davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
ENGLISH RAILROADS
CUT DIRECTORS PAY
Employees Unions Expected to Ie-
ject Reductions Proposed
b
by Employers. ks

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, November 2s.-gritish rail-
way companies, which have asked EN-
ployes to accept substantial reduc-
ton in pay, have begun to slash the
salaries of their own directors.
The London, Midland & Scottish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
MARRIAGES DECREASE,
CHICAGO RECORDS SHOW
Chief Clerk OF Bureau Attributes
slump in Cupid's Business
to Depression.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, November 28.-Something
Is wrong. Chicago's vast population Is
getting bigger every day, but either
fewer people are falling In love or some
thing else is back of the fact that Dan
Cupid isn't using up so many arrows
this year as he did in 1929.
General conditions were suggested as
the reason by Sidney Summerfield, chief
clerk Of the Marriage Bureau, as he re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
FLYER GOES TO WILDS
IN HUNT FOR AVIATOR
Experienced Woodsman With Cana
dian Pilot Seeking Trace Of
Capt. Burke.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
VANCOUVER, British Columbia, No
vember 2S.-E. L. WATSON, aviator. &C
companied by an experienced woods
man, presumably was somewhere near
the headwaters Of the Lizard River, in
Northern British Columbia, today hunt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
Mexican Put on Index.

ROME, November 28 P.-The Mex
lean writer, Guillermo Dellhora has
been placed on the index expurgatcrius
for his book THE Catholic Church
Before the Critic In Thought and Art"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
CHADBoURNE IN PARIS
Agent Of q. 8. Sugar Interests in
Cuba Meets Tardieu.

PARIS, November % R.-Thomas
L. Chadbourne, representative Of Amer
lean sugar interests in Cuba. was re-
ceived today by Premier Tardieu, who is
known to be DESTROYS of tartnering
agreements looking toward alienation
of fundamental economic ills.
Mr.. Charbourne, accompanied by a
Cuban commission appointed by Pres
ident Machedo. will go to Amsterdam
to meet with Javanese sugar operators
in an effort to reach an agreement on
aid for the sugar industry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28

The discovery Of the laws Of electro
magnetic induction by Michael Faraday
Q791-1867) made possible the expert
ments resulting in the telephone, the
dynamo and most of our modern cleo
trical cOnVenienceS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
REDS LAUNCH CAMPAIGN
Pamphlets Circulated in Belgian
Area Inundated by Floods.

BRUSSELS. November 20 (9.-Cou.
munists have launched . pampnlss
campaign in an effort to arouse victims
Of the recent floods to agitation against
the government. Posters plastered up
In the inundated area charge negligence
In the provision Of adequate bikes while
millions are spent arTning forts and
machine guns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28
Two Murderers Garroted.

HAVANA. November 20 R.-Tw
nfurderers were garroted In Havana
city jail today for o crime committed
q year age. They were convicted of
the murder Of Florencio AmporTo, q
paWnhroker,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-28

leased figures on the subject. They
showed sass persons have obtained
licenses thus far this year, O. compared
with $3.50 for the same period In 1929.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
FARE HEARING DELAY
REFUSED BY R. |. MAY
Alexandria Committees Prepare to
Request State Commission
to Grant postponement.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
ALEXANDRIA, Va, April 5.-R. L.
May, owner of bus and street car lines
here, has refused to grant the request
made in motion passed by the mass
meeting of commuters Thursday night
that he postpone the fare raise hearing
80 days to afford an opportunity to try
out operating economy under one man.
agement.
In view of the action it is expected
that the representatives of the COM
muter's group will go to Richmond for
the hearing Tuesday and request the
State Corporation Commission to post
pone the hearing to give citizens time
to prepare a brief of defense.
May as expected to file new schedule
with the Interstate Corporation Com
mission within a few days to replace
the schedule which went into effect
April 8, but which he voided at the
request of the transit fares committee
The transit fares committee and city
council also will probably be represent
ed i'll Richmond at Tuesdays hearing
but it Is expected that the fares re-
ouested by them will not be as low as
those wanted by the commuters COM
mittee unless some agreement is reach
ed between the three bodies opposing
May.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
GERMAN SITUATION
CALM ON SURFACE
Peril of Dictatorship Is Seen
II Bruening, New ChanceI.
Tor, Falls.
BY DIR. GUSTAV sToLPER.

