davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

whole economic structure. No business
can prosper or decline without affecting
all others. This in itself justifies the
establishment and maintenance Of
standards of business conserving the
best interests of all. It is this purpose
that the American Federation of Labor
has advanced from the beginning of its
existence in Strenuously opposing the
manufacture and sale of convict-made
goods in competition with those of free
labor.
The convict labor problem in the
United States finally became so i'm
portant that practically every State
in the Union adopted legislation pro-
hibiting the manufacture and sale of
convict-made goods in competition with
free labor. Recently the Federal Con-
gress passed the Halves Cooper bill,
which provides that sovereign States
may enact legislation depriving con-
vict-made goods of their interstate
character and prohibiting the sale
within the State, in competition with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Russian Soviets in Central Asia Spread
Bolshevism of Moscow Through Far East

TASHKENT.--One must travel some
5000 miles by rail from Moscow-and
probably wait a number Of years for
the opportunity-if he wishes to take
look at these far-away border coun-
tries of the Soviet Union in Central
Asia. On the political map they ap-
pear as spots just as gaudily colored
as the dress of honor donned by the
proud and reserved Usbekians, whose
land is the wealthiest and most i'm
portant in Soviet Central Asia today
The former Turkestan is today hardly
more than geographical conception.
The word, once a designation for the
whole country, still exists as an abbre-
Walton denoting the Turkestan-Si Siberian
Railroad, the So-called Turkish"
otherwise it is tabooed as pre-revolu-
tionary. 1t has been replaced by the
two Soviet republics of Usbekistan and
Turkmenistan, to which at the begin
ming Of the present year third, Tad
shikistan, was added
The boundary lines of the former
Czaristic vassal States, such as
Buchara, have disappeared. North of
the Pamir, adjacent to the border
mountains toward Western China, the
Soviet republic of Kirgisia is situated
as. an autonomous member of the
Usbekistan republic. On the plateau
of the Pamir an autonomous Pamir
territory exists whose geographical and
political borders are not exactly fixed
From the southeastern shore of Lake
AraI broad strip of desert land leads
off, forming the autonomous territory
of the Kara -Kalpaks. This, however
is territory already belonging politically
to the Russian Soviet Union, to which
likewise belongs as an autonomous part
the immense territory Of KasakStan.
This complicated division of territory
Is Of comparatively late date. 1t was
made in 1925 and shows 10 a certain
degree the wide political aspect 1t was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

free labor, of convict-made goods
manufactured in another State.
The enactment of convict labor
legislation of the kind and character
here referred to indicates clearly that
the American people are opposed to
the sale of convict-mined or convict
manufactured goods In competition
with the goods manufactured by free
labor. Because of this fact the people
generally have become aroused over
press reports which leave the impress
sion that lumber, anthracite coal and
other commodities and articles which
are being shipped from Russia and sold
in the United States, have, been mined
and produced by convict labor.
Policies COntrasted.
1t is inconceivable that convict-rnade
and convict-produced goods from a
foreign country can be sold in the
United States in competition with free
labor, where convict-made goods which
might be produced within its own ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Price of Birds Jumps
On Buddha's Birthday

The price Of live sparrows and other
birds recently took jump in Shang-
hal, China, on the oct aston of the
birthday of Buddha. Bird shops near
the city temple did a rubbing business,
sparrows, which ordinarily netted a few
coppers, selling at close 10 a nickel.
The reason for this lies in the terets
OF Buddhism, as understood by the
faithful followers. to the effect that
birds in captivity, especially sparrows,
must be set free on Buddha's birthday
If merit is TO be acquired.
The cycle is something like this:
Small boys go nesting ana bird-snaring
sell them to the bird shops, where they
are Gagged, only to be bought by
BuddhiSts. who take them out into the
open and set them free Everybody is
contented. and only the ,hopkeepers dc
little profiteering. Tie birthday OF
Buddha falls on May 8.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

to serve. Turkestan has been the latest
of the czaristic conquestS, having been
subjugated In 1865. 1t remained a
country that had to be defended up to
the last The period of conquest in
Central Asia had not even ended under
the Cars regime, much less for the
new Russia, which Is transferring its
center of gravity from Europe toward
the East.
There exists an inner connection be-
tween the Russo-C Chinese conflict and
the creation of the new Soviet Repub-
lie OF Tadshikistan. 1t is impossible, of
course, for Russia, with the means at
her disposal, to hold her ground in
Manchuria by methods of simple mill
tary and political force, for Russia is
at present unable to employ any agrees
sive measures against Japan.
The modern weapons of conquest,
such as national liberation from the
yoke of Imperialism and subsequent So
cial revolution, may not be applied to
the Chinese Colossus. For these rea-
sons 1t is believed at Moscow that Cen
trail Asia offers the best opportunity for
successfully applying the Soviet cure.
Central Asia is the ideal ground for
practical working of the Bolshevik
methods of minority politics. Giving it
brief first look, it seems to be an at
tractive and predetermined method.
The latest current of events in this
territory abounds with instances in
which bolshevism has arrayed itself
with nationalism.
The dream of the young Nationalist,
the modern reformers, has come to an
end. The Komintern lost no time in
decreeing that an alliance with them
could be only transitory. without hesi-
tation, bolshevtsm has taken possession
there OF the whole hand when only the
little finger was offered. 1t may have
done this with too much haste, for be-
yond the borders the Nationalist idea
is still much alive. The contest be-
tween bolshevism and nationalism has
not been decided yet and all means are
being used to CONTINUE the fight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
BY WILLIAM GREEN.

