davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18

tached Navy Yard, New York, N. Y,
about September Is; to U. S. S. Whit
ney.
Chief Pharmacist Joseph C. Gill, de-
tached Hospital Corps Training School,
Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calf: to
Naval Hospital, Puget Sound. Wash.
Chief Pay Clerk Claude w. Hamil-
ton. detached Scouting Force, u. S.
Fleet September / to duty with officer
in charge commissary store, Naval
Academy, Annapolis, Md.
Capt. Harlan P Perrill. orders April
Is revoked; detached duty as senior
member, Board of Inspection and Sur
vey. Pacific Coast Section. San Fran
cisco; to duty as member of the above
board
Comdr. Herbert r. Helm. detached Of
flee Naval Intelligence. Navy Depart
ment. about September 30; to duty as
navigating officer, u. S. S. Nevada.
Lieut. George Leon Russell. on Au-
gust Is detached duty u. S. S. Sirius. to
examination for retirement. Upon COM
pletion thereof to wait for orders in
Washington. D. c.
Lieut.. Timothy F. Wellings. detached
aide and flag lieutenant on staff, Train
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
NAVY ORDERS

Capt Allen Buchanan, detached as
chief of staff, Naval War College, New
port, r. l., on September %; TO 18th
Naval District.
Capt Victor A. Kimberly, detached
18th Naval District; to duty as chief OF
staff, 18th Naval District
Lieut. Comdr Oscar w Erickson, de-
tached command VO sgd Alb; to COM
mand VS. sgd. 2B ~. S. S. Saratoga
Lieut. William B. Anderson, to duty
as engineer officer u. S. S. Salinas.
Lieut. James H. McWilliams, dept's.
letter May is modified to U. S. s,
Patoka
Ensign George A. Sharp, detached
Naval Air Station, Pensacola, about
August 10; to u. S, S. Tennessee.
Medical Corps.
Lieut. Comdr. James B. Moloney. de-
tached Naval Hospital, Newport, r. l.,
about September IL; to U. S. S. Con-
cord.
Lieut. (Junior Grade EPIC D. Pear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
WRITER'S Staying
TRIAL NEARS END
Only Attorneys Arguments
Remain in D. H. Clark
Prosecution.
Nv the Associated Press.

Nv the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, August 1s.-The trial
Of David H. Clark, former deputy dis
trict attorney, charged with the muir
der of Herbert F. Spencer, political
writer. neared an end today, only the
arguments of attorneys and the courts
instructions remaining.
Special State Prosecutor W. j. Eora
Yesterday sought to prove that Clark
was the agent for rival political boss
when he called last May 20 at the once
of Charles II. Crawford, politician.
Both Spencer and Crawford were shot
to death there by Clark, who pleaded
elf-defense. -. r..
Ford's questioning was along the line
Of the relationship of Clark and CraW-
ford. The defendant was asked IL ne
hadn't made the proposal that certain
differences between Spencer, who os-
teusibly was crusading against vice IN
his magazine, and another political ng-
ure couldn't be fixed up" This Clark
denied.
Clark previously testified he had been
asked by Crawford to frame" Chief OF
Police Roy E. Stocked of Los Angeles
and that his refusal precipitated the
argument. which resulted in Crawford
reaching for a revolver.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18

at the Naval Air Station. Pensacola. Fla,
with authority to delay in reporting un-
til october 8:
Harry P Badger. from U. S. S. Mar
blehead: Pau B. Blackburn, jr. from
u. S S. Milwaukee,; Douglas B. Broken
shire, from y. S. S. Raleigh: Kenneth
M. Gentry. from Z. S. S. Omaha. Victor
s. Gaulin. from y. S. s. Marblehead;
John r. Hayward, from u. S. S. Rich
mond. Dursnd hsiefer. from U. S. S.
Northampton; Frederick w. Laing from
Z. S. S. Chester: Seraphin B. Perreault,
from u. S S. Marblehead: Henry G.
Sanchez. from u. S S. Trenton. and
Henry S Wygaat, jr.. from u S. S.
Memphis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
JURORS PREJUDICED,
CALDWELL CHARGES
Former Financier's Attorneys File
Afidtfvits With Motion for
New Trial.
d. the Associated Prest.

