davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
POn1Deii

THROUGH the early days of his
Il tory, Vesuvius was quiet,
though the Monte Somma is incon-
trovertible evidence that the site
once had been the scene of terrific
eruptions.
The awakening of Vesuvius was
heralded by succession Of earth
quakes which began in the year SO
A. D. These continued for the next
sixteen years, doing much damage
to nearby villages and spreading
great CONSERVATION throughout the
entire district.
On Aug. "a, 70 A. D., the volcano
let go. with furious explosion.
Three towns, Herculaneum, at the
western base of the volcano; Pom
peii, on the southeast side, and Sta
biae, still farther to the south, were
destroyed.
The material which issues from a
volcano may be of a varied charac-
ter. Lava, which is molten rock,
may or may not be erupted. Often
solid material-dust, ash, cinders,
and even large chunks of rocks
hurled out.
Frequently there is much steam
and often a great stream of mud,
which results from the mixture of
the volcanic dust and ash with the
condensing steam.
Herculaneum was buried under a
great flood of mud which hardened
into crust over the doomed city.
The lava flows of subsequent erup-
tons laid down layers of rock upon
the crust of mud.
Pompef, however, was buried un-
der dry volcanic ash. This accounts
for the remarkable state of preser-
vation in which Pompeii later was
found.
A feature of the eruptions of 70
A. D. is that there seems to have
been no flow of lava.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21

much as possible out of him and then throw him
on the scrap heap.
1t recognizes the right of every man to work
under decent conditions and at adequate wages
which are as constant and regular as his living ex-
penses 1t recognizes that labor has joint claim
with capital on the profit surplus accumulated in
fat years for use in lean years. 1T recognizes the
right of labor to participate in management.
1t recognizes that unemployment is not only an
indictment of the injustice of our economic system,
but of ineficiency and waste. And, as Young said:
THE idIeness of men who wish to work is the
most dangerous surplus which can exist in any
country"
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
TIT OEENTC I'M ME HEYWoOD
4 O1AAA4V4O L ~ 4VAA ~ BROUN

much less fertile field for the
making of converts thar does Eng
land, France or Germany. The
Communists look forward to pro-
letarian revolution during which
the agencies of government and
production shall be taken over by
the workers and administered by
them.
Though there are great handicaps
to the spread of Communism here,
the party has had an excellent
chance to gain recruits on account
of the widespread condition of un-
employment.
Soviet Russia, like PaScisti Italy,
when in doubt, shout war" 1t is
to be, of course, just one last war
"a war to end war.
I was accused by Communist
paper of blocking the revolution by
running free employment agency.
If such slight effort actually
could have achieved such momen-
tous result, 1t must be that the tide
of revolution hardly is setting as
strongly as the Reds assert.
The inefnciency of American
Communism in Russia is due to
men who insist upon debating ac-
ton although they are unfamiliar
with understandings concerning the
American conditions. I have been
tempted at times to become a Com
munist.
If 1 couldn't do a better job of
rabble-rousing than Foster is put
ting on, 1 would agree to eat one
ton of Red literature in the middle
Of Times square. And If you know
anything about Red literature, this
is mighty daring pledge.
| fCopyrfeht. 1880. bv The Tines
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21

day sentence for contempt of court
Of course, the prisoner wanted to be
martyrized.
In calling the American Commu-
mist party Enthusiastically foolish, !
have no desire to overlook the fact
that the particular economic the
ory has attracted many excellent
minds to its side. But not here.
The United States presents a
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
BY DIR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
Health Magazine.

CTUTTERaNG is one of the most
~ annoying of all human aff1ic-
tions. Unless the individual keeps
silent constantly, he is bound to
betray his symptoms. 1t is also one
of the most difficult conditions to
control.
The problem has been attacked
from a variety of angles. Attempts
have been made to study the struc-
ture of the mouth, throat and
larnyx of the stutterer to find out
whether abnormalities were present.
Surgical operations used to be
performed with the hope of bring
ing about some change, and all sorts
of training methods have been de-
veloped to control breathing, the
rate of speech, the proper co-ordi-
nation of the tissues and similar
factors.
In the department Of expert
mental psychology in the Univer-
sity of Iowa, H. P. Fossler has made
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Wrong, Says Young

