davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
SCIENCE
by DAVID DIETZ
BY DAVID DIEIZ -
Tl0o Schools of History Wage
CedSeleSs Dispute OUer
Location of Civilizations
Birthplace.

A BATTLE is raging in archeo-
1 n logical circles as to the birth
place of civilization. One school Of
thought believes that culture first
f1ourished in the valley of the Nile.
A second school would give the dis
tinction to the valley Of the TgriS
and Euphrates.
A wear ago, at the meeting Of the
American Philosophical Society in
Philadelphia. proponents of Egypt
and Babylonia rallied around their
respective standards and took part
in a symposium on the question Of
Which is the older Civilizations"
At this years meeting Of the so
ciety, g new attack was launched,
when DR.. Ephraim A. Speiser, as
sistant professor of Semitic Ian
guages at the University of Penn
sylvania, read a paper in which he
put forward claim for Persia.
Susa, famous ancient city, capital
of the province of Susiana, called
Elan in the Bible, was nominated
by DR.. Speiser as the birthplace of
the worlds first civilization.
A race whom DR.. Speiser called
Elamites founded this first civiliza-
ton, he claimed. This race, he said,
were of Alpine stock.
AnthropologistS divide the people
of Europe into three original stocks.
Nordic, Mediterranean, and Alpine.
These stocks are believed to have
originated in Asia, although there is
not complete agreement upon the
subject.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
It's ALL Gil Me

COMETGMES one wonders if that
- old Yankee shrewdness by
which we used to set such store is
not petering out in a windStorm of
the "gi'mes."
With congress providing millions
of unwholesome profit for over
grown industries, while pretending
to help the farmer; with F. Scott
Mcbride, head Of the Anti-Saloon
League, defending support of
drinking drys, with a bishop on
the clerical. griddle for gambling
in stocks and failure to report cam
paign expenses; with success in the
recent naval conference revealed as
due to bluff and horse trading, and
with employees of navy yards unpaid
for work that they did fifty years
ago, is it not justifable to ask,
whittier are we drifting?"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
ZZ[-1T = : 80
H7d6AEF lb1Tt9e'
}ANNlQGR$ARY|
.44s9H@44t1
FIRST AIR MAIL
Nav TX

FIRST AIR MAIL
May Is
I'm May Is, 1918, the first reg
" ular daily air mail service in
the world was inaugurated by the
United States government be-
tween New York and Washington.
Before this time there had been
attempts to carry mail from point
to point or across intervening
bodies of water, but not on
large and regular basis of service.
The service was begun with
special stamp of "a cents to a
letter, but later the rate was re-
duced to is and then again to 6
cents. The distance between the
cities was negotiated in three hours
and % minutes.
At first the Washington-NeW
York service was maintained by
the air service of the army, but as
soon as its reliability was dem
onstrated, it was taken over by
the poStoffice department.
Although the service was dis
continued in 1920 from motives of
economy, similar services were
established between the larger cities.
On Sept. of the same year
the transcontinental mail was
inaugurated between New York and
San Francisco.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
Congress Fails Country

0NE could write a book in
W criticism of this constituencies
tariff boost, spawned by greed and
put over by-product of farm relief,
but that is not necessary.
The people are not quarreling
with its particular provisions, even
though some of them involve mon
umental graft, nor are they dis
posed to regard its perniciorsnesS as
a matter of detail.
What arouses their suspicion and
resentment is that fact that such
measure should be adopted at
moment when the country is
struggling to pull out of a depres-
sion through increased foreign
trade, and what alarms them is not
only the retaliatory steps being
taken by other nations, but the ap-
parent incapacity of congress to
realize that such steps were an
inevitable part of the performance.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
TunneyjS Case

II VERY Republican President who
- sweeps into Office with a huge
majority gets himself cordially dis
liked within two years. In all fair
ness it must be said that certain
Republican Presidents. not precisely
of antiquity, have done lot TO
help this change in sentiment along.
But even though they had twirled
their thumbs and made not so much
as a single overt miSstep, the very
fact of success would pop up TO
smite them within the time limit.
Consider, too, the unfortunate
case of Gene Tunney. I'm told that
Gene would like to have the plau-
dts of the crowd ringing in his
ears and that his retirement was
motivated partially by the fact that
''boos" were his portion at such
times as he crawled through the
ropes to battle or be introduced.
OF course. he could have won the
public back and still remained in the
game. All that he needed was a
couple of good losing fights. Had ne
figured the whole thing out, ne
might have chosen to remain on his
back in the Chicago resin until an
official count of ten had been COM
pleted. y
such a decision would have de-
nrived him of his title, but think OF
the sympathetic fan mail it would
have brought him. -
Dempsey, riding high upon the
crest of proves, was a grim and
surly fellow. Thousands stood to
cheer the gallant Carpenter the
afternoon he made a losing fight IN
Boyle's Thirty Acres.
But now Dempsey is one OF ma
lures noblemen and gets invited to
Palm Beach tea parties in the prop
er season. Has Dempsey changed?
Not much-his conquests are merely
those which fall quite naturally into
the lap Of any loser.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
Struggle
nR. sPE1sER, who believes that

