davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Plenty There

Although successful motion pic
ture expert for many years. it was
only recently that Arthur Ripley
made his first motor trip into the
San Bernardino mountains. Not
knowing about the step grades and
long climb in second gear, Arthur
merely figured by mileage with the
result that when he reached the Rim
of the World road his gas began
to get low. Spying a native. he
shouted:
Hey, Teller, where can l get some
gas around hereY
straight ahead" pointed the man,
"the real estate office amt more
than two miles away."-Los Angeles
Times.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Household Economy

Maid Ito spring cleaning house
keeper)-Tlere are half a dozen men
downstairs with vacuum cleaners.
They say they have appointments to
give demonstrations.
Mistress-Yes, sent for them. Put
them in different rooms and tell them
to get busy.-Humorist.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Cropping

"a number of constituents are wait
ing to see you" said the able and dis
Greet secretary.
what do they say?" asked Senator
Sorghum.
"That something is wrong"
"Whdt do they want me to do
about it?"
They don't know. That's what they
want you to tell them"
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Bees Resented Intrusion

When truck ran away and hit one
of the grand old cherry trees at Cher
ryville, Pa. the eight men aboard re-
ceived more than bump apiece. The
collision, which demolished the tree,
aroused monster swarm of bees
that made their home in the hollow
trunk. Some of the men made sur
prising records as sprinters, but all
were stung. Two Cherryville girls.
taking a stroll, shrieked that men
were about TO attack them, only to
find out what was really doing when
the bees came along.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
MRS. MALAPRoP AGAIN

Bookstall Attendant to Porous Lit
earum, who has disarranged his dis
play in feverish attempt to find the
object of his search: Can be of any
assistance to you? Are you looking
for any particular book?
Porous Literarum-Yes, want "a
Girl of the Luggage Van," by Engine
Station Porter.-Publisher Circular.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
swi.h.sh.sh.shl

Hopeless Henry-l wuz offered two
jobs yestidday widin' ten seconds.
Soapless Sam-Where wuz dey?
Hopeless Henry-One wuz at dat big
white farmhouse on the hill. Tother
wuz about six mile down de road
Exchange.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Everybody Watching IL

visitor-That is a beautiful clock.
Is it insured?
Manager-No, but it is absolutely
safe. There are more than 100 people
working on this floor, and every one
Of them is watching it.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20

Robust health depends upon proper
food assimilation. Keep the digestive
processes active with Wright's Indian
Vegetable Pills. The tonic laxative.
CSC q box. 372 Pearl St., II. Y. ADV.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
In the Rough

Golfer-Terrible links, caddy. ter
rible
Caddy-Sorry, sir, these amt links
you got off them an hour ago.
Kitchener Record.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Height Of Agility

"Gayley is what you might call an
adroit man."
decidedly. His sins never find
him out and his creditors never find
him in."-Boston Post.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Oh, Sugar

"Have you had an interesting day?"
swell, about the only stirring event
so far has been the sweetening of
my coffee"
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Genuine Cleverness

Some saw that cheating is an art.
But history shows us just the same
The men who really then were smart
Could win and play an honest game.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Something Lacking

Mary had a little lamb.
A regular go-getter,
But IL wandered into Wall Street
And now II needs sweater.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20
Over for the Week

Schoolmaster-This makes the fifth
time l have punished you this week.
What have you TO say?
Youth-Fm glad it's Friday, sir
Pele Mele, Paris.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20

He-My mind was in a whirl last
night.
She-So you slept like top, | sup
pose.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20

Rarity enhances pleasure.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20

She-What do you think of the
woman of today?
He-Darned slow, judging from the
standards of 1.-THE woman of tomor.
row. as | expect her to be.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-06-20

Different Canada and Newfoundland 30
stamps. Sample copy of Emco Journal All
for zoe postpaid. Mention this paper Marks
Stamp Company. Toronto 2. Canada
Plants. All kinds. Catalogue free Iris
choice kinds soc doz Geraniums Toe to zoe
each. Honey l2~ 10. can So. 6 lib. SI.6O pre-
paid. Strittmatter Co. Bradley Junction Pa
Make SI5-S20 "A Day selling "Protecto
Shield" fast selling sport item,to druggists,
opticians.sporti goods trade. Write Kegel-
Johnson Co.,1742 Atlantic Av., Brooklyn. Ny.
WANTED-MEN AND WOMEN
to sell Flavors. Make SIS daily No expert
ence needed. Free gifts make sales.
OLINGER BROS, FORD CITY, PA.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19

