davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
CHINESE REBELS
MAKE GAINS

TOKYO, March "a G.NSO-
Forces operating against the Ma.
tionalist government of President
Chang Kai-Shek in China have
taken over complete contral of
the Pieping and Tientsin districts,
according to news dispatches re-
ceived here today from Shanghai.
Continuing the campaign begun
last week when they removed oil
Of Chang Kai-Shek's appointees
from the government offices in
Pieping and Tientsin, the rebel
officials have now assumed con-
tral Of the wireless communica-
tions at Pieping.
Generals commanding the Kuo-
minchun, and aided by Yen Hsl-
Shan, governor of Shansi and
Feng Yu-Hsiang, re reported TO
be moving their military forces
into strong positions along the
principal railway routes.
Little information regarding the
military plans of the Nanking
government, is available.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
POLICE IN FIGHT
KILL 4 BOYS

BUFFALO, N. Y, March "a
UN.S).-A daring gang of auto
mobile bandits were broken UP
today, police said. with the kill,
ing of four members of the ring.
The bandits, all slim youths
ranging from II to Il years old,
were slain by police Sunday in
one of the greatest bandit hunt
ing forays in the history of
Buffalo. The dead;
Walter Krajewski, 81, who had
been wanted for the killing of
o policeman six weeks ago.
Henry Piotrowski, 20, possessor
Of a police record.
Edward DombkieWicz, II.
John DzaZdzynSki, 20.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
ID. c. Day Celebrated
At Hollywood, Fla.

District Of Columbia Day" will
be celebrated at Hollywood, Fla, d,
today by the Kiwanis Club of
that city. Both the District Com
missioners and the Washington
Board Of Trade sent letters of
best wishes for the celebration
which will feature the planting
Of q tree dedicated to the Dis
trtct Of Columbia in THE Circle
Of States"
A book dealing with the history
Of the District was sent to Holly
wood KiwaniS by the local branch.
1t is expected that q number Of
members Of the local organiza-
ton now in Florida will attend
the ceremonies.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
How TO Fly
LESSON NO. 81
Of The Washington Times Flying Club
By CAPT. ROY FONKE
AeronGutic0L Engineer
AeromGutic0L Engineer

use Of the great circle course.
The shortest distance between
two points on the earth Is not q
straight line, but q. curved one.
II one were to pass a plane
through the center Of the earth.
1t would cut q great circle on
the surface Of the globe, there
fore, the shortest distance be-
tween any two points is along
the great circle line. It must be
remembered that maps are not
true representations Of the earth
and a straight line between two
points on the ordinary map does
not designate the shortest path
between these two places.
Meterology is q most interest
Ing study as well as an important
one. Perhaps the foremost man
in this country today as an au.
thority on this subject is Willis
Ray Gregg, meterologiSt Of the
United States weather bureau.
Weather Clouds, fog, rain, winds,
etc. is perhaps responsible for
most of the pilots troubles. The
successful pilot must be able to
forecast to a certain degree
weather conditions over his route
Of flight.
These subjects, most essential
to the successful aircraft pilot,
cannot be merely picked up by
the embryonic birdman. They
can only be obtained today
through the medium Of a reliable
instructor or school. Navigation
as well as the study of meterol-
ogy should be one of the first
considerations Of the student
pilot.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
Alumni Club to Visit
William and Mary

Several hundred william and
Mary College alumni. together
with members of their families
from Washington, Baltimore,
Philadelphia and New York, plan
a pilgrimage to the college dur
ing the June commencement ex-
erciSeS, it was announced
The out-of-town alumni will
meet here and make the trip to
Norfolk on the Southland of the
Washington and Norfolk Steam
boat Company.
Officers Of the local alumni
club include Major Francis S.
Key-Smith, Rear Admiral Cary T..
Grayson, DR.. Edison L. Whitney,
Charles D. Pollard, c. Dudley
Shreve and A. Paul Hines.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
So TICKET WINS
$4,000 PURSE

SAN DIEGO, Calf, March "a
UN.SO Still stunned by his
good fortune, George Fisher, for
years an underground mucker in
the mines around Butte, Mont,
today was to collect $51,750 on
the 50 he invested in the Aqua
Caliente handicap.
Fisher held the winning ticket
on Victorian in the national pool
Of the handicap which was run at
the Mexican resort yesterday.
Two months ago he bought the
ticket for So. Learning that the
horse was a favorite, he travelled
to Aqua Caliente to see the race.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24

