davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1930-10-16
BRAZILIAN REBELS CLAIM DIRECTIONS
 FROM GOVT. ARMY
(Continued From First Page)

T S 00J men already have been enlisted for the federal army.
 Volunteers Embark
 A legion, named in honor of Julio Prcstes, president -elect of Brazil, has left Bebedouro while the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

cruisers is, in itself, famous example
of the uncertainty of theory amid the
tests and accidents of practice. Beatty,
with six ships and 13.5-inch guns,
should have demolished Won Hyper,
with five ships and 12-inch and 11-inch
guns. but it did not happen that way.
In those first tense, terrible and fan
taStic moments, when at last after so
many. hours of preparation the two
great fleets were actually racing side
by side across the North Sea pounding
each other to pieces in the mist, the
fading light and the roar and crash
of battle, reality imposed its hand upon
the book estimates with an abrupt and
terrible emphasis. What was it really
like?
The tactics and general outlines of
the action have often been described,
but it is from the personal narratives
of the participants that one derives the
sharper picture. Many of these narra-
tiveS from the British side were col
lected and printed ("The Fighting at
Jutland") shortly after the war; while
Comdr. Won HaSe, the gunnery officer
in the battle cruiser Derfflinger, pub
lished an almost equally vivid record
from the German side. The Jutland
action, they show, began calmly enough,
when at $3.50 in the afternoon the dim
forms of Won Hipper's battle cruisers
first doomed up to the eastward in the
object glasses of the officers in Beatty's
squadron.
"It was still hard to realize" says the
account of an officer in the foretop of
the New Zealand, that battle was &C
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
Shift in Population Is Seen as Cause
Of Behavior Problem Among Children

The shifting of population from rural
communities to urban centers has
caused a definite increase in behavior
problems among children, according to
a recent study by DR.. Sydney Kinnear
Smith, chief psychiatriSt of the Ala
medo County Hospital, who will con-
duct a special course in child guidance
for the University of California Ex-
tension Division.
The well defined movement of city
growth Is disclosed by recent figures
which show that whereas in Colonial
days more than 90 per cent of the pop
ulation lived on the farm" 1928 sta
tisticS show that but "a per cent Of
the population Is dependent on an
agricultural mode of existence. And
further, although little If any attention
was ever given to child problems In
Colonial times, recent report Of the
New York Academy of Medicine shows
that 1t costs 100000 year to main
tain institutions for mental and ner-
vous disorders brought about in child
hood and that such disorders cause an
annual economic loss Of $500, 000, 900.
1.-THE possibilities of faulty environ
ment are increased hundred fold" de-
claDeS Dr.. Smith, "by> this shift IN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

tually commencing. I had great dif1-
Guilty in convincing myself that the
Huns were in sight at last, it was so like
battle exercises, the way in which we
turned on to more or less parallel
courses and waited for the range to
close sufficiently before letting fly at
each other. It all seemed very cold
blooded and mechanical, no chance Of
seeing red"
Crews Ignorant Of Tactics.
For the vast majority of men in both
squadrons it must have been even more
so. Beatty had formed a line Of battle
and turned upon a southeasterly course;
Won Hyper, some 10 miles away, had
done the same in order to draw the
British down upon the German grand
feet. which he knew to be advancing
from the south. With the range rapidly
closing the squadrons rushed on side by
side at nearly 80 miles an hour. But
the crews, nearly all confined in the tur-
rets, classmates or below decks, knew
nothing of all this. They could not even
see out, much less see the enemy. The
news that the enemy was in sight had
run quickly through the ships; they
could tell by the feel Of the engines that
they were tearing through the water at
full speed, and presently Cat about 3:45)
they knew by the blast of their own
guns that they were in action. But still
they found themselves in their accus-
toned places, doing their accustomed
Jobs; it was in no way different from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
Albania Seeing the Light


