davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
$500 Yards Csc
Percale Prints
18c

Such savinss should bring hundreds Of thrft-wise
mothers down to get these fire percaes for school rocks
aprons and house ocks Neat designs and large spashy
efects-36 inches wide and guaranteed color fast.
THIRD FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
&c to $1.89

(14) Imported SIip-Over Sweat
erS, silk and wool novelty weaves.
Originally $5.05. Fri 60 OF
day only ............ %&'~
III Prs Tweed Knockers and
Riding Brooches. Originally
$2.95 to S5.95. Friday G. OF
only ................ %4'O
10 Flannel Jumpers in bright
red, green and navy 60 90
Were $3.95. Friday. %N'N~
~ Oxford Riding Coat, size
Is. Originally $500. co IA
Friday only. ....... %0s
SECOND FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
Big SqUings for
Little Tots!

a. Corduroy Leggin Sets, sizes
2 to 6. Were $40. &C or
Friday only. ......... 3O.0O
QD Jersey and Velvet Dresses,
sizes 8 to 6. Were @2 OF
s5.95. Friday only. j.. @Os0O
a prs.) Suede Leggins. Were
1895 and $4.95. Fri GO Or
day only. ..........., @EsSO
TO prs.) Infants Mittens.
Were SOC to 79c. Friday 40.
only O~S
u3) Infants Sweaters. 90.
Were $3.50. Friday only, OOC
tl9) TOddlers' Dimity Dresses,
sizes Sz.S.l to D,; ,; Were 50. $1.59
(5) Infants Handmade and
Embroidered G ertrud Is. GO
Were $3.50. Friday only. @G
tl6) Infants Ribbon Trimmed
KimOnOs. Were 79c to TO-
81. Friday only. ....... OOS
C65 prs.) Silk and Wool Hose,
sizes and 5. Were 7ec. 70.
Friday only. ......... OOC
1901 Silk and Wool shirts. Ct
Were $3.50. Friday only. @4
~ Taffeta Party Frocks, sizes
4 and 5. Were 1925. &c or
FRIDAY only. @OsOO
FOURTH FLOOR.
Housewares at Typical
Friday Savings
1877 Closet Bowl Cleaner and
Soap Dishes, were Csc IN
and Csc. Friday only. :. 1VC
(6) Shoe Racks, were 0n
csc. Friday only. ... EOC
QO) Opal Towel Bars, On
originally $1.69. Friday. O0C
I'D FabricOid Lunch Sets,
Towel Bars, TOasters; originally
SIPS and $l.s5. Friday CO.
(5) Bathtub seats, 10
originally $225. Friday SOC
(lS) FabricOid Lunch Sets,
originally $2.4e. Friday 90
only ................. Wv
az Hampers and Scales; orig
inally $3.50 and $3.50. 81 OK
Friday only $1,000. %A'OO
~ Hamper, origi- 90 90
nally $5.75. Friday only %Z'O0
% Pearltex-TOp Bath Stool,
originally $3.50. Fri- %0 or
day only. ...s.. %&'OO
SIXTH FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
WOmen's and Misses
Hnndhnra at Snrinna

~NsVSS8o VI ONsVEE1B8s
(1O7) Leather and Suede Bags,
black and brown; were Ct
$1.39. Friday only. -
tS4) Children's Bags, En
were soc. Friday only. =. JUG
STREET FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
Don't Miss These