~ the Consolidated Press.
BERLIN, April 5.-Dr. Heinrich
Bruening, Germany's new chancellor,
has effectively carried out President Won
Hindenberg's pressing request for speed
in setting up new government.
Cabinet crises in former years have
always lasted much longer and the fact
that DR.. Bruening has reached his goal
30 quickly shows that he had his COM
bination of political parties already in
hand when he entered the government.
It had been known for some months
that this leader of the Center desired
to end the alliance with the Socialists
and form relations with the parties on
the Right. Therefore, he favored all
steps that would either disrupt the Ma
tionalistS or else compel them to help
the government.
Treviranus Best Aide.
DR.. Bruening's best aide in this effort
was Gottfried r. Treviranus, minister
without portfolio, who, with IL other
men left the Nationalist and formed
the so-called Peoples Conservative
Union.
But the Bruening cabinet reaches
still farther toward the Right, includ-
ing Dr. Martin Schiele as minister of
agriculture. 1t is true Dr. Schiele has
resigned as a Nationalist member Of
the ReichStag, but he is the leader of
the so-called Landbrnd, the largest and
the most radical of agrarian organiza-
tions. Chancellor Bruening also has
made connections on the Left. He made
the Democrat, Herman r. Dietrich, who
Is minister of economics, his vice chan
cellor, and made the Radical Repub-
lican, DR.. Joseph Wirth, minister of
the interior and thus protector of the
Republican constitution.
d.. Julius Curtius, the late Gustav
StreSemann's friend and successor and
also signer of the Hague government
ard the treaties with Poland, remains
foreign minister.
Unity Only on Surface.
The cabinet was not intended to be
aggressive, and DR.. Bruening was clever
enough to formulate the governments
program with the greatest reserve and
to avoid any challenge to the socialists.
On the surface he has about the same
program as the preceding Mueller cabi-
net. But this apparent unity of aims
Is only on the surface. For the Bruenlng
government desires to retain the support
OF the Right which saved 1t from a
vote of lack of confidence. 1t must salts
fly the most radical agrarian desires to
a far greater extent than the Left wing
can tolerate. And behind the mild form
of the governments program stands
the threat of dissolution OF the Reich
stag and government by d dictatorship
unoer the provisions of article 48 of the
constitution in CASE this cabinet falls.
the threat ~ dissolution, however,
alarms tine Right more than the Left,
for the latter would have the best is
sues for the new elections.
(CopSriEht, l930.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
CHINA NATIONALS
PREPARING FOR WAR
Assemble Forces to Combat Hostile
Northern Alliance Which Has
Proclaimed Rebellion.
Nv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SHANGHAI, April 5.-China's nation
alist government yesterday began as
sembling its war machinery to combat
the latest rebellion, the Northern ALI
ance headed by Gems. Yen Hsi-Shan
and Feng Yu-HSiang.
Rallying to the aid of the Central
government at Marking, the Manchur-
ian dictator, Chang Hsueh-Liang, dis
patched a squadron of gunboats to
Tsingtao, Shantung Province. He also
ordered Manchuria's troops modified
south of Shanhaikwan, the sea end Of
the great wall of China, built more than
1000 years ago to keep out Northern
tribes.
Chang's troops were ordered to be
prepared to move against the City of
Tientsin and the forces of the Northern
alliance.
Aroused by the proclamation of Yen
Hsi-Snan, governor of Shansi Province,
that he would head a revolt against the
Nationalist government and overthrow
President Chang Kai-Shek, the gov
ernment'S state council last night APP.
proved mandate for 1.-The arrest and
subjugation" of Yen. The government
Is expected to issue the mandate to-
day. This is considered virtually a
declaration of war against the militarist
Northern alliance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06