towns. Therefore the ground rates and
taxes for small holdings and middle
sized estates are kept so low that the
people have no reason to seek their
fortune in the towns.
No Land for Foreigners.
With the new roads and the near
bania has become a. profitable under
taking. Every Albanian who wishes
to settle down as a farmer can buy as
much ground as he is able to culti-
vate with his family, but no more.
It is not permitted to sell land to a
foreigner. This provision was made
to safeguard the country against being
sold out to alien colonists.
But If foreigner chooses to acquire
Albanian citizenship, he can buy land
under the same conditions as the born
Albanian. AS the government favors
immigration, the process OF obtaining
Albanian citizenship has been made
very simple and many Italians avail
School System Improved.
After hard years largely passed in
asserting himself against the intrigues
Of his own countrymen, King Zogu has
now reached q point where he can
say that his endeavors begin to bear
fruit Albania has modern system OF
education. Attendance at the element
airy schools is obligatory for all chill
dren between and IA.
In the eight years they not only learn
to read and write, but are also taught
q handcraft. Those who wish to become
artisans attend an artisans school later
A number Of middle and higher schools
AAn cd H1A q
In the latter the boys and girls are
brought so far they can be sent to a
foreign university.
The import of agricultural machinery
Is encouraged. In 1929 half a million
gold francs was spent on agricultural
machines from Germany. The ma
chimes are delivered to the farmers for
a small initial deposit and the balance
may be paid in five years.
One of the worst plaques Of Albania
Is malarial fever. With the assistance
of the Rockefeller Institute the govern
ment has started a systematic hight
against this scourge. Special courses
are being held to teach the people how
to combat the disease. Every school
teacher has to attend malaria courses.
Six hundred thousand francs have been
spent in research. The many swampS
are being drained.
Use Of Veil Abolished.
Two-thirds of the population OF AL
bania Is Mahometan. The Mahometan
clergy has now abolished the veil. which
till last year was worn by all Mahome-
tan women. This was done without in
reference by the King or the govern
ment, who, however. are OF the opinion
that the disappearance Of the Turkish
harem is q wholesome measure OF
emancipation.
On the other hand modern night
resorts remain banished from the coun-
try. Zogu refuses to issue licenses Tor
them. Instead he has given orders To
establish clubs In all towns, where the
officials and citizens can take their
meals and sip their coffee. Strict regu-
lations have been drawn up for these
clubs. To prevent the members from
tarrying at the clubs all day and night
the places are only open at certain
hours.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

ing the warriors for the tribunal bands
that were involved in the eternal local
feuds of their masters. Outlawry and
brigandage f1ourished
AS late as in the 80s of the last CEN
fury the Land of the Skipetars" was
full of dangers for the traveller. AS the
local products could be brought to the
markets only with great difficulty, the
landowners had no interest in produc-
ing much more than they needed for
themselves and the families of their
tribe.
It is an important point on the pro-
gram Of King Zogu to intensity agri-
culture and provide for the increasing
house demand the growing export
needs To reach this goal soon, zogu
and his advisers have worked out a
land reform, whose basic principle is
that in future every Albanian Is to
have his own land.
Large Tracts Irrigated.
The government owns large tracts Of
barren land, which belonged to nobody
until the state took them. They are
now being drained and irrigated and
cut up Into medium-sized holdings,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

die Deutsche Flotte"-Copyright, 1920
the battle practice which they had so
many times experienced.
So the men in the interchangeable (the
sixth and last ship in Beatty's line)
must have felt. 1t was scarcely is min
utes after the opening of the action,
when they could hardly have shaken of
this first feeling of commonplaceness
that disaster overlook them. The navi-
eating officer of the New Zealand the
next ship ahead, saw that the 1ndefati-
gable had been hit, and that her steer
ing fear had apparently been injured,
since she sheered out of the line. A few
minutes later, he said, the battle cruiser
was hit by two shells, one on the
foc's'le, one on the fore turret. Both
shells appeared to explode on impact.
Then there was an interval of about 80
seconds during which there was abso-
lutely no sign of fire or flame or smoke
except the little actually formed by the
burst of the two shells, which was not
considerable. At the end Of the interval
Of about 80 seconds the ship completely
blew up, commencing apparently from
forward. The main explosions started
with sheets of flame, followed immedi-
ately afterward by q dense, dark smoke
which obscured the ship from view. Ali
sorts of stuff was blown high into the
air, a 50-foot steam picket boat, for ex-
ample, being blow up about 200 feet, ap-
parently intact though upside down.
What 1t felt like In the interchangeable
no one knows, for there were no surviv-
Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

population. These possibilities are OF
a manifold nature, but 1t Is possible TO
see the chances of danger In gang acc
tivity improperly supervised, In too FIRE.
quent attendance at the movies ana
in increased opportunities for spending
money"
On the other hand, declares the psy-
chiatrist, 1t Is extremely hard to say
just how far these difficulties are
counteracted by urban advantages. cit
is a question" he says, whether more
advanced school procedure, Fairgrounds,
health centers and q variety Of oppor-
tunities for cultural improvement coun.
terbalance the factors favoring de-
linquency. But we can say that there
need be no hesitation In stating that
city surroundings are conducive Of con-
duct disorders as contrasted to O rural
environment"
DR.. Smith has conducted q study re-
Gently published under the title Of
"Adolescent Emotions and Their Con.
troll" and besides being chief psychia-
trist at the Alameda County Juvenile
Court. Is director Of the Alameda
County Child Guidance Clinic and leo.
turer in mental hygiene and psychia~
trist at the University Of CalifoEniA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
BY H. A. DIEZ.

