davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
WHAT GOVERNMENT COSTS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

The American people are extravagant
in their expenditures for the blessings
OF government as well as in the matter
OF automobiles, radios and the thou
sand and one other things for which
they spend their nloney. Figures have
just been completed showing what is
spent on government of all kinds, Fed
eral, State, county and municipal, and
they show the amazing total for 1927,
the latest year for which q compila-
ton has been made, Of $12,179 .000, 900.
Each year sees the amount increase,
not because Of Federal expenditures,
but because Of those Of the States and
lesser jurisdictions. How the march of
expenditures has continued Ray be
seen from these figures. In 1923 the
total Of all expenditures for government
was $40, 49,, 900 900, In 1924 It was SlO,-
974 900 900, in 1925, $11,126, 0O0, 900; in
1926, $11, 616, 900 900, and in 1927, Sl2,-
10000, 900. Going back to 1918, we
find that the expenditure was only
So, 919, 900 900.
1t will be remembered that President
Coolidge warned the American people
OF their extravaganza and pointed out
that local governments were far more
costly than the Federal Government, in
spite Of the fact that the States need
not support any army or navy or carry
on many other activities which devolve
upon the United States. Local govern
ments in 1927 spent $685.. 000, 900. an
increase Of $500 ,00O, 900 over the pre-
viouS year. This Is to be compared
with $4,000 100000 expended by the
Federal Government. State govern
ments spent $1,656,O0O 900, and the
| combined increase in both Federal and
state expenditures over the previous
year was only about 800, 900 O00-one-
third OF the increase in the spendinEs
OF local governments.
Local governments do more for the
people than does the Federal Govern
ment. The one item of education Is a
costly one. The Federal Government
has an ONCE of Education, but it Is
merely an advisory department which
aids local school authorities so far as
1t can. But the Federal Government
builds no school houses nor conducts
any schools. This is done by the States,
counties and cities.
Per Capita Expenditure Increases.
While the Federal Government spends
millions In the improvement of public
roads, 1t does so only along with the
State governments. The Federal Aid
road appropriations provide that a Civ
en- sum will be furnished If the State
puts up like amount. This is some
thing OF a temptation to States and
there have been cases in which, in
order to get the Federal aid. States
have indebted themselves beyond the
point OF soundness..
AS the population Of the Nation In
creases 1t is necessary to spend more
and more money on government. but
the per capita expenditure has outrun
the population increase. For the fiscal
year 1927 the per capita cost of gov
eminent was $102.67. This compares
with $99l7 in the preceding year and
$91 .88 back in 1923.
This expense takes in all manner
OF governmental services and such serv-
ices constantly increase in number and
in variety. Governmental actions I'M
dreamed Of but . few years ago now
are usual.
The Federal Government, Of course,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
Guarantees of Safety May Be
Demanded by London Conferees

matte relations with offending powers
or to the blockading Of them or to the
withdrawing from them of American
trade Is also therefore being eliminated
from consideration here.
Plans are being made, however, to
test the Americans out on ideas which
are less rigorous and exacting and
which are known to have been con-
genial in the recent past to Amer
lean theory and practice. These lat
ter ideas fall into two divisions.
One Is treaty of consultation, like
the four-power pact between the United
States, Great Britain, Japan and
France, which was signed at the Wash
ington Naval Conference of 1921 and
which was ratified by the Senate. Such
a treaty would commit the United
States to consulting with the other
powers regarding breaches of the peace,
but would commit 1t to no course of
behavior after the consultation.
The other idea would be treaty like
the famous Bryan treaties, calling for
commissions Of inquiry and Of report
whenever breaches Of the peace were
threatened.
The attitude Of the American dele
cation here toward these two ideas
has not yet been publicly defined.
What can be said about them Is only
that they are not contrary to recent
American precedent.
In their anxiety to get the American
signatures to some sort Of political
fortif1cation Of a merely naval agree
ment mere, the Europeans in the con-
ference have suggested even that the
naval agreements should be preceded by
q quotation from the joint Hoover
Macdonald statement in Washington
OF last october as follows: Each of
our governments will direct its thought
and influence toward securing and
maintaining the peace Of the world" '
That would be just about the weak
est dose Of security that could be
administered to the French Whether
they would consent to swallow it and
in return grant to the world some re-
duction Of their submarine building
intentions remains problematical.
Copyright, 1s3o.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
The Human Element.