.nWEN D. YOUNG, who heads
" one of the greatest enterprises
in this country, if not in the whole
world, and who acted as chief pilot
III steering Europe out of the repa-
rations mess, says that we are on
the wrong track.
He says that we must loosen up
if we want to get anywhere, must
quit the walling-off game, extend
credit, and meet other people at
least half way.
He says all this, not as the apostle
of some new doctrine, but as hard
headed business man who has been
through the mill
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
SCIENCE
by DAVID DIETZ-
VesuUiGs, Long a Terror to
Surround d ng Districts,
Promises Renewed ActiU-
ity This Summer.

nat. EESUVIUS, famous volcano,
1V1 threatens to be active again
this summer. Earlier in the month
the Bay of Naples was Illuminated
and the countryside terrified by a
spectacular eruption of incandes-
cent cinders which lasted through
out an entire night.
Professor Alessandro Malladra, di-
rector of the Vesuvian observatory,
interpretS the fiery shower to mean
that Vesuvius again will be active
this summer, and has advised the
immediate construction of breast
works to confine the lava to a gorge
On the southeastern side Of the vol
cano, known by the picturesque title
of Hell Valley"
Mt. VeSuvius is an object Of great
interest, both for its historical rec
ord and for what modern geolog-
ical study has revealed about it.
The volcano rises from the east
ern margin of the Bay of Naples,
Italy, about seven miles to the
southeast of Naples.
The height of the volcano has
varied from time to time as a result
of various eruptions. It was 4,275
feet in 1900, but after the erup-
zion Of 1916, it was only 1868 feet.
A far greater crater occupied the
present site of Vesuvius in prehiS-
toric times. It's remnant is to be
seen in a tall, semi-circular cliff
known as Monte Somma, which
surrounds the northern side of the
present active crater.
This cliff, which reaches a height
of 3,714 feet, descends in long slopes
to the plains. Tt was part of the
wall of the original crater.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Making Converts

nNLY the other day Judge Van
~ Ripper of New jersey did his
stupid bit to make converts for
Communism. He began by suspend
ing sentence upon a Communist,
but reconsidered when the man
prattled sorne of the familiar stuff
about courts and capitalism and
what would happen to judges in the
day OF proletarian dictatorship.
NettIed. the judge imposed q ten
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21

ideals and opinions expressed
N this column are those Of
Sne OF Americas most inter-
esting writer's and are pre-
sented without regard 20 their
agreement or disagreement
with the editorial attitude Of
this Daper.-The Editor.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Now WeXDOBu
|KHOw16yRhh?
FIVE QUESTIONS A DAN
ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES

/. Why was Jesus taken to Jeru-
salem at the age of IL?
2. What does the proverb say Of
one that "spareth his rod?"
g. How was Saul chosen as king
4. Where did Job live?
5. Who first said, Man doth not
live by bread only?"
Answers to Yesterdays Queries
/. Mary; Luke 2:19.
2. And I will give thee crown
Of life" Revelations 2:10.
8. 81 am that I am" Exodus 3:l4.
4. When David won a victory over
the Phihstines; I Chronicles l4:13-i7
5. In Proverbs 3:13-26.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Answers to Yesterday's Gu
When and by whom was the fric-
ton match invented?

tiOn match invented!
A phosphorus friction match was
manufactured in Paris in 1915, but
the first practical match ignitable
by simple friction was invented by
John Walker, an Englishman. in
1927. The first successful phos-
phorus matches appeared between
1880 and 1885, and the first patent
for the invention Of phosphorus
friction matches in the United
States was granted In 1860 4. D.
Phillips.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
DAILY THOUGHT

Blessed is he that keepeth the
sayings of the prophecy Of this book.
Revelation 22:7.
VXTE mistake the gratuitous
w blessings of heaven for the
fruits Of our own industry
L'Estrange.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
IdeaIiSnn Mostly Talk

