davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
Ttaly and Rnssia.

Europe and the rest Of the world Rave
a new pclitico-dip,cmati sensation over
which 70 wag their chins. Italy and
Russia are by way of forming a trade
alliance. Maxim Lityinch. Soviet for
eign minister, has been in conference at
Milan this week with Dino Grand. who
conducts Italian foreign affairs in Mus
solini's behalf.
The result OF their pow-wow, as some
what plcturesquely put in an Associated
Press dispatch from Rome. is that
Fascist Italy and Communist Russia,
marching hand in hand to new interna-
tional commercial heights by combi-
nation OF vast supplies of raw ma
terials with modern manufacturing
machinery" are about to pool their in
terests for mutual benefit. Russia is
tc take sio,o00oo0 worth Of Italian
manufactured goods IN la3o-3', and
italy ls 10 purchase big ccrsignments
ct Russian oil. The exchange a. COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
American Folk Songs.

The Library of Congress is engaged
IN the collection and study of American
folk songs. The project has an i'm
portance far greater than may appear
on the surface, for the folk Song-Which
has sprung spontaneously into existence
without any specific author-sf1ords a
gateway 10 broad road OF psyche
logical analysis into the emotional life
of the past Such q road leads through
folds of history which otherwise are
impepetrsble
Tn use another igure of speech. thu
personality Of people might he likened
10 musical instrument upon which
generations and classes play the same
basic tune with infinite emotional varia-
tions. Humor. pathos, obscenity, long
ing, bitterness, piety and hatred may
characterize the same folk song in its
multitudinOIs variations. One day the
folk song may be The expression Of
religious intensity. The next dav II NAV
express the hatred and the filth Of war.
A little later and II will be found varied
to serve ss an emotional outlet for
migrating psop.e, II springs from the
very roo-S Of history-tl1e mass feelings
Of popula lions
The old hyn1nals and singing school
books In the Library OF Congress con-
tain a vast wealth OF material which
the muse of history has passed by
arg ly because the Interpretation re-
quires specialized knowledge and
technique which historians have not
possessed. The gold does not lie on the
surface. II can be found only by tire
less digging. This is the method OF
approach used by Dr.. r. w. Gordon, the
expert who is in charge of the work.
Mr.. Gordon's method is TO treat each
folk song effectively as a scientific
specimen and then 10 follow uncorn-
promisingly where the way leads II
may go through shattered traditions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

It is difficuit to prove the pernicious-
ness of this kind of sprinkling. because
little water, undoubtedly, is better
than none at all. especially in an or
binary season, when rains help out
every week or so.
Any one with q knack for observa-
ton, however. can prove to himself
that such light sprinkling is by no
means as good as a real watering of a
lawn. flowers or vegetables
A soaking occasionally is better from
all standpoints than a light, inadequate
sprinkling, and every one who has
worked even SO little as year in a
garden knows it.
Cutting bold beds in lawns is another
mistake.
here again one may counter with the
question. who says SOP"
Well, all the experts" say so, for one
thing, and they are authorities, not be-
cause they say they are, but because
they are.
1t is the almost universal Judgment
of men and women who have devoted
their lives to gardening that big beds
have their proper place in parks, and
not in the small home grounds.
Yet the first thing most people do
when they move into a new home is to
cut a big bed right smack-dab in the
center of the lawn.
The next thing they do is to heap up
the earth in 1t.
All wrong, dear friends! The experts
say so.
Spottng shrubs and evergreens around
front lawn is another mistake you
see on a thousand lawns. Lilacs and
all sorts of things are set down at
random, with no idea of why they were
put there, or what they are doing there.
To the garden minded they are a
perpetual worry because they have no
relation to the garden as a thing, as
a work of art, as q creation of mind
and hand.
Perhaps those who do not worry
about such things are better off, We do
not know; but if one is sensitive to the
shrub placed without rhyme or reason,
he will forever dislike to see haphazard
paintings.
Rightly considered, according to the
dictates of modern landScaping, the
shrub has little place on the front lawn,
except. perhaps, at the extreme sides of
the composition, close to the common
sidewalk.
Forgetting the lines of garden, both
in the horizontal and vertical planes, is
another very common error.
This accounts for long rows of plants
so placed in relation to the garden and
house that the latter sometimes is made
to appear too tall
1t also accounts for lack of some
thing in garden felt by most OBJ
servers, but seldom pinned down by
them to the absence of proper height in
the background.
Tall shrubs or tree, a pergola or
tea house will obviate this sense of lack.
These failings, ranging from the seri-
Gus to the not so serious, are partly
physiological, partly psychological Per-
haps no two persons will agree on all
Of them, but all will agree on some of
them or a few of them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
Our Inadequate Army.

