davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
HOme-Making
Helps
Betty Likes to Wash Herself.
BY ELEANOR ROSS

ETTY's whole mental attitude
~ on the subject Of frequent
washing mas recently under
gone q great change. No. IL didn't
come as a pure miracle. The ref
ormation came about merely In the
course OF changing apartments.
For q long time Betty's parents
accepted II as natural to a child to
object 70 any Ind OF ablurons. OF
course. a complete hath was always
welcort-Betty plunged IN the bath
tub with great FlSe- But that bust
ness or v ASKING ts~dged hands and
face a dozen times a day always
brought from her a howl OF protest.
She didn't Ike 10 he washed and
said SO in no whisper. The daily
scrubs had to be conducted in battle
fashion.
Now. however. all is different.
Betty not only takes 10 her washes
with willingness. but is developing
some Independence III not very much
skillD a. washing herself. FIRE.
quently. and without being asked.
The fact is. the new apartment con-
talns an extra small bathroom with
a basin built 50 low that Betty can
reach the faucets herself with ease
and her little chin rises a comfort
able inch or so owe the top. On q
low shelf nearby Ia m array OF her
toilet articles. her small soap dish
and soap. face and hand cloths,
toothbrush. etc. It's true she washes
herself with excess Eentleness. The
firm scrubbinE or an adult hand
which every vestige OF dust
and Erime-that comes only once q
day. But in the interim Betty does
her own personal cleansing, and is
getting TO the stage where she
doesn't object quite so strenuously TO
being thoroughly washed
Very often the objection developed
to washing by n child Is due 10 ex-
ternal inconvenience. rather than
any supposedly natural aversion 70
washing. Because the basin. cloths.
etc. are placed high 70 accommodate
adults. the child Is held In some un-
comfortable position during It's
scrubs-there are n Dr. two painful
yanks occasionally. and all I'm all. the
memory isn't the ~pleasantest one.
IL the basin Is too hlgh-as most
are-a firm footstool kept perTnan-
entity in the bathroom will help In
any case. IL Is quite simple to hang all
washing appliances within the child's
reach. 20 there isn't any excuse pos.
sible about not being able 70 find
the cloths. or the brushes.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01


shoes with escessSeiy high heals. or
narrow or SHIRT shes. or shoes which
do not give Necessary support 60
hishly-archec instsps-
Another cause :or flat-foot - Tho
turning o. the feet outward In walk
ing. Weakened muscles ara hsa-
ments due 70 exhzusting illness. POOR
health, Old age. rapid growth II a
child. overweight. prolonged standing
or hard floors. corns and bunions
and specific diseases-aM these are
factors IL producing flat-foot
The first measure TO take In tns
treatment or f~lat-foot IN 20 set prop
erly adjusted shoes. As q matter OF
fact, foot discomfort from any cause
is likely to disappear II the shoes
are correctly fitted
Everybody should cultivate correct
attitude in standing and x AZ
is a good thing 10 develop the feet
By throwing the weight or the oooy
frequently upon The outer side OF
the feet while standing. one sncuio
walk with the feet held parallel ana
pointed forward. with the weight on
the outer side.
Every sensible person will give
close attention to the selection and
fit OF his shoes and 70 the cultivation
" a proper attitude I'm standing and
walking. He must do this II he IN 70
avoid foot trouble.
You take all sorts OF trouble IN the
selection or "a hat. You study mod
els and styles and fairly suffer
until the purchase has been deter
mined upon.
How much care do you take in
selecting your shoesT You should
take pains because your comfort and
health depend upon properly fitted
shoes. Please don't forget this.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Cotton Mesh Takes a Firm Sart
Says
M67W0 SSa01
This Loosely Knitted
Fabric Develops Sports
Frocks and Tuck-in
Blouses.

