davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Seward daily gateway., 1930-06-06
4o. .ooo FEET ALTITUDE

DAYTON, June 6, (P-Commer- cial airplanes operating over regu- iation routes and travelling for long distances, will in the near future, travel at attitudes of from 10000 feet and upwards, aided by special super-chargers, now being perfect ed.
Seward daily gateway., 1930-06-06

Try the Alaska Shop CHOCO- LATE ICE CREAM.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28

As long ago as the sixteenth century
plant growers pondered on sources OF
nutrients for plants. A certain in-
vestiRator, Van Helmont, planted .
willow cutting weighing 5 pounds In 4
box containing 400 pounds Of soil. Five
years later the resulting tree weighed
l64 pounds and the soil had lost only
ounces in weight. Van HeImont con-
cluded that the accretion in weight
came from the water added to the soil
for he did not know that the new sub
stance had been formed in the leaves
from carbon dioxide and water under
the beneficent action OF sunlight.
This same principle of nutrient lorna
ton Is what makes cover crops valuable
4 few pounds Of seed, q few pounds of
fertilizer applied at planting to help
early growth, and one has many. MANY
pounds of plant material for use as
potential fertilizer for regular garden
plants. Cover crops are the real poor
mans fertilizer. supplying not only
potential nutrients, but also that elusive
substance, humus, which makes for good
soil texture, sturdy root growth and
sustained fertility.
Ordinarily crimson clover makes an
excellent cover crop, but this year it has
been too dry to start and maintain the
young plants. Rye or wheat planted
now viii benefit by the first rains and
make a stand very quickly and richly
reward the gardener.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
PUBLIC LIBRARY

Recent accessions to the Public
Library and lists of recommended read
ing will appear in this column every
Sunday.
Education.
De vineau, C. e. Bishop Dupanloup's
Philosophy Of Education. IK-D4s.
Finney, r. L. A Sociological Philosophy
Of Education, IK-F4S6s.
Horn, j. L. Principles OF Elementary
Education. IKH-H7Sp.
Johnson, M 4; The Dean in the High
School IU83-J62.
knight, =. w. Education In the United
States. IK8a-K74.
O'Hara, J. H. The limitations Of the
Eduestional Theory Of John Dewey.
IK-oh IL.
international Cooperation.
Bowman, Isaiah. International Rela-
tons tRef,, does not circulatA)
Hill II {. The Public international
Randall. ). II. a World Community.
JB-R lSv.
Rampage, W. Z. Uniting Europe. JxAR-
= ls7u.
salssmanship,
Aspley, J. @. Tips from q Thousand
SaleSmen. HKF-Aseet.
Rrsasch, w. K. The Essentials of
Pleasing Personality, HKF-R72e.
Ferris, q. e. Salesmanship. HKFF4l4sa
Thomas, p. =. Sales Engineering. HKF-
T36s.
Walters, r. G. Fundamentals Of Sales
msnship. HKF-W l7sf.
History.
Lunt w. e. History of England. 1928.
F45-L97.
Russell, Q, 3. charlemagns, First of
the Moderns. F3915-R9I.
Sheppard, Albert, and Morris, j. s. Out
line of History . " F-Sh4e.
Wiegler, Paul. The inf1del Emperor and
His Struggles Against the Pope.
F4726-W63E.
ziegler, D. r. Israel: Past, Present.
Future. F61-Z64.
Student Activities.
Hayes w. J. Some Factors Influencing
Participation in Voluntary School
Group Activities. IRV-H32s.
Mekown, H. 6. School Clubs. IRv-
N1ilIard, c. v. The ORGANIZATION and
Administration Of Extra curricular
Activities. IRV-M61.
othsr Books of Interest.
5irksnhead, F. E. S., First Earl Of The
World, in 2030 AID. FE-B53w.
Fuller, r. T. Walk, Look and Listen!
sign sign Pests H v on Haturansts High
Joerg, WI. G. The Work of the Byrd
Antarctic Expedition, 1s2s-1s30.
G149-J5e.
Madigan, T. F. Word Shadows of the
Great; the Lure of Autograph Col
lecting. zGS-M26W.
Murphy, G. J. v. Parachute. S1D-M95.
Shepard, Odell The Lore of the Uni
corn. BUB-Sh47.
Ttiney, Frederick. The Master of Das-
tiny; q Biography of the Brain.
MW-T46m.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
SOIL REACTION.