V YIENNA.-DiSquiet rumors have
been emanating from Albania
W for several weeks. One message
freshened up the old story that
King Achmed Zogu was suffer-
ing from the effects of slow-working
poison; another said the Kings friend
ship for Italy had cooled down to zero,
and still another that dangerous revo-
luton had broken out among the Cath
Ollie Northern tribes.
Most of these rumors reach the world
through JugoSlavia, where the feeling
toward Zogu is none too friendly, and,
according to travellers returning from
Albania, they are all unfounded.
The visitors relate that this youngest
and most medieval Balkan kingdom is
progressing steadily on its way to mod
ern forms of life. Under the patronage
and with the active help of Italy AL
bania is making up for the time lost
during the Turkish suzerainty.
King Zogu is an apostle of progress,
and it is dangerous to stand in his way.
He has not hesitated to stamp out ruth
lessly all attempts of slavophile factions
against his regime and person. Many
opponents went to the gallows, while
others escaped over the borders and be-
came political refugees. The rest yield
ed to the existing order.
Lower Glasses Benefited.
Under the influence of modernization
the economic situation of the country
has improved, and it is primarily the
lower classes who feel it. The worker,
the small landowner and the merchant
are beginning to appreciate the new
possibilities which the present system
offers. They understand that roads are
better than mule paths and that feuds
mInisg.
The establishment of the Albanian
! National Bank with italian capital five
years ago has provided a reliable cur
tency which facilitates the exchange Of
goods and an orderly administration.
The Albanian franc, equaling the Ital-
ian gold Ira of pre-war times in value,
has been placed on parity with other
gold currencieS, with the result that
prices during the last few years have
remained stable.
With the help of an italian loan Of
so 600, 900 gold francs roads are being
constructed, bridges built and harbors
laid out. The yearly imports have in
creased 5000, 900 and the exports 9,oOO,-
600. Sixty per cent of the exports go
to italy, then follow Greece and the
United States. Agricultural products
head the export list, with mineral oil
second.
Land Reform Begun.
An important reform is now under
| way. Hitherto most of the land has
been In the hands Of the feudal lords,
whose fortified farm yards and castles
are spread all over the country, most
of them in isolated positions without
Communications. It is not so long
since camel and mule caravans were
an almost universal means of trans
nortation In these regions. Small trad
ers and artisans settled down round
the strongholds of the chieftains, form
;no a few small townships, but more
offen only wretched little villages.
Most of the population OF 100000 con-
sisted of retainers, who lived IN state
Of semi-serfdon1,. thing tne gronnd OF
their lords In 0liet times and furnish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
BIZ REGINALD WRIGHT KAUFMAN.

BY REGINALD WRIGHT kAUFrMAN'
GENEVA to apparently
authentic advices just received mere
the endeavors of Russia'S SOVIET govern
ment to suppress news regarolng tne
celebration of Christmas day Within It's
borders covers yet another government
ally inspired blow at religion through
out that country. AS religious Russia
observes the old style calendar, the
feast fell this year on January q. new
style, and it appears that the autnorl-
ties employed it in advance, not only
against all Christian denominations,
but against the Jewish faith as well.
The following orders were circulated
IN bold-face type among members OF the
Communist party:
Rouse the masses for decisive at
tack against the narcotics OF religion.
Turn churches and church property 70
the uses Of industry. Melt the cnurcn
bells. BY suppressing the last VesIlgeS
Of religion, we shall speed Vne creatLOh
Of a Socialist world"
These commands were circulated a
few days before Christmas. Their Ell
feet is only now gradually becoming
known.
At Krasnogorsk the Soviet officials
closed all the churches and seized their
bells. During the carefully organized
anti-religious carnivals at Kharhoff
most Of the churches were conhscated'
The same thing happened to the Syna-
gogue and churches at Artmoksk and at
Arkhangelsk every bell was silenced
Sforever."
The famous monastery Of Louga has
been transformed into q Communist
propaganda bureau and the monks
driven away. The ancient church OF
Belgorod is pre-empted for the uses OF
Communist club and a public cinema is
installed. The Kraskovo church Jared
similarly, while the government Of Tver
Cancelled all electric light service to
churches and synagogues. The religious
buildings in the regions of the Don have
been taken from their owners and con-
Nerted into shops.
Il Is announced that the Mail Car
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
Canadian Lumber
Industry Advances

