davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1931-05-22
Photo. Harris 4 EWtnI
RON WILKES
SAYS

A PPRECIATING deeply the
"A splendid patronage Washing
ton has given us, it gives neon
behalf of our OrganizatiOn-ex-
treme pleasure to invite you to
make an inspection of our new,
modern facilities for your service.
Let us show you our spacious sales
quarters-Our rOOmy, indoor drive
in service, our modern battery and
tire vuIcanizing installations.
With the leading tire-GOOD-
YEAR-natiOnally preferred EX.
IDE batteries-and these i'm.
proved, modern service facilities,
we feel that we offer you Outstand-
ing values. Stop in tomorrow.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-01
Tent Show Coming
Auspices Of Legion

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-01
Fairbanks I'm New
Fashionable Role

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Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1931-03-01
HOLMES GETS
COVETED ROLE
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The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
Vagrancy and Chain Gang

whipped to make them get up and work again
On July "a, 1880, for example two convicts-
G. F. Brooks, white and Leroy Smith, Negro
serving on the Forsyth County, S. G. chain gang
died without regaining consciousness after suf-
fering sunstroke. Another case occurred at CAT
feney, S. c., little later. Many such deaths
are not reported, or the men are whipped to
death or shot and the case is reported as sun
stroke" or died from natural causes"
Ignorant and brutal men are selected to have
charge of the gangs. Most of them have had
experience working as guards in turpentine
camps, for levee contractors or other private
slave drivers. A prime qualification for the job
is to know how to handle blood hounds and
'niggers.'"
Punishment which is frequent and which in
cludes all the horror devices chains, shackles,
spikes on feet, flogging, confinement in the
"dog-houSe" a coffin-like box barely large
enough to suspend man upright by his wrists,
clubbing, sticks, bread and water diet etc.. are
punishment nine times out of ten for non-per-
Torrance of task, failure to keep up with pace
settlers.
committee of women who were investigating
a prison camp in Alabama recently compelled the
guards to break open a 'dog-house." Negro
worker suspended by the wrists in the cof-
fn-like CELL his weight being on his NUMBERED
arms. He was unconscious. Lime had been
placed at the bottom of the box and had eaten
into his feet They were swollen many times
their natural size. When released the worker
pitched forward Oh his face unconscious.
. 'ico' attention can be had only as white
waa.l .asture after death from overwork or
whipping. Pills are administered by the guards
for all ailments not serious enough for sending
to the hospital
Housing conditions around the chain gang
camps are of the worst. Two methods of housing
are in vogue One is cage-like cell house
mounted on wheels so that the camp can follow
the work. This cage is about 10 feet long and
about feet high and wide. 1t is the home for
about 20 men. During the hot summer nights
the men, packed Standardization into this cage,
sweat and stink but seldom sleep. When night
comes the tired workers find piece of coarse
dirty cloth stretched over some lumpy straw
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
Stout-Hearted Upholders
of Free Speech

The following amusing example of something
OF other is the letter of the Civil Liberties Union
to the Los Angeles Chief of Police, taken from
the L. A. Record OF March 5:
THE executive committee of the American
Civil Liberties Union, Southern California
branch, at its meeting this afternoon took
cognizance of the fact that there viO-
lence exhibited by the police Wednesday, Feb
ruary 25, in arresting Communists at their So
called demonstration" $50 it was merely a
SPECIALIZED" demonstration to these called
uphOlders of the civil rights of speech and as
semblyD
I'VE feel particularly gratified over the show
ing that the police made on that occasion. :"
ct seems that they would be not only graft
fled" but overjoyed if the victims were not only
arrested, but sent up for IA years to San Quen-
tin for criminal syndicalism long as no.
body got bloody nose)
1--WE as an organization have never objected
to the police department making arrests when
they felt that any law or city ordinance was
being violated. The thing we steadfastIy OBJ
iected to has been the unwonted of viO
lence.
Of the violence was "wonted'-or customary
then it would be all right Yet these outrageou
hypocrites protest against the simple arrest q
the Imprisonment by the revolutionary courts q
the Soviet Union, of counter-revolutionar Grim
inalsD
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
Convict Labor i'm Indiana!

