davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1930-05-23
By ERIK BERT.
|. The RlusiriaIization Of Capitalist
Agriculture.

THERE is not in the Draft Program an in
tegrated statement concerning the in
creased use of machinery in American agr-
culture* This results from the fact that en-
phasis has been placed almost exclusively on
the "disintegration and worsening of the con-
dtions of small farming.a On page 109 of the
February Communist we can see from the
data given that whereas the area of improved
land increased from 503,079 acres in 1920 to
sos, ,027 in 1925 the value of farm machinery
in use dropped from 1884, 772000 in 1920 to
$2,691, 100000 in 1925. The conclusion drawn
is as follows: 'While we see here the growth
of capitalism in agriculture, we see also in
the drop of machinery and implement valUa-
tion from 1920 to 1925 an indication of wha,
Lenin meant by "stagnation in technics" =
a part of the whole process of "the crowd.n
out of small by large production" This dro
took place at the same time that the car
talized value of land itself dropped from :
billion dollars in 1920 to 81 billion dollars j,
1925" Up. 110)
*The Draft Program for Negro Farmer
however, notes the following: ain the pas,
few years American agriculture is to an ever
larger extent being brought under the sway
of finance capital and experiences in connec-
ton with that of technical revolution. Trac-
in American large-scale &agriculture. 1t be-
comes for the small, and even the middle farm
er, even more difficult to compete with me-
chanized modern large-scale farming. The
price of production in small and even middle
farming is incomparably higher than the price
of production on big farms. AS result of
this, the technical revolution tends to drive
the small farmers off their land to concen-
trate the soil in big farms, to create agricul-
tural stock companies, ETC."
The data submitted points out the fact that
following the severe slump in agriculture in
1921 there was a retrogression in technique
from the point of view of the amount of ma
chnery used (the inability of the farmers to
make requirements for worn-out implements).
The index of Domestic Sales Billed of agri-
cultural machinery compiled by the Federal
Reserve Bank of Chicago shows the following
trend since 1909
The daily worker., 1930-05-23

Program has emphasized the first of these two
features. The second has been noted in pass
ing, under the section on Glass Categorles on
the Farms (The Communist, February, p. 119),
while the first was included under Capitalist
Development in Agriculture. The second be-
cause of its Importance within the entire agri-
cultural question deserves more than passing
notice. 1t becomes cause for continued stag
nation in technics at the other pole Some fur
ther consequences we have noted above.
Finally it is of the utmost importance be-
cause its development means the growth of
the agricultural proletariat in relation to the
entire farming population.
Technical improvement at one pole of agri-
culture should, however, not be interpreted to
mean complete industrialization of agriculture
in short order. Capitalism cannot accomplish
that. The Draft Program correctly points out
the abject technical condition prevalent in
American agriculture. This should hinder any
undalectical conceptions regarding the indus
triazation of American agriculture.
(To be Continued)
This group is comprised of threshers,
tractors and combines, and for the 3-year per-
iod, July, 1925, to June, 1928, inclusive, was
451 per cent of total sales billed to domestic
and foreign customers
** This group consists of all classes of agr-
cultural machinery and equipment not included
in the barn equipment and heavy machinery
groups and was 527 per cent of total sales in
the 3-year period given above.
"** This group was % per cent of total
sales for the 8 years.
The following and preceding series are
from Standard Trade and Securities Service,
Standard Statistical Bulletin, 1930-1931 Base
Book Issue, p. 1T.
The daily worker., 1930-05-23

started stock selling campaigns in the West
using as sales argument the fact that they
can produce at prices far below those OF the
individual farmer-prices at which he goes
bankrupt The basis for such low cost pro-
duction is the widespread use of agricultural
machinery on big acreage farms. The increased
use of machinery the possibilities of lowering
the costs of production by its use makes 1t
advantageous to the bankers and others who
have been "enient" toward bankrupt farmers
to group farms into large units with fewer
farmers necessary to run the farm. Similarly
the success of corporations farming on large
scale with machinery (Which cannot be ex-
pected over night) will be an added incentive
to the capitalist class to expell more farmers
from the land through increased oppression.
The essential features of our approach to
the subject of agricultural machinery (and
other chronological improvements) is con-
tanned in the following quotation of Lenin.
"In essence, the fundamental tendency of
capitalism is the crowding out of small by
large production, both in industry and in agri-
culture. But this sense of immediate eXprop-
ration, this crowding out takes also the form
of dsintegration and worsening of the condi-
tions of small farming which sometimes lasts
years and tens of years. The worsened con-
ditons take the form of excessive labor, of
under-nourishment, of Indebtedness, of poor
forage and cattle raising in general, of poorer
care, improvement and fertilization of the soil,
of stagnation in technics, ETC." (The Commu-
mist, February, p. 109)
The development of the agricultural crisis
carries with it "a stagnation in technics" for
proba ,y the majority of farmers (and all the
accompanying misery) but it has as its other
aspect an increase in the amount of machinery
used by a minority of the farmers. The Draft
The daily worker., 1930-05-23
BY EARL BROWDER.