Generally speaking, the home gar
dener Is chiefly concerned with fertility
and moisture content of the soil and
spends but little thought as to whether
1t is acid. alkaline or neutral. Quite
fortunately a large proportion of oul
cultivated plants, both eSculentS and
ornamentals, are not closely limited by
the soil reaction. Yet there are certain
plants which cannot thrive, no matter
now rich the SOIL If the acidity condi-
ton Is unfavorable.
DR.. Edgar T. Wherry of the United
States Department of Agriculture has
perhaps done more work upon the
acioity requirements OF ornamental
plants than any other investigator
Among plants that DR.. Wherry advises
require q distinctly acid soil are the
ezaiea, towering doewood, rhododen-
oron, lily OF the valley, trailing arbutus
Hlngeu bleeding heart and mountain
phlox. If home gardeners have thes.
plants and find that they are not pros
pering properly there is quite q chance
that the soil reaction is not favorable
Certain acid fertilizers such as am
monlum sulphate. maye be used to
modify soil reaction toward the acid
direction, and mulcheS of leaf litter
VIII also tend to promote acidity. DIR,
Wherry advises the use Of litnus uaner
which may be obtained at drug stores.
As measure of the acid relation al
the soil. The old thought that sorrel
and moss were certain evidences Of ar
acid condition of the soil is erroneous
according to Dr.. Wherry, but may SIM
ply indicate low fertility.
A lev years ago every home gardener
Thought 1t necessary to lime the lawn
neav1y at frequent intervals. This
treatment has been found to er,courare
unoeslranle grasses, such as crab grass.
ana such weeds as plantain, and Is no
longer recommended by lawn specialists.
IN iact, the Department Of AeTiculture
SoVlSes against the use of lime o,,
lawns and even recommends as fer
sAiizer mixture of eottonseed meal and
ammonium sulphate. -'--s-
fortunately the acidity problem ~
tne 1rult and vegetable garden Is not -
acute. Only q few Of the veReta HES
namely, spinach, beets and onions r..
Spono strongly to applications az lin,e
ehQ none OF the fruit trees apnears y
nave any special requirements. linn
- however, useful in the garden from
another viewpoint, that OF iI1lproviro
texture OF the soil, but where one in
TENDS to grow any of the ornanentaJs
mentioned above it is necessarv ~
Wltnnolo lime. Our local soils are nn,ts
generally acid, so that need Of adam
aclo supplying chemicals Is not ae5,eral
except where lime may have beer in
eqVertently added from scattered NOR.
w or other calcium carrying ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
VEGETABLES.

Ameng vegetables greatly improved
by exclusion OF. strong light during the
maturing stage are celery, caulifover
endive and chicory. The two latter are
so exceedingly bitter in flavor when un-
blanched as to be quite inedible. Celery
Is tough and stringy If unblanched and
except in the case of the so-called self
punching verieties, rather bitter. Cauli-
flower does not take on that delightful
clear white color unless blanched, and
the heads are more apt to be split into
snlan segmsnts, giving an undesirable
appearance.
just when gardeners first learned to
handle these crops IS not known, but
blanching Is certainly now q universal
practice, being carried out wherever
these species Of vegetables are grown,
A comparison Of the flavor of green,
unblanched chicory leaves with that OF
the hlanched heads will reveal an as
founding difference brought about by
light exclusion. The blanched product.
known often IS French endive, has a
delightful favor, with just q tang of
bitterness, while the green leaves are In
tensely bitter and disaereeable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
ELECTION TUBES CLAIM
$1,137,000, 900 MARKET
Figures on Huge Industry Com
piled by Former Radio
Commissioner.

