davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04
What Seems
To Be Your
Pet Scare2
ign Places? The Darkness?
Or Stairs That CreGk in
the Night?
By HINIFRED A

@N UT Il breath.
And scared to death
OF you"
Funny little song, isn't IL?
But not half so funny as the
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04

n ELVET has become the Vaza.
bond OF the mode. II wanders
through the wardrobe. turn.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04
Governed
By Dietary
Limits
The Wise Man knous The
Foods That Poison Him
and Avoids Them
By II. ;. COPELAND, VI. ID.

u. S. Senator from New York.
Former Com missioner ot Health.
NeD York City.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04
THE HOME
| KITCHEN
sy Alice Lunn Barry

wv s'1'.'.s s;1 :s these : ; ::;..
Gus salad oils" the
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04
Goodnight
Stories
Nv MAX TRELL.

BY MAX TRELL.
IF uphilIs were downhi!is.
And dowrhilis were flat,
The world would be smooth
As a new derby hat"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04
The Stars Say
For Wednesday, November )
By CENENIEVE kEMBLE

A DAY OF stirring. probably ex-
= citing. events may be predict
ga from the strong places Of
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-11-04

Copyright. 1850. b. Newspaper Feature Serves. Inc
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
HOOVER FORESEES
 TREASURY DEFICIT
Temporary Income Tax Gut
 Appears Doomed

Washington. Nov, 15 P--Fresj- dent Hoover believes there will 10 a small deficit at the end of the fiscal year and this view today re- ducod hope of maintaining the cur rent reduced income tax rate.
 The necessary expenditures are expected by inc president, w1tho f cause for alarm, 10 exceed revenue by a comparatively small percent age"
 AS we have had surpluses over many years h. said yesterday. we probably can stand a small deficit over onn year without disarranging the stability Of the government.'
 He did not say the temporary one per cent income tax cut made last but the chairman of the senate finance committee, Senator Smoot Of Utah, said h. opposed continuance Of the reduction. His word on fiscal affairs is considered authoritative, and so is that of Senator Reed. re- publican, Pennsylyania, who had preceded the Utahan in saying hc did not believe the low rate could be renewed.
 As the reduction voted last year was temporary, the rates will revert 10 their higher level unless congress acts. which it is unlikely 10 do without administr- on urging.
 The permanent scale enacted two years ago ranges from 1 F per cent for personal incomes Of $4.0oO or less 10 five per cent for incomes of 22.Q4o or more. with 12 per cent as the rate for corporations and 1nsur- anCe companies.
 President Hoover said final con- s.deration Of appropriation estimates was being held up to afford 'he maximum possible information on the governments income. Among other items 1ho amount he will rec ommend for cXpediting public con- strucIQn has not been determined. Earlier in inc wear both the chief executive and Secretary Mellon had voiced confidence that the emergency rates could be continued this year. Their expressions had followed, how ever. a prediction by treasury eX- ports that the extended reduction had little chance.
 The way Senator Smoot expressed himself on the subject was:
 "Thc American people will not stand for the government raising ad- dttional money 10 meet its expenses while we continue the lower tax rates
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

and of the George Washington uni yersity in Washington, D. c. She has been employed as a secretary in the United States Veterans bureau in Washington for the past three years. Attorney Greenstein is a graduate of the University of Mary land and is asss.ant prosecutor n the New Britain police court. Forest H. Orr of the Stanley
 hotel and Miss Gladys Reardon of Paterson, N. J., made application at
 the office of the city clerk Monday for 8 marriage license. MT. Orr iG director of the New York Players at the Capitol theater.
 Miss Anna McCabe. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James H. McCabe ot Homestead avenue. and William Zarecki, son of MT. and Mrs. Will liam Zarecki of Meriden, were mar ried in St. Joseph's church, Meri- den, Monday morning by Rev. Wal ter J. Lyddy. Upon their return from an unannounced wedding trip they will live in Meriden.
 William Vincent Ryan of Connec- ticut avenue and Miss Mary Grady of Lincoln road were granted a H. Cense 10 marry at the municipal building in New York city Tuesday
 MT. Ryan was born in Ireland, son of Michael and Ellen Roland Ryan.
 Miss Grady who is the daughter of John and Mary Grady. was also
 born in Ireland.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
TENNESSEE BANKS BACK INSTITUTION
Promise Cooperation in Settling
 Accounts Of Concern

