davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Wages Are Measured
In Needs of Workers

From the Wall Street Journal
Whether the United States can and
should maintain its general wage scale
through the current depression, or
should seek an immediate liquidation Of
labor as a means toward quick restora-
ton of prosperity, is a question which
has so far been considered more in
private than in open forum. High
wages have become almost a fixed prin-
ciple in latter-day American theory, so
much so that President Hoover in his
message to Congress remarked:
THE index of union wage scales
shows them to be today fully up to the
level of any of the previous three years
In consequence the buying power of the
country has been much larger than
would otherwise have been the case"
Expressing about the same idea more
aggreSsively, Miss Perkins, State indus
trial commissioner of New York. says:
The industries that cut wages de-
feat their own ends. The purchasing
power must be kept up where the wage
earning class will find it easy to buy the
things the manufacturer wants to sell -
These are cancellations, good as far
as they go. but insufficient to tell the
whole story. Wages have been reduced
in some lines of employment; the fact
that the union wage index shows no
dimtnution indicates that the reduc-
tions have affected principally or ex-
clusively labor not afiliated with the
recognized unions. On the other hand,
wage scales have been steadily main
tained in some conSpicuously un-
uniontzed industries, such as STEEL
In at least some cases lower scales
have been accepted by employees as the
only means OF maintaining production
and the chance to work. Goods must
be sold If men are to continue making
them and selling now is primarily a
matter OF price. This is particularly
true of manufacturing for export. 1t
Is not accurate therefore. to say sweep
ingly that industries which cut wages.
in time Of reduced living cost and
generally falling prices, defeat their
own ENDS. If wage reduction within
the limits of fair dealing makes work
for 100 men where only 40 could be
used at the previous scale, a good end
Is served and not defeated. Nor do
wage reductions honestly made under
such circumstances do anything to i'm
pair the modern American idea that
nigh. wages and general prosperity go
hand In hand At bottom, is is the
workers real wage, his annual income
In terms of his material needs and de-
slreS, that measures his compensation.
whether wages should be reduced or
maintained in time of depression must
De determined with reference to the
circumstances Of the individual business
ana TO the immediate ends in view.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Work Solution Seen
In JudiciOus Economy

From the Charleston IS. c. Evening Post
All over the country there is a de-
mand for economy this year in the
appropriations for State and city gov
eminent that Is accompanied at the
same time with demand that govern
ments do something to aid in reducing
unemployment. When the meaning of
the average man with respect to the
two things Is interpreted, it is apparent
that they are hopelessly in conflict. 1t
Is Just another case of the public want
ing to have its cake and eat it, too.
The chief way any government spends
It's money Is on jobs. OF the actual
appropriation of any city or State. by
far the larger part goes to pay salaries
and wages. Obviously the direct way
to economy is by the reduction of ap-
preparations, which necessitates the re-
duction of salaries or the elimination
of jobs. Presumably, the people a gov
ernment pays are employed in giving
useful service which the public de-
mands, as policemen, tax collectors.
road builders. firemen, game wardens,
administrators, water suppliers. engi-
neers, teachers, sanitarians, foresters
and whatnot. Which of them is to be
thrown out of employment? And when
they have joined the army of the un-
employed, what appropriation is the
city or State to make that will relieve
their condition and give them Jobs
again?
If the economy doctrine is to prevail,
the other should be dropped Let gov
ernment cut out all jobs that 1t can
get along without and leave the Job
less 1t has created to join the general
competition for employment. Some re-
duction in taxes might thereby be OBJ
tained, but it is just possible that it
would be accompanied by a decrease
in general income that would make it
as hard to pay the reduced taxes as to
pay those now imposed. If government
is to make a direct contribution to re-
duce unemployment, however, the cry
for economy must cease. There is no
sense in saving money at one end and
spending 1t at the other.
The best course is probably for a
State or city to take unusual care that
its expenditures during the coming
year are made only for those items
that are necessary, as it should, of
course, do in any year, and let the un-
employment problem work itself out
without public interference, choosing,
however, the present as an advantageous
time to institute any important and
necessary construction projects that it
may have been planning as a required
part of its program of community de-
velopment Neither economy for econ
omy's sake nor extravaganza for the
sake of the jobless will solve the prob
lem satisfactorily.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