An idea Of the magnitude and rsmi-
fications of the market that has de-
veloped around the electron tube-the
same tube that is used in modern radio
receiving SetS-tS given In statistics
furnished by o. H. Caldwell, the former
Federal radio commissioner, now editor
OF Electronics. Electron tube Indus
nual market Of $l,137,O goo, 900.
On the basis Of . $500, oeo-set turn
over, the radio set business alone
amounts to $4oS Gee zoo . year. RE-
ceiving set tubes sell In the amount
OF $1s1 ,000, 00e, while broadcast and
industrial tubes represent 93o 900 ,O00.
Also using the electron tube and its
circuit for control, adjudication, racti-
fication and oscillation generation of
radio, sound and light waves are:
The, $l50,000, 600 market in $4,000
theaters and 80 sound recording studios
in the United States and the &c. 600
theaters abroad 95 per cent of which
remain 70 be wired for sound: the
$3.50, Q0Q,0 900 market in new audio and
pubic address systems, automatic mu-
steal Instruments, radio-phonosraph
combinations and their maintena nee !;
tne $40, goo zoe market in telephone and
telegraph repesters, aviation radio sys-
TENS, Army and Navy systems, carrier
current systems, etc, and the $780,
100000 market in miscellaneous ma.
chine control, elevstor leveling, sorting,
countin9, alarm systems, X-rays, neon
and glow tubes, etc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
THE HOME GARDENER
PEACH BoRERs.

It would be safe to assert that most
OF the peach trees that die in local
home gardens are killed hy borerS and
not by old age. In this region the borer
y the most lnsidious enemy of the peach,
and working as the insect does In the
inner tissues of the trunk and root
crown, its presence may not be even
suspected by the home gardener until
the tree begins to yellow and weaken.
Spraying is of no avail because of the
insects habit of feeding beneath the
bark and not emerging until mature
Enterprising enton1ologists found that
q gas treatment was highly effective.
penetrating the burrows of the insects
and destroying the pest completely.
fortunately the whole procedure Of
treating peach trees Is very simple and
without hazard TO the tree owner. To-
Gays Illustration shows quite clearly
how the work is done. A crystalline
substance. bearing the name of para
acknowledgements, Is placed in a ring
about the trunk, taking care that none
comes directly In touch with the bark
and also that none IS more than three
Inches distant. To insure satisfactory
tree should be first cleared Of weeds
or grass Following the application, the
chemical should Be covered with two
70 three inches of soil banked right up
to the tree itself.
The amount of material needed differs
somewhat with the age of the tree
ranging from one-half ounce for trees
IN thsir second year in the orchard to
one and half ounces for large trees.
Generally speaking. it is not reccm-
Mended to treat newly set t-ses unless
hv excretions of gum and saw6ust about
tne base they show serious injury
October is an excellent month to
treat peach trees for the borar. The
chemical may be obtained from the
larger garden supply houses about the
city since the treatment has losg since
passed the experimental stage and IS
followed very assiduously by commercial
peach growers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
PLANT NUTRITION.

FOR many years it was believed that
only 10 elements were required to SUD-
ply plants with food These were car.
Don, nyorogen, oxygen, phoSuhorls
potassium, nitrogen, sulphur, calcium
Iron ana magnesium. AS time went
~ ano experimental methods became
more accurate, investigators in plant
nutrition found that this list was in
oomplee Certain other substances
were derived by the plants from i'm
purtties in the nutrient ri1ateriais nth.
l5eo or from the jars in which tire
pianIS were being grown. Some experi-
ments recently completed at the Uni
Versity OF Maryland with tomatoes
grown in glazed jars showed that boron
plants. vac
Strange to say, boron has long been
recognized as poison to plant life
ana actually did much harm during
the World War whsn home sources az
potassium were utilized yet ii seepo I
quite certain that rather infinitAsiraaa A
amounts OF boron ale needed for plant
growth. This same situation evidently
applies TO certain other of the lesser
elements, so that ct present no one
would De Justifisd in arbitrarily stating
Just what elements are or are not
needed for plant growth.
-. SHOWN, however, that from the
gardeners standpoint nitrogen and
phosphorus are generally the limiting
elements in our locality. Phosphorus
Is easily supplied by applications of
bone meal or of superphosphate or from
any good mixed fertilizer Nitrogen is
secured from bone meal, shssp manure
nitrate of soda and various other
sources
The local soils contain enough of the
less important nutrients to undoubtedly
supply plants for many years, especially
as some OF these substances are being
precipiated from the smoke of our cities
nevertheless, the thoughtful gardener
who likes TO look little deeper into the
why's and wherefores OF his plants well
fare VIII be Interested in this new
knowIeoge that Is being secured upon
the physiology of plant life. with n
fuller understanding OF how plants live
and grow, the gardener will be better
equipped 70 meet their needs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
Army ndNavy News

