davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19

ment are no good, says Mr.. Smith, but
the red beaconS in the windows are
clearly visible up to 1000 or 5000 feet
land 1t is not necessary to see them at
any higher altitude"
In a letter 20 Clarence M. Young.
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
Aeronautics, Pilot Smith requests that.
critics to the contrary notwithstanding
the warning lights be retained.
Smith voiced the opinion that in
some cases at Washington-H Hoover Air
port the Department Of Commerce reg
ulations requiring planes to circle q
field before landing constitute hazard
which might be eliminated by special
ruling permitting landings directly into
the wind without circling. STch land
ings should be permitted, he believes,
when the transport planes have a head
wind on approaching the field.
Under the present regulations, Smith
said. pilots coming in against head
wind are forced to circle a full $50 de-
Qrees coming back to their original
point of approach. During the whole
circuit of the field the plane Is banked
in a continuous turn.
Then about the next thing that
happens" he wrote Mr.. Young, rs
when we come out OF the turn toward
the runway and ind another plane al
most under our left wing. This has
happened several times, and I don't
think it would happen If We could go
right on into the field from our first
approach" :,
pilots, of the rule requiring pilots to
look over a field and make certain there
are no other planes in the way before
| landing.
TT Should be necessary to circle TO
the left as much as 27O degrees, ne
said. in order to get into the wind,
but I can't see why it Is necessary to
add the hazard of the other 30 degrees
when we have already had good view
Of the field"
Night Is No Cover.
Military outfits which specialize in
moving up under cover Of darkness are
learning that darkness isn't so much Of
a cover after all and that they must
find some other way of concealing their
movements Airplane parachute flares
effectively destroy the covering effect OF
darkness, and tests which have just
been completed at Langley Field, Hamp-
ton. Va, show that 1t Is not difficult
for observation planes to locate and fol-
low the course Of moving columns at
night.
The exercises were conducted with
the aid of the mechanical force and
one battalion of the 34th Infantry, mo-
torized, from Fort Eustis, Va. The
ground troops were sent out to make q
night raid on the balloon hangar at
Langley Field. They moved from Fort
Eustis at am. by various routes, ex-
pecting to launch a co-ordinated attack
at dawn, before they could be diScov-
cred by airplane observers.
Three one-hour observation flights
we're sent out from Langley Field, the
observers being equipped with para
chute flares, and each mission located
one or more of the major elements of
the raiding force. The first and second
planes found the columns as they moved
along the road. The third mission 10
Gated the concentration area. In each
case flares were used, though the tank
carriers, located on white shell road.
could be seen from an altitude Of 1000
feet without flares.
| The flares were dropped from an al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
GREATER CAUTION NEEDED
DURING STREET REPAIRING
Motorists Urged to Drive More
Carefully Because of Necessi-
tated Congestion.

Unusual conditions Of congestion on
many streets of the National Capital,
conditions induced by seasonal repair
and resurfacing operations, stand as a
challenge to the city's motorists. It is
within their power to reduce the effects
Of this increased congestion by giving
greater effectiveness to their driving
fundamentals Of smooth and safe traf1c
now.
These points are made by Oscar
Coolican, local automobile distributor,
who declares that while congestion has
an inevitable tendency TO slow trafic
movement, the degree to which it has
this effect Is dependent somewhat upon
the individual driver.
Heavy traffic" says Mr.. Coolican,
~moves with reasonable rapidity only
when 1t flows smoothly. The degree
b which 1t has smoothness Is dependent
Largely upon what the individual driver
does. II he avoids the temptation TO
weave; II, In other words, he remains
IN his proper lane and knows always
precisely what he wants to do, he will
have made his individual contribution
TO that certainty without which traffic
Is chaotically disrupted.
my COnU1b1OIl WHICH SnuQB q con-
siderable volume of trafac on q popular
thoroughfare to another already carry
ing a considerable burden places high
premium upon the giving Of adequate
signals. AS drivers We all know how
much more confidently we proceed when
We are kept informed by his signals
Just what the other fellow IS going to
do. Even on an uncongeSted street or
highway, the value Of signals Is clear
and unn1istakabIe.
Under the congested condition pre-
vaning on many OF our more important
streets today, the Importance Of signals
4S increased many fold. It Is up to all
OF us as individuals TO recognize the
situation and determine TO make the
most Of It.
Instead Of bemoaning a situation
that eventually results in better motor
ing conditions, why not make the most
OF the situation until we begin TO reap
the benefit Of these Improvements"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19