ing to incite instruction, capital Of
Tense under Georgia law.
The men are free under bond OF
81, 500 on misdemeanor charges. Soil
citor General John A. Boykin said they
would be rearrested and denied bond.
Carr and Powers were arrested sew
eral weeks ago at a meeting here where
they were said to have spoken.
The indictment charges that they
"by persuasion, speech and circulating
literature attempted to incite insurrec-
ton and attempted TO- induce others
to ioin in a combined resistance to
lawful authorities OF the State OF
Georgia"
It is alleged in one true bill that
they tried to induce a crowd assembled
on the street to join in an attempt to
deliver them from the custody of ON
GERS, with intent to abolish, overthrow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06

of the Great Indian Peninsular Rail-
way forced their way into the station
and demanded free transportation to a
suburb. Their demand was refused and
police called. -
Railway officials closed the station
gates, enraging the strikers, who met
the police with q barrage Of stones.
They opened fire in retaliation.
The men are striking for better liv-
ing conditions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06

Police indicated o dynamite bomb had
been planted on the premises. Mrs.
Harry H. Parr, who lives near the build
across the KANSAS line, said she saw 4
motor car speed from the scene tmme-
diately after the blast.
Windows in homes and business
houses many blocks away were shattered
by the explosion. Hundreds Of alarmed
persons called police. T. j. RAyburn,
who lives nearly three miles from the
filling station, reported the blast
knocked him down.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
Fascist Open Air Library.

ROME R).-An aeronautical library
has been opened by the Fascist Univer.
sity League. It Is available to students
Of Fascist universities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
Observatory to Be Onened.

MILAN, italy (P.--An astronomical
observatory for both amateur and pro-
fessional students will be opened hele
in April. It will contain an ultra-power-
full teleScOpe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
SHORE LEAVE GIVEN
MIDDIES IN PORTO RICO
Ships of Atlantic Fleet Arrive in
Ports for Rest Period
Until April Is.
~ tha Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
SAN JUAN, Porto Rico, April s.
Ships Of the United States Atlantic
fleet, which have been engaged for
months in Winter maneuvers, yester-
day afternoon began arriving at the
ports of Mayaguez and Ponce to give
ono RS and men rest and shore leave
! until April Is.
BY Monday night, when the addi-
kional ships of the control force arrive
&C San Juan, more than 10000 sailors
viii be here for a recreation period.
vice Admiral Cole on the U. s. s.
Wyoming. arriving at Ponce, Is the
eAAking o11cer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
RADICALS CHARGED
WITH INCITlNG REVOLT
Two Alleged Communists Indicted
in Georgia for Plotting Insurrec-
ton, a Capital 0ffense.

BY the Associated Press.
ATLANTA, April 5.-Joe Carr and M.
H. Powers, alleged Communists, were
indicted by the Fulton County grand
jury yesterday on charges of attempt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06

and defeat the lawfully constituted po-
lice authorities"
Another indictment charges Carr and
Powers with circulating pamphlets from
which the presentment gave the fol-
lowing excerpt:
THE program Of the Communist
party includes the organization Of the
and declares. Against the bosses warsl
Defend the Soviet union! Smash the
National Guard. the G. M. T. C. and
the r, 0. T. CT"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
Monster Beacon Planned.

BUENOS AIRES (R.--A $4,000, O00-
candle power airway beacon, to be Wis
ible for 100 miles on clear night, will
be erected here. It Is the first Of It's
class planned for South America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
80 INJURED IN STRIKE
BY BOMBAY AlLWAY MEN
Two Thousand Natives Force Way
Into Station and Demand
Free Transportation.
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BOMBAY, India, April 5.-Thirty
persons were injured when police fired
into a crowd of striking railway men
here yesterday. A police sergeant.
woman and a man were so seriously
wounded that they were taken to a
hospital.
Two Thousand native strikers demon
strating outside the Victoria terminal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-06
KANSAS CITY BOMBING
LAID TO LABOR STRIFE
Recently Completed Filling Station
Destroyed and Residence Sec
ton Shaken.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
KANSAS CITY, April SAN out
break Of labor troubles, believed by o.
flcers to have resulted In destruction Of
numerous buildings in recent months,
was blamed for an explosion today
which destroyed a recently completed
filling station and rocked the South
west Kansas City residential section.
None was injured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

