davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

age. Some had ....e tops frozen, as
the same agec grapefruit trees, while
others showed practically no damage,
but they, like the grapefruit, set very
little fruit this year. Some of the
Mexican varieties blocmed and had
a very satisfactory crop this year,
following last winters cold. So
much for our climate, on ayocadoS.
Sandy Soil Best
Nov, as to the soil, We have a
great variety OF soil types and at
this time we do not know which
types are best adapted to the avo-
cado; however, I believe that med
ium sandy soil will be the best, as 1t
Is In California. Avocados will grow,
however, on the light sandy soil,
and on the dark, heavy soil. The
avocado requires a very open and
well drained soil and will not stand
any amount Of excessive water, or
poor drainage conditions. Our soil
Is very open and If we take care OF
surface drainage, We should have no
difficulty with the avocado on
drowning out. However. they do not
tolerate a seepage condition IN any
stage. On the other hand, the avo-
cado is a very thirsty plant and re-
quires about twice the amount of
water that a young citrus tree re-
quires through its first two or three
years. A great many trees in the
Valley have not done well because
they have failed TO receive frequent
and careful waterings.
Another feature which has a great
deal TO do with the avocado Is the
heat and humidity condition Of the
atmosphere. After carefully check
ing weather conditions through the
summer over some Of their good
avocado sections In California, !
find that the Valley offers as favor
able. or even more favorable atmoS-
pheric growing condition than does
California in some sections where
avocados are being grown success
fully. Being close TO the gulf. as
we are, we get a breezs off the Gulf
practically all summer that Is high
in humidity. The nights through
the summer nearly always being
damp. which is very favorable for
growing the avocado. Space will
not permit the comparison Of gov
eminent reports on the relative hui
midity and temperatures, but from
all comparisons. We are very fav-
orably located for the avocado, from
a climatic standpoint.
Must Protect From Winds
There Is another feature that
must be considered in the Valley.
which I believe Is our most import
ant hazard in avocado growing.
and that IS Dur spring trade winds
and our winter northers. The avo-
cado tree. as well as the young
bloom and fruit. will not stand a
constant blowing wind. rustling
the tree about. without severe dam
age. We can overcome this condi-
ton by planting proper wind
breaks.
Avocado groves should be pro-
tected from our southeast spring
trade winds. which come az bloom
ing time, and on the north and
west from the winter dry north
ers. That would cause some drop
Of the fruit. blowing through un-
protected groves OF avocados. At
the present time the athol seems
TO be the best wind protection and
by planting wind breaks enclosing
ten acre blocks, ] believe 1t Is very
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

practical 20 completely protect our
avocados from these two winds. We
are very fortunate III not having
the storm winds to contend with.
Whether Or not YOU like avocado5
yourself has very little to do with
the commercial markets. The
avocado Is practically unknown in
a large commercial way in all OF
the northern markets. but is being
accepted and paid for at a very
high price where introduced by
the California and Florida avocado
associations.
Contains Much Oil
The avocado fruit Is IN a class
by itself. 1t contains a very high
percentage OF vegetable oil and fat
and Is used principally at present
In salads and as a salad fruit:
however, new uses include sand
wich spread. and one OF the latest
and / believe, one OF the most
promising uses, is avocado ice
cream. which gives ice cream the
rich buttery flavor Of cream and
milk and at the same time carries
the vegetable taste. There are al
most unlimited uses to which the
avocado fruit a be put and I
foresee a tremendous market for
this fruit on a commercial basis
and at a slightly lower price than
1t now sells for. Being located. as
we are. in the South Central part
OF the United States, we can reach
a number OF the large cities
through the Mississippi Valley and
middle west territory much quicker
and cheaper than either California
or Florida, which Is q distinct sd-
vantage IN marketing avocados.
Brings Good Prices
To give you an idea OF the price
the avocado fruit Is bringing. I
quote herewith some statistics
from the Calavo News, the official
organ of the Calavo Growers or
California. the Avocado Marketing
association. For q nine months
period ~l927-ls28, average, al
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
Valley Facts

