Frenchman and Frenchwoman
is to become a state employe as a pre-
liminary step to becoming state pen
sioner.
When state posts are all filled, pres
sure is brought to bear on the Legisla-
ture to create more. So that, the war
aiding, the state has established more
and more monopolies and has entered
into business activities on a greater and
greater scale. Today the state not only
has civil service, an army and navy,
and Is an educator, but it operates pub
lie utilities, makes tobacco and matches,
runs railroads, sells gun powder and
automobile fuel, organizes the tourist
trafic and builds tramp steamers.
Those who cannot find employment
under the state turn to the next best
thing-they claim subventions from the
state. If 10 men form a fishing club
their first act is to ask for a subven-
ton. If others create an archeologi-
cal society for a little theater" move
ment they also ask for subvention.
And In ninety-nine cases out of a hun
dred they get it. It may be only $40
year for each club. but the total runs
into six figures or more.
Whereas the American Is a great be-
lever in individual effort, such as CO.
operation, insurance and subscriptions,
the Frenchman turns instinctively to
the State for help. The arts and liter
ature appeal for financial support. A
catacylsm of nature Is followed i'm
mediately by a request for state aid.
When a storm ravages fields, orchards
or vineyards, the first step is for Par
Lament to vote an appropriation. There
Is no limit to the process. When warm
days this Spring brought a seasonal
fall in the price of butter, a deputa-
ton Of farmers from Normandy
hastened to Paris to ask the govern
ment to stop this calamity!
The war divided France into three
ategorteS-thoSe who were mobilized
by the state, those who worked for the
state, and those who neither worked
nor were nnobilized, but who were paid
pensions, -doleS . or bonuses by the
state. There are those who fear tSsat
the peace organization of the country
VIII soon be very similar
(Copyrights 195I1
Evening star., 1931-06-21
Britain Is Aroused by Traffic Perils;
Public Urged to Acquire Safety Sense

per cent Of the accidents, 81 per cent
being due to carelessness or confusion,
and % per cent to stepping from the
sidewalk into the street without looking.
One particular brand Of jaywalker
in this country is source of great
annoyance to the driving public. He
is the individual who thinks he should
uphold his constitutional rights to q
part of the road even when on foot.
He is to be found In all communities,
but particularly in rural districts or
small provincial towns.
Professional Drivers Safe.
Professional drivers, especially in
London, have an envianle safety first
record. The London bus driver has
come to be regarded as the finest in the
land. There are approximately 10000
of them. Their accidents in 1890 were
only 1903 every 10000 miles travelled,
figure slightly below that of 1922,
when there were far fewer motor We
hicles on the streets OF the metropolis.
Since 1922 they have won $4,000
awards In the National Safety First
/ Associations freedom from accident
competition. The Lord Mayor Of Lon
don has just awarded $50 gold medal
| lions to professional drivers who had
driven for 10 years without single ac-
cident. OF the tram or street car drivers
447 qualified for freedom from accident
awards last year. One motorman has
not been involved in an accident for
13 years.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
Goal of the Youth War
Continued From First Page.) }

