The Washington times., 1931-10-14

OOUJeC TGpuOLSC.
BY RAYMOND p. BRANDT
Copyright by st. Louis POst-D'spatc
and Distributes by Central Press.
The United States, which 8
years ago was the richest young
country Just as Russia is th'
richest young" country today
was developed by private ex
ploitation.
The Soviet leaders, while will
ing to learn from American tech
nical development, believe tina
they can avoid what they thinl
are injustices in the American
system.
They have no intention Of per
mitting to exist a Russian grouI
comparable to the GouldS, th'
Harrimans, the Hills, the Rocke
fellers, the MorganS, the Mel
Ions and the insults.
They believe in conserving th'
Surplus value" produced by thu
workers for the workers benefit
What is this controlled "Sur
plus value" which is expected tx
furnish the means Of transform
ing Russia from a backward
into an advanced country
Bruce Hopper. Of Harvard anC
Oxford, in his excellent book
"Pan-Sovietism," gives the best
definition the writer has seen.
The MARKHAM Theory
MARX tried. to prove, he
says, "that the prOletariat Gre
ates all the commodities and
values, whereas the capitalists
live on the surplus value they
have stolen from the creators
Of value.
"SurpIus value is the differ
ence in value between what the
labOrers create and what they
receive as wages. As an ex-
ample, let us say q labOrer can
produce in four hours the neces-
sarieS for himself and his
family, expressed in the form
Of So.
'If he worked four hours a
day for So there would be no
surplus value. But in buying
labor power the capitaliStiC en-
plOyer treats 1t as any other
commodity and makes the
labOrer work 8, 10 or more
hours a day.
"The theory is that during
the four hours the IabOrer is
putting in necessary labor
time enough for . subsistence
wage. During the rest Of the
time he is putting in surplus
labor time creating surplus
value for the employer. He
creates all told, say Sc or So,
but he receives only So. The
rest is the employers gross
profit, divided into rent, inter-
est and net profit"
The Russian leaders, following
their prophet, Karl Marx, believe
that politics are concentrated eco
nomics. The political state coin
cides with the economic state.
Marx left a legacy in his writ
ings on scientific socialism, and
his plans, formulated more than
so years ago, are being adjusted
to present-day Russian conditions
Russian leaders finally have ad
mitted that the form of govern
ment they are forcing on the peo
pie is not communism.
They say they are ''buildine
socialism" as the transitional
stage toward communism and are
vague as to when they will start
building" pure communism. TC
the outside observer the present
system resembles state capitalism
more than anything else. The
state, by taking the surplus
value" is exploiting the people foI
the benefit Of the state with the
explanation stated above.
Checked by Stain
Pure, 100 per cent communism
was tried in Russia between 1917,
just after the revolution, anC
1921 when Lenin was compelled
by the peasants to announce the
new e, aomic policy, which re.
stored small private trading.
The new economic policy, or
NEP, as it is called, continued
@anti1 1OC7 90 vx,1Nav4 n ,na~r, eonio1
istic offensive was launched By
the government and was followed
by the present 5.year plan.
This collectiviSt and leveline
movement reached it's height in
the winter 1929-30 and was
checked by Stalin'S dizziness
with success admonition in
March, 1890.
Since the admonition there has
been a decided shifting to the
right which could no longer be
concealed when Stain in July
this year made public his famous
speech before a conference Of So
Wet industrial managers.
Called "Zig-Zags"
These deviations from the pure
doctrines Of Marx are called zig
zagS" by the communiStic press
which insists that the shifts are
merely temporary compromises
with exigencieS. not with princi
Piles, and declares that the ulti
mate goal has not been changed
Under Lenin, the departure
from pure Marxism was called
Leninism. and under Stain it il
called StaliniSm. although Stain
himself prefers to call it creative
MarxiSm."
Thn nnYt dickaknr of Russia