Exploitation of what is believed
to be an unlimited vein of kaolin
mineral volcanic ash formation, in
Boone county, Kentucky, will be be-
gun in near future by the South
ern Mineral Products Company OF
Indiana. according to C. E. Merrill
255 South Audubon place, president
today.
The deposit. from which Merrill
said his concern will manufacture
the only native beauty clay in the
United States, is located on two ESQ.,
acre tracts across the river from
Rising Sun, Ind, leases on which
the Southern Mineral Products firm
acquired last week.
From another holding, on the In
diana side of the Ohio river, a mile
from Rising Sun, the same company
will produce securing cleanser, me-
chanics' soap, silver polish and 9
patent plaster, Merrill declared.
Associated with him in the COM
pany are his son. E. S. Merrill, di-
rector of technical research, and
Richard and William Green, ano
John R. Wood, Rising Sun bankers
Value Of the kaolin, which is
said to be the only clay deposit in
the United States suited for manu-
facture of beauty clay, is $50 ton,
refined, E. S. Merrill disclosed. He
said the supply is unlimited.
The vein begins five feet beneath
the top sod, and continues more
than thirty feet. and may extend
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
Funeral for Victim of Stay.
ing Held in Merom
Church.

B9 Times Special
SULLIVAN, Ind, May 19.-Wil-
liam A. White, Sullivan county'S
slain good fellow" bootlegger, was
laid to rest Sunday after funeral
services in the Methodist church at
Merom, with the Rev. Mr.. Bennett,
Merom, officiating, assisted by the
church's pastor, the Rev. Earl john
son. Burial was made at Pales-
tine, Ill.
Oacie Bennett, indicted here by a
special grand jury two days after
the shooting of White, is held on a
second degree murder charge.
Authorities investigating the case
declare a grudge existed between
White and Elmer Bledsoe and his
wife, sister of Brummett, because of
alleged attentions paid her by
White. Bledsoe is also a prisoner
here charged with violating the
liquor law.
The shooting occurred early
Wednesday morning at the camp Of
Bledsoe on the Wabash river, south
of Riverton.
White had been convicted of vio-
lating both the state and federal
prohibition laws, and at the time of
his death, was a fugitive from a
prohibition warrant under the state
law held by authorities here.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
Mother Thinks Confessed
Slayer Is Victim of
UnhappineSS.'

Z = NEW YORK, May 19.-The gray
haired mother of Henry Cav, who
was murdered here last year, came
from Denver today to plead for
mercy for the man who has con-
fessed, authorities say, to that muir
der, and also to killing nine other
persons.
The widow, Mrs. Clara Cav, ar
rived at the Office Of Assistant Dis
trict Attorney James Mcdonald to
plead for James Baker, 25-year-old
youth, who calls himself Texas Jim,
and who boasts that he has killed
ten persons. Baker went on trial
today charged with murder Dec. q,
1928, of Henry Cav, employed as
night Waterman at the Guggenheim
laboratories.
ct hope they are merciful to him, -
she told Mcdonald, in charge OF
presenting the states case. HE
should be locked up somewhere, but
I don't want him to be killed, too.
I think he must be the victim of
some terrible unhappiness that
makes him do things like that"
Baker was alleged to have forced
Cav to drink three cups of coffee
containing deadly poison. Cav
then was strapped in chair. &C
cording to police. while Baker forced
a poison down Gaw's throat to see
what effect it would have.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
Woman Is Killed

Miss Josephine Roach, 26, Logans-
port, was killed instantly and five
other persons from Indianapolis,
Peru and Logansport were injured
when their car plunged over an en-
bankment into Mud creek, five miles
south of Rochester on State
road, Is, Sunday.
The driver said he was blinded
by lights of an approaching car.
A railroad crossing crash at Lake
vile took the life of Mrs. William
Herr, 40, who lived twenty miles
south Of Lakeville. She was thrown
from an automobile to the tracks
and the wheels Of the gasoline
driven locomotive passed over her
body.
George Cabanaw, SIS, South Bend,
was killed instantly west Of there,
when he walked into the path Of a
car driven by Joseph Mullins, LA
Porte.
Walter Sleupicki, n, South Bend.
was killed when the car in which
he was riding was in collision with
another.
An auto collision near BicknelI
took the lie OF Noble Ray. 10,
Bicknell, a bridegroom Of three
weeks. Three others were injured
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
RUM LAW FLOP,
SAYS WHEELER
Dry Senator Brands Liquor
Act as Failure.