Continued From First Page)
changing social organization as are
any other wars; as any war of cannon
and bomb.
One of the main difdculties that the
writer of such treatise as this has to
contend against Is the incredibly senti-
mental attitude of the average man
or woman toward war. For every man
to be made to see that such class wars
are not spontaneous upheavals Is very
difficult indeed.
The true significance Of the surface
disturbances resulting from the occult
operations of politics of youth escapes
every man entirely. Thus feminiSm
was a political disturbance that re-
manned. doubtless, a great puzzle to
him. "Ah, these womenl" he would
he would bluster, "Ah, these youngsters,
the young devils!"
Mobilize SaIaried Herds.
Let us get right down to the economic
heart Of the matter now, and see If it is
really so difficult to understand why q
first-class economic brain should wish to
encourage this latest of the class wars.
Youth-politics Is, upon the purely eco
and manipulating the salaried herds in
office, workship and factory. It is there
that the effects of youth propaganda
are principally to be looked for-the
wage question Is the critical one.
In highly "rationalized" big business
the machine today takes the place in
creasingly of the man.
In the majority of cases people who
expect, the older they get, to have more
hit q
postage stamp machine or sorting ma
chine. Only they are q machine that
once was new but that Is wearing outl
Ninety per cent of these semi-autom-
atoms are anything but indispensable.
A child of 10 could do their work just
as well, were child labor not illegal.
Seniority Loses Meaning.
Prior to the machine age such
terms as seniority and experience"
may have had some meaning. Today
they have absolutely none. AL this
clutter of obsolete notions, inherited
from an individualistic past different
in every respect from the era OF
Massenmensch) has in some fashion
to be got rid Of. Desperately this
pathetic little robot Of wage slave
clings to all vestigeS of privilege
realities In another system, unreal In
IIllS OLGs ktclSubkCSS1y AAAo A1NASbACs
anonymous boss, in q hundred ways,
discourages and snubs him. In q
hundred ways, likewise, this invisible
person teaches and encourages the
younger colleagues Of Mr. Everyman
to snub and discourage him. For
after all, he has to be taught some
how that his pretentions are absurd
preposterous claims such as no law Of
economics or Of common sense would
be found to endorse.
And this, of course, is where the
age war comes in handy. In the
democratic West measures of drastic
reform cannot be carried through
quite so high-handedly as in Soviet
Russia. The manager of the super
concern cannot send for the little
Robot Tom Thumb in question and
address him as follows:
"You old, bald adding machine Of
forty-odd-I admire your impudence
II am taken aback by your sheer
neckI Do you realize that every year,
Evening star., 1931-06-21
BY GERVILLE REACHE.

Y YIENNA-The Bank for Interna-
tional Settlements and the
" Bank Of England this week
have momentarily saved Gen.
tral Europe from a financial
disaster which would have had roper
cuSSionS in all the countries of the
world. Will this Intervention sufflce?
That Is the question being asked in
all parts Of Europe with certain de-
gree of anxiety.
The Bank for International Settle
ments, by supporting the National
Bank Of Austria, and the Bank of Eng
land, by advancing the Austrian gov
ernment $21 900 900 at a moment when
the latter had resigned in a complete
panic, Professionally prevented mora
torium by Austrian banks which would
have extended rapidly to neighboring
nations and affected Germany herself
some weeks later.
Now there is some time for rejecting
on the situation, which Is far from
rosy.
Compulsory Reorganization.
In Austria a drastic, reorganization
is compulsory. The KreditanStalt,
banking system of Central Europe,
henceforth is horS de combat Its
losses, which are not exactly known,
reach at least $10O,000,000, and sur
prise was expressed because directors
aware of this divulged it so late in the
day. The commission Of inquiry insists
on legal proceedings against certain OF
the directors.
The causes of the failure are only
too notorious. Doubtless the origin OF
all the difficulties arose from the dis
memberment Of the Austro-H Hungarian
Empire, but the Kreditanstalt, which
controlled 66 per cent of Austrian in
dustry, had absorbed another bankrupt
bank, the Bodenkredit, in 1929, with
out even making an inventory. This
had cost it 100000 and, moreover,
had embarked it on ventureSome
policy of extending credit to local in
duStries and banks and freezing foreign
short-term deposits in too ambitious
undertakings, some OF which were
ruined by the maladminiStration Of
their own directors.
Who eventually win take these losses?
The banks capital covers them only
to tie extent Of $12,0O00O0. 1t is
true that the foreign creditors, whose
deposits amount to $4,000 600, have
years. but as the Vienna government
guaranteed the deposits, 1t is the Aus
trian taxpayer who win pay in the end
Yet the Austrian budget this year al
ready has a deficit Of $2l, 100000.
Efforts 70 Meet Deficit.
In order to I'LL the deficit In the
budget, which had been balanced on
the basis of about $285 ZOO. 900, the
previous minister of finance asked cuts
of $9,00O,0OO through economies and
| $l2, 600, 900 through reduction of ON.
cials' salaries and reform Of unemploy-
ment insurance, both schemes being
eminently unpopular in a time of crisis.
| It is understandable that Chancellor
Ender claimed plenary powers in order
to act, but the Socialists refused, and
President Miklas sought another pre-
mier. The new cabinet must, further
more, carry the burden of the loan Of
$21, 100000 from the Bank of England
and solve the dificult problem Of in
! ducing the international bankers syn
dicate to take up this loan, which is
renewable In seven days. Finally, the
new cabinet must still borrow $60,000..
Evening star., 1931-06-21

cotton. The current price Is far below
the cost of production; and yet in spite
of its cheapness. consumption Of Ameri-
can cotton has fallen of sharply.
American sales abroad last year were
100000 bales below normal, while
India and the other foreign growers
materially increased their business.
This plight would not be so serious
If it were only local or sectional prob
lem. but the truth is that cotton is the
chief export item in United States for
eign trade-and its decline affects the
welfare Of railroads. steamships. export
merchants and all who have any part
in this trade. Through them it affects
Evening star., 1931-06-21

