davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
MARINE CORPS NEWS

Col Edward A. Greene, who cams
within the scope OF the recent activi~
ties Of the Line Selection Beard Of the
Corps. is TO be placed upon the retired
list as OF September /. Col. Gerald M.
Kincade has relieved Col. Greene Of
Marine ofIicer OF the BROOKLYN Navy
Yard Barracks. New York
Lieut.. Col. Randolph Coyle has been
detached from corps headquarters this
city TO the Army War College. this city.
The following commissioned officera,
having been found qualified profess
sionally. physically. etc. for promotion,
nave. accordingly. been certified by the
Corps Examining Boards, respectively
and been duly promoted to the grades
indicated: Maj. James r. Moore. MAJ,
John M. Arthur, Mai Thomas p.
Cheatham, Mai. Louis W. Whaiey Cant
Theodore H. Cartwright. Capt william
Ulrich, Capt. Paul r. Cowley and First
Lieut.. John H. Stiilman.
Capt. Joseph jackson, who long has
been identified with small arms tnstruc-
ton at the various recruit depots Of the
corps, Is to be placed upon the retired
list January /. He Will be detached
from corps headquarters September IS
and win proceed TO his home 10 await
retirement
Capt. Jacob Lienhard. heretofore a..
tacneu 70 BROOKLYN BARRACKS, has been
ordered 70 the Naval Hospital this city
for treatment and to corps headuuar-
ters for temporary attachment Whether
Capt Lienhard win have 70 appear be-
fore the Survey Board has not been Of
ficially announced Is yet
Capt. Richard o. Sanderson, now at.
tached 10 corps headquarters, will be
detached August 20 10 the Army Indus.
trial College, this city. First Lieut.. st.
Julian r. Marshall, also attached to
corps headquarters, will be detached
September to duty and postgraduate
instruction In law ut Harvard Univer-
Sity Law School.
Lieut.. Col. james J. Meade, chief Of
stan to Maj. Gen. Butler at Quantico,
has been on temporary leave In this
city. stopping at 1900 Twenty-ninth
street
Capt. Donald r. FOX Of rakehurst.
NJ j., Station. while in the city on
leave has been stopping at 1887 Ken
nedy street.
First Lieut.. James L. Denham OF
Quanttco has been on temporary duty
at corps headquarters during the past
week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Army.
A number OF changes among the COM
misSioned personnel on duty In the Of
fee of the Chief Of Ordnance, War De-
partment, has or will take place shortly.
Lieut.. Col Charles @. Mettler, o. D.,
has been transferred to duty as execu-
tive ofi1cer to the chief Of the New York
district ordnance Office, relieving Maj.
Philip p. Famonville, VINO viii go 70
duty at Aberdeen Proving Ground Md.
Mai James II. Burns o. D., is the new
chief of the Artillery division manufac-
turing service Of the ordnance ONCE,
relieving Maj Walter P. Boatwright,
who will be the new commanding Of
ficer of Raritan Arsenal, N. j., succeed
ing Maj. Burns.
Capt. Gordon M. Wells, o. D., who
has gone on foreign service, has been
replaced in the anti-aircraft section by
Capt. Morris K. Barroll. and the latter'S
work on war plans has been taken over
by Capt. George w. Outland, who comes
from duty at the Hawaiian ordnance
depot.
Two officers from the ammunition
division Of the manufacturing service,
Capt. Ebert L. Ford and Capt Charles
S. Reed, have been replaced. Capt.
Ford, who will become student of1cer
in the 1912 Army Industrial College
class, VIII De replaced IN the ammunl-
ton division by Capt. Merle H. Davis,
from the Industrial College, while Capt.
Reed will be replaced by Capt. John A.
Root, who has been on duty at Plea
tinny Arsenal, N. J.
From the technical staff, Mai. Arthur
w. Ford goes to the Industrial College,
and he has been replaced in the artil-
lery and automotive division by Mai.
Russell l.. Maxwell, who, in turn, has
been replaced in the ammunition d.
vision by Maj. Hermann H. Zornig. The
latter cfncer has just completed years
work In explosives chemistry and bal
hstics at the Technische Hochschule
in Berlin. Maj. Selby H Frank. q recent
graduate of the Command and General
STAFF School, has assumed charge Of the
maintenance division, field service, as
the relief Of Maj. James Kirk, who goes
to the course at the Air Corps Tactical
School
Maj. Sidney r. Spalding, who has
been on duty as chief Of the Ammuni-
ton Supply Division, mas gone to Aber-
deem Proving Ground, Nd, as chief
proof oflcer Of the Gun Testing Divi-
sion, Maj. Edward e. MacMoriand, his