WE have talked great deal
w about idealism during the last
twelve years, about the possibilities
of new order, orderly adjustment,
the limitation of arms, freedom Of
the seas and a square deal for
everybody.
But when it comes to translating
our ideals into action, we turn our
backs on League of Nations which
we forced the allies to accept, enter
the world court with reservations,
and pass tariff bill which makes
the situation unnecessarily tough on
our debtors.
Passing by the intellectual dis
honesty which such attitude implies,
is it not short-sighted and imprac-
teal?
What have we to gain by throw
ing monkey wrenches into the
worlds economic machinery at this
time?
On the other hand, what have we
not to lose?
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Then We Pass the Tariff

ln6n we PaSS the | arm
THE way this cablegram was
4 handled made an appropriate
setting for Owen D. Youngs address
on the part played by good will in
international trade-a part under
estimated by too many people.
Though we Americans have
learned how essential it is for any
business to create and maintain
favorable impression at home, we
still regard It as rather unimpor-
tant out yonder.
We are neither surprised nor per-
picked that two comedians, talking
over the radio fifteen minutes each
night, can treble the sales of
tooth paste, but when it comes to
the overseas market, or dealing with
foreigners, we still are welded to
the tradition of tariff barriers and
horse trading terms.
If they want goods marked in the
metric system, we tell them to go to
blazes, and if they want machinery
done up in small bundles so it can
be carried over mountain trails on
mule back, we ask them why they
don't build a railroad.
Then to show them we mean 1t,
we pass the -Hawley bill.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
Must Have Expansion

WuOl IlCfG IApQllolUtl
A S Mr.. Young points out, we
n have grown into a nation OF
surpluses.
We have surplus cash, surplus
goods, surplus raw materials and
surplus services.
Our economic and industrial
structure has been tuned to point
where increased foreign trade is
its only out, where the standard Of
living it has made possible and the
prosperity It has brought can be
continued through expansion only.
The Indianapolis times., 1930-06-21
M. E. Tracy
What Haze We to Gain By
hroVin Monk ey
WrencheS Into the Worlds
Economic Machinery at
This Time?
SAYS:

THE convention of the National
a Electric Light Association at
San Francisco sends a thirty-two-
word cablegram around the world IN
five minutes thirty-two seconds.
If this represents a triumph for
human ingenuity and organized
business, it also represents tri-
umph for the spirit of cooperation.
The cablsgram went across the
Pacific, via Honolulu, Guam and
Manila to Shanghai, thence to Ir-
kutsk in Siberia to Ekaterinburg,
Leningrad, London, New York, Chi
cago and so back home
1t travelled with speed and dis
patch, not only through war
stricken China, but for thousands Of
miles through the dominions OF
Soviet Russia, which we refuse to
recognize.
1t could have been held up in a
dozen places and would have been,
had we not learned the deSirability
Of doing certain things without re-
gard to national prejudice or politi-
cal bias.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
nnncin7 Market N Stocks Bonds Commodities and Comment
Low Money Rates Force
Bond Purchases =.

mitments, make with chief atten-
ton to the safety factor, and to
be sold out when business ex-
pands.
Two Forces At Work
The two forces which usually
put up the prices of high grade
investment bonds are low inter
est rates and declining COM
modify prices. Both these forces
have been at work, yet bonds
have responded but little and
that chiefly through bank invest
ments.
This prolonged backwardness of
bonds suggests that the posi-
bilities Of large rise in the bond
market are quite limited, simply
because we are now apparently so
far along in the period Of cheap
money and declining commodity
prices. Already the optimists are
announcing the bottom Of COM
modify prices and a business re.
V1Val in the spring. Certainly, If
they are right, bonds will have to
hurry.
Bonds Handled
We might conclude either that
Cd bonds have been held back
until it is too late to stage a big
rise, or that (2) bonds have been
held down by underlying credit
conditions that are still unfavor.
able, and that a broad recovery
in the bond market still lies
ahead. The later conclusion would
mean that further liquidation in
stocks, depressed business, and
loW-money rates lie ahead.
But perhaps the true con.
clusion lies in between. That is.
a more sustained advance in
bonds than any yet seen lies
ahead, but 1t will have been so
long delayed that it will be
shorter and smaller in amount
than in most upward swings in
bonds.
In the foregoing discussion, I
have been referring to such high
grade rail, utility, and industrial
issues as now yield around 412 to
| S per cent. Speculative issues
(such as convertibles) are likely
to move with stocks. Low yield
governments and municipals seem
nearly as high as can be.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
'CalIMcGarrah
Far Sighted
Banker
BY SAUL LEHRER