NAR1S.-Tne french ParnamenC
l. painfully realized this week that
the 1880 budget will show q
l. deficit of at least $4,000, 900,
the first deficit in five years and
the largest in so years. and that there
Is a likelihood that the 1881 budget
will show an even larger unfavorable
balance.
AS a consequence, the Government
is reported to be considering not pre-
senting a special budget for 1882 and
adopting instead the same figures as
for 1881, in order to prevent the
deputies, on the eve Of the parliament
tary elections next Spring, from making
raid on the pork barrel for electoral
purposes.
In view Of the ever-growing demands
made on the public funds, the ques-
ton being asked seriously on all sides
today is: What will happen to France
when the whole country Is but one huge
pork barrel?
Election stores are already going
the rounds, for deputies and would-be
deputies are feeling the pulse of the
voters. Here Is one story which is told
frequently:
A Deputy was addressing public
meetings in his constituency. In a
small village an elector waited for him
after the meeting.
What can I do for youP" asked the
legislator.
you've simply got to do something
for me-" replied the man, "for my sit
uation in this village Is absolutely
ridiculous
'How's that?"
I'm the only man here who isn't
Evening star., 1931-06-21
Kemal Selects" Group
To Form ssOpposition'

VIENNA, Austria. Kemal
Pasha Is President of Turkey for
another four years, following elections
to the Ankara Chamber Of Deputies.
Ismet Pasha, Kemars right-hand man,
again becomes prime minister and has
announced a new program Of national
economy.
Twenty Opposition" deputies are
sitting in the chamber. It is a queer
paradox that they were elected and
ordered to be the Opposition by will
of the government itself. Kemal, who
has just house-cleaned his parliament,
wants a little group of deputies who are
not members of his Peoples party. So
20 were elected to the chamber and
instructed henceforth to vote against
himl &
Evening star., 1931-06-21

indirectly the economic welfare Of the
whole country.
Our exports Of raw cotton on several
occasions since the World War have
exceeded In value $1,000, 100000 an
nually. Even our foreign sales Of auto
mobiles and other manufactures have
not succeeded until very recently in
threatening the pre-eminent place of
cotton in international trade, and econ
as a danger sign not alone to the
South, but to the whole Nation. Should
King Cotton's sway decline to that of
a mere domestic power, the loss would
be felt nationally
Evening star., 1931-06-21
BY GEORGE w. GRAY.

~ OTTON, the traditional King
Midas of Dixie, Is sick, and a
whole empire in the South is
~ suffering with it. I have just
completed a wide tour Of the
cotton kingdom, and wherever the fiber
is grown one hears stories Of the hard
ships and improverishment of those de-
pendent upon cotton for living.
In some sections the mounting debt
incurred by tenants and other farmers
to secure money advances for seed and
provisions has brought them to state
of virtual slavery. Banks have failed
and merchants have gone bankrupt on
Evening star., 1931-06-21