titude Of 1900 feet to avoid danger Of
fires, though in combat operations they
would be used at about 900 feet. The
illumination lasted for about three min
utes and was SUFFICIENT to afford good
observation of all roads and trails and
open fields over an area OF approx
mately one mile square, according to
reports to the War Department.
The battle ended peaceably. Shortly
after dawn the tanks. preceded BY ar
mored cars and supported by artillery,
launched the attack as planned, though
IL was no surprise to the attacked. After
the attack the attackers, the attacked
and the observers sat down together for
breakfast.
Flying vs.. Insurance.
Some of the apparent widespread
misunderstanding of the attitude Of life
insurance companies toward flying may
be cleared by survey OF IS insurance
companies just completed by Barber g.
Baldwin, underwriting agents.
The survey shows generally that for
old policies at present in existence n.y.
ing does not tnvAlidate the contract.
Some companies will not pay double In
demnity. however. in case Of death in
an airplane accident. Most companies
have q one or two year nconteStable
provision, after which no restrictions
exist with regard to the amount Of n.y.
ing. On new policies now being writ
ten O certain amount of flying IS per-
mitted on transport airlineS, such In
surance being written at standard rates.
For those who fiy frequently there are
slightly higher premium rates and spe-
ciaI agreements may be made by those
who do considerable flying. but who
wish to avail themselves Of standard
rrtna eafasf FOoli0v uyhafa IN AOllht
about such insurance, however. is to
write directly to the company which is
sued your policy for . definite state
ment, 1t was said.
A ResOurceful Pilot.
The story Is told Of a Canadian air
plane mechanic whose resourcefulness
saved him and his pilot months of ex-
lie in the frozen Sub-Arctic. Far up in
the barren lands, miles from the near
est civilization, the pilot broke q blade
Of their wooden propeller in a forced
landing. Months would be required to
communicate with the outside world to
obtain a new propeller.
Resourceful, the mechanic obtained
some boards from a wooden sled, ce-
mented them together with glue made
from the hoofs of a caribou which he
shot, cut templates from the good blade
Of the old propeller as guide and with
only an ak, o drill and q penknife,
fashioned a new propeller which was
good enough to get the airplane to civ
ilization.
Aviation Patents Increase.
Aviation patents on file in the Patent
Once now number nearly 4,500 and are
increasing at the rate of three a day
according to reports submitted at the
Detroit aircraft show. Manufacturers
are seeking to centralize the efforts to
improve flying through pooling of ideas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
Spanish War Veterans

The Council Of Administration met
April IL at department headquarters
and was presided over by Department
Commander Benjamin r. Motley.
Past Commander in Chief John Lewis
Smith submitted report Of the Ma
tional Maine Memorial exercises Feb
ruary Is at Fort Myer under the aug
pices OF the National organization.
Past Department Commander Jere A.
Commander in Chief Edward s. Mat
thias, by the department in the VIII
lard Hotel February 16.
An invitation extended by Chairman
H. Oden Lake OF the Confederate Me-
mortal Day Committee to attend the
Confederate Memorial services June 7
1T Arlington Cemetery was accepted and
arrangements left to Department Com
mander Motley.
Past Department Commander James
G. Yaden, president Of the Grand
Army Of the Republic Memorial Day
Corporation, announced that the meet
ings OF the General Memorial Day Com
mittee will be held at pm. Of thu
second and fourth Wednesdays Of April
and May in the board room Of the
Municipal Building.
A communication from the Depart
-
Spanish War Veterans advised that its
department will be in the parade on
Memorial day.
The department commander desig-
mated Comdr. G. r. McGiNicuddy to
have charge of the detail of. five mem
bers from each one OF the seven camps
Of the department for the exercises ut
the Confederate Memorial day services,
June Z, at Arlington Cemetery.
Admiral George Dewey Camp met
April IL, with Comdr. P. J. Callan pre-
siding. Harden Camp paid . vista
ton. The following recruits were mus
tered into the camp: Lieut.. Howard
Leitch, u. S. N, retired, and Daniel L.
Little. Past Department Comdr. Ar
thur H. League installed Charles
Mentges as sergeant-maIor OF the camp.
The camp Endorsed Senior Vice De-
partment Comdr. Samuel j. McWil-
liams for the position OF department
commander and OF Patrick ]. Callan for
senior vice department commander, SUBJ
ject to the approval Of the department
convention, to be held In June.
The following members Of Harden
Camp made remarks: Comdr. v. u.
watkins. Senior Vice Comdr. Thomas
D. Brinkley, jr.; Vice Comdr. william
o. Ohm, Chaplain c. r. Cotton, w. II.
Nolan, g. B0ogher and e. g. Conn.
Remarks also were made by Depart
ment Comdr. Benjamin r. Motley, De-
partment Inspector Charles A. Strobel.
Comdr. James B. Freeland Of Urell
Camp, Past Department Comdr. Arthur
H. League, Andrew J. Kimmel, Robert
c. Thompson. Lieut.. Howard Leiteh and
Daniel L. Little.
Miles Camp met April IL, with Comdr.
G. r. McGillicuddy In the chair. The
commander appointed Past Commander
in Chief John Lewis Smith, National
Historian Lorin c. Nelson and Past De-
partment Comdr. Charles J. p. weber,
who was orderly to Gen. Miles for sew
eral years, as representatives from the
camp 10 attend the unveiling exercises
Of q memorial to Gen. Nelson A. Miles
at the washington Cathedral by the
Danes of the Loyal Legion of America.
The unwilling services were conducted
by Bishop Freeman Of the Cathedral
last Thursday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19