Mccormick (Aagship), Parrott. Edsall
MacLeish, simpsOn and Bulmer.
Army.
Ofhcers Of the Regular Army, who
have been placed on the retired list of
the military establishment as 2 result
of class B classification, under the pre-
visions Of section CAB of the NatiSnal
Defense Act, propose to seek congress
sional action TO remove the stigma
placed upon them by the act of June
81, 1880. At present, there are two
classes Of retired officers in the Army,
one in the Navy and one in the Marine
Corps, who get but 21a cent Of active
pay multiplied by the number of, COM
plete years OF commissioned service. In
the Navy and Marine Corps these ofa-
GERS were retired because of age-in-
grade, while in the Army one class
OF June 80 and September IA, 1922, and
the other section 24b of the National
Defense Act. In practically all four
classes, retirement was the result Of
efficiency reports
In the case Of an Army ofacer whose
classification results In his being placed
In class = and retired, he is retired at
once. In the Navy and Marine Corps
the retirement IN ase-in-grade allows
these otAcers TO continue on active duty
until they reach 9 certain age. This
firing on much less pay than ofacers
IN the other branches, and the ahorter
his years Of commissioned service the
greater becomes the difference.
Two boards Of Army engineer off,
GERS have been appointed by the chief
OF Engineers, one the shore protection
board and the other the beach erosion
board. Col. William j. harden, @. E.,
is the senior ofacer of the shore pro-
lection board. the other officers ON this
board being Col. Earl !. Brown, Lieut..
Col Elliott J. Dent and Mai Gordon
=. Young 81 engineer ofhcers. This
board was appointed to investigate and
report nn the subject of shore protec-
ton Of Federal property or problems
relating thereto at such localities as
may be designated by the chief of En-
gineers.
Col. Barden also heads the beach
erosion board which win be composed
OF the same ofacer personnel as that Of
tne shore protection board. The beach
erosion board, however. Is a board of
seven members, including the Army
engineer omcers above named and en-
gmeers OF State agencies charged with
beach erosion and shore protection. The
State representatives on the board are
Gen. Richard King Hale, state Of Mas
sachusettS; Mr.. Victor j. Geiineau Of
the New Jersey State Board of Com
merce and Navigation, and Mr.. Thorn
dixie Saville, chief Of Engineers Of the
Department Of Conservation and De-
Velopmsnt of North Carolina.
Student officers at the Army War
college and Army Industrial College,
both located in this city, will have lee
lures during the month Of October hy
Assistant Secretary Of War Frederick
H. Payne, who will discuss the duties
Of the Assistant Secretary OF War pre-
Scribed by the National Defense Act
and plans for executing them. THE
chief Of star, Gen. Charles p. Sum
neral, will discuss morale and leader
ship, while Maj. Gen. Ewing g. Booth,
the assistant chief of star, Ga, viii
lecture on the outstanding problems Of
the Ga division including nrenara
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28