After getting all aflutter about convict labo'
in the Soviet Union, it was most distressing.
the City Council fathers of Hammond, Indi~
to be caught at it, Comrade Paul A. B., tells,
about it:
"a chcuvinistic outfit of the A. F. of L.
Gals, lawyers and businessmen Of this town,
ling themselves the Municipal Taxpay
League, intending to ship all Mexican work. A.
back to Mexico and give Hammond Taxpayers
the blessings Of jobs, went to the City Council,
The Council gave the M. T. L. whole-hearted
support, for which the M T. L., felt very CRATE.
full and the meeting was about to be adjourned
when up spoke a manufacturer.
lie manufactures street municipalities, his
factory employs Hammond men, mo Mexicans
And he censured the City for letting contract
for $4,000 to the State Prison for these plates
Here the City Council was using the products O
convict labor in competition with free labo,
and most patriotic manufacturer
THE City Fathers were taken aback The.
elected committee to see if the city coult
renege on the contract Thus a meeting to "ait
and furnish jobs for unemployed" ended py 81,
ing the jobless nothing and to manufacturer
a contract"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
Look to the Bee, We Sluggard

Dear jorge
I See in yours OF March ~, these words: SIN
the sweat of thy brow thou shalt earn thy
bread!"
Now you've been raised on farm, and must
be able ogive me some information on bees.
1 have always noticed that during bee harvest
time the Mule bees gather all the honey while the
male bees eat honey and fly around on pleasure
trips But during the Fall and Winter, Nthese
male bees miraculously disappear; anyway
they are not there in the Springtme
please tell us what becomes of them or where
they go to?-A Worker"
Our dictionary uses other terms than our cor
respondent for the classes Of bees. There are
three classes: the queen female, the male drones,
and the "neuters' or undeveloped females which
our reader calls the Mules Our dictionary says:
The drones serve merely for impregnating the
queen, after which they destroyed by the
neuters. These last are the laborers of the hive"
Not exactly the dictatorship Of the proletariat
but not so funny for the drones
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
Article 2.
By WALTER WILSON.

THE system of vagrancy and chain gangs is also
being used to hamper militant labor organ
izations by arresting organizers on vagrancy
charges and sentencing them to long chain gang
terms. This has been particularly true since
the outbreak of southern strikes including Gas
tonia, in 1929. Paid labor organizers from the
revolutionary unions are sent to the chain gang
on charges of vagrancy. The judges who have
the discretion of applying the law merely state
that tie organizer is not in "a legitimate bust
ness"
To be vagrant and to be eligible for this tor
ture system of forced labor you must have at
least two primary qualifications. You must be
a wroker or poor farmer. You must be without
money and without powerful friends. Not only
unemployed workers refusing to accept starva-
ton wages but also "discontented" workers are
framed and sent to the chain gang.
What is this chain gang? 1t is part of the
convict camp system in the South under the
control OF the county governments though it
frequently takes in state prisoners, too The
chain gang victims are forced to work on public
roads for the state or contractor and sometimes
on other jobs The men are hobbled with short
chains riveted to the legs to restrict movement
Hence the name 1t is the chief penal institu-
ton Of the South and was organized to put teeth
into the peonage and vagrancy laws to guarantee
an ample supply of forced labor.
Once convicted, '1eave all hope behind all who
enter here" The typical southern chain gang is
more than nightmare of horrors 1t is stark
reality staring every unemployed worker in the
face Men tolng on the chain gangs are slaves
without any capital value. Shaving from sun
to sun, brutally beaten, wantonly killed--it does
not really matter Another worker can be brought
in. The men slave crushing rock, telling trees
digging bitches building roads, with big shackles
and chains on them to restrict movement. Guards
with whips and guns watch to see that the
striped-clothed convicts work speedily and con-
tnuously. Blisters on feet from WORKOUT ILL
fitting shoes and swollen, calloused hands are
inevitable.
During the hottest day the men are driven
until they are struck down by the sun, then
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
From Bard0li to Delhi
BY BURCK