FtOOr L Coverings!
(45) Saseda Silk Chenille Rugs,
24x36 and 27x54; were $5.95 and
$9.95. Friday only
$3.50 and $6.75
a. wilton Rug. Royal Victor;
4 4siCsS WA was s27'SO' $14.5O
(2) Brussels Rugs, e.3xlO.6;
Persian or floral de-
sign; were $55. Fri 600 IN
day only .......... %S~sOV
(2) Rugs, wilton and Axmin-
ster; 27x54; 36x63; were $7.95
and s oS,r $2-$3.75
(s2S yds.) Velvet Stair Carpet,
81 in. wide; green and black;
was, was ss'2S yd' Friday S1.6O
(2) Wool Hooked Rugs, 24x4s:
were $l7.5O. Friday &C
$50 50. yds.) FeIE-base REM
nants, az to 5 50. I'd. pieces,
were ACC and soc 50. I'd. Do
Friday only, 50. yd.. -. 6VS
$50 50. yds.) Inlaid LinOIeum
Remnants, "a to 50. yds.; were
$3.50 to $2.25 50. I'd. FRI 90
day only, 50. I'd. ........ &OC
(1O7) Coco Mats, 18x30; dou-
bic brush; were $2.75. c. O.
Friday only ......... %4sOO
a. FeIt-base Rugs, damaged;
exc, 9x12 and 7.6x9; were $3.50
and $I0.75. Friday 60 or
only ................
FIFTH ETnnR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
20 Junior Miss Frocks
E .z:s; s3.s5

A lot Of unusually smart frocks-with chic
peplums, youthful boleros, interesting sleeves and
necklines. OF satin and canton crepe-in black,
green, brown and blue Sizes Is to 10.
12) Jr Misses FrOcks, and two piece models of
jersey wooden fabrcswith crisp pique collars
cuffs Black, green, brown and blue. Originally 60 OF
1895. Friday only. ........................ ~@"~~
SECOND FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
Special! Plain and
Printed Flat Crepe
Csc va.

magnificent collection of smart silks! Firm,
lustrous fat crepe in so lovely colOrs including the
newest! And heavy printed fiat crepes in gay 1891
designs on black, navy, red green and brown back
grounds. Indeed-this is the time to add q few
bright dresses to your drab Winter wardrobe!
Every yard carries a substantial saving!
THIRD FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
628 Pairs Chiffon and
Service-Weight Silk Hose
79c
Ribbon Remnants, 10c

Ribbon Remnants, 19c
Taffetas, moires, metal cloth
and novelty two-tone grosgrain
ribbons, to 2 yards long.
STREET FLOOR
A Good Time to S0Ue
on Linens
ga yds.) COIored Table Dam
ask, So in. wide; rose only;
originally sec yard. Fri 90
day only, yard. ......... OOS
(15O yds.) Checked Linen
TOweling; was 34c yard. 10
Friday only, yard. ...... 4OC
(12) Linen Damask Cloths,
AKA; were &c. Friday 40.
oLlIy ...........
(16) Linen Crash Luncheon
Cloths; colored borders; 52x68;
were $1.33. Friday or
only ................
(50) Linen Huck Tow On
els; were soc. Friday only G0O
THIRD FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08

(l36 Prs.) WOmen's Novelty
Fabric Gloves, broken style and
color ranges. Mostly small sizes.
Originally 79c. Friday 90
only ................
(35 Prs.) Grey Gloves, all wool
fleece lined. Originally $500 and
$500 pair. Friday only, 60 or
pair ....'.s
90 Prs.) Children's wool
Gloves. Originally Use. A0r
Friday only .........
(I3 Prs.) Lined Mittens. Orig
inally $1.00. Friday CO.
only
(6 Prs.) Boys Lined Gloves.
Orig Originally si.OO. Friday CSC
STREET FLOOR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08

FtOOr L Coverings!
(45) Saseda Silk Chenille Rugs,
24x36 and 27x54; were $5.95 and
$685.. Friday only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-08
Short Lots of Bras
sieres and GirdIea

(50) COrsetIettes, Girdles and
BraSSieres, many styles and
lengths. Were soc to $3.50. Fri
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
MAKES STATEMENT ON MATRIMONIAL VOWS