NJ the Associated Press.
NASHVILLE, Tenn, August ls.-At-
torneys for Rogers Caldwell, former
flnancier, sentenced recently to not
more than three years for fraudulent
breach Of trust, yesterday filed six af-
idayits, accusing jurors OF prejudice
against Caldwell.
The afiidavits were filed IN support OF
q motion for q new trial. A hearing
on the motion was scheduled for to-
day, but it was postponed until August
20 at the request of States attorneys,
who asked time to prepare answers to
the afidavits. The afidavitS were
signed by Paul Stewart and j. l.. Carney,
jurors, and four other persons. Those
of Stewart and Carney quoted fellow
Juror, S. j. Ayers, as saying in the
jury room: "You would give a man in
q HOUSEKEEPING and larceny case three
years, and now you only want to give a
man three years who has stolen a mil
lion dollars"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
Alfonso S Son Takes Villa.

TERRITE1. Switzerland, August is
GH}.-The Prince of Asturias. son of
former King Alfonso Of Spain. yester-
day occupied the villa Maryland here
It was occupied in 1874 by King viii
liam of Holland and later was purchased
by Prince V0ronoff Dashoff Troudetz-
kofT II has % rooms, Conservatives.
an orangery and q Winter garden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
NOTE IN SEA Is SIGNED
mNUNGESSER AND C0LP'
Roosevelt Field Officials Doubt
Authenticity of Message Re-
porting Sinking.
ny the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
ROOSEVELT FIELD. N. Y, August
IA note. written in French and
signed ''Nungesser and Coli, was found
in a cognac bottle picked up near Fire
Island yesterday by L. v. Alters and john
Gaucher. It was brought to Roosevelt
Field. where officials discounted its au-
thenticity, with the statement that the
dseection of ocean currents made 1t
6:ghIy improbable it could have been
a. fried from Labrador to Fire Island.
The note. translated freely, read:
eve are sinking at this moment near
Labrador"
Capts. Charles Nungesser and Fran
els Coli, French aviators, left LIE Bour-
get Field, Paris, May 8, 1927, on pro-
iected nonstop TRANSATLANTIC flight to
New York. They we're never heard from
again. although for months rumors OF
their possible whereabouts were circu-
lated.
Police will attempt to determine the
authenticity of the note found yester-
day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
ROYAL OPERA SIGNED
Hungarian Company to Be Attrac-
ton at Chicago Fair.

NEW YORK. August Is tPl,-J. ].
Vincent, managing director of the Ger
man Grand Opera Co, returned from
Europe yesterday with contract signed
by the Hungarian government to pre-
sent the Royal Opera Co. of Budapest
at Chicago during the 1898 World Fair
The company. consisting of 800, will
present the most spectacular OF the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18
royal Hungarian operas. @John the
Hero" Mr. Vincent said
Later, it win tour the United States.

Use of alcohol for tractor fuel ia be-
coming general in Brazil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-08-18

son, detached Naval Hospital. Mare Is
land. Calf. about July IS: to tempo
rary duty, receiving ship at New York.
Supply Corps.
Lieut.. Louis w. Crane, detached as
officer in charge, Fuel OIL Station,
yorktown, Va, on September !; to U,
S. S. Salinas.
Lieut.. Robert G. Robson, detached
U. S. S. Sapelo; to duty with chief CO.
ordinator, Washington, D. c.
Comdr. Eaton C. Edwards. detached
Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. to
navy yard, Pearl Harbor. T. II.
Lieut.. Clarence w. Baker. detached
duty navy yard. Portsmouth, N. H.: to
such duty as may be assigned at navy
yard, Portsmouth, N. H.
Lieut.. John H. Gallon, detached u.
S. S. Nokomis about September 20; to
Naval Training Station, Hampton
Roads, Va.
Warrant Ofhcers.
Chief Gunner Charles H Foster,
orders June i and modification of June
80 revoked: continue treatment Naval
Hospital, Newport. r. /.
Chief Gunner Sigvart Thompson, de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