Continued from Wednesday Issue)
IN overcoming the weaknesses of our trade
union work, and winning the masses to our
leadership in the economic struggles central
tactic is that of the united front. But the
main thesis and the trade union resolution pre-
pared for the Party Convention give special
attention to this question, and lay down the
application to be followed in some detail The
forms outlined are those of the united front
from below, based mainly upon activities in
the shops.
Comrade Stahl, who can see nothing in trade
unOnism but the A. F. of L., thinks this is all
a sham. He says that by organizing revolu
tionary unions, "the Party broke the slogan
of the united front from below" He is not
even satisfied with this formulation, but pro-
ceeds to charge that "the wrong united front
tactic from above was also made worse" Then
he varies the accusation, to say that 'the united
front in the A. F. of L. was given up without
struggle" What do these accusations mean,
when they are made after reading the thesis?
The thesis says:
Reliance on the spontaneity of the masses
must be replaced by most systematic united
front organization from below" . "De-
tailed plans must be worked out by all dis
tricts for an organized mass mobilization of
the workers primarily on the basis of shops.
The committee thus established IN the shops
must be made to report their activities to
the workers in the shops and to central lead
ing bodies =. must gradually broaden out
and take permanent form; the basis for
trade union organization in the shops" etc,
etc.
What does Comrade Stahl find wrong with
this? He thinks this means "to leave the fight
ing front in the reactionary trade unions by
leaving them or founding new ones" By max
ing work in the shops and building new unions
our primary tasks, says Stahl, we abandon
the united front!'
What shall we say to this comrade? First
we must tell him that he is dangerously close
to the line of the opportunists, who can see
the "united front" only as a coalition with the
cleft" reformsts, the 'progressives" and
Music group. That is the line of Lovestone
and also of Cannon-both Right and Left
opportunsts. But it has very little in common,
to speak mildly, with the line of our Party or
of the Communist International.
The real united front from below cannot
find it's main base in revolutionary fractions
in the A. F. of L., because that organization
contains only small part of the working class,
The daily worker., 1930-05-23
PRE-CONVENTION DISCUSSION
How Shall We Organize the
Unorganized?

and that not the most important part. 1t must
be based upon revolutionary groups and COM
mttees in the shops, and upon the new unions
which begin the organization of the morgan
ized That is the oily road by which we can
reach the main masses of the workers. Only
in connection with this main road, and sub
ordinated to this main road, can we really
carry out properly that additional task laid
down in our thesis; "To increase manifold
the activities of the Communist fractions in
the reactionary trade unions"
When Comrade Stahl raises the cry against
this united front from below and places against
it the united front in the A. +. of L." he is,
whether consciously or not joining hands
with the enemies of the Party.
What remains of the arguments of Comrade
Stahl? The kernel of truth that was hidden
beneath his absolutely wrong and opportunist
opposition to the Central Committee thesis is
this, that the economic base for the rule of the
bureaucracy in the A.. F. of l.. has been rar-
rowed, that the possibilities for effective work
Of our fractions in the reactionary unions are
greater, because of the unemployment and econ
omic crisis. That our fraction work in the re-
dictionary unions is poorly organized and un-
satisfactory, is already established in the thesis.
When placed in its proper order as a sub
ordinate phase or our work, there can not be
the slightest objection but quite the contrary,
to registering these weaknesses and insisting
upon a remedy. The basic error of Comrade
Stahl lies in the fact that he wishes to abandon
the main line of march entirely, in favor of
concentrating all attention upon remedying our
weaknesses upon less important line This
must be decisively rejected.
Our Party will go forward along the path
which it has laid down; the winning of the
majority of the working class, the organization
of the unorganized, the Independent leadership
of the struggles of the workers, by means of the
united front from below and the building of
the revolutionary unions. We will clarity ali
those comrades who are still confused about
the meaning of this main line of struggle, we
will carefully work out the details of its appli-
caton and will ruthessly fight against all
opportunist tendencies to deviate from the line
or to hinder its application.
The daily worker., 1930-05-23
Helping Start the Southern
Worker"