American painters today are doing.
which is broad and fully representative
in scope and character, and which in
cludes the best available works exem-
plifying the different schools and phases
as they now exist"
Within recent years, it points out, the
work Of artists has undergone distinct
changes, and the past has demonstrated
that such changes have Invariably
proved of Importance, either positively
or negatively. The good survives; the
worthless is eventually discarded, The
hope is expressed that the present dis
play will accomplish the fundamental
purpose, which is, of course, demon
stration, and consequent increased
knowledge.
The question is often raised by many.
and invariably by few, as to whether
it would not be an improvement if these
exhibitions were organized to meet pop
ular taste. Possibly it would-so far as
appealing to popular taste is concerned.
But they would fail of their desired
and reiterated purpose If such were the
case; they might, or might not, demon
strate changes and vagaries in public
| taste. but they certainly would not
demonstrate the changes and trends IN
artistic progress, or retrogressicn-call
it what you will. And it is an axiom
that popular taste eventually follows
creative art, not the reverse.
The same divergence in opinion as
TO certain entries and certain prize
winners, or SIS to an exhibition as q
whole, that obtains in the public mind
Is found also to a certain extent in the
artistic mind, which includes both
painters and critics. Comments of the
latter might with aptness be termed
"brickbats and bouquets" Whatever the
reaction of the critic may be, the in
stituticn or publication employing him
or her sees to It that all the better
known exhibits are visited and viewed
in person. The seriousness with which
these writers take their work is ex-
emplified by the fact that one critic Of
high reputation actually few to the
National Capital in order to obtain the
proper personal slant on what is ad-
mitted to be an art event Of national
Importance.
THE most moderniStic exhibit that
has been shown in this country" AYERS
one, while another, equally sincere, de-
clares over her signature, "Of all the
canvases shown, only two or three could
be termed radical" If the critics them
selves differ, among themselves, how can
the lay public be blamed. for similar
diametrically opposed opinions? The
reply is that 1t cannot, and that it
should not. But it should appreciate,
as do the artistically trained, the un-
derlying purpose for which such exhi-
bitions are paInstakingly organized 1t
must realize that the only proper and
competent selectors of the entries there
in must, of necessity. be themselves
painters. And in studying the paintings
it should try TO consider, in SO far as
possible, the viewpoints of the painters
themselves. A homely old phrase sums
it up-where you are is not so impor-
tant as which way you are going. The
only way to know where American art
is tending is not to sit at home viewing
favorite paintings or books of familiar
art reproductions, but to visit every pos
sible worthy exhibition with both eyes
and mind wide open.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

has been paid for seat for grand
4 opera ?-J. P.
7 A. performance of La Juive" was
given in the Metropolitan Opera House,
New York City, in 1921. and a person
psid $3.50 for one seat.
Q.Nwhat European city, other than
Rome. was built upon seven hills?--
NJ. A. =.
A. Calstantinople. now known as
IstanbuTh is said to be enthroned, like
Rome, upSn seven hills.
Q. In what proportion Of motor ve-
hicle accidents are pedestrians involved2
IT. B. l..
A. Last year 50 per cent OF the trarie
deaths in this country involved a pedes-
trian.
@. How wide IS the Amazon River In
the interior OF Braxil2-C. w. r.
A, II is between and miles wide
where it enters Brazil and gradually in
creases In breadth to so miles at its
main mouth. Where Il enters the sea
the distance across the water from head
land to headland is fully $50 miles.
Q. Please give in inches the following
book sizes: 32mo, ~ mo, 8 vo, elephant
folio.-E. G. G.
A. Books are defined respectively as
folio, quarto, octave, duodecimo, sexto-
decimo octodecimo vigesin1o- -quarto, tri-
gestmo-secundo, etc. These terms are
founded upon the number Of times a
sheet is folded. For example a folio
sheet forms two leaves, a Quarto four
leaves, etc. The dimensions are as fol-
lows: 32mo, 31s by 494: l2mo, by
7i4. The sizes of octave books differ
according to the paper; for example,
cap octave Is 4l4 by inches; DENY,
5i4 by g. etc; royal Svo. 6l2 by 10,
4 TO, si2 by IL. elephant folio, % by %.
@. What is the largest and most ex-
pensive diamond In the world?--D. A.
A. The largest and In most respects
She most remarkable diamond ever found
iS the Cullinan diamond. 1t weighed
3,@S434 car;SNP. or 1877 pounds, and
meaA ured 4 inches by rs inches by l.25
inchA.
O. It Is said that every great race
horse tlA1t has lived in the last cen
tury and\ half Is related to three
Enfdish tEproughbreds. Can you give
me the NAMES of those English horses?--
A. M w
A. Matcheu foaled In 174s; Herod,
in 1853, and Eshpse, in 1854.
Q. When was the first building and
loan association formed in this coun-
try?-O. S.
A. 1t was formed on January 3. 1881.
at Frankford, Pa, bytthree citizens, and
called the oxford PAovident Building
and Loan Association. There are now
over 10000 such associations in the
United States. and 8A00,000 homes
have been financed within the 100 years
since the first one was formed.
@. Who we're the men wtAp came to
this country with Lafayette&-M. G.
M B.
A. The following names APPEAR In
the biography of Lafayette by Rrand
Whitlock They are the names Of ynen
whom Lafayette arranged to bring with
him to fight in the Revolutionary Wax:
Baron de Kalb, DelesSer, DE Valfort,
De Fayols, De Tranva1, Dubois Martin,
De Gimat, De Vrigny, De Bedaulx,
Capitaine, De la Colombo and Carbon.
Q. What became of Ambrose Bierce?
j. S.
A. He disappeared in 1913 when he
entered Mexico. His fate is not known.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