for fifteen years now, you should have
been getting less annually, not more,
for your wretched services? Is It
possible that you do not see that Q
boy Of twenty is far better able than
you are to perform the simple tasks
for which we pay you so handsomely
better, because he is twenty years
more fresh than you-no other reaa
son-ten years hence he'll be In the
same class as you-but at least we are
teaching him what to expect! His
notions won't be SO grand as yours.
He knows that he will get less, If any
thing, and will be very lucky If he
gets as much for time. But you
you are preposterous! You ask for q
raise-and for more and more money
the older you get.
THAT is indeed the limit! There Is
many a good strong youth of seven
teen who would eat his hat for your
job. Do you know that? For two
pins, I'd give it to him! I love youth.
do-there's no nonsense about
youth-grateful for whatever turns
up. as hard as nails and none Of your
nonsense about experienced Youth
at the helm! That's my motto! You
hop it-and don't let me hear again
word about higher wages, see?
From now on drop you As. Cd And
at the New Year out you go! We
shall require your services no longerP"
Tirade Imaginary.
The corpulent and highly expert
enced manager would by this time be
quite out Of breath, We will suppose.
But, actually, this justihable TRADE
could never be uttered at all-democ-
racy precludes any such divine direct
ness.
And then-still more effective
Young Mr.. Everyman can be steamed
up (by hypnotic compulsion of press
and other propaganda and inceSsant
hoarSe whispers in his ear that he Is
young, and that he should inherit the
earth by all rights: and Young Mr..
Everyman will scowl or curl his lip
more and more at the sight Of Old
Mr.. Everyman-untn eventually, upon.
any pretext. Young Mr.. e. viii be tell
ing Old Mr.. e. over and over again
all the disobliging things that the
strategic @. H. Q. Of Big Business has
had conveyed (via press and film)
into his otherwise not very well
stocked or reSourceful noodle. Again
Mrs. Everyman viii be called upon =
play her part in this bitter and squalid
comedy. Unfurling the banner Of the
sex war, she will also tell Mr.. Everyman
WAAot oAAC bAAAAAhS Va 4lAkls
Picture Is True.
There you have, I think, q true, II
cartcatural, picture Of what is hap
pening just beneath the surface, upon
all hands, today. Is that purely eco !
nomic situation really so dificult to
understand? Are the motives really
so markedly lacking for the indul-
gence in youth-politics by big busi-
ness? Cheap child labor has always
been, as far as legally possible, EN-.
ployed. And actually at present we
know that cheap old labor Is used IN
many big concerns, as it were, in
competition with child labor. we
hear Of squadrons Of old female typ
lists, from fifty to sixty, taken on at
sweated child labor wages, used In /,
the invoice department OF great bust.
ness houses. But it Is unnecessary to
insist. The principal has now, I think,
been made su11ciently clear.
Evening star., 1931-06-21

But why should King Cotton be
sick?
The dominant figure in the American
cotton trade is w. L. Clayton Of Hous-
ton. and while in Texas sought him
out and propounded this same ques-
ton that had asked of farmers, gin
ners, buyers, merchants, bankers and
others throughout the South. Many
of them, indeed, had referred me to
Mr.. Clayton.
ASK viii Clayton" said one of the
farmers of the rich Brazos bottom land
He knows more about cotton than al
the rest Of them put together" Ex-
CONTINUED on Fourth Pagel
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Y YIENNA.-The Bank for Interna-
tional Settlements and the
" Bank of England this week
have momentarily saved Gen.
Evening star., 1931-06-21
BY G. H. ARCHANIBAULr.

NARIS.-The French Parliament
- painfully realized this week that
the 1880 budget will show q
II dnHcik Of Of leaSt SQn nan nm
Evening star., 1931-06-21
HYDE DENIES FARM BOARD
is ACTIVE In @BUSINESS"
Secretary, in Forum, Hits Back at Critics,
Discounting Criticism 1t Has Lost
$5OO,OOO, OOO-Praises Relief Work.

The following speech was made by
Secretary OF Agriculture Arthur M.
Hyde, over the National Radio Forum,
arranged by The Star ana broadcast
over a coast-to-coast network of the
Columbia Broadcasti-4g System, last
night at $3.50 o'clock, from Station
WMAIL here:
Evening star., 1931-06-21

To the research scientist every new
oroiect is a rainbow Of promise-the
bot of gold is always about to be un-
earthed by the next spadeful of earth.
occasionally they are right. For in
stance: About year ago a chemist was
looking for plant molds to produce tar
taric acid He had examined 149 with
o,It results. Number $50 Unexpectedly
nroduced gluconic acid. Gluconic acid
is now used in making calcium glucon-
Ate. a calcium salt that Is extremely
valuable to the medical profession. This
calcium salt was once so rare that II
cost $3.50 q pound. Now It nay be had
for so cents a pound, and so the
humble, despised mold, harnesed BY oul
Evening star., 1931-06-21

