Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-05
ITALY TO EXTEND
SCOPE OF UNIONS
Council to Include All Forms
of Industrial, Professional
and Economic Life.

ROME (Pl.-"The Cooperative State"
as Italy'S interesting experiment in the
organization of government is called.
Is undergoing extensive changes on
the occasion of its first anniversary.
THE Cooperative State" means the
body of Italy's unions of employers and
employees, through which her represent
alive government is carried on. There
being no political parties except that
of the FaSciStS, these unions nomi-
nate representatives to the Chamber of
Deputies, subject to revision by the
grand council of the party.
They also regulate the economic life
of the nation. They compose differ
ences between capital and labor. They
are called corporations, and hence the
name Cooperative State"
Called Most Original Work.
The Cooperative State is declared the
most characteristic and original of the
constructive works of the Fascist revo-
luton. The changes in its organiza-
ton will tend to extend its originality
and influence.
ThsGe developments center around the
national council of corporations, the
governing body within the Cooperative
State. Joseph Bottai, minister of cor
porations, mas presented to Parliament
the necessary law for extending this
national council to embrace every form
of industrial. economic and professional
life. The national council will con-
tinue, of course. to depend. as all things
In Italy depend. upon Mussolini.
Contains Seven Sections.
Every division of legitimate work for
profit in Italy is contained under seven
sections, whose ruling councils compose
the national council of corporations.
They are, briefly:
1. The professions and the arts,
comprising lawyers. journalists. editors,
doctors. veterinarians, economists,
s0ciologists, chemists. pharmacists,
painters, sculptors, authors. musicians,
architects. actors and others connected
with the theater.
2. Employers in industry, industrial
workers. foremen and two representa-
tiveS of the national association of
cooperation.
3-Employers and employees in agri-
culture. overseers, agricultural techni-
clans and two representatives of the CO.
operation association.
employers and employees in trade,
foremen and two cooperative repre-
Sentatives.
employers. workers and foremen in
sea and air transport and cooperative
representatives.
6-EmployerS, employees and foremen
engaged in land transport and internal
waterways navigation.
employers and employees of banks.
Salaries Are Arranged.
The corporations arrange the salaries
Of the employees and working conditions.
If there is dispute the governing body
of the corporation settles 1t, or it goes
on to the National Council of Corpora
lions.
There are no strikes in Italy. The
Cooperative State has stopped them.
When there are disputes such as usually
would result in strikes in other coun-
tries. the corporation settles the dispute,
and the government backs the decision.
This year, for the first time, the cor
porationS made the nominations for the
Chamber of Deputies. Each corporation
was allotted a certain number of nomi-
nations. Section No. l, for instance,
nominated $50 members. The sum to-
tai of these nominations is greater than
the number TO be elected-40O. The
Fascist grand council makes the final
selection. The voter says yes or mo-
to the entire 400. H cannot scratch the
ticket.