President Of the American Federation Of
LABOR
A MEXICAN trade unionists are
~ unalterably opposed to permit
"A ting the manufacture and sale
4 Il OF products of convict labor to
undermine con ditions and
standards of fair competition. It is
immaterial to this principle whether
the convict labor be American or for
eign. What we are concerned with is
that exploitation of prisoners shall not
undermine those standard practices
necessary to free competitive business
and labor. Convict-made goods are sold
at less than the cost of production with
free labor, because either very low
wages or no wages at all are paid.
The effects Of selling goods at less
than cost are even more disastrous to
innocent people than many acts for
which persons are imprisoned. We are
Just at the beginning of the develop
ment of standards of business ethics.
Commerce and business of early days
observed pretty much the same code of
ethics as did pirates Neither fairness
in dealing nor even human life de-
TERED the seeker of profits in the Eliza
bethan days. We have made progress
in business morality, though we fall far
short of always knowing what is the
best thing to do to conserve the best
interests of all.
Progress on Two Lines Cited.
Both industry and commerce today
have made greater progress in develop
ing Our modern mechanism than we
have in understanding its intricate in
terrelationships. Because we do not
understand these interrelationships we
fail to discern theSStructure of interde-
pendence. that runs present-day in
dustry. This accounts for our failure
to keep the machinery balanced prop
erly and for our resulting business de-
pressions
Labor believes that exact knowledge
of industrial trends, together with exact
knowledge of the costs of industry and
commerce, are basic in mastering the
forces of economic control. Labor
rightly demands that management shall
manage its trust that only practices
promoting the continuing well being of
all shall be tolerated.
Exploitation is not the pathway to
constructive development. Manufac-
ture or sale of goods at less than they
cost under conditions that assure prog
ress for free and efficient working citi-
zens Is contrary to the ideals and pur-
poses of America.
Not so many years ago manufacturers
thought they We're putting through
clever business deal when they con-
tTacted with the State for convict labor
Sometimes they even induced the State
to pay the cost of factory maintenance
and overhead. Workers who had to
compete with conviets working without
pay, first pointed out the evil, and
through their unions started a cam
paign TO regulate convict labor. Other
manufacturers and merchants suffered
because of the special privileges given
these contractors. In time cumulative
effects were evident in business retarda-
ton finally depression.
The consequences of bad business
| policies as well as the effects of good
| policies are transmitted Throughout the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

has little or no relation to that war"
We must, nevertheless, see to it that
these American owned plants abroad
dc not compete with American plants
in America.
There is Just one feature of the proc
es,s that we need to watch. Only when
establishment of an American industry
III another country means the closing
Of that industry in America, with loss
Of employment to American workers, do
we need to worry. In that case the in
dlIStry is transferred outright from
American to foreign soil. But examples
o. this are rare Comparatively few
know of more than a single instance
iii recent years where the opening of q
factory for the manufacture and sale
o. a typically American product in a
foreign land meant the actual closing
o. a similar factory here. In the set
ting up of this plant it may not have
been the deliberate intent to take adj
vantage of lower foreign wage scale
and export back to America much of its
product, which happened at the time
to be on our free list That, however,
was the effect for time.
There are. no doubt, Americans who
regard as ideal situation in which the
Continued on Fourth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
Swedish Phone Lines
Are Triumph in Italy

In the last four or five years Swedish
telephone companies have SEQ ed q re-
raarkable series of successes in Italy.
While American companies. such as the
Western Electric, for instance, have
teen limiting their activities in the
larger cities of Rome, Turin and Milan,
Swedish competitors have installed tele-
phone exchanges in Verona, BreScia,
Bergamo, Alessandria, Novara. Vercelli,
('remona, Mantova, Naples, Palermo,
Syracuse, CataRtD and Messina.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31
BY JAMES J. DAVIS,