vacancy In the efaeer personnel In the
I'd Fleet Division. Ensign Dyke has
been active In drilling With the local
organization since he came to WASH
ington.
William /. Windham, chief woman.
has been issued a permanent appoints
ment and assigned to the Sd Fleet
Division.
Ensign John r. Rowland, Fleet RE-
serve, has been transferred to the local
battalion from the 4th Naval District,
with headquarters at Philadelphia, Pa.
It is understood that he has made pp.
plication for assignment to the feet
branch here, but 1t was indicated that
1t is not likely that this can be done ct
the present time. While there is q va.
cancy, 1t was said that there are other
ofhcers on the waiting list here, who
have been active with the battalion for
months, and 1t Is the view that priority
Of appointment should 20 to them.
Robert Z. Bair, eIectrician's mats,
third class, has been transferred to the
local Reserve from the 6th Naval Dis.
triet, with headquarters ct Norfolk, Va.
Henry Butler, chief hoatSwain's mate,
has been placed on the retired list, upon
completion Of third years service In the
Regular establishment and the Reserve.
He was transferred to the Reserve. 10
was said, from the regular Navy upon
completion Of 20 years service.
Reduction Of the shipkeeper force on
the u. s. destroyer Abel p. Uphur,
training ship of the local battalion, has
been started. 1t was said. The reduce
ton, 1t was indicated was made neces.
sary on account of allotment of funds
Men now on indefinite active duty as
shipkeepers and who desire to be re-
heved, It was said, are having their ape
plications approved first. II enough do
not apply, then others viii be selected
until the force Is reduced sufhciently to
keep the pay roll within the allotment
of funds.
Christian 8. Iantz, jr.. water tender.
first class, has been relieved from active
duty aboard the ship at his own re-
guest, ~ has also Donald C. Mcpherson,
machinists mate, second class, and
class
william s. Nailoa, chief water tender
has been transferred from the local bait
TALON to the Naval Reserve In the 5th
Naval District, with headquarters At
James r. Payne, oeacers steward, first
class, has been retired upon completion
Of 80 years service In the regular Navy
and the Reserve, having been trans+
lerred to the latter upon completion Of
20 years Of service IN the former.
The following enlistments were re.
ported: Henry H. Shugart, seaman, see
ond class, assigned to the I'd Fleet Di-
vision. and Joy Z. Woolhiser, seaman,
second class, assigned to the Sd Fleet
1lNl0lO0.
John =. Stone, seaman, first class, has
been relieved from active duty as 4
shipkeeper aboard the destroyer Ups
shur, on his own request.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28

tons Tor war. MAI. Gen. Charles r.
1rtdeeA the ,Adjutant Genersl ct the
assignment of personnel by the Adiu-
tant Generals Department with par
tieular Taference ia mobilization. The
scope and character I'll work Of the
Army War College will be discussed by
Brig. Gen. Herbert J. Brees, assistant
commandant Of the Army War College.
Brig. Gen. Albert J. Bowley, assistant
chief OF star, GIL, will lecture on the
Gel division Of the general STAFF and its
present outstanding problems. All of
the lectures will be held Of the Army
war College at Washington Barracks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-28
GARDEN ITEMS.

Peonies, according to our best local
growers, prosper best when moved or set
out In late Autumn. The roots are then
dormant and have time to become re-
established before the resumption of
growth. The peony does wonderfully
well In this vicinity, as evidenced In the
many splendid exhibitions such as that
staged last Spring by the Montgomery
suburban Garden Club. 1t is q fine
Memorial day flower and deserves q
place In every large garden. The home
gardener who Is thinking of plantinT
peoniss next Spring would do well 10
advance the time to this Autumn.
Among woody plants, privet Is one of
the easiest TO cultivate. roofing readily
from cuttings Of mature Young wood
Many . local priyet hedge can trace
Its origin to a row of cuttings obtained
from friend or neighbor. Privet roots
So easily and grows so strongly that
u Is frequently used as q rootstock for
mac, which Is . related species, as may
bc Observed BY exam nation of tha
leaves and howerS Privet roots have
another advantage over lilac, since
ShootS from the base are easily dis
tlnguished and can be cut out before
they draw heavily ON the plants re-
serve food.
Despite the unusual heat of the lonr
summer, clematS paniculata Is some
two or three weeks later In reaching
full bloom than in other years. How
many. other species have been affected
In TINS same way Is a question. as is
also the cause OF this strange behavior.
Crepe myrtle has continued in bloom
over q rather long period, none too
long, however, to suit the fortunate
home owner who has plants Of this at
trsctive species. It would be q splen-
old thing II some of the Spring flower
ing shrubs possessed this enduring quail
ity DeutziaS and crabs stay beautiful
Tor only two or three days.
One Of the problems of gardeners
who possess fruit or other large trees