davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Bull Rider Reaches
Kennedy on Hegira

Ralph Sanders. San Benito man
who Is riding a bun to New York
City. has progressed rs far as Ken
nedy. Texas. according to M. G.
"Specks" Megison. San Benito, Mon
day morning.
The pair IS travelling at the rate
OF 8 or 10 miles a day, and both
bull and rider are in excellent
health.
1t was feared at first that the
bull was firing. and upon reaching
Edinburg seemed TO be exhausted.
Latest reports from Sanders reveal
that the animal is in excellent shape
and viii doubtless be able to COM
plete the trip.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

HOUSTON. July 7.-tP-With
IA Of the IS entrants aground, in
terest in the National Elimination
Balloon race today centered about
the Goodyear Zeppelin, last sighted
over Cairo. Ill, yesterday morning.
Word from r. J. Blair, Its pilot,
and an official decision BY the COM
mittee in charge were necessary be-
fore the winner could be announced.
OF the Il bags reported down, the
Detroit Times and the United Van
Service of Cleveland apparently had
travelled nearly the same distance.
The Detroit Times descended five
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

district. and It was announced that
10 men are engaged in checking
traffic in the Valley. These men
are stationed as follows. working on
two shifts day and night: One man
near the Brownsville country club;
one man near HaYlingen; one man
on the Willacy county line; on
the Hidalgo county line, and one
near Los Fresnos.
The heaviest traffic in the VAL
ley Is between San Benito and Har-
lingen, the check shows. with almost
twice as many cars covering that
strip Of highway than do here.
A detailed check Is being made.
Not only is the total number Of cars
being taken. but where they are
from is also being determined.
County. state and out-of-state cars
are listed.
When the census Is completed.
figures viii be mailed to Austin.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

Making her first leap. Mary
Fahrney, l8-year-old society girl in
Oak Park, a Chicago suburb, caught
her parachute in the plane and
dangled 1000 feet IL the air for
two hours.
After one ship unsuccessfully tried
10 lower a rope ladder, Bruno
SchuStek, professional parachute
jumper, Skinned down a 70 foot
knotted rope from another plane.
just as he reached Miss Fahrney,
her parachute became disentangled
and she floated 70 a perfect land
ing.
Crowd Sees Tragedy
Hundreds below watched Schustek
try 70 climb up the knotted rope.
They saw him slip slowly. then drop
to his death. Friends said he had
apparently exhausted his strength
and collapsed.
Blazing an air route from Chica-
20 10 Mackinac Island. Mich. for
the Continental Always. Inc. Bert
Z. Kogle. %. and Duane l.. Heller.
20 both Of Chicago, were drowned
in Lake Michigan when her cabin
aquaplane plunged into the water
south OF South Haven, Mich.
Dick Dodds. Of Santa Anna, Cal.
manager Of the aviation department
Of the Union Oil Co. was stunning
above the Sunday crowds at La
guna Beach. Cal, when his plane
lost altitude in a sideslip. failed to
right itself and diyed into Crescent
Bay.
Fishing boats and pleasure craft
dragged the twisted wreckage
ashore. Dodd's body was in the
cockpit.
Martin Wilsha. 10. a student pi-
lot, and John w. German. 40. his
instructor. were killed at Floyd
Bennett Field, on Barren Island.
New York.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Native of Germany
Dies in Harrington

HARLINGEN. July T. Mrs.
Catherine Weigand. 70, died az her
home here at 4:50 a. m. Funeral
services will be held Wednesday
from the home at 3 p. m. with in
terment IN Mont Meta cemetery.
Thompson's mortuary will direct
arrangements.
Survivors are her husband. Joseph
Weigand. two sons. Rudolph and
Joseph c.. and a daughter. Mrs.
Josephine LAMBERT. Fifteen grand
children and Is Observation-Disclosures
also survive.
Mrs. Weigand was a native OF
Germany.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Rio Grande Valley
Meeting Is Held
Especial 70 The Herald.)


