Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-16

uprising In Upper silesia against the
Germans In 1921. have been arrested.
hung in the fortresses of Brest Litovsk
and kept secretly incommunicado from
the outside world.
Strict Censorship Prevails.
The election campaign has been
marked by bloody clashes between the
police and the citizens In Warsaw, In
which two were killed and several
wounded. A strict censorship Is main
tanned over the press The opposition
great white gaps in their columns shove
ing where the pencil of the censor has
been at work, while not seldom their
issues have been coniScated The op-
position. driven underground by the
repreSsive tactics Of the government.
has drawn up plots for killing Pilsud-
ski which has led to numerous arrests.
Meanwhile the international position
OF Poland continues precariouS. AL
efforts Of Polish diplomacy 70 obtain q
treaty guarantee Of her territory from
her foes have come to naught. She
lies between two unfriendly states, Ger.
many on one side and Russia on the
other. To the north, little Lithuania,
which never has forgiven the seizure
OF Wilma, menaces her flank. The Sum-
mer saw revival Of the campaign in
CCAAGAy AOk tkAG AnOAJIOu Oh the GUI~
ridor that cuts the Reich in two. The
speeches OF Gottfried Treviranus, de.
manding q frontier revision, are, now
forgotten In the even greater danger Of
, the rise Of Hitlerism In the Reichstag
elections which bore witness to the
grave dissatisfaction Of millions Of Ger
mans with the boundaries bequeathed
Germany by the treaty Of Versailles
Yet, in one sense, the very Desperate
nf pnlanAtn f~- g.
sudski's advantage. The average Pole
realizes that the country needs q strong
rule, and he cannot see who, other than
the old marshal, can provide 1t. The
Sejm, divided into numerous pickering
political parties, does not offer the pros
pect Of firm and stable regime. The
Pilsudsh partisans may not use the
slogan, but the substance Of their argue
ment when they condescend to use
reason as q weapon in political conlbat)
could be epitomized in the cry, "Pil-
sudski or chaos"
Pilsudski Retains Popularity.
For Pilsudski still remains the ma
tional hero. His picture Is to be seen
IN all the ofices, restaurants and cafes
Of Warsaw, Just as Mussolini's portrait
ornaments the walls Of Italy and Hin
denburg's adorns the homes Of Ger
many. The little marshal Is justly re-
garded as the creator and spiritual
father Of the modern Polish republic.
Poles have not forgotten that he was
the first to demand free and inde-
pendent Poland upon the outbreak Of
the World War in 1914 when many Of
has present political opponents would
have been quite satisfied with an auto
nomous Poland within the Russian En-
pire.
All his life Pilsudski has been
fighter for Polish independence. He
was expelled in his youth from Kharkov
University, where he was studying medi-
cine, for taking part in q conspiracy Of
revolutionary students. He then joined
secret society of young Poles who
plotted to murder Gar Alexander III,
and for his association in the conspiracy
he was sent to Siberia for I'VE years.
! Upon his return to Poland he helped
found the Polish Socialist Society. Pil-
sudski made IL q nationalist Organiza-
ton, in contrast with the international
attitude of Western European Socialism.
and obtained the incorporation in its
platform OF plank demanding the es.
Enlistment Of . free and independent
Polish state. t4sT
Pilsudski Is pre-eminently . man Of
vision. He foresaw the World War
years before 1t broke out. He realized
that this titantic conflict represented
Poland's only chance Of regaining her
liberty and that Poles must be prepared
to seize the opportunity when it knocked
ut their door. He founded his famous
rife clubs, and when the war came in
1914 Pilsudsd dashed across the Rus
sian frontier and seized the town OF
Kielce Pilsudski led his famous le-
gionnaires into action on the side OF the
Central Powers because he considered
Russia the greatest foe Of Polish inde-
pendence. But when, in 1917, he de-
manded separate Polish uniforms, sepa-
rate Polish colors and Polish ofncerg
for his regiment, the Germans deemed
his demands impertinent and had him
incarcerated in Madgeburg.
Turned Back BoIsheviLs.
The German revolution freed Ptlsud-
ski. Returning to Warsaw, he became.
with the title of Chief of State. the head
of the revived Polish Republic. From
November, 1918, until the Autumn OF
1922, Pilsudski piloted the country IN
its years of infancy. When the Bolshe.
was enabled, thanks to the advice and
assistance rendered by Gen. Weygand
and the French military mission, to take
the Red army in It's flank and turn 1t
back at the very doors OF warsaw.
Pilsudski was not only the founder OF
his country; he was also its savior.
Pilsudski also has those romantic ana
dashing qualities which appeal so much
to the Polish people and which make
Kosciuszko and Poniatowsd the favor
lite heroes of the nation. Indeed, the
marshal has defined the guiding prin-"
ciples Of his life as "romanticisrn OF
aims and realism of methods. ne
dreamed of reviving the glories OF the
Jagiellonic period-the Golden Age" OF
Polish history-when the ancient Polish
capital, Cracow, was to the medieval
world what London and Paris are to
modern Europe. He aspired TO renew
the ancient federation between Poland
and Lithuania He advocated, too, the
creation of q chain of White Russian,
Ukrainian and other sister republics
under Polish hegemony. Poland would
head a Slavonic federation extending
into the heart Of the old Russian EN-
pire.
It was in pursuit Of this romantic
goal that Pilsudski undertook his III
fated march on Kiev in the Spring OF
1920 that so nearly led to the destruc-
ton Of the infant republic. So he
captured Kiev to hand it over to the
Ukrainians, and Dunaburg to give IL
to Latvia. But the Ukrainians were too
weak to take advantage Of PiIsudski's
victories. The plans for new Polish
Ukrainian federation had to be aba11-
doned and the Polish troops were forced
to relinquish Kiev. W
IdoIixed by Soldiers.
Today, when many Of Pilsudski's old
friends and associates have turned on
him, the old soldiers still worship him
with undiminished fidelity. As leader
during the war he was unsurpassed.
Calm, simple and devoted to his men,
he became the darling Of the legion
aires. His mere presence in the trenches