The religion Of Ethiopia is Christian
ity of the Coptic sect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19

and the creation Of a patent research
department.
one of the latest developments, the
result of q year Of study, is the creation
of q Streamlined airplane tire and land
ing wheel which 1t is claimed reduces
parasitic drag without the use Of cowl-
ing or pants" permits installation Of
better brakes, and is not SO subject to
rolling" in cross wind Of Sideslip land
ings, with resulting danger of ground
looping. Tire and wheel make a single
streamlined unit, with no protuberances
to catch the air.
Navigation Class Begins.
Celestial navigation has been added
to the accomplishments Of bombardment
pilots in the I'd Bombardment Group.
Langley Field. Hampton, Va, and after
a new training course has been COM
pleted there will be at least one officer
IN each bombardment squadron qualified
in the subject.
The new course was launched follow
ing two recent lectures by Lieut. Comdr
Philip v. II. Weems, u. S. N, stationed
at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, Nd,
before the bomber pilots at Langley.
Comdr. Weems is an authority on celes-
tial navigation and has published sew
eral books and handbookS containing
their Use to make computations in the
air in a few minutes.
Following the lectures Mai Herbert
A. Dargue, commanding officer of the
group, expressed his desire that at
least one off1cer from each squadron
be assigned to specialize and become
expert in the celestial method of navi-
CATION. The group has all the neces-
sary equipment and good results are
expected. Members of the squadrons
hope that during the coming Air Corps
pursuit, observation and attack some
new kinks in the business of going
from here to there without any waste
motion.
DR.. Bridgeman HOnoFed.
DR.. Oscar @. Bridgeman, research
associate Of the Bureau of Standards,
was awarded the priced Manly me-
mortal medal of the Society of Auto
motive Engineers during the National
Aircraft Show at Detroit Friday night
for his recent paper on the effect of
airplane fuel line design on vapor lock.
Vapor lock has long been one Of the
most troublesome problems facing air.
plane power plant engineers. The term
is used to denote an interruption of the
flow Of gasoline from fuel tank to car
buretor, due to the vaporizatiOn OF
fuel at some point in the feed system,
creating bubble which interrupts the
flow Of fuel.
Vapor lock may be most serious.
causing the engine to stop without
warning. Many forced landings and
some bad crashes have been caused by
such Stoppages.
DR.. Bridgeman worked out principles
Of design and installation, which assist
materially in reducing the vapor-lock-
ing tendency, which he explained in
his paper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-04-19
Aviation Patents Increase.

Aviation patents on file in the Patent
once now number nearly 4.500 and are
increasing at the rate of three a day
according to reports submitted at the
Detroit aircraft show. Manufacturers
are seeking to centralize the efforts to
improve flying through pooling of ideas
Evening star., 1931-12-10
CLUB SEEKS WAYS
TO HELP J0BLESS
Mrs. Hoover Is Unable to
Attend Dinner of Engi-
neering Women.