When a soldier Of the sanity and
ability Of Gen. Charles P. Summerall,
who has just retired as chief of staff,
tells the country that the United States
Army is hopelessly-and almost help
essly-undersized food for thought is
provided on theme the Importance of
which cannot possibly be overestimated.
In farewell statement, which is in
corporsted in the annual report about
to be submitted to Congress by the
Secretary of War, Gen. Summerall
charges that our military establishment
has been cut and SlsShed by recurring
budgetary reductions to a point where,
in case of emergency, the United States
is no longer in position to facilitate
a general mobilization
Basking as the American people are
accustomed TO do, in the supposedly
eternal sunshine of peace, the average
citizen gives small heed to the gravity
of an authentic assertion like this. AS
a matter of fact, it bristles with serious
ness and national peril.
Speaking directly of the Regular
Army, Gen. Summer all says:
When the personnel required by
the overhead of the Army of the
United States, by the service schools,
for duty with the civilian COM
ponentS and for overseas garrisons.
is subtracted frcm the total strength
of the Regular A my in the Cent?
mental United States there remains
a force of 53,954 mobile troops and
1884 Coast Artillery for the develop
ment of all elements of the several
components of our forces. Regarded
solely from the viewpoint Of its
suficiency to serve as an agency for
facilitating a general mobilization,
the foregoing review of our present
military activity is sufficient TO
demonstrate that the strength of
the Regular Army is entirely in
adequate.
1t Is Gen. Summeralls opinion. based
on recent and exhaustive studies under
taken by the General STAFF in an effort
to effect wise retrenchments in Army
costs, that the Regular Army requires
total strength of 1875 900 men. If
we are to have such a strength it will
be necessary 10 provide for an increase
of 46.25O men.
The late chief of STATS facts and
figures are worthy of the prompt and
painstaking attention of Congress. Mill
tary unprepsi edness has been the
Nations besetting sin ever since the
foundation of the Republic. The present
state of unrest throughout the world
does not suggest that this is the time
for the United States to persist in
remaining chronically unready for the
incalculable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
Reckless Driving a Crime.

There are degrees of reckless driving
indicated by the range of prescribed
penalties. For the first offense the
punishment ranges from a fine of not
less than twenty-five dollars and more
than 500, or Imprisonment of not less
than ten days and not more than
thirty days. For the second offense a
fine of not less than $LO0 and not more
than $1,000 and Imprisonment of from
thirty days to one year are mandatory.
In recognizing the serious nature of the
offense of reckless driving as coming
within the scope of those which entitle
the defendant to trial by jury, the
United States Supreme Court has GER
tainly expressed the proper, as we'll as
the popular view. A sane man who
dashes through crowd with a blazing
revolver in his hand is no more culpab BILE
than the man who sends two or three
thousand pounds Of steel, wood and
glass dashing through modern street
traffic. The Supreme Court opinion,
which upholds the Court of Appeals as
against the contention of the District
that reckless driving was a petty Of
Tense not requiring trial by jury, should
be beneficial to law enforcement.
The District was probably more in
terested in expediency and the CLASH
ficatipn of the status of the offense than
anything else when it appealed the case.
Jury trials naturally add to congested
court dockets. They require more time
than trial by judge, and the chance
for conviction by jury depends more
upon the nature of the particular Of
Tense than upon the charge. In seek
ing the courts view of reckless driving,
the municipality was anxious to have
full authority to emphasize the serious
nature of this offense, as distinct and
apart from mere traffic law violations.
The police should now exercise
extraordinary care in preferring the
charge Of reckless driving. 1t should
not be made to cover, as is obviously
done at present, fragrant cases Of ex-
cessive speeding. 1t should be reserved
as serious charge amply justified by
the evidence, and the punishment should
be regarded as certain. If there are
mitigating circumstances the range of
prescribed penalties should enable the
government prosecutors to offer the de-
PENDANT the chance of receiving a less
drastic punishment If he valves jury
trial. In other cases the prosecutors
should insist upon the maximum pun
ishment allowable under the law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