the movement naturally fell into the hands of
the petty bourgeois and bourgeois elements.
Contrast with this the beginning of the present
revolutionary struggle. Regardless of what the
National Congress traitors say and naive people
believe it was not Gandhi's salt march to the
sea but the gigantic strike movement of the In
dian working class during the last three years
that set the revolutionary wave rolling over the
country The impression of proletarian mill
fancy is written large on the uprisings in Shola-
pur and Peshawar, the numerous battles with
the police, on the peasant movement and no
amount of bourgeois bigotry and treachery can
erase it.
A very noticeable change has taken place in
the character of the peasant movement. Nine
years ago as now the peasants were effectively
fighting for land and for the cancellation of
debts. But the whole class struggle in the vii
lage was covered with the cloak ofNcaste an
tagonism and religious hatred. For instance the
heroic Mopla uprising lin Madras Province) after
which about 10000 peasants were sentenced to
hard labor in the Andamans and many more
were slaughtered was fight of the peasants
against the most reactionary, feudal landlords
in India. But it happened that the peasants
were MoSlems while the landlords were Eindus.
So it turned into an issue of MoslemS against
Hindus, which of course only helped the British
imperialists and the landlords to crush the revolt
In the present peasant movement the religious
and the caste issue is definitely more the
dominant question. Nearly in all cases where
the British Indian government mentions peasant
uprisings it admits that the movement is mot
communal but economic" which in inlperialist
language means that it is class movement of
the exploited peasantry regardless of religion.
Even the supposedly wild tribes of the north
western Indian frontier showed a new outlook
when in the summer of last year they came to
grips with the Indian army. The Indian cor
respondent OF the London Times bitterly COM
plained at the time that a very disquieting
feature of the rebellion was that the tribesmen
who are Mosems no more robbed the Indian
villages but, on the contrary, making friends
with the Hindu peasants who were hiding them
from the imperalist soldiers.
An entirely new feature of the peasant move
ment is the ennergence of the agricultural labor
as the leading element in the agrarian strug-
gle. This was recently the case in a broad move
ment in Berar Province.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21

North are different" etc. All these excuses are
chauvnism and lack of understanding Of the
Negro problem The section committee in
structed this unit that its plan of work must
concentrate On the Negro neghborhood The
district bureau sent comrade into the unit to
discuss with the comrades the district plan of
work for the building Of the L. S. N. r. and the
Party policy on the organization of Negro work.
ers The section committee sent new unit
organizer into that unit and still only few of
the members responded to this work. The Sec
ton committee again discussed this failure of
the unit. 1t was decided that comrade be
transferred into the unit that would go every
night in the company of one of the unit menu
bers to show these members how to speak to
Negro workers. This was done in preparation
for Feb. 10. In the following unit meeting the
comrades related their experiences and great
enthusiasm displayed over the simplicity of
the task. This served to break the chief OBJ
stacle in the way of doing Negro work.
The unit has since then opened special head
quarters in the Negro neighborhood and formed
an unemployed council.
The results Of the three months plan will be
tabulated on one sheet Of paper directly CORE
spending with the tabulation of the plan and
will no doubt reveal many weaknesses, which
1t will be the duty Of the Party committees to
overcome in formulating the plans for the fol-
lowing three months
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
By ID. r. ID.