Requirements for the success
full airplane pilot must go far
beyond that of certain physical
standards set down by the state
The pilot must have q most com.
plete knowledge of every detail
involved In his business. He
must be a first class mechanic
in order that he may be able to
repair his craft and to care ior
1t under almost any condition.
However. aside from being O
good pilot and a good mechanic,
the successful pilot must be a
successful navigator. He must
be able to read in advance to
some degree of accuracy t he
coming conditions Of weather,
which study comes under the
head Of meteorology. Meteoro-
logy and navigation go together
as a study and as applied in
every day life. We shall review
the subject Of navigation as
required Of the successful air
craft pilot Of today.
Air navigation is the science
Of directing aircraft to a pre-.
determined destination over q
desired course. However, certain
conditions must be considered
that may be necessary to modify
the route as in the matter Of
safety. Problems in air uaviga.
ton may be placed into three
main groups Of equal inlpor.
tance. Perhaps the first Is that
Of choosing the path or course
to fly. This is in most cases
done by the pilot before setting
out on flight Of any great dis
tance.
The second Of these problems
confronting the pilot is that of
maintaining the desired direction
while in the air. It must be
remembered that the air is a
vast body which enables the air
craft to fly. When the air
moves in any direction the air.
craft moves with it. Therefore,
If a pilot were to fly from Wash
ington to Chicago with very
heavy wind blowing west, it is
easy to see that the pilot would,
at the end Of a certain period Of
time required to make the flight
under normal conditions, be
moved far to the west of his
desired destination, which in this
case is Chicago.
The third of these three prob
lens to be considered by the sue
ceSsful pilot is that of ascertain
ing his geographical position at
any time. For centuries sea navi-
gators used astronomic ooserva-
tlonS for the determining of their
position when on a voyage. To
date no other successful means
has been found offering reliabil-
lty and accuracy. Radio has been
developed to enable the navigator
to determine his position on
flight as well ss have certain
types of lights to be uSea in
night flying over land. However,
daytime flying and flying over
unknown country and water Of
fers much diff ,rent type of
problem than flying over we'll.
marked courses o. short distance
flying.
When flying Letween two points
Of any considerable distance,
time and distance is saved by
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
Woman in Winchester
Gets Absolute Divorce

WINCHESTER, Va, March "a.
A decree has been entered In the
Corporation Court, granting an
absolute divorce to Mrs. Edith
Lotion on the grounds Of deser.
tion for more than three years.
She was given the right to re-
sumo her maiden name of Edith
StanholtZ. and the defendant is
required to pay the costs.
The Washington times., 1930-03-24
Purified Water More
Common Than MIX

door every day by the milkman
and grocer.
But the Importance Of water
as q food Is rarely stressed be-
cause it is so generally obtainable.
Water-borne diseases have exacted
a hideous toll which has been
paid in deaths from typhoid and
other diseases which are related
directly or indirectly to polluted
water"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23

some in action, more slow to attain
acceleration than the ordinary processes
Of everyday industry. The selection
and purchase Of SITES the fitting to-
gether Of plans involving convenience,
economy and appearance, the financing
through loans or bonds, the letting Of
many subcontractS--all these naturally
tend toward delay. Then Winter work
on foundations is more costly in North
ern climates
Now Spring is here. Frozen earth
will thAw and costs come down. Plans
are maturing. Money Is lower IN In.
plentiful. Government delays are being
overcome.
we may reasonably expect shortly
now. from all these causes, rapid en-
largement Of road building, public
works and private construction. And
the instinct for home building comes
with the urge Of Spring.
Saturation In home building must be
q variable point indeed. There are
1900 900 marriages each year. There
Is an annual increase In population
equal to 1000 new families. Each
year 100000 homes reach the end Of
their span Of hfe and are discarded.
Yet only 100000 new homes are
should this number have dropped to
500 900 new homes last year. Upsetting
the business machine? When the aspi-
ration to live in q home of one's own
becomes as strong As the desire to drive
ones own automobile, we will make
new records In home construction.
! Perhaps the growth Of that aspira-
ton win be Characteristic Of our young
people still to coma X
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Japan Changes Policy
On Radical Literature