A special dinner meeting was called
at the Hay-Adams House last night
by the Engineering Woman's Club to
discuss ways In which women can al
leviate unemployment conditions.
DR.. Lillian M. Gfbreth of New
York. consulting engineer and men,
ber of the Presidents Unemployment
Committee, said one of the chief tasks
OF engineering women Is to encourage
engineering students not TO abandon
their studies from financial stress.
Mrs. Gilbreth led round-table dis
cussion and introduced three speakers,
DR.. Louise Stanley, chief of the Bureau
Of Home Economics, Department of
Agriculture; Miss Katherine Lenroot,
assistant chief of the Children's Bu-
reau, Labor Department, and Miss
Mary Anderson, director OF the Wori
ems Bureau Labor Department. Each
discussed unemployment from the
standpoint of women in Government
work
Mrs. Herbert Hoover was expected to
be present. but was forced to send re-
grets shortly before the dinner started.
Mrs. George D. Barron, Rye. N. Y,
presided as president of the Engineering
Woman's Club. Other organizations
represented were the Ladies' Auxiliary
of Mechanical Engineers. Washington
branch of the Ladies' Auxiliary Of Min
ing Engineers and the womans branch
of the Committee of Engineers, which
campaigned for Hoover during the last
presidential election.
Evening star., 1931-12-10

repertoire of folk songs of the white
mountaineers.
I'VE have a little Summer cabin In
the mountains" Miss Penelope said
where We spend vacations and hear
the mountaineers sing their songs and
1t Is In that way We have learned many
songs which have never been written.
After the dinner last Spring the two
young ladies sang few songs and sc
delighted Mr.. Kinder that they were
asked If they would sing some time at
symphony concert.
This Fall, when the National Sym
phony Orchestra opened its Winter
program, the two girls from Tennessee
were not forgotten by Mr.. Kinder
They were again invited to sing, and
as result of the invitation they will
be heard at the childrens concert te
be held this afternoon by the National
Symphony Orchestra at Central High
School Auditorium
1T is difficult to select spirituals and
songs for children" remarked Miss
Penelope. SO many are sad that ]
don't think children would enjoy them
We have decided to sing rs Got Shoes
and 'Turnip Green's which, though not
a spiritual, Is one of the most popular
songs among the Negroes"
Sings Hours at Time.
"Our mountaineer songs will be
Comm Round the Mountain and
Come, My Love-"
Miss Penelope laughed. mo one
ever knew who is comm round the
mountain, but for hours at time the
mountaineers will sing that song"
About this time Miss Penelope was
joined by her sister Becky" who had
Just finished her lessons In rhythmic
dancing
Miss "Becky's" blue eyes slone as
Evening star., 1931-12-10

To Be Used for Peace.
BALTIMORE, December 10 R.-
Highly honored by her selection to
share in the 1881 Nobel peace prize with
DR. Nicholas Murray Butler OF Columbia
University, Jane Adams plans to use
her share of the money to advance her
work to promote peace throughout the
world.
A smile lighted the features OF the
II year old Chicago social service
worker as she received word of the
award while lying in bed at Johns
Hopkins Hospital. She entered the in
stitution yesterday for observation and
possibly an operation, but doctors de-
clare her condition Is not serious.
The qualification of Miss Addams
was expressed through her secretary,
Miss Mary Rosa Smith, who said no
official notification Of the award had
been received.
Founded Women's League.
Miss Addams, however, said she felt
that II the prize had been awarded
her. 1t was In recognition of her work
with the Women's International League
for Peace and Freedom, which she
founded in 1915 and served as presi-
dent for Is years. Since last year she
has acted as honorary president.
The secretary said Miss Addams was
highly honored" and had ruled the
money would be used for league work.
The league, which will benefit by many
thousands of dollars by Miss Adams
decision, has branches In rs nations
and sponsored the peace caravan"
that recently advanced on Washington
TO lay disarmament petition before
President Hoover.
Evening star., 1931-12-10

she was asked what she would do If
she and her sister were invited after
today's concert to accept theatrical
engagement.
"Oh, we never thought of that" she
replied modestly. But 1t certainly
would be wonderful. don't know
what we would do We have only sung
for our own pleasure and that Of our
friends
Her sister added, however, that
Becky had considerable dramatic talent
and had played several leading roles
last Summer with stock company in
New England.
Miss Penelope's only misgiving about
their singing at the symphony CONCERT
is that the children may not enjoy
their songs.
80 many people laugh at the
spirituals," she explained. "They don't
understand the spirit and sincerity Of
the colored people who sing them"
Evening star., 1931-12-10
Sing Mountain Ssnx,

In addition to the spirituals, Miss
Penelope and her sister have a rich
Evening star., 1931-12-10
Marriage Licenses.

