davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-11-23
N
BY 4, ROVNER

BY A. hONNEh
A.gTHE army of unemployed consisting along with
! their families of almost third of the total
aflopulation. are in dire need Starvation is ram
pant. evctions are on the increase, suicides
d. among the unemployed become an almost every
Gay occurrence.
The unemployed suffering through no fault OF
theirs must be saved from starvation. This
problem requires immediate and adequate relief.
II is not problem of passing nature, not
merely an outcome of the present economic crisis,
--sbut deep rooted feature of the present econo-
+ Sinic order.
- The following figures of the estimated number
OF unemployed (average) in the United States
VIII prove this Figures as of 1923-29):
1923, 1532,oOO 1924 2,315,OO; 1926 1,775,ooo;
1926, 100000; 1927 2o55,ooo; 1923, 2,7o7eoo;
1929, 2,413OOO
The year 1928 and the first half OF 1929 marked
the highest development of American industry
and trade
However as the above figures from the AM
orican Federatonist, A. F. of L. official organ,
for Nov. 1880 indicate, there was not only a
large number of unemployed at that time, but
it was much in excess of the figures in previous
years.
This was due to the introduction IN recent
=, of new machinery along with the ceaseless
: T. .ceas Of intensified naturalization and speed
up turning millions Of workers out on the streets
Less Workers Used
The following Is q comparison OF the change
IN the value Of industrial products and the mum
Der OF workers employed IN American indus
trial establishments during period Of 10 years.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-11-23
E M PL OY NJ EN- T
INSURANCE

(Monthly Labor Review Dec 1930)
Number of industrial 1919 1929
establishments .2l4,383 1893 26S
Value of products $4,000, 100000 $4,000, 10000
Number of workers
employed ............ 100000 S,555 900
With 100000 less workers the value Of products
was increased by six billion dollars
Over 100000 fewer workers are at present en-
gagged on the American railroads, in comparison
with II years ago.
The same is the in every industry per-
manent unemployment which ceaselessly grows
When in addition TO the permanently unem-
ployed millions more were thrown on the streets
est economic crisis in American history, the pro-
blem of unemployment grew to enormous pro-
portions.
Fifty Billion Lost.
In the course OF the first years of the pre-
sent crisis the unemployed and vast number OF
part time workers suffered loss in wages OF
$50 900 100000 These billions In lost earnings
spell much misery, such intense suffering,
that it is almost beyond power OF description
The result is an appalling toll OF despair1ng
workers driven TO encouragement and suicide.
More mental and other cases have come to
New York City hospitals in 1880 than ever be-
fore" says Commissioner Greet, who says the
fear of unemployment '1s actually driving people
TO worry until they become mentally or physic-
ally ILL" Some $500 more mentally i'll patients
were admitted to Bellevue Hospital In the first
SIX months OF 1880 than the same period In
1925" Social Insurance, BY Grace Burnham,.
Appeals to charity grow enormously Only
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-11-23
number OF countries.

number of countries
1t goes without saying that In the U.S.SR.
such insurance is guaranteed to all the workers.
AT present no insurance is required in the US
S.R. since there is not only unemployment
there but an acute shortage of labor
Some form of unemployment insurance is also
in operation in almost all ndustrially developed
capitalist countries. This is the only country
With absolutely no social insurance. Because of
this the demand for immediate relief for the I'M
employed and TOR unemployment insurance Is
OF vital importance to the entire American work
ing oaPss -a---.---~--z,atv-- -S - =, -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