si27. OOO, 900 assessed valuation OK
four Valley counties.
$3I0,o00,O 900 estimated real value.
100000 gain for year in assess
ed valuations.
l7s.0s7 population Of four Valley
counties.
$4,000 acres under irrigation In
1880.
New irrigation projects approx
imately 280. 900 acres.
$4,000 acres reached by the
present canal system.
Over 1880 miles OF canals in the
Valley systems.
Over 100000 acres planted to cit
rus.
6.0Ol, l01 citrus trees In orchards,
including 9,2lO.650 grapefruit trees.
l.440.l22 oranges. and 359.329 other
citrus.
approximately 100000 trees will
be bearing in 1882.
$4,000 cars estimated production
in three years.
More than 100000 invested In
plants.
10000 cars estimated vegetable
and fruit production In 1930-3i
season.
$500, 900 food control project Ia
protect entire Valley recently
completed. financed by the state.
Direct benefit to Valley as re-
suit flood control estimated nc
$50 00. 900.
over $50 miles surfaced highways
completed in Valley. mostly con-
crete.
Other roads financed will bring
total to 300 miles.
Paved highways extend through
all four Valley counties, feeder
roaas to practically all farms.
Paved roads connect with beaches.
Valley highway program rep
reser-s investment OF $4,000 900. J,
over 100 miles paved streets IN
Valley cities. All towns have pave
ment.
$4,000 900 expended on Valley
schools past three years.
81 1000. 900 spent on Valley church,
eS past three years.
$l0.000.0O0 spent for city paving.
municipal buildings and improve
ments by Valley cities past three
years.
First class hotels. representing
investments ranging from $4,000
% s6Oc goo. In ali major towns.
Valley has best schools in South,
consolidated schools giving rural
pupils advantage OF urban centers.
Buses operated free OF cost ID
pupils
Five well equipped hospitals. me
Brownsville. Harrington, Mercedes,
McAllen and Edi-burr, rank among
best in state.
Two railroads, Missouri Pacific
and Southern Pacific. have approx
imately 4l0 miles line on four
Valley counties.
No farm IN irrigated section
more than five miles from rail-
road loading point.
Thirty-five new towns and load
ing points established In Valley
past three years as result OF rail-
road extensions.
Five golf courses, Brownsville,
Harrington, Mercedes. McAllen, Ed
inburg.
Average maximum temperature
82.6 degrees.
Average minimum temperature
64.4 degrees.
Average annual rainfall 2S.le
inches.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
JUST A BIZ STRONG

CHICAGO.-During last April, r.
5. Hendricks bought a a II did
not run TO suit him and he wanted
the company to exchange it. The
company refused. As the story goes
Hendricks decorated the car with
"a lemon" sign and drove IL around
town, offering to trade it any
time for a flivver." The company
sued for 100000 because Of injury
TO its reputation.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

itably grown. 3-Cottcn IS another crop which WIlacy county can
and does rrcdrcA OF q big scale. cabbage nearly always yields a
profit TO lne grower. 51Grapefruit Is shown here in clusters from
MAlch habit Of growth it derives its name. 6-Wflacy countys onions
re the first American grown on the market every spring. This is one
OF the largest onion producing areas In the country. IA produetive
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
Facts About Brownsville

Facts About Brownsville
Established 1850. R
Population. 1880 census, 22.05o.Y
Increase in past ten years, or
per cent.
Largest city IN, and metropolis
OF rich Lower Rio Grande Valley.
Bank resources approximately
So, 200. 900. Financial and whole
sale jobbing center or Lower Rio
Grande Valley and Northern Mex
leo. Five banks.
Has nine paved highways radi-
ating out OF city in every direction.
VIII have paved highway con-
nectionS soon with principal points
in Mexico.
Is most important international
airport in United States.
Has 25-foot $4,000 900 deep water
port financed. work 10 start soon.
Has forty miles OF paved streets.
Municipality owned power and
light and water plant. serving city
and residential suburbs.
-Four railway systems, three 10
points north. and one into Mexico.
All important fraternal orders are
represented.
City tax rate, $3.50 per 500 val
uation.
Natural gas.
Modern hotels and tourist parks.
Fifteen churches.
Highly developed school system.
with enrolment OF 1914.
Gulf breeze makes days and
nights cool IN summer.
Mild winter climate, average tenn
perature for year being 70.
Property valuation, for taxation,
Of Sl6,l62.35l.
Criminal records show minimum
OF crime Of any kind. Robberies,
hoodlumism unknown.
A progressive. cooperative spirit
among all citizens.
An active. progressive Chamber
OF Commerce.
City manager form OF goveFH-
ment. with most efficient handling
| OF all city affairs.
Large, rapidly developing agri-
cultural area surrounding Browns
vile.
Headquarters for new oil de-
FtAOpI1clLS III ana west or
Valley 10 be located az Brownsville.
Two years affiliated University
work available at Brownsville Jun
Tor College.
Center OF a virtual paradise or
hunting. fishing and other sports.
Brownsville Is becoming recog-
nized as one of the leading summer
and winter resorts OF the South
west.
Fort Brown has the best health
record OF any. army post In the
United States.
Brownsville has several beautiful.
winding resacas CORNER beds on
the Rio Grande) which iii into
It's park and Identification scheme.
Other beautiful resacas are &c
Olmito. Barreda and FL Jardin
Near Browp-ville are three FAM
ous battlefields-Palo Alto Mey-
lean War;. Resaca de Ia Palma
mexican War. ard Palnito Hill
Civil War;. For details about these
and location call at Chamber or
Commerce Tourist Department.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
VALUATIONS MORE
THAN DOUBLED in 10 YEARS