With 56.2o1,So miles flown in avia-
ton in the first six months of 1929, and
q fatal accident for every 16s, pa miles.
Clarence NJ. Young, Assistant Secretary
Of Commerce for Aeronautics, points
out in his semi-annual report that the
human element Is responsible for
slightly more than half of the casual
ties. The percentage Of human failures
in the air is placed at 5e.O4 for COM
lmercial flying, which Is slightly lower
than that Of the two services. the Army
ct 90 per cent and the Navy at 74.6.
Plane construction In the past ten
years has made rapid strides. 1t Is
almost within this brief space Of time
that ships have been made that, except
in rare instances. win hold together in
the air despite terrific strains. Before
that it was no uncommon sight for a
plane to lose q wing or literally fall
. to pieces in flight. It was then that
the percentages Of structural failures
exceeded that Of the human. although
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Collectors OF old books and docu-
ments do not devote themselves entirely
to literature. The discovery Of some
old financial accounts in connection
with grand jury investigation is de-
scribed by New York legal connoisseurs
as constituting rare and valuable md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Delegates to the London Conference
are no doubt congratulating them
selves, in view of the way in which
every point is watched, on having
gotten through the roll call without
any demonstrations that might lead to
misunderstanding.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

sex angle, there are certain matters
which intimately concern women. The
most valuable material which Is wasted
In war is human life, and human life
IS the product of the home. No one
knows the cost Of human life as well
as the mother. The public attitude of
mind toward war is q matter Of grad
ual but certain growth. The youth
OF today have different perspective
from those Of past generations. So
many new inventions are bringing them
into closer contact with other coun-
tries. Old boundary lines are being
eliminated with the conQuering Of space
and time.
THE idea Of arbitration as opposed
to war has made great progress Ia the
last few years, An oficial participation
on the part of our country in the
World Court is the next step To he
considered-one which I sincerely hone
will be taken. A successful conferences
for the reduction Of naval armament
VIII reduce the danger which lies IN
competitive armament"
(copyrignt. 1850
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Leather remains on the free list. The
price Of pair Of shoes may be ex-
pected to be about as 1t was, unless
Thomas Edison's laboratories work out
some such plan for synthetic leather as
they worked out for rubber.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

1t may take little while for Russia
to take up the Mexican break-away in
the ranks of New World Sovietism.
Soviets have so many international
irons in the fire that it is hardly pos
sible 10 be alertly vigilant every time
one Of them begins to cool.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

B Some arguments are never settled.
After all these years there is still a
more or less satirical discussion of
whether Chicago or New York Is
entitled to recognition as the wickedest
city on the continent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
A Fondness for Children.

A FOndness for Children.
Statistics say that. the birth rate is
decreasing"
I'm sorry for that" answered Sen
ator Sorghum. 1.-THE only hope I have
for popularity in certain communities is
to say nothing and kiss the babies"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

There are two points which Bishop
Cannon does not succeed in making
clear-how the prohibition argument
started and how it is going to end.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

The Navy is reaay to 60 to the rescue
OF the Byrd expedition if need be, a
reminder that the victories Of peace
may be greater than those of war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Authorities have decided to make
Hoboken, N. Y, model city qlalified
to set wholesome example TO the big
neighbor across the river.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
Don't Go Near the Water.

From the Pittsburgh Pcst-GaEette.
Checkers are being played on the
spiracy against entering the water is
SPREADING
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

The Anti-Saloon League keeps alive
the warfare on alcohol. An anti-hop
joint league might help in the fight on
Illicit drugs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
PIaY and Work.