Nashville, Tenn. Nov. 15 (Ep - Announcement was made carly to- day that the Commerce. Union bank is taking over the Tennessee Hcrm- itage National bank" with coopera ton and financial support of the other Nashville banks"
 The announcement was signed by officials of the banks in the Nash vile clearing house, The statement said the interest of the depositors Of the Tennessee Hermitage National bank are now fully protected"
 An everchanging line of persons flowed in and out of the Tennessee Hermitage National bank yesterday and their checks on both demand and savings deposits were honored. Announcement was made a the reg ular closing hour that the bank would reopen today.
 Today's statement said the bank ing condition in Nashville is sound and it is hoped that the community at large will show it's appreciation of the act of the Commerce Union bank and the other banks by remaining calm and quiet under all these need less and unfounded rumors.'
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
EXCHANGE PASTORATES

The preacher tomorrow morning in the First Congregational church of this city will be Rev. Edward Weeks Cross, D,D., pastor of the Union Congregational church of Richmond Hill. New York city.
 pr. Cross came recently to his present charge, large and growing church in a suburban section of greater New York city from a pas torate in the northwest. He is q member of the executive committee of the National Council of Congre- gational churches, and director of the American Missionary society.
 The subject of his sermon will be The Religious Memories of the Next Generation" He comes to New Britain preaching in exchange with the pastor of First Church, Rev. Theodore A. Greene. He will also conduct the mems Bible class at the close of the morning service.
 USE HERALD CLASSIFIED ADS
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Stenogs Insist Crash
 SObered Down Bosses

Chicago. Nov. 5 {Pl-Thc stock market crash of last fall, blamed for many things. was a break" for stenographers, in the opinion of many of them.
 When paper profits were soar ing the bosses strutted about their offices like conquering gen. erals and discharged their typists for minor offenses, but since then stenogra phers say, they have quit being jaunty and, as one of them put it, actually have started get ting human"
 At least that was the verdict of the stenogra phers a reporter for the Chicago Daily News inter- viewed while they were on their way to work.
 But some of them caution. ed, don't mention our names"
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
WELL BABY CONFERENCES <

Th@ schedule for the Well BahT Conferences conducted hy the Visit ing Nurse association for the week Of November r will h" as follows,
 Monday - Benjamin Franklin school. 1:So to 800 ?. m, EXan1in- ling physician. pr. Vincent Sml,h I1:45 ?. n.: volunteer assistants, Mrs. Wm HungHrford. Mrs. John White ker. nurses in attendance, Miss Na- bel Gates, Mrs. Hattie Rochnagel Tuesday, Northend school; NoluA- tocr assistant, Miss Faye Ratton- bury: nurses in attendance. Miss Ml- ! tel Gates, Miss Irene Chadwick. Wednesday, Elihu Burritt school. l Volunteer assistants. Mrs, Lawren-a jC. Humason. Mrs, Arthur Sampson, nurses in attendance. Miss Mabel
 Gates. Miss Anna O'Connell.
 Thursday, Washington schoo' volunteer assistants. Mrs R. F.
 pritchard, Mrs, H. C. BristoII, nursez
 in attendance. Miss Mabel Gates | Miss Marie Szeteis.
 Friday, East Street school Vol
 untoer assistant. Mrs, E. NJ Hayden nurses in attendance, Miss Mabe
 Gates, Mrs, Mildred Alderman.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Advent Young Folks
 To Meet Semi-MOnthly

Reports of the convention held it New London last Saturday and Sun- day are made by Miss Mildred Hoop CT at a meeting Of the Young Peo- ple's society of the Second Advent church in the prayer room of the church last evening. Mrs. Laura Brown and Miss Viola Friedman gave joint reading on The pre- cepts of the church faith.
 Mrs. Fannie Carr and Miss Pearl Carr gave a duet. which was follow ed by fellowship gathering in the church basement. Cocoa and cakes were served.
 Similar meetings will be held twice each month to which all young folks in the city are welcome.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Bible Class Members
 Will Attend Convention