In spite Of the fact that Willacy
county has been created within the
past decade, taking some territory
from Cameron county, valuations Of
Cameron county have more than
doubled during the past ten years,
according TO figures given out BY
Arthur Cowden, tax assessor.
The taxable valuations increased
from s23 COG ,240 in 1920 to $50,6l7,-
600 at the present time.
At the present time valuations OF
Cameron county property are divid-
ed into Sc. ,480 personal property
and S43, 903. 500 real estate.
Valuations of Cameron county
were s~3,174,7l0 in 1900. s1l ,059, 631
in 1910 and S23 SOC .240 in 1920. These
figures show that valuations grew
as much in the last ten years. from
1920 to 1880 as they increased in the
20 years from 1900 TO 1920.
Highways Aid Growth
Construction OF flood control
works and a paved highway system
have done much towards increasing
values of property in Cameron
county as well as the tremendous
development OF lands and indust-
ricS.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
Valuations have grown as follows
n the last ten ears.
FORCED TO VOTE

PANAMA CITY.-Panama's
revised election laws place a penalty
on all those working for the gov
eminent and those doing business
with the government who fail 10
vote. This Is an effort TO get part
OF the 90 per cent Of the voting
public or Panama who don't vote
to 60 to the polls. Penalty in the
first case Is loss Of office; in the
latter loss Of contracts.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

ey Possibilities
aitions in the Valley are
II would call ideal for the
I avocados, but after ana
J different phases careful
.ieve that We can develop
ado in a commercial way
yalley and that when we have
/ more of the fruit and It's
We will be able TO make II
our expectations. l
outline for you some Of the
important reasons why we
no growing ayocadOS as a
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
FLOWER CLOCK

LONDON.-A Cheitenham watch
maker has designed a floral clock
that keeps accurate time. 1t Is set
in a plot Of ground with decorative
borders. The operating mechanism
Is in a base u the center to which
metal hands are attached. Numbers
on the clocks face" are made Of
flowers. Sixty small flowers repre-
sent the minute graduatiors on the
face.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
ELECTION

STACNTCN, Va--Carnev Katy
Rosser, Sc, who ran on an indeDend-
ent Republican ticket for a sea-
the House OF Representative
the 10th Virginia district, was de-
feated and lost his al. Shortly after
RS defeat. he was found obtaining
focd and shelter from the Saliva
ton Army here. Then he applied
for admission 10 the alnshcuse.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
AVOCADO seen
AS new CROP
Discussion of Varieties I.
Given BY Nurseryman
Of Valley
BY N MILLER