cussed, with similar powers and func-
tons within the State. The State agen-
cies would have to conform in general
outline to a plan prescribed by the ma
tional commission in order to insure
uniformity throughout the country as
10 matters of general consequence, but
, as tc local questions they would be sub
ject entirely to State control and could
easily be adapted to the varied social
and economic conditions within the
State
Matters of price, return and other
financial and operating details within
the State would be controlled by the
State commission along the same lines
as already discussed, and the surplus
revenues from operations within the
State would go into the State treasury
as a special fund to be disposed of by
the Legislature of the State.
The State could permit local option
as to the establishment of a sales
agency in any given community. These
agencies should be in buildings where
no other commercial activity is car
ried ON, should be open only at certain
hours of the day, on such business days
as might be prescribed by State law
or regulation.
Limitation of Sales.
SALES should be limited to
persons holding license books, which
should be issued by the State agency
nearest the fixed abode or voting place
of the holder under regulations of the
commission. The holder should be re-
CURED to sign an agreement In this
book to account for the purchases made
hereunder at any time on request and
to the satisfaction of the State corpo-
ration or State commission. y.
of hplnU
an alcoholic content to be fixed from
time to time by the appropriate COM
mission might or might not be limited
to a reasonable quantity in any month,
having a regard to the proposed use by
the purchaser with view to limiting
the use and preventing purchases for
Legitimate purposes.
Upon conviction for violation of the
law, for drunkenness or other cause
provided by law, the book should be
Cancelled for such time as might be
prescribed. All State and national
regulations should seek to restrict sales
and use as far as may be done, with
out leaving a possible demand which
could be supplied at a profit by boot
leggers. No advertisement OF
alcoholic liquors or solicitations of pur-
chasers should be permitted.
THE excess revenues from the opera
tons of the national corporation would
go into the Federal Treasury, and those
from the operations of the State corpo-
ration and its branches would go into
the State treasury. These revenues,
which now go entirely to the lawless
and criminal classes, would undoubted-
ly be very large They would be sub
ject to disposition by Congress and the
State Legislatures, respectively. They
should be set aside as special funds in
the respective treasures, and used for
educational purposes, especially as to
the evils resulting from the use of al
coholic beverages and for the eradica-
ton and prevention of those conditions
which cause excessive drinking or
which tend to create a demand for in
toxicating beverages"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

l. ( "
with national prohibition there has
been developed such widespread spirit
of laWleSsnesS, hypocrisy and unprece-
dented disreSpect for authority that IN
fairness and candor it must be stated
that in the final analysis OF conditions
now no other national moral improve
ment can be credited to prohibition.
Nevertheless, the gain should not be
jeopardized until it has been demon
strated after the faireSt possible trial
that the experiment is completed ana
has proven to be failure.
l have signed the report of the COM
mission. 1 believe it to be an impartial
and dispassionate composite expression
from all of the material that has come
before the commission. I concur in the
findings of fact stated therein. do not
concur in all of the reasons, obSerVa-
tons and statistics stated in the report.
I am in accord with all of the conclu-
sions and recommendations except that
in which a revision of the eighteenth
amendment is suggested Immediately
am not convinced by the evidence
that the experiment has had fal1
trial under the most suspicious condl-
lions, and I believe an opportunity
should now be given to the Congress
and the administrative agencies to i'm
mediately give it such trial. II within
a reasonable time observance and en-
forcement conditions are not clearly
proven to be nationally better than they
are now, then the amendment should
be revised as recommended in the COM
MISSIONS report. I believe there is cred
ible evidence before us that justifies the
opinion that If the Congress enacts the
| recommended changes at the present
session one year would be reasonable
time to indubitably conclude whether
or not the eighteenth amendment car
be properly enforced as national man
4 date
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

hibition laws could not have been
expected.
In view of growing opposition to the
prohibition laws and the prevalence of
this sentiment, it seems to me there
should be if possible a referendum
which would settle the proposition of
whether the majority of the American
people favor prohibition as national
policy. There is no provision of the
Constitution for referendum and a
mere straw vote referendum by States
or magazines is unsatisfactory. There
could be an expression by the people
under Article of the Constitution.
Supports Anderson Proposal
If prohibition cannot be successfully
enforced, should favor a trial of the
system proposed by Commissioner An
derson in his report-which could only
be after some modification of the
eighteenth amendment putting the
matter in the hands of Congress.
Prof. Chafee of Harvard University
interestingly discusses in the January
Forum of 1881 q somewhat similar
proposal.
1t seems to me, in fairness to a great
social and economic experiment, that
the enforceability of the prohibition laws
should have further trial under the new
organization in the Department of
Justice; that if, after such reasonable
trial, it is demonstrated they cannot be
enforced any better than they have
been in the past, the modification of
the eighteenth amendment suggested
by the commission should be brought
about and the power placed in Con-
gress to deal fully with the subject;
that in the meantime, the feeling Of
the people on the subject should be
registered by referendum on repeal of
the eighteenth amendment in the man
ner suggested herein.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

of intemperance, corruption and politi-
cal abuse found in the regulatory pro-
visions prevailing prior to the adoption
of the eighteenth amendment.
Plan for Repeal Favored.
When alternatives to national pro-
hibition are considered. the same state
of public opinion, emphasized in the
majority report, which leads me to the
conclusion that the local cooperation
necessary for the enforcement of the
national prohibition act cannot reason
ably be expected, seems to me to re-
quire the conclusion that repeal is the
only consistent alternative. With great
Difference to the opinion OF those VINO
are so much better qualified than 70
consider the matter, do not think
that to substitute for the eighteenth
amendment a provision leaving the mat
ter to Congress is any solution. Unless
the commission, after its opportunity
for study, Is prepared to recommend
to Congress concrete plan for dealing
with the situation, the suggestion that
the matter be referred to Congress
seems to me not to dispose OF the prob
lem or to make an substantial advance
In its disposition. Moreover, this pro-
posal would mean that the liquor ques-
ton would play large part every two
years in the election OF Congress, that
a fixed national policy Of dealing with it
would never be assured.
II an experiment with Government
control is to be undertaken, it appears
to me better that 1t should be under.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

come a matter of national concern.
Even if it were a possibility of accom-
plishment in the near future, it would
be unwise to repeal the eighteenth
amendment.
Such repeal would cause the instant
return of the open saloon in all States
not having Statewide prohibition.
The public opinion as voiced in the
testimony before us appears to be unan-
imouS against the return OF the legal
lied saloon.
strong reason, among others, why
I favor immediate steps being taken to
revise the amendment is in order to
destroy the power of the murderous,
criminal organizations hourishing all
over the country upon the enormous
profits made in bootleg liquor traffic.
Those profits are the main source OF
the corruption funds which cement the
alliance between crime and politics and
corrupt the law-enforcing agencies in
every populous city.
Crime Growth Fought.
Those criminal octopus organizations
have now grown so audacious, owing to
their long immunity from prosecutions
for their crimes, that they seek to make
bargains with law-enforcing officers and
even with judges Of our courts to be
allowed for price to continue their
criminal activities unmolested by the
law.
Those organizations of murderers and
arch criminals can only be destroyed
when thet: bootleg liquor profits are
sakea frorn them. Sc long IS the eight
zenith amendment remains In it, pres
eu5. -ig.S io:7n. tie Nation, the States
the municipalities, the individual citi.
zen, are helpless 10 get out Of reach Of
their poisoning breaths and Shiny ten
tacleS.
If not soon crushed, those criminal
organizations may become, as they are
now seeking 10 become. super-govern-
mentS. and so beyond the reach OF the
ordinary processes o! the law.
1t is asked, suppos.ng she amendment
is revised. what legislation Is &c follow:
What plan is there TO take tho place o:
a national prohibition. act? OF the
suggestions put before us the most care
fully thought out Is that proposed IN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

chiefly to (D the enormous margin be-
tween the cost of producing or import
ing illicit liquor and the prices it COM
mands; ca the hostility or. at best,
lukewarmness of public opinion in i'm
portant localities and of significant
part of the public everywhere; and CD
the tendency of many States to leave
the matter to the Federal Government
and of the Federal Government to seek
to confine itself to certain larger aspects
OF enforcement. Instead of the two
governments each pressing vigorously
toward common end, as contemplated
in the amendment, they allow enforce
ment in large part to fall down be-
tween them.
Americans have had a perennial faith
in political mechanics; and, in the spirit
of that faith, it is urged that the or
ganization and machinery of enforce
ment and the legislative provisions may
be so far improved as to bring about
an adequate observance and enforce
ment. which admittedly do not exist,
But there Is no reason to suppose that
machinery and organization and equip
ment will change public opinion in the
places and among the classes of the
community where public opinion has
proved an obstacle, nor that they will
succeed in the teeth of public opinion
any more than they have in the past.
Hence. while making enforcement as
effective as we may, so long as the
amendment as it is remains the SUI
preme law OF the land, we should be at
work TO enable the fundamental diff
culties TO be reached. This. 1t seems
clear, can only be done by revision of
the amendment. It can be done only
by so redrawing the amendment as, ON
the one hand, to preserve Fedora. con
troll ana n check upon bringing back of
the saloon anywhere, and. on the other
hand. allow of an effective control
adapted to local conditions i'll places
where, as things are at least, 1t is futile
70 seek . nationally enforced general
total ahgfinM ice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