THE campaign for funds to start publication
of the Southern Worker, being carried on
in the language press, shows very uneven re-
suits. Two Finnish papers, Eteenpain and
Tyomies, have already exceeded their quotas.
Uus lin, Esthonian, stands exactly at 100 per
cent. A few others have raised about half
of their part. But as whole the results are
only about 40 per cent, after many weeks. This
must be rcmedied, and the full amount needed
must be raised within few weeks, in order
that the new Southern paper may issue its
first number before the Party convention on
June goth. The following shows the quotas
assigned to each language paper, and the
amount which has been raised:
The daily worker., 1930-05-23

Demand the release of Fos-
ter, Minor, Amter and Ray
mond, in prison for fighting
for unemployment insurance.
The daily worker., 1930-05-23

This latter series, it should be noted, indi-
Gates total sales billed, that is, it includes eX
port sales. Two qualifications must be made
regarding both series. There is not to the
knowledge of the author any means available
by which we could tell % what percentage
of domestic sales are for replacement, (2)
what part of the increase in sales by these
SO manufacturers signifies increased concen-
tration of production within the agricultural
machinery industry.
Despite the noted qualifications we believe
the data indicates an upward trend in the use
of agricultural machinery This increase in
the use of agricultural machinery not only
occurred during period d general agricu-
tural crisis but is an expression of that crisis
and one of the means by which that crisis
had been extended and deepened. The use of
agricultural machinery means the ability TO
produce more cheaply. In consequence those
The daily worker., 1930-05-23

(Relatives 1923-1925 - 100. Compiled
from reports on dollar amounts by 83
manufacturers in the U. S. for 1923 to
1928 and 73 manufacturers for 1929
The same facts are indicated in another
series which differentiates the classes of ma
chinery.
Total Sales BILLED hy Granns ga Eirmsl
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
D. c. HierSafe, One Dies, f
Planes Lost in Mishap

HONOLULU, Hawaii, May 16
U.N.SO AS the aftermath of
the mishap to the Army Keystone
bombing plane. which plunged
into the sea off the Island of
Maui, and subsequent rescue eff
forts of other Army and Navy
planes, one man was dead today
and four planes were lost.
Staff Sergeant Joseph Becker.
of Brooklyn. N. Y, lost his life
when the bomber fell into the
sea.
The planes lost. in addition to
the bomber, were two Army sin
gle seaterS and Navy twin
motor Douglas patrol. The Navy
plane sank as it was being towed
to Pearl Harbor.
The keystone bomber, under
the command of Lieut.. T. L.
Boyd, was making a training
flight over the sea when an
aileron broke at height of 5000
feet. Three of it's crew jumped
in parachutes but Becker, the
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
c. D. P. CHOOSES
DELEGATES

LEESBURG, Va, May 16.-Del-
egates and alternates elected at
a Republican mass meeting at
Purcellville, Va, to attend the
eighth congressional district con-
vention to be held at Orange,
Va. were:
Delegates: C. M. Page, Broad
Run district; j E. Divine and
Daniel E. Brown, Jefferson Gls-
trict: F. D. Paul and N. C. Mich
OILS, Leesburg: Parson S. Hick-
man and T. C. OrriSon, LovettS-
vile: Kenneth Cromer and Diggs
Gray, Middleburg; A. M. Janney
and A.. E. Lybolt. Mt. Gilead;
Shirley Piggott and Robert Abel,
delegates at large.
AlternateS: Clyde Norton, Broad
Run; A. L. Painter and George
Hough, Jefferson; Mrs. Emma
Willard and Mrs. Mary S. Mich
OILS Leesburg: Russell Sexton and
John G. Abel, Lovettsville;
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
Initiate IL Honor
SOcietU Members

