New Britain herald., 1930-01-31
JUAN bAT0R HOTO
 NATIONS CAPITAL
AoDsolian City Renamed by SOVietS in Heroes Honor

SoVietS in Heroes Honor l Washington. D. C.. Jan. 31.- i Where is Ulan Bator Hoto, capital l of one of the six largest republics i'll the world? The telegraph and cable may lose the last Of the three terms. so that in newspaper date lines the city is likely 10 mako it's infrequeut ap- pcarances .&s "UIan Bator." X rn- cent dispatch from this lttl4-ANoNu city related that the estates Of .or- hcr princes and nonlomrn Of ta, 'Peoplc's Republic O. Mongolia had been confiscatcd bg h. govcIH- nIent and apportioned among col iectivc farms operated hy peasants. \ bulletin from the Washington. D. C. headquarters O. the National Geographic society tells of this re- mote capital and the country O which it is the seat Of government. Has Had Tangled Political situation
 "Ulan Bator Hoto-'City Of the
 
 for trea. which the geography textbooks Of a few years ago ideuti- fled as tho administrative seat of d Chinese statc.' says the bulletin. 'The new name was adopted in 11@4, when the republic Was coa- soiidatin- it's incdopcndcncc. d,c'ar- ed in 1921.
 In. .7 snch a tangled political situation as Mongolia has had since 1911 when the Chinese Empire collapsed" the bulletin continues. "TrCa vas the residence Of one O. the three most important Living Buddhas' ot th" Lamaistic world, and the govern mcnt vas. in effect, d thcocracy un- der Chinese control. When the Chi nese Emperor lost his throne in 1911. the Mongol princes and I.amas expelled the Chinese officials, de- Clared their country 10 bt autono- nous. and set up an arrangement by which the Living Buddhu' be- Came both king and national god
 The influences of the Russian
 
 ent Mongolia for q time, but with the progress Of the World War Mon golia was left without this source ol assistance, and in 1919 China again took possession. Refugee White Russians assembled in Siberia follow ing the Bolshcvik Revolution. and in 1920 and 1921 drove the Chinese from Mongolia and set up state under Russian influence. By the end Of 1921 Soviet armies had driy- en both White Russians and Chinese from Mongolia and the Living BHddha' was again the nominal rul- CT In 1924 the Living Buddha' dlrd, and the 'Mongolian Peoples Eepublic' was proclaimed
 Has No President
 'It i. a republic without a prc~i- d1nt- the supreme authority resting m parliament of 190 elected mcm- hers. This parliament Or Great HlruIdan, chooses 90 ot is mom- bers to form the Small Huruldan which normally acts while the larger body is in recess. The Small Huruldan iii turn selects five Of is members 10 form q permanent Presidiun1. This government con- cerns itself not with the whole of the territory Of the old Mongolian state, but only with that part Of it that was formerly calltd Outer Mongolia, lying north of the middle or the Gobi Desert. Inner Mongolia. the strip about 500 miles wide. ly- ing next to- China proper, is rccog- nlzed as an integral part of China.
 Little comes to the outside world in regard to the operations of the Mongolian government, but 1t is believed to be coming more and more under the influences of such a trend was the report that the estates Of nobIes, valued at approAi- mately s4,000,000, had been con- fiscated for the benefit Of collecEve- ly operated peasant farms
 The trade Of the country was in the past chiefly with China by means of horse-drawn carts and camel caravans from Urga. But Ulan Bator Hoto looks more to the north, and both exports and imports move increasingly between Mongolia and Trans Siberian railway towns.
 ''The Republic of Mongolia has sn area of more than a million and 9. quarter square miles. It's pOpula- non is estimated 10 be less than one million, made up roughly Of three quarters of a million MOngos and 1o0,0 foreigners mostly Russians There arc said to bc fewer than 1o.- GOO Chinese in the Republic now.
 Great stock Raising Region
 The people have never engaged Tn agriculture or industry. but havc devoted themselves to stock raising But for primitive methods Mon Coia might become the world $ greatest source Of livestock prod nets. The animals have never been protected in winter or fed from hay and grain laid lip during the milo half of the year. They must shltt for themselves the year round. Sc severe are the winters that some animals perish. Tn spite of thcSt heavy loses. however, there are ir Mongolia more than a quarter mil. lion Camels, million and q thirl horses, q million and a half cattle and between ten and eleven million sheep and goats. The principal eN ports are live animals, wool Camel'' hair, milk products, and hides anC furs.
 North of the Gobi are vast plain: covered in summer with suCculon grasses. It is there that the grea herds of domestic and wild animal! roam-wild horses wild donkeys and antelope. Further to the north