Evening star., 1931-12-25
Charge of Broken Pledge
Used to Continue Operations
Despite Protests.
AIR RAID ON RAILWAY
BY JAPANESE REPORTED
Soldiers Trying to Force Passage
to West Side of Liao at Two
Points at Least.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN,

Inc "caution:ng" Of Japan by thu
governments of the United States, Grea
Britain and France is considered b,
TOXIC as a mere formality. Reliable
reports from the Japanese capital in.
oicate the government Is determined
to proceed with the cleaning up" op.
erations in Manchuria regardless as tc
what the other nations think or say
The Japanese government charge thu
new operations against Chinchow have
been forced upon the general staff BY
the fact that the Chinese have not kept
their pledge to evacuate Chinchow.
What happened is this. During the
tense weeks Of the negotiations at Paris
the powers were anxious to reach q
settlement to save the prestige Of the
League OF Nations. Gen. Dawes, it i.
reported, managed to convince the
Chinese delegate it would be advanta-
geous to all concerned if the Chinese
agreed to withdraw their troops from,
ChlnchoWt behind the Chinese wall.
Supported by BRAND.
The American observer had the
Wholehearted support of M BRAND,
who in turn offered the services Of the
French Ambassador at Toxic to bring
about such an agreement. Wellington
koo, the then Chinese foreign minister
agreed to the evacuation Of Chinchoy
on condition that the civil government
should remain in the hands of the
Chinese. On the basis of that agree
ment the japanese government pledged
itself to refrain from further military
activities; of course the japanese are
cautious people, they suspected that
the Chinese may not keep their pledge
and made their acceptance not to use
force in Manchuria subject to opera
tions against brigands."
Wellington Koo and the entire Nan
King administration resigned this week
The japanese saw in that a trick to
enable the Chinese to break the un-
official pledge they had given in Paris
and IN Toxic.
The temper of the japanese general
staff is very short. For weeks they had
been urging the government to stop
olcKerlng and go ahead and proceed to
the expulsion of all Chinese troops and
oNHeAAASSS oAASAd1o llUIH N1dICNuTld
Inc government was anxious however
to perform this operation under the
diplomatic cloak of legality. 1t has
1ound now the excuse: The Chinese
have broken their pledge and have
brought upon themselves the action OF
the japanese army.
Disavow Pact Violations.
consequently the japanese feel they
nave now perfect right to occupy the
rest OF Manchuria and do not think any
OF the outside power has anything Ia
say about it.
The Japanese consider that region is
their special zone and no other nation
has right to interfere The japanese
government maintains that neither the
Kellogg pact nor the nine power pact
mas been in any way infringed by the
action of the japanese army.
This remarkable point of view is ex-
piained as follows: The Kellogg pact
provides that no nation shall resort to
war for the settlement of a dispute with
another nation. The japanese maintain
that what they are doing in Manchuria
is merely police operation and cannot
be considered as an act of war against
China. AS soon as the Chinese troops
Aih'S bcCh tiCdlcu OuG VI lIldJ JSTTltOry
where Japan has vital interests, there
Will be no further action against the
Chinese.
The nine-power pact, the Japanese
maintain, has not been violated. That
treaty guarantees the territorial integ-
rity of the countries which have signed
it. The japanese claim that they dc
not intend to officially annex Man.
churia. All they intend to do is to set
up Chinese government more friendly
to Japan than that of Marshal Chang.
Consequently, if the Kellogg pact and
the nine-power pact have not been vio-
lated, what business have foreign powers
to intervene in a matter which con-
Germs Japan and China alone-a matter
of police operations against brigands
and interior organization of territory
Continued on Page Column A.