What are the half dozen commonest
mistakes of the amateur gardener?
This would seem to be a good time
of the year to consider them. because
both experienced and inexperienced
workers with the soil have nothing else
TO do.
Except for the fine frenzy of raking
and burning leaves, sort of mania
with some persons, the garden work is
done for the year
Now remains only the fireSide gar
dening of January and February, after
the seed catalogues have come in, with
their enticing colored pictures and the
seduction of the novelties" which were
new a quarter of century ago.
One may consider with profit the six
ordinary mistakes which the newcomers
to the garden world make in all good
faith.
The first and commonsSt of them is
to heap up the earth in borders. In
beds, and around the base of shrubs
and roses.
This makes them look so nice!
Also 1t causes all the water to run
off, whether applied by Dame Nature
or the gardener with a hose.
But We never thought of that"
No, one doesn't.
the garden perhaps, than anywhere
else.
1t seems never to occur to inexpe-
rienced gardeners that convex bed
will shed water, whereas a fat one. or
a concave one, will permit the water
falling around the plants to go directly
down TO the roots.
This mistake comes about, no doubt,
from the association of vegetable gar
denng and Towering gardening in the
amateur mind.
The hill is all right, with vegetables.
because they mostly are planted in
ross, rather close together.
The rain which falls sinks down in
the cutters formed by the hills or rows,
and is close enough to the roots to be
sopped up by them.
When We get into the back yard.
however, We seldom plant flowers in
neat rows, row on row. despite the
legendary garden of Mary, Mary, quite
contrary.
If you plant your rosebushes down
either side OF the front walk (Which
Is rather poor place for them, after
all, since roSebuSheS. as bushes, are not
very ornamental, but are rather scrag-
gly), do not heap up the earth in a
neat, long mound.
The bushes will grow, of course, for
the good and simple reason, as Tar
kingdoms Penrod says, that roses are
verltable camelS of the plant world.
RoSebusheS and privetS Wed for
drought honors last Summer These
plants can stand anything-eyen hill
ing.
Another fairly common error of the
Il a. ~
He turns on the hose, enjoys the
sound OF the fine spray, and puts on
about six gallons, at the most, before
he is tired.
Th0 neighbours invitation to Join
a poker party, or go to the miniature
golf links, lures him away from his
Self-appointed task
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Word Of Thanks.

Word of Thanks.
The turkey bird with naughty stride
Has been ridiculous with pride.
His plumage gay dash would cut.
We fed him as We saw him strut.
In giving thanks let us not prize
Only the goodness of the wise;
For thsy who lived for self alone
And claimed all splendor for their own
Have been compelled to heed the call
OF carvers, in the banquet hall.
The turkey bird, had he more sense,
Would hide his beauty so intense
And when Thanksgiving day comes
Would stay where he could not BIZ
found.
Let US not only hold esteem
For those whose minds can swiftly
scheme.
But also let's appreciate
These who in vanity will wait
Until they show in sudden stress
Some unexpected usefulness.
So, as our gratitude is heard,
BE thankful for the turkey bird.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
Women on Juries.

The tedious process involved in the
selection of jury in the ?. H Smith
Co. case emphasizes the common sense
view that has been taken in this juris-
diction regarding the service of woman
jurors. The many women who asked
tn be and were relieved from jury
service on the plea of domestic duties
involving the care of little children at
home, as well as the proper stufhng Of
the turkey. were amply justified, not
only in the eyes of the court, but in
public opinion as well. The nature Of
these pleas sheds light on the wisdom
of not making jury service by women
obligatory, in The sense that it is now
obligatory by men.
Women have added tn the tone" Of
local iuries. according IN the gentlemen
Of the bar, as well as to their jntelli-
sence. Some Of them are embsrrsSs-
ingly sot In their WAYS" as more than
one good lawyer has found, but they
are as capable ri forming sound opin-
ION as the more experienced male.
Their acquisition has been valuable.
But. leaving aside the debatsble and
dangerous question whether womsnS
plsce is really in the home. no one can
contest the fact that when she SAYS
the children or the turkey demand
her attAntions-the matter ENDS there.
Courts and the dispensation OF Justice;
the State and its perplexing affairs;
the world and the Test of the universe
all these things can somehow manage
To take care of themselves without her
gentle hands. II she feels the children
need them more
The desirable state of AFFAIR." IL vol
untary jury service nv women. but
plsnty Of volunteers. and their recog-
milton Of Jury service as a high privi-
lege and not as novelty that soon
grows tiresome
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