'DR. SPEISER, who believes that
- earliest traces Of civilization
are those which have been dug up
in the ancient ruins of Susa, sums
up the beginning of civilization as
follows:
1.-THE oldest known racial group in
the highlands of the near East was
that subdivision of the Alpine race
generally designated as AnatOlian
or Armenoid. They spoke dialects
Of the Caucasian linguistic family,
as distinct from the Misunderstanding
and Indo-E European. Their earliest
known civilizations are First and
Second Aenolithic."
(The term "aeneolithic" has been
coined to describe these civilizations
because they apparently made use
of bronze implements and stone inn
plements at the same time. Both
types are found together in the old
est deposits at Susa)
"Arnong the important discoveries
which may be credited to that
group" he continued, "the most
epoch-making is the introduction Of
metallurgy.
ITO Judge from the distribution
Of their material remains. these
people came down at a very early
time into the lands of the Fertile
Crescent such as Syria and Meso-
potamia. They constituted the pro-
to-historic population of those coun-
tries.
cat length the Sumerians sue
cumb to sturdier and better accli-
mated mountaineers, for the Elam-
ties put an end to the last Sumerian
dynasty which resided at Ur."
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
gov MMDoNu
|HnOWNWRhh?
FIVE QUESTIONS A DAN
ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES

1. Where did Noah's ark rest?
2. What woman was paid for tax
ing care of her own baby?
8. What group had all things in
common?
4. What town was Jesus head
quarters during His public ministry?
5. Who called herself "the hand
maid Of the Lord?
Answers to yesterdays queries:
l. Jesus wept" John 1875.
2. Because it tells of two censuses
of numberings Of people; Numbers
IL and 1852.
8. The sister Of Moses and Aaron;
Exodus 1920.
4. 1t refers to fifty, and was cele-
brated fifty days after the beginning
of the barley harvest.
5. For they shall inherit the
earth" Matthew SIS.
DAILY THOUGHT
We walk by faith and not by
sight.-H Corinthians 81.
When faith is lost. when horlOa
dies, the man IS dead. Whittier.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
What is a water wheel?

A wheel for utilizing the weight
ST falling water to perform me-
.hanical work. The term water
Wheel is properly applied to all n.y.
draulic motors that rotate, but ii
has come to be restricted to wheels
which act mainly by the weight OF
water that they receive on their cir
cuTnferentiaI parts only, which turn
on horizontal shafts. and which
move with low velocity that has nc
relation to the head Of water under
which the wheel works.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
TT< CEENTC TO MT =. HAYWOOD
i OGA4V4O L ~ 4NAG ~ BROUN

would have fired the imagination
of all the world if it were not for
Waterloo? In addition to being a
skillful general the little Corsican
was a master dramatist.
In sense the famous fight with
Wellington may have been a fake.
In the unconscious recesses of the
Napoleonic mind conviction must
have lurked that the hour had
struck for him to introduce a little
variation,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
Readers of The Times Voice Vices

Waverly company versus the strik-
ing machinistS.
Now, Poehler was not an employe
Of the Waverly company, nor did he
violate the injunction, nor did he
bring himself in any manner into
contempt of the sacroSanct and IN
biased.
It's a long period of time from
Poehler's case to the judge of MAJ
areth-but it may be barely possible
that there has been no particular
change in the viewpoint of judges
And one who thinks some things
might be changed to advantage hugs
little closer to Isaiah 1-3.
EDGAR A. PERKINS SR.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
Insult to World
THIs government is being use!

