Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-18
Soviet Dumping Pressed
Increase in Russian Exports Predicted Next Year.
Capitalist Nations May Force Unprecedented
Situation If Price Cutting Continues.

NOTE: This is the third of
series of articles shouting hotD Rus
STA Is trying to demorGtige trade IN
other nations by price cutting The
first and second appeared Sunday
and yesterday.
BY RANDALL HEYMANSON.
Only the downfall of the administra-
ton can prevent Russia from recover
| ing rapidly as q force in world COM
merce. But this should give no cause
| for panic. The volume of Russia's for
/ eign trade, allowing for the general rise
/ in world prices, is still less than 90 per
cent of the pre-war figure.
| Not even the most hysterical 0ealot
would indorSe the notion that Russia
could flood the world with cheap manu-
| features within the next decade. The
| five-year plan takes no account OF the
rapid increase of population In the U.
| S. S. R.-some 100000 a year.
Even If the most sanguine hopes are
realized, Russia's export trade must be
based largely upon fictitious surplus
rather than q real surplus for many
years to come.
Russia has two export policies, one
| for the East and another for the West.
To those Eastern states lying on her bor-
ders-countries which have never been
| exploited by Western industrialists-she
| sends a relatively small amount Of
manufactured goods.
| e Principal Exports to West.
To the West her principal exports,
| jealousy controlled by the state de-
partment narcomtory, are grain, lum-
Der, ftirs, fish, oil and minerals. An
increase in the volume of these COM
| moditieS seems inevitable, however dis
tasteful the fact may be.
AArecent decision to extend the FIVE
year plan to shipping indicates that the
rulers of Russia are determined to ex-
tend the markets they have won. The
project requires the construction of 55l
vessels, aGgregating 2,500,000 tons, that
| Soviet trade may be made independent
to a large extent Of foreign shipping
/ Some years must elapSe before this pro-
gram can be completed, but 1t will ulti-
mately increase the power of the Soviet
| to cut prices.
Much nearer is the menace contained
/ in the Russian agricultural program for
the coming year. Some hundred mil
lion acres are to be sown during the
Winter and q further 100000 acres
in the Spring Upon this years figures,
without allowing for the rapid change
| from sixteenth century methods to large
Il
acre should be at least one-third Of a
ton. j.
Big Surplus to Sell.
The present grain requirements OF
Russia are set down at about 100000
| ton, swastage and failure to. carry
through the full sowing program Of
| $50, 000, 900 acres, the Soviet should have
a surplus of from IL ,000,0 900 to Is 900,
600 tons to sell abroad.
This figure is so much in excess of
the pre-war export of grain that it is
worth while considering whether it is
possible Of attainment. Officially "the
war in the village" is at an end. The
Liquidation" Of the wealthier peasants
to use the current jargon-is almost
complete, and collectivization proceeds
apace.
| Certainly the government has little to
fear from the kulaks, most of whom
have been deprived of their property
and are harassed politically and eco
| nomically. Thousands of the more
spirited have been exiled to the frozen
North, where they are being compelled
to work for the state timber trust.
Their Punishment has deprived the
prising u rs, but the Kremlin con-
siders thu s more than offset by the
elimination Of q class which was its
implacable foe.
Between the kulak and the very poor
come the Seredniaks, or middle class
peasants, possessing something more
than three acres and a COW" Early
in the revolution Lenin realized the
necessity Of conciliating this class, the
real backbone Of Russia.
His Policy Is Stated.
"Reach an agreement with the sered-
MAX. leaning firmly upon the byedniak
| (poor peasant), and never for a single
instant stop the struggle with the ku-
Except for the short period Of Com
denounced by Stain, Bolshevism has
remained faithful TO the precept Of its
prophet. Realizing the futility of SEN
timental propaganda, the government
Is attempting to win the seredniak to
the idea of collectivization by a direct
| appeal to his self-interest.
Members Of the kolhosi, or collective
farms, receive favorable treatment in
respect to taxation, credits, the supply
OF seed, manures and machinery, ard
are allowed to take out of the kolhos
9 share of the revenue determined by
| the amount of capital they have put
into 1t and the efficiency of their labor.
| While this Is q breach In the strict
Communist creed Of equal pay for all,
1t meets the objection OF the seredniak,
| who asks why ne should contribute his
| capital where others contribute nothing.
Moreover, 1t should be remembered that
the principle Of equal pay Is nowhere
observed In Russia, certainly not in the
factories, where piece rates are the
rule rather than the exception.
Progress Believed Made.
| How far the government has won the
| good will Of the Seredniak it Is impos-
sible to say, so vast is the country, SO
meager the independent date available.
My impression, after talking with ca
pable foreign observers resident in Rus
STA, is that the progress of collectiviza-
ton Is not fictitious. Certainly the
younger people are heart and soul in
the movement.