davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
BY MILLER McCLINToCK.

Director, Albert Russell Erskine Bureau for
Street Trafnc Research, Harvard University.
How fast may automobiles be driven
with safety? This question has long
been recognized as one Of the most Diff
cut problems in highway regulation.
In the hope that this situation may be
clarified, the National Conference on
Street and Highway Safety at Washing
ton has promulgated a new basis fol
speed regulation. The new rule was
formulated after a careful consideration
of the methods which have been used IN
the several States. These may be sum-
married as follows:
So-called fixed speed limits were the
earliest used in highway regulation and
are still retained in several States
though they are generally considered OBJ
solete. This method provides that speed
in excess of the limits set is conclusive
ground for conviction. The chief fault
With this method lies in the fact that
the application of the rule results ir
arbitrary and infiexible enforcement
Driving Conditions Vary.
Driving conditions are so varied that
II Is quite impossible to set fixed rates
Of speed which can be equitably and
safely applied. For the more favorable
conditions they are of necessity too low
and for the less favorable conditions
they are invariably too high.
No single factor in highway regula-
ton has resulted in so much bad feeling
between the driving public and the
agencies of enforcement than has this
type of speed control.
Realizing the inequality Of fixed limits,
many States have attempted to soften
the arbitrary results by adding the So
called prima facie clause. The speed
limits are retained, but provision Is
made that an operator who is appre-
hended for exceeding the limit Is not
conclusively guilty, but only prima
facie guilty, and that he may in
troduce evidence showing that under
the conditions he was not driving In
fact in dangerous manner. In this
form the rule is most generally used al
the present time.
Theoretically it remedies many Of the
defects of the fixed limit regulation
but in actual practice there is little diff
ference, for the courts are customarily
unwilling to look favorably upon such
refutatory evidence even though the
operator has time or desire to contest
the case.
Safety Factor Governs.
A number of States, having tried both
the fixed limit and the prima facie rule
with poor success, decided to abolish
speed limits entirely and base their
control on the requirement that opera
tors should at all times drive at q rea-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
FREAK MARYLAND TAG
NUMBERS ARE SOUGHT.
Commissioner Baughman, However,
Will Not Comply With
License Requests.
Special Dispatch to The star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, December 20.-Hun-
dreds Of requests for freak automobile
license tags viii not be complied with
according TO Commissioner Of Motor
Vehicles e. Austin Baughman.
In the past years, it was said, as
many as 500 automobile owners have
requested tags bearing numerals of their
own choosing. When possible the license
plates were issued. but complications
arose when several chose the same num-
bers. The custom also added additional
work for the clerical force and in many
instances caused a mix-up of the
records.
As customary, however, tag No. 10000
was sent to Gov. Richie, and tag No
30-001 will adorn the ohicial machine
used by Commissioner Baughman.
"One would be surprised" said D.
Marshal Schroeder, deputy commission
er, "of the many novel excuses given In
the requests for the freak license tags,
Several motorists asked that they be
given the same number license plates
as their telephone numbers, as this
would be q means for remembering their
license numbers II the car were stolen.
"One man asked that he be given tag
No. HILL because 1t represented the
highest hand one could hold in auto
mobile poker. The five ones represented
Ave aces, and none Of his friends would
be able to beat him, the automobilist
said
Still others want tags whose first
two numbers correspond to their age"
Quite number Of motorists are not
bit superstitious, the requests show.
An even dozen male drivers have re-
quested tags bearing in their makeup
the number "13."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
PLANS SIDEWALKS
LEADING TO SCHOOL
Louisiana Parish Approves
Proposal to Safeguard
Young Pedestrians.