assistant. has succeeded him as chief Of
the Ammunition Supply Division, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Navy Department as q member Of the
General Board Admiral Frank II.
Schofield, now In command Of the
Battle Force, win relieve Admiral Chase
as commander Of the United States
Fleet. Vice Admiral Richard ii. Leigh,
now In command Of the battleships Of
the Battle Force, win assume command
Of that force, while Rear Admiral Luke
McNamee, now in command of Battle
ship Division /, viii assume command
Of the battle ships of the Battle Force
Rear Admiral Joseph X. TauSSjg, on
duty as chief of stan to Admiral Scho-
field as commander Of the Battle Force,
win serve in the same capacity on his
star as commander In chief of the
United States Fleet. Rear Admiral Wat
r. Cluverius on duty as chief of staff
to Admiral Chase, win command Cruiser
Division of the Scouting Fleet which
now consists Of the u. s. s. Salt Lake
City, Chicago and Louisville, and 10
which there viii be added. as they are
completed and ready for service, the u
S. s. Indianapolis and Portland
Capt william w. Galbraith win be
detached from duty as naval attache at
London and viii proceed TO the United
States for transfer to the retired list of
the Navy on February !, 1882, upon his
own application after 80 years service.
Final engineering reports have been
received by the Navy Department for
all vessels Of the various classes, and
the department has announced the
winners Of the engineering trophies for
the competitive year ended June 80.
1891. as follows: Battleship class, u.
8. s. New York; light cruiser class, u.
8. S. Omaha; destroyer class, u. S. s.
John D. Ford; transport class. U. s. 8.
Sirius; tender class, u. s. S. Bridge
gunboat class, U. s. 8. Sacramento:
mine sweeper class, u. s. S. Heron, and
submarine class, u. s. 8. Sis.
The winners Of the greatest improve
ment prizes In engineering were as fol-
lows: Battleship class, U. s. S. New
York; light cruiser class, U. s. s. De-
troit; destroyer class, U. s. S. Preble
transport class, U. 8. s. Sirius; tender
class, U. s. s. Medusa; gunboat class.
U. s. s. Eagle No. IS; mine sweeper class
U. s. S. Cannot, and submarine class,
U. S. 8. S-37.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Commander in Chief Edward s. Matt
HAS announces the following as chair
men Of committees ct the National En-
csmpment at New Orleans September
to 10: Resolutions. Past Commander
in Chief E. J. Gihon; EnActments, Past
Commander In Chief Albert D. Alcorn;
Auditing. Junior Vice Commander In
Chief William A. Seddinger; Appeals
and Grievance, Past Commander in
Chief John w. Clarity; Credentials,
Adjutant General Charles r. Schaber,
Quartermaster General James J. Muir
ply, and Assistant Quartermaster Cen
eral. Harry B. Coulter.
A meeting of the National Council Of
Administration will be held September
6 at pm. at the Roosevelt Hotel, New
Orleans.
The registration ofncSwili open Sep
TENDER at 1890 aM in the audi
forum.
Harden Camp met August 6 with
Condr v. z. Watkins presiding. The
following applications for membership
were received: Lawrence F. Crooks and
David B. Edmonston. Capt Henry Will
liams was received by transfer and
Clarence @. FInAcom, w c. Flanery.
Edward F. Morrison. Charles p. Browne.
Joseph Enge and Isaac F. Dawson were
readmitted
The death Of Daniel @. Brose was
announced.
Astor Camp met August 8 and Condr.
Thomas F. Donovan presided. The fol-
lowing were mustered into the camp:
Simon Rohm, Company 3, 3rd wiscon-
sin Infantry; Joseph r. Smith, Com.
pany e, LIST United States Infantry.
and Michael OHare, Troop A, 9Th
United States Cavalry. The following
delegates and aiternates were elected to
the SSrd National Kncampment at New
Orleans: Delegates Thomas r. Dono-
van, Norman T. Bones, william Miles
and George A. Cooper. Alternates-
William Parkinson. James P. Malloy.
Joseph r. Smith and Patrick McGreevy.
Miles Auxiliary Drum and Buxle
Corps are considering plans for q carni-
val 70 be held at Wisconsin avenue and
Thirty-fourth street northwest. from
August "a to September 5, inclusive.
Arrangements and appointment Of
committees win be announced later by
Capt. Helen NJ Kennicutt. She re-
quests full attendance of All members
Of the Gen. Nelson A. Miles Association
ct the meeting August 20 at Central
High School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
"R0AD BUG" WINS TEST