NOTTON mesh has come
out into the open to take
~ its stand among the high
ly favored fabric contestants
in the current sports mode.
Although loosely knit, there is
no doubt that cotton mesh has
learned the most recent sar-
torial rules of the outdoor
game. For it complies with
the dictates of the mode in de-
veloping frocks belted at the
waistline and slightly bloused,
and which fit the hips in the re-
CURED manner and permit full
ness to escape from the level of
the hip bone. This is the cut,
by the way, that clever sports
frocks of both wool, silk and
cotton are taking to meet the
requisites of practically and
chic demanded by the active
and spectator sportSwoman.
Tuck-in blouses of cotton mesh are
playing an active part in style events.
Generally they are made with neat
turned-down collars and short sleeves,
and are worn with skirts of a con-
trasting color. Berets are the pre-
fered a for such costumes. The
seafarer finds such an outfit admir-
able for deck wear and the golfer
discovers it as a link between style
and comfort One such costume Is
sketched here today and is Of the
popular pastel blue and white COM
bination. The blouse is neatly de-
corsted wits shiny silver buttons
and is worn with a skirt of light blue
tweed.
The influence of cotton in the more
formal group Of daytime costumes i
dominant. Linen and pique jacket
suits OF both light and dark shades
are literally and hguratively going to
town, while the OF the late
afternoon hours is easily described
in dainty organizes, nets and figured
voiles. A costume of novel dignity
and charm that upholds the claim that
cotton may develop n of those ad-
mirable many-occasion frocks. is that
shown at left. A simple dress OF pale
pink pique is the foundation for the
costume, and when the occasion de-
mands a degree of formality a charm
ing jacket blouse Of black figured in
pink is slipped over it.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

foot is thrown
out Of its
natural position,
strain is bound
to be the re-
; ult. 5 u c n
strain ! 5 capa-
bic Of causing
pain extending
anywhere from
the foot itself,
through the leg
and into the
back.
Many q per-
$ o has be-
heved himself
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Answers 10 Health Queries

j. A. r. Q.-How can excessive
snoring be prevented?
?. | am a girl Of -. 5 n. 3 IN. tall.
What should ! weigh
A-The cause OF snoring mug be
determined. Almost invariably knor-
ing is the result OF mouth breathing.
For further Information send q self
addressed. stamped envelope ard re-
peat your question.
2. You should weigh about ll2
pounds.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

she b b ed
and she mended
and she darned
and she carried
I'll wood for the
en- stove
a. she helped
T. paint the
z nee and white
W = the barn.
he rose at
fire o'clock in
Tie morning.
winter and
Summer and
she was never
tnrOuu OH witch
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Seen Along Fifth Avenue
BY LOUISE

Holes In your shoes are no longer
indicative OF poverty, in fact they
syrnbolire fashionable p~iutocracy.
This Ia because steliers OF footwear
have developed some OF their smart
est warm-weather models by per-
forating the entire fcrepart OF the
slipper. In both. dark and pastel
shades. usually opera style. shoes OF
this type r appropriate for wear
with both sports and the more for
nal daytime clothes. Many OF the
best Avenue shops are making a fea-
ture OF these attractive holey shoes.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

Exclusive fashionables are getting
clannish. They're wearing plaids
for evening in cool chiffon. and a
lovely idea II Is. Although plaid has
heretofore never been considered a
pattern OF formal elegance. the plaid
chiffons recently introduced for eve
ming veal are being enthusiastically
received. Piaids are also appearing
frequently in woods designed for
sports wear and In silk and wool
mixed fabrics. So II r. well 10 chose
ones favorite tartan and Join the
style clan.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

Saving the pieces Is not such a
good idea when Il means accumulat-
ing a vas assortment OF soiied uten-
sis. forks and sticky spoons while
preparing a meal. FIJI A large pan
with water and as each article Is
used drop Il into the vessel.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

Barbary Coast and came out OF that
conflict with participation under
Decatur IN the firing OF the captured
American frigate Philadelphia. under
the walls OF Tripoli with
acts OF valor 20 his credit. While
hoS1tlities were still on he was given
command OF a gunboat and. shortly
before peace was concluded, he was
promoted TO a first lieutsnancy. He
sailed on the Chesapeake with that
rank and afterwards. ~ sequence,
commanded the VIXEN, the Wasp.
and the Argus. III 1910 he was
promoted 20 rank OF master COM
mander and was assigned 10 the Hor.
net. With that vessel. IN tire early
part OF the second year OF the Wa
OF 1872. he won a brilliant victory IN
South American waters over the
British fighting craft. the Peacock.
And IN recognition OF that service
he was given a captaincy and was
placed IN command or the frfgate
Chesapeake. And how gloriously he
served In that post has been already
told.
Defeat In his last fight was the
hero's lot-his vessel falling into The
hands Of the British and being car
ried. with him MORALLY wounded. as
prisoner 10 Halifax where. four days
la-er. he breathed his last-but those
words, Don't give up the ship"
though spoken Ill years ago. are
still living and. blazoned on the
record Of the American Navy. are
still ringing with inspiration to high
courage and service.
James Lawrence was born at
Burlington. New Jersey. October
I, 1881. He entered the American
Navy, as niidshipman, in 1879. He
was promoted, rank by rank, until
he received a csptaincy in 1918
and was assigned to command OF
the Chesapeake. The battle with
the Shannon was fought on June
I, 1918, and he died in Halifax
four days later. There he was
buried with military honors. His
remains have since been returned
10 the United States and now r
entombed in Trinity Churchyard.
in New York City
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