BIZ United Press
WASHINGTON, May Ex-senator
Burton K. Wheeler (Dem., Mont)
long considered a moderate dry, was
on record today as convinced that
prohibition, as now enforced, is a
failure.
: 1t is absurd to say" Wheeler told
a dominantly dry audience at the
Calvary Baptist church here Sun
day night, that prohibition is en-
forced when one can go into any
city, large or small, put his foot on
the rail and order a drink"
After denouncing conditions OBJ
tanning under the present dry laws,
Wheeler said "the people are turn
ing from it (prohibition) in disgust,
because of widespread graft and
corruption"
The services at which he spoke
we're under the auspices of the Citi-
zens' Service Association and were
held in the church in which the late
President Harding once worshipped.
Another indication of Wheeler's
discomfort with prohibition came
last week when he voted with a
small senate minority in favor of
the resolution of Senator Tydings
Oem., Md to prevent the use of
poison in government alcohol.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
CITY is SHOWN
MYSTERY PLANE
10000 Watch Stunt Pilots
. Perform Air Tricks.

Swimming Stout field, Mars Hill
through heavy mist Sunday after
noon at ESQ miles an hour, Dale
(ReO Jackson. gave Indianapolis its
first sight of the new Travel Air
mystery "S'; airplane, the sensation
of recent aviation exhibits.
Three times Jackson, holder of
the worlds endurance flight record,
now member Of the CurtiSs-
Wright Exhibition Conpany's stunt
team on tour of forty Curtiss-
Wright bases in the United States
dipped from low clouds over the field
and shot back into the clouds again
in the space of a breath.
Following the exhibition, jackson
said he would attempt to better the
Lindbergh transcontinental record If
permitted to install additional gaso-
line tank in the little low-wing mon
oplane.
More than twenty thousand per-
sons crowded Stout field and damned
every highway within several miles
of the airport Sunday afternoon to
watch Jackson and other aerial
troopers stunt for more than two
hours.
Despite low ceiling and visibility
of less than mile, Jackson and his
co-pilots attempted every stunt on
the program that the bad weather
permitted.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
HEAvY.TRUCK
LAW MAY BE
PUT To TEST
indianapolis Company Plans
Appeal After Arrest of
Driver in Brazil.
QUESTION ON STATUTE
Four Wheel Weight Basis
Confusing Due to Some
Having Six.
BIZ Times SneciaL

BIZ Times Special
BRAZIL, Ind, May ia case
involving Indiana's law designed to
bar heavy motor trucks from state
roads, filed in city court here, will
probably be carried to the state SUI
preme court in the first test of
validity of the weight statute.
Counsel for the Kiblcr Trucking
Company, Indianapolis, one of
whose drivers, Harold Snyder, was
arrested here on a charge of driv-
in an overweight truck, announce
they will take the case to Indiana'S
highest court.
Arraigned before Justice of the
Peace Gates, the driver entered a
plea of not guilty and obtained a
delay until Tuesday for his trial.
Kenneth Miller, Clay county
prosecutor, declares he has long
been DESTROYS of seeking test of
the law, and therefore welcomes
the move of the trucking company
in planning an appeal.
The Interpretation of the statute
has been an issue, as it provides a
formula of weight, on any one or
more wheels of a machine. Many
trucks are equipped with six wheels,
complicating the situation, as the
statute is based on four wheel ma
chimes.
Miller declares highways over
which trucks pass are being badly
damaged. Recently the big ma
chimes have been detouring around
Brazil due to frequent arrests of
drivers, who have paid fines and
costs totaling $45 each in most
cases.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19

in the yard space behind a no
tions counter, G. M. Spicklemire,
general superintendent of William
H. Block Company, says, eff the
avoirdupois is not overburdensome
she might be hired.
ct is true that those of thin
waiStlineS can stand on their feet
with more ease. What we want
is representative saleswomen.
Beauty of face doesn't bring a
position. The doll-face types are
not desired.
Just as a capper to the discus
sion one Of the queens Of the Yep
peIin craft was interviewed.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
RULES ON INTEREST
County Treasurers May Be
Asked for Refund.

