Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-22
SUMMARY OF TREATY.
Limitation of All CategOries Is First
In History Of World.


in History Of World.
By the Associated Press.
The London naval treaty Of 1890 TO
which the Senate yesterday voted its
consent to ratification by President
Hoover will limit for the FIRST time in
history all categories of fighting ships
for the three major powers of the world.
Outstanding so far as the American
Navy is concerned is the recognition of
the theory of parity, or naval equality,
in all classes of ships between the Brit
ish and American navies. Japan Sc
cures parity in summaries with Great
Britain and the United States and high
er ratios than the 5--5-3 of the Wash
ington arms treaty in categories OF aux
iliary vessels.
British TO Lose Five Ships.
After a brief and conventional pre-
arnble the London treaty provides for
the unemployment of capital ships
permitted the three major naval powers
under the washington agreement.
France and italy, however, are permit-
ted the replacement tonnage they were
entitled to lay down in 1927 and 1929.
Great Britain shall dispose Of flve cap
ital ships, the United States three and
Japan one under the terms OF article 2
to reach the parity of The Washington
pact at once instead of in le42.
Each, however. may retain one vessel
for training purposes. Aircraft car
riers, partly limited under tho Wash
ington agreement, will now also be
limited under 10000 tons. The WASH
ington limitation applied only to car
riers of above 10000 tons. The size of
submarines, with the exception of three
for each power which may total $500
tops, are limited by the treaty TO 1000
tons.
Small ships of under 600 tons. and
ships the fittings of which make them
of little combat value. are exempted
from limitation. A considerable part of
the treaty is given to the citation of
rules for the replacement of ships, dis
posals. scrapping and dismantling to
provide ships for training purposes.
Cruiser Provisions.
Insisted upon as q rule by the United
States, the treaty provides only for q
division of cruiser sizes as between those
carrying guns of more than 6.l-inch
calibre and those carrying guns OF less
than 6.1-inch calibre, rather than by
tonnage in the Sub-category. DeStroyers
are limited to 1850 tons with a gun
calibre maximum OF 81 inches Destroy
ers are further limited to / 500 tons ex-
cept for is per cent of the total ton
mage in the category OF each nation
which may be over this figure. In the
larger type of cruiser-usually referred
to as "eight-inch cruisers" the United
states Is limited to Is, Great Britain
to Is and Japan to IL, with an addi-
tionsl provision that the United States
shall not complete the last three larger
cruisers before 1896.
One of the most important provisions
of the treaty is contained in article
81 the so-called 'eScalator clause" stip-
ulating the contingencies under which
one of the contracting parties may ex-
coed the limitations OF the treaty. The
clause was written mainly at the re-
Quest OF Great Britain, which feared thu
possibility of excessive building by hei
neiehhor. France.
The clause provides that when any
sirnatory fnds its security threateneC
bv such building, 1t may notify thu
other signatories of the amount which
->ust be built :, overcome the advan'
..~e and may then proceed with con
srr,ction. The other two powers shal
then be entitled to construct, within
the limits OF their ratios, ships I'm tho
same category.
Under article 10 OF the pact thu
United states Il permitted 10 transfer |
total Of 10000 tons from the S-inch Il
the Gin h cru s'r category at the rat
Of 1876 tons of the latter for eaei
10 600 tons Of the forme-. Should tn
United states rot ei~st 10 exercise tn
~~-s~- e tf.ss s'~"~H. tlNS tr7aty Cat