Rev. Warren H. Stewart of Yale University will address the Every mans Bible class tomorrow morn ing. His subject will be ''Following Jesus
 A delegation of local members will attend the annual convention Of the Connecticut State Federation Of Mems Bible classes to be held in Waterbury this afternoon and eve ming.
 Among those who plan to attend are President C. H. Maxon, Vice President Charles F. Robertson; Robert Van Tine, William J. Gooby and others.
 The convention will meet at the Second Congregational church.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

Let Their Celestial Concerts Unite. se from Sampson ...,..., Handel Accompaniment of organ and plano) Evening Prayer .............
 ........ pr, Melius Christianson (Wjthout accompaniment; incidental
 solo by Miss Helen smedberg, ~, mezzo soprano) Contralto solos
 I-oI sIle ''''. .''''.''.'. ....'.''.'.'' LisZf Night ,...-.-...,..... RachmaninoffT In the Boat .....-- -........ Griee Autumn ..--,..--..-,.....,. CurraR Jane sartori Futile, with MT. Hart al the piano Mems chorus M Cherubim Song ...... Bortnianshs- Virgins slumber Song. Max Reger- Ave Maria ...,..... Bach -Gounod Qncidental solo by Mrs. Eleanor
 NahIstrom. soprano) 2" Mir. Hart at the piano; Miss smed-
 berg al the organ; MT Mag -.
 nuson conducting lC44Ii AO4OS
 Romance from Concerto in D
 minor .,.,........... Wieniawski The Swan Saint -Saens Hungarian Dance No. ? .,...... v.
 .....-.. ........... Brahms Joachim
 J. George Westerman
 Mir Magnuson at the piano Mixed chorus 4 Scraphic Song ....... Rubenstein Vocal solo by Mrs Futile; violin ohligato by Mr. Westerman; Mfr, Hart at the piano; Mir Mag
 nuson at the organ. Piano solos
 NoNelette .........,.... Mcdowell Melodie ..-........... GluCk- -Sgambatf Little White Donkey ........ Ibert Blue Danube Waltz .......... .......,... Strauss-S Schulz -Evler
 Miss Lois Phelps 1 Womens chorus M List. Thou Cherubic Host, from
 the Holy City, -..-...,..... Gaul (lncidental solos by Mrs. Nahlstrom, soprano. and Robert King
 berg. baritone} Great and Marvellous are Thy
 Works from the Holy City"
 -.....-............ Gaul i tWomen's quartet; Mrs. Nahlstrom, first soprano; Miss smedberg.
 second soprano; Miss Florence p 0stlund, first alto, and Miss q Fannie Carlson. second altol 1 MT Hart at the piano
 MT. Magnuson at the organ
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Bread Tossed Family
 On HOusebOat in Bay

New York. Nov. 15 lP-New 1ork police are casting bread upon the waters.
 The marine division is deliver ing food to two unemployed fam lilies in it's jurisdiction-one Of eight members who live on a houseboat in Ghccpshead bay and the other q single man who has hls home on q Staten Island pier.
 Patrolmen Of the old slip sta ton are supplying five families who reside in small cabins on grain barges in the harbor. It's all part of the police campaign to wipe away the troubles of the jobless.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