It's dangerous to be pedestrian, par
ttcularly young pedestrian on the way
to or from school, according to E. E.
Duffy, highway educational writer. In
order to lengthen the life expectancy
Of its young residents, st. John the
Baptist parish County, in Louisiana
recently approved plan wherein a
mile Of sidewalk will be built along
each highway leading to a school.
Although buggy-riding passed away
with the coming of the automobile, the
art Of walking is one of the hang covers
from the pre-machine age that Is still
very much in vogue. Many motorists
not knowing this, frequently place
pedestrians in embarrassing If not prone
positions.
Pedestrians Often TO Blame.
But in fairness to motorists, it must
be admitted that they are not always
to blame for collisions with pedestrians
Pedestrians occasionally fail to recog-
nize that a highway runs In two direc-
tons, that to cross street one should
look both ways. Littly forms dart out
on the highway from some hidden nook
Then at night pedestrians in dark
clothes walking along the pavement
edge blend with the blackness.
InaSmuch as very few local commu-
1CWCI 0b0bCo, nave AAldAc
1t legally possible to construct sidewalks
along country roads, this step taken by
st. John the Baptist parish may be
greeted as an indication that the pedes-
TRAN may soon come into his own.
Measure Approved in Jersey.
Last Spring New Jerseys Legislature
approved q measure that makes 1t pos
sible for the State Highway Commission
to build rural sidewalks. Wayne County,
Mich, and Allegheny County, Pa,
have constructed them with success.
- The need for pedestrian facilities is
serious and they must be provided II
any Roadway is to be made In combat
ing motor casualties. Many communi-
ties report that more than half the
people killed or manned are pedes-
TRANS. The sidewalk along the rural
road Is one effective measure. Local
communities and State highway de-
partments should cooperate In building
these walkways-if the laws do not pro-
vide for them, change the laws.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
BY n. CLIFFORD BROKAW,
Automobile Technical Adviser.

To contemplate the enjoyment Of the
Christmas holidays without the use OF
the automobile Is quite unthinkable TO
the average American citizen. II he
ever has q thought that such q vehicle
was not always available In connection
with the pleasures Of this holiday sea-
son, he probably wonders how folks in
the pre-automobile days managed TO
get full value out Of Christmas. But
now it Is simply taken for granted that
q motor car Is necessity In most
phases of modern life and especially on
holidays.
There is an opinion which I have
heard expressed many times to the ef.
feet that there does not seem to be as
much snow during late Winters as there
used to be. Very likely there Is little
difference in the amount of the snow
than obtained as to 30 years ago. The
big difference lies in the fact that now
adays the main highways and even
most of the country roads are kept
fairly clear of snow during the Winter
season. A few years back many Of these
roads were practically impossible dur
ing certain seasons Of the year.
Year-ROund Touring.
The fact that most highways are now
80 constructed and 50 kept free of snow
that automobiles are used throughout
the year, makes it possible for people
to tour during the Christmas holiday
season almost as conveniently as any
other part of the year. This situation
has had a very important effect on the
observance of Christmas
OF all the holiday seasons, it is prob
able that Christmas Is the time when
there are the greatest number of home
coming events and family gatherings.
It is the time when members of fam
flies make an unusual effort to be to-
gether for enjoying their Christmas
cheer. Students are coming home from
prep school and colleges; elderly folks
are either visiting their offspring or are
entertaining them. The great increase
which has taken place in such gather
ings Is due largely to the automobile.
Christmas Reunions.
Before the motor car prevailed, 1t was
no easy undertaking to effect these
family assemblies. It often meant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
Free-Wheeling Principle to Be Applied
To Other Autos During Trial Period