Not so many years ago citrus
fruit growing in the Rio Grande
Valley, on a commercial scale, did
not mean much TO MANY people.
Some Of the old-time citrus plant
ers can recall how they were criti-
cised. That has been only Is or ID
years ago., not so long in any in
dnstry. Today, I doubt IL YOU can
find very many people in the Valley
who would give YOU any encourage
ment IL you should mention the
growing of avocados.
The growing of avocados in the
Valley is very new and at the pres
ent time. very experimental. How
ever, / am going to give you some
of my findings and personal opin-
ions regarding the avocado and It's
future in the VALLEY.
The avocado is a sub-tropical
fruit. being an evergreen tree ana
usually growing in the tropical
highlands Of Central and South
America. The avocado is divided
into three races. or plant families.
being the West Indian. Gnatemalan
and the Mexican.
The West Indian will stand prac-
tically no frost at all. growing in a
very wet tropical climate and the
fruit Is usually very watery, in
sipid and does not have the eat
ing qualities Of the Guatemalan
and the Mexican.
Is More Hardy
The Guatemalan avocado will
stand considerably more frost than
the West Indian. Some OF the
harder GuatemalanS will stand
Temperatures down as low as 20 or
"a degrees without seriousl- DAM
aging the tree.
Inc fruit OF the Guatemalan is
very large, having a very thick,
leathery skin. and is the best ship
ping fruit OF all. Most all OF this
race commercially cultivated It
present requires from u to l6
months 10 mature the fruit from
time of blooming. which Is not so
desirable.
The Mexican avocados. OF thin
skins. as they are termed CONNER
cially. grow in Central and North
Mexico. and are the hardest OF TIE
avocado races. Some OF the Mexi-
can varieties will stand as low as
rs degrees r. without serious in
Jury. Twenty TO twenty-four de-
grces do not usually damage them
seriously, depending of curse on
the doTmancy Of the tree.
The Mexican fruit is usually
small. weighing five to twelve
ounces having a very large seed and
thin skin. and are very difficult TO
ship any great distance: however.
the quality of the Lat Is very fine
and for markets that can be reach
ed the Mexican variety is a good
seller.
Hybrid Is Best
The hybrid strain. in my opinion,
will furnish the basis upon which
our industry Will be established
The hybrid, such as the Fuerte, is
a cross between the Guatemalan
and Mexican aces. developing a
very hardy tree and combining the
fruit quality necessary for CONNER
: cial fruit.
-oradou Iike citrus fruit, were
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28
WATER. WATER.

How much milk does that COW
give?"
About eight quarts
And how much milk do YOU sell?'
About twelve quarts."-AnswerS.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

<)QQary crop 10 1Al4uS Az 'AS va
AvocadoS are being grown on
q Monumental scale in both Califor-
ahia and Florida and have, Just with
in the last few years, come into CON-
mercial development.
Generally speaking, the Mexican
and hybrid races OF avocaooS re-
o,,ire the same climatic conditions
that grapefruit require. that Is. they
will stand generally as much cold
rs the grapefruit trees; some OF the
harder varieties viii stand as much
cold as the orange A great many
people have been discouraged in the
Valley because they tried a few
seedlings which would freeze down
very easily This is all because Of
the race. I am mentioning this TO
particularly call your attention TO
the hardness of the avocado which
we expect to grow
Some Growing Here
At the present time in the Valley
there are a number Of trees scat
tered In different localities some Of
which are bearing and 1--we been
for three or four years The varie-
ties that are producing, however,
are mostly seedlings. presumably
grown from seed taken from Mexi-
a fruit, as most Of the varieties
bearing are Mexican seedlings
There are, however, some budded
varieties in the Valley which ] have
been observing carefully for the past
two years, that are giving excellent
accounts Of themselves, and although
they have not had very much fruit
TO date, this could be natural where
they are planted one or two trees TO
themselves. as the particular vari-
cites under observation DO better
when planted in grove formation;
they seem to get a better crop where
they can crcsS-pollinize.
The Fuerte observed after last
winters cod showed very little dam
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-12-28

Cambridge. home OF the famous
English university. has q Greater
Cambridge" plan, and wishes TO an
mex several nearby villages
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1930-06-19
Going
Good Says Clerk

Dan Cupid has been working stead
lily during the first half of June, 1880
According to the Clerk of Courts re-
cords twenty-one marriage licenses
have been issued in the first seventeen
days. Those securing licenses, except
three withheld from publication by
request, are as follows: Carl Edward
Pearson to Marie M. Johnson, Paul
B. Solt to Evelyn Neither, Toivo w.
Norlund to Ellen F. Pyykko, Edward
M. Danelski to Anne M. Stepan, Fred
CrOttean to Marie Shuda, Roy w. And
erson to Mae Rudquist. Walter Nielsen
to Edith Hammar, Alfred L. Sjowall
to jeanette A. Eitens, Clarence O..
Colsrud to Hazel B. Harmon, Heriuf
p. Rasmussen to Paula Madsen, By
ron r. johnson to Florence l. Dahl
berg, Oscar w. Anderson to Helen M
Almquist, Harold e. Java to Frances
A. Profit, Oliver Nelson to Lillian M.
Shair, John M. Budiex to Vera O.
Huber, Emil B. Nelson to Irene M.
Roe, William F. Strelow to Elsie NJ.
Swanson, Joseph r. Hurley to Helen
A. Role.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1930-06-19
FARM SCHOOL
BODY FORMED
Alumni Of School of Agriculture Meet
in Reunion and Elect Officers
at Rutledge Sunday.