1e; Rev. Robert l.. Wood
John w Cooper. ~, and Irene Thomas. 27;
Rev. Walter III. Brooks +
Franklin r. Alison. So and Bertha Z.
Rheinbold, 81 Rev. r. W. sinrin.
Norman 3. Kent, 81. and Mildred r.
Depp.
Frederick Ceres 81. Coronado. CALI. and
Harmon.
Lloyd A Mortin. Is. and Lucille Curtis
Thomas e. Boordee -
Finis o Donaldson, 90; and Minnie A.
Calvin Van Lew, ~ New Brunswick N j.
and Ida johnson. II, this city; Rev. E. C.
Smith.
John l. Todd. II. and Fannie J. Misner,
RI; Rev. Allan p. Poore
James L. Dial, 2e. and Ira Cheeks, az;
Rev. Oliver Wings
Thomas N. Hanna, "A, New York City and
Eildreth Van Devsnter, "a, Maumee, Ohio;
Rev. John z. Briggs.
Evening star., 1931-12-10
DENIES MECHANICS
! CAN EXPLAIN LIFE
DR.. {. G.. ConkIin Discusses
Evolution of Mind Before
Academy of Sciences.

Life and mind cannot be explained
entirely on mechanistic principles. DR.
Z. O. Conklin, professor of geology at
Princeton, said in a lecture before the
Washington Academy of Sciences last
night
Explanation of such phenomena as
diderential sensitivity and organic
memory, which exist in all forms OF
living things and which constitute the
basis of mind In the higher animals
DIR. Conklin said. demands some funda-
mental properties at the beginning
which cannot be stated in terms OF
physics and chemistry. But once these
fundamentals are assumed all the de-
velopment of life can be explained by
the laws of evolution, with the elimina-
tion of unfit individuals and species
and the elimination of unfit and waste
movements within an individual.
Regrowing of Organs Cited.
DR. Conklin stressed the remarkable
ability of regrowing lost organs among
the lower animals, which largely has
been lost among higher forms of life.
Tnus, II lens is cut out of a sala-
manoers eye the pupil Immediately be-
gins TO form new lens. Salamanders
as race cannot have had much ex-
perience in losing the lenses of their
eyes. 1t is the kind of an accident ex-
tremely unlikely to happen In nature
Ihus the ability to meet this emer-
gency hardly can have come through
an evolutionary process of the elimina-
tion OF those animals not equipped TO
meet TINS emergency and the preserva-
tion OF those who could.
The biologist said however. that once
the fNInHpmanfQI -
ence and differential sensitivitv are al
lowed, the evolution of mind can he
explained. Every organism apparently
possesses the property of irritability.
III comfortable or uncomfortable. ac-
coroing TO its environment and its ad-
lustment. This property of irritability
drives 1t to seek comfort, at first aim
lessly and with many movements which
90 not contribute to the solution of its
problem.
Evolution Applied.
Here the principle of evolution, which
always is at work In the species is
applied to the individual. The useless
movements are eliminated and the use
ful-those which have been successful
IN meeting particular situation-are
preserved in organic memory. Although
1t Is a long way from the efforts of
the one-celled animal trying to escape
an unpleasant situation by numerous
undirected movements to the mental
activities of man, the progress can be
explained by this principle of evoIu-
ZION. The same process, he said, can
be made to explain such remarkable
phenomena as acquired immunity to
various poisons.
At first the introduction of poison
into the body leads to undirected ac-
uvity OF every cell that can secrete
anything. Some substance serves as
an anti-toxn and eventually, due to
the evolutionary elimination of waste
movement, only this substance is
secreted when particular toxin in
vades the body.
Evening star., 1931-12-10
To Be Used for Peace.

among foreign statesmen than any
other private citizen.