davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Manchuria, the Bone of Contention
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.
defense against the marauding Manchus

defense against the narauding Manchus
Of the north.
It Is q far cry. in terms of civiliza-
ton, from the war lords of only yester-
day to the Manchurian business man
and farmer Of today. 1t is little wonder
that the modern Manchurian continues
TO show outcroppings of the native bel
ligerence OF his breeding Indeed, such
metamorphoSiS into a producer as has
taken place has been brought about to
no small extent by the Japanese. The
presence of the Japanese in Chosen.
with only land border between, has
meant an inevitable infiltration of the
Islanders into Manchuria. Their extra
ordinary diligence and skill in produc-
ton have made themselves felt.
The greatest single exploit OF the
Japanese has been the construction of
the South Manchurian Railway. This
line. although constructed through a
land almost medieval in aspect, is re-
garded as one of the finest in the world.
II Is equipped with the finest and most
modern rolling stock and normally
makes large sums of money. Naturally
the existence of the line has stimulated
agricultural production adjacent to it
and thereby created the freight which
gives 1t business.
Other Railways Serve Country.
Then. too. the Chinese Eastern Rail-
way, the line constructed by Joint action
OF China and Russia, penetrates the
country. This line two years ago
brought Soviet Russia and China to the
brink of war. In fact, there were some
minor armed clashes, but the differences
were settled for the time being The
dispute arose over the management of
the line. There had been no difficulty
so long as the old Czarist government
of Russia managed the Russian interest,
but China regarded the Soviet manage
ment as too pushing and aggressive.
The Chinese charged that the Russians
were trying to jockey them out Of their
rights.
In addition several lines Of Chinese
government railway traverse sections OF
Manchuria, so the province has made a
good start toward fuller economic de-
velopment.
In 1929 Manchuria was prosperous
in q high degree. Since then the de-
preston which has gripped the rest
of the world has worked damage to
Manchuria too, but not as heavy dam
age as to other countries. In spite OF
heavy losses. Manchuria still has ia
vorable balance of trade. In 1929
$163, 448, 900, in 1880 it had fallen to
$127, 400, 900 and in the first six months
of 1881 has mounted to $T9, 100000.
The favorable trade balance of S29.-
7S5, 900, noted in 1881 thus far, shows
how healthy the trade Is even in its
diminished volume.
A principal dificulty with Man.
churian trade Is declared to be high
railroad rates. While the prices Of
her crops have declinedy~the hxed rail-
way tariffs have remained static and
constitute too, great q percentage of
the total value of crops. In conse-
quence many growers have abandoned
use of the railways and have taken to
their carts again, hauling their wheat
and beans and driving their cattle over
all but impossible trails. which cannot
be dignified with the term roads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Stern and Quick Justice.

A refreshing example Of stern jus
tice promptly administered is found In
the case Of the four kidnaperS who COL
lected fifty thousand dollars from relatives
Of young New York broker whom they
had spirited away and held under guard
In August. That O sentence of sixty
years was given to each Of the
four men is especially praiseworthy, as
it will undoubtedly act as a deterrent
to others OF their ilk who might decide
to engage in the kidnapping racket. but
more important than that was the at
titude Of the court toward the usual
appeals by defense attorneys. A three
week stay Of sentence was urged by one
Of the lawyers in behalf Of his client.
NO." snapped the Judge. ''Well, will
your honor give my chent q week in
which to arrange his affairs9" persisted
the attorney. mot q minute" replied
the court. and the prisoners were i'm
mediately hustled OF to jail.
II more cases were conducted along
these lines criminals would soon learn
to have q real fear Of the law. At
present the American legal machinery
is 50 cumbersome that denizen Of the
underworld knows that II he is arrested
and secures q good lawyer he stands q
chance Of escaping conviction entirely,
or, II he Is convicted, Of delaying for
months or years the serving Of his SEN
tence. The Capone brothers In Chicago
are an illustration Of this condition.
II more courts would adopt . hard
boiled" attitude justice would not suffer,
but the prisoners would, which, after all,
is the object of punishment for crime.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Turning the Corner.

