Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-16
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Europe the. Italian group Is
= at present in less favorable
position. Italy had to choose
for her allies from what France had
left unattached in Central and Eastern
Europe. Hungary, downtrodden and
Impoverished accepted Italys support
with JOY. Surrounded by powerful hos
tile nations, Jugoslayia, Rumania and
Czechoslovakia, she welcomed Italy's
friendly advances and, for the time be-
ing, moral support. From the political
point of view Hungary is a useful tool
in Italy's hands. Hungary is king
dom without king. BY the treaty Of
Trianon she was allowed to remain q
kingdom, but was forced to Danish the
Hapsburg dynasty and promise never
to allow them to come back to the
Hungarians have been in quest of
king, but no European prince seemed
willing to accept the job. Now the son
Of the late King Karl Is coming OF age
and the Hungarians wish to set him
on the throne In spite of the Trianon
treaty. This may happen some time
IN November.
The young prince himself is quite a
harmless young man; just ID years old
and with no experience whatsoever, Yet
the Little Entente (Jugoslavia, Czecho-
slovakia and Rumania) have issued
warning notes to the Hungarians that
the return of a Hapsburg King would
be considered by them as breach of
the peace treaty and the Hungarians
would have to suffer all the conse-
Quences of such an act. Hungary feels
that the question of who should be the
legitimate ruler of the country should
be matter for the Hungarians them
selves to decide. They claim that they
Gf he oil ri he r.
ment of the Hapsburg dynasty under
duress budapest was then occupied by
Rumanian troops, and that since no
European prince has been willing to
accept the Hungarian throne in these
last 10 years they are entitled to put
on the throne whomever they want.
Italy Promises Support.
The threats of the Little Entente
have thrown the Hungarians into the
arms Of Italy. The italian government
promised the Hungarians to support
them in case Of trouble; Mussolini, who
Is said to be arranging marriage be-
tween the young Hapshurg prince and
the daughter of the King of italy, feels
that the Little Entente powers win not
dare declare war on Hungary on the
dynastic question. BY espousing the
Hungarian cause Italy is securing a
Europe. In the meantime, If the Little
Entente powers accept in spite Of
themselves the return OF q Hapsburg,
italy viii be gaining diplomatic VIC
tory over France Finally, If Archduke
Otto Is proclaimed King, Hungary
would be the first country to revise
one of the peace treaties. How sue
cessful Mussolinis policy is going TO be
remains to be seen; in any case today
the relations between Italy and Hum
gary are extremely cordial and Italy
Is pledged to support Hungary.
Marriage Seals Friendship.
Bulgaria emerged from the great
war weaker and poorer than Hungary.
The hostility of Jugoslavia has thrown
her into the arms of Italy, too. The
antagonism between Jugoslavia and
Italy has made her Italy's natural ally.
Italy has hastened to seal this friend
ship by marrying the fourth daughter
Of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy to
King Boris Of Bulgaria. Strategically
Bulgaria can be Of great Importance to
Italy. It Is true that the Bulgarian
army has been reduced to a small po-
lice force, but the Bulgarians are splen-
did fighters. In the Macedonian noun
tatns there are some hundred and
twenty thousand Bulgarian COM
mitadjis (politicaI brigands) who in
case Of trouble can bother the Jugo-
slavs considerably. They have proved
TO be unexcelled guerrillas, and should
the strained relations between Jugo-
slavia and Italy lead to an armed con-
met they can keep at least 100000
Serbian troops busy in spite Of Bull
garia's military weakness. These men
live in the mountains where they were
born and their raids can be extremely
troublesome to the Serbians.
A prominent Serbian general is
known to have stated that he was more
worried about the Bulgarian commit
adjis than of the whole italian army.
II the Italians are able to supply the
Bulgarians, and especially those Mace
DOMAIN mountaineers, with SUFFICIENT
war material, mainly rifles, machine
guns and hand grenades. the efficiency
OF the Jugosiav army will be reduced.
according to military experts, by at
least 80 per cent
German Position Uncertain.
What win Germany do in case Of a
conflict between the French and the
Italian group Of powers is dificult to
forecast. The present German Govern
ment viii certainly refuse to become
involved in such q conflict. The mod
crate Germans maintain that Germany
viii have everything to lose II she gets
entangled In war and everything to
gain II she remains outside. Students
Of the European situation maintain,
however, that moderate government
would not last long in Germany If
Europe were ablaze again. The eco
nomic situation in Germany Is going
from bad TO worse, and the Germans
are convinced that the source Of their
troubles (high taxes, unemployment
and economic depresSion) Is due exclu-
sively to the Young plan. It Is openly
admitted, even by the most pacific
minded Germans, that the Young plan
cannot last, and that within q very
short time Germany win be compelled
TO ask for moratorium which will
eventually lead to complete suspen-
sion of reparation payments
On the other hand, Frances inces-
SAINT war preparations are melting in
stead of soothing the Germans. Ger
many's statesmen are volcing popular
feeling when they charge the French
5 with having broken the Versailles treaty
by not keeping their pledge Of disarm-
ing ~ years after the end Of the war
In Frances powerful ornaments and
in her political and military alliances
the German nation sees q continual
threat to Germany. Furthermore, the
Germans. rightly or wrongly, feel that
France wants to keep them down 81
Jon as possible.
Spirit Of Locarno Vanishing.
The spirit Of Locarno, most political
observers say, Is vanishing rapidly In
both countries. II Is gradually being
replaced by q spirit Of intense national.
ism. That can be seen IN France, where
even such Socialists and paciflsts as thu
keEmer Prime Ministers Edouard Her.
rio and Paul Painleve talk about tn.
necessity OF France being properl,
armed to face AL eventualities. ant
where Socialist members OF Parliament
art2 ..,ftf.<,n.k 2.&Msfatf<ssa farun esgrx.e IN,