MARTINSBURG, w. Va, May
a6. ~ Twenty-Five students, mem.
bers of the recently formed honor
society at the high school here,
were formally initiated into mem.
bership in an impressive cere:
g11ony at the high school.
The = student members are:
Seniors, Katherine Bonner, Madge
Fitzpatrick, Edna May CAN'T,
Hannah Geyer, Dorothea Hughes.
John Knipe, Donald Lindsay
Anna Mckee, Mary M. Miller
Ruth Power, Arthur Prather
Dorothy Robinson, Frances Lee
Seibert, Mary Christine Voorhees,,
William Weller. Juniors were:
Ruth Hollis, Mary Virginia Kill
mer, Valeria Lightner. Mary
Lloyd. Eleanor Miller. Fern Mil
Ter, Mary w Roderick, Mary c..
Fopp, Janet Schroeder, Anna
Stephens.
The Washington times., 1930-05-16

fourth, plunged into the ocean
with the plane.
Private CoWan. whose shoulder
was dislocated when he jumped in
a parachute. said he was riding
in the forward gunner'S cockpit
when he noticed the bomber
leave the formation and began
nosing down.
He said:
Lieutenant Boyd shouted to
me. and l CrawIed out of the
cockpit and back over the cat
walk. The terrific air pres
sure blew me off the plane"
Cowan said his legs were en-
tangled in ropes when he struck
the water but managed to kick
himself clear. He stated he did
not see Becker at any time during
the mishap.
Just how Becker was caught in
the plane may never be known.
He was riding in the radio cock
pit, which is considered a most
favorable position in case of an
accident. 1t is believed his para
chute may have opened while he
was still in the cockpit.
The Washington times., 1930-05-16

Of the Association Against the
Prohibition Amendment. The
association was against State
option until we got prohibition
and now they want it back
again"
Jones ASSaiIS Stand
Senator Jones (RD OF Wash
ington, prohibition leader in the
Upper House, declared:
"MOrrOw'S plan goes right
back to, where we were before
we adopted the Eighteenth
Amendment. / don't think the
country wants to do that"
Representative Bacharach (R)
of New Jersey, a wet, praised
Morrow, as did Representative La.
Guardia (RD of New York, a wet
and a progressive. who said:
Il will support him in pref
erence to Frelingnuysen, who
had chance to run as a wet
and turned it down. MOrrOw's
stand is courageous"
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
NORROWTS STAND FOR REPEAL
CREATES SENSATION IN CAPITAL
NO CALL FOR MOORE

The ringing wet declaration OF
Dwight w. Morrow in opening
his campaign for the Republican
nomination for Senator in New
Jersey was the political sensa.
ton of the Capitol today.
While it was we'll known that
Morrow would adopt liberal
stand in his campaign. even the
vets were hardly prepared for
such a strong attack upon the
Eighteenth Amendment.
Sides With du POnt
In declaring for repeal of the
Eighteenth Amendment and State
control of the liquor question,
with Federal activities limited to
preventing shipment of liquor
into States that want to remain
dry, Morrow takes the same
stand as P. S. du Pont, Henry H.
Curran, John J. Raskob and
other leaders of the Association
Against the Prohibition Amend
mer1t. ..
Morrow, thus steps into the
front ranks of the wet leaders.
and, if elected to the Senate, it
is expected that leadership of the
wet bloc" will gravitate to him.
Morrow for President" became
the slogan of many enthusiastic
vets who read his Newark speech.
A victory in November, a good
record in the Senate, combined
with his services as ambassador
to Mexico and standing in the
business world. will make him
ideal timber for a Republican re-
volt against prohibition, the vets
say.
Hoover Embarrassed
The immediate effect of the
Morrow announcement, it was
declared, will be to embarrass the
Hoover Administration. A part
Of the Administration and an
American delegate to the London
naval conference, he is the first
outstanding figure in the AL
r11inistration to take militant
wet stand while President Hoover
is demanding enforcement.
Drys were angered by Morrow's
stand. and their answer may be
an announcement from Represen-
tative Franklin Fort, another close
friend of the President, that he
will enter the New Jersey primary
In opposition to Morrow. Fort
has maintained silence since nc
admitted Saturday he was toying
with the idea. Fort was expected
to return to Washington later to-
day.
F. Scott Mcbride, superintendent
Of the Anti-Saloon League, as.
sailed Morrow's speech as IAN
out-and-out wet platform. Said
Mcbride:
"He has adopted the program
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
HOOVER POLICE.
HAS NEW CHIEF