Charles NJ. Schwab, chairman OF the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, address
ing the fortieth general meeting of the
American Iron and Steel Institute in
New York on Friday, declared that he
could speak much more cheerfully re-
garding the outlook for business in this
country than would have been reason
able a month ago because OF the i'm
provement in the credit structure
brought about by President Hoover and
the leading bankers. Fear, he>said, has
been lessened; there Will be no collapse;
the sources OF credit have been moSi-
lied, and we shall pull through
This optimistic talk comes from one
who has not as a rule been given to
"whisthng in a graveyard There are
signs OF betterment in the general sit
uation that others than Mr.. Schwa3
recognize and verify by their own judg-
ment. The prevailing feeling among
those who hold positions Of the highest
responsibility in American finance and
industry appears to be one OF conf
dence that the corner has been turned.
Mr.. Schwab prescribed as follows
four-fold remedy for the ills from which
the country has been suffering for the
past two years and from which 1t is
still in distress:
The steps which must be taken
toward Improvement are: A better
financial structure, which, is now under
way; a liquidation of extravagances in
business, including prices. which has
already taken place In most lines to an
abnormal extent: a reduction in the
cost OF government, which is borne by
industry and the people. and rigorous,
enterprising attitude on the part OF
industry.
In respect to the item of govern
mental costs Mr.. Schwab cited large
round figures. The expense Of local
administrations, he said, runs close to
ten billions of dollars year, or more
than double the Federal governments
outlay. He said:
II a wasteful structure Is erected, We
nay the bill In the long run. There is
the waste Of racketeering, the waste OF
countless bureaus, the extravagance OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Tert: "FeAr tembIed, Acts.

Tert: "FeAr trembled. Acts,
rriu.25.
A corrupt ruler. whose conscience had
atrophied, was sitting In Judgment upon
one whose extraordinary gifts as q
teacher end preacher had given him
fame and distinction. The prisoner
had for many years been a zealot in the
cause that had engaged his every talent
He had been in bitter opposition to the
new Teacher from Nazareth and had
prosecuted those who adhered to His
way of life. AT length he, himself, had
fallen under the spell Of this Master.
and once having accepted Him as his
Great Teacher, he threw himself with
enthusiasm and zeal into the new cause.
His changed habit had brought down
upon him the stern condemnation OF
those he had formerly served. They
had bitterly denounced him, and at
length they had hailed him before petty
Roman governors, hoping thereby to
silence him and eventually bring him
to execution. AS Roman citizen and
a man of rare intellectual gifts, he had
refused to obey the mandate Of the
lower court, making his appeal to
Caesar.
In the present instance. as recorded
in the twenty fourth chapter Of the
brought before Felix, a provincial gov
ernoT. Felix had heard much Of the
genius Of his prisoner and was anxious
to know something Of his eloquence.
The several defenses put forth by Paul,
the apostle, constitute IN themselves
gems Of oratory, notably his defense
before Agrippa, as recorded in the
twenty-sixth chapter Of the Acts. wThe
grace with which on repeated occasions
this notable prisoner addressed his
judges diScloses his excening gifts. OF
Felix II was said that he had more
perfect knowledge of that way" and
that he had curiosity to see and hear
the intellectual prisoner. OF him it is
written, After certain days, when Felix
came with his wife Drusilla, which was
a JeweSs, he sent for Paul and heard
him concerning the faith in Christ"
Little did this petty ruler think that
this hearing was to mark an epoch In
his life. The record reads that when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