SAN BENITO. July directors
of the Rio Grande Valley, Inc, met
here today for what may be one Of
the most important meetings in the
history OF that organization. Plans
were 70 be discussed for raising suf-
ficient finances TO carry on the
fight against further restriction Of
immigration from Mexico.
Failure Of congress to enact such
legislation at this session. officials
declared, was due TO a large extent
to the activities Of the Valley or
~ganization. But the fight has reach
ed the crucial stage. they pointed
cut. and much will have to be done
between now and December to pre-
vent the Harris-Box bill from
reaching a vote in the House Of
Representatives where an over
whelming majority is for it. The
measure already has naSsed the
Senate.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
ITALY JOINS
FEDERATION
MOVEMENT
Unite States Of
Europe Idea Is
Gaining

ROME, July 7.-(P-The reply Of
the Italian government to the men,
orandum Of the French Foreign
Minister, M. BRAND, on an organ
ization Of q United States Of Eur
ope" today was handed to the
French charges d'affaires here. It
declares Italy is willing 10 particl-
pate in discussions.
The memorandum Of reply ex-
presses the view Of Italy that spe-
cial principles must be observed as
a basis for the discussions leading
to formation Of such a union.
The Italian principles are.
First, q system Of cooperation
founded on the Idea OF a union and
not on that Of unity and wherein
will be respected the absolute SOW
ereignity and political independence
Of all states.
On this principle Italy wishes TO
give further Interpretation that n
rights of all minor states will be
guaranteed and that the last line OF
demarcation between victor and
conquered peoples will be eliminat-
ed.
Russia Invited
Secondly, Russia and Turkey
should be invited 70 take part IN the
procedure Of organization Of the
union
Not to invite these two countries
IS in contradiction with the scope Of
European solidarity which you wish
TO reach the memorandum says.
The lack Of an invitation at this
time will prejudice the adhesion OF
these two countries later"
Under this heading, the reply Of
the Italian government interprets
the principle of solidarity in the
sense that a federal union ought to
include all the greater countries Of
Europe because otherwise ii would
provoke, not great cohesion. but the
secession Of Europe into hostile
groups.
The reply also says that every
danger tending 70 weaken the sense
Of that solidarity among peoples
upon which is founded the League
OF Nations. ought to be avoided.
Therefore Italy is opposed TO any
project OF reproducing in a Euro
pean federal union the organism Of
the League Of Nations with an as
sembly general and a council lin
tied to a few states, saying that all
major and minor states ought TO
have an identical part IN the func-
tioning Of the union and perman-
ent post in the council.
Security Seen
The third principle stated Italy
contests the utility of placing at the
foundation OF any project OF a Eur
opean union the concept Of secur-
ity. According to the fascist govern
ment. a European union. in order 70
conform with the League of Ma
tons. ought 10 have the same poll
itical premises of the pact Of the
League Of Nations. that is, the linn
itation of ornaments, guarantees
Continued on page l0
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
2 Killed in Mexico
Election Clashes

MEXICO CITY. July 7-P-Two
persons were killed and five wound
ed in clashes lst evening here
growing out OF the Mexican con-
gressional elections.
There were several disturbances.
the most aggravated being between
adherents of rival parties armed
with clubs and stones in the sub
urbs. They fought until stopped by
police.
Reports from the county told Of
other clashes but none appeared SER
ious. Early indications were that
the National Revolutionary party OF
which President Ortiz Rubio IS a
member. would have a large working
majority in Congress in September.
Most Of its candidates were swept
into office By the election.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Lone Balloon Left Floating

and a half miles south Of Russell
vile. KY, and the United Van az
Kirkmansville. KY.
Behind the leaders was the Navy
balloon piloted by Lieut.. T. w. O.
Settle with Lieut.. r. q. Mayer, as
aide. which came down seven miles
north of Dover. Tenn, approxim-
ately 695 miles northeast Of here.
Lieuts. w. Bushnell and j. "A.
Greenwald or the Navy had landed
at Piggott. Ark, about 100 miles
west Of Dover.
Thunderstorms had driven ten or
the contestants down In = 75-mile
area around Texarkana-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Will Rogers Fails
To Arrive Sunday

Officials Of the Mexican Aviation
company here today were seeking
further light on the failure OF Will
Rogers 10 arrive in Brownsville yes
terday. when they had received an
nouncement that he would be here
Sunday afternoon.
The only explanation received
here SO far is that the famous
humorist suddenly changed his
plans. Efforts OF the airport Off
Gals to locate him today we're said
10 be OF no avail.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Children Burned

DULUTH, Mimi. July 7.-(Pl-
Marguerite and Francis Goodue. 8
and z, played with matches yester-
day.
They built a fire under the porch
Of their home. The blaze spread
and the children crawled out. When
the fire swept into the house, the
children became frightened and
crawled back under the porch. They
were burned to death.
Their widowed mother collapsed.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Airport Parade To
Feature Campaign
ISnnciaI fo INC Herald.l