A bill placing the White House
police force under the control of
the United States secret service
and increasing the force from SO
privates to 43 was signed yester-
day by President Hoover.
Richard Jervis, head of the
White House secret service will
be in charge of the new force,
with Clarence L. Dalrymple, who
for 20 years has been in com.
mand of the force as sergeant,
as active head, with the rank of
captain.
Under the new law, Ernest M.
Seaman, who has been sergeant,
is promoted to lieutenant. The
three Sergeants provided by the
measure will be Adolphus Walters,
A. w. Gall and John M. D.
McCubbin.
Up until four years ago the
White House police came under
the supervision OF the metropoli-
tan police force,
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
English Music Week
Planned IN GernansU

BAD HOMBURG, May is d.N.
S).-Special musical features in
the coming summer season will
include a week Of English music
under the direction Of Prof. Don
aid Francis Tovey, of Edinburgh,
in the course of which the En-
glish composer Bax will conduct.
some Of his own works.
The Washington times., 1930-05-16
Women Will Return
To HOODSkirt Model

WILLITS, S, Calf. May 16
1.N.SD.-Beards were growing
wild and free today in Willis as
business men prepared for the
Frontiers Day celebration in July.
To match the mems Whiskerino
Club a number of women have
formed Hoop Skirt and Sunbon.
net Club.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-05
City Briefs

Friers. - Sanitary fed and fatten-
ed. Phone i28.
Road Work Progresses. -More
than four miles OF the Boca Chica
road have been paved and the job
is steadily gaining momentum. &C
cording 20 word IN the county en-
gineer's office.
Special extraordinary sale going
on now at the Covacevich Supply
Company across from the Chamber
Of Commerce. Adv 5
Dickey's Old Reliable Eye Water
refreshes and strengthens weak and
tired eyes. ADV. ca
New York Man Visitor. - L. Fl.
Jolley. Of Rochester. N. Y. is IN
Brownsville on business. He Is reg
istered at a local hotel.
Sunday Fried Chicken dinner. soc.
Hollingsworth Hotel. ADV. s.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-05

Continued from page ID
ers Albert and Walter in a coal
mine 10 carr their first plane.
Kenneth showed the disappoint-
ment OF the forced landing. but adj
mitted il would have been too per-
ilous to stay up longer.
We had hoEed to keep on until
tomorrow he said. but when the
oil screen became cloEged and the
gauge quit. the only thing To do was
to come down.
Dead for Sleep
The little old motor sure did
more than We expected. said
brother John. and except for the
Gil trouble. was Just As sound when
VIC cam edown as when we went
up"
Both brothers were dead for sleep
and showed II.
"We didn't have a chance 20
think about how We felt in the air. y
John said. The radio was our only
recreation. Tomorrow at noon. I'll
be walking. but I have no other
plans until ] get a good nights
sleep and see how Il feels 10 have
my feet on the ground again"
But the good nights sleep didn't
begin early. Long after midnight
bathed. barbered and dressed in
comfort again-the brothers were
still ND at a banquet rushed on them
by airport and airlines officials,
sponsors OF the flight and friends.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-05
HORDES ATTEND
Continued + ON page y


the Cuspidor" and Amos" respect
lively. SIS each. Best advertising float,
Sanitary Kennel. s35. Second. Rob
inson's Machine Shop SIS. Fat Lady
first. Cascade Pool 81, sec d. Ideal
Laundry, So. T.llest man, Uncle
SAM" EweT Doss, s..
Judges were G. G. Stotler and
r. w. Edwards, Mrs. o. G. Aldrich
az San Juan. G.. q. Fleming OF
Pharr and F. T. Stridger OF Mis-
sion.
Snake Ca hing TOL-.
AT Point Isabel Saturday, the
festivities will continue in full
swing. The snake-catching contest
Is receiving statewide publicity. and
the Associat- : Pro s has requested
that pictures OF the novel event be
taken and sent to them for distr-ou-
ton. A free barbecue. for which 20
COWS and 10 goats will be killed,
will be one OF the mos. popular
features or the day. Boat racin VIII
be held. with sailboats. catboats,
and outboard-motor boats pa ticip-
ating.
A second fireworks display will be
given Saturday night, with the pyro-
technics shot from a barge anchored
in the bay. This event Friday night
was vDrv impressive.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-05
INTENTIONS FILED

Jesus Castro and Elyira Herman
doz. Brownsville. Juan Gonzales
and Maria G.. Salazar. San Benito.
Carlos r. Adams and Madge z. Ut
teTback. Harlingen: Francisco BEL
tron and Francisco Villareal.
Brownsville.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-07-05

A building az Elizabeth. n. J.
Is filled with 100000 poun' ~
s-y ice" and is colder inside than
ther the north or south