1 of MT. and Mrs. Anthony Dlugolen-
 ski of Smith street, and Paul Oso-
 ski son of MT. and Mrs. Roman l Ososki of Thomaston. were marie 1 Tuesday morning at 7:45 o'clock at l Sacred Heart church. Rev. Joseph 1 P. David celebrated the high nup- | tial mass.
 Miss Sue Rowa attended as maid of honor and Wallace Oskulski Of | Terryville as best man. Miss An
 toinette D]ugolenski. cousin of the
 bride, and Miss Rose kulas were
 bridesmaids. The ushers were AL
 bert Dlugolenski, brother of the bride, and Henry O1oski, brother of i the bridegroom.
 The bride wore q gown of cgG- shell satin trimmed with lace and a 1 Rose Marie veil caught with gar | denias and carried bouquet of 1 roses and lilies of the valley. A
 gown of blue with hat and shoes to match was worn by the maid of 1 honor. The bridesmaids wore
 gowns of rainbow colors with hats 1 10 match and carried butterfly roses.
 About 100 guests from Thomas | ton, Terryville, Hartford and this city attended the reception held at the home Of the brides parents. Mir. and Mrs. Ososki left on a wedding
 trip to Canada and on their return will reside in Thomaston.
 Miss Ellen Stankcvich, daughter of Mr. and Mrs Michael Stankevich Of Belden street, became the bride 1 of Charles Zmyeski. son of Mir an Mrs. Charles Zmyeski of Austin street. Wednesday morning at 2
 o clock at St. Andrews church. Rev.
 Edward Y. Grikis performed the
 ceremony. During communion Mrs.
 Anna Sintau sang "Salve Regina i Jennie Stankevich, sister of the | bride, was maid of honor and Rob- l crt Zmycski. brother of the bride
 groom, was best man. The brides
 maids were Miss Agnes Dzelinski and Miss Rose Fisk. Stanley Zmy- | cski and Frank Coveliski acted as
 ushers
 The bride was attired in gown Of white satin and wore a Rose Marie veil She carried a bouquet
 of white roses and lilies of the val l ley. The maid of honor wore a Nile green gown, with hat and shoes 10 match. and carried pink tea roses.
 The bridesmaids wore pink and or | enid gowns with hats and shoes to
 match. They carried pink tea roses. A reception for friends and rela- tiyes was held at the Lithuanian | hall on Park street. MT. and Mrs, Zmyeski left on a wedding trip 70 1 New York and upon their return will reside at tho home of the bride 5 parents on Belden street.
 1 Announcement was made Monday 1 that the marriage of Miss Betty Bel man. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Isaac
 Belman of Southington, to Attorney 1 William NJ. Greenstein. son of MT. and Mrs. Samuel Greenstein of Ne" l Britain. would take place on No vember 27 at 6:30 D, m. at the En-
 manuel synagogue in Hartford. A dinner will follow al the Old Eng ! fish hall in Hartford.
 Miss Belman is graduate of the
 Lewis High school of Southingtou
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
COMPLETE PROGRAM
 0f JOINT CONCERT
Musical Event at Swedish Beth- any Church Next Thursday

The program for the most elabo- late local talent concert Of the win ter. 10 be given At Swedish Bethany church next Thursday evening by the combined chojrs and sololsts of inc church in collaboration with the New Britain Musical club was announced today,
 On the program will ho a mixed chorus and mems chorus, some half dozen vocal and instrumental sololsts, and numbers by piano and
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
DOCTORS TO RE PI WISHED

Mexico City. Nov Is LP-Doctors and surgeons found guilty of care lessness or inexperience causing the death of patient will be chased as criminals and subjected to pun ishment. under the terms Of amend ments to the penal code which a government commission is drawing
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Overnight News
By the Associated Press. Domestic

