davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Undey the arctic Ice to the North Pole

Collection of sample of ooze and mud from
the bottom can be carried on better from q
submarine in the Arctic than from a surface
craft in other waters, because the submarine
remains absolutely still The wire will not be
snapped by the roll of the vessel, as often
happens in other cases.
"An apparatus is dropped overheard and it
falls rapidly to the bottom and penetrates it
three four feet When withdrawn it brings
up a core several inches in diameter which
shows bottom deposits layer by layer. From
them scientists can delve into the history of the
oceon for many thousands of years, because
these deposits are made extremely slowly.
Another observation to which the submarine
is especially we'll adapted is that of measuring
the force of attraction of the earths gravity.
This is very delicate measurement, made by
accurately timing the strokes of a pendulum.
The pendulum swings fastest where gravity is
strongest, and will indicate very slight change
OF its force. OF course, the rolling of ship
keeps the pendulum strokes from being uniform
but III a submarine there will be no trouble
from this source.
IN fact the observations can be made best
while the ship is submerged. This has been
done in other parts of the world by scientists in
search of an almost stationary position on the
ocean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Church. organ Harm0ny.

MANY churchgoer has thought at the be-
ginning of service that the organ was
terribly out of tune, only to find at the end
that everything seems to be harmonious
The reason for this is Simple-that is if the
weather chances to be cold. AS usual thing.
1t takes church about "a hours to get to an
even temperature, providing it has been left
largely unheated for the greater part of the
week. If the musical instrument is not pro-
vlded with heating device, the pipes of the
great organ are at the same temperature as the
auditorium of the church-contracted by the
cold, If the church is not sufficiently heated or
slightly expanded to normal if it is
The two other sets of pipes on a three-man-
ual organ. the usual size-the swell organ and
the choir organ-are incloSed in a boxlike
room, through which the air is circulated If
artificial means are not provided for heating
the air here to the same temperature as the
room or if the organ is not allowed to run for
some time before the service opens, the air i'm
these two chambers Is at a different temper
ature from that circulating through the great
organ Then when the playing starts this
difference in temperature makes a difference in
pitch. bringing about diScord until such time
as the temperature throughout the organ be-
comes uniform.
When the latter condition exists, the dis
sonanoes cease, and the organ seems somehow
to have tuned itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Continued from Thirteenth Page

Continued from Thirteenth Page
The great unknown territory to be explored lies
on the other side of the Pole, toward Alaska.
This route is the same that AmundSen took
with the airship Norge but far more valuable
information will be collected on the two-month
underwater trip than AmundSen could gather
on his short air dash of a few hours duration
Some scientific work can be carried on while
the submarine is actually in motion under the
ice. Most of it, however, will be accomplished
when the vessel comes to the surface at APP
proximateIy 50-mile intervals. Let DIR. Sver-
drup himself, who recently made a detailed
outline of plans for these scientific observa-
lions for Sir Hubert tell what is TO be done:
1.-The most important of the scientific studies
to be made is the deep-Sea work Tempera-
lures will be measured and samples of sea
water will be taken at different depths to be
analysed for its salt and chemical content.
"All we know about the currents of the
Arctic Ocean come from observations made by
NanSen when instruments were by no means
as accurate they are now. We need definite
information about the poltr sea to under
stand the currents of the North Atlantic. One
branch of the Gulf Stream enters the Arctic
north of SpitSbergen as a deep sea current, and
a surface current comes out of the Arctic along
the coast of Greenland and joins the Labrador
Current. Scientists want to know what hap
pens to these currents in the Arctic Ocean.
'"These are the only currents of any conse-
quence that enter or leave the Arctic. Else
where the entrances to this ocean are too shall
low to permit the passage of much water.
GCITNO collect plant and animal life of the
cold waters the submarine will probably
carry an inverted mast on the bottom of the
submarine. Nets will be attached to it and
allowed to trail in the water Results of these
findings should help to clear up the great diff
ferences of opinion that exist as to plant and
animal life of Arctic waters.
"Some explorers think that seals and polar
bears abundant all over the Arctic Sea,
while others believe these animals exist in
quantity only near the coasts and are scarce
in the central part of the region. In my opin-
ion lack of sufficient light in the polar sea is
unfavorable to the development of plant or
ganisms and where there are no plants ami
mails will not find nourishment. Definite con-
illusions win undoubtedly be reached as result
OF this expedition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
ACROSS.