A NYTHING that ~interferes
IN with the natural and free
use of the feet in walking
is bound to cause all manner OF
disagreeable symptoms. If your
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

c-et. and = Superior Court OF
Missouri decreed that the estate Of
the millionaire owed Katie LOTUS
$4,000 in back wages.
And Katie IS going down 70 the
bank this very afternoon and get a
check Tor that money. and she's GO
ing 20 pat that check in the bank in
her own name. and she says she's
going 20 start out the very day after
size gets the money and get a kick
on Of life."
Poor Katiel wonder what will
r. The first thing she'll buy.
VIII she get 81 new dress and n
nice hat and a pair OF decent shoes2
Nil She bury a nice little home OF
her own. and cook and sew and scrub
Tor herself the rest Of her days?
Dear me. I hope not.
I koDe she'll 90 and live with some
good. honest people in some nice.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Loves R~eawakening
Phil Periizen, Turning Sentimental After Madge's Offer to
Ad Him, Attempts 10 Embrace Her Just as Dicky
Enters the Room.
By ADELE GARRISON

saw something predatory. feral, leap
his eyes. Too late ! remembered
Harry Underwoods half -burlesqued
warning TO me. repeated more than
once: Lady Fair. don't look ID at
a man with your eyes like that un.
less you expect 70 be kissed" / took
a step backward. but Mr.. veritzen
put his hands firmly but gently upon
my shoulders and drew me oward
him.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

A-Blllousness or auto-intoxIca
ton would be apt 70 cause symptom:
such a. you describe. Correct the
diet and watch the elimination. Thes.
are symptoms OF one form ~ "sich
headache"
Copyright. 1880. ~ Newspaper Fsaturs ssrv4cs. far
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Words of the Wise

The wind in ones face makes
one wise. Herbert.
we can hardly hate anyone
that zee krotr. -Hd1ltff-
He mourns the dead who
lives AZ they desire.
Young.
FoTks neuer understand the
folks they hate. -LoiDen-
The best things carried 20 ex-
cess are wrong.
Churchill.
al true man hates no one.
-Eopoleon.
Their law OF keeping out
strangers j. a law of pusillanim-
ity and fear. Bacon
There fs " good result When
hatred is returned for hatred.
Schiller.
An excuse III worse and more
terrible than a lie; for an ex-
russ is a lie guarded
Pope.
7. fs not 50 easy dS people sup
maze -1 hate continuously.
-T1lleyr1rd.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

A Reader. Q.-What would eau
silver lines moving like streaks |
lightning before the eyes? Headachl
follow these spells.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

I met q ghost
A-Sitting on a post.
"How-do," said I.
And for reply,
IL wfnked its eye.
Shadow Song.
HH ~. Flor. Hand and Yam were
Wi good. NJ a rule. but Knarf
liked 20 break rules. So
sometimes they were quite bad. Shad-
ow's shouldn't be bad. Sometimes.
however they take their example
from their masters and m~istresses.
This was the case the other eve
Ing when Frank. Knart's master.
crept up stealthily behind Nose. the
gardener. and shouted boob with all
his might. Nose. who was easily
frightened. sprang into the air ard
all The children and their shadows
as WE'LL enjoyed a good laugh at his
expense Later that night. after The
real-children were fast asleep. Knarf
suggested that they pay "a visit 10
Nose in his room right or the y
den and frishien him again.
The other sl.adow-childrer objected
at first. but he reminded them u
how heartily they had nioyed their
laugh earlier IN the and AZ
last they agreed 70 no with him Eek
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Dicky's Reaction.