VATICAN CITY, Jan. g. R)- Birth control, trial marriage and divorce were condemned in an En- cyclical made public by Pope Plus xI, req ffirming the doctrine of the sanctivity of the matrimonial VOWS.
 This is the first expression of the Holy Seer on this subject in fifty years. The above statement was contained in document consisting of sixteen thousand words.
 He said those practicing birth control are guilty of most grave crime.'' He said Modem women owe obediance to their husbands but not to the extent of sacrificing their honor or to the point of obeying un- reasonable requests" He con demned the exaggerated physiol- ogical executions. The Pope did not specifically mention sex edu- cation but otherwise said that no human hand had the right to inn pair Or destroy the general func- tions of the body. "I advise the persons to whom sterilization is applicable, no to marry" he stat ed.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
SPEAKS TRUTH NOT WORK

WASHINGTON. Jan. 10, (Py- Chairman Woods of the Hoover unem ployment committee estimated before the Senate Appropriations Committee. that between f, UT and five million persons were classed in, the unemployment lists, and further gave utterance that unem- ployment had been increasing stead lily and didn't believe the situa- tion would improve at least be- fore Spring.
 There is too much of it, and it doesn't speak well for industry. There has been feeling in this country that periods of depression are inevitable and they shouldn't be regarded as serious. he said
 He said that he believed the lowest period of depression would be shown in February, and a spec ial census in the middle of the month should show things at their worst now, with the promise of a decrease from then on. He said he hoped the emergency committee would soon be able to set the mach cry in motion toward providing jobs.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
CAPT J0CH|MSEN
 DIES IN NEW YORK

he reached Wraugell Island. late in the season to save seven men and women and two children from star vation and the clements. after other vessels had failed.
 The "Karluk" was the flagship of a fleet of three vessels in vil- hjamar Stefansson's Canadian-Arc- tic Expedition in 1914. The vessel was explained by Captain Bob Bartlett, now of the "Morrissey" chartered by the National Geograph ic Society for several cruises to the Arctic and Greenland section of the globe. The Karluk was in the ice and later crush ed. all of the persons aboard es- caping with much provisions. Cap tain Jochimsen was not commis- stoned to rescue the party from Wrangeu Island where they had made their way over the ice: he did it voluntarily.
 Joc!himsen in hate years was ice-pilot on the Sanuk a year ago, and Captain of the Karise last summer. Late last summer, Pilot Dorbandt of the Pacific Inter- national Airways made flight from Nome into the Arctic. in the vicinity of Cape Wankarem and brought Jochimsen to Nome Lat CT he was taken outside aboard steamer
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
MAY HAVE ARMY AND
 NAVY PLANES ALASKA

WASHINGTON. Jan. 10. (P- Alaska was pictured as dominant strategic ponit the Pacific area for military purposes on a special map published by the Pacific Yuk- on Highway Commission. E. w. Sawyer, a member of the commits sion pointed out today.
 steamship travel from San Fran cisco to Manila would be shorter by four hundred miles if the route were via Seward instead of Homo lulu. The distance via Hawaii Saw yer said was seventy seven hundred miles and by way of Seward it was seventy three hundred.
 He recomm ended that Seward be made coaling station supplied by the Alaska Railroad
 A tentative route of the propos- CT two thousand mile Pacific High way was shown on the map with a Great Circle projection instead of the ordinary projection. Sawyer in explaining the map said it brot out the dominant position of AL aska for military purposes, and said he hoped aviation squadrons of the army and navy would be established at Fairbanks and Sew ard.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
ALASKA RAILROAD
 QUESTION AGAIN

WASHINGTON. Jan. 10, [P)- Public reason in Alaska will un- quostionably be adverse to any further increase in freight rates on the Alaska Railroad, Southward said. referring to the Senate Com mittee recC CmmendatiOn. He said "I have given the subject Of rates considerable thought and it is my opinion, because the public bene- fits by conferred rates, that they should be somewhat lower than on commercial roads. The report gave many reasons why there was an annual deficit, climatic conditions. slarcity of population and numerous others, and that is no reason why they should attack the rates on he road"
 WASHINGTON, Jan. 10. (P, In support of the conclusion that the Alaska Railroad was inenl- ciently managed. the special sen ate committee said that no suits would be brought to collect the two hundred and fifty eight thous- and dollars in unpaid bills and the additional sixty-six thousand dollars due the railroad hospital.
 The committee said the rates were inadequate and were two to four hundred percent higher on
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10

