davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
GORTNER

Church services next Sunday morn
ing by the Brethren. All are invited.
Mr.. and Mrs. Guy Sanders and
daughter, Betty Jean, Fairmont, were
visiting Mrs. Sanders home folk over
the weekend.
Mr.. Roy Spoerlein has arrived from
! New Windsor, Md, to visit relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. D. L. Swartzentruber,
Mrs. Jacob Swartzentruber, and the
Lichtys attended the funeral of Mr..
Lichty's brother, Mr.. Conrad Lichty,
near Berlin, Pa, on Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Milton Riley, Mr.. and
Mrs. Ray Gnegy, Misses Dorothy Ri
ley, Elsie and Buryl Gnegy, Pleasant
Valley, spent Sunday evening at the
home of Mr.. S. W. Slabach.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. J. Alexander,
daughter Miss Nell, and son Fred, OF
Accident; and Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
Alexander, Cumberland, were guests
of the Welchs on Sunday.
Mrs. Calvin Holiday, near Ora ants
vile, who was in this vicinity seek
ing employment, spent Wednesday
night with Mr.. and Mrs. Simon
Swartzentruber Mrs. Holiday accom-
panied Mr.. Rufus Beachy to Grants
vile on Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Slabach and son,
and Miss Anna Virginia Slabach, of
Uniontown, who were home for Eas-
ter, were guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Har-
vey Swartzentruber, Saturday night
Mr.. and Mrs. I. L. Beckman, Lynn
Dale, are rejoicing over the arrival
of nine pound son. Miss Carrie
Wiles is employed at Beckmans.
Among those calling on Mr.. and
Mrs. Thomas Grove on Sunday after
noon were Messrs S. W. Slabach, Ed.
Hesse, Melvin Rein, Miss Lena Sla-
bach, Mr.. and Mrs. A. Fike, and Mrs.
Albert Sisk.
Mr.. Ernest Swartzentruber, Harri-
sonburg, Va, spent his Easter vaca-
ton here with his brother and other
relatives and friends.
Following are those who made a
perfect attendance in the union Sun
day school the past quarter: Messrs.
P. P. Gortner, S. w. Slabach, Roy
Lichty, Melvin Keim, Ross Grove,
Lawreice Bittinger, D. L. Herman,
Willard and Merle Swartzentruber,
Misses Lena Slabach, Nellie Forman,
Mary Lichty, Betty and Louella
Swartzentruber, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Albert Sisk.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
AVILTON

Bernard King, of Oakland; Billy
Merrill and Albert Robson spent the
Easter vacation with Mr.. Kings par
ents at Ridgeley.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Hetz anc
sons Paul and Carl spent Sunday
with Mrs. o. S. Fike.
Mrs. Herman Robson spent Sun.
day with Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Michael
Misses Anna and Mildred Fike, Geo
Fike and Oscar CLANCY motored to
Annapolis Saturday to spend Easter
with Mr.. o. S. Fike, one of the Gar
rett county members of the Legisla-
ture, who will return with them on
Tuesday.
Mrs. Owen Lewis, of Frostburg
spent Saturday night and Sunday at
the home of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. ]. A. Broadwater, in this COM
munity.
Enoch Robson purchased a new
Chevrolet truck recently.
Herman Robson and Ira Stark mo-
tored to Cumberland Sunday where
they were attended by specialist.
Miss Cecilia Broderick, of Frost
burg, visited her grandparents, Mr.
and Mrs. George Brown, Sunday.
Mr.. Bert Barker is in this commu-
nifty visiting.
Mr.. Jesse Merrill made a business
trip to Meyersdale, Pa, and Grants
vile on Saturday.
Mrs. Joshua Turner attended the
funerals of her cousins, who were
buried at the Johnson cemetery on
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
CHAPTER I