Stop a minute and think about this
fact. You can ask our Information Bu-
reau any question of fact and get the
answer back in a personal letter. 1t is
great educational idea introduced into
the lives of the most intelligent people
In the world--American newspaper
readers. 1t is u part of that best pur-
pose of newspaper-Service. There is
no charge except 2 cents in coin or
stamps for return postage. Get the
habit Of asking questions. Address your
letter to The Evening Star Information
Bureau, Frederic j. Haskin, director,
Washington, D. G.
@. Who will attend the conference
looking to the regulation OF rules for
air traffic?--N. N. B.
A. The National Conference on Uni
form Aeronautic Regulatory Laws will
be held in Washington under the aus
pices Of the Aeronautics Branch Of the
Department Of Commerce, December 16
and II. The Governors Of the 48
States, the Territories and the Com
missioners ,of the District Of Columbia
have been invited to send two delegates
each to the conference. The aircraft
industry will be represented by dele
gates designated by the Aeronautical
Chamber of Commerce. Representa-
tives also will be appointed by the
Chamber of Commerce of the United
States and the National Aeronautic As
sociation. The subjects to be discussed
will include uniform basic regulatory
State air law, adoption of Federal air
tratTic rules by the States for purposes
of local enforcement, methods' of local
enforcement, State enabling acts for
airport acquisition and control and i'm
portance of uniform airport field rules.
@. How much money is invested
abroad by American corporations and
business men?-S. NJ.
A. Direct foreign investments at theN
end of last year amounted to approxi-
mately S7478, 100000, More than rs
per cent or 81 ,960. .320 900. was invested
in Canada; $1,547 1895 900 in South
America. $l.352 ,753O 900 in Europe and
81 ,053, ISL 600 in Cuba and the West
indies. Smaller totals are reported
from Mexico and Central America,
$917,093,000; Asia, 1894 $40 900; AUS
tralia and New Zealand, $149,154, 900,
and Africa, $1o2,229,OOo.
Q. What is an Irish dividend?-W. M.
A. 1t Is stock assessment.
@. What mathematical problem Is
called "Pons Asinorum"?-W l..
A. 1t is the fifth proposition, Book I
of Euclid. the first difficult theorem,
which ounces rarely get over the first
time without stumbling.
@. Give examples of spondaic words
S. S.
A. Compound, context. football and
amen are spondaic--equally accented
on each Of the two syllables.
O. What is meant by modus viven-
di?-C. T. NJ.
A. 1t is a mutual arrangement where
by persons not at the time on friendly
terms can be induced to live together in
harmony The term may be applied to
individuals, to societies or to peoples.
O. What did the -Four Horsemen of
the Apocalypse. typify?-C. D.
A. They were Conquest, Slaughter,
Famine and Death, who appeared in
Revelation on white. red, black and
pale horses respectively. They typify
the evils of war.
@. What is the highest price which
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Mother Jones Dies HOnOred
By All Classes of Americans