TNHIS government IS being used
l. not only to blow bubbles for big
boys, but 90 blow them in the face
of an already distrustful world.
Our demand for a limitation OF
navieS would sound much more gen.
uine if coupled with a willingness
to limit the tariff.
In this age of international trade,
barriers mean about the same thing
as gun emplacements.
To a measurable extent, the Gus
toms inspector has taken the place
of the old-time sentry and the
tariff has become only another
name for tribute.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15

When his back is turned his COM
panions make mean remarks and
look closely at the cards to see if
they are crooked.
But the loser! Here is something
else again. Everybody laughs at his
jokes. He is a prince and a dead
game sport. Almost anybody around
the board would give him his last
shirt and an additional ten or
twelve hours in which to settle up
his losses.
And so you suppose Napoleon
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
BY DIR. MORRIS FTSHBEIN,
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
Health MaPaZinA.


MEATH from tuberculosis con-
~ tinues to menace mankind, al
though the rates have been cut
more than ofie-half in the last
twenty-five years.
It has been estimated that the
rate for 1922 was about 80 per 100,-
600, whereas in 1900 it was 201.9
per 100000, and in 1920 106 per 100,-
600.
There are at least a million peo-
pie with tuberculosis during any one
year. The battle goes on. The
strategists of preventive medicine
occasionally gain a little ground.
Figures just made available in
dictate that the rate for New York
dropped by per cent from 1923
to 1929, making a rate of IS in
stead Of SO, and the rate for Chi
cago by per cent, dropping from
IS to rs.
The greatest decrease for the year
was shown by Providence, R. l.,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
Questions and
AnSzUerS
Is the condor a native American

Is the condor a native American
bird? How large is it?
3 The American vulture or condor is
almost the largest Of existing birds
of flight, and one of the strongest
in wing power. 1t is native in the
South American Andes, from the
Straits of Magellan to 4 degrees
north latitude. 1t is often seen on
the shores of the Pacific, especially
during the rainy season, but its ia
vorite haunts are at elevations OF
10000 to $1,000 feet. It usually
measures about 4 feet in length and
9 feet between tips of its wings, but
large specimens span 10 feet or
more. The California condor, native
in the coast ranges of southern Cali
fornia from Monterey bay south to
lower California and east to Ari-
iona, has white underlying coverts,
with a wing spread of 10 feet.
How is parchment paper made?
BY dipping ordinary, unsized pa
per for a few seconds in concen-
trated sulphuric acid mixed with
one-half of its volume Of water,
then quickly removing all trace OF
the acid.
Were there any eclipses Of the
sun and the moon in 1923?
Two eclipses. both of the sun,
we're visible last year A total eclipse
May 8 and 9, not visible in the
United States; and an eclipse Nov
/. visiblet as partial in Maine. The
| last eclipse of the moon occurred
Nov. q, 1928. visible throughout the
United States.
What was Grover Cleveland's fun
ne?
He was christeEed Stephen
Grover. but at al early age he
dropped the Stephen.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15

EHoOb4S OF the new YORK 4ele-
Az grams newspaper poll on the
tariff leave little to be said.
Even congress ought to be i'm
pressed by the fact that seventy
four of the ninety-three newspapers
replying not only are against the
Smoot- Hawley bill, but bitterly so.
Seldom, if ever, in the history of
this nation, has a measure been
greeted by such an explosion Of pro-
test.
The half hearted attitude of those
few who feel they must defend it
for one reason or another serves
only to reveal the strength and sim
cerity Of the opposition.
Unless the press has ceased to be
an accurate reflector of public SEN
timent, the conclusion is inescap-
able that the American people want
this bill killed by majority Of
about four to one.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15

ideals and opinions expressed
in this column are those Of
One OF Americas most inter
esting writer's and are pre-
sented without regard to their
agreement or disagreement
with the editorial attitude of
this paDer.-The Editor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
SAYS:

No Matter What We Start to
Do, We Invariably Wind Up
With Measures to Boost the
Price of Something or
Other.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
The Lucky Stiff

DOES anybody have a high re-
IL gard for the player in the
poker game who always comes out
aheads The answer is NO"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15

ID ESULTS of the New York Tele-
Az grams newspaper poll on the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-05-15
HOW /. narchment paper made?

What was Grover CleveIand's fun
He was christeIed Stephen
Grover. but at al early age he
cropped the Stephen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
1910 10th ST.

