Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-28
INTERNATIONAL

Three months of intensive debate,
Automatic negotiations, study OF ex-
merits figures and mutual concessions
brought forth the London naval treaty,
which was signed on April ZZ py tne
delegates of the United States, Great
Britain, Japan, France ana ICay. oS
this uact the first three powers agreed
IN the extension of the Washington
treaty so that the reduction and Lml-
tation of their navieS should apply 10
rr1Iisers and lesser vessels. France
and italy failed utterly to reach an
accord as to what their relative naval
strength should be. Consequently tney
subscribed to only those parts OF tne
London treaty that provioed Ior a DaS-
tleship building holiday ano pr ,-
ecribed various rules designed 10 h"-
mamie submarine warfare y A..
Opponents of the treaty in the
united states declared our delegatlon,
which was headed by Secretary OF
state Stimson, had conceded too mucn,
and that the British and japanese mao
all the best of it. Strangely enousnE;
the opposition factions in England ana
Japan put forth similar conIenIl1'tttts e,,+
France and italy held mtermittent
Conversations during the rest OF the
wear. but could not settle their diner
ences. The one insurmountable opSta-
Gle was Italy's demand that her rlgnV
IN naval parity with France be ad-
nitted, and Frances fiat refusA 70
Weld this point. g.
In this Franco Italian struggie ioI
supremacy in the Mediterranean nes Gne
,,ossibility that the London treaty wlll
f,iT11 ont to be a scrap Of almost useless
paper. The British did not abandon
their old policy of having navy as
strong as those of any two conLinentAi
S,owers. and II France and Italy oulio
beyond a certain point, Gerat Brltaln
Is free TO increase her navy accordingly
League Receives Brands Scheme
In september the Assembly OF the
Taar1le of Nations listened politely
while M. BRAND, French foreign min
lister, expounded his pet scheme IoL q
federation Of European states. ONneE
atatesrnen cautiously praised the plan
and It was accepted in principle oy the
Assembly and referred to special COM
nittee which will report to the 1881
meeting.
aented at Geneva signed on october 2
a treaty guaranteeing financial AID 10
anv signatory state that is the victim
Of warlike aggression.
The Leagues preparatory commission
en- disarmament met early In Novem-
Der and it was admitted that the nope
Of early reduction of ornaments rested
on its deliberations. M Litvinov. re-
iterating Soviet Russia's offer OF lmme-
diate and complete disarmament, scatn-
ingly berated the other powers for their
Hypocrisy" without effect. Overriding
the objections Of the United States,
italy, Germany Russia and other ma
tions the commission adopted an An
Hlo-French plan of global budgetry lin
itation OF ornaments. both land ana
naval. II also rejected Germany's de-
mand for military parity.
Late in August nine of the smaller
nations of Central Europe held a con-
ference in Warsaw and agreed on a
concerted program Of action mainly In
furtherance OF their agrarian inter-
ests. The pact was signed by Bulgaria,
C1echoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Hun
gary. Latvia. PolaInd, Rnmania and
Jugoslavia Lithuania was absent be-
cause Of her political differences with
Poland. France was Quick to strength
en- her friendship with these states by
offering credits.
During the year there were many in
dicationS that italy was drawing into
close cooperation with Germany and
Russia.
After being ratified by all the ma
lions concerned. the Young plan fol
Preparations was put into effect on
May 8. Gates w. McGarrah Of New
York already had been elected presi-
dent Of the Bank of international Set
Elements created by the plan. On May
10 the last Of the French troops in the
Rhineland began moving out, the evac-
uation being completed June 80.
separate reparationS settlement wa
signed in April by Hungary, Austris
ana the states in the little entente.
Important pactS signed during the
NTaa al arffT ~ hot
China and Japan; treaty Of friendship
between Turkey and Greece, and late
Q naval parity pact by those nations
boundary treaty between Peru and