The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1930-01-03
Twelve Months Human History American and Foreign, Told in Tabloid !.

ton of the Rhineiand long before
the time set by the treaty of Yer
sailles. Withdrawals from two OF
the occupied zones was completed
late in the year, and by the middle
of December all the British troops
had departed.
One Of the most important fea.
lures of the Young plan was the
setting up in Basel, Switzerland, OF
a Bank Of International Settle
ments.
The allied nations and Germany
settled most of the remaining
World war questions, including the
payments to Belgium for the worth
less German marks left in that coun-
try.
Russia and China, disputing over
the control and management of the
Chinese Eastern railway, came to
blows along the Manchurian bor-
ders, and though there was no dec
laration of war, the fighting con
tinued for months. The Russians
were the aggressOrs, making fire.
quent raids into Chinese territory
and destroying a number Of towns.
"White" Russians ia Manchuria
yer especially the object of their
attacks. Finally. late in November,
China appealed to the powers to
persuade Russia to abide By the
KellOgg-Briand pact, which both
Russia and China had signed. Pres
ident Hoover led the way in re-
Spouse to this request, but mean
while negotiations had begun be-
tween Moscow and the provincial
government of Manchuria, and Mos
COW resented the American note as
unnecessary and mot a friendly ac-
ton"
The Nationalist government Of
China made repeated attempts to
persuade the United States and
other powers to surrender their ex-
traterritOrial rights in China, but
with small success.
Italy and the Vatican at Peace.
Early in February negotiations
for the resumption Of friendly re-
latiOns between Italy and the Vati-
can were completed and a treaty
was signed by which Italy recOg-
nized the full sovereignty Of the
pope and the quarrel WHICH had
lasted 30 years was ended. The
separation of church and state in
Italy was made official, and the Vat
lean, with some adjacent land
given the status of an Independent
state. 1t was called Vatican City"
and Plus XI promulgated a cOnsti-
tuition for it.
One other old quarrel was settled
amicably, through the efforts of
President Hoover. This was the
Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile
and Peru. The territory was diyid-
ed and every one was satisfied ex-
cept Bolivia, which had hoped for
an outlet to the sea-.
Elihu Roots formula for adhe-
sion Of the United States to the
Court of International Justice, com
monty known as the World court,
was accepted by the League Of Ma
lions and the court itself. 1t sat
isles in the main the reservation
long ago made by the senate, but it
will be necessary for that body to
pass upon the matter again. The
protocol was signed in December on
behalf of President Hoover by J. 2.
Moffat, American charge d'affaires
at Berne, Switzerland.
In January the high council of the /
Salvation Army, in session in Eng
land, voted to depose General Bran
we'll Booth from the command be-
cause it was thought i'll health had
made him incompetent. The old
general fought the decision through
the courts, but on February 10 he
was finally ousted and Edward j.
Higgins was elected to succeed him.