NEW YORK, Jan. g, (R)-Acton P. Jochimsen rescuer of the kar- luk survivors in the Arctic Ocean in 1914, died in the naval hospi- tai here today. He was native of Denmark.
 As captain of the King and Winge' and fur buyer for the Sven son Fur Trading Company. he came to be known as the most skillful Arctic pilot. The Karluk rescue brought him world renown. when he saved seven men and wo- men and two chiidren from utter starvation. after two other vessels had failed to get thru the ice barriers to Wrangel Island where they were marooned.
 NEW YORK, Jan. 8. (R-(Sec- ond Nite) Captain Jochimsen whose skill as an ice pilot in 1914 brought rescue to the starving sur vivors of the ill fated "Kairuk", at Wrangel Island, today died of partial paralysis in the Brooklyn Naval hospital.
 AS skipper of the King and Winge". he meandered thru the Arctic ice-foes and along the Sib- erian and Alaskan coasts trading for furs with the Eskimos.
 He won renown for his progress through the treacherous ice when
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10

small notice mentioned above, no statement was absolutely made re garding the necessity of consti tutional convention, but merely states Gas Congress may determine"
 At any rate, the case will undoubt edly be very interesting and we will await the verdict impatiently Already throughout town many arguments have taken place about this subject, which can only be satisfied with the handing down of the decision of the jurists of the Supreme Court.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
WILL CHARGE LEO BROTHERS
 WITH MURDER

CHICAGO, Jan, 10, (P)-De- tectives said they captured two intimate associates of Leo Brothers when they raided his apartment last night United States Attorney said he would file murder charges against him for the murder of Jake Lingle, reporter for the "Tri- bune". He has been identified by nine persons as the man who shot Lingle.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
POPE PLUS MAKES OFFICIAL STATEMENT
EDITORIAL
WAS THE JUDGE RIGHT?

According to Judge William Clark of New Jersey the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America, is invalid, not having been properly ratified by the respective states of the nation,
 So astounding was his decision. handed down in the case of man on trial for transporting liquor, that i: immediately drew the at tention of the Federal Government. A test case has been arranged for the U. s. Supreme Court and will be heard next Monday. Jan. 18th. Judge Clarke declared that no arrests would be made con corning the eighteenth amendment in his district of New Jersey. until he was either proven right or wrong. Attorneys presented the case to him regarding William Spragg "Hu Hua iHuiCltu ioi tiaHSPOi'" tion of liquor, following severa! months of arduous labor and re- search. The Nugget has receiv- ed several telegraphic dispatches within the last two weeks relative to this decision
 So important was the test case for the Supreme Court. that Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes post poned several other cases pend ing for that date. in order to hear this one. He also declined to post pone hearing on this case until the middle of April. preferriug to have if come up immediately Should any decision be reached by tho judges of the Supreme Court with in a month, it will evidently mean much turnout the entire country In the event that Judge Clark is proven right in his contention of invalidity of adoption, it is hard telling what the next move toward federal control of prohibition or the lack of it, will be.
 Amendments to the constitution of the United States may be pro posed by majority of two thirds a convention summoned by Congress on the application of the legisla- lures of two thirds of the States, and enacted by their ratification by the legislatures of three fonrths of the states. or by conventions in of them, as Congress may determine" An excerpt from the Century Dictionary and Cy- clopedia, Vol. I. under the head ing. Amendments
 Judge Clark contended that the adoption of the Eighteenth Amend ment was invalid because in order for the Federal Government ito take upon itself, powers especially dele gated to the States a Constitution al convention was necessary to ratify any such amendment taking away those powers, and vesting them in the scope of the Federal Government"
 It is impossible for any laymen to argue such a decision without delving deep into Constitution law
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
LYNN SMITH NOMINATION IS CONFIRMED BY SENATE