AOESOOos
/ Bark of mulberry,
used as cloth.
5 Varlet.
10 Hindu social
system.
Is Caledonian.
10 Edible SEA weed.
20 Asiatic country.
I'll Plane surfaces.
% Therefore.
% National Guards
man.
25 Stipendiary of a
cathedral or col
legiate church.
81 Balance.
% Cut of a tree.
% Turns.
80 Fertile spots in
desert.
81 Tableland.
IS Contrition.
IS Small cakes.
SO Serpent.
80 Globular
40 Former Slavic
rulers.
AZ Suffix: of a party.
As DemoliSh.
At Small boy.
AZ Light knock.
SO The oorial.
81 Arabian prince.
So Turned inside out.
81 Masculine name.
SO Imperfect or
irregular
So Snugger.
SO Ga2elle.
so Snare.
81 Buttery Or larder.
ca Graft.
81 Literary aSsocla-
ton.
&c Facial contortion.
So Took a part.
50 Early European.
40 First public APP
pearance.
~ Indian province.
rs Italian coin.
,78 Private oratory.
30 Bird.
80 Part OF a sun
dial.
IS Electrified atom.
Sc Grease.
81 CarnivoYi0uS
animal of South
ern Africa.
80 Brief.
81 Forms.
03 Placed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Sunday Morning Among the Cross-W ords

contempt.
SO Kind of palm.
81 Relish.
80 Possessed.
Al Exclamation.
43 From that time.
"A At bay.
as Masculine name;
Bible.
40 A spasm of pain.
81 The chosen.
So Large figure of q
man used as
support in
architecture.
Sd French coin.
SIS Indian measure.
81 Shoulder orna-
ment on uniform.
So Spirits in Mo-
hammedan
mythology.
81 Pertaining to the
rise and fall of
the ocean.
IS Area of low
pressure between
two anticyclones.
81 Catnip.
SO Pacific island.
II In addition.
II Metal tip on
Shoelace.
70 Trap.
"a Members of q
political party
who advocate
community OF
property.
76 Gypsy.
~ Soon, or
presently.
10 Pamper.
70 PoSseSsive
pronoun.
30 Rating.
81 Pertaining to
morning.
80 Arabic teachers.
81 Jewish month.
SO Floor covering.
80 Rumen.
90 Unwilling.
SO Title of respect.
SO A proximate, and
supposed active
principle of
opium.
80 Unit of square
measure.
1O1 Cry of a goose.
102 Hindu clerk or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

"a Silk worm.
95 The total.
81 Biblical land.
SO Spanish epic
poem.
80 A light or can
die: slang.
100 Social function.
101 Neither world.
103 Changed.
LOG Spencerian
character.
LOT Reclined.
100 Reservoir.
Ill Bristle.
113 DenS.
lis Stoa.
116 Philippine
native.
118 Liquid measure.
121 Succor.
1913 Feminine name.
125 Measure,
1876 Pertaining to
birds.
127 European capital.
1913 Small Dutch coin.
129 Go by.
$50 Style of paint
ing.
13I Cry of a sheep.
1872 Aims.
DOWN.
l Press lightly.
2 Discount.
3 A writing super
imposed on a
former.
4 Come up.
5 Snow-glider.
6 Fuel.
z Protected.
8 Lean.
9 Roman god.
10 Antic.
IL Stop.
II Prophecies.
Is LatchetS.
IA Suf6x; a native
of.
IS Palanquin.
16 Dregs; obs.
II Monster.
18 Playthings.
"a Hardy heroine.
&c Intellect, reason:
Greek.
30 Pertaining to
voice.
80 A bird.
"a Sister of Moses.
IS Children; term of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
J0BLESS BATTLE
RUMANIA POLICE
w ound 10 Fascists;
Storm Police Building