By the Associated Press
 Domestic
 Washington - Hoover forcsees treasury deficit; Shoot opposes re- newal of one per cent income tax reduction.
 Washington - Commission dls- misses United States claim to s40,- 000,000 against Germany for Kings land and Black Tom munition plant explosion.
 Los Angeles-Miss Daisy Devoe, former private secretary to Clara Bow, charged with theft of s35,00O from screen actress.
 Norton, Kans,-Fred Stanek of Iowa, wins his fourth corn husking championship. Washington - Brittcn demands Fess resign republican national chairmanship because of his dry stand.
 New York-Thomas W. Lamont says new tariff created ill-will abroad and dislocated trade. New York-F'ederal authorities arrest 1G as members of ring us- ing radio to direct movement of rum ships.
 Foreign Paris-Flying boat DO-N lands on sea, rides out night near La Rochelle on way from England to Bordeaux.
 Berlin-Einstein lectures on cause and effect before audience of young radicals,
 Bedford, England - Macdonald says government cannot agree to tax English food and raw materials to secure dominion markets.
 Stalingrad-Soviet dismisses 14 American foremen in tractor plant, charging violation of agreements
 Tokyo - Premier Hamaguchi, wounded by assassin, has good night. condition hopeful Sofia Socialists ask Premier Liaptcheff if marriage of King Boris to Princess GioNanna of Italy safeguards Orthodox religion of a royal heir.
 Sports
 New Iork-Singer loses light weight title to Canzoneri in first round
 Oakland Cal.-Templcton. Stan ford track coach charges University of Southern California gets best athletes. demands Investigation New Haven-Stevcns reengaged to coach Yale football New Iork-Harvard and Prince ton athletic authorities deny rumors of negotiations to resume football relations.
 New England Boston Brigadier General Er- land F. Fish. Brooklinc. commands 26th division, NJ. \. G., in place Of | jor General Alfred F. Foote, Hol- yoke. resigned. Boston - Unemployment commis- sion receives word that number oi banks will distribute Christmas clu5 funds earlier than Dec. l to aid un. | employment. 1 Boston - Chester J. O'Brien, dc. ! feated candidate for secretary ot state at recent elections. files appli. cation for recount in Suffolk county ! Belmont, Mass. Margaret Mar
 tell, fl, Belmont junior high schoo student who disappeared Thursday
 returns home.
 i Pittstield, Mass. General Flee <, tric company awards $1,O00,0 con struction contract to George A. Full 1 Ter company of New York.
 Williamsburg, Mass. - Mrs, Heller 1 Field James, 93, sister of late Mar shall Field of Chicago, dies. 1 East Freedom, x. H. - Melvin D 1 Gottcsfeld Of Lewiston, Me. Bates 1 college senior killed in automobile accident.
 Ludlow. Mass. nemployed march 10 meeting Of board of SC ! lectmen to protest use of stean shovels on construction jobs aimed 1 10 relieve ployment. | New London - Benjamin Cohen alias Joseph Gold, of Springfield
 Mass, held for violation of th'
 Mann act; his companion. Jean
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
Maple Hill News

The Woman's club Of Maple Hill will meet next Wednesday afternoon at 2:50 o'clock at the home of Mrs. Theodore Monier on Robbins avenue The speaker Of the afternoon will be Mrs. Robert Gadd, president of the Connecticut State Federation of Womens clubs. Mrs. Monier will be assisted by Mrs, l., B. Proudman and Mrs. Matilda Nordstrom during the social hour.
 Preceding the meeting there wiR be a sale Of fancy articles for Christmas al the home of Mrs. L. L. Harding on Robbins avenue The sale will continue after the meeting and in the evening.
 X special all day sewing meeting was held today for the benefit of the Nt winston Health association at the homo of Mrs. H. ]. Cook on Golf street.
 George C. Root observed his 95th birthday anniversary on Monday but celebrated the event at a family dinner party on Sunday at the home of his son, G. Ernest Root. on Golf street
 The Maple Hill Girl Scouts, troor 1o will hold food sale tomorrow at Bollercrs small greenhouse on Robbins avenue. The proceeds will 90 toward helping the needy fam flies in NeWineton, ..
 Miss Elizabeth Huschke. teacher at the Elm Hill school, will spend this week end with her mother in East Hampton
 Nr. and Mrs. Arthur White of Golf street left Saturday on 2, motor trip 10 California, where they will remain Lnfjl spring.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

organ combined and with both these instruments together furnishing ac- compartments for the singers.
 The soloists from the New Britain Musical club will he Miss Lois Phelps. pianist. of Plain>iue; Jane Sartorl TpttIc contralto; J. George Westerma4. Niolinist; Theron W Hart. pia1Fst, and Walter L. Mag nUson. organist, who will play to-
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