After years of antagonism between
students In colleges and universities In
Japan and the authorities Of the min
istry Of education on the matter Of
dangerous thoughts" the latter have
announced . radical change in policy.
Hereafter the government will not frown
officially upon young men and women
who choose to study the doctrines Of
Marx and Lenin.
Students may read what they wish,
the authorities have Just announced,
and their actions will not be interfered
with unless they endeavor to put radi.
cal thoughts into practice too directly.
A high offlcial Of the ministry Of edu-
cation Is quoted Is saying that the gov
eminent has found that undue suppress
sion does not work.
Students, he is convinced, have been
driven to the reading of radical books
by the prohibition Of the government
rather than prevented from doing so. Il
Ia further announced that the govern
Ynent will sponsor q campaign Of pub
licity which will seek to increase the
public appreciation of Japan's history
and national philosophy. If this is un-
derStood correctly, the authorities feel,
all intelligent people will see at once
the impracticability Of radical doctrines
and viii be content with more rational
thinking.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Capt. Hoffman Plans
Natural Film of Zulus

Capt. Carl Won Hoffman, American
author, traveller, explorer, lecturer and
cinematoUapher, has passed through
Capetown bound for Zululand and the
Kruger National Park in search Of
more African material. 81 am going to
build up film story Of the Zulu, not
as the white man sees him but as he
u in his natural state" Capt. Hoffman
told an interviewer. "At the moment
have nothing but book knowledge Of
the Zulus. ! mean to settle down
among them and study their psychol-
ogy, vanity and hunor. Rich Ameri-
cans, tired of all the hectic excitements
that the United States can provide. are
now turning to big-garne hunting In
Africa as q sort of safety valve. Un-
fortunately for many, the chief attrac-
ton Is publicity. They love to boast of
the number Of animals they have
slaughtered and they always have
photographs ready for the newspapers.
I know one wealthy man who used
thousands of feet of Aim during a big
game expedition and gave all to a movie
company for nothing on condition that
they showed him with his rifle and put
his name on the subtitle. Women are
even keener on this sort of advertise
ment." Capt. Hoffman hopes to per-
vuade many American visitors to South
Africa to spend some time In the
Kruger National Park, Photographic
instead Of killing big game.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Rome and Ostia Linked
By Newly Lighted Drive

what may well be q record for high
speed in electrical installation has been
accomplished by workmen In setting up
1890 lamps along the Via del Mare be-
tween Rome and the popular watering
place Ostia. The complete project was
accomplished in o period Of Is days by
an army Of skilled electricians, working
under blazing Summer sun. This
latest public improvement sponsored by
the Fascist government win attract the
attention Of every visitor to the Roman
district. The main road between Rome
and OstiA Ia well paved and reserved
exclusively for autoists. and as q result
high-powered cars may be driven as fast
Is they will 60 along the 12-mile stretch.
The high-pitched country cars, pro-
uelled By mule power, which once made
motoring something Of q dihiculty, are
relegated to q secondary road running
parallel 10 the motor highway. Thanks
to the new system Of illumination which
went into operation several days ago
the Rome-O stia road now appears as q
band Of white stretching across the
darkened Campagna at night, giving Wis
ttors an unusual and striking sight such
improvements as this, instituted at no
little expense In money and labor, are
bound 70 impress upon foreigners the
progresstveness Of the Fascist pro.
gram. n
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
u. S. Debt Cut by Billions