On May 3, 1917, four weeks after
the United States had declared war
on Germany, received the following
telegram from my father-in-law, the
late Senator F. E. Warren, In Wash
ington:
"Wire me today whether and how
much you speak. read and write
French"
At this time was stationed at Fort
Sam Houston, which adjoins San An
tonic, Texas, and was in command Of
the southern department with the rank
of major general. Naturally, Senator
Warren's telegram suggested that /
was to be assigned to some duty in
France, but as no intimation had been
given out regarding the extent Of our
active participation in the war, the
message was somewhat puzzling.
However, telegraphed the follow
ing reply:
spent several months in France
nineteen-eight studying language.
Spoke quite fluently; could read and
write well at that time. Can easily
reacQuire satisfactory working knowl
edge"
Quotes Warrens Letter.
My reply, to be sure, was rather op-
timistic, yet it was comparatively &C.
curate and perhaps was justified by
the possibilities to be inferred from
Senator Warren's telegram. A few
days later l received from him the
following letter:
"Dear Jack:
''Ihis is what happened: Last
night, about ten o'clock, the secre-
tary of war rang me up and want
ed to know If would call in and
see him this morning, and I re-
sponded that l would if could
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
FOREWORD

My primary purpose in writing this
story of the American expeditionary
forces in France is to render what l
conceive to be an important service
to my country. In that adventure
there are many lessons useful to the
American people, should they ever
again be called to arms, and felt it
a duty to record them as saw them.
The World war found US absorbed
in the pursuits Of peace and quite
unconscious Of possible threat to our
security. We would listen to no
warnings Of danger. We had MATE
small preparation for defense and
meme for aggression. So when war
actually came upon Us we had to
change the very habits Of our lives
and minds to meet its realities. Tho
slow processes by which we achieved
these changes and applied our laton,
power to the problems Of combat in
Europe, despite our will, our numbers
and our wealth, have endeavored to
describe. Therein lie the lessons Of
which l write.
WIBu 10 uCuICdtG MOuVo&
work to the men of all ranks who
served with me in France, and es.
pecially to those who gave their lives
to the cause for which we fought.
To my comrades of the allied
armies ] wish to say that am not
attempting to write history Of the
World war or Of the epic part they
took in 1t. / write of our own army
and for our own people, and ! have
not consciously magnified or mini.
mixed the effort Of any army or any
people. There is credit for all of us
in the final triumph of our united
arms. The struggle of the allies was
much longer, their sacrifices very
much greater, than ours.
l arm grateful to President Wilson
and Secretary Baker for selecting me
to command our armies and for the
whole.hearted and unfailing support
they accorded me in France. No com.
mander was ever privileged to lead q
finer force; no commander ever de-
rived greater inspiration from the per
Torrance of his troops.
JOHN ]. PERSHINC.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
at 1880 O'clock p. Nj.

TERMS OF SALE-All sums under
$500 cash on day of sale; on sums of
SIS and over a credit of four months
with approved security and bearing
interest will be given.
MRS. SARAH A. BECKMAN,
8-2* SwantOn, Md.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09

S0STOIATy " war tN0WGoN ~ 0&NOE
at His Desk.
of my recent experience in Mexico and
Of conditions on the border, which,
fortunately. were Quieter than they
had been for several years.
Mr.. Baker referred to my appoint
msnt and said that he had given the
subject very careful thought and had
made the choice solely upon my rec
ord. I expressed my deep apprecia-
ton Of the honor, mentioned the re-
sponsibility Of the position and said
that hoped he would have no reason
to regret his action.
/ left Mr.. Bakers Office with a dis
tinctly favorable impression of the
man upon whom, as head Of the War
department, would rest the burden Of
preparing for a great war to which
the wholly unready nation was now
committed.
Still proceeding under the assump-
division in France, my feelings may
well be imagined when rev days
later, the secretary Of war called me
in to say that it had been decided by
the President to send me abroad as
commander in chief, and that should
select my staff accordingly and prepare
to sail rs soon as possible.
The thought of the responsibilities
that this high position carried de-
pressed me for the moment. Here in
the face of a great war I had been
placed in command of a theoretical
army which had yet to be constituted,
equipped, trained and sent abroad
Still, there was no doubt in my mind
then or at any other time of my abil-
ity to do the job, provided the gov
eminent would furnish men, equip
ment and supplies. Ito be Continued
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09