gcthcr for inc first time in public.
 Soloists from tho church will he Miss Helen Smcdborg. mcZzo-so- prano Mrs, Eleanor Nahlstrom, so- prano. and Robert klingberg bari tone.
 Committees from inc church and club, headed hy the Rev, c. j. F-rtdoen and Herbert Woods,
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

with Walter l.. Magnuson in charge Of the music. have made arrange mCnts for the concert.
 The Program
 The program as announced, which is subject 10 additions IS as follows, Organ and pia 10
 Marche Triomphale, Op A ..,
 ....,....,.,-.--,.,. Gullmant Inc Mutt 8 Lisbonne .........
 ..---.......... z. Saint Saens
 Theron W Hart. piano
 Walter L. Magnuson. organ invocation .... Rev (. ]. Fredeen Introductory remarks ...-,,,... ..-.-.-..,,..., Herbert Woods | Mixed chorus-
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

Of interest to New Britain play goers is the announcement of the coming marriage of John Breeden ao Miss Kathryn kilbourne in Santa Ana, California, the home of the bride-to-bc. MT. Breeden was the popular leading man in the New York Players Stock company and his leaving will prove disappointing to his new friends here. He left New York on Wednesday and he and Mrs. Breeden will return to the east some time after the first O. the year. The wedding will take place on Wednesday, December 10.
 Anna c. McCabc, daughter of MT and Mrs. James McCabc of Home stead avenue. and William F. Ear ncki, son of Mrs. William Zarecki Bf 127 LaWlor street, were married Monday morning at 3 o'clock at St Joseph's church in Meriden. Rev. Walter J, Lyddy pastor of the Church of Our Lady of Mount Car mel Of Meriden and formerly a cur ate at St. Mary's church. this city. performed the ceremony.
 They were attended by Miss Anna Zarecki, sister of the bridegroom Cabe, brother of the bride, as best man.
 Following a wedding trip. MT. and Mrs. Zarecki will reside at 5l Ridge wood street. They will be at home 10 friends after December l.
 Miss Veronica Mary Spurvcy daughter of MT. and Mrs. James Spurvey of Wilcox street, became the bride of John Sikorowicz, son of MT. and Mrs. John SikoroWicz of Allen street, Tuesday morning at g o'clock at St. Mary's church. Rev. John Connor officiated.
 Miss E,stelle kendzior was maid Of honor and Harold koonze was best man.
 The bride was attircd in q gown Of satin with chantilly lace veil caught with orange blossoms, Her bouquet was of white chrysanthc- nuns. The maid Of honor wore a gown of yellow moire and carried talisman roses.
 During the ceremony Miss Helen A. Duran rendered Bailey's Ave Maria" and T Love You Truly"
 Mr. and Mrs, Sikorowicz left on q wedding trip to New York and New Jersey. Upon their return they will reside on Wilcox street.
 Miss Agnes H. Backgren of Grand street and James r. Brennan Of Chestnut street were married here last Saturday by Rev. Thomas J. Laden of the Church of St. John the Evangelist. The bride was born here, the daughter of MT and Mrs Carl Backgren, and the bridegroom is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Brennan.
 Mir and Mrs. George F. Hennig Of Lafayette street announce the mar riage Of their daughter, Gladys, 70 Frank F. Schmidt of Church street.
 The marriage ceremony was per- formed at o'clock Tuesday after noon by Rev. Randolph Ray al the Little Church Around the Corner. New York city.
 The young couple were attended by Mir and Mrs. George Gutekun,t Of Staten Island, N. Y.
 MT. and Mrs. Schmidt left on an unannounced wedding trip. They will be at home 10 their many friends at 60 Cedar street after De- Cember l.
 Miss Estelle Dlugolenski, daughter
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15

Costello. 19, Springfield, held as ma terial witness Lynn, Mass. - Edward Rush. G5 returns to wife and daughters from Baltimore, Md. after 35 years ab- senCe.
New Britain herald., 1930-11-15
PLIERS LEAVE BAGDAD

Bagdad. Irak. Nov. 15 GP,-The Portuguese aViators, Cardosa and Pimentel who are flying from Lis bon to Goa, Portuguese India. ar rived here last night and left this morning for Bushire, Persia.