Thousands of Government experts
are working constantly for the benefit
of all citizens of the United States.
They will work directly for you If you
will call for the fruits of their labors
through our Washington bureau. State
your inquiry briefly, write clearly and,
lnclosing 2-cent stamp for personal
letter in reply. address The Evening
Star Information Bureau, Frederic j.
Haskin, director, Washington, d. G.
@. Is Adalia a Bible Nance. II.
A. Adaha will be found in Esther,
ix.S.
@. Please give a short biography of
Dorothy Arzner, the moving picture
director.-R. N.
A. Miss Arzner was born in San
Francisco; attended the Westlake School
in Los Angeles and the University OF
Southern California. During the war
she enlisted as an ambulance driver
and saw active service in Los Angeles
and New York. After the armiStice
she became a script typist with William
De Mile. Subsequently she became a
film cutter, scenario. continuity and
free Lance writer. Her first work as a
director was Fashions for Women"
Since that picture she has directed Ten
Modern Commandments" Get Your
Man" Manhattan Cocktail" THE
Wild Party" and Sarah and Son"
Her next picture will be Strictly Bust
ness" with Claudette Colbert and
Fredric March.
@. What rare chemical element is
necessary for the growth of teeth?-
S. w.
A. Fluorine. 1t is poisonous, in
tensely corrosive gas. In its pure form
it destroys all living matter. yet very
little of it, in chemical combination, is
believed to be necessary for the growth
of the enamel on our teeth.
@. Who received the Nobel award for
medIcine?-B. L.
A. The Nobel prize for medicine was
awarded to DR.. Karl LandSteiner, emil
nent bacteriologist and pathologiSt, a
member of the Rockefeller Institute Of
Medical Research.
Q. How many murders a day are
committed in the United States?- K.
A. According to a report by j. Edgar
Hoover, director of the Bureau of In
veStigation of the Department of Justice
the average number of murders has
risen from three a day at the beginning
OF the year 10 nearly AVe day IN Sep
TENDER. This report is based on returns
from SO cities with population of
100000 or more.
Q. Are country children healthier
than city-bred children?-W. C.
A. Recent surveys have shown that
rural school children have from y to
20 per cent more physical defects than
city school children.
@. How many dry beans are produced
yearly in the United States? What
States lead in production?-E. A. M
A. The United States produces ap-
proximately 100000 bushels of dry
beans a year on about 100000 acres.
Michigan and California led in produc-
ton last year, with 5000, 900 and $780,
600 bushels, respectively.
@. What are the names of some of
the large Texas ranches?-B. M.
A. The Rancho de la PARA, which
lies between Corpus Christi and Browns
vile, consists of 100000 acres. Adioin-
ing it to the west is the King Ranch
Of over million acres. This is the
largest ranch in Texas The JAS is
approximately 100000 acres in extent
and from $4,000 to 10000 head of Here
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

