Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-16
BIOLOGIST REFUTES
APEMAN THEORIES
Infant Behavior Differences
Held to Disprove Ortho-
dox Evolution.

declare man derived from an ape an
cestry are challenged once more by d.
Austin H. Clark, celebrated biologis
and National Museum curator, in ,
volume just issued, In which is pre-
scented all the complicated technica
evidence for his theory Of the simulta'
neous appearance of the major animal
groups.
This zoogenesis concept, which aroused
much discussion In the scientific wor!e
when first presented by DR.. CLARK i.Ss
Winter, since has been enlarged ~ the
to include the behavior as Wen - ,~ai
biological structure of different amman
families. ..h.vIor
Between the characteristic ! pa
OF apes and men the Snu 49,. -
scientist finds gaps 20 pfo91 S.SS~S
does not believe they can -.
AL human children, no say m'e oie
marked popularity when sesA'S w VIC
..When babies first begin to touch
.na hoJd ohiacts he says, they seem
70 .how an extraordinary preference
Sor had and especially rough, objects.
So far as I know, this Ii not at all true
" when they are given . hard object,
y
their mouths and when they begin to
iose interest in it they commonly end
bv wrecking 1t against something. II
monkeys lose . interest in something
which they are holding In the hand,
they always drop it.
Whaclxing Propensity Instructive.
1.-THE whacking propensity Of babies
a. perhaps the most important and sig-
utncant instructive reaction OF babies.
ct once proclaiming them Is funda-
mentally different from young monkeys.
ut is probably safe to assume that
these two reactions Of young babies lie
ut the bottom of all material human
progress. Apparently blind and undi-
rected as this instinct is, 1t II easy to
suppose that it would lead directly TO
the use Of tools. -"
Another popularity Of babies, DR..
Clark says, is o desire constantly to
hold something in the hand, which IL
not , shared n by young m no t., 81.
book, "The New Evolution" comes from
the well known destructiveness Of
babies, which Ii not duplicated among
the young Of the man-like apes, al
though 1t Is characteristic of the
balloons, who presumably are farther
back in the evolutionary scale.
Perhaps the most important social
difference between man and the apes"
ne continues. rs correlated with the
fact that in man the ministration Of
both parents or their equivalent are
necessary In the raising of q family.
A woman cannot raise family unaided.
She must have the assistance Of q hus-
band, or in the more complicated social
systems Of other members of the social
unit. All monkeys live together in pro-
niiscuous hordes, in which each female
raises her own young unaided. Family
attachments are not necessary and do
not occur"
Tabo0s Corrected Evils.
The family. he maintains, was Q hui
man institution from the beginning
rather than built up by q process OF
social evolution. "Taboos and laws"
he says, were not invented to mold
society into new and preconceived
forms. but, on the contrary, were de-
signed to correct evils recognized as
possessing diSruptive tendencies"
In highly developed social units" he
continues, "the human social system
tends more or less extensively to break
down. Promiscuity becomes frequent
attachments between individuals in
creasingly transient, families commonly
consist of single child or of two chill
dren Of very different ages. and in gen.
eral the human society seems to ap-
proach the system characteristic Of the
apes.
Prom this 1t has been argued that
the human social system was originally
derived from that of the apes, and that
such breakdown simply indicates .
return to fundamentals. This Is not
at all the case. It Is invariably the re-
suit Of economic causes arising from
the complexities Of the system itself.
$50 far rs we are able to Judge from
the actual evidence, the use Of fire and
tools were human attributes from the
very first appearance Of mankind. It
may with reasonable assurance be as
Sumed that the same Is true of speech
and the use Of clothing and ornaments.
Incredible as 1t may seem. the
closest parallel to the activities of man
IL to be found in the activities Of the
insects and not among the backboned
animals"