a ship Of the prescribed displacement of 5000
tons which was to bear the name of the IA
nous wartime raider Emden. When the new
Enlden was completed naval critics everywhere
looked at her rather approvingiy. The Ger
mans had done very WELL they agreed. Fairly
heavy armament: eight 6-inch guns, one or
two guns better than most ships of her class
Good speed, though not the highest; she could
make 20 knots, as against 33 or even 81 of
some of the other 6-inch gun cruisers. A mod
crate amount of light armor, well distributed
Light cruisers may be thankful if they get any.
armor at all. More than usually wide cruising
radius and boilered to bum either coal or oil
That would make The new Emden independent
of coaling stations if she should ever be called
on to emulate the feats of her namesake.
But the thing most noted about her was the
considerable saving in weight effected by the
use of hign-grade structural steel in thinner
plates than customary, of light metal parts in
many places where steel iron is ordinarily
used. and especially the very extensive employ
mant of electric welding instead of riveting.
All of these departures from the traditional in
shipbuilding cost money but they saved lot
of weight that could be invested in better pro-
lection, roomier accommodation for the crew,
more fuel, more ammunition
The Emden was followed by three more
6000-ton cruisers the Koenigsberg, Karlsruhe
and Koeln. These developed the weight-saving
principle still further and also supplemented
the steam turbines with Diesel engines for use
in cruising at economical speeds, thereby max
ing for considerable saving in fuel and a con-
Sequent wider radius of action. Since speed is
about the most expensive merchandise war
ship can spend displacement for, the builders
were content with 80 knots, little less than
that of comparative ships in other natives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

about as much potential fighting value out of
5000 tons as Americans have out of 1900
These ten United States cruisers by the way,
are Of exactly the type that number of Navy
men and Senators denounced during the debate
on the London treaty as untitled for Amer
lean needs The Navy men have not yet ex
planned why they consented to their construc-
ton, nor the Senator'S why they voted funds for
them. The fact is of course, that 6-inch-gun
cruisers have a high usefulness in some kinds
OF lighting During general fleet action, for
example, they would be more serviceabls than
the larger 8-inch-gun cruisers in breaking up
destroyer attacks, for their smaller guns could
find these fast targets more easily, and their
lighter but more rapidly discharged shell would
be more effective in putting torpedo craft out
OF action.
Neatly ten years elapsed after the Treaty of
Versailles before the Germans undertook the
construction Of any of the 10.000-ton ships al
lowed them. In the meantime the other naval
powers had been busiy at work on ships of that
displacement, but of quite a different type.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

They went in for speed rather than for protec-
ton, and their biggest guns were limited by the
Washington treaty to 3-inch caliber. Between
these and the huge, thickly armored heavily
armed battleship and battle cruisers there was
a wide gap The Germans again by making
savings in weight that were costly in money,
produced type of ship that stayed within the
limits of the 10O0O-ton displacement of a
treaty" cruiser and yet build up to battery
very closely approximating that of a battle
cruiser in power.
FIRST of this type was the ship designed to
replace the Preussen, of the battleships
which Germany had been permitted to keep
after the. armistice. The German word for
placement or substitute is "ersatz": hence the
ship was given the provisional name Ersatz-
Preusssn, which she still carries. Eventually
there will be six ships of this type, but as yet
none has been completed.
When the plans for these ships first leaked
into the foreign press they created sensation
abroad and something of a scandal at home;
for the German admiralty wanted to keep the
details secret for time. It was Immediately
evident that the ingenious Germans had again
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

WEIGHT thus saved was invested in protec-
ton, and in battery of nine 6-inch guns
that is the last word in efficiency. One of these
ships fire six eight salvos minute,
ranging up to 10000 yards-over eleven miles.
This means two and one-haf three tons of
steel and INT for a potential enemy To try to
dodge every sixty seconds. And since most of
the other 6-inch gun cruisers now afoat have
little or amor, the bets would seem to be
rather on the Germans, for their ships carry
a to 4-inch protective belt.
1t might be worth while to compare these
new German ships with the present 6-inch-
gun cruisers of the United States Navy. Amer
lea has ten ships of the Omaha class. The
Memphis, which brought Lindbergh back from
France is one of them. These are larger than
the Koeln class; 1900 tons against 5000.
They are faster by about two knots and they
carry more guns--tWelve against nine But
the guns are so distributed that the American
broadside is one gun less than the German
eight as against nine. And the United States
ships have thinner side armor-three inches at
the thickest as against four. All around, the
Germans have, by spending more money in in
genious weight-saving, succeeded in getting just
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