PARIS (R1.-A gasoline consumption
OF IS miles TO the gallon was achieved
at q contest Of French automobiles here
recently.
The cost of gasoline and high taxes
still make small cars Of low horsepower
the most popular types in France.
Gasoline has decreased IS per cent In
two years. but the price is sttll 30
cents q gallon.
In the test the competing cars were
classed according to taxed horsepower,
and each vas given 10 htres, or asa
gallons of gasoline. A car rated at 1--WE
horsepower covered las miles on this
meager supply OF fuel, showing about
IS miles to the gallon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvts. Morgan 8. cassman and George
e. DeShazo.
The following have been ordered
transferred from the active to the Re-
serve Lists Of their respective commands
for the reasons stated:
Business interference with the per-
Torrance Of military duty: Pvt. (ftrst
class) Walter B. Leache, Battery e.
260th Coast Artillery; Pvt Jack @.
Steedmarl, also Of that command, and
Pvt. James T. Hudson, Company A,
372d Infantry.
Temporary removal from the District:
Pvts. Harry x. Schwartz and Harold G.
Wilson, both Of Battery 3, 2o0th Coast
Artillery.
Pvt (lrst class James z. Hall, Bat
terry E, 260th Coast Artillery, has been
ordered honorably discharged to permit
him to enlist in the United States Coast
Guard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
District National Guard

goth Division, have been ordered trans
ferred from the Reserve to the active
list of their companies.
Pvt John L. Taggart, Headquarters
Detachment, Special Troops, 2eth D1-
vision, has been ordered honorably dis-
charged on account Of removal from the
District.
The following Of the Headquarters
Detachment, 29th Division, have been
ordered transferred from the active to
the Reserve list on account Of business
interference with the performance OF
military duty.
STAFF Sergt. Marvin q. Coleman and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
KING GEORGE REMEMBERS

LONDON tE9.-Royal memories are
good
Fifty years ago, when q midshipman,
King George laid the corner stone Of
st. Thomas Church In Sydney. Aus
trails.
Now IN the church,s Jubilee year, he
has sent o MESSAGE az generalization
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
AMERICANS BOSS JOB

Odrece Italian Workmen in Mos
COW Building Project.
ROME tR.-Italian Drawn win help
American brains build apartment
houses in Moscow as q result Of labor
contracts recently signed with the
Soviet government.
A first group of 90 building trades
workers has already arrived IN Moscow
and more will leave italy soon. They
are to be used on construction work
under American engineers.
Their contracts result from o recent
visit by Italian bankers and industrial
experts, called to Moscow to give i'd
vice to Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
Army andNavy News

, Can't. Grafton 8. Kennedy, from Rari-
tan Arsenal, Is TO be Maj. MacMorland's
assistant. Maj. William e. Larned has
gone from the General Supply Division
to foreign service, and his place In that
division has been taken by Maj. Raphael
s. Chaven, who Is q recent graduate
Of the Harvard Business School. Mai.
Henry s. Aurand, who recently gradu-
ated from the Army War College, has
been assigned to duty in the Personnel
and Training Division.
Dissolution Of the Tank Board. which
has been located at Fort George G.
Meade, Nd, became effective yesterday,
and the activities and duties of this
board viii be absorbed by the Infantry
Board at Fort Benning, Ca. According
to present plans, part OF the motorized
euuipment of the 34th Infantry, which
has been stationed at Fort Eustis, Va,
will be sent to Fort Benning. Definite
decision has not been reached by the
War Department as to where the re-
naming units Of this regiment will be
sent.
Three Infantry officers who have been
engaged in tank activities at Fort Meade
and with the mechanical force at Fort
Eustis, Va, will go to Fort Benning.
Two of them-Majs. Serene e. Brett.
Infantry, who has been on duty as exec
utive oficer of the mechanical force at
Fort Eustis, and Jesse A. Iadd, Infantry,
who has been on duty with the Tank
Board at Fort Meade-have been relieved
Of these duties and thsy reported yester-
day at Fort Benning as members Of the
Infantry Board. The third officer
Capt. Llewellyn de w. Tharp, Infantry,
who has been on duty with tanks at
Fort Meade, Md.-will report Tor duty
at Fort Benning not later than Sep
TENDER 20 for duty as test oficer of the
Department of Experiment It is con-
templated that the mechanical force at
Fort Eustis vii become Cavalry regi-
ment.
Navy.
The Navy Department has issued
orders directing the changes In high
commands afloat that will take effect
about September IS, 1891, as follows
Admiral Jehu v. Chase, now in com
mand Of the United States Fleet, viii
4 =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The daily express trains between Lon
don and Hull and Newcastle probably
will be fitted with wireless for the use
Of the passengers, as the experiment OF
equipping the daily express train to
Leeds with telephones has proved popu-
lar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16
Spanish War Veterans
Meetings This Week.