As Fortune played him various tricks,
At last he lost his breath.
He started playing politics
And worked himself to death.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

"A man ought to stand by his
friends" said Uncle Eben, which makes
it important to pick out good friends in
de fust place"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
Consumers to Benefit
From Trade Economies
BY HARDEN CoLFAx.

Business Is swinging into q stride of
saving this year that promises to make
waste disappear like snow in the
Springtime.
In dozen lines of distribution plans
are afoot to reduce overhead costs of
service to consumers through activities
organized by trade associations and now
along comes Uncle Sam with a pro-
posal TO assist in at least three direc-
tons by surveys Of manufacturers dis
trlbutlon OF groceries, of manufacturers
distribution Of drugs and of retailers
selling methods of dry goods.
Mass production has become the key
note OF loW-coSt manufacture since the
war, and new problems this policy has
created, both social and economic, are
being attacked with reasonable hope of
solution, but the complexities of dis
tribution of merchandise to the hands
| or the ultimate consumer reveal q
much less clear view of the future be-
cause less has been done in their
costly case.
Estimating retail. trade at $4,000
| 100000 a year, which certainly Is a
conservative figure, If only as little as
l per cent could be Topped off from the
it would mean $3.50 100000 to be d.
vided between lower prices to pur-
chasers and profits to proprietorS. Ex-
perience indicates possibilities of elm
: mating not merely half billion dollars
waste from retail merchandising, but
several billions.
Add to this pleasing prospect further
| parings possible in wholesale distribu-
ton of goods, whether 1t be from jobber
1 q a..
manufacturer direct to retailer, and
the picture is brighter by other billions.
X 4 KAk
The domestic commerce division of
| the Department of Commerce has been
delving into distribution costs for the
last three years, with increasing de-
mands from specific lines of business
to lend them . helping hand.
The Department of Commerce ap-
| preparation BILL introduced in the House
this week, makes provision for studies
| TO assist the manufacturers who dis
| tribute drugs and those who distribute
! groceries and the retailers of dry goods,
total of ST. 900 being allocated for
these three projects. The handlers Of
electrical supplies, candy and a range
Of other commodities are clanoring for
the assistance of Uncle Sam also, but
| apparently will be forced to wait their
| turn.
y \ Il X
These surveys in reality will cost con-
| siderably more than the Government
Is prepared to spend on them, perhaps
three times as much, and the difference
I will be supplied by the trade associa-
tons interested; a plan of Federal aid
that appears to be growing more
popular. Without the assistance of
Uncle Sam such studies would be
difncult, for individual business men are
reluctant to disclose their cost sheets
to competitors, but under the beneficent
| guidance Of Government In such affairs
the identity Of the individual Is con-
cealed in the anonymity Of averages
and maxina and minima.
II X %*
Meanwhile. other lines Of business
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Jud Tunkins says good talker used
to be glad to entertain. Now everybody,
including himself, thinks he is wasting
time unless he is selling something.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Meanwhile, other lines of business
VIII carry on the battle TO reduce selling
costs and thus place goods In the hands
OF consumers at lower prices, but at
profit, or create Q profit where none
pexists today, without the help Of any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
Rate by Carrier Within the CITY

Rate by Carrier Within the City.
Lne Evening star ........; 4sc Ter month
49, when { sandays .;,...... zoe per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
=, twnen tundaysD ......... .65c Ger month
& AHe SUNDAY star ........... SC per copy
= COLLECTION MADE at the end of each month.
National 5000, -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Times amt like they used to be-"
It's sad old lay;
And by history you'll see
Times always were that way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