mature on quarterly tax payment dates,
and the proceeds. generally speaking,
are left on deposit at interest with the
subscribing banks, to be withdrawn into
the Federal Reserve banks from time to
time as needed during the succeeding
quarter for the Governments current
expenditures.
Money Kept in Circulation.
when the tax payments are re-
ceived they are used to pay on, in
whole or in part, these certificates, or
notes, maturing on the same date, and
in this way transactions often involving
half a billion dollars or more on each
side are cleared through the banks in
the course Of few days without in
volving the withdrawal of these vast
sums from general circulation, even for
a single day. The Government is there
by enabled to carry on it's financial
operations with the least possible dis
turbance to the business life Of the
country"
Mr.. Mellon has been a banker most
OF his life. More than SO years ago, he
has told his friends, he began to learn
the business by taking down the shut
tiers OF his fathers bank in Pittsburgh,
and there Is not time which he now
can recall, after he left the University
Of Pittsburgh, when he did not have
some connection with banking.
But banking has not been his only
field. AS he grew in that field and lent
money to men engaged in business he
found 1t necessary to learn something
about those businesses for his own pro-
lection and that Of his banks. It is re-
lated Of him and his brother, r. B.
Mellon, that in 1873, when they were
in lumber and real estate, they Sensed
the coming Of panic In time to get out
unscathed.
Mellon Walks for Exercise.
Few men have occupied such q prom
inent Position In Washington who were
as quiet, Is unaSsuming as Mr.. Mellon.
1t might be difhcult for the ordinary
American, seeing him walking through
Lafayette Square on his way from the
Treasury to his home, to imagine that
this thin, scholarly, almost ascetic look
ing man with the melancholy eyes and
the somewhat preoccupied air, was the
possessor of one of the worlds greatest
fortunes and the head of the Treasury
Department for so many eventful years.
Mr.. Mellon Is hard worker. He sell
dom leaves his office before 6 o'clock.
Notwithstanding the fact that he is
very busy with callers who cannot be
turned away and with other matters,
no mail goes out Of the department
with his signature that he has not read
carefully and Understandings. Years
ago he played little golf now and
then or rode q horse. Now his exercise
Is walking.
Yet he does not show his age. He
might easily be taken for a man Of
SIS. His Scotch ancestry. which gave
him sound and vigorous constitution,
together with his own simple way Of
living have combined to help him re-
tain his health and alertness and flnan-
cial acumen in trying years when other
men might have succumbed to the
strain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Strong Police Force
Formed for Vatican

Although the Vatican would natu-
rally be expected to lead rather peace
ful existence, untroubled by crime waves
and violence of any kind, Camille Sera-
mi, Vatican governor, is organizing q
police department capable of coping
with any unhappy situations which may
arise. This police organization will con-
SYST OF 100 gendarmes In addition to
the chief of police and other officers,
making 1t evident that the Vatican
territory will have more guardians Of
the law per square foot than any other
state In the world. The present force,
retained from pretreaty days, numbers
only 20 men. In addition to the uni
formed force there will be q number
OF plain-clothes men to circulate with
the throngS of visitors, keeping their
eyes open for pickpockets and other
undesirables. The police headquarters,
which are now being completed, will be
furnished will all modern conveniences
Tor the apprehension Of criminals, in
Guiding o "rogues' gallery" and o lab
oratory where high-powered Hawkshaws
may practice the lntricacies Of their
art. Now all the police department
needs Is some criminals to practice on.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Continued From First Pase)

(Continued From First Page.)
been Of necessity large amounts re-
funded under court decisions or because
Of retroactive legislation. Even the
credits and Attachments allowed since
1922, of1cials point out have amounted
to less than $4,000, zoo, 900.
That, the Secretary has declared tc
be q record hard to equal. He is not
and does not take exception to honest
criticism, which he holds to be desir-
able for efficiency In government, but
he does not see the fairness of criti-
cism in such matters as this because
there Is an occasional refund of several
millions to q single taxpayer. Critics
often have neglected to state that the
taxes paid by such individuals or cor
porationS often run into the hundreds
of millions, only a small part of which
ever is refunded.
Avoids Disturbing Business.
The policy of Mr.. Mellon with re.
Spect TO the public credit has been to
carry on the financial operations OF
the Government with the least pos
sible disturbance to business or to In
dividuals. In discussing that policy re-
Gently he referred to the difficulties that
confronted the Government during the
ket had to be prepared for the hotation
Of q bond issue of only 5000, 000, 900 and
the whole operation carried through
with the greatest care.
Compare the difficulty Of that rel
atively small undertaking" he said
with the ease with which the Govern
ment's vast financial operations can be
carried on today. Last year Qe2S)
these operations involved more than
SIC, 000, 900 900. Within q 12-month
period the Government collected more
than s4,ooo,o0o, 900, chiefly from Gus.
toms duties and income taxes. It paid
out a like amount: and, in addition to
this, made provision for the third Lib
erty loan which came due In September
and amounted, at the time refunding
operations commenced, to more than S2,-
600 ,0O0, 600. The Treasury was obliged
to produce funds with which to pay OF
this loan, or else exchange part Of II
fc: other obligations bearing lower rates
of interest and coming due at some
convenient time in the future.
Reserve System Is Praised.
"It would have been difficult TO dc
this or even to carry on the Govern
ment's usual quarterly financing. with
out some such machinery as the Fed
eral Reserve system. The principal
source Of Government funds Is from
tax payments, made on quarterly tax
payment dates on the 18th of March,
June, September and December and de-
posted to the credit of the Govern
ment with the Federal Reserve banks
II these payments were permitted to
remain In the Federal Reserve banks
outside the ordinary channels Of trade
until needed for Government expendi-
ture there would be q stringency In
the money market every quarter until
the money was distributed to the COM
mercial banks Of the country.
80 what the Government does TO
avoid this situation Is to sell short
term notes, or certificates, timed to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Institute for Surgical
Research Is Planned

