Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-15

IL mas Deen aple nnalIy 10 TURN Cne tloe
of constantly increasing naval arms and
to end the poison of suspicion and Ill
will generated by constant rivalry IN
construction.
Now Stronger in Defense.
1--WE have been able to create a situa-
ton where there Is neither inferiority
nor superiority in the naval strength of
the United States. This Is consonant
with the pact We have solemnly entered
by which we have pledged ourselves to
use our arms solely for defense. We
ere stronger in defense as result of
the conference. It is an accomplish
ment that believe will appeal to the
moral and spiritual sense OF the Ameri-
can people. Through this agreement
we have strengthened the forces of
peace. It Is an accomplishment that
has great material advantages to all its
participants, but / prefer to have 1t
judged on the far higher grounds of its
contribution to the moral and spiritual
welfare of our people and the world,
for in the long run those are the
grounds on which we and all the world
must depend for progress.
The great road to peace indeed lies
in the prevention OF war. The con-
Struction and maintenance of this road
require JuSI dS HluSI lllUclcSL AIlU ucFO-
ton as the maintenance Of defense.
The first principle in prevention of war
is to guide our national conduct in jus
tlce, consideration and kindlineSS to
other nations SO as to give no justified
cause for i'll will or suspicion. War
arises from a state of fear, a sense Of
injustice and an Ill will which culmi-
mates in uncomfortable national pas
sionS There are ever present In the
world the causes of friction. The far
flung exchange of citizens and their
property throughout the world gives
hourly birth to large and small con-
troversies; beyond this our generation
has inherited a multitude of conflict
ing interests from OF old. These con-
troverSieS are Of many different types:
they require diStinctively different
methods and agencies Of settlement.
The practical program OF the work of
peace Is to develop and create appropri-
ate agencies for regular methodical dis
poSal and solution of these controversies
so as to assure Justice and avoid arouS
ing of national emotions
"All civilized nations have developed
great skill and experience in their for
eign Offices whose will and purpose in
tude Of these daily incidents without
friction. We have need steadily to ex-
pand their machinery and method.
Arbitration Gains Favor.
1.-THE world has greatly advanced the
method of arbitration by scores Of trea-
ties; 1t has by such instances as the
Bolivia Paraguay dispute advanced the
method Of independent inquiry into fact
in cooperation with the parties. and by
such instances as the Tacna africa con-
hoUa adUonpad tho method nf
Cancellation. The difficulties in the in
stance of the Chinese Russian dispute
show the clear need of some method
of mobilization of public opinion against
the violation Of the kellogg pact. BY
international conference on specific
questions, such as disarmament. We
have advanced the method Of Coop
Grafton in settlement of old standing
dangers.
Through precedent and treaty the
world is building every year a larger
and larger body of international law
and practice. Statesmen over a gen.
Grafton have realized that with this
growth of international law and prece-
dent another method can be contrib
uted to the pacific settlement of vast
number of incidental controversies OF
juSticiable character If the world had
an international court to which such
cases could be referred for adequate
hearing and independent decision based
upon law and justice.
such a court-the World Court-has
been established at The Hague with the
aid of American jurists. 1t has been
accepted by 80 per cent OF the civilized
people of the earth. 1t is established
and no other court is practicable. 1t
has demonstrated the highest integrity
and capacity. and the continuance Of
these qualities Is assured. 1t has al
ready settled a great number Of contro-
verSies. It is only one. but an impor-
tant one, of the six or seven methods OF
securing pacific settlements. and thus a
contribution to the prevention Of war.
Adherence to that court by the United
States has been earnestly recommended
by every one of our Presidents and
every one of our Secretaries Of State
living since its inception. No one can
challenge the patriotism of these 10
men, nor the ripe wisdom which is
theirs from having borne the actual
burden of responsibility for our foreign
relations. They have found no en-
tanglement or limitation of the indie
pendence of the United States by safe
guarded membership in 1t.
Hopes U. S. VIII Join Court.
"And in all the discussions as to par
ticipation of the United States in this
court there are few persons who do not
agree as to the desirability and neces-
sity of such court as one of the addi-
tons to our methods Of pacific settle
mentS. The contention on this question
rests upon the details of special stipu-
lationS under which we should join. II
is not my purpose to go into these con-
tentionS here. I have no doubt they
can be solved and that the United
States will become a member of the
court
Mankind has within the past decade
given more earnest thought to and
made more constructive effort and prog
reSs toward the elimination of war than
In all previous periods of history. In
the broader field of our relation to
these many methods to prevent war we
have during the past few years partici-
pated in an increasing number of inter-
national discussions, consultations and
conferences, arbitrations and inquiries
all of which represents progress ir
organizing the world for peace. We
shall continue to do so where any
important purpose is to be accom-
plished And in our cooperation to
maintain peace there is one broad pol
icy which wish to emphasize.
Our role in cooperation is different
from that of the nations of Europe
That difference rises not only from our
geographical setting, but from the ma
ture Of the maximum contribution we
can render to peace. The nations OF
Europe, surrounded as they are by dan
gers and problems of which we in the
Western Hemisphere have but little ap-
probation, and beset by inherited fears
hold to the view that aside from the
World Court the pacific settlement OF
controversies and the maintenance OF
peace should be backed by potential