GENOA, Italy.-In view Of the many
attempts made in the last few decades
TO rob Genoa Of the glory Of having
piyen birth to Christopher Columbus,
the Podesta Of Genoa, Senator Broc-
cardi, appointed an official commission
three years ago to visit all the places
in Spain where documents relating to
Columbus were preserved and to photo
graph them and establish definitely
without q possibility of further doubt
that he was Genoese.
The commission was headed by Prof.
Giavanni Monleone, and 1t visited not
only all the libraries and museums OF
Spain where Columbus documents were
kept, but also obtained permission TO
make researches in the private library
OF the King of Spain, at the Royal
Academy In Madrid and in the archives
Of the Indies at Seville.
In an official statement the members
report that all the leading historical
authorities in the places they visited
had no doubt whatever OF the fact that
Columbus was a native of Genoa and
that they regarded all the publications
trying to prove the contrary merely as
time wasted. The director OF the Ma
tional Library, Prof. de Ia Ronciere,
also concurred In this view.
All the letters of Columbus known 70
be authentic, and in some OF which he
Gpeaks Of Genoa as his birthplace. were
not only photographed but chemically
examined. and the letter to the Genoese
Ambassador, Nicolo Oderigo, written In
1904 by Columbus, preserved in Genoa
IVES proved to be on the same paper a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

vmINA.-Four little italian songs,
dediceted to young Vienna girl, have
Just been added to the permanent schu-
bertiana collection In Austria. The
songs have been in the girls family
archives for more than 100 years and
are now for the first time released to
the public.
This discovery" made by the Schu-
bertbund of Vienna, a mems singing So
ciety, Is one of the many of the last
few years in its attempt to collect in
one place all of the Schubert relics as a
memorial to Franz Schubert, who died
in Vienna November 10, 1928, in his
thirty first year, after one OF the short
est but most productive lives In the his
tory Of musical composition.
Schubert, the beloved schoolmaster'
for In his struggle against poverty In
Vienna he taught for time in SUBJ
urban schools today the hero Of any
quantity Of light dramatic productions
for his compositions, of almost pure
1yricism, lend themselves to theme
songs" very well, and at the moment
there is now running in Vienna one OF
the latest talkies based on phases Of his
life.
Film Fails to Satisfy.
The Viennese view the film with
superiority and no little contempt, for
while the costumes are correct and some
parts of his romantic" life are pre-.
Sented, the Viennese fail to detect in the
spoken words that soft, broad Wiener
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

sought work in vain. His father also
did everything in his power to obtain
employment for the boy. He asked the
president of the bank with which he
did business to give the son chance,
but was told politely, but none the less
firmly, Sorry, but it's against our pol
icy: our people have to do good deal
of running around between various de-
partmentS." Often the father and son
were told that there was no vacancy,
when they well knew this was not a
fact. ..,.
Persisted in Efforts.
The boy persisted in his effort to find
a lob until a day when, in answer to a
want ad for young man with knowl-
edge of stencgraphy end bookkeeping
he was the very first in line at an office
door when the manager arrived to open
the days business. He merely glanced
at the crippled boy anXiously waiting
at the door on his clutches, then waved
his hand toward the elevator and said,
mo use your coming in; can't use any
body like you"
And that was the end Of the boys
own effort His spirit was broken; all
hope had fled. His mental attitude be-
came such that the father feared he
might end his life. It was then that
the father came to me for help. I was
able to secure employment for the Grip
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