governmental agency, in so far as they
can.
Big business usually manages it's own
problems because 1t can afford to have
research and statistical and accounting
departments developed to the nth
power. The small merchant, or manu-
facturer or wholesaler, however, is
handicapped unless he has available
to him the experience OF his friendly
competitors and some chart of per-
Torrance which indicates the safe and
the dangerous courses and the elements
or leak and waste: Hence such studies
by the Government and by trade
associations.
Probably at no time has the battle
Tor business between chain stores and
independent dealers been more acute
than ut this particular moment. The
chains have had the advantage Of sta
tlStical work and analyses, but the
growth OF such combinations is creating
problems in itself, particularly those of
personnel, which are diff1cult Of solu-
ton. Speakers addressing the Whole
sale Dry Goods Institute at its conven-
tion In New York this week predicted
that independents will have little more
70 1ear from chain merchants.
FOor preparation Tor business VEN
lures has been found to be the chief
cause of commercial casualties. The
retail grocery trade appears to be q
tavorite experimental ground for the
uniformed. A Department of Com
merce study In selected cities has dis
, closed that, in one community, out of
100 grocery stores operating 10 years
ago, only remain in business, but the
S2 nave been replaced by others, while
OF 100 drug stores decade ago, 80 con-
Llnue operations. In another city 551
restaurants out Of q total of 1880
closed In q year, only to be replaced
ny approximately 55l new ones. Sur
veya or business failures in general in
dicate that only per cent are due to
pressure OF direct competition.
elimination Of slow-moving goods
nom the shelves, better credit ex-
tensions, readjustments of selling meth
ods VIII do much to cut distribution
costs. It Is toward these objects that
business Is moving with an accelerated
pace this year and the result promises
70 make the purses of the public more
comfortable as well as to help mer-
chants get living out Of their invest
men1 ot time and money.
(copyrisht, isSo)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
An Oth., So,


The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
patches created to 1t or not otherwise cred
lted IN this paper and also the local news
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Rate by Mail-PayabIe in Advance.
AE....I.a -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26

Disappointment should not dismay,"
said Hi Ho, the sage Of Chinatown.
THE desire of today may make pos
sible the regret of tomorrow"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-26
Hanny Rnyhnod.

DO you recall being happy, bare
foot boy?"
Not exactly" answered Farmer Corn
tossel. About the happiest days re-
member are those when I managed to
get new pair Of shoes"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26
DELEG ATES SELECTED TO
REPRESENT MINI. All
CLUBS AT NATIONAL CAMP

The four delegates, who will repre-
sent Minnesota's $1,000 All Club
members at the National All Club
Camp, Washington, d. c., with all ex-
penses paid, are: Anne Schubrlrly,
Como Station, Ramsey County, Hell
en- Van Deer, Alden, Freedom Coun-
ty; Chelsea Pratt, Mankato, Blue
Earth County; and Thomas Morse,
Deer River, Itasca County.
Four alternates, who will be given
trips with all expenses paid to the
National Club Congress in Chicago
next December, are: May Stephen
son, Pelican Rapids, West Ottertail
County; Frances Hopkins, Withrow,
Washington County; Theodore Lar
son, st. Peter, Nicollet County; and
James B. Larson, Becker, Sherburne
County.
ITO be selected as delegate to the
national camp, Washington, d. c., is
to receive the highest honor awarded
to All club members. Consequently,
great care is exercised in making the
choice" says T. A. Erickson, state
leader of All Club work, University
Farm, ST. Paul. "All delegates and
alternates have made splendid re-
cords in their agricultural work and
none has had less than five years of
All Club experience"
Anne Schubring Gan her club
work in the clothing project in 1921.
Other projects taken up by her have
been baking, canning, poultry Rising
home Identification, room furnishing,
health, and junior leadership. She
won the state health contest in 1923
and took third p ace in health con-
test at the National Clue Congress
in Chicago. She was president of her
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26