Il already have had two cups" he
said. and so. as I am In great haste.
! really must decline your tempting
offer. But I'm going TO hold you TO
your bargain concerning the young
people. / will preserve a strictly
neutral attitude during the holidays.
and I shall then expect your aid in
the matter OF which / spoke. Good
.Snorningl I'm so sorry ! can't share
Iur coffee"
Y turned 70 the door. and Dicky.
Sustively, without apparent ef-
8 at his side. opening the
him and stepping into the
N. When he came back.
= 70 me and stood look
sc steadily, his lips
edonic smile.
r." he said at last,
1.-The matter with
fde me
khank you
that And
suddenly
bSt a note OF
kindly tell me
hinges OF the
IL was kissing
Eorrow.)
k~eatare Service. Inc
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

TAT r. VER1TZEN was at M
~ door. his hand upon the
knob. before ] found the ex-
cuse 10 detain him for which ! had
been searching my brain. ! was de-
ternined that he should not walk
into the corridor from our apart
ment at that early hour unless Dicky
were mt the door 20 usher him out.
And. though I "a sure that Dicky
was wide awake and waiting for the
ring az the bell In the mex his
which 7 just had given with my foot
upon an invisible push button. yet Il
would take a minute or two before
be reached the room. Ny employer
would BE- gone before my husband
appeared.
May / make a bargain with your
] asked softly.
He swung around, facing me. and
the heaviness Of his face lifted ever
30 slightly.
IN ann always ut your service. you
SNOW that. he said with an en-
rhasis that was disconcerting. !
wondered II Dicky were already
within hearing OF our colloquy.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
Flat Foot" Often Cause
Of Aches and Symptoms"
Pains From This Defect Tro,eJ f.
SAYS DR.. COPELAND
Many Supposed Organic Troubles HareBeen Traced
to Weakened arches, Says authority Ureing
Care in the Selection OF Foot-E ear.
BY ROYAL :. COPELAND ND.

United States Senator from New Yok.
Former Com missioner OF Health, Nca T0k City.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

bV me Ol1-fashi0nec Kitchen
% raise.
nam SHE worked for was very
"A she began working for him
wife when he was not rich
ia he gave her 4 room and
A. every once in a while he
X a half dollar. or maybe
for luck"
- other day the millionaire
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01
ATE LoFTUS, 73 years Old
o. and suddenly rich.

Katie worked for a cer-
tain millionaire for 81 years.
She washed, and she cooked, and
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-01

That. And
: suddenly
bSt a note OF
kindly tell me
hinges OF the
kt was kissing
korrow.1
feature Service. lac
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
Valley Society.
Telephone z
Telephone z

guests in the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. r. <. Newport. returned 70
their home at Magnolia, Iowa
Wednesday. They were accompanied
BY Miss Thelma Twitty, who Will
spend the summer months in the
| north.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. q. Polhemus
motored to Brownsville Monday.
Mr.. Stewart and daughter, Miss
Miller Armstrong and sister, Mrs.
Lady Cary Gillette left. Saturday,
for Mineral Wells 70 attend the
funeral OF their aunt.
Miss Bartez and neice. Miss jay
Of McAllen were guests az the
home of Mrs. L. H. jerks. Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur Hoyt and
sons were Sunday guests at the
parental home OF Mr.. and Mrs. l..
II. Jencks.
Mesdames Georgia Hilburn. Up
dixie Jack Gray and Clande Hill
burn motored to Monte Christie, to
attend the club meeting Of the
Amadeus Society at the home OF
Mrs. otto Wood. Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. p. c. Longwell and
family motored to Point Isabel
dufing the rast week.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. j. Bargay. Mr..
and Mrs. r. @. Pope motored 70
Brownsville Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Nash. Mr..
and Mrs. Clarence Bourgeois and
family Of Mission were Sunday
dinner guests at the home Of Mr..
and Mrs. A. j. Barga.
Mrs. Georgia Echols and daugh-
ter Mrs. Kelley Gray left for Olney,
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stanley and dauFh-
ter OF Edinburg were SUNDAY
guests at the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. p. c. Longwell.
DR.. and Mrs. Powell Of Harlin-
gen were guests at the home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. George Mitchell, Fri
dav.
Sunday callers az the home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. George Mitchell were
Mr.. and Mrs. Zeiske and sister.
Miss veldron Rozelle of San Benito,
Miss Sunshine Garrison Of Mission
and Mr.. Alderman Of North Mis-
sion.
Mrs. G.. S. Culner IS spending the
week with her daughter. Mrs. Roy
Harrell and Mrs. e. Hauff Of Mer-
cedes.
Mrs. L. B. Ash was a Saturday
guest at the home Of Mrs. Groves
Of Mission.
Miss Opal Wood Of McAllen Is
spending the week at the home Of
her sister Mrs. Claude Hilhurn.
George Mansur of Brownsville
spent Monday at the home Of Mr..
and Mrs. George Mitchell.
The North Mission Home Dem.
0~nstration club viii meet at the
home Of Mrs. Leo Marcel. FRIDAY
June ID. Mrs. Eta Ringgold will
be present and give a demonstra-
ton in handicraft. Roll call will
be on "A handicraft I would Ike
to Learn"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
North Mission
PERSONALS