L.
THE capitulation of the Indian bourgeosie and
the calling off of Gandhis passive resistance
civil disobedience) campaign by the Indian Ma
tional Congress marks the end of a certain stage
in the development of the revolutionary struggle
in India. This is not the first time the Indian
bourgeosie puts itself at the head of the mass
movement in order to behead it, Nine years ago,
at the height of the offensive of the Indian
masses against British Imperialism and the land
lords, the National Congress passed the ill-famed
BardoI resolution calling off in similar man
ner all anti-imperalist activities. At that time
the Indian capitalists succeeded in stemming the
rising tide of the revolution, in diverting the
blow from their imperialist masters. What in
the present situation are the perspectives of the
revolutionary struggle in India? No amount of
prophetic inspiration will help to answer this
question. But neither can we rest content with
a question mark with which the majority of
the so-called serious bourgeois observers and
false Communists of the renegade variety wind
up their discussions on the Indian problem. 1t
is to the relationship of classes in the anti
imperiaist struggle to the objective factors gov
erning it, to the ability of the Indian Commu-
mist Party to make use of these objective factors
that must look for an answer to a question
which is of greatest moment not only to the
Indian masses but also to the revolutionary work.
erS of the whole world
The Struggle Develops a Higher Plain
In more than one way the present revolution
airy struggle in India differs essentially from the
postwar upheaval
The upheaval of 1892 started as an ele-
mental revolt of the exploited Indian masses
spurred on by high prices and a devastating
famine The unspeakable atrocities perpetrated
by the imperialst butchers (notably the mas
fluence of the Russian revolution on the other,
combined to arouse the masses against their i'm
perialist eXploters. But while actually waging
the struggle the revolutionary classes hardly
knew what they were fighting for. With the
working class still in its infancy, in the absence
of proletarian organizations able to contest the
leadership of the revolution, the hegemony in
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21
&!l,%.<
FrOm-and -Sh0ckers
BY JORGE

ut is" asserted Y. c. L. SHOCK trooper" who
writes us from Pittsburgh, mot so good to go
around hungry, with no place to stay, very lit
tie clothes or other elementary needs; but we can
face it and make progress and in fact pay little
attention to these matters.
But what gets us is a Party member who has
a home with an extra room, yet every dog-gone
time we come from the field to the city of Pitts
burgh we can't get place to stay. And when
we do the way we are treated makes us feel
as if we are not wanted around. This does not
hold true of all G. P. members, but unfortunately
the few are the exception and the rest are the
rule"
u nlml This seems to be a case for the
Workers and Peasants Inspection. But we have
not established that yet So we'll have to use
moral persuasion not only on the unfeeling Party
comrades, but also on the "shockers' some of
whom, we hear on good authority, are also a bit
thoughtless.
There may be, and probably are, rooms enough
to go around for all if there were some systematic
attention given to the matter And the Shock
ers' have right to expect it. On the other
hand when a Party comrade gives key to one
lone "shocker' it is a bit surprising to find two
days afterward that 'shockers" multiply like rab-
bits and the extra room is in a state Of affairs
resembling the Wickersham Report, all mixed up.
Maybe some comradely Hausfrau might VOL
nteer as Ways and Means Committee of one.
to tend to single pigeonhole somewhere around
the district office, where Party comrades who
have places can leave word, and "shockers" need
ing places can put in applications, the COM
mittee to balance the supply and demand, and
inform both sides of the rules as laid down BY
the oracle of Red Sparks
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-03-21

representing the Party. The shop gates are full
jobs are reserved and cannot be led into con-
versation. To the section committee also was
called a comrade, from another unit, who had
sdone considerable work in getting contacts.
This comrade related his method of approach
as worker to worker" He ted how he goes
with the workers on the street ear gets ac-
quainted, becomes friendly and finally visits him
at home. BY this method he has succeeded in
getting contacts with many workers in the shop.
They talk freely to him about the conditions
in the shops, about their grievances, etc. This
comrade showed that by steady friendship and
gaining the confidence of the workers much can
be accomplished.
The new method was adopted by the unit in
question and within short period of time two
members came into the T. U. u. L.. an unenl-
ployed council was developed under the leader
ship of the workers in that shop in the neigh
borhood where most of them live, and the unit
is concentrating on getting shop nucleus in
that shop. An organization committee of the
T. U. u. L. is now working there.
To a less successful degree, but with continued
persistence the plan of work is serving to strike
blow at some manifestation of white chauvin-
ism" in one of the units. This unit is located
in the heart of the Negro neighborhood and has
resisted doing work among the Negroes. Vari-
Gus excuses, such as 81 don't know how to talk
to Them" "It is useless-they will not join us,
they are too religious" 1.-THE Negroes in tho