Alvin Jensen, a Graduate of the
School of Agriculture in the class Of
1928, was elected president of the
Pine County Alumni association at
the Reunion of the graduates of the
School of Agriculture at Uuniver-
sity Farm, St Paul, which was held
at Rutledge on the banks of Kettle
river Sunday, June Is. A permanent
organization was perfected and the
other officers elected were: Allen Bail
eff Of Pine City, graduate of the class
OF 1913, vice president; Marie Buck,
undergraduate Of Askov, secretary;
Omar Holland, undergraduate of Pine
City, treasurer; and Art ODonnell OF
Rock Creek, graduate Of the class Of
1925, director at large.
J. 0. Christianson, principal Of the
School Of Agriculture was the main
speaker. He stressed the Importance
of rural education, stating that farm
relief would come when rural Ameri-
ca was educated along agricultural
economic, and political lines and
through the schools Of agriculture in
Minnesota, this form Of education can
be secured. He cOmplimented Pine
county on the fine group Of boys and
girls that are attending and have at
tended the School OF Agriculture.
VIM. bankers, former supervisor Of
summer projects. as well as Philip
s wensen the present supervisor,
spoke. w. F. Hammargren, county
agent and graduate Of the class of
1915, was chairman Of the days pro-
gram.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1930-06-19
Northwest Gymnastic Festival Will
be held at Fair Grounds
Hippodrome Sunday,
June 22 at g %. M.
Crack Team of Ladies and Men
From Chicago and Teams From
Minnesota, North Dakota
Wisconsin to be There.

-. not a glorious history, but &C
tive energetic present only is a guar
antee of the nations future -
This thought expressed by DR.
Miroslav Tyrs some seventy years ago
at Prague in what was then Bohemia
now Czechoslovakia, is characteristic
of the mold and the trend of the
Czech character Though, in the
bleak and dismal November of 1920 a,
the Battle of Bila Hora, the Bohemian
states were crushed in defeat by the
victorious Hapsburgs, the Czech ideals
and aspirations were not crushed
Political rights had vanished for them
for the time being but the people
would not and did not give up in
despair. Latent activities and clande-
slime meetings kept alive their ma
tional consciousness; the language
the traditions, the culture remained
alive.
In the nineteenth century when the
spirit of governmental freedom and
religious tolerance began to spread
over Europe, Bohemia again became
aware of its possibility of release
from Hapsburg bondage. Awakened
anew to this consciousness, the Czechs
again, as they always had, responded
to the call to union. 1t was a happy
circumstance that at that time Fran
tisek Palacky wrote and published his
History of Bohemia" Thus, we have
a record of the events of Bohemia's
Dark Ages which otherwise would
have been forgotten.
A most important step in that di-
rection was the organization of the
Sokols. DIR. Tyrs, professor of phil
osophy at the University of Prague,
fOresaw in such organization, the
strong element in re-establishing the
of Bohemia. The name,
itself as matter of fact, carries out
the apt symbology. Sokol is the b.
hemian word for falcon, that fearless
bird, swift to act and sure of flight.
The society was originally established
as gymnastic training society first
at Prague in 1852, but,
as the falcon symbOlized the indomit-
able courage which the Czech people
cherished and maintained through the
ong years of oppression, so the Sokol
group kept intact that desire for in
dependence by meeting socially as
Continued on Page 1O)
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1930-06-19
The Sok0l (Fdlcon) Society
Sun,bOLizes Czech COURAGE
WALTONS ENJOY BIG
CROW SHOOT FEED

The members of the Finlayson and
McGrath chapters of the Izaak Wal
ton league, their wives and guests
enjoyed a wonderful dinner and eve
ming of dancing at Harty's lodge Tues
day evening as the result of a crow
shooting contest sponsored by the two
chapters.
There were lis people there from
both the McGrath and Finlayson COM
munities. The two chapters deserve
much credit for staging an event of
this kind as it not only rids the COM
munity of crows but tends to bring
the two chapters into more friendly
relationship.
ID. c. Lane, secretary of the
McGrath chapter gave a very interest
ing talk at the close of the evenings
entertainment.