Not in Business.
We hear the cry Government in
business" The Farm Board is not in
business. It is not going In business.
Its business Is to put the farmer in
busineSs-in the business of planning
the volume Of his crop, in the business
of following his crop, through organiza-
ton. into the markets of the world; in
the business OF having sales depart
ment for his production, just as any
other factory has. Why not? It Is his
crop. He produced it. Nobody is
clothed with divine right, or vested
with authority to sell 1t for him. If
there is anything new or revolutionary
about this, the novelty is due solely to
the fact that 1t Is farmers who are
organizing. Business, finance, labor
did it many years ago.
Another stereotyped criticism IS that
the board has lost $500, 600 900. It can
not definitely be said that the Farm
Board has lost anything. The total
amount that the board has at risk is
around $500, ,00O,0 900. For that money
| it has thousands Of bales Of cotton
millions of bushels of wheat, and the
| pledge of credit of many organizations
s0f earnest men who are striving through
organization to benefit 271a millions
Of our fellow Americans. No one can
foretell what the final accounting will
be. II 1t were necessary to liquidate
ON the present market, there would be
a large loss on the face of the paper
transactions, but when benefits already
achieved for agriculture are balanced
against any probable loss of funds, tha
CONTINUED on Fourth Page.)
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1931-08-14
OLD IRONSIDES TO VISIT
PORTS

The U. S. Frigate Constitution.
having won her latest battle that
against the ravages of time, has again
put to sea. Her course will carry
her along the Atlantic Seaboard past
many OF the scenes of her former
triumphs where she held full sway
and gained the reputation that made
her one of the most outstanding YES
sells of the United States Navy.
Her historic conquests which proved
notable contributions to the birth
and maintenance Of American liberty
are well known to every patriotic
citizen, particularly to those whose
generosity made possible the restora-
ton of "Old Ironsides. I"
The famous ship will be in Will
mington on September is. Because
OF the necessity, of maintaining a
schedule the ships in tow of navy
tug, despite her log record showing
ability to better IL knots. She has
no power aboard, with lighting at
sea being supplied by oil lamps or
small dry battery lights. AS re-
suit the General Electric Company is
installing a radio for the entertin.
ment OF the officers and crew.
odd Irousides" will remain in
Wilmington for three days and will
be open for public inspection. Aside
from the ship itself many historic
relics and much of the interesting
original equipment has been preserv
ed and will be shown to visitors.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1931-08-14
WOODLAND

The Hopewell Community Club held
their annual picnic on the lawn of Mrs.
w. B. Clagett. the 9th.
There will be no preaching service at
Hopewell. the 10th and 23rd. as the pastor
is taking his vacarion. having had none
the past two years.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold E. Tyson. and
Naomi spent few days the 6rst of the
week at his sisters cottage at Woodland
Beach, Delaware.
Mrs. G. B. Cullen and Junior, Of
Philada. spent last week with Mr.. and
Mrs. Clayton Mcdowell.
Master Billy Hewes. of Whining ton,
spent last week with Master Norman
Barnes.
Miss Margaret Miller. who Is spending
the summer In Philadelphia spent the
weekend with her sister. Mrs. S. R.
Tome.
Miss Mary E. Rawlings. Of Baltimore
is Spending her vacation with relatives
here.
Miss Ira Hite. Mrs. R. G. Terry and
Norbury Hite accompanied by Rolaud
Tome. of Port Deposit. left Monday on
motor trip to Niagara Falls.
Mrs. Clinton L. Thompson and sister.
Mrs. o. G. Smith, or Port Deposit have
been visiting the formers son. Ralph aud
family.
Mrs. Ohio W. Gibson. of Charlestowu,
is visiting Mrs. holland Campbell. She
spent the first of the week with Mrs.
Clayton Mcdowell.
Miss Jean T. Hewes. of Wilmington.
is visiting the M. L. Thompson family.
Miss Elizabeth Tyson left in her new
car for Blowing Rock. N. c.. in Blue
Ridge Mountains.
Miss Virginia K. Barnes is the guest of
Miss Annette Hewes. at Brandywine !
Summit Camp.
Mr.. and Mrs, ]. Newell Abrahams
drove from their home 10 Topeka. Kansas
reaching his old home here the 4th, stay
ing for the family reunion over the week.
end, leaving Monday for Lyme N, H..
10 visit Mrs. Abrahams brorher.
Mr.. and Mrs John Abrahams, son and
laughter. also of Topeka. Kansas. ar
lived Saturday from Montreal. Canada,
llso Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Abrahams,
If Brooklyn. N. Y. and Mr. Charles X.
Abrahams. of Baltimore. The other
members of the family are Misses Virginia
md Cornelia Abrahams. Mr.. Joseph
Abrahams. son Joe. and daughter
sruna.