A preferred location, eonven-
lent to downtown section; we'll
appointed modern building with
imposing white stone front; "a.
hour elevator and switchboard
service; refrigeration on house
current. Apartment newly dec.
grated.
I room, pullman kitchen,
Murphy bed and bath. $3.50
2 rooms, kitchen, dinette hall
and bath .62.50
rooms, reception hall, kiteh.
en-, dinette and bath. 80. 1880
q rooms, reception hall, kiteh.
en-, 2 baths, dinette... 102.5o
Resident Manager, Decatur 1000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
1907 CONN. AVE.
HANDSOME NEW BUILDING

'FN'N~ - ~ !" - WV - SA@SltN&
Excellently located at ne. cor.
ner of Conn. Ave. and Tilden St.I
beautifully handicapped grounds;
elevator and switchboard service,
BULLETIN Frisidaires and kitchen
cabinets.
2 rooms, reception hall, kiteh-
en-, dining aIeove and
patn ...s......s..... $3.50
2 rooms, reception hall, kiteh-
en-, dining aleoVe, bath and
2 rooms, reception hall, kiteh.
on, dining aleove, solarium
and bath .............. 1880
4 rooms, kitchen, dining al.
cove, solariun and bath, 105.00
Refrigeration on house current.
Resident Manaser-Clev. $685..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
THE COWARD

18TH AND EYE SITS. NV.
I room, reception hall, kitch-
enette and bath. .S35 to $40
1 room, kitehenette and
bath .......... $3.50 to $3.50
AttraetiVeIy furnished apis :,
$3.50 to $4,000
Modern History building; "a
hour elevator and switchboard
service. Resident manager.
National 9070
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
DIRECTORY OF UJNFURNTSFFFD APARTMENTS
LARGE NEW BLDG.
RENTS GIT

Best NV, nreprooi elevator. switchboard
bachelor or h.k.; short walk downtown.
1-R., KIT. APT, $40; 3 R., SIS
REFRIGERATION ON HOUSE CURRENT.
PHONE POTOMAC 1900
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
USE THIS LIST
as a guide in your search
for a desirable apartment
1920 CONN. AVE.

At northwest corner of klinale
Bridge adjoining Rock Creek
Park. Modern elevator building.
24.hour service. switchboard, etc.
All apartments delightfully."- cool
and excellently planned and new.
~ decorated. Refrigeration on the
house current.
] room, kitchen and bath, $47.5o
2 rooms, kitchen, recep. hall,
dinette and bath, $62.5o to 1850
3 rooms, kitchen, recep. hall,
and two baths, double ex-
posures ................ $3.50
Resident Manager-Clev. o764.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
2I3I o ST. NV.

NEAR DUPONT CIRCLE
Newly decorated and eonven.
lent to downtowni very low
rentals.
I room, kit. and bath. $500
2 rooms, kit. and bath. -. $500
s rooms, kit. and bath. ..... 5000
Resident Manager. Apt. 104
North 1888
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
1920 CONN. AVE.

Delightful, newly decorated
apartments at exceptionally low
rentals for this beautiful neigh.
borhood. Frisidairs on house
current.
8 rooms, kitchen, r. h. and
bath ........ $62.5o TO 1000
Resident Manager, Apt. 7
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
l44S SPRING RID. NV.
THE SHERIDAN,

1910 NHHU 81, NsWs
Near Dupont Circle and convenient
~ located to car lines, stores, schools
and downtown business district. Only
two apartments vacant.
3 r., kit, $50 90
r., kit, bath. ................ 62.50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
1901 OTIS ST. NE.

several apartments in good condi-
ton in this refined residential sec
roughs School and playground Two
blocks. north OF the Woodrtdge bus
line which runs on Monroe st.
z r., Kit, bath. $3.50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
SHANNON & LUCHS
RECOMMEND