Establishment In Honolulu Of O great
medical and surgical research institute
il the goal discussed by several Of the
noted surgeons who were in Hawaii for
the recent pan-Pacific surgical confer
ence. The attendance at that confer
ence Of medical scientists from every
continent bordering on the Pacific en-
couraged the plan for q permanent or
ganization here devoted to research.
The nucleus has already been de-
veloped by Alexander Hume Ford, d.
rector OF the Pan-pacidc Union. There
are local medical research group and
q science group, with occasional visiting
authorities to lecture.
It Is proposed to expand these TO have
q permanent organization working on
tropical diseases and other problems OF
world interest. It Is expected that the
plans will be worked out largely by cor
respondence between groups In America
Japan, China, Australia and New Zea-
land during the next two years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23

Man is a strange animal, car
rying beneath his civilized sur
face all of the instincts Of his
savage days. One Of these in
StinctS Is the powerful yearning
to be at home with the woman
and children he loves. Another,
equally powerful, is the urge to
60 away by himself, as his saw
age ancestor went away into
the deep woods.
Foolish wives feel hurt and
resentful when this second In
stinct asserts itself. They pro-
test, break into tears, and are
generally unpleasant.
The wise wife smiles and
says, go, my darling" And
knows that the quicker he goes
the more glad he'll be to come
back.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
island Woman Who Saw
First Missionary Dies

A Hawaiian woman who remembered
the arrival Of the first missionaries
and who was among the first Is
landers baptized In the Christian faith,
far back in 1920, has Just died In
Honolulu. She was Mrs. Caroline Pepe
Kihewa Makawalei, l16 years and 10
months old at her passing. Hers was
q life Of unusual activity, and when
more than 100 years old she used fire.
quently to ride IN the sidecar of o mo-
tor cycle driven by one Of her relatives
or friends. She was baptized at the
age Of z, when the first New England
missionaries arrived by sailing ship to
begin the religious work that revolu-
tionized the islands. Mrs. Makawalei
was skilled In the use Of herbs and, up
to her last months, when she fell III,
would 60 out in her garden, gather GER
tain plants and prepare them, accord
ing to her own recipes, for medicine.
Great age among the Hawaiians is
nothing uncommon, many of them at
tanning 100, but few are living today
who are more than ITO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-23
Movement for WOmen's
Vote Gaining in Japan

The Woman's Suffrage League Of
japan observed the nth anniversary
Of its founding last month. It's origi-
nal membership was less than 100.
out has now grown to more than
1000. The organization is entering a
period OF more rapid growth than has
been experienced at any time in the
past due to the increased public sup
port. The league was formed BY q
group OF women who had the assist
ance OF politicians encouraged by the
movement which resulted In the pass
ing OF the universal manhood SUFFRAGE
law In Japan In 1925. At first, women
OF the middle and upper classes would
not associate themselves with the
league, but this early prejudice shows
signs Of giving away before the in
creastng propaganda in favor of votes
for women. They expect that within
nve or six years the womans Suffrage
movement In Japan will have become
quite Is active as was that for man
hood suffrage in the years immediately
preceding its granting.