in public opinion as result of bet
ter organization and methods of en-
forcement and a campaign of expo
sition of the evils of the old state
of affairs and the dangers of return
to the saloon and corrupt saloon
politics. I think that if a proposed
amendment to the Constitution
simply repeating the eighteenth
amendment were to be passed by the
requisite majorities in both Houses
of Congress and submitted to the
States, to be considered by conven-
tions called for the purpose in each
State. the delegates to be chosen in
an off-year and the conventions to
be held in year when there is no
presidential election, we should have
intelligent discussions of the queS-
ton and a result which would re-
fleet the sober informed and deliber-
ate opinion of the people. Such a
procedure might remove the issue
from party politics. If the result
were to support the eighteenth
amendment, public opinion would
promote observance and sustain rea-
sonable, intelligent enforcement of
the law such as would furnish test
of prohibition that would con-
it is practicable. If the prepon-
derating opinion should oppose pro-
hibition, the way would be opened to
a revision of the amendment, such,
for example, as the one recommend
ed in our report. Even then there
would remain the difficult question
of how to allow the manufacture
and sale of Intoxicating liquors
u.if 40 nf
The best method thus far suggested
is a modification of the Swedish
system. Yet I have great doubts if
such a system would work in our
country. I think the pressure to
obtain books authorizing purchase
of liquor would be so irresistible
that all benefits of the system would
be lost. or else the intrigues of or
ganiZed liquor interests would exert
such influence in Congress that the
distinctive characteristics of the
system would be destroyed and an
abundance of liquor soon flow for
all who wished it. The whole sub
iect is one Of great difficulty. There
is room for difference of opinion on
most of the elements involved
Therefore. despite the we'll financed
active propaganda of opposition to
prohibition and the development of
an increasingly hostile public
opinion, am not convinced that the
present system may not be the best
obtainable End that any substitute
for it would net lead to the unre-
stricted flow of Intoxicating liquor,
with the attendant evils that in the
past always were a blight upon our
social organization.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

ton from the Constitution, where 1t
seems to me it should never have been
put, and of giving Congress the power
to adapt Federal legislation on the sub
iect, from time to time, to the realities
of the situation as they may develop.
1 have signed the report of the COM
mission because it is fair finding OF
the facts disclosed to us by such evil
dence as was available and because it
is clear that so long as the Constitu-
ton and law remain as they now are,
the recommendations of the report
should be carried out to aid the Execu-
tive. charged with the duty of enforce
ment.
The efforts now being made to en-
force the law are sincere and intelli-
gent, and aided and supplemented as
recommended in the report a higher
degree of effectiveness will be certain
to follow, but in my opinion the prob
lem is insoluble so long as it is per-
mitted to require nationwide Fed
eral enforcement of a police regula-
ton, at variance with the settled habits
and beliefs of so large a part of our
people,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-01-20

taken by individual States than by the
Federal Government. 1t seems reason
ably certain that any attempt to en-
bark upon paternalized permit system
would not succeed in this country, would
open the door to considerable corrup-
ton. and would transfer the bootlegger
from the rich man to the poor man as
his field for operation.
Summarizing, my conclusion is that
the eighteenth amendment cannot be
effectively enforced without the active
general support of public opinion and
the law enforcement agencies of the
States and cities of the Nation: that
such support does not now exist, and
that cannot find sufficient reason to
believe that it can be obtained. I see
no alternative but repeal of the amend
ment.
I do not favor the theory of nullifi-
cation, and so long as the eighteenth
amendment is not repealed by conSti-
tutional methods it seems to me to be
the duty of Congress to make reason
able efforts to enforce it. however grave
the doubts as to ultimate success