5IAAINlNNIIN O LONf1S
RECOMMEND
1921 KALoRAMA RID.
Northeast Corner 10th STD
Rooms and Bath to
Rooms and Baths.
Secretarial Telephone Service.
Refriseration on House current
Manager on Premises.
PARK TOWER.
2440 10th st.
I Room and Bath to
Rooms, Baths and Porch.
Telephone Switchboard.
Refrigeration on House Current.
Manager on Premises.
300 18th ST
! Room. Kit. and Bath.
Some with Porches
A. Few Furnished Apartments.
Refrigeration on House Current.
Manager on Premises.
2los ST. NV
2 Rooms, Kitchen and Bath. $3.50.
DlninE Above and 1n-a-Dor Bed.
Refrigeration on House Current.
THE MAYFAIR,
sSs Sm Kitchen Kitchen s and s BAH $685.
Refrigeration on House Current.
THE GREENBRIER,
. Rooms. Pantry. Kitchen and Bath.
Manager on Premises.
1888 18th ST. NV.
Rooms. Bath and Porch, $500
RefriReration on House Current.
THE RADNoR.
1901 18th ST NV
sSo os s ssh s snS P PSreh sssSS
Refrigeration on House Current.
Elevator.
NEWTON HALL.
i4lT NEWTON ST NV.
Rms. Din. Ale. Kit. and Bath.
Refriseration on House Current.
$500 to $685. 90.
hanaEer on Premises-Elevator.
IAN M4F daRPfN 81 Hin NV.
RRo ooms k Ki,chen and and Bath, sa?eo
Electric Refrigeration.
Manager on Premises.
1921 BELMONT ST. NV.
Room. Din. Ale, Kit. and Bath, $500.
Rooms, Din.Alc, Kit. and Bath, S47.50.
17l7 COLUMBIA RID.
5 Rooms and Bath. $500.
Refrigerator on House Current.
THE WAXERLY:
Rooms, Kitchen and Bath, $50 so.
Refrigeration on House Current.
1905 GEORGIA AVE.
Rooms. Kitchen and Bath, $50 90.
Refrigeration on House Current.
1924 9th ST NV
Corner LonEfellow ST.
2 Rooms. Kitchen and Bath. $500.
THE CRESCENT.
1885 CRESCENT PL. NV.
] Room, Kitchen and Bath, S35. 90.
2 Rooms, Kitchen and Bath. 5000.
1919 3oth ST. NV
Rooms. Kitchen and Bath. $40 90.
Rooms. Kitchen and Bath, 5000.
THE RAMONA,
/ 6T6 4th ST. NE.
/ Rooms. Kitchen and Bath, 1919
Il 3 Rooms, Kitchen and Bath. $40 90.
Il 1927 NJ st. NV.
II / Room, Kit, Bath and Porch, $40 SO.
!, Furnished IL Desired, 5000.
|. SHANNON. &LUCHN
\ Managing Agents
\ 1435 x 81. MA. 2s45
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
Under Saul Management
PENTILLY,
1872 X st. NV.

Furnished or Unfurnished.
Walking distance to Govt. depts.,
theater and shopping districts. Mod
ern s-story building, completely re-
decorated throughout; unusually large
rooms. showers. attractive lobby, els-
ARE on house current.
2 rooms, kitchen and bath (many
with large peorchssl' yysaGTied exposures
Furnished price slightly higher.
All vacant apartments lighted at
night. See resident manager.
-
144S SPRING RID. NV.
JUST OFF 10th ST.
Large rooms, dining alcoYe, Murphy
beds. dressing closets, electric re-
frigeration on house current.
Building completely renovated and
to rooms. Kitchen and bath.
RENTS, $3.50 to $500.
-
THE NEWARK,
1921 Newark st. NV.
Modern elevator apartment house,
situated on the corner of Wisconsin
ave. and Newark st. Served by Wis
consin ave. car line and Mass. ave.
bus line
Equipped with Frigidaire refrieera-
ton ON house current, dinette with
French doors and Pullman furniture.
tractively handicapped. Resident man
ager on premises.
Near st Adams Cathedral.
room, kit. and bath .........S45, 90
2 rooms, kit. and bath ..,..... 81 so
) rooms kit. and bath..,...'.. $500
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-17
THE wEsTMoRELAND.

THE WEsTMoRELAND.
2l22 CALIFORNIA ST.
70 rooms and bath, non-houSe-
sssR SIS to s,5qs5 -. Kitchen S1S ana
Electric Refrigeration.
1 nsne GfRA ri P sf, NW.
Electric Refrigeration.
rooms. kitchen and bath. $1,000
room Kitchen bath, Murphy 80
Manager on Premises. WV
THE RICHELIEU,
COR. 18th 4 HARVARD SITS. NV.
New Building
rooms, kitchen and bath.
Rentals. SO to s65.00
Frigidaire, Elevator and Garages.
THE WARD,
Fprc1DA1HSeo7 IS s 81; M;E. ,,,,,,r,,,
2 rooms, kitchen and bath. $4,000
l246 9th ST. NV.
rooms, kitchen and bath. $4,000
llOl nth ST. NV.
/ room, Kitchen, bath, Murphy
room and bath, Murphy bed. sa.SS
8o2 21st ST. NV.
rooms s aofl 18Th ssh sr: NV $500
Frisidaire on house current.
Manager on Premises.
21Ol-2IOS r. I. AVE. NE.
Electric Refrigeration.
ro So ana nnq b Sain double porch sSoo
1905 MASS. AVE. NV.
1888 iIth ST. NV. ''''00'OO
rooms, kitchen and bath. $1,000
1905 De Sales st. NV.
2 rooms, kitchen and bath. $4,000
LINKINS CO.,
1888 De Sales st. Dec $500.