Monday. Dewey Auxiliary,
Northeast Masonic Temple.
Wednesday. Urell Camp, Pythian
Temple. Urell Auxiliary, Pythian
Temple.
Thursday, Miles Auxiliary Drum
and Bugle Corps, Central High
School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Meeting This Week.
Wednesday, $50 p.m.-Geu.
Clarence r. Edwards Post, No.
2135, Room 2s2, House once
Building.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The following have been ordered
transferred from the Reserve to the
active lists Of their respective COM
mands: Pvt. Ulys 5. Rogers, Company
z, i2lst Engineers. and Pvt. Hugh B.
Enmons. Headquarters Detachment,
Special Troops 2gth Division.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt. Robert Z. West has been ordered
honorably discharged from Company F,
i2lst Engineers, he having completed
one year Of a three-year re-enlistment,
and having applied for the discharge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt. Eugene A. Ross, Ordnance De-
partment, has been ordered to the field
training camp at Virginia Beach, Va,
from August is to 80.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The following Of Company e, 12lst
Engineers, have been ordered transferred
from the active TO the Reserve list Of
that command on account Of business
interference with the performance OF
military duty: Pvts. william H. Addt-
son Marion =. Phillips. Francis 8. Key
and Arthur A. Tomeldeu.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

! Pvt. Henry L. Holt has been ordered
transferred from the reserve to the ac-
tive list OF the Headquarters Detach-
ment and Combat Train, 260th Coast
Artillery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

pvt. oscar d. Wood, r., Company B,
f2lst Engineers, has been ordered hon
orabIy discharged 70 accept appoint
ment as q cadet IN the United States
Coast Guard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Mai. Sidney Morgan, inspector gen.
eral, has been ordered to proceed to
Virginia Beach next Sunday, report
ling upon arrival to the commanding
general, 29th Division, and upon the
slatter's departure TO the commanding
officer, 12ist Engineers, for duty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The following Of Battery Q. 26oth
Coast Artillery, have been ordered trans
ferred from the active to the Reserve
list of that command on account Of
business interference with the perform
ance of military duty:
Pvts. Clifton N. Crumbaugh, Robert
w. Grlbb, Vincent G.. Lusby. William
M. Tlrnbull. and Thomas ]. Wood, jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt. John II. De witt has been or
sdered honorably discharged from Bat
terry C, 260th Coast Artillery, on his
own application.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt. Maurice L. Rogers, Company =.
i2ist Engineers, has been ordered trans
ferred TO the Headquarters Detachment
Special Troops, 29th Division.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt willard ]. Hill has been ordered
transferred from the Reserve 70 the
active list Of Company @, i2ist I'm
gineeIs.
pvN william r. Fisher. 2eth Division
xziIlfv Police Cpmpany, ana Pvt Guy
be. HeAddQaf1ff1 uetaeftnenk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Orders were issued by the local bril-
gade headquarters for the following
,ofhcers to proceed from Cascade, Md,
where they are encamped TO Virginia
Anton Stephan, Lieut.. Col. Peyton G.
hewitt, Mai Edward H. Grove, Maj.
Sidney Morgan and Capt. r. F. Berns-
dorff. Upon completion Of the duty
they were directed to return to Cas-
cade to continue their training.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Pvt. William M. Turnbull was or
dered transferred from the reserve to
the active list of Battery c, 260th Coast
ARTILLERY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

Sergt. John j. Tyner has been or
dered transferred from the reserve to
the active list Of Battery c. 260th Coast
Artillery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The following Of the 26oth Coast Ar
tiIlery have been ordered transferred
from the active to the reserve lists of
their respective commands on account
Z Of business interference with the per-
Torrance Of military duty:
Sergt. Charles T. Hall and Pvts. Fred
IT, Goode and Melvin T. Parent Of
Battery E, Pvt George f. Kyle of Bat
terry A, Pvt. william T. Barwick of
Battery B. Pvts. Clarence L. Lusby,
Ivan M. Koontz and william McQuarry
of the Headquarters Detachment and
Combat Train, and Pvt. Thomas A. St.
Clair of Battery B.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The q. 8. s. Jacob Jones Post, No. 2,
held its regular monthly meeting at the
Thomas Circle Club last Monday eve
ming. Conadr, Helen L. Spragtie gave
report on the department convention,
which had Just closed its thirteenth
session. Kate X. Briggs. representative
OF the post on the Department Resolu-
lions Committee, also gave her report.
The trophy awarded by the Depart
n1ent OF the District OF Columbia for
outstanding AlneTicanisn work, which
has now become the permanent prop
erty Of this post, after having been won
By the post for three successive years,
ives on display throughout the evening.
q vas also the honor certsncnhe award
ed ~ national headauarterx n - nnEf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-16