WASHINGTON, Jan. 10. (P)- The Senate, Friday confirmed the nomination of Lynn Smith as U. s. Marshal for the Fourth Division Of Alaska.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10

EAGLE SOCIAL JAN 17.
 Nome Aerie No. 75, Fraternai Order of Eagles. will give their second social of the card series, Saturday,, Jan. 17th. L. -..
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10
WAR DEPT. AUTHORIZES
 SURVEYS

WASHINGTON, Jan. 10, R- The War Department today author ized the surveys of Wrangell Har- bor, Alaska.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10

two other Alaska roads. They said the government road has not even paid it's operating expenses nor capital expenditures. nor interest charges since 1916. The total de- dcit since then amounts to eleven million dollars.
 Senator Copeland expressed sur prise that Senator Howell. chatr- man of the special senate investi- sating committee as an advocate of government operation should recommend increased rates because of inefficdency.
The Nome nugget., 1931-01-10

WASHINGTON. Jan. 10, (P,- Sutherland agrees in part with the report of the Senate committee on the Alaska Railroad, II can't say I sympathize with the radical meas ures proposed. although there is some room for correction. Some rates such as on Ignite coal into Fairbanks fixed by former railroad management is ridiculously low. Passenger rates are less important but I should think they could be raised the extent proposed. I do believe however. that such items as mining machinery and livestock. for farmers should remain un- changed
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
New Anti-lmperialist
Magazine Is Issued;
Has Special Features

NEW YORK.-The first issue Of
the Anti-Imperialist Review has ar
rived in this country, the organ of
the League Against Imperialism,
printed in English, It contains an
article by Maxim Corr on THE I'm
perialist Sharks and Their Compan-
IONS" and greeting by Henri Bar
busse, President of the League
Against Imperialism. The results of
the session of the International
Executive Committee of the League,
held June 1-3, 1881, are summarized
in an article, showing not only the
transition Of the National bourgeoisie
from revolution to counter-revolution
but also the organizational methods
taken to strengthen the Executive
Committee.
This magazine (September-O October
issue, 81 pages, price is cents should
be read by every worker. by every
fighter for national independence of
the colonial and seni-colonial peoples,
by every true anti-irperialist. Get
your copy from the Anti Tnperialist
League, 100 Broadway, R. 535.
Subscriptions-for one year e is
sues one dollar, through the United
States Section of the League Against
Imperialism, the Anti Imperiali9t
League Of the United States at 799
Broadway, r. 535. Subscribe today.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
FURRIERS MASS
SCORE KAUFMAN
Mass Meeting Assails
The Injunction

NEW YORK.-ThouSand of fur
workers gathered at 29th st. and
Seventh Ave. at noon hour yesterday
to protest against the injunction
taken out by the company union
agent, Kaufman, against the Indus
trial Union. Ben Gold, secretary Of
the union, speaking Of the injunc-
ton. quoted Kaufman's statements
which show him to be an open agent
proVocateur.
The workers enthusiastically sup
ported the Industrial Union.
Dogskin Workers to Meet.
Today, at o'clock, a membership
meeting OF the dogskin workers will
be held at the office of the Industrial
Union, 131 W28th st. At this meet
ing the executive committee will re-
port on all activities since the last
strike, the rolicy of the union toward
the expiration of the agreement, and
all other problems relating to the
building of the union among the
dogslzin workers.
Due to the unemployment situa-
ton, the meeting has been arranged
for o'clock. All dogskin workers
are called upon to come.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
BREAD PICKETS
CARRY BANNERS
Ten Arrested Win Case
In Court