Especial 20 The HeraId-l
HARLINGEN. July with the
airport bond election only eight days
off. hackers OF the project were
planning a vigorous campaign this
week to get out the vote. A feature
Of the drive probably will be a big
parade in which an airplane may
be rolled along the streets. Date
for the march has not been fully
determined. but IL probably will take
place Saturday night.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Texans Killed I'm
Mississippi Crash

RICHTON. Miss. July 7,-lP-
TWO Texans and a MissiSsippian
were killed and a fourth mar SER
iouSly injured when an automobile
in which they were riding crashed
into a tree near here yesterday.
The dead: w. r. King OF Beau
mont. Tex. z. L. Conner OF Alto,
Tex. and w. L. Berry Of Menden-
hall, Miss.
Louis Campbell OF Oklahoma suf-
fered a fractured skull.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Harlingen Couple
Marathon Winners
(Special to The Herald

especial 10 Inc AeraloJ
HARLINGEN. July Fay CAL
loway and Clarence Martin. favor
tie Harrington -ltrants in the Ca
sino Park marathon dance. were
declared victors this morning at
the 420th hour since the start OF
the contest.
Francis zimmerman OF La Feria
sluMpsS % tsse Hccr ts7ts morning
&C $50 Scfock and could no. be
aroused. His partner, Zelma Myers
Of Mercedes. though weary. was still
able to be going.
"A number OF worthwhile prizes
awaits the winners. to be awarded
lter.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Check Valley Automobiles
Two Million Dollars Worth of Cars Pass
Country Club Station Per Day

Two million dollars worth Of automobiles pass the bridge near the
country club on Highway No u every "a hours, according to an estimate
made by enumerators who are taking a traffic census for the state.
Approximately $500 cars pass this point every day, NJ c. "Specks"
Megison. enumerator, said Monday morning.
The census started Friday. July 5, at midnight, and will continue until
Tuesday night.
Benny PoNet. with headquarters at San Benito. Is in charge Of this
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Tom Love to Speak
At Donna Tonight

The first political gun o! the pres
ent gubernatorial barrage will be
fired this evening at Donna, when
Tom Love viii speak there.
Mr.. Love Is campaigning as the
only candidate to vote for Hoover.
! He says every one Is against him
except the people.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

The newspaper
men from Kanas
City. who stopped
,ecause they saw
ONE water they
ia not know wa
iere. report they
aught fifteen
hundred pounds.
And. folks, they
ire not fishermen.
hey are news
taper @ And
newspaper men
llways tell the
ruth. YOU know.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Planes Claim Nine Lives
Aviator Gives Life in Attempt to Save Girl
Who Parachutes to Safe Landing
CBv me Associated Press.)

Nine lives were lost in the nations Sunday aHplane accidents.
six persons were killed III the middlewest, two in New York and n
in California. OF these, three died when planes plunged INTO water from
a dangling, tangled parachute.
At Ruthven, Iowa, a plane banked preparatory to landing and crashed
from a so foot altitude. Kenneth Wilson 20 the pilot Sioux City, Iowa,
was killed instantly. Vera Hughes. II, Ruthven. a passenger, and Ernes,
Southwuth. "a. mechanic. Sioux City, were fatally injured.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
WEATHER

For Brownsville and the Valley:
Fair 10 partly cloudy tonight and
Tuesday.
For East Texas. Generally fair
tonight; Tuesday partly cloudy.
Light to fresh southeast 70 south
winds on the coast.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
L on THE WIRES


NEW YORK-After a winter"
kassage the liner Stuttgart has ar
@ed from Bremen. II was so cold
I times that the steam heat was
lrned on.
5UENOS AIRES-Some localities
Argentina are isolated b. heavy
nows. A cold wave is also affecting
lis city.
BARNSBORO. y. j. Japanese
*Jeetles are having a prolonged jag.
After eating sassafras leaves they
caper with nose dives and tail spins.
SAULT STE. MARIE. Ont.-Else
TAYLOR fishes IN his garden. The
Afississauga river ruined his vege-
tables when IL verran its banks
but left quite a lot Of fish in pools
where the crops were. One Of his
catches weighed - pounds.
ALTOONA, Pa.-The Rev Or. A.
A. Hilleary. Evangelical pastor, is
a flying parscn. He flew here from
Johnstown. preached at the field
and flew back. He intends to make
other such flights.
PANAMA CITY-Private Tommy
HAYDEN. u. s. A. Is Isthmian am
ateur golf champion, sole survivor
of>e field that included major gen.
sr5ls.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