ford cattle Craze its lands Among the
other famous ranches are O'Connor's.
spurs, $685., Figure rs and Matadors.
Q. What universities have the largest
enrollmentS in their schools of avia-
I tion?-E. D. s.
/ A. According to the Aircraft Year
Book Tor 1880 the Daniel Guggenheiu
School of Aeronautics at New YORK
I University reported the largest ENROLL
! ment in the country for the FIRST semes-
ter of the l92930 academic year. with
346 students registered in the four-vear
course. leading to B. S. degree. or the
one-year posi- graduate course leading
to degree in aeronautical engineer
ing. Massachusetts Institute OF Tech
nology reported the second largest en-
rollment, with 247 students.
Q. How many feeble-minded per-
sons are there in the United Statcs?--
G. r.
A. Special estimates place the MN.
Der of persons in the United Stats
who are mentally defective feeble
minded, imbeciles and idiots) at over
100000.
@. Can tourists still view Canlso,s
body? Is It true that his clothes are
changed periodically?-N. c.
A. The sarcophagus at Naples in
which the artist lies is now hermetical-
! ly closed and new and strict orders
govern visits to the chapel. Only with
the consent of the family can the lid
be removed. Formerly the coffin closed
with crystal lid and removable panel
in the Sarcophagus allowed visitors to
see the body. The clothes are changed
at intervals because the material de-
Gays. On the ninth anniversary this
year it was necessary to change the
shoes on account of the rusting Of tacks
in the soles.
@. What is the distance by steamer
from San Francisco TO Liverpool
M. e.
A. The steamship distance from San
Francisco to Liverpool Is 1924 statute
miles.
@. How many daily newspapers are
there in France?-D. f. r.
A. The latest figures available give
France 2o2 daily newspapers.
@. When was the first foot ball game
played between the East and the West?
j. w.
A. 1t was played in San Francisco,
between Chicago and Stanford, on
Christmas day, 1894. Two days later Q
return game was played in Los An
geles. The second occasion was on
Christmas day, 1899, between Carlisle
Indians and the University of Cali
fornia.
@. What is the per capita consump-
ton of coffee in the United States?-
c. M
A. 1t is estimated at over q pounds
average per capita consumption.
O. What is a geniuS?-L. d. 3.
A. One authority defines the word
genius" as meaning the highest con-
ceivable form of original ability. some
thing altogether extraordinary and be-
yond even supreme educational proves.
and differing in kind. apparently. from
talent, which is usually distinguished as
marked intellectual capacity, short only
of the inexplicable and unique endow-
ment to which the term genius" Is con-
fined.
@. Is there law in England which
prevents man from marrying his dead
wife's sister-C. D.
A. The English law prohibiting the
marriage OF man with his deceased
wife's sister was repealed by act of
Parliament in 1888
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

dear to the heart Of the present, but
that is the way of scientific study.
After all, there is a cloud of unreality
about history. Seldom has the past
been made to live. The heroes and the
plain folks of country's yesterdays
are not quite human beings as We know
them. This is largely because history,
as a science, has had very inadequate
technique for penetrating to the pri-
mary sources of action-the emotions
1t is because We share in the emotional
life of the present that the history of
the present seems too real to us. The
folk song opens a way into this funda-
menal reality of the past. Mr. Cor
don is a pioneer explorer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

The only incidental relief to the high
cost of living is the occasional slash
ing of taxicab rates. And even in this
connection the patron is likely to be
told by the doctor that he ought to
walk for the sake of the exercise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27
Line Forms at Right.

From the Shreveport journal.
A magazine writer says that ANY
American girl with $4,000 year in her
nTn right can marry the best there is
In EUROPE And that isn't all the
story hy any means. Any Amer
ican girl With that much money can
take her pick right hers In the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

Buying will relieve conditions, as
sistinR all kinds of workmanship. The
old call Of the season. Shop carly"
comes sooner than usual and with
greater emphasis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

The only consolation that ran be
drawn from japanese earthquake news
is that it makes for world sympath
and has nothing 10 do with world
politics
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

Gasoline bandits are content with
possibly, of accommodating enough to
take a hand in the oil game in big
finance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

The city man who used to think
The farmer was a joke
Now sees his purse so swiftly shrink
That he has soon gone broke.
He says that as the prices range
He finds the simple corner store
As p,Izz'ing as the Stock Exchange
That keeps him guessing. more and
more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

0uarrels with old political friends
evidently cause Prince Carol no great
regret princely figure in that region
must cultivate repose of manner with
out expecting serenity of soul.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-11-27

Did YOU ever meet a racketeer?"
only once" answered Senator Sor-
ghum. He made threats about defeat
ing me for election"
Weren't you terrined?"
eyes. But fortunately my associates
decided TO do nothing in the matter.
They saw no possible advantage in try
ing 10 organize a rscketeer vote Of our
own"