gineering opinion, is on trial with the
public. Its success depends on extreme
nicely of At in the roller which the
mechanism employs If they are to bear
their share of the driving load and on
ability to withstand wear.
The name Of Col. E. j. Hall came
back into the headlines with the for
nation of the Devaux-Hall Motors Cor
poration to manufacture new six-cyl-
inder car at Grand Rapids, Mich. Col.
Hall Is remembered as co-designer with
Col. Jesse G. Vincent, Packard vice
president of the Liberty motor during
the World War. At that time he was
head of the Hall-Scott Motor Co. on
the Pacific Coast, and was chosen with
Col. Vincent as one Of the two men in
the country competent to build an air
plane engine under emergency condi-
tons that would serve wartime pur-
poses.
The story of how the pair worked be-
hind closed doors for days and with
out sleep to put the Liberty on paper
and set out the specifications for it in
record time, has been told often and
now is history.
Since then, one of Col. Halls major
I connections has been with the Amert-
can Car & Foundry Co., on motor bus
power-p plant design and marine engines.
For Norman Devaux, q longtime as
sociate Of w. G. Durant, Col. Hall has
designed six-cylinder car that will
rate at IS horsepower. It will have a
three-speed transmission with double
high shift between first and second and
q sliding clutch in constant mesh.
The bore and stroke are given as 3%
by 4.
The body design will be created by
Count Alexis de Sakhnoffsky, the Rus
sian credited with the Cord front drive,
which has been widely copied.
The Devaux car Is to be priced be-
tween $525 and S756, according to body
type.
Production will be in charge of
George r. Scott, Col. Halls associate in
the Hall-Scott team. The first cars are
due at the time of the Chicago show,
with production to begin in February.
Output from q California plant is to
supplement the Grand Rapids operS-
tons.
/ (Copyright, 1880, by North American News.
paper Alliance.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
AUTO INDUSTRY READY
FOR 1881 PROBLEMS
Manufacturers Are Prepared for
Whatever New Year May
Bring About.
BY the Associated Press.


Whatever 1881 may hold
for the automobile industry, makers Of
motor cars will be ready for 1t.
So effectively has 1t met and disposed
of most problems that beset it with the
collapse Of its market in 1880 that the
industry might quite properly be said
to be stripped for action"
Certainly, 1t has stripped itself of the
problem of overproduction. Through
the simple but effective expedient of
letting the dealer lead instead Of lead
ing the dealer, the industry has dis
posed Of a huge overproduction from
1929.
With comparatively little distress
selling" dealers have been able to dis
pose of a surplus Of approximately
1000, 900 cars and call on producers for
new models many weeks before they
normally would have been placed in
production.
It is from this fact that the industry
finds much Of its encouragement for
1881. Virtually all motor car builders
have brought out new models earlier
than usual.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
Maryland Commissioner Outlines
"Mental Lapses."

Maryland Commissioner Outline
mental Lapses."
Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, December 20.-The ma
jority Of automobile accidents are caused
by mental lapses on the part of the
driver, In the opinion of Automobile
Commissioner Baughman, who outlined
as follows what he termed the most
serious:
When the driver engages in back-seat
conversation and nomentarily turrs
around.
Crowding Of the drivers seat.
When the driver Is sleepy and fatigueIi.
Prolonged study Of the dashboard
devices.
"Hogging" Of the road. Many lapses,
some intentional, come under this clas-
sifcation.
Strict attention to simple rules of
conduct win save many lives and pre-
vent multitudeS of accidents" Mr..
Baughman says. eff every motor car
operator would avoid these Iapses and
hold to the golden rule Of the road
drive as you would have others drive
highways would be safer and there
would be more pleasure and comfort ir
operating motor car"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
BODY REFINEMENTS SEEN

Reflnements in body construction are
sure to be seen In the new models for
1881. according to the Society Of Auto
motive Engineers, whose engineers point
out that great progress has been made
in both steel and aluminium fabrication
Electrical Welding has made possible the
joining Of sections into one complete
whole, doing away with rivets, bolts and
other forms Of assembly. The increas-
ing use Of large presses, with their ac-
curate dies, has made the forming Of
difficult contours easy and rapid. New
methods Of attachment and suspension
the lowering of the center of gravity,
made possible by the double drop frame
construction; these have allowed the
use of long horizontal lines which win
add greatly to the cars beauty. There
has been an intensive study Of noise
elimination. There viii be less drum
ming noticeable, fewer squeaks and
extraneouS noises.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
CASTOR OIL GAINS

Castor oil, largely through the effort
of a woman chemist, is replacing min
eral oil as a lubricant for automobile
and airplane motors throughout France.
according to the Paris correspondent of
the American Chemical Society.
1.-THE cultivation Of castor oil plants
has increased IN Morocco and Algeria
in the last three or four years." the cor
respondent says. THE results obtained
have been very satisfactory and castor
oil Is used to an ever-increasing extent
It is hoped that mineral oils will be
practically adiscarded for lubricatine
purposes time goes on.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
A Novel Battery.

Two metal ottomed ferries have been
anchored at opposite sides of q bay in
California because 1t was found that
immersed in the salt water they formed
a giant electric cell when berthed to-
gether and this caused corroston OF
the hulls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21
Australia Finds Oil.

rscer WS ma san Go nve DSrTes 0aily mas
This is the first time that a well drilled
in that country has yielded more than
Q trace Of Oh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21

The radiator should be properlS
cleaned out at least twice year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-21

WHERE 10 MOTOR AND DINE.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02
Groom Special Outfit
1A.pc. Bedroom Outfit
Hope. Dining Rxaa. Outfit

DDS 0ww%GSA Full Size Bed Spring and
GD&W WRHA&1E& Mattress
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02

Proposals pending in congress TO-
day we're:
A resolution by Representative
(Rep.. Mich.), to hold up all pend
ing railroad mergers until con-
gress has passed further legisla-
ton to protect the public interest.
A resolution by Representative
Laguardia (Rep., N. ", calling
upon Attorney General Mitchell
to prevent the proposed billion
dollar merger of the Bethlehem
Steel Corporation and the Youngs-
town Sheet and Tube Company.
An investigation of railroad
holding companies, to determine
who really controls the country's
great transportation systems will
began Saturday before the house
interstate commerce committee.
Laguardia declared "the nego.
tiations now going on in Youngs.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02

MOSCOW, April a Another
ynazing proof of the personal pres
&c and power of Joseph Stain,
ecretary of the Communist party,
as provided by his recent state
lent calling for a cessation of vio-
mt methods in collectivizing tn,
leaSants.
As If by magic, the political at
nosphere in tens of thousands Of
villages in this vast country became
nilder. Immediately the entire
press-until then silent about in
stances Of terror, injustice and cor
ruption which had developed in
driving millions of peasants into
collective farms-began to expose
these mistakes"
Faded Hopes Revived
Most remarkable of all was the
effect of Stains words upon the
state of mind here. Faded hopes
began to revive. A torrent of too
optimistic rumors began to inundate
he portion Of the population which
S suffering under the Kremlin's
aggressive drive for Socialism.
There was talk Of a new nep," Of
Stain going back to Lenin's real
ism," and the like.
Although Stains statement Is re-
lieving the pressure in the villages,
its significance must not be exag-
gerated.
There is no Justification for the
assumption in some circles here and
in some of the foreign press that
this means a retreat" from the
Kremlin's policy of aggression
against the village kulaks or the
city Nepmen.
The intense effort of recent
months unavoidably has stirred up
resentment and dissatisfaction. 1t
is the purpose of the Stain leader
ship to soothe these feelings, to
permit a breathing space" But it
does not, so far as present indica-
lions go, Smean in any sense a sur
render of the principal aims of the
recent drive.
Violence to Be Corrected
THE task of the party" Stain
said at the very outset in his pro-
nunciamento, lis to solidify the sue
cesSes already achieved and to use
them in a planned way for further
progress"
Here and there cases of gross vio-
ience will be corrected. Unwilling
peasants whose belongings were
confiscated because they opposed
the collectives. will in some in
stances be restored their rights. The
great mass of collectiveS, however,
will remain intact, regardless of
what methods were used in their
formation.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02
CONGRESS is
AROUSED over
GIANT MERGERS
Appears to Be Moving to
Tackle Problem in a
Big Way.
BY THOMAS L. STOKES
United Press STAFF Correspondent

WASHINGTON, April 2.-Con-
gress is giving evidence of tackling
in serious way the problem
raised by a number of proposed in
dustrial mergers which many OBJ
servers see as ushering in a new
billion-dollar era Of big business.
Interest as to the effect upon the
average citizen of the new eco
nomic trend toward railroad. steel
oil and chain store consultations Is
being followed up by proposals to
check them, either temporarily until
further investigation, or perman-
emily.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

town are so brazen and so daring
as to go back to the old days OF
the Standard Oil activities in ruth
lessness and disregard of the public
interest and also the stockholders
interest"
Railway labor leaders last week
issued a ringing statement opposing
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02
STALIN'S POWER
is REVEALED BY
POLICY CHANGE
Order to Cease Violence ir
Soviet Socialism Drive
Relieves Tension.