Sunday and Monday afternoons, one
of whom died in Baltimore and the
other at FrOstburg.
Harvey BrOadwater, of Fairview,
called at the home of John Weitzell
last Thursday.
Miss Mary Merrill called on Miss
Helena Stark recently.
We were very much surprised to
see the snow which fell on Easter
Monday.
Those having perfect attendance
for the month of March at the Mer-
rill school are June Merrill, Vernon
Robson, Rose, Cecil and Harold Fike.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
Roundless Resources

He Is the God of boundless re-
sources. The only limit is in US. Our
asking, our thinking. our praying are
too small. Our expectations are too
limited. There is but one measure
given for his blessing, and that is "ac-
cording to the power that worketh in
us."-A. B. Simpson.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
CHAPTER n


arrived in Washington May 9 and
the next morning called at the Office Of
the chief of staff, Maj. Gen. Hugh L.
Scott. He spoke of my assignment,
which, as had been my impression
from his message Of May 2, was to
command division, and told me that
it had been made upon his recon-
mendation.
General Scott outlined the general
plans in so far as anything definite
had been determined. Beginning with
February 8, the war college division
of the general staff presented a num-
Der of recommendations for action in
the event of war with the central
powers. One was for the enactment
of q draft law and others referred to
the size Of the army to be organized
and the necessity for the procurement
Of equipment and supplies.
Chagrlned by Unpreparedness.
March Is, acting under Instructions
of the chief Of staff, the war college
division submitted a more detailed
scheme for raising an army of 100000
men. But these were all eleventh.
hour suggestions and no definite action
was taken on any of them until May
IS, when congress passed the law
authorizing the increase Of military
establishment through the application
Of the draft.
! was really more chagrined than
astonished to realize that SO little had
been done when there were so many
things that might have been done long
before. 1t had been apparent to every
body for months that we were likely
to be forced into the war and state
Of war had actually existed for sew
eral weeks, yet scarcely start had
been made to prepare for it. The War
department seemed to be suffering
from a kind of inertia, for which it
was probably not altogether respon-
sible.
But the truth is that the general
staff at Washington had never been
organized along modern lines, its MEN,
bership had been recently reduced by
congress, and but few Of its officers
had the experience necessary fully to
understand Its functions. In this fact
we no doubt find the basis Of many Of
the difficulties that arose later in con-
nection with the preparation Of our
army at home and its shipment and
supply abroad.
Praise for Secretary Baker.
My next call was upon the secretary
Of war, Mr.. Newton D. Baker. It was
q much younger and considerably
smaller man who greeted me than I
had expected. He actually looked d.
minutive as he set behind his desk,
doubled up in q rather large Office
chair, but when he spoke my impress
sion changed Immediately. We talked
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09