PERSONALS
Miss Laura Frances Murphy has
returned to Scarrett College to
complete her college course for her
Masters Degree.
Francine. Missers Walter and Wade
Twittv who have bean house
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
fHENDERSONS
CLUB HOSTS

Mr.. and Mrs. S. F. Henderson
we're hosts to the members OF the
MfiFhborhood Bridge club on
ThEErsday evening. Bernard anc
ErKiiy Gobar were guests.
High honors were won by Mrs.
II. II. Whipple and w. r Bowles.
Refreshments were served at the
Close Of the playing.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
BRIDGE CLUB
MEETS

The members OF the Los Amigos
Bridge club met at the home OF
Mr and Mrs. G. l.. Chatelle, on
Tuesday evening. Guests were Mr..
ard Mrs. Charles Gobar.
High honcrs were won by Mrs.
q. B. Waller and Floyd Carroll.
Dainty refreshments were served.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
Los Fresnos
JOINT HOSTESSES
rO CLUB

The members Of the Woman's
Service club enjoyed a very inter-
estlng meeting on Thursday after
noon at the home Of Mrs. F. G.
Richey, with Mrs. w. r. BowleS as
CO. hostess.
After the business meeting, a
music program was enjoyed. Mrs.
Mcrtz and Mrs. Butler OF San Be-
r,to were guests. Refreshments
were served later in the afternoon.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-06-19
HOUSE GUESTS
HONORED

Mr.. and Mrs. S. S. S~appenfieid
ent4-tained with a game dinner
at Reynosa on Sunday evening,
IGNORING Mrs. A. c. Rounds and
Mrs. E. Berry of Dallas. who are
their house guests this week. Guests
were Messrs. and Mesdames G. o.
Peterson, L. w. Carroll. c. L..
Chstelle, Miss Louise Scarlet and
Sidney Baer.
Mrs. Conrad Tubbs and children
Of Usage are visiting with her
sister Mrs. c. o. Peterson.
Mr.. and Mrs. ". G. Chatelle and
children and Mrs. Stell Yoder OF
San Benito left Saturday for Llano
where they will visit Rev. and Mrs.
E. G. Swami.
Miss Frank Campbell Of Okla
homa City was a guest OF Mrs. 5.
K. Barr Tuesday.
Miss Ruth Lupton OF Galveston ar
rived Sunday to visit with relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. Dyer were guests
OF Mr.. and Mrs. G. Bingley Sun
day
Miss Dallas Critchett was a guest
OF relatives in San Benito the pas
week.
Fuller and Hardin Moses returned
Tuesday from Arkansas where they
visited relatives.
Ed Patterson Of Weslaco was
here Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. o. Moore and
family left Thursday for their home
liz Arkansas.
\ Mr.. AMI Mrs. z. I. Bucklin left
Fbv automobile Sunday for Chicago.
~ Pucklin will return in about
A. weeks and Mrs. Bucklin will
-@-d ff7n r'rwmer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-01
SHIPPERS OFFER
TO QUIT REFUSED
Florida G. O. P. Executives
Act After Hearing Charge
He Accepted Money.
BY the Associated Press.


ORLANDO, Fla, May 1.-The newly
formed Republican State executive COM
mittee, by vote of % to 10, late yes
terday declined to accept the resigna-
ton of Glenn B. Skipper as national
committeeman from Florida after hear
ing charges that he had accepted money
for political favorS.
The charges were made in an affl-
davit by z. E. Galloway chairman of
the State central committee, signed by
w. J. Howey. head Of the coalition wing
and other party leaders and read to the
executive committee by Mrs. Lillian
Crichow of Bradenton.
Rejection of the resolution also killed
a movement in the committee by the
same group to seek the placing OF the
Office of national committeeman on the
ballots for the June primary.
The Galloway affidavit set forth that,
in the presence of HoWey and other
atlantis, Galloway charged Skipper with
having accepted ST. 1900 for favor for
Federal patronage. 1t alleged that the
money had been given to Leon Prime,
State Representative from Polk County,
by Hill Smith of Sumter County, seek
ing the post of United States marshal.
S. B. McCahiil. vice chairman of the
Republican State central committee,
took the floor in defense of the national
committeeman. He related that he in
vestigated the matter and had been
told that the money was loan" from
Smith to Prime, and Smith had told
him he expected the money to be paid
back. He also said that, as head of the
central committee, upon Callaway'S re-
cent resignation, which later was with