WHICH causes MS TO take this
wv occasion 70 %straighten out our
~ selves. Noticed that IN quoting
our postoffice bill 1T read $4,000
appropriation when II should have
read $3.50, 600.
THERE is really no reason why
every 1880 Valley tomorrow
= should not be bigger and great
er than every yesterday.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
BORDER POST
WORK OPENS
IN Two YEARS
Summerall Announces
Huge Sum To Be
Expended
BY JACK

Fort Brown VIII not only o. re-
tanned as a border fort. but several
hundreds of thousands OF dollars
will eventually be spent in remodel
ing barracks and undermining con-
ditions here. General Charles p.
Summerall. commander in chief OF
the United States army, said today.
This work will be done IN 1882. he
intimated.
Mature IS kind IN the Valley, and
we are taking advantage or IT," lie
said. Other forts. located where
weather conditions are stringent,
must necessarily be remodeled first.
We have an army living In Shacks.
but we are rapidly remedying this"
The highest ranking officer Of the
United States army praised the To-
cal fort, saying that IL was a beau-
tiful spot. that the men are 20 be
commended highly. that the equip
ment is in excellent condition, the
morale admirable. and that Fort
Brown ranked high among Texas
army posts.
-ASsaAiGl-Leads
Aviation is one OF the leading
problems now facing the govern
ment. and millions Of dollars are
being spent annually in the ad-
vancement OF this phase or tile ar
my. Your local municipal airport
will be utilized more and more BY
the Cnvrr.rr u1nrf aHnar4ortr erf~- ~hm
completion Of Randolph Field. the
largest airport in the world: Stu
dents Will make training flights here
more often. And the increase IN
traffic between this country and
those south of US will materially aid
In the growth In the Valley
General Summerall expressed his
regrets that his visit here was brief,
but explained that he hec 50 many
forts to inspect in such q short Pc
Rod OF time that this was neces-
sary. He vas unable 10 leave Wash
ington until congress adjourned.
and this shortened his available
time
Cooperation Praised
Il am gratified TO learn that the
army post here and the citizens Of
Brownsville work together SO well.
This is as u should De. III fact, the
fort and the city are as one, and
when a citizen wants some land. he
just comes to the fort and takes
him q piece" The general laughed.
This. OF course, is figuratlve.'
Without being asked his impress
sionS Of the Valleys channel. Cen
eral SummeralI volunteered his
ideas on the subject:
II am very glad to see that you
have obtained a port. This will
certainly help this section. When
Columbus discovered America. nc
landed where he did because the
wind carried him there. And
business will arrive in Browns
vile because ships Will now
touch here. This section, especially
MatamOros. was one a large city.
I am told that ID consisted OF about
$4,000. And this was because there
was an outlet 70 the Sea AZ that
time. You are dredging a channel.
and the same situation will exist.
I am informed by engineers that
this will not be a very difficult
task. as the land is low in most
places, and some or IL Is almost
sea-ievel in altitude"
Nature. he said. influences man
more than ~ realized.
Likes Texas
An amusing incident occurred i'm
Houston the other day. T was asked
what the army was doing in Texas
/ had 70 laugh. Why. we're like thM
sun-we are always with you. You've
gotten 50 used ! lis that you rarely
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
RIVER FORECAST

There will be no material change
IN the river during the next few
days.
Flood Present 24-Hr. 24-Hr.
stage stage Ching Rain
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

TIDE TABLE
High and low tide at Point Isabel
tomorrow, unde~ normal meteorol-
ogical conditions:
High 4.3I d. IN.
Low 8.07 p. m.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
IN OUR
VALLEY
BY c. NJ. HALL

BROWNSVILLE and Fort Brown
N today are signally honored BY
a visit from the highest officer
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07

thONI ID ItNOIt8 70 IIo
r office. the fishing is fine at Port
Isabel. That is II will officially
De Port Isabel after August /.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-07
Likes Texas

An amusing incident occurred i'm
Houston the other day. r was asked
what the army was doing in Texas
/ had 70 laugh. Why. we're like thM
sun-We are always with you. You've
gotten 50 used ! It's that you rarely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-09

HE merchants helped her along willingly.
stiil that could not always be kept UNI.
and the demand was so great that MRS. Rol,erts
saw she would have to 60 to Congress for I,alD.
Without saying anything to any one, she wrote
TO the Committee on the District Of COLUMBIA
stating what she had done. was doing, and
asked hearing before them, which waa
promptly accorded. and at the end OF is nain-
utes she talked them into voting her 500 per
month toward the support Of the penny lunch
remaFling that the District would also heln
her out in looking after the poor 81 tl,elr
own city. Blackburn Of Kentucky engineered
it through the Mouse the hrst time and
Townshend Of Illinois the second 1t took
long time, however, before the money was avail
able and by that time the penny lunch was d.
debt some $500 This debt she has diminished
monthly until it is less than 5000 which she
asks the Commissioners to pay out Of the poor
fund. not . dollar OF which she has ever had"
Evening star., 1930-06-15