President of the Bank for In
ternational Settlements is Gates
w. McGarrah and in Wall Street
his name is prefixed with the
word Silent"
McGarrah has spent 40 Of his
81 years as a banker. He was
born in Monroe, N. Y, the son Of
a small country merchant, in 1853.
He went through the local ele-
mentary and high schools. In 1881
he went to work for the Goshen
National Bank, as an office boy
whose tasks were many.
Declared Himself
After two years in the country
bank he decided he had enough
of busting off desks and running
errands and he came to New
York as a clerk in the Produce
Exchange Bank. His penchant
for accuracy and his perseverance
brought him the attention of the
officials of the Leather Manufac-
turerS Bank who gave him the job
of cashier in their bank in 1898.
Four years later they elected him
president. When his bank was
merged with the Mechanics Ma
tional Bank in 1904 he was made
president of the combined bank
Looked Into Future
At the turn of the century the
billion-dollar banks of today were
unknown and McGarrah was
among the first to see the ad-
vantages of bank With large
capital, and he enGineered a
merger with the National Copper
Bank. The new bank was then
called the Mechanics & Metals
National Bank, with deposits Of
$3.50, ,Oe0. 900. =. .. -......,.- ... -
The next bank to be brought
in the fold was the Fourth Ma
tional and then the Produce Ex
change Bank, and shortly after
the Lincoln Trust Co. In 1927
this bank was merged with the
Chase National Bank and Nc
Garrah was made chairman OF
the executive committee.
Federal Reserve Head
On May /. 1927, he resigned
from the Chase to become chair
man of the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York.
Although he was now head OF
the most important bank in the
entire Federal Reserve system
his ability was yet to make hin
the head of a bank whose Gus
toners were nations, for in Apri
of this year he was elected heac
of the Bank for Internationa
Settlements.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
SOME PROGRESS
NOTED IN
TRADE
R. G. Dun & Co. Issues List of
Gains'in Groups Of Manu-
featuring That Have Risen

The recent moderate gains in
some quarters have afforded a
measure of encouragement, but an
appraisal of general conditions
clearly shows that widespread re-
covery is yet to be achieved, r. G.
Dun & Co. will say tomorrow in
its weekly review of trade.
Frequent reiteration Of the
statement that many commit
ments are being deferred reveals
close adherence to the policy Of
caution growing out of far-reach-
ing economic changes, but disap-
pointment over results in different
lines has arisen partly because OF
the expectation of more rapid re-
vival than the facts of the situ-
alton justified.
Wholesalers Hit
A sharp and sweeping decline
in wholesale quotations naturally
has been a disturbing influence
everywhere, and the readjustment
to an altered basis of consump-
ton, production and prices could
not be quickly completed.
The transition to a Sounder
basis status, however, has been
proceeding steadily, and the point
has been reached where more
confident view of the prospects
appears to be warranted.
Still Seen Low
In statistical way, compari-
sons with the records of a year
ago continue to be unfavorable,
but much has been accomplished
since that time in the elimination
Of weak spots, and in this respect
the outlook is improved.
Annual inventorying soon to be-
gin or in progress now is being
counted upon to disclose a
stronger position in many in
stances, the action of securities
markets has been more reassuring,
deflation of speculative loans has
been drastic, and money rates are
exceptionally easy,
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
Oil Refineries Ran
At So Pct. in October

SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 1.-The
Bureau of Mines reports 48 re-
fineries in October, operating SO
per cent of capacity, ran a daily
average of 1922 barrels of crude
to stills. Production of gasoline
was 7,985.266 barrels. an increase
Of 589,326 barrels over September
Gasoline cracking increased TO
1,680.112 barrels. Production of
heavy crude and fuel oil was
6,830.405 barrels. a decrease of
All, ,491 barrels. Stocks at the end
of the month were 102,271 .664
barrels, a decrease of 958,976 ber-
rels.
Stocks of refinable crude were
38,911,601 barrels. an increase of
53,794 barrels. Total shipments
in October were 6,717,091 barrels.
against 7,215.S17 barrels in Sep
tember.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
Stdrrett Is Named
As Vice President

Albert P. Greensfelder, Of st.
Louis, and William A. Starrett,
president of the Starrett Corpora
tion, New York, have been nomi-
mated as president and vice presi-
dent at large, respectively, of the
Associated General Contractors of
America for 1881. The nomina-
tions which are equivalent to
election will be officially acted
upon at the twelfth annual con-
vention Of the association, which
will be held the week of Janu-
ary 25, at San Francisco.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
Employment in Silk
Industry Higher