Unemployed workers in Timisoar
formerly Temesvar), in the prov
ince of Banat, Rumania, yesterday
resisted fascist troops who fired on
them, when the workers demon
strated for their demands. Accord
ing to a wireless dispatch to the
capitalist press from Bucharest, the
demonstrators, led by members of
the Communist Party, stormed the
building in which the project of po-
lice had his office, and which also
serves as the local administration
building.
A fire brigade was modified in
an attempt to halt the demonstra-
tors, whose militancy kept rising.
When the water failed to halt the
demonstrating workers, the police
fired into the workers and the work
ers returned the fire.
Many workers were wounded, but
the workers, not paling before the
police fire, wounded ten of the
police.
Eighty-five of the workers were
arrested, including the local Commu-
mist leader, the dispatch says.
Timosoar, an industrial center,
with a population of 1880, is in
Banat, one of the former Hungar-
ian provinces which was seized by
Rumania, with the connivance of
the allied powers, at the end of the
last imperialistic World War. The
Hungarian workers and peasants,
forming the great majority of the
population in Banat, suffer great
persecution under the Rumanian
white terror.
The rapid growth of the economic
crisis of capitalist industry in Eu-
rope is clearly reflected by the
great slump in industry in the
smaller, fascist nations, like Ru-
mania, in which the industries are
controlled by the British and French
industrial magnates.
Led by the Communist Parties in
the Balkan States, the workers and
peasants of these nations are daily
growing more militant.
The Communist Party has led
many recent struggles of the Ru-
manian and other Balkan workers,
notably the strike of the Lupeni
miners, in which fascist troops muir
dered over fifty strikers on the
picket line.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
HOOUerPushes
Race tor More
Naval Arms

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-The
delegates to the race-for-ar7ma-
ments conference, to be held IN
London, Jan. 81, led by "peaee-
pact" tStimSon, 1OiH meet 1Oith
HooUer neat Tuesday morning In
order to get final Instructions
from the Wall Street imperiGlist
chief of how big Macy U. S. I'M
perialism needs to Advance ats
fight for world markets and more
colonies.
In speaking to capitalist nepS-
paper reporters, Stimson today re-
VeaLed the fact that the question
of no neutrals IN the BeGt 1Uar lUas
discussed betlOeeR Ramsay Mae
Donald and HooUer IN their Ra-
pidan meeting. Stimson said no
commitment l0aS made on the mat
ter.
The question of no neutrals IN
the meet l0Gr betaUeen the inpeT-
iGlist powers Uds brought to light
by a British 2ohjte paper (Which
said that the Kellogg past l0ould
bring every nation into the neat
aOar. This 1Oas q singing rebake
to the Stinson diplomatic pose
that the Kellogg pact aOas n
"peace pact" Senator Borah ad-
mitted that If the British aUhite
paper aoaS correct the Kellogg pact
Uas actually q aU0r threat.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
COAL FOUND IN
The ANTARCTIC
u. S. and Britain Fight
Over Control

The meaning of the present con-
flict between the United States and
Great Britain over the Antarctic
continent and the claims of the
American Government to sections
visited by the Byrd expedition be-
came more apparent with Byrd's
announcement that valuable coal
fields have been discovered. In a
dispatch to the New York Times,
he reports that biologists with his
expedition have discovered coal
bearing sandstone, winch experts
think is part of one of the worlds
largest coal fields. Here was what
| had come all the way to the Ant
arctic to find" reported one of
Byrd's biologists.
The discovery of coal by the Byrd
expedition, far from being acciden-
tai. was one of the main reasons
for his flight to the South Pole and
the less spectacular, but more I'M
portant geological surveys. Coal
was discovered in the Antarctic for
the first time in 1909, and again in
1911. Recent eXplora ions, includ-
ing Byrd's discoveries, indicates
that there may be a huge coal field
in the Antarctic covering more than
100000 square miles.
Britain notified the United States
that "the British own the Antarc-
tic" No reply was made until the
day Byrd was ready for his actual
flight and then the psychological
moment was used for note to
Great Britain claiming the terri
tories visited by Byrd. The Amer
lean flag has been raised in the sec
lions believed to be rich in coal
and perhaps in ether minerals, to
lay basis for struggle with Great
Britain over the South Polar regions.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
MANY MERGERS
IN us. RECENTLY
Imperialists Dominate
Government

There have been a large number
of mergers recently, strengthening
the imperialist character of U. S.
capitalist economy. Foremost is the
recent steel merger, involving $780,
100000.
There is the proposed trutifica-
ton of all the telegraph, radio and
communications system advocated
by Owen d. Young, of the General
Electric Co., and the proposed mass
mergers of the railroads.
During 1929 there have been ID
bank mergers. The smaller banks
have been swallowed by the larger
financial institutions. The largest
bank mergers have taken place in
New York City.
Among them were the National
Bank of Commerce, which was alb
sorbed by the Guaranty Trust Com
pany; the Seaboard National Bank,
which was taken over by the Equita-
BILE Trust Company, and the State
Bank and Trust Company, which
was merged with the Manuafctur-
ers Trust Company. Among the
banks most active in the merger
field were the Chase National, the
Bank of. Manhattan Company and
the Bank of America National As
ISOLATION. The Bank of America, in
addition to acquiring control of the
Nassau National and the Traders
National Bank, also absorbed the
private banking house of Blair and
Co., and is now in process of merg
ing the Murray Hill Trust Company.
President Hoover, in his message
to Congress, recommended that the
laws be revised so that the big bank
ing institutions could develop branch
banks throughout the country. This
would be tremendous step for the
further monopoly development of
the big banks and would give them
a tighter grip on industry. 1t
would concentrate financial and in
dustrial control into fewer hands
than even now.
Lenin pointed out that the merger
of banks and industry, with the
banks in control, was supplemented
by the directors of the big banks
taking over more and more open
government functions.
In the U. S. this is proceeding at
a rapid rate. Hoover is closely con-
nected with Morgan and Co. La
mont of Morgan and Co. is Secre-
tary of the Interior.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
UP With The
PR0L.ETARIAT!"
india WAR CRY
Imperialists Admitting
Real Danger" Not
Lahore Congress

Indian dispatches reveal in CO.
vert way the tremendous upsurge
of revolution among the masses of
India. Yesterday it was said that,
"The real danger which the govern
ment of India must now tackle lies
not so much in the empty declaration
for independence and the boycott Of
assemblies ordered ey the Nationa
lists, but in the direct and increas.
ing suggestion of the use of VIC
lence.'
1t is this threat of violent action
of the masses which is filling Lon
don with ill-disguised alarm, and un-
doubtedly makes the Indian bourg-
eoisie centered in the Indian Ma
tional Congress anxious lest the
mass movement sweep them aside.
1t is this mass movement which
yesterday sent the chief industrial
shares downward on the stock ex-
change at Bombay.
1t is this mass movement which
led to the reported remarkable dem
onstration in Lahore courtroom,
when Indians charged with the muir
der of police officer appeared for
trial.
On coming into the court, they
began a song of their readiness to
sacrifice their lives to a murderous
government, then cried out:
"Up with the revolution!
Cup with the proletariat!
Down with imperialism"
The Mortified imperialist report
ers looked on in amazement while
the Indian magistrate, who seemed
more or less unconcerned, "aliowed
the opening chorus to be encored be-
fore starting the trial
The only answer imperialism can
suggest is the immediate reinforcing
of ths police.
London dispatches state that the
labor governments organ, the
Daily Herald recently sold by la
borite owners to a big scab printing
company and then officially an
nounced as the government organ
states that the Indian demand for
complete independence instead of
dominion status, is ian academic
change involving no immediate con-
sequence" The "1aborites' are APP
pealing to Ghandi to cooperate with
England against the Indian masses,
showing that it is the masses which
are feared by British imperialism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
Id CONVENTION
MAKES HISTORY
immediate R e S u | t S
Follow Meet

"The tremendous significance and
force of the convention of the In
ernational Labor Defense just held
lere in Pittsburgh, center of Mellon
reaction, will undoubtedly result in
he building of a real mass organ
cation in this district" said Max
Sslzman,. district LID organizer of
he Pittsburgh District, today.
The immediate results of the con-
rention are already beginning to
show their effects on the Pittsburgh
District. The very fact that the
opening mass meeting, Friday
hight, was held in the Carnegie
Music Hall, where meetings had
been broken up again and again,
which had been refused to militant
workers for meetings, shows the
breaking into the wall of Mellon
controlled persecution in Pittsburgh.
Never before in the history of
hat organization was there a con-
7ention of such wide proletarian
scope, representing workers in all
N:he key industries and from AZ
states in the country, from every
; significant industrial center.
From the Illinois coal fields,
where the /. L. d. had participated
rom the first day of the strike as
fighting organization, came a
delegation of striking miners.
Of the 332 delegates, representing
about 100000 workers directly,
nearly every one was worker. OF
outstanding significance was the
! tact that these proletarian dele
gates when in the very forefront of
the discussion took up clearly the
changes in policy necessary for the
international Labor Defense to re-
main an effective fighting organiza-
lion in this period.
The full acceptance of this slogan
by the delegates, characterized the
full realization of the new policy of
struggle placed before the conven-
lion and accepted.
OF equal Importance was the
leading role the Negro workers
played in the convention. There
we're about 80 Negro delegates from
the mines and steel mills of Penn
sylvania and Ohio, from Delaware,
North Carolina, Tennessee, below
the Mason and Dixon Line.
The Negro delegates were all
workers. Among them were two
women-Negro women entering for
the first time the united struggle
of black and white workers. During
all the discussion sessions of the
convention the Negro delegates
played a leading role in emphasize
ing and bringing out the meaning
of. the mass struggle policy dis
cussed and adopted at the conven-
ton.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04

'Cpen the door and ordered the
fascist gang away. Awed by
his gun and spirit, the gang
dispersed. But they got their
illegal" brethren, the courts to ac-
complish the deed in which they
had failed, and are now waiting to
seize Caudle disarmed and helpless.
TotherOw Flogged.
Beaten up and left to die in a
swamp eight miles from town
called Marion, S. c., Ebert Tother-
ow, II year old organizer of the
National Textile Workers Union,
kidnapped yesterday by mill thugs
in Lumberton, N. c., regained con-
seriousness and crawled to safety.
He managed to get to Marion,
where he telegraphed to the union
headquarters in Charlotte, for aid.
Several hours afterward he was
back in Charlotte, battered and
bruised, but unterrified by the fas-
cist kidnapping.
The National Textile Workers
unipn national office. t04 Fifth
Ave, New York, has sent the fclq
lowing telegram to Governor Card
ner of North Carolina:
"The National Textile Workers.
Union representing thousands of
textile workers protests the kidnap-
ping of Ebert Totherow at Lum-
berton, N. C. He is the Youth or
Continued on Page -Four
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
SOVIET AID FOR
EIELSON SEARCH
BorisChuknovsky Joins
Expedition

BERLIN, Jan. 3.-M. M. Gromov,
Soviet aviator who piloted Soviet
plane on a tour of Europe last
Summer and regarded as one of the
leading aviators of the Soviet I'm
ion, is leaving Moscow tomorrow to
take part in the search for the miss
ing American aviators, Eielson and
Borland. Gromov will use Fokker
plane for the search.
Boris Chuknovsky and the other
Soviet filters who have already left
Moscow to search for Eielson and
Borland, are expected to reach
Krasnovarsk some time today They
will arrive ,Within a few days in the
Northeastern section of Siberia,
where the American aviators are
believed to have been lost. D
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
bETRAYERS OF
FILIPIN0S HERE
T a k e independence
Body Tool of Wall st.

WASHINGTON, Jan. Emanuel
RoXas, Dr. Pedro Gil, Jose Castillo
and Marcial Lichauco, betrayers of
the cause for independence Of the
Philippines, arrived in the city to-
day under the misleading title OF
Philippine independence Commits
SION
The Philippine independence Com
mission, headed by Roxas, has been
working very closely with Governor
General Davis, U. S. imperialist die
tator in the Philippines.
When Henry L. Stimson, now
secretary of state, was governor
general of the islands, the same
petty bourgeois politicians now here
on the independence commission,
pledged this rabid imperialist their
full cooperation and support.
Upon his arrival Roxas said: 81
expect to confer with secretary
Stimson and secretary of war Hur-
ley before definitely mapping out
our program for the hearings
Roxas wants to get his cue on the
needs of the state and war depart
ment before he opens his mouth.
The Filipino bourgeois leaders
work very closely with Wall Street
against the will of the 100000
Filipino masses. The demand for
absolute, complete and immediate
independence is firmly rooted in the
workers and peasants. The first
hearings of betrayal are set before
the Senate Territories Committee on
Jan. Is.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-04
WORKERS SCHOOL OF
PHILADELPHIA.

simultaneously with the Party
recruiting drive, the Workers
School of Philadelphia is opening
several courses to develop the Party
functionaries, new members and
also sympathetic workers. Several
classes will begin on Tuesday, jan
uary 7, at 1924 Spring Garden St.
They are as follows;
Fundamentals of Communism, in
structor, William Lawrence; Com
munist Party Organization, E. Sol
way, instructor; Program of the
Communist Information, E. CARLOS,
instructor; New Members Glass, E.
Bender, instructor. There will also
be several classes in English.