NEW YORK.-The Coney Island
bread strike brought out mass pick
cts, with signs, yesterday morning.
Picketing will go on until reduc-
ton in the price of bread is OBJ
tanned. The United Councils OF
Working Women and the Coney
Island Rank and File Committee call
for all to assist in this fight by COM
ing on the picket line at pm. all
along Mermaid Ave.
Yesterday ten women pickets who
were arrested last Thursday came up
before Magistrate Hughes, seven
charged with disorderly conduct and
three with assault.
The Bakers Association brought
two lawyers and battery Of wit
nesses against the pickets, but after
these witnesses had contradicted and
made fools of themselves the judge
had to throw the case out of court
and release all the p-2lze5. AS they
were going out, he ADVISED them to
bake their own biscuits at home and
not have any troub,9. Neiohev the
pickets ror the bosses we're much in
favor of this.
The piokets were greeted outs,d-
by 300 women and all -wc2-15S . -Iec-
maid Ave, demonstrating t,,rccgh
the entire street. The $50 gees on.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
Workers, Come to the Coliseum
Sunday, January 3, to Greet
Sth Anniversary of Your Paper

The Eighth Anniversary of
the Daily Worker, which will
be marked by monster cele-
bration on Sunday, January 8,
st 2 p. m, at the Bronx Coils
cum, will mark eight years of
struggle to keep going a paper
that is written by workers and
for workers. All workers have
a personal interest in attending
the eighth anniversary celebra-
ton at the Coliseum. They
have a personal interest not
only in what their paper has
so far accomplished in its fight
to get the truth to the workers,
but in what the paper will do
in the future, now that the
revolutionary struggle is Wild
ening because of the spread of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
M'Donald Prepares Bloodbath
for Indian Workers, Peasants

NEW YORK.-The National gov
eminent OF Great Britain, headed by
the socialist" Macdonald. has viz
tuslly declared war on the Indian
masses. A trial Of blood from Bonn
bay 70 Bengal, with hordes of British
troops suppressing the Indian masses
which Ramsay Macdonald, when
premier in the Labor government,
said would be necessary to repeu the
Indian revolution, is now being pre-
pared by the British master class
With the support Of the so-called
opposition" in arliament. the Brit
fsh labor party.
--latest cable reports from London
and Calcutta state that Indian work
srs and peasants can now be SEN
fenced to death by secret tribunals
without public trial, or without trial
at all. Provisions have been made
for setting up special courts, headed
by FritiSh imperialists, which have
the power of life and death over any
prisoner brought befoer them. The
highest crime is fighting against
British imperialism,
The purpose of the secret trials, as
announced by the British Viceroy,
Earl Wilmington, is to make impos-
sible mas demonstrations such as
q tstYndnd the triaIc of Indian r-evo111-
tionists in Meerut, Delhi and Lahore.
Besides, these courts are given au-
thority to levy heavy take sand PEN
alties on entire peasant villages if
they infringe the orders of their
British masters. Drastic rules are
set up for the control of traffic" in
order to make demonstrations of the
masses difficult. Anybody having a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-12-08
DEMONSTRATE IN
FOR
MARCH DEMANDS
Bread. Silk Pickets De
mand Cons Withdraw;
City Give Relief

NEW YORK,-Hundreds OF work.
ers and UNEMPLOYED workers gath
cred before BROOKLYN Borough Hall
yesterday demonstrating their soil
darity with the demands Of the Ma
tional Hunger Marchers then de-
manding entrance into the Capitol
building in Washington.
They also placed demands with the
BROOKLYN Borough administration for
unemployment relief riaht here, and
had list of cases of UNEMPLOYED
workers families who are actually
starving.
Speakers we're strikers from the
Merhige Silk mills, and the Coney
Island Bread strike. The crowd
Joined the speakers unanimously in
demanding that Borough President
Hesterberg withdraw the police from
these picket lines and that the city
feed the unemployed.
The crowd pledged to help picket
these two strikes in spite Of police.
Speakers from the Councils of the
Uneinp Dyed and re strike area, were
supported by Carl Hackert speaking
for the Interno tiInal Labor Defense
and by E. Welsh OF the League Of
Struggle for Negro Flights.
An Indoor meeting was held a. $50
Hick o., headquarters of the Jnam-
ployca Council branch, and many
joined the council.