Manchuria, the bone Of contention
between China and Japan in the Fal
East. Is q land which, after centuries
of turbulent military history. presses
now for attention because Of its rich
economic potentialities. Through tho
long years Of a half-legendary past
Manchuria has been synonymous with
terrific struggle between groups OF
jewellers led by the most recent sur
vivals of Oriental feudaliSm, the
Manchu war lords
Occupying a rich land, the Manchu-
rians up until comparatively short time
ago did little but raise cattle and sheep
and scrape from the soil only such
crops as serve to feed a populaee much
smaller than that Of other provinces
of China. That is, they did little ex-
cept for almost inceSsant fighting. The
soil of Manchuria actually is rich and
although the climate is too dry for a
wide variety OF crops. considerable grain
is produced. The great crop of the last
two or three decades. however, has been
soy beans. These legumes, rich in a
valuable oil, now constitute the main
agricultural produce OF the country
Shipments Of soy beans and soy bean oil
through the single port Of Darten last
year reached the large total of $50 900,
600 In value.
In the past the turbulence OF the
ManchuriaB has retarded anything
like full development Of the resources
OF the province. The population ur
until decade ago amounted to no more
than 100000, but a fraction of what
could be supported. In the last lC
years there has been an influx Of Rus
SLAMS, OF Chinese from the south and
central provinces. and Of Japanese
Compared with other sections of China
Manchuria may be regarded as sparsely
settled.
The large increase in population in
the narrow isles OF Japan has caused
the japanese to look with longing eyes
across the Sea of Japan and the yell
low Sea to the wide and fertile stretches
OF Manchuria. AS sequel to the
Russo-Japanese War, Japan has come
into possession of the once Independent
kingdom of Korea and this territory
she mas exploited freely, adding greatly
70 It's value and furnishing an outlet
Tor her straining population.
Japan Gains FoOthOld
But Korea-or Chosen, as 1t Is now
calle0 Dy the JapaneSe-iS but q foot
mold on the Asiatic mainland. The
overcrowded Japanese look Rreedily
upon the broad expanse Of Manchuria,
much OF which still ID practically
fallow.
The habit of turbulence cannot be
thrown of in a generation after 1t has
persisted for centuries. The people still
are quick to blaze into contest, and
during the last Is years Of almost con-
slant civil war all over China, Man
churia has been one of the chief seats
Of war. This has not made for the
most rapid economic improvement, al
though much has been done.
this Manchuria Is the very country
against which old China erected the
Great Wall, still one of the wonders Of
the world. The wall ran from an arm
of the Yellow Sea westward to form q
southern border of Manchuria and q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

administration. II was human nature
10 have this extravaganza when the
whole country was in the same boat.
But we are down to hard pan now.
Every business man and every industry
is called upon to work with the local
authorities in readjustment Of local
budgets.
Defenders of high government ex-
penditures, both national and local,
contend that such expenditures are to
be regarded as a means Of putting
money into circulation" and Of giving
employment to people. Governmental
expenditures, however, do not create
wealth, save in a very small percentage
through the construction Of buildings
and battleships. The employment az
forded is but trifle compared to that
which would be the effect of shifting
perhaps half of these costs-which
come from the peoples pockets through
taxation-into the channels of industry
and trade. To urge that relief from
and heavy increases in government
costs is to advocate the state OF society
in which the people Of a community
support themselves by taking in each
others washing.
Economies of government adninistra-
ton, both local and national, are not to
be considered as merely emergency
measures. They are fundamental ne
cessities for the economic health Of the
country. The evil in the enormous
local budgets, mounting to ten billions
at q conservative estimate. lies in the
waste and graft that cannot be denied
and that tend to enrich a comparative
few at the expense Of the multitude.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Experts Discuss
Personal Finance
BY HARDEN CoLFAx.

