Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-28
MENTAL ELSLA|D
|. TO BRA|N.CAANGES
Academy Hears Theory That
CoaguIation or Dishursal
Causes Insanity.

IeSLIlCteQ afe8 leu 10 the 11fBt 0oH1ee~
tication Of animals, and the next step
was the beginning Of agriculture a. Q
source OF food, he explained.
The story OF this progressive "drying
up" Of Northern Africa has been re-
vealed by biologists. who have uncov-
cred the successive beach lines Of
Fayum Lake, go miles east of the Nile.
and examined the human artifacts at
each level.
SOlomOn's Stables Found.
Other workers, Prof. Breasted said,
are engaged in copying and deeiphering
the enormous accumulation Of CONN
texts" written on the inside covers Of
the elaborate cedar coftins Of O very
early period In Egyptian history. Here,
he said. for the nrst time In human
history appears the idea Of good and
evil. It may be considered. he said,
to mark the birth Of conscience.
Six expeditions are at work in Egypt.
The most notable project 10 At the
on the temple walls are being copied
and deciphered and the ground plan Of
the Kings palace restored. There are
also. Prof. Breasted revealed. Elk ex-
petitions at work in Asia Minor. where
the most elaborate project IL the exea-
Walton Of the city Of Armageddon, ttae
Megiddo Of the Old Testament, which
has been the traditional battle-ground
between Asia and Africa since the be-
ginning Of history. Here an elaborate
system Of stables has been uncovered.
which. Prof. Breasted said. undeubted-
~ were the stables Of King Solomon,
trading business In Egypt. Another ex-
~
Sargon the FIRST Of AsSyria, the King
who u supposed to have captured the
10 tribes Of Israel.
Osborn Helds Evolution Slew.
Prof Henry Fairchild Osborn, presi.,
dent Of the American Museum Of Matt
ural History, today attacked all acct.
Dental theories Of evolution. His de-
fense Of evolution by allow progress was
the evolution OF the nnaStodon.
He said the evolution Of the SCOOP
like lower jaw Of the shoyel-tusked
mastodon Is evidence that evolutionary
changes do not occur by accident. but
result from the struggle for existence"
among organs within an animal.
The shovel.tusked nastodon devel-
oped its lower jaw into q scoop to
gather swamp plants, while its Yela-
tive. the African elephant, developed it,
upper tusls to great length to uproot
Prof. Osborn believes each animal Dc.
veloped the tusks best adapted 70 gath
ering food in It's vicinity, not by acei-
dent. but by necessity.
Work Develops Organs.
This supports his belief that organs
Of an animal which develop most rap
idly are those that do the most work.
Machines break down under resistance.
he pointed out, but animal organs I'm
prove In proportion to the resistance
they meet.
This principle. Prot. Osborn en-.
held modern evolution theories. These
are the Lamarekian theory, that new
animal types arise because they In
herit changes resulting from changed
habits In past generations; the OAR
winian theory. that new types result
nom accidental variations Of which
only the best adapted survive, and the
vitalistic theories, that changes arise
from . driving force within the gerln
plaSn. ...,. So -
New evolutionary principles have been
and its development through miiiions
Of years. Prof. Osborn said. These. he
believes. are contrary to accepted
genetic theories that new animal types
result from mutations, or sudden
changes within the germ plaam, or
that they arise from chemical or pi,ysi.
cal changes In genes, the microscopic
factors that transmit characteristics
from father to SON. 81
Genetics TO Aid Evolution.
Experiments indicating that emotions
vary IN different races. were described
by @. NJ. Stratton Of the university
OF California, He studied anger and
rear reactions OF O. group OF white
people. and noted differences In shanes
OF their heads and color of eyes and
hair. which were taken to be signs OF
racial dtnerences. Emotional reactions
seemed 70 diner according to differences
in race.
DR., John c. Merriam, president Of
the Carnegie Institution Of Washing
ton, raised the question Of whether hui
man individually will be submerged II
social evolution continues.
There Is no evidence. he said, that
the physical evolution of mankind Is
nearing. its end. He suggested that
pnysicaI evolution may be guided in
principles Of genetics to human deyei-
opment. and that this will provide q,
basis for continued mental and social
evolution.
Seeks Cause Of lee Ages.
The succession Of ice ages, from the
last OF which the northern hemisphere
have been due to q decrease in the
carbon dioxide in the earth's atn,os-
phere, DR.. e. o. Hulburt Of the Naval
Research Laboratory told the academy.
Meteorologists never havo been able
to explain satisfactorily the long con-
tinued climatic changes which made
1t possible for glaciers to sweep down
out OF the Arctic over large areas Of
the present temperate zone.
DR.. Hulburt today demonstrated
automatically that II the carbon diox-
tde In the atmosphere were decreased
by one-half 1t would mean an average
lo-degree decrease In the temperature
at the surface the world over. This
would have been sufncient to have AZ
lowed the glaciers to advance.
Polar Radiation Discussed.
The heat Of the atmosphere, IL was
explained, IL due to q very complicated
radiation and reradiation OF the heat
received from the sun. Most Of the
direct radiation from the sun does
not heat the air 1t passes through, but
when 1t strikes the earth the wave
length is changed so that It can be
absorbed by the air molecules. The
amount absorbed depends largely on
the chemical composition Of these
molecules
Although carbon dioxide Is a yerv
small part Of the air, DR.. Hulburt ex-
planned, it greatly effects the compost
ton and hence the heat radiation. 1T
Is subject to fluctuations due TO
obscure physical causes. Conversely.
DR.. Huiburt explained. II the amount
was doubled the surface Temperature
Of the earth would be twice what IL
Ya0uy In ~