Thousands of dollars may be re-
turned to county exchequers from
the pockets of county treasurer if
an Interpretation of the Barrett law
amendment passed by the 1929 leg
islatiure, made by Lawrence F. Orr,
chief examiner of the state board of
accounts, is upheld by theattorney-
general.
Orr discovered that although the
amendment, which puts all Barrett
law fund bank interest back into the
county treasury, set the date of such
return as Jan. 1, 1890, the law con-
tanned an emergeneq clause making
it effective upon receiving the Gov
errors signature, March Is, 1929.
Field examiners found interest
amounted to $5,547.13 in Allen coun-
ty alone.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
UNITED PRESS
WIDENS SCOPE
Second Indiana Bureau
Opens at Terre Haute.

BIZ United Press
TERRE HAUTE, Ind, May 49,
A news bureau was opened by the
United Press in Terre Haute today,
in charge of John L. Cutter, who
was transferred from the Indian
apoliS bureau.
The Terre Haute bureau gives
United Press newspapers in Indiana
direct contact with the Wabash val
ley of Indiana and Illinois, and
news of this region henceforth will
be transmitted from Terre Haute
instead of indianapolis, as in the
past.
United Press newspapers are
printed in all but two Indiana cities
in the Wabash valley which have
daily worldwide news service, and
the bureau was opened primarily to
serve those papers more completely
and rapidly.
This expansion of United Press
enables the indianapolis bureau to
concentrate on coverage of central
and northern points, thus materially
strengthening the service to all
state papers.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
POPULATION GAIN IN
CITY is INDICATED

Increase of 1859 in the popula-
ton of Wayne and Franklin town
ships this year over 1920 was con-
tanned today in figures announced
by Delbert o. Wilmeth, census SUI
pervisor.
Wayne township figures for this
year showed a total population of
42,791 over 27,551 for 1920. In
Franklin township the total this year
is 1913 as compared to 2,459 in 1920.
Wilmeth predicted this city'S
population will reach $4,000, with
eleven of the fifteen city wards
showing gain of 21,759 in the last
decade. This is SO per cent in
crease.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
BEAUTY CLAY TRACT
FOUND IN KENTUCKY

from Cincinnati to Louisville, he
said.
c. E. Merrill also is head of the
Blue Ridge Mineral Products Com
pany of Memphis, Tenn, now ex-
plotting a deposit of pottery kaolin
in Mississippi.
Work on the tract is to begin as
soon as possible, according to the
company's present plans. Mining
of the material is simple, the young
Merrill said, and his company now
owns factory building in Rising
Sun where the kaolin will be manu-
featured into beauty clay and other
products.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
IF the National Retail D.

IF the National Retail Dry
i Goods Association, in its Chi
cago convention, wants to ban
fat clerks behind store counters,
indianapolis may find itself the
headquarters for porcine purvey-
ors of spools of thread. house
dresses and step-iIlS.
For the dry goods convention
was told that the elephantine
clerks. playing stumble-peg with
each other behind linen counters,
take up too much room, and are
generally a nuisance.
City employment executives
disagree in part with the preach
ess against stout salesladies.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19

Wilmeth said final returns from
the Fourth ward will boost the city
total. Preliminary reports indicate
a Is per cent increase in this ward,
he said.
Washington township population
is estimated at 34,960 as compared
20 1895 ten years ago, according to
Wilmeth's figures.
Lawrence township also showed a
gain with 1858 this year over 1927
in 1920.
Other Indianapolis figures re-
leased are: First ward, 39,039 over
2a,029 in 1920; Third ward, 1904
as compared to 1895 in 1920; Tenth
ward, $500 as compared to 28,508
i'll 1920; Fifteenth ward $4,000 as
compared to 24,253 ten years ago.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19

"It's not true that slim girls
make better saleswomen; whole
SomenesS is the first requisite for
our employees" explained w. R.
Allen, personnel director of the
L. S. Ayres Company. as he de-
cried the Chicago convention
comment on "hefty" salesladies.
q o
VXTEIGHT is quite beside the
W point in determining the
capability Of saleswolnan. Abil-
ity. sincerity. count more than
pulchritude OF sliuness IN figure.
lie added.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
CITY OFFERS PROGRAM
MAY Musical Festival Presented at
Richmond Sunday.
81 Times Special