spectacular: Mother Jones was never
one for compromise and she fought, al
most literally, tooth and nail" AS the
Rochester Times Union points out, "her
presence at labor meetings, her part
In aggressive action and strikes, her
spirit in continuing the fight to the
last ditch-this was, perhaps, as great
gift as ever came from one person
to labor, and certainly the greatest gift
of any woman IN this country or else
where"
While much Of the improvement in
the condition today of the American
workingman Is due to the countrys
improved economic co!Odition and much
more to more liberal attitude on the
part Of employers" according to the
Ashland Daily Independent, "some Of it
at least is due to Mother Jones herself" )"
this paper AYERS.
Noting that in her last years birth
day fluctuations were exchanged be-
tween John D. Rockefeller and Mother
Jones, the latter of whom had been a
bitter foe Of the former in her militant
years, the San Francisco Chronicle re-
marks that "the reconciliation of these
two ancient foes is symbolic of some
thing that has taken place in the rela-
tions between capital and labor in
America. It gives hope that in indus
trial adjustment the Nations first hun
dred years were the hardest" concludes
the Chronicle. The more favored lot
Of labor today has come about because
the groundwork was laid by firebrands
like Mother JONES' stirred to passion
ate protest by the miserable condition
OF the submerged tenth in an America
which has gone never to RETURN" claims
the Houston Chronicle, calling Mother
Jones "a valiant soldier"
Daughter of an Irish rebel widowed
and bereft Of four children by yellow
fever, her dressmaking ribbons and silks
burned in the Chicago fire, she dedi-
Gated herself to improving working
conditions when she saw hungry, job
less men tramping the freezing lake
front after the fire. To the end of her
tribute of the St. Louis Post-DiSpatch
into an institution" remarks the Ann
Arbor Daily News, and the Providence
Bulletin, impressed by the "abounding,
amazing vitality" of this woman, says
of it: 1T was a pioneer vitality, un-
weakened by the debilitating influences
of an advanced civilization" AS the
Asheville Times sums up her nature
and her achievements, ANY one who
believes anything, with manifest in
tensity and devotion, commands atten-
ton. The fiery little Mother Jones
must be given credit for some hasten
ing of the process by which the Ameri-
can people have evolved a new con-
ception of the place of labor in the
scheme of life.''
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Painters Are Available
For Necessary Repairs

To the Editor Of The Star:
Would you please give a little space
in your paper to let the people of Wash
ington know of the unemployment
among painters and paperhangers in
Washington, D. c.?
AS new painting and paperhanging is
sanitary and also preserves and beau-
titles, believe the people should wake
up at this time and Ak up their property.
Not only residential property needs
looking after, but there are many
schools, churches and restaurants which
are sadly In need Of going over with
paint.
To fix these places at this time would
give gerat deal of work to the un-
employed in these lines.
CHARLES r. ANDREWS,
President Of Master Painters and
Decorators Association of WASH
ington, d. G.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Waste Oil Found Fatal
To American WildfOWl
From the Seattle Daily Times.

From the Seattle Daily Times.
The United States Biological Survey
has added another count to the case
against ships that discharge their waste
oil in coastal waters. We have heard
much concerning the damage done to
bathing beaches and to beach property,
but 1t appears that fuel oil also threat
ems to exterminate many species of
waterfowl. The Biological Survey has
found that ducks, geese, divers, gulls
and terms succumb to the blighting ef-
fectS of the oil. In describing their de-
struction, the bureau says:
The fine down that inSulates their
bodies against cold and water be-
comes matted and water soaked, the
skin is exposed to the elements and
the birds die from cold and hunger
If not mercifully drowned. without
human aid, bird once in the sticky,
heavy oil is doomed to lingering
death.
On a short stretch Of beach In Mas
sachuSettS a game warden found more
than 1000 dead or dying birds. In an
other section he counted more than 500.
The disastrous effects of oil pollution
are not confined to the United States.
Four years ago conference of 13 ma
tions was held in Washington, D. c., to
devise ways and means to prohibit the
discharge of oil or oily mixtures in
coastal waters. Several powers indicat-
ed their approval of regulations pro-
hibiting the practice, but others were
unwilling to accept them without ma
terial changes. However, the discharge
Of oily mixtures is prohibited in the wa
ters of the United States, and the War
Department Is charged with the en-
forcement of the law. In practice, 1t
is found that convictions are hard to
obtain Perhaps additional legislation
will be necessary requiring the installa-
ton of oil separators for the removal
of oil from ballast or bilge water.
Some cause for complaint has been
found in Puget Sound, and efforts have
been made to stop the practice. The
problem must be solved before the
beaches are destroyed and the water
fowl exterminated. The first step prob
ably is to arouse public opinion.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Poison Alcohol.