United States Secretary OF Labor.
~RITICS of the new tariff bill
contend that one of its effects
will be to stimulate the estab-
~ lishment of American fac
tories abroad. Certain foreign
countries, they point out, have already
retaliated against our tariff with tariffs
of their own, which in some cases viz
tually amount to an embargo on Amer
lean products.
Italy's new rates against American
automobiles are pointed to as an ex-
ample. These critics tell us that SINH
lar tariff moves against our goods may
be expected. The answer of American
sellers in foreign markets will be to
establish branch factories within those
markets and behind tariff walls. The
effect will be that the American pro-
Queer will retain his hold on the for
eign market he has won for his prod
uct, but in the manufacture of this
product he will employ foreign labor,
with consequent loss to the American
workers who might have been en-
ployed in the manufacture of such
product. With the passing of time and
the extension and growth of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-31

Wv WHILE a more moderate state
ment by Treviranus German
NN Reich minister, formerly in
charge of occupied areas of
the Rhineland and a Sooth-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12
Efficiency and Profits

Private operation of public utilities is defended
with the argument that competition assures lower
rates to the consumer operating efficiency increases
If this defense is sound electrical rates through
out the United States should be on the decline. A
report from the bureau of mines reveals that the fuel
cost of electrical energy has been almost cut in half
since 1919 In that year it required average of 80
pounds of coal, coal equivalent, to produce one
kilowatt hour of electrical energy.
In 1923 the average fuel-cost 176 pounds a
kilowatt SIS per cent of the 1919 cost These figures
are computed by the bureau of mines the basis of
monthly reports from central stations producing 95
per cent of the nations electrical power.
Wages for plant operatives have remained prac-
ticaly unchanged since 1919, but the number of
employees has decreased, while the total output in
creased. Thus the labor per unit of power has
also declined.
Finally, twenty billion kilowatts of new water
power energy has been added to the average annual
electrical output since 1919. Water power energy
everywhere costs less to produce than fuel electricity
In 1923 two-thirds of all the energy produced came
from water plants.
These figures mean first that even the most ex-
penslve production methods becoming yearly less
costly unit of output They mean, second, that the
proportion of water power energy-less expensive to
produce than the least expensive fuel units in
creaSng.
The logic of these considerations is that the average
production cost for all electrical energy has been
reduced by approximately cne-hah in the last ten
years.
To what extent have the consumers shared these
benefits of operating efficiency? Refusal of the cleo
trical industry to present its financial reports to the
federal trade commission inquiry makes the statistical
answer to this question unavailable.
The only answer to be given is that which each
consumer can provide from his own experience.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12

directly responsible for calling the western world
into the greatest European of history, would be
contradiction of the purposes for which we have met
Doesn't Stimson know that the same argument
be used with equal effectiveness for the total abo
lition of all naval vessels?
Does he think in face of al. the counter evidence
of history, that he make war pretty? Does he
think that abolition of submarines would make any
future war, with the present improved methods of
frghtfulness against beligerents and noncombatants
more humane" than the last?
Does he not know that the submarine is the only
inexpensive weapon which smaller and poorer coun-
lres have to protect themselves against the great
powers such as America and Britain with large
offensive fleets and batteships? That is the answer
made by France and Italy, and it not be refuted.
Does Stimson not know that there 10 only way
fair bargain of the smaller countries for abolition of
submarines in exchange for abolition of battleships?
America has blocked the proposal of Britain and
others for abolition of the battle5p America is
demanding the right to build a new and stronger
batteship.
Then by what rule of fair play, or Of morality, or
of sheer diplomatic strategy Stimson make his
submarine proposal which drives other nations into
an anti-American bloc?
AL agree, including American naval officers that
there is no chance of aboshng the submarine on
Stimson'S one-sided terms. Therefore the proposal
generally is interpreted merely as a gesture
If it is gesture, it may be costly one
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12
REASONBy FE EERBFs

NOBODY is excited these days on reading that
smallpox has broken out here and there, but in
former days such like fire bell in the
night, arousing entire communities and filling them
with fear.
Then the ravageS of the disease were great and
out from each town there was pesthouse where the
victims confined and after school curious chill
dren, holding their noses would gaze upon it from
distance of 200 yards, then turn and run.
thanks to vaccination and cleaner living, this
scourge has lost its errorS: thanks to the constant
abors of medical science this and other plaques which
Slew our ancestors have been controlled or ban1shed
from the land.
If the lawyers of the country only would band
together to handle crime the doctors have banded
together to handle disease, life and property would
be more secure
A DELEGATION appeared before congress. seeking
- to have the high notes taken from The Star
Spanged Banner" but after this has been done the
people will have to learn the words before they can
sing it.
Now everybody sings the first line and huns the
rest.
One trouble with this disarmament conference at
London is that all the delegates technical experts
II each nation had sent delegation of ordinary
taxpayers the result would have been the greatest
international scrap pile in all history.
When one listens 70 the 6roadcastng of these
speeches from London he thinks what chill it would
have given England ii Patrick Henry's Liberty or
Death speech could have been sent the Atlantic
THE papers say that Indy and Anne expect an
Il heir some time in April and if the little fellow
takes after his flying folks he will cut his teeth
a comet and employ the rolling thunder for
rattle box.
The secretary of the Hammond 1nd0 Chamber
of Commerce that the industrial center of
the United States is only thirty miles from that
town, but the repeating center is much closer
than that
Germany has just christened one of her bal
looms with bottle of milk but it would seem that
1t would have been appropriate to bottle
of cream.
"a -
Senator Couzens of Michigan did right to forgive
his daughter for clipping with that young Washing
ton banker, for having been insurgent himself all
these years he could not very well blame her for
following his example.
China is on the verge Of another war, which
proves that you can lead rebel general to market
but you can't make him sell
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12
Congress Can Help