Concerted efforts by governmental
and private agencies to Improve and
extend facilities for personal credit are
becoming the order of the day At
the Seventeenth Annual Convention of
the American Association of Personal
Finance Companies here last week the
entire subject of personal finance was
discussed by experts.
The purpose of the gathering was
stated to be: ITO increase the capac-
itY of personal finance, within rational
bounds, to extend wider and more en-
nghtened credit service to the Ameri-
can family" such topics as "Discov-
ering the Consumer" and Measuring
Consumer Credit" were the main fea-
lures Of the program.
X X 4
While we are doing a great MANY
different things TO reduce wastes and
to lower costs, the new tendency now
most noticeable among business men
Is to seek "a clearer recognition of the
necessity to ind out consumer needs. F"
Celebrating on this point, DR.. Frank
M. Surface. in charge of domestic COM
merce in the Department of Commerce.
ventured the suggestion that, while
in past periods 1t was stated that the
discovery of the automobile or the
radio had lifted us out Of q depression,
perhaps the discovery of the consumer
would lift US out of our present dim
culties."
Once having discovered" the con-
sumner and having realized that mass
production is impossible without mass
consumption, business is beginning to
learn that the consumer must be
financed. W. Frank Persons, executive
vice president of the association, told
the gathering that today all the vari-
Gus agencies Of consumer credit COM
bined in this country provide flnan-
cial resources for the buying public
aggregating $4,000, 00O, 900. They ex-
tend personal credit TO millions Of
American families in q total sum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
SHOOTING STARS.
By PHMANDER JOHNSON.
The Student.

The Student.
To books the schoolboy must return
He says, i've got lot to learn"
A few years hence he'll make his bow
And say, "I am enlightened now!"
Later he'll seek new things to md
That benefit the public mind,
Or seek the profit one man makes
BY studying many mems mistakes.
The mystery Is never through.
Each problem solved brings problems
new
And when LIES end he must discern,
He signs, There still Is much to learn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
The British Election.

On Tuesday, at the end Of an I'M
commonly hectic and bitter campaign,
British voters will go to the polls and
elect a new House of Commons. The
national government, headed by Ram
say Macdonald, Is expected to emerge
victorious, with q majority Of at least
100 combined Conservative, Liberal and
National Labor members over the forces
Of the opposition Labor party.
The size Of the margin with which
Prime Minister Macdonald, If returned
to power, will have to work depends
upon the conduct Of the Liberals at the
polls on october q. AS the fight
tapers to q finish, there are signs Of q
growing inclination by Lloyd Georges
cohorts to vote for Labor candidates in
the constituencies where no Liberals
are running. Word has gone out that
Liberals should support Labor and free
trade rather than vote for the national
government and risk Q Conservative
protective tariff.
In the superheated atmosphere In
which Britain's campaign of three
weeks has been waged the possibilities
of an upset, not apparently anticipated
by the national government, cannot be
left out Of account. with Ramsay
Macdonald denounced UP and down
the land as q traitor; with the Con-
servatives and Liberals charging that q
Labor victory would destroy interna-
tional confidence in Great Britain and
send the pound sterling the way of the
mark and the ruble; with unemploy-
ufent unabated and bread riots of fire.
quent recurrence-amid such conditions
as these the British polls this week may
well prove to be the arena Of surprises.
Not in our own time will ballots in the
United Kingdom have been cast in more
inealculable circumstances.
The Laborttes, led by MacDonald's
late chief of star, Arthur Henderson,
have not improved their chances Of
carrying the country by the aimlessness
of their attack. They are prolific in
criticism and invective, but impover-
ished Of remedial or constructive pro-
grams. They heckle Mr.. Macdonald
at his meetings, indict him for disloy-
atty to the Labor party and pirate of
their own patriotism, without indicat-
ing those particular and essentially
practical directions 1t must take II
Great Britain Is to be rescued from a
perilouS situationi
MIR. Macdonald, who has conducted
a brilliant and courageous contest In the
teeth Of unprecedented difficulties and
at great personal distress, appeals to
the voters to sustain the national gov
eminent in the grim emergency with
which it was called to grapple. The old
Labor chieftain does not ask an In
definite lease Of power for the coalition
regime. On the contrary, he pledges
that 1t would be only as long-lived as
confronts. These surmounted, Mr.. Mac
Donald promises politics as usual in
John Bulls island-a return TO the old
party SYSTEM and another general cleo
ton. Then, he also foreshadows, he
will resume his place as q Socialist In
the partisan fighting line. For the
urgent purposes OF the present, he Is a
Briton, and not Laborite.
Begging pardon for even the SEM
blance Of an intrusion upon another
countryS own politics, Uncle Sam
wishes Ramsay Macdonald and-the ma
tional government good hunting on
Tuesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25
Launching a Great Enterprise.