The following have been ordered
transferred from the active 70 the Re
serve list OF their respective commands
for the reasons stated: -, -,
Pvt Elmer w. Holland IT.. zssn Divl-
sion Military Police Company, ~ ~.
count al business interference with the
performance Of military duty, PW.
CHARLES 3. Jackson. Company a. sTSd
infantry. on account Of temporary re-
n,ovai from the District.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-13
STOCKS ARE LOWER
ON LIGHT TURNOVER
Market Hardens After Furry
of Selling on News
From Germany.
BY GEORGE T. HUGHES.
ciaI Dispatch TO The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, July 13.-Prices for
stocks were lower throughout all Of to-
days exchange session, but they were
lowest in the first hour. The later trad
ing was at levels substantially above the
worst. All in all the market made a
surprisingly good showing.
Presumably there was banking sup
port. Certainly there was no bear raid
ing. This activity seemed to have been
suspended, lest there should be IN adj
monition from Washington similar TO
that extended to traders in wheat.
The market waited all day for some
definite news from abroad to the effect
that Germany would receive the assist
ance she so desperately snceded, but it
waited in vain. AS far as Wall Street
was concerned the situation was as
much involved at 5 o'clock in the aft
ernoon as II had been at 10 o'clock in
the morning.
The heavy selling at the opening was
the natural result of the cable dis
patches telling of the German banking
crisis and of the efforts, fruitless up
to that time. to obtain international
help. In conservative quarters on this
German collapse would retard business
recovery in the United States at least
year No attempt was made to
minimize the serious character of the
situation,
Considering the uncertainties with
which 1t was faced. the market did not
give an unfavorable account of itself.
Among the larger losses was one of
3l2 points in United States steel, one
OF over points in Auburn Auto. and
between and S points in Atchison
and between 2 and points in Amer
lean Telephone. First sales were gen.
orally at the lows of the morning.
Thereafter rallying tendencies appear
ed. not enough to cancel all the early
loss, but enough to indicate that there
was to be no unconsidered liquidation,
The market showed plainly that it was
willing TO act on the news, but not to
anticipate 1t.
For one thing there was almost no
short selling. THE bear faction. fearful
Of sudden turn for the better inter-
nationally. was too timid to make
fresh commitments for the decline.
Holders of stocks are no longer forced
to sell on any minor recessions and
both sides stood aside. with trading
coming almost TO standstill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-13

Nearly half of the 10000 Americans
at present residing in Shanghai, China,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-13
Cleaned in Financial District.

George L. Starkey, president oil the
National Bank Of Washington, was back
ct his desk today after several days
uassed at Virginia Beach and other
places around Norfolk.
WORD has been received here that
Claude II. Woodward president of the
Mount Vernon Savings Bank, is having
a delightful vacation 1T Old Orchard
Beach. ii Maine. Mr. Woodward Is
one of this resorts most regular visitors.
l. J. Roberts, one Of the assistant
cashiers OF the Riggs National Eank, is
taking his vacation, having gone to a
resort in West Virginia.
Local stockholders will receive the
regular quarterly dividend of S2.25 II
share from the American Telephone q
Telegraph Co. on July Is.
Acting Secretary Mills today an
pounced another s5o,OOo,ooQ issue Of
so-oay Treasury bills.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-07-13
GERMAN MARK PRICES
ARE HIGHLY IRREGULAR
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, July 13.-Foreign ex-
change traders here we're deluged with
requests for quotations on German
marks today. Figures ranging all the
way from 10 to % cents were heard,
but the bigger banks said very little
business was being done at either of
these levels and were inclined to give
out nominal quotations of 22hz cents,
which compares with 1850 cents at
the Saturday closing here. No trans
actions, however, were being carried
out at any of these levels. Earlier in
London, mark cables were quoted as
low as 81 cents. the record low price
for the Reichsmark. but later there
were bids of % cents. Sterling and
Swiss francs also were lower here at
the opening. though Belgian francs were
a trif1e higher