reach him at nine o'clock. This
Is the first time he has ever asked
me to call for a consultation.
"When l reached him he said In
the most distant and careless way:
oh, by the way, before I discuss
the matter about which I asked
you to call-do you happen to
know whether Pershing speaks
French? (This is the first time
your name was ever mentioned be-
tween the secretary Of war and
me, direct.)
II said was not certain about
that; that I knew he was a lin
guist along the lines Of Spanish
and, to some extent, japanese, and
all Of the Philippine dialects e
pardonable exaggeration BY ones
father-in-law)-that perhaps my
wife might know, as she speaks
French a little and reads II
readily.
"He said: We'll, 1t is Of no spe-
clal consequence, only I happened
to think Of it at this moment I
replied: We'll, I'll ask my wife
about 1t today and see whether
she knows, and will let you know
He then said: If you don't mind,
do So
"And then he proceeded to dis
cuss quite fully some approprfa-
tion matters on which I intended
to go to work upon my arrival at
the Capitol.
81 hope you will wire me
promptly upon receipt of my tele-
gram so that I may tell the sec
rotary what my wife said about
1t o.
"Affectionately,
''F. e. WARREN"
Message Promises Command.
Shortly after the receipt of the phi
vate wire and before the above letteI
reached me, a telegram dated May
came from Maj. Gen Hugh L. Scott
chief of staff, containing the opening
words, "For your eye alone" followed
by a message in code:
"Under plans under consideration Il
one which will require among othel
troops our infantry regiments and one
artillery regiment from your depart
ment for service in France. If plani
are carried out you will be in com
mand. You will be in command of the
entire force. Wire me at once desig
nation of the regiments selected BY
you and their present stations"
construed this message to mean
that these troops were to form q d.
vision, which, together with such Other
troops as might be sent over at once
would be under my command.
Within a day or so after the receipt
Of Scott's telegram it was intimatec
to Col. NJ. II. Barnum, my chief Of
staff, that we might be called upon
for a recommendation, and after con
sultation with him / selected the Six
teenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-sixth ant
Twenty-eighth regiments of infantry
and the Sixth field artillery. These
together with two other artillery regi
ments and the necessary auxiliary
units, were later organized as oul
first division.
Surprised by Developments.
had scarcely given thought t.
the possibility of my being selected t.
be in supreme command of our forces
as afterward developed, although my
old friend, Maj. Gen. j. Franklin Bell
had written me that he thought my
selection almost certain. After l lef
the Philippines. in 1918, where he wa.
in command, he and had kept up al
intermittent correspondence in which
we freely exchanged condolences OF
army matters.
In one of his letters early in April
1917, General Bell spoke Of the pos
sibility of our sending an army Il
France and gave a list of the genera
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09

Prayer opens the soul to God. Pray
or opens the life to the workings Of
infinite grace. II. Jowett.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
PUBLIC SALE

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That
under and by virtue of Sections 81
and Sc of Article GO of Bagby's An
notated Code of Maryland, the UNDER
signed will on
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
PUBLIC SALE!

Household Goods, Livestock,
and Farm Machinery, at the D.
E. Beckman Farm, at North
Glade, Garrett County, Md, on
WEDNESDAY, APRIL Is, 1881
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1931-04-09
SATURDAY, APRIL IS. 1881.

IIOUaUSU OUue Vi MAJ IdIIu, IHt UIUtI"
signed will on
SATURDAY, APRIL IS, 1881,
at the hour of 10 o'clock a. M, offer
at public auction and sell to the high
est bidder at Spoerlein's Garage, in
the town of Accident, Garrett county,
Maryland, one Model T Ford Roadster,
Motor No. 6257111, with Truck Bed,
the said automobile being the prop
erty of E. Shaffer Corliss, Pittsburgh,
Pa, and will be sold to pay the lien of
the undersigned for storage and re-
pairs.
TERMS OF SALE-Cash on the
day of sale.
SPOERLEIN'S GARAGE,
7-3t. By F. E. Spoerlein.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-10-08
UNMASKING SOCIAL DEMACOGY

The reactionary leadership of the American
Federation of Labor fully supports the Hoover
program and the program of the Republican
Party 1t stands opposed to unemployment in
surance. 1t is in favor of the Hoover stagger
plan, and the permanent lowering of the living
standards OF the workers. The A. F. of L. sup
ports the Hoover program of war preparations
and battleshipS under the guise of q public
works program The socialist party program is
the same as that of the democratic party and
republican progressives. 1t supports the Hoover
program of the stagger plan under the g1ise
of the shorter work day 1t fights against d
genuine unemployment insurance by supporting
an unemployment insurance bill which limits
the payments to few weeks in the year. keeps
the workers down to the starvation level dis
eliminates against large numbers of the un-
employed and contributions to be made bv the
workers as well as the entire administration to
be in the hands of the bosses government. The
Musteites stand on the same platform as the
socialist party
| 1t is necessary to unmask all these proposals
of the republican,. democratic and socialist par
ties, and the A. F. of L., and all kinds of pro-
gressives This can only be achieved by un.
masking the politicians, and bosses agents on
the basis of concrete facts and through the or
ganization of the masses for struggle for our
demands for immediate relief and unemploy-
ment insurance 1t is necessary to show the
difference between our proposals for unemploy-
ment insurance, for all workers, amounting to
full wages and to be administered by the work
ers. as against all the fake proposals. We must
prove to Che workers through their experience
in struggle, that only through mass struggles
can they force the enactment of genuine un-
employment insurance bill, and other conces-
sions.-From Plenum Unemployment Resolu-
ton, published in full in october II "Commu-
mist"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-10-08
The Tactics OF Class Against Class