TIE National Symphony Orchestra
has successfully negotiated some Of the
more diflcult preludeS, raising Of the
guarantee fund. selection Of musi-
clans. proper arrangements with the
union. engagement of adequate quarters
for rehearsal and concert and. what is
Of uthost Importance acquisition of a
. conductor whose artistic and executive
capacities seem to be all that is desired.
And on Monday, November 2, 1t is to
begin q season OF concerts that will
write success or failure for Americas
twelfth and latest major symphonic en-
semble.
A great deal win depend upon. the
musicians, Of course. As much, II not
more. win depend upon Washing
toms support Of an endeavor that
SHOULD appeal to the highest Of the va
rious @ements that 60 TO make up civic
pride and loyalty to the community.
A resident major symphony orchestra
Is one of the finest possessions any city
can boast. And In launching the Ma
tional Symphony Orchestra, Washington
joins list Of eleven select cities that
have accomplished a task as praise
worthy Is 1t 10 difacult.
How Hiflcult such an undertaking Is
can be understood from knowledge Of
the faat that In ninety years there have
been emily twelve such orchestras
launched with any degree of success.
The pioneer among them, the New York
Philharmonic Orchestra, was founded
in 1912. the same year that marked the
establishment Of the Vienna symphony
Orchestra. Thirty-Six years later the
New York Symphony = Orchestra was
founded, but lapsed. and in 1928 the two
New York organisations were wisely
merged as the New York Philharmonic
Symphony Orchestra. In the meantime,
in 1881, Boston founded an orches-
ira that has become deservedly IA
NOUS; nine years later the Chicago or
chAstra was born, and in 1898 Cincin-
natl gave evidence Of the spread Of cul-
ture Westward by founding the fourth
major symphony group in the United
States. st
Since 1900 the establishment Of major
symphony orchestras has been more
rapid. Philadelphia began its orchestra
that year, to be followed at intervals
by Minneapolis. st. Louis. San Fran
cisco. Detroit Cleveland and Los An
geles Washington now takes its place
properly at the foot of the list, but with
exceptional opportunity to climb in
public esteem and national renown to-
ward the top. It's inclusion in the group
Of cities that have major symphony
orchestras might be termed conditional.
It now fulflls the unwritten qualiflca-
tons Is TO size Of the orchestra. 1t
must demonstrate by sustained perform
ance the ability Of its director and Of
its musicians
Other musical ventures, here and
elsewhere, have been undertaken, only
to fall by the wayside under the weight
Of burdens, financial and otherwise.
But none, here, at any rate, has been
launched under such suspicious cir
cumstanceS as to financial support, ca
pable management and inherent skill Ct
the ensemble. Long may your baton
wave, Maestro Kindlerl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

across the cash room to Mr.. wymans
ONCE and Immediately, like Gaspard,
began to count his ducats. Lieut.. Eek
loh was sent for, and when the aged
man had finished his count and was
satisfied that he had not been cheated,
he was taken to the police station and
his wealth properly taken care OF. He
will not be allowed to 60 abroad with
his money until his friends or relatives
come to take care of him. The old
gentleman, who is well dressed, says
that when he bought the bonds, he
demands that they should be repaid IN
the same coin"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1931-10-25

BY making loans easier to obtain. 1t
will be possible to help the man who
puts something by for a rainy day and
ands that IN addition to ordinary In
clemency there has been a drop in the
temperature that left him with frozen
assets