In the following special article, Eugene
lyons, Moscow correspondent Of The
United Press, deals With Joseph Stains
orders softening the oppression that has
crushed 4,000. 00t "Kuiaks." wealthy land
owners. in the Soviet Union.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02

all railroad merger proposals "as
not In the interest Of either the
public or the railroad worker"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-04-02
JIM REED IS SPEAKER

EX- Missouri senator TO ADDRESS IN
surance Session Tonight.
James A. Reed, former United
States senator from Missouri. will
speak tonight at the annual BAN
quet Of the Federal Reserve Life
Insurance Company of Kansas, in
session at the Claypool. Reed will
arrive this afternoon.
The convention opened at noon
Tuesday, attended by 1875 agents of
the company. They were welcomed
by B. Frank Bushman of Detroit,
company president.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-02
BY GAYLE TALBOT, JR.,
Associated Press Sports Writer

A week ago Tony Kaufman was
just another "broken-arm" pitcher,
trying to get along as an outfielder
for the Houston Bluffs and doing no
good % speak Of.
Today tile ex-Cardinal. who was
shunteG from the majors after an
accident had impaired his effective
ness and. coincidentally. his sunny
disposition. was the Texas leagues
newest mound sensation. Hrd Tony
been pitching all season like he hs
in his first two starts this week. I G
Bluffs might have won the first half
and certainly would have been better
than fourth today.
BY way OF proving that his fat OF
holding Shreveport to four blows for
six innings the other night was not
a flash in the pan. the Bison's new
ace last night limie ed the Wanted
Spudders 70 seven snacks over the
full nine-inning route and was
credited with a 9 20 | victory. He
struck out six and was invincib.e
except III one round. the sixth. when
Euler got a life and was driven IN
by Storti. The victory was the fifth
for the Bluffs IN their last six starts
and gave them two out Of three
over the first half champions. They
accorded Kaufman spectacular sup
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-02
Kauffman's Mound Comeback
Is Texas League Sensation

port and provided him with plenty
Of runs BY punching IA hits OFF Earl
Caldwell.
Failure 70 gauge Tony's slants cost
the Spuds an opportunity to climb
back into a tie with the Waco Cubs.
who dropped their frs. night series
when the Dallas Steers losed them
out, ) 10 I. in their final before 5000
fans. Lefty Stein. the leader 8
nocturnal terror, set the 8. ge for
his own defeat when he erred in the
ninth. With two on. he walked vii
llngham 10 get to Gene Moore. and
The y~oungster singled 10 bring IN a
pair. Pet homered in the Cubs half
20 make up half the deficit. but
Walt Touscher pulled out without
further damage.
a pair Of timely punches by
Cashion enabled the Sports TO leave
Beaumont with a 3 10 2 victory and
break a fivelg maelcsing : -eak.
Cashion, filling in at second in the
absence or a regular keystoner.
parked II IN the eight to tic the
count and then singled IN the win
ming tally In the tenth. Tiny Ovens
was IN rar form. holding the home
lings 10 six hits and banking the
Eckhardt menace.
Rained out in their final. the Fort
Worth Cats quit San Antonio with
ar even break for their last series
in the southland. They open a three
gamer on their home lot against the
Wichita Falls gang today. "A victory
would bounce the felines int a tie
with the Spuds for second place.
The pacesetting Cubs move over
to Beaumont for a quartet OF day.
light battles which loom as highly
important. II they can polish off the
exporters. Del Pratt's warriors will
open their northern invasion with d
lead they are likely to need. Houston
was in San Antonio for our and the
Steers we're back on their
own terrain for a series with the