stolen a march on the rest of the world Yhe
limit of 10000 tons had purposely been imposed
by the allies to prevent Germany from having
any more battleships. These new ships are not
battlsships. They couldn't stand half hours
encounter with even one of the older dread
naughts But their 27-knot speed will enable
them to avoid such encounters.
There are, to be sure, plenty of ships in the
world that could catch these new German n.y.
birds. The treaty cruiser type has plenty OF
such cruiser viii try to catch the Ersatz-
Preusssn if he knows what's good for his ship
unless he can slip up under cover of fog or
darkness to a range where his 8-inch guns,
with their more rapid rate of fire. could coun-
terbalance the harder hitting longer ranged
guns of the German ship.
The advantage of the ErSatZ- PreuSsen in
such an imaginary combat would not accrue
wholly from her heavier guns. She is also
more heavily armored than the treaty cruiS-
erS. The details of her armor scheme have
been kept rather quiet but it appears that her
main protective belt is about five inches thick.
Behind this main belt is a second deep wall of
light armor to localze the effects of shells that
might penetrate and burst, and also for pro-
lection against torpedoes.
A criticism that has been leveled against the
treaty cruisers is that they are not armored
against ships bearing their own type of main
battery guns Their armor is good against g.
inch guns at long ranges, and partially good
it is not good against 8-inch guns at any
range; and by the same token it is even less
good against the l1-inch guns of the new
German ships.
THIS weakness in armor of the 8-inch-gun
cruisers has been sharply criticized by one
of Americas leading naval architects, Prof.
William Hovgaard of the Massachusetts, Insti-
tute of Technology Professor Hovgaard be-
leved it would be better to cut the main bat
terry down to six 8-inch guns in two triple tur-
rets, as they mounted in the Ersatz-
Prsussen, reduce the present high speeds some
what, and invest the saving in weight in better
MINOR
It is indeed an open question whether sny
other nation can meet the German challenge
in propulsion machinery. The new ships are
to be wholly Desel-driven; the first large war
ships in the world to be so engined. The $4,000
horsepower for which they are designed will be
developed by two sets of extremely lightweight
Diesel engines, said to weigh only sixteen
pounds per horsepower far lighter than any
other marine Dieses now in existence
OF course Diesel engines cost money, much
more per horsepower than steam. The lavish
grade steel costs more money. Building in
armor plates as integral parts of the structure,
instead of merely boiling them the hun,
costs still more. And using electric Welding in
stead of riyeting adds further to the expense.
So when the total bill is added up the Ersatz-
Preussen will set the German treasury back
600, exactly twice the cost of treaty"
cruiser of the same displacement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14

p ECENT reports of the sale of sawdust fer
tilizer, while they caused much amusement
at the expense of the purchaser, were not quite
so ridiculous as they seemed
or course, as fertilizer. sawdust is of no value,
but it can be used TO advantage in certain types
of soil For instance, in vary sandy SOIL from
which moisture is lost rapidly, certain amount
of sawdust dug in around roses and other
plants and shrubs will serve to hold moisture
in the soil 1t will help, too, to tighten heavy
clay soils. This is the ony use that it has how
ever, fer so far as fertilizng is concerned the
sawdust is of value or, at best. of very
negligible value
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14
The CATCH in Cruiser Disarmament

Hoe NegO Macy Building Race Nay De-
7eJop, in Spite Of the London Limitations
ofA,ms Conference, All Because Germany
Is Spending Tzueuty Million Dollars on
EachofHerNez0 A,mored Ships, Making
Them 7zcice as Strong as OTHER Nations
Cruisers Which Haze Hereiofore Cost
only Ten Million.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-09-14
only Ten Million.
BY FRANK THONE.

:: !: :; e +; g: e; e.: E:
relief