EDITORS NOTE: Count Byron
KhnH dc PrOrOk, author, explorer,
artist and lecturer. is internationally
famous as leader of the african
expeditions that brought to the
7poyId the discovery Of the tomb Of
the Tnarrg queen, Tin Hanan. and
the great excavations at Carthage.
Here he gi7cS a a'iaid picture Of the
danqer and the emotional adventure
Of Sahara tydpci.
Evening star., 1930-06-15

abated somewhat at sunset. After considerable
effort to move our car through some newly
formed dunes, gave it up at last, long past
midnight, and, wrapping ourselves in our
blankets in futile effort to keep out the sand
lay down by the side of the car. Through the
magic medium of sleep we were soon wander
ing along the cool meadow streams of France
OF England, and of sweet Elysium.
Evening star., 1930-06-15

THATEVER the mission and OBJ
:::: = :: {: &C.: :; !: !:
ax>DI0rar ,pop his return faces
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-06-09

CONTEST PRIZES
q Most Popular Baby-S1OO gold, also
white gold diamond ring, offere'
I by Stanley Jewelry Company.
Second Popular Baby-Silver low
ing cup.
Most Popular Baby Under Year
SIS GOLD.
Most Popular Baby Between and
2 YearS--S25 gold.
Most Popular Baby Between and
Years-$25 gold.
Most Popular Baby Between 8 and
YearS-$25 gold.
Most Popular Baby Between and
) YearS--$25 gold.
Most Sugar Greek Butter Cartons
S. gold.
Prizes will be awarded at Broad
Ripple Park. Sunday, June Is, when
all votes must be turned in and will
be counted
CWinner OF the capital prize will
not Re eligible for awards of the cash
prizes offered for leading babies be-
tween each age limit This prize will
be awarded to the second most pop
ular baby in the age limit Of the
champion)
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-06-09
1890 BABY POPULARITY CONTEST
AND BABY SHOW
Cash and Merchandise Prizes
Broad Ripple Park, June Is

ergr@ NJ sow will b
h
3uanyC a
firms below chr nexns
Or
Fhoogap tappd pa If a
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-06-09

> STEEG'S PHARMACY. Sales slips
worth 1 vote for every cent
SUGAR CREEK CREAMERY co.
III Sugar Creek butter cartons
worth so votes pound % votes
half pound. 10 votes quarter
pound.
UNION CENTRAL LIFE INSUR-
ANCE co. One vote for every
! cent of premiums paid on in
surance written by company
during contest
LII. TAYLOR TRANSFER & sTOR-
AGE co. One vote for each 4
cent in hauling or storage bust
ness
KRUGE RADIO s ELECTRIC CO..
INC. One vote for every 81
cent expended for electric, radio 81
or battery service, or on radio ~
sales.
RAILROADMEN's BUILDING &
SAVINGS ASSN. Present pass
books to Broad Ripple office for
one vote for each / cent d.
posted during contest.
KIRSCHNER 8 LOVICK BODY CO.,
1913 North Illinois street. auto
service with votes that count.
+. j. MEYER & CO.. grocer, sO2 South
East street One vote for each
cent purchase.
+ DOC MORRIsON's AUTO SERVICE
Repairing of autos with votes.
KINGS INDIANA BILLIARD co.
1 vote for each 1 cent spent.
APOLLO RESTAURANT. SO West
Maryland. Sales slips worth
vote for each / cent spent
j. SOLOTKEN CO.. 40 W. North
Our sales slips worth 1 vote for
each ! cent spent.
DRAHER ELECTRIC SHOP, 1919
Valley avenue. Sales slips worth
vote for each / cent spent.
II. SMITH POULTRY COMPANY, 326
East Wabash street, vote each
1 cent purchase.
HENRY MAGEL & CO.. 1927 North
Capitol avenue 1 vote each / =
cent purchase. T
PIERCE CUMMINGS, 1Os South II
Capitol avenue Quality print III
ing with votes. III
CURTISS-WRIGHT FLYING SERV-
ICE OF INDIANA, Stout Field.
Flying instruction. pleasure
flights. Votes with flights.
later, to gain votes for your
or the required labels for votes. "
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-06-09

The gnu has the head OF bison
a long. narrow face, the body OF a
horse. an antelope's legs, an up
standing name and flowing tail
that reaches to the ground.