Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-08-04
REDS CONSTITUTE
CH|NA'S CHIEF FOE
Communists No Longer Bands
of Thieves and Robbers,
but Organized Forces.
BY the Associated Press.

SHANGHAI, August 4.-China's al
merely isolated bands of thieves and
robbers and disgruntled militarists, to-
day number thousands and constitute
not only the major obstacle to con-
tinued growth and development OF re-
publican China'S revolutionary Marking
government. but also the principal men,
ace to rural Chinas peace and pros
perity in threatening to turn China Red
and place her within the grip of Red
Russia in the latter's campaign for a
world Soviet.
China's Communists today are called
Reds because they are struggling TO
overthrow within China all evidences OF
class distinction, capitalism and i'm
perialism. Their aims are those of con-
vertS to Soviet Russias Third Inter-
rationale elsewhere throughout the
world who are striving to overthrow the
so-called upper classes and establish UNI
hampered communal governments.
ChiHAS Communists have ceased TO
be meM1 gDVing bands of thieves and
lawless soiaieaU. Instead they are genu-
inc converts to RusSia's Communism.
Their tenets come from Red Russia.
Farmers Join Ranks.
Reds in China no longer are rowing
brigandS victimizing helpless farmers.
Instead, poverty-stricken farmers by
thousands are joining China's Com
munist ranks, waving red flags and re-
sorting to unparalleled looting, burn
ing and killing foreigners and Chinese
alike, in the belief that by such blood
bath they will achieve social equality
and material prosperity as taught by
shrewd Chinese Communists.
The latter i'm turn became Commit
nists at the hands of MoscowS Reds,
who themselves planted in China the
seeds of worldwide Communist revo-
luton before the conservative elements
of Chinas Nationalist ranks drove
them again into Soviet Russia.
Russias Communists first showed
interest in China when they seized
power at home and established their
own Soviet republic. They asked
China to attend the first Congress of
the Communist Internationale at Mos
COW in the Spring of 1919. Two
months later the first Communist
propaganda center was found at
Shanghai.
Sought Recognition.
In July, 1919. the Moscow Com
munists issued manifesto to China,
offering to return all lands taken from
China by the Russian imperial govern
ment, to restore to China undivided
control of the Chinese Eastern Rail-
way, to renounce all Russian claims to
share in the Boxer indemnity and
relinquish territorial privileges in
China. The condition was Chinese
recognition of the Russian Soviet gov
eminent.
Chinas then existing foreign office
declined.
The Soviet foreign Office renewed its
offer in September, 1919, and in addi-
ton offered to cancel all Sino-Russian
treaties, negotiating anew on a basis
of absolute equality.
China still declined.
During 1921 and 1922, although the
Reds were unable to establish relations
with China. their position in the Far
East was strengthened. The Monaghan
Soviet Republic was established and
the Far Eastern republic became an in
tegral part of the Soviet domain.
Joffe Met Sum Yat-Sen.
Late in 1922 Adolf Joffe, among Mos
cows cleverest propagandists. arrived
in Peiping. In January, 1923, Joffe
met Sun Yat-Sen in Shanghai Sun
Yat-Sen, founder of China's revolu-
ton, then was a refugee from Canton,
the anti-revolutionary forces having
crushed his budding Nationalist move
ment in South China. Sun wanted
foreign aid for his revolution. He
long had hoped for aid from the United
States or Great Britain.
They continued to disappoint him
and in desperation he turned to Russia.
This meeting between Sun and Joffe
resulted in Sino-RuSSian entente
cordiale, which marked the turning
point of the Chinese revolution.
Sun Yat-Sen declared neither Com
munism nor the Soviet political system
was applicable in China and Joffe con-
CURED and promised the Soviets would
not attempt propaganda in China.
Both knew their ultimate aims were
irreconcilable and that their entente
would not last long, but the immediate
aims concurred.
Both Took Chances.
Sun Yat-Sen wanted aid during the
military stage of his revolution and was
willing to chance that Soviet propa-
ganda would not take root in China.
Russia wanted help in her Far Eastern
campaign against outposts of capitalism
and was willing to chance that the
Chinese Republic prove a friend rather
than an enemy of her world revolution
Immediately following this compact
the Russian military advisers arrived
at Canton. Michael Borodin, their
leader, sought to give the Chinese revo-
lutionaries the benefits of his expert
ence gained managing revolutions in
Mexico and Turkey. In addition he
sought to achieve Russia's principal pur-
pose, to get Chinese Communists into
China's revolutionary Kuomintang
party.
Political and military training insti-
tutes appeared. China's revolutionary
forces took shape along lines of Rus
munists entered the Kuomintang al
though bound to obey the party's
rulings.
Russia Gains End.
Red Russia had gained her end.
China'S Communists were in a position
Ito bore Within" They looked for con-
Verts principally among the wage earn
ers. poor peasants, uneducated young
men and women and overseas Chinese
who were dissatisfied with the slow
progress of the revolution, and soldiers
and sailors.
The greatest source of recruits lay
among dissatisfied peasants. who were
close to the line of subsistence. Peasant
leagues and unions sprang up every
where, especially in Kwangtung
Province.
China recognized Russia. From then
on Russian and Chinese Communists
in China worked openly. despite opposi-
ton of conservative elements of the
Kuomintang. Communism prospered
concurrently with revolutionary progress
In August, 1925, China's first Soviet
government appeared in Changsha,
4