BD Times Special
RICHMOND, Ind. May ia
May musical festival was given
here Sunday afternoon under the
direction of the music department
of the Women's Club. of which Mrs.
Fred H. Lehman is chairman.
A feature of the program was
q six piano ensemble with twelve
persons playing the first time any
such performance has ever been
attempted here.
There was q combined chorus
Of $50 voices recruited from each
church of the city, and Earlham
college.
Works of Rubinstein, Mozart,
Tschaikowski. Dickinson and Weber
comprised the program.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
Former Officer Sentenced

FIT. WAYNE, Ind, May 49,
Ralph Rosenwinkel, former Allen
county deputy sheriff and who
served the United States district
court here as bailiff, is under two
year sentence in the federal prison
at Leavenworth, Kas., following
conviction in federal court here on
charge of conspiracy to violate the
national prohibition law.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
scoFF AT PLAN TO BAN FAT STORE CLERKS

XX7ITHOUT tongue in cheek,
- she gave the venuses Of
tie bargain easements this slap:
II can outwork, outwalk, OUT
sell one of those chicken breasted.
bobbed-haired firts, like no
body's business. Customers
Madam me because I am i'm
portant and I look important.
They don't grab pieces Of goods
out Of my hand, talk snippy. Co
along. son. I'm busy. Talk to
that little brunette over there:
she's more in your line"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
BOOTLEGGER'S RITES
BY TWO PREACHERS
f Gents Wins

BIZ Times Special
HAMMOND, Ind, May 49,
Four cents for postage was the
only campaign expenses of
Judge Virgil Reiter in winning
denomination on the Repub-
lican ticket for the Hammond
superior court bench. He had
no opposition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
SEEKS MERCY FOR
SONS MURDERER
Moon RainbOz0

BIZ United Press
ROCKFORD, Ind, May 49,
Residents of RockfordS claim
to have seen a rainbow when
the moon broke through clouds
during a storm. Witnesses said
the rainbow appeared about
midnight, a perfect semi-circle
that lasted five minutes.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
TIED FOR VIOLIN HONOR
Walton and Gary Girls Share Title
in State Contest.
Times SpecinL

BIZ IfWtS DDtCIuE
BLOOMINGTON, Ind, May 10.
In the violin division of the state
high school music contest held at
Indiana university here, Mary Ellen
Kapp, Walton, and Josephine Rob-
erts, Gary, tied for first honors.
Anna Baker, FIT. Wayne, was second
and Florence Grovesnor, Ft. Wayne,
third.
Buelah G. Cole, Whiting, was first
in the piano division; Gwendolyn
Mahoney, Huntington, second, and
Juanita Zurcher, Whiting, third.
First place winners received gold
medals; second, silver, and third,
bronze.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19

instance, yOW tGKe congressman
aOalkin' among the honeysuckle zines
and hollyhocks and things. If he is dis
couraged he can pick daisy and pail
off the petals and sag: "The voterS love
me; they IoUe me not" OF course, If 1t
comes ont wrong he can grab another
daisy and try again. Three hundred
million dollars qOiU buy q lot of daisies
even at government prices. And there's
Borah. Plant bed of zinniGS outside
his bedroom 1Oi7,do1O and spell out
aOitk them "AU Is pUell." Put humble
bees ON the zinnjGs. so BorGk can't puU
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
GIRL is STRUCK BY CAR
Knocked Down, Cut and Bruised by
East Tenth Street Trolley.

Her vision obscured by an UNI
brella, Miss Mary Catherine Hunt,
Is, of 2142 North Olney street,
stepped from Brookside street car
at Massachusetts, avenue and New
Jersey street early today and ran
around the rear into the path OF an
East Tenth street car.
She was knocked down, cut above
the left eye, and bruised on the legs
and arms. Police sent her to city
hospital. She was taken home after
Ter injuries were treated.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-19
PROBE LIQUOR RING
Grand Jury Will Consider
Kansas Situation.
United Press

Bu United Press
TOPEKA, Kan, May ia liquor
investigation, the results of which
prohibition officials say "will shock
Kansas" was resumed today as dry
raiders sought to gain evidence to
present to the special grand jury,
which will convene here late this
month to examine reports of an al
legged widespread liquor ring.