Democratic bureaucrats who are in the service
of capital and its state For example one of the
Plenums of the Norwegian Central Committee
stated
"The Labor Party is the leading Party of
capitalism, not only from political point of
view but from the point of view of its social
composition"
Such tactical line is wrong and only leads
to complete separation from the Social Demo-
cratic working class At the same time it reveals
a sectarian attitude towards the non-Party
working masses. This is the line of despair,
passvity, a product of the sterilization period,
and has nothing in common with Leninisin.
1t is one of the causes why exposure of Social
Democracy by Communists does not bring about
the required effect on the masses who support
it. The masses instinctively feels the super
smplification of this line which does not cor
respond to reality. 1t is not true to say that
there is not internal friction among the bour-
geois classes Gncluding the Social Democrats as
a bourgeois party in its policy. The very rise
of fascism is due to the friction that does exist
as one of the elements of the maturing crisis on
the upper ranks. The buorgeois classes and
their Parties are united only on the question of
fighting the working class or the movement of
the toiling masses in general. To think that
reaction is united all along the line, from the
financial oligarchy down to the Social Demo-
cratic worker, in reality, means accepting the
theory of organized capitalism" which can be
overcome in all its internal contradictions. This
would not be applying the class-ageinst-
tactics but the tactics of isolating the Com
munists from the working class The practical
harmfuness from this line is that it signifies
rejection of the genuine exposure of Social
Democracy and a refusal to work for winning
over the Social Democratic workers.
Fourthly, the class against-class tactics is di-
rected against the theory of 'the lesser evil" by
means of which, by playing on the spectre OF
reaction" Social Democracy deceives the masses.
From day to day the social Democrats assure the
workers that they are supporting the Bruening
government because it is the lesser evil, COM
pared with the Hitler government which might
replace it, The English Left" Independent La
Dor Party calls on the workers to support the
Labor Government because it is better than the
Conservative government, etc. In many cases,
the Communists have not shown the masses
clearly and concretey why Social Democracy is
not the lesser evil. 1t is not that it is worse"
than the Fascists or "just bad as the Fascists
but it is the main obstacle to the mobihzalon
OF the masses for the struggle against the dc
tatorship of the bourgeoisie in all its forms, be-
cause it is the main social support of the
boz ~eo'cie
All the experience of the international Social
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1931-10-08
On the Carrying Out of the
18th Plenum Decisions
SOME PROBLEMS I'M QUIZ UNEMPLOYED WORK

In connection with the TUUL we cannot com
plain that the TUUL has given too much guild
ance. On the contrary, it has not given enough
But at the same time we must not view the
question from the viewpoint of formal affilia-
tons, but from the viewpoint of our support, of
our understanding and knowledge, of our guild
ance through past activity, from the viewpoint
of adherents of the TUUL and revolutionary OPP
positions in the old unions. We must learn to
lead the unions, not with a strong hand
mechanically but through work and political
guidance.
In this way we will be able TO establish
united front of the unemployed workers and
build organizations. Without this our Or
ganization will be very narrow. This does not
mean that we must sacken down in recruiting
unemployed workers into our unions. On the
contrary, we have not yet begun to recruit these
unemployed workers into the revolutionary
unions.
From Comrade Stachels report on unem-
ployment at the last Plenum)