ualize what that means--the great army
Of deformed boys and girls, reaching
from horizon to horizon and far beyond,
some crawling, some upright on
crutci1es, some unable to lift themselves
in any posture above the ground; little
boys, 5 or 6 years old, who cannot
stand. much less walk; tiny babies
clasped close in the arms Of despairing
mothers who love their children not the
twisted at birth and feet bent 80 that
they may never be able to walk. Ger
tairily there is nothing more pathetic in
the world than q child Of poverty. de-
formed uncared for by science, un-
wanted by society.
Seeing children Of this kind. a. ]
have seen hundreds Of them and as I
have visualized thousands more whose
fathers or mothers have written me for
the help that can be given only COM
paratively few, here set down another
mark Of credit for President Hoover.
No matter how he may be aSsayed by
history as a statesman or politician. the
world in years to come will pay tribute
to him as a humanitarian of supreme
quality. And the plaudits of the future
will be those OF men and women made
useful to themselves and the world by
virtue of the great work for child well
fare which he inspired. For one OF the
aims to which President Hoover's White
House Conference on Child Health and
Protection pledged thousands OF inf1u-
entail citizens throughout the country
was this:
Thousands Pledge 10 Help.
',For every child who Is blind, deaf.
crippled or otherwise physically handi-
capped, and for the child who Is men
tally Handicapped, such measures as will
early discover and diagnose his handi-
cap, provide care and treatment and to
train him that he may become an asset
to society rather than liability. Ex-
penses of these services should be borne
publicly where they cannot be privately
met"
Throughout America the public well
fare work for children has been vastly
stimulated. But when 1t is remembered
that there are from 5000, 900 to $780,
600 children in the United States who
are Handicapped or only partially
seeing, deaf or hard Of hearing, crippled,
mentally deficient or diSordered, or SUI
fering from tuberculosis. parasitic. %
heart diseases-then 1t becomes clear
why in most of our States private
| agencies must continue to supplement
what States or critics are doing.
In many communities at this time
plans are being laid to raise funds TO-
| unemployment relief and charitable
purposes. In nearly every one of those
| communities there is some agency or
organization interested in the crippled
boys and girls-the unemployed of the
| future, even II periodical depressions
are ended, unless deformed bodies are
made serviceable.
What those organizations are doing
bulks as a mountain to an ant hill COM
pared with my own effort for the
crippled. Yet I shall speak of what ]
have attempted because 1t Is the work
which I know best and most inti-
CONTINUED on Fourth Page.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
Four More Schubert Songs Are Found;
Written for Friend About 10 Wed

accent which Is 20 characteristic and
induplicable. From the characters, 90
they sit about in their Vienna kaftee-
hauses, emanates not the south wind
drawl which Is almost tropical in Its
letdownness, but the curt brisk North Sea
staccato explosives Of the Prussians OF
Berlin.
Schubert Schillir -.
Schubert was born in Vienna in 1897
six years after the death Of Mozart, the
175th year of whose birth Vienna Is
celebrating this year.
Two years ago Vienna celebrated the
centenary Of Schubert's death, with the
issuing Of Schubert schillings, which are
still In circulation, and this year some
time Mozart schillings are to be coined
and perhaps Haydn schillings will be
coined to celebrate Haydnis anniversary
year In 1882, the 200th anniversary OF
his birth. The birthplace of Schubert
Is still preserved in Vienna, charming
little two-story house in the Nussdorfer-
strasse.
The four italian songs Just brought tc
light and purchased from the owner by
the Schubertbund were composed for one
of Schubert's Schoolday friends, Fran;
Won Spaun, when Won Spaun was about
to marry. Won Spaun and Schubert
had been co-singers in the Court Choil
when boys, and it was when Schubert:
high lyric voice changed with adde's
cence that he was forced to leave the
choir and fend for himself, which fol
many years he found extremely difficult
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
BY ARTHUR CAPPER,
United States Senator from Kansas

Wv WITHIN the last few months
n the most disastrous wave of
NV tnfantile paralysis in Is years
has swept over the country.
Today thousands OF moth
ers and fathers throughout the Nation
are confronted with new and heart
rending problem-what to do with q
crippled child?
The world has Travelled a long way
toward real civilization since the days
of ancient Sparta, when the deformed
child was put to death by decree Of the
state. And medical science has pro-
creased so much during the last Is or
20 years that much more than sympa-
thy can be extended to the mother and
father Of a crippled boy or girl. From
my own knowledge Of what scientific
care and skill can do for the deformed
youngsters, say to them and to their
anxious parents: THE crippled child
has a better chance now than ever be-
FORE
In Africa the weak, sickly and de-
formed once were used to bait lion
traps. Today in America there are
Lions Clubs. as well as Elks, Shriners,
Rotarian and Kiwanis organizati ~as-
the oft-derided, so-called Main street"
societies-that are giving thousands OF
crippled children helping hand by fur
nishtng the means to straighten crooked
SptneS and limbs and twisted feet.
There never has been q better day
for the crippled. But there can be
and should be and will be-days Of even
fairer prospect and hope for the de-
formed child.
Business Men Helping.
There are thousands of ordinary
American business men, united in "serV-
ice" organizations primarily for business
advantage, who unostentatiousiy but Ell
fectively are doing what seems almost
like Gods own work in giving WnaC
amounts to new bodies to pitiluly oe-
formed children. But there are otner
and perhaps more thousands OF bust.
ness men who have no conceptlon o.
the problem and the anguish OF I1e
physically handicapped boy ana glrL
An instance Of this attitude came 70
my attention year or so ago. a nia ~
whom I had known for many yeaIe ao
an industrious. upright citizen came 10
see me and pleaded, with tears IN nus
eyes, for aid in finding employment ior
his 20-year-old son. The boy was p .a
crippled as the result OF an s .n1e 80 u
infantile paralysis during the 1Sio epi-
demic when the knowledge % E, ,eit IN,
portance of the after care was limited ,eio
that he had practically no use Oh nus
legs. Yet he had devised special
mechanism which enabled him to OPP
crate an automobile, and with tne a alo
Of crutches he could get apout on
foot" as rapidly as any one. n nve i the
graduated from high scn0oi On sne
honor roll for scholarship. Then he hac
Completed Q business college course WIZ
tha kiChest marks In his class. He was
q thorosIrialy capable stenographer anc
hooEk~ener-provided he could f1nd
lob AZ which TO prove IT!
! But for more than two years ne nae
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