Commercial failures In Canada for the
first II months of 1929 numbered 1892,
with an aggregate liability of $35, 166,13O.
This compares favorably with an esti-
mated aggregate liability of commercial
failures in the United States in 1929
amounted to 1928, 800, 632.
Production of the lumber industry In
1928 amounted to $I39,424,754, an in
crease Of "a per cent over 1927.
Production Of sawed lumber showed
an increase Of So per cent in quantity
and So per cent In value over 1928.
The aggregate capital investment in the
industry amounted to SITS, 729 ,448.
The total production OF the mineral
producing industry in Canada amounted
to $279,820,014 in 1928. The industry
represented an aggregate capital in
vestment of $841 ,967 ,982, and gave en-
ployment to &c. 448 persons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

which are handed over to colonists.
who are expected to pay small yearly
amount to the treasury in cash or
products, until the ground becomes
their own property.
But as there are not sufficient state
lands to give soil to everybody, Zogu
also takes away part of the property
of the big landowners, for which the
latter receive an indemnifcation. To
get this land cheaply he resorted to
a clever scheme. When the general
land tax was introduced, he left it to
the land proprietors to estimate the
value of their estates. Naturally, they
all put the value as low as possible.
They are now paid the price which
they fixed and protests are silenced by
the knowledge that any complaint
would be an admission of having cheat
ed the state in the previous census
In the measure in which the poorer
classes are receiving land for almost
nothing Zogu's popularity among his
people grows. A few years hence he
will have a firm backing In the new
peasant class. He does not believe Ia
the migration Of country folk into the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
Soviet Seizes ALI Churches in Drive
To "Speed Creation of Socialist World

riers' Union has decided against all mall
deliveries to persons processing any re-
ligion whatever. More than 1000 lkons,
or holy pictures, are estimated to nave
been publicly burned on Christmas Gay
and in several centers all trades union
members who wanted to refrain from
work on the festival were compelled to
make public apologies.
These details are, of course, entirely
fragmentary, but plainly indicate
widespreading-and wider spreading,
crusade. No distinction is being mace
IN favor of any denomination. Bap-
fist and Lutheran ministers and their
congregations are among the sufferers.
along with thousands of the Eastern
orthodox faith. One report has 1t that
the Moscow government proclaims itS
intention to Danish from Russia every
trace of public worship before the enc
OF the present year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09

tons of the London Conference
there is one curious and per-
~ haps significant fact AL
though a wealth of theory can
be utilized in debating naval strengths,
the worlds practical experience with
the ships and weapons under discussion
is extraordinarily limited. 1t is so
limited that a very large part OF it is
actually comprised within the history
of few hours-the brief and indecisive
hours between noon of May 81 and the
morning of June /, 1915.
The battle of Jutland was fought
nearly IA years ago, but it remains,
with one or two minor engagements
of the war, our only answer to the
question of what modern naval action
is like It Is possible to balance ton
nages and gun calibers with a mathe-
NAUTICAL accuracy; but the real perfor-
nance of ships and men under the
fierce test of battle can be predicted
only by experience. The battle of Jut-
land Is almost our only means OF relat-
ing the theoretical debates at London
to terms of human experience, our prin-
cipal guide when the question is asked
what might actually happen should
there actually be another war at sea.
It still rises, dark and gigantic back
ground of mist and smoke and running
lines of gunflashes, behind the small
figures of the London conferences of
today.
The sudden loss of the British battle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-09
BY MARK SULLIVAN.

- DON there will fame through the
headlines two phrases flexible
provision" and "debenture plan"
- To Americans Of a few years
hence - very probably - the
phrases will mean nothing whatever.
They would have meant nothing to
Americans of a few years ago. For
the coming few weeks, however, they
will be the high spots of an acute
controversy.
They will be indeed, the high spots
of several acute. controversies, all focus
ing in one. They will be the bone Of
contention between House and Senate
agree on tariff bill; they will, at the
same time, compose an issue between
the Senate and the President
The several-sided fight will come to
a conclusion of one sort or another
some time about April IS. Thereafter,
very likely, these two phrases will re-
tire from the headlines to join some
scores of phrases-now sounding mystic
or meaningless-wtich at various times
have been the battle cries or slogans
or bones of contention In American
politics.
Phrases Of Other Years.
Who today except in scholars in his
tory can tell off-hand what was the
significance Of the following phrases
and what were the years in which they
blazed at the top of American politics?
Some of these phrases described issues
in Congress, like the present flexible
provision; some were decisions by the
Supreme Court that gave rise to politi-
cal agitation, some were slogans In
presidential campaigns. some were the
phrases uttered by Presidents or by
other public men, some were mterna-
tional issues, some had other reasons
for their fame. I have purpoSely dis
tributed them in the list without refer
ence to chronology; some were as recent
as Mr.. Hoover's and Coolidge's presi-
denotes, or Woodrow Wilson'S: others
had their vogue during the earlier
periods of our history: