davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
California, the "Golden" State OF
Militant Workers

same lash on huge farms that produce lettuce
in January and February, canteloupes in June
and July watermelons in July and August, as
well as other minor crops the year around.
Conditions Force Strikes.
The brutalizing conditions that have forced
numerous strikes in The Valley" in 1917, 1922,
1928 and in January, February and June, Of
$780, are to be found iii other sections of the
state where California produces 90 per cent OF
the nations grape crop; one-third of the total
crop of pears and peaches and cut of its Death
Valley" comes all the boraX mined in the coun-
try California is ten times as large in area
although it has about the same population as
Switzerland. This population includes upwerds
of 100000 Jspanece with about 10000 Chinese.
The number of agricultural workers drifting in
from Mexico increases. California is developing
the growing of cotton, Exploitation increases.
Working class resistance grows.
FL Centric, largest city of Imperial Valley, an
inferno for workers in the fields during the
tropic heat of midsummer becomes pleasure
resort in winter for parasites from the nation
over April IA $780, saw Mexican, Filipino, Ne
gro and native white workers gathered in
mass meeting. Speakers from c-cl race and
nationality told of their grev- in their own
language 1t was a terrible story of the most
brutal sweating of human labor that was inter-
rupted as the doors crashed inwards and police,
deputy ~,eriffs and privately-hired thugs lev
elled their guns at the workers, who were
searched by this armed mob, chained together
in groups and loaded into huge trucks; 113 were
thrown into the FL Centre County Jail.
Like Sacco-V anzetti Trial.
In an atmosphere reminiscent of the vengeful
days when Nicola Sacco and Bartoloneo Vanzetti
were placed on trial in Massachusetts, court
under guard of soldiery to be railroaded to DEATH
these Imperial Valley workers were also brought
to trial Protests Of workers against this vicious
proceeding were savagely attacked and broken
up by the police There were numerous de-
portations,. especially of Mexican workers The
most extreme sentences up to 40 years in prison,
were finally passed against eight Of the prisoners
These death sentences with the refusal OF
freedom for Mooney and Billings reveal clearly
the developing attack CT organized business
against the working class. During all these 20
years. since John 3. Mcnamara first went to
prison for life, Hiram w. Johnson, the so-called
progressive" republican has been United States
senator from California. He has been the pro
gressive" mask behind which the mrrrderous re-
action has advanced in its attacks against labor
The fight for the freedom of the Imperial
Valley prisoners and for the liberation of all
victims of capitalist class justice, grows into the
drive for the repeal of the vicious criminal syn
dicalist" laws and a counter-offensive against
the political regime of CALIFORNIA; black reaction
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
LABOR UNITY In DRIVE FOR 10000
new READERS

Labor. Unity. the officiaAorgan of the Trade
Union Unity League, is now conducting cam
paign of 10000 now readers and 5000 subscribers
by March !, $780,
At this time, when over million workers are
unemployed layofs and wage cuts taking place
daily breadlines of all descriptions increasing, it
is most opportune time for the Labor Unity and
it's, section the Unemployed Worker to reach,
lead and organize the unemployed and employed
workers for the fight for Workers Insurance
and immediate relief
In this drive. New York's quota is 5000 read
ers, 1000 subscribers and New York edition
of Labor Unity by March first
To achieve this, the Trade Union Unity Coun-
Gil has already started this campaign.
The New York Campaign Committee for IN
employment Insurance at its preliminary con-
ference December 10Th adopted Labor Unity as
its official organ.
Over 5000 delegates have pledged support and
voted for special New York edition of $4,000
or more on January 18TH
The TUUC is making preparations for circu
larizing the membership Of its affiliated organi-
cations on Labor Unity.
In order to achieve this 100 per cent 1t is ne
cessary that every Union, League, Unemployed
Council, Workers Clubs, F'raternal Organizations
and all Workers Organizations get behind this
drive Immediately, take up Labor Unity at every
yneatingg ;elact Labor Unity Agents in every shop
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
by VIM. z. FOSTER.

1T1E principal achievement Of the recent c. c.
Plenunl was the Qualification made on the
uestion OF the role Of partial demands. The
discussion based upon the excellent resolution
a the Comintern, was greatly needed by our
arty, there having previously existed much con-
lsion on this vital matter.
The Plenum discussion demonstrated beyond
oubt that there has been a widespread tendency
underestimate the Importance of partial de-
hands, There has been too much reliance on
road political slogans and too little concentra-
, on upon questions OF the most immediate in
crest to the workers. The Party has failed
clearly understand that the politicahzation of
he workers struggle must be based upon and
art from the fight over the most immediate
read and butter questions of wages, hours,
orking conditions, unemployment relief, etc.
here has been consequently a tendency for our
lass work to remain rather in the sphere Of
aneral agitation than Of actual struggle.
This tendency has been especially harmful to
ne development of the revolutionary unions of
ne TUUL. Their practice is packed full of in
idents where they have ignored the questions of
ne smaller more urgent demands and have tried
, develop the workers struggles singly around
major demands
The general effect of this has been to reduce
cur unions largely to skeleton revolutionary pro-
uganda organizations and to hinder their
rowth into broad mass trade unions fighting the
very day battles of the working class, as we'll
S preparing the workers for their greater poll
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
ON THE QUESTION OF PAR
TIAL DEMANDS

teal tasks in the revolutionary struggle to over
throw capitalism.
But the underestimation of the Importance of
the partial demands has had even more far
reaching effects than this. 1t has led to a SER
ious underestimation of trade union work alto
gether. For it is clear that if one does not
clearly see the basic role of trade unions as Or
carnations fighting for the every day demands
of the workers he does not see any real reason
for their existence in general If their tasks are
only those of agitation why build them at all,
for the Party can do that work itself, and
skeleton union organization is unnecessary and
burden.
Ever '-,os cur Party WIS organized it has been
afflicted with deep going underestimation of
trade unionism, both in the A. F. of L. and
T. U. U. l.. Even yet only about IS per cent
of our members belong to labor unions and only
a third of these are active We have repeatedly
attacked this passivity, but without real success
It is only with the recent question of the partial
demands, that we are at last beginning to eff
fectively solve the problem. Passiyity towards
trade union struggle also has roots in right
wing underestmation of the rehabilitation OF
the workers but most of it comes from an under
estimation of the partial demands.
The recent Plenum is one that will stand out
in the history of our Party With its clarifica-
ton of the question of partial demands and elab-
grafton of the new methods of work generally,
it is milestone on the way to transferring our
Party from an agitational organization into
mass Party leading the working class.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30

courage and gain their respect for our leader
ship and organization
The last Plenum of ~ur Central Committee
laid great deal of stress on the question of
orgapizational -'ethods on establishing contact
with 1.-The masses and in organizing the various
campaigns. We must, therefore in a very self
critical manner. discuss the shortcomings of the
Party as revealed in the various Party cam
paigns, In line with the Plenum resolution which
stated: Our Party will be able to guide and to
organize this mass movement and lead it into
revolutionary channels, only if 1t makes the most
drastic self-critical denomination of every de-
tail of its work and activity and fundamentally
revises its method of work in its contact with
the masses"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
k2zsla<..A
Not Mutualism, But Murder
By Jorge

From Tampa Florida comes letter 1t tells
of the death of a worker-and to us there is
nothing more important than such things.
He was a Spanish-born worker, Carlos Mer-
cado a tobacco worker, who, before he became
a Communist Though we are not certain that
he ever member of the Party, as, unfor-
tunately our Party has not reached the Latin
workers of Tampa with organization), joined
what was supposed to be benevolent society,
the Centre Asturiano" This is a strong" and
rather popular society, but is thoroughly reac-
tionary in leadership.
He wished to provide against helplessness In
case of sickness, and for many years paid his
dues to the Centre Asturiano" which has sani-
toria in Havana and in Tampa, where Mercado
worked with many other thousands of tobacco
workers. But the Centre Asturiano knew when
Mercado became active as a revolutionary work.
err and when, recently, under the weight, Of the
miseries capitalism heaped on him, like many
sensitive workers, he became ill and suffered a
mental breakdown, a nervous collapse, the Cen
tro Asturiano refused to admit him.
More, it turned him over to the county
ficials at Tampa who promptly put him in js
CELL dark and up to his waist in water. where he
was held. suffering cold, completely naked, for
week. Under such condition it is not surpris-
ing that he became worse and when removes
10 Cne fIo-lod asylum al Tallahassee, Colnfau
Mercado died two days after being received
there.
Comrade workers, this is 'mutualism" under
capitalist direction. That is, it is murder. moth
ing less. And it occurs to us that the Latin
American workers in the United States have
great need for sick and benefit society free
from bourgeois control. We think that the IN
ternationa Workers Order should provide this,
a Spanish language section. We must stop this
tragedy of murder masquerading as plutualisnl,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30

that the first meeting toward the organization
Of such council was scheduled for the 22nd at
the meeting OF the unit organizers which was
held on the 21st, this was not even seriously
mentic~ed. Another bad feature at the con-
ference of the unit organizers was the effort to
blame the poor IMPOSITION of the membership
for the. failure to carry through mass cam
paigns, instead of discussing ways and means
of overcoming the difficulties and mobilizing
even the bad membership for mass activities
However one cannot put the entire blame on
the section leadership and certainly not on the
unit leadership. The old method seems to per-
sist. A mere setting of a date, few general
instructions and the masses are expected to re-
spond, at time when there is no unemploy-
ment council, not even one functioning as a
propaganda organ, let alone functioning as an
organ of struggle. It is clear that under such
circumstances, if we do not merely phrase
monger about hunger marches. it is necessary
to mobilize the entire Party in the section. from
top to bottom, for the most intensive work, to
reach end organize the workers for this cam
paign.
If we fail to organize mass hunger march,
will 1t be due to the fact that there are no
hungry workers in that neighborhood ready to
struggle? Certainly not The fault will not lie
with the +. - workers, hut with the poor lead
ership mere phrase mongering, and amateurish-
ness on the part Of the Party organization.
Organization for struggles under the present
circumstances is very serious matter In many
insta''r -, it must be put on a war footing We
must prepare well for the various campaigns,
and particularly for actions which will bring us
in direct clash with the police, leading to bitter
struggles Undoubtedly, 100000 unemployed
workers will not commit suicide but these o.
100000 workers will not fight militantly. either,
II We will not provide them with . leadership
ana nrrnniutfcn that WI DIN ihoR {aith. nd
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
Frequently in Acts

Pore Plus XII says the newspapers, "tirget
peace and social justice" in his Christmas blah.
bah. But with certain important qualifca tons
He wants the devout to still say prayer now
and then for the Mexican Catholics but he
wants the whole book of prayer heaved at the
Soviet Union. Also, he said:
Nothing could be more offensive or injurics
to his person than such violation of the Later 2
treaty, nor could anything contrast more sharply
with the scored character of the Eternal City"
than the -"anti- Catholic proselytism carried on
in Rome itself, despite the Italian law which for
bids proselytism against the Catholic Church"
We thus see how much religious freedom" the
Catholic Church really stands for Which shows
UP the hypocrisy of its attack on the Soviet
Union, the only place where there is really re-
ligious freedom (Which includes the right to be
against religion and to teach others such view-f
points,.
AS an example of the way the church is work.
ing for war on the Soviet is seen in the leaflet
put out through the schools, we are told bear
ing what is called the General Intention for
January 1881" as recommended by His Holt
ness" 1t opens up:
"The anxiety of the paternal heart of the
Pope for all who are undergoing persecution in
Russia has frequently been manifested in acts.
BY his orders the prayers recited throughout the
Catholic Church after the low masses are offered
every day for Russia, and now he puts the sail
walton CT Russia and especially of the yout as
our first Intention for the year."
So the head of the Catholic Church has, as the
"first intention" for 1881. what he calls the SAL
walton" of Russia. And he boasts of having
hitherto manifested his anxiety" as he terms
his ounter-revolutionary hatred, frequently in
acts"
WELL the workers and peasants Of the Sovset
Union have plenty of experience in foiling such
acts. But it behooves all who understand what
all these prayers are leading to in "acts," to
raise the question with all workers, including
those still influenced by the church, as to why
the aims of the church coincide with the aims
of inperialist capital, and why the salvation Of
Russia" is put before, indeed it entirely obscures
the welfare of the growing starvation of million
of jobless and their loved Ones including man;
Catholics, throughout the capitalist world. Also,
why it is that in Soviet Russia nobt dy is star
wing, unemployment has been wiped out and the
scven-hour fve-day week is established.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
How to Get
socialists" Excited

Perhaps you noticed the furry in the I1alkan'
when King Boris of Bulgaria took unto ainsel
as consort, and right royal sort of consort,
Princess Giovanni of the italian royal house.
There was great to-do about this because it
seemed highly un-kosher, if we may take liberty
with the term, for Roman Catholic princess
to be getting pushed into wedlock, holy wedlock,
Of course with king who, as head of the Greek
Orthodox Church in Bulgaria, might get God
all tangled up in jurisdictional disputes to the
offspring and hence Of the Bulgarian throne.
We are consttutionally averse to worrying our
selves over the pedigrees Of all the royal rub
bish given in Burkes Peerage, and we look upon
a dispute between the Greek Orthodox and the
Roman churches with the same enthusiasm as
upon large dose of ipecac; but 1t struck us
as matter worth noting that the royal mar
riage became the most serious political question
for the so-caled socialist" party of Bulgaria.
That socialist" party raised the banner OF
veolt. No, junior, not for the emancipation OF
the working class in Bulgaria or elsewhere. But
its Socialist rebellion was directed against the
possibility of the throne of Bulgaria ever, here
after. in case the italian princess bore son toj
the Bulgarian king, the awful and oul-disturb =
ing possibility, that the Roman Catholic and
not the Greek Orthodox Catholic religion might
become the state religion of Bulgaria!
Naturally, not believing in violence. except
agaifss vorc..yG the Bulgarian socialists did
not take W arms about 1t. and confined their
rebellion" to pointing out in an insistent way
that the law or constitution or something IN
Bulgaria demands an Orthodox king, and warn
ing everybody that the Bulgarian Socialists" tn-
sist on their deunend for IN oxthodeg Aeog -
tha throna
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
By G. T. GRINKO.
Peoples Commissar of Finance, U.s.s.R.


X.
ySyE have row come to the most difficult and
W fascinating problem of these days: the So
calst reorganization of the Soviet village, to Sc
cure the advance of agriculture in the Soviet
Union by socialist methods. This. we may say,
is tie central idea of the Five-Year Plan now
being advanced in the Soviet Union with such
remarkable perseverance and creative enthus-
asn1. AT the same time capitalist observers are
amazed at this task, with its boundless promise
and gigantic difficulties 1t is here that the
bourgeois critics and opponents of the Soviet
Union see it confronting an inevitable collapse.
There is nothing surprising in the keen in
terest which the whole capitalist world takes in
the endeavor to carry out this program which
overtakes our bourgeois elements in their last
refuge, and leads to the complete abolition of
capitalism in the Soviet Union. 1t is only short
time since the bourgeois elements in the Soviet
Union and abroad, and liberal Smenovekhovtsi
OF every shade and color, derived comfort from
the fanciful idea that economic progress was
bound to bring about transformation of the
social nature of the Soviet power and restora-
ton of sound" capitalism in the U. S. S. r.
The open and extensive socialist offensive in the
village destroys the last of these illusions and
plainly demonstrates that the position Of social
ism in the U. S. S. r. has been strengthened and
consolidated on a new level.
Nor is there anything surprising in the fact
that this program has sharpened class resistance
on the part of the capitalist elements within tile
U. S. s.. r. and increased capitalist hostility to-
ward the Soviet Union the world over. Only the
naive man in the street" or the philistine can
imagine that the sharper aspect taken by the
class struggle has been due to what is termed
Indictment" on the part of the Soviet authority
and the Communist Party This is an absurdity
born of fear. If the class struggle and the class
resistance of capitalist elements in the Soviet
Union have become more acute. it is because of
the inevitable logic of the very fact of socialist
construction. which is carried on on the basis
OF relentless industrialization, and embraces in
creasng numbers of petty-bourgeois peasants.
Here indeed the last and decisive battle is being
fought. The program of socialist reconstruction
OF the village does not only cause intensifica-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
Today in
Workers History