pied son in the municipal accounting
department, although 1t was very eyi-
dent that the official in charge was
averse to hiring him. There my EFFORT
in the boys behalf ended. But SIX
months later, and again at the end OF
a year, the boys father called upon me
and reported with as much Joy as II ne
had fallen heir TO million dollars that
not only had his son hung on to MS
job, but had been promoted twice and
been told by his boss" that he was one
OF the most capable assistants In the
department. 7
Time and time again have noticed
that the crippled boy or girl who is given
even half fair chance in any kind OF
employment will excel others who are
not handicapped physically. I do not
cscribe this to any mental superiority
Though there may be one), but simply
to determination to succeed no mat
ter what the effort involved-an effort
to justify their existence. AS Frederick
Watson has said:
1.-The personal factor remains the
great shadow over employment of the
cripple. The employer cannot believe In
the physically handicapped; the Grip
| Piles cannot believe in themselves"
| Today in the United States there are
probably no less than 400 600 crippled
childred. wish that I had the power
to make every reader OF these lines Wis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
Germany Has Museum
Featuring Bad Taste

BERLIN.-The Stuttgart museum Of
bad taste-one Of the most amusing
museums In the worlds subject to at
tacks at present. Certain industries
want to have it closed because it silent
" reflects on their own products. They
have modified the Wuertenberg min
istry against this healthy institution,
and one can only hope that the minis
tiers viii not yield to the demands OF
the trash industries"
The museum has an educational pur-
pose. It demonstrates the ugliness Of
certain wares. There are monstrous
things on exhibition: Beer glasses IN
the form of Bismarck's head, beautiful
Venuses Of soap, ash trays in the shape
of chamber pots and thousands OF gim-
liar novelties"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
Canoeing Is Popular
On Canadian Rivers

OTTAWA, Ontario.-The increased
demand for canoes in Canada Is due
to the desire of American tourists to
visit sections of the Dominion by water.
An, official report shows that in the
last five years the building Of canoes
in Canada has increased by more than
30 per cent In the number of estab-
lishmentS and by 80 per cent in the
value Of the output. The total output
of canoes and small pleasure boats in
1881 was valued at more than 81, 900 900.
Canoeing still is one of Canada,s
favorite outdoor sports. Used originally
by the Indians on the waterways Of the
means Of getting "Sar away from the
madding crowd"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

the Labor party. Two and half mil
lions of British workmen have been on
the pay roll of the state, receiving the
dole. 1t was in forced retreat from
this political involvement that the
Labor party government came to grief.
The great bulk Of the Labor party did
not desert Ramsay Macdonald and
Philip Snowden because Of their pro-
posals for higher taxes. The two social
ist leaders were deserted because they
declared that the dole be reduced.
To cry, as some do, that this dole
reduction Is q capitulation to internal
tional bankers is wholly beside the point.
England was headed for bankruptcy,
and 1t Il much more to the point TO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