Congress is about to have its long-awaited oppor
tunity to cooperate with the administration in
Indian reform. The Indian bureau under the Hard
ing and Coolidge administrations among the
worst OF executive services and that saying lot
Congress, quite properly, objected. Now there has
been a sweeping change.
one of the finest things President Hoover has
done is the appointment of Indian Commissioned
RhoadS and Assistant Commissioner Scattergood
They are men of wide business experience and high
in the public confidence. They know the Indian
They have to grind. political or personal.
These executives have been given a free hand by
the President in their difficult job of housekeeping
SO they have been able to improve personnel and to
evolve intelligent and constructive policy.
rnat policy aims at making the Indian self
sustaining, Sef-respecting American citizen Just
rapidly this be brought about This involves
raising the health, living and educational standards
Of the Indian dependent on the federal government
ana at the same time gradually transferring these
functions to the states under proper safeguards.
Indians would be absorbed into the public school
system. 1t is hoped to eliminate the Indian bureau
ana much OF what Is known the special Indian
problem within twenty-five years
With this progress in sight, unexpected opposition
developing in congress.
Whatever may be said of details of the individual
ollS necessary carry out the administration policy
it is difficult to believe that congress will put itself
in the position of obStructing that general policy
of reform
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12
Who Won?

Whatever the people as whole may gam
from the services Of a Nobesyille editor as
a collector of revenue for the state, a post
important to politicians since it comes into
very close contact with big incomes, the pro-
fession Of journalism will gain little in public
confidence by this appointment.
In the family quarrel-if there was one
it would appear that Watson deserted his
friends and that Robinson Furnishes not only
those who fail to regard him as the greatest
of all statesmen, but serves notice that no
one with relative who refuses to accept this
creed can hope to gain recognition. The
women of the state will understand that they
are merely useful at elections and then for
gotten.
Before the senate approves of the ap-
pointment Of the Noblesville editor, some one
should make immortal his services to the
state in an important hour.
1t was this editor who rushed to the de-
Tense Of Ed Jackson when he stood accused
of attempting to bride his way to power and
who lauded Coffin as the greatest of all
leaders.
That very few of his colleagues re-
printed the appeal, which was broadcast at
great expense, is a tribute to the judgment
and the journalistic honesty of the others.
The selection may be useful 1t should
serve to remind Republicans of the state Of
the rule of Jackson and the statute of limi-
tations.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-02-12
The Man of the Ages

Each one may find some reason of his own for
paying tribute today to the memory of Abraham
Lincoln, enshrned in the hearts of his countrymen
as the most human OF all Presidents, perhaps the
greatest contributor to it's destiny.
Descendants of slaves reverence him as the lib
orator who struck away their shackles and left them
free to work cut their own destiny
Students of history acclaim him for his great faith
in the power of the people to rule themselves and
his insistence on the traditions of popular govern
ment.
His tragic death now seems the work of fate rather
than that of assassin for it aroused sleeping
loyaties and invites reverence for his memory that
might have been dimmed had he lived through the
hates of the days of reconstruction
Certain it is that he would never have consented
to harsh reprlSaI toward the southern states
permitted the traditions of sef-government to
be violated. The result would have inevitably been
his descent in public confidence in the north for
the hates of war do not die with the echo of the
last shot They live bitterly in the hearts of the
wctors as they smolder in untorgettabe resentment
in the souls of those who lose.
Perhaps the highest tribute is that he understood
the age in which he lived, caught its aspirations and
Its hopes and thus able to lead and guide when
conflicting views threatening to disrupt and
divide those who, by tradition, desire and necessity
should have common purpose and common destiny.
That Indiana contributed to the formation of his
character matter of pride 1t in this state that
ne developed those qualities OF mind and soul which
we're to later direct the nation in its hour of test.
Here it was that he came to understand the real
meaning of liberty and the real foundations of all
freedom.
Malgned. criticised, opposed at every STEP he saw
clearly and thought straight For that he lives,
not the Emancipation but believer in his fellow
man, whose vision reached into the ages, who saw
human rights ever dominant and the final con-
queror oppression hate and tyranny in every guise
and every form.