For many, many years industrial al
cohol has been denatured by the ad-
dition Of poisonous wood alcohol in
this country, in France, Germany. Eng
land and other nations, thus making it
unpalatable and thereby escaping the
internal revenue taxes placed on alco-
holic beverages. With prohibition a
great many persons in this country
adopted the practice Of drinking any
thing that contained alcohol In any
Evening star., 1930-12-11
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Human Experience.

Human Experience.
A lot of chaps with wealth today
Can look back on time
When fortune seemed to hide away,
Though strength was in its prime.
With feeling for your fellow men
Your heart will surely throb
If you sometimes remember when
You didn't have job.
It's time to work with thought and skill
To find the way to lead
Those who would labor with will
To shun the hour of need.
1t may be helpful now and then
To aid, not pause to sob
AS you perchance remember when
You didn't have job.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

Railway workers are no doubt inclined
TO take into consideration the fact that
a six-hour day will leave more time to
work on the house and the garden in
a way that will help to relieve the
economic situation.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

About the worst punishment endured
by the Russian conspirators was being
compelled to stand for hours before the
microphone, with the knowledge that
the letters of comment sent In would be
uniformly unfavorable.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

A coalition in legislative circles is
seldom effected without some delay for
the discussion of the old question as to
the best method of managing the con-
solidated forces.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

Thomas A. Edison is firm in his ap-
proval of prohibition. Possibly his one
regret concerning the electric light Is
that it is of so much assistance to the
night clubs.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

From the Detroit News.
We don't know much about dinosaur
eggs, except that the housewife of the
time probably didn't need Ia Of them
to bake an angel f9ed cakA.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
IL TELEGRAPH. Guayaquil-on

I'll TELEGRAPH, Guayaquil-On
l. its way to Lima to compete
with the local foot ball (soccer)
IL team, the Fortuna Club of Ha-
vana, Cuba, spent a day in
Guayaquil coming from the scene of
previous encounter in Costa Rica
The players were the guests of splen-
did and colorful reunion of foot ball
enthusiasts in the stadium, where con-
tests were arranged between several Of
the leading teams Of the city.
Both the contestants and the general
public applauded and greeted the yisi
tors heartily, saluting them with the
battlecry of their supporters, which
had been learned by the local teams
taking part in the exhibition, for this
occasion. We take the liberty of re-
producing this "aullido' (yell) for the
benefit of such of our readers as may
also wish to learn it:
Zum-bala, zamba,
Zun-bala, zamba,
Cha-cara, chiqui, Fortunai
Hurah! Hurasl
Fortuna! Fortunal
Yah! Vah!! Vah!l!
Also q briefer shout of encourage
ment:
Arolla-FOR!
Quierede-TUll
Miedo de-NAl!
FORTUNA!
The Fortuna team is a formidable
one, and has defeated on its tours many
of the best South American teams. 1t
has many friends and partisans in this
city, and the coming contests in De-
cember will be spectacles well worth
witnessing.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

Lectures on psychology are appropriate
features of enterprises designed to sell
lots in subdivisions. The high pressure
salesman is himself master psycholo-
gist.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
But Can We Be Sure?

From the South Bend Tribune.
If the narrowness Of the political
margin in Congress doesn't extend to
congressional minds the Nation may
grin and bear 1t.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Mrs. Mcpherson Sues
To Recover Coat Left In Paris.
Or Stunt Her Growth.

FROM the Terrs Haute Star
That British princess who started
smoking at 80 should realize It may cut
down. her Longevity.
Evening star., 1930-12-11

Detectives Solution of Puzzle.
From the Akron Beacon Journal
A detective is a man who is puzzled
by q murder and consoles himself with
the thought that the guy probably
needed humping o.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.
MARYLAND and Nirrinia
Member of the Associated Press.

the Associated Press Is exclusively entitled
to the use for republication Of all news dis
patches credited to it or not otherwise cred
tied in this paper END also the local news
published herein. All rights of publication OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star., 1930-12-11
FavOrite Character.

Who is your favorite character in
history?"
tom Thumb" answered Miss Cay
enne. II don't know his biography, but
I enjoy the kind Of golf he invented"