Employment in the silk indus
try increased during last month,
the Silk Association of America.
Inc, reports. October employ
ment statistics show a l per cent
increase over September averages
for the broad silk industry and
81 per cent increase for spinning
spindles. The total increased en-
ployment for October over the
September average is 3.8 per cent
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
ChiLds to Open 3
NeU Restaurants

ChildS Co. will open three new
units this month in New York, the
first, at 108 w. Forty-third ST..
opening Monday, according to S.
Willard Smith, executive vice
president Of the restaurant chain.
This unit is an extension Of the
Childs Bryant Park restaurant at
100 w. Forty-Second st.
On Monday. December 8, Childs
will open it's Rainbow Room, 1872
E. Forty-fourth st, as an annex
to the moderniStic Childs around
the corner at 425 Lexington Ave.
The third unit will open in late
December. This is at 157 West
Thirty-third ST., formerly the site
of the George w. Ellis Building.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
BY LEWIS HANEY
Director New York University Bureau
of Business Research and FORMER
EronOU1Ist Of Federal Trade
Communication


The chief factor in such
strength as has appeared in the
bond market during 1880, has
been the purchases made by
banks. Beginning with February,
there has been a steady upward
trend in bank investments IN
bonds other than Government
bonds. CThe Federal Reserve
Banks have quadrupled their hold
ings of Government bonds in the
past IL months, but that repre-
sents an attempt to pump FUNDS
into businesS0
No Place Else
The bond investment OF the
banks are due to the fact that
they do not know what else to
do with their money. Money
rates are so low that they are
not attractive. The average nigh
grade bonds has been yielding an
interest return in excess OF money
rates ever since last February.
AS money rates sank below 3 per
cent, it became profitable to in
vest bank funds in bonds yielding
4 per cent or more.
The bonds that banks buy,
however, are supposed to be very
high grade issues which give a
low yield. And the purchases by
banks in this limited field keep
the price up and the yield down.
Moreover, we know that the
banks have bought mostly short
maturitieS, that is, bonds matur'
ing at an early date. Under the
circumstances, it is not probsb
that these investments have been
very profitable as income yielders.
Few Large Gains
Nor do the banks appear to
feel that any great gains through
appreciation in bonds are to be
expected. When bonds are really
cheap and are being bought for
long pull investment, it is the
distant maturities that are
favored. These, we know, are
likely to advance most during a
bull market in bonds.
Evidently the banks regard
their bonds as temporary CON-
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
Final Steel Merger
Suit Brief Filed

YOUNGSTOWN, Dec. 1.-Addi-
tional and final briefs in the
Bethlehem Steel-Youngstown Sheet
& Tube merger were filed today
by the attorneys for both sides
The anti merger brief contains
206 pages and that of the merger
proponents 302 pages.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
Canada Wheat Pool
Assets S6I,299.485

WINNIPEG. Dec. Bank
loans of the Consolidated wheat
pool as of August 81, 1880, totaled
52,525,701. Assets on that date
were 61,299,485. The annual
statement of the pool gives this
balance and reports loss for the
crop years 1928-29 and 1929-30
of 9,057 $50 in wheat and 3,014,-
1T in coarse grains for the pc
riod. Losses on current crop years
landings are not stated.
Conserve your time in locating de-
peRdable services by consulting the
BUSINESS SERVICE DIRECTORY Of
tOdaX'a Classified Ads.
The Washington times., 1930-12-01
LOCAL STOCKS

FURNISHED by W. B. Hibbs & Coz
Washington Gas IS B." Sl0C
@lO4, $100@104.
Capital Traction Co., 2@49.
District National Supply pfd
1O@6s, 1O@sS.
Merchants Transfer and Stor,
age Company, 10@1OS, 1O@1O8,
1O@1OS, 1o@1OS, 1O@1OS, 100
1oS. 1O@1OS, 1O@1OS, 1O@1OS,
100 108.
AFTER CALL
Capital Traction SIS, $1,000
851a, $5O0@8512.
Washington Railway and Elec-
trio pfd. 10@98A.
Potomac Electric 51as pfd, 100
lot.