local club in 1922, %, 26 and q and
junior leader in 1928-29.
Helen Van Deer, with five years of
club experience, has taken clothing,
canning, room furnishing, and jun
Tor leadership projects. She has been
a member of both canning and cloth
ir,g demonstration teams and has
demonstrated at the state fair sew
eral times. In 1926 and 81 she was
the state champion clothing judge at
the state fair and in 1927 her cloth
ing exhibit at the state fair won
first place and her demonstration
team won second place. She has been
president of her local club and jun
ior leader for four years.
Chelsea Pratt first enrolled in All
Club work in 1921, taking up the
dairy calf project, which he carried
for four years, afterward taking up
the poultry and junior leadership
projects. He has a long list of ach-
ievements to his credit, including
champion poultry exhibit, state poul-
try show, Minneapolis, January,
1929; membership in state champion
poultry demonstration team, state
fair, 1929; membership in national
champion poultry demonstration team
st. Louis, Missouri, 1929; member
ship in state poultry judging team at
international Livestock show, win
ming first place; and presidency of his
local club.
Thomas Morse entered All Club
work in 1925 and has taken the dairy
calf, poultrr, potato, garden, and
Junior leadership projects. He has
exh bited in tbs da ry ana pDutrs
projects in state fair club events and
has also represented his county in
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26

The man had previously been sent
enced August goth, to serve an indie
terminate term of not more than two
and half years in the state reforma-
tory at St. Cloud, on the supposition
that it was his first criminal offense.
Subsequently, the county attorney
learned of the mans prior conviction
in the court of common pleas, Eliza
beth, New Jersey, on a charge OF
breaking, entering and larceny, of a
merchandise establishment in Union
count, New Jersey.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26
PAGE FIVE
Learning of Barbalacci's previous

Learning of Barbalacci's previous
conviction in New jersey, County At
tolrey T. O. Strai5 guth filed an IN
formation with the district court IN
New Ulm, February "a, and Judge
Gislason issued writ of habeas CT
pus for the mans return to New Ulm
for resentencing. He was brought to
New Ulm, Thursday of last week,
and his arraignment in district court
followed, with the result that Barbal-
acct was resentenced by Judge Gisla-
son to serve not less than one year,
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26
Chelsea 2TaU

livestock judging work at the state
fair. He was elected president of the
Itasca County Poultry Association
for 1880. Following the death of his
father some years ago, he entered
into partnership with his mother in
the management of the farm and has
built up an exceptional herd of Guer-
nsey cattle.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26

We are informed a criminal group
in Europe has succeeded in taking
some of our new 500 bills. Most of
US won't have to worry until they
start making bogus one-dollar bills.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26
CHECK FORGER
GIVEN SENTENCE

The first sentence ever imposed by
the Brown county district court, I'M
der the Minnesota Baumes law, pass
ed by the 1927 state legislature, was
pronounced by Judge A. B. Gislason
of New Ulm, on Thursday of last
week, upon August Barbacci, also
known as Barbalacci, charged with
issuing forged check in this city
last August 10th.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1930-03-26
MANKATO MAY ESTABLISH
A COMMUNITY CHEST SOON

The feasibility of establishing a
Community chest in Mankato is be-
ing investigated by a committee of
the Mankato Chamber of Commerce.
This committee, after securing its
findings, will report to the board of
directors.
Seward daily gateway., 1930-12-15
and four inches high and about SIX

and four inches high and about six inches across the base A willow rope. or chain which Carver Rudolph will make also- will. link the totems together.
 Rudolph is one of the few m dian totem pole makers left in tAe Juneau vicinity. His Work is widely known. TQtams made hv him are handled almost exclusively by the Juneau curio dealers He has de- monstrated his ant several times q the Southeast Alaska Fair held in Juneau
 The type of totems tO be carved by him for the Paris exposition was left to his discretion They will include, Gov. Parks said. some of most famous types in Southeast Alaska district The legend of each will accompany the exhibit
Seward daily gateway., 1930-12-15
JUNEAU INDIAN BUSY
 CARVING TOTEM POLES
 F0R PARIS EXPOSITION

Legendary totems pf Southeast Alaska Indian clans will occupy ! place of prominence in the Alaska exhibit at the International Col onial Exposition at Paris, France, opening next April, it was made known by Governor George A. Parks. Work on the display is now in progrss in Juneau, states the Juneau Empire.
 A contract has been let to James Rudolph, Juneau Indian carver of totem poles, for 10, the Cover nor said They are to be three feet