DECEMBER 30, 1893-Revolutionary out
breaks in Sicily because of food shortage
and high prices. 1917-Hundreds of thou
sands Of workers paraded in Petrograd in
worlds greatest peace demonstration.
1920-General protest strike in Yugoslavia
against brutal suppression of miners walk
cut. 192.--Thirty thousand miners struck
Soviet Socialist Republics ratified by four
teen countries at tenth AlI-Russian Soviet
Congress in Moscow. 1s2S-Necdle Trades
Workers InApstrIel Union erganlked in New
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-12-30
The Peasant Under Socialism

ton OF the class struggle: at the same time it
opens the way for the complete disappearance
of classes in the Soviet Union
In the last ten or fifteen years agriculture and
the peasantry in the Soviet Union have gone
through transformations and upheavals of
scope and depth never known before At the
start of the October Revolution the Russian vii
lage had 102 million hectares of land under cul-
tivation, of which large proportion was owned
by the nobility, the clergy and members of the
imperial court. And within the 16 million pea
SAINT households there was heavy layer of ku-
laks. This top OF the peasantry had grown par
ticularly rich and prosperous as result of the
Stolypin land reform of 1907. The broad masses
of poor and middle peasants groaned under the
burden of feudal-captalist exploitation; their
uninterrupted waves of agrarian revolt we're
undermining the foundations of the Russian
Empire. Tsarist Russia exported about 700 mil
hon pools Q2.6 million tons) of grain annually
at the cost OF underfed masses The agricultural
technique of an overwhelming peasant ma jorty
was at primitive level.
This agrarian order was destroyed by the Oc-
tober Revolution During the historical night
which SPAWNED October Is and 26, 1917 the
Soviet authority abolished private ownership in
land. In the r. S. F. S. r. alone ITO million
hectares of land passed into the hands of the
poor and middle peasants And of this so mil
lion were taken from the kuaks In this way
peasants were relieved of the weight of the $50
million rubles they had formerly paid as rentals
on these lands alone. The hour of agrarianrev-
olution had struck Land was nationalized and
the redistribution that was the desire of CEN
turtles came with the end of private ownership.
From The Five Year Plan of the Scviet
Union by G. T. Grinko of the original
colaboratOrs on the Five-Year Plan of So
cialist industrializaton, complete account
OF the Plan containing the first two years
of its operation and political estimate of
its place In world economy
BY special arrangement with Interna-
tional Publishers, this So book FREE
WITH THE DAILY WORKER FOR ONE
YEAR, IS in Manhattan and Bronx, Sc
outside New York. Rush your srbscription
to the Daily Worker, so E. 10th ST., New
York. Mention this offer.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1930-08-07
.Colonels Wallop
Milwaukee Club
Team Is Joyous as Losing
Streak Ends; Huck Belts
Conquers Columbus

Chicago. Aug. 7.-R-There was
Joy in the war camp Of the some
what staggered Louisville Colonels to-
day. Their losing streak was at an
end.
The slump, a natural menace to all
league leaders in the long, hot Au-
gust grind, terminated yesterday
when the Colonies felled the pestifer-
Gus Milwaukee Brewers, 8 to Z, in the
third game Of their series. It was the
first Colonel victory in six starts.
The charging st. Paul club cap
tured another game and remained
three and one half games away in
second place.
Walter Belts was the hero of st.
Paul'S 6 to 0 victory over Columbus.
He permitted but five scattered blows
and won his own ball game with three
hits.
The veteran Butch" Henline led
Toledo to a 3 to 2 victory in 10 in
nings over the Millers. With two out
and the bases crowded in the tenth,
Henline raped n of Brillheart's
heaves for a long drive to right cen-
ter and the ball game was over.
Kansas City defeated Indianapolis,
3 to l in their night game.
The White Sox sent reinforcements
to two American Association clubs
yesterday. Irving Jeffries, White Sox
third baseman, was sent to Toledo
while infielder "Blondy" Ryan, just
out of Holy Cross college. was shipped
to Indianapolis.