American labor in refraining from
partisan political action has been vim
dicated by the British object lesson.
When centering its attention on po-
litical action through the Labor party.
British labor has been compelled to &C
cept reduced wages, the membership Of
It's unions has fallen materially-nearly
so per cent-and, finally. the govern
ment which is set up as the crown
ing achievement of a half century Of
effort proved unable to extricate itself
from q crisis that to large extent was
the fruit of Labor party policies.
Since 1912 the dole has been in
operation in England, either under the
direction of, or with the support Of,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
Columbus Cenoese, Commission Finds;
Spanish Group Studies Explorers Letters

the one written to his son, Diego and,
besides, some of the phrases contained
in both letters are exactly alike.
The material collected by the COM
mission will be officially published, with
reproductions of all the photographs, in
a Columbus codex and be accompanied
with an explanatory text in four Ian
guages. But, 1t seems, the exact place
In what was once the Republic of
Genoa where Columbus was born Is still
to be decided. Cogoleto, flshermen's
village some 20 miles from Genoa, still
claims that he was born there and a
document found In the Vatican q year
ago tended to confirm 1t.
(Copyright. 1919
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
Old Roman Well Found
In Tunisia Gives Water

ALGIERS .-Archeologists here are
puzzled by the discovery, in South Tu-
nisia, Of Roman well in quite a good
state of preservation. 1t is in an al
most deserted region known as Ham
mamet, and was brought TO light by
worlmen while digging in search of
pure water for the inhabitants. This
well was in such condition that as soon
as 1t had been thoroughly cleaned out
water again began to spring up Just
as 1t had 1890 or 1000 years ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

blame the policies that led to the crisis
than it Is to blame the bankers who in
sisted upon seeing to 1t that they were
to get their money back.
In common with most Of the world,
but perhaps on q grander scale Eng
land hes been borrowing on the future
to feed her army Of unemployed, while
the army Of unemployed created no
wealth. It Is q poor political economy
that can devise no better plan than
state feeding for q continuous army OF
idle.
The fall Of the second Labor govern
ment in Great Britain, as a result OF
Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27
BY MATTHEW WOLL

BY MATTHEW WOLL,
Vice President American Federation Of Labor.
20 years American organized
l. workers have been advised by
British labor spokesman that I'M
i til American labor organized q
labor political party it could not
hope 10 achieve progress. We have been
advised that American labor Is where
British labor was 20 years ago" We
have been constantly derided as reac-
tionary and ignorant.
No spokesman for American labor
viii wish to draw conclusions for British
workers. However, we can say today
with full assurance that the policy OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

w WITHIN the last few months
n the most disastrous wave of
NM infantile paralysis in Is years
has swept over the country.
Today thousands OF moth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-09-27

CONTINUED on Fourth Page.l
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1931-02-19
| CORTLAND BOY
FATALLY INJURED

Robert George Bolton, five-year-old
son of Mr.. Christ Hippert of Court
land village, was fatally injured in a
tragic motor truck accident, which
occurred in the west end of that will
age, on recent afternoon. The little
fellow suffered a frontal fracture Of
the skull, and remained. unconscious
from the time Of the accident until his
death, which resulted at the Loretta
hospital in New-Ulm the following
ing morning. =
According to testimony given by
two I3-year@old girls and 9-year-old
boy, who witnessed thesaccident, it-
tie Robert, playing with other chill
arer near the. curb: on the north side
Of the. street, ran out into the street,
apparently, intent on crossing to the
other side. The lad must have sensed
the danger of being struck by truck
for he stopped, near the center of the
street and seemed to be about to turn
back as the truck, coming at a rate
Of speed estimated at only between 10
and Is miles per hour, came along
side. The driver sounded his horn,
and thought that the boy had clear
ed the truck, but two clicking sounds,
in close succession, prompted him to
stop. The lad had run against the
left side of the truck, and sustained
the injuries which resulted in his
death. =:
The driver of the Chevrolet truck,
Emil Bauman, Of CORTLAND township,
was declared blameless by an inquest
Jury.