davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-02
REECE SHOALS LEASE
PLAN GETS APPROVAL.
House Military Committee OK. s
Proposal for Operation by
Private Corporations.

BY the Associated Press.
The House military committee yester-
day approved the Reece plan to provide
for the leasing of Muscle Shoals to
private corporations and made plans
to seek early House action.
The committee practically has COM
pleted the draft of a report to the
House urging adoption of the Reece
plan. 1t is to be submitted in a few
days and special legislative preference
will be requested.
Representative Reece, Republican. Of
Tennessee said the measure undoubt-
eddy would meet executive approval,
since it was along the lines suggested
by President Hoover in his annual mes
sage to Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-02

Efforts are being made to teach thrift
among the native cocoa growers OF the
gold coast in Africa who usually are
in debt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-02

Germany's foreign trade last year was
the greatest since the World War.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-08
CoNoco's Superiority Was Proven
Under AAA Supervision

Lubricity means slipperiness, smooshaAs and
lower co-efioent of friction, as compa1to another
oil The Extra Lubricity of CONeCO'S Germ
Processed oils Is due to its am ling ability to
penetrate metal surfaces! Thus believe Germ.
Processed oil brings a lubriay. minimum Of
friction to your motor beoa5se it becomes a part
of the motor metal.
CONOCO gives you he4 The Pixies Peak Tests
reveal that your automobile motor can last longer
=. that your operating expenses can be loweredl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-08
Send for Free Booklet

IMPORTANT: Send for the Booklet,
"Piks5 Peak Tests Confirm C0NOCO's
Cballengt" which gives a detailed
narrative of these tests with illumi-
mating charts and photographs. Address,
Continental Oil Company, Ponca City.
Oklahoma.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-08
Motor Parts Were Measured After
Each Oil Was Tried .

wear with the other oils, showed Q
decrease In wear in favor Of CONOCO
Germ rocessed oils of 76.4%.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-05-08

Now be tod. .e~e story motor oil merrill For this test
representative oils in competition! daring thing for CONOCC
confidence Confidence based THE nowproeen advantages Of G
oils. These brought about MOTOR oils wb should a0ee
book of every ssotorid Facts 1cbi believe should force
Germ:Proeeed Motor Oils BY every reader Of message
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
CARRIER WILL REVIEW
HISTORY OF AVIATION
Smithsonian Curator Will Address
Glider Club at Meeting
Tuesday Night.

Paul CARRIER, curator Of aeronautics
at the Smithsonian Institution and sec
rotary of the Washington Glider Club,
will speak on the history Of aviation at
meeting of the District of Columbia
Air Legion at o'clock Tuesday night
in the legion headquarters, room Til
International Building, 1919 r street.
The legion will have as its guests men,
bers of the Washington Glider Club
and others interested in aviation.
Following Mr.. CARRIERS lecture the le-
gion will hold a business meeting to
consider changes in the bylaws, in
GLIDING a plan for Junior memberships
and an article providing for honorary
an@ life memberships. It Is expected
that each member who obtains his lin
tied commercial pilots license while
flying with the legion will be granted an
active life membership.
Preliminary organization work for
the creation of a glider unit of the le-
gion has been completed by special
committee headed by T. j. Waggy and
q site has been selected near the Hybla
Valley Airport, just below Alexandria,
Va. for primary gliding instruction. APP
plication for a charter has been made
to the National Glider Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
BALTIMORE TAKES
1929 AIRCRAFT LEAD
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, Md, January IL
Results achieved last year have def
nitely given Baltimore q leading po-
sition among Eastern seaboard cities in
aircraft development, with reasonable
indications that this promising start
will be further augmented in the
future" H. Findlay French. director Of
the Industrial Bureau of the Association
The report continues:
THE year 1929 will take its place in
the industrial history of Baltimore as
here made a most substantial start
1T is somewhat difficult to realize
that IL months ago, construction had
not begun upon q single large aircraft
plant or airport in Baltimore. Then, in
swift succession. plants for the Glenn l..
Martin Co., the largest in the world;
Berliner-Joyce Aircraft Corporation and
the Curtiss-Caproni Corporation were
begun: the municipal and the Curtiss
airports were started
Before the year was ended, the first
unit of the Martin plant was completed
and in production; the Berliner-Joyce
factory was finished and an addition
made, while the 5-acre plant of the
Curtiss-C aproni Corporation will begin
operation early this coming Spring.
During this time a total of ten mil
lion dollars was invested in various en-
terprises connected with air transporta-
tion while contemplated expansions Of
projects already under way involve
many additional millions"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
BOOSTED FUNDS FOR ARMY
AIR CORPS ROUSES ACTIVITY
National Capital to Benefit Directly, With
Specific Sum Allotted for New
Flying Field.

shortage will include seven lombard
ment. five attack, "a observation and
40 cargo or transport airplanes.
Present Equipment Old.
The lighter than-air appropriations
provide for one non-rigid airship and
envelope, one observation balloon, four
barrage balloons and accessories. No
equipment of this sort has been pur-
chased for several years, and much Of
the equipment remaining Is unservice-
able because Of age.
The bill includes $3,0l0,2IS for con-
struction work at Air Corps fields, as
an installment of q construction PROD
gram estimated to cost $4,000, 900. Oh
which $9,1S1 .315 has been appropriated
The DILL does not provide funds td
bring the Air Corps personnel up to full
strength, as authorized by the five-yeat
program, because, as the committed
pointed out In its report, the shortage of
available equipment would prevent
active employment Of the full strength.
Personnel Too Large.
In the hearings conducted by the ap-
preparations subcommittee on the bill,
Maj Gen. James e. Fechet, chief of the
Army Air Corps, told the committee
that the fve-year program. even though
carried out In full, will not result in q
well balanced and efficient Air Corps.
He pointed out that the original plan
called for 1900 airplanes and an organ
ization in proportion. The number Of
airplanes was cut to 1900 by Congress,
he said. but the rest of the program
was not reduced in proportion. This
means, he said, that the personnel al
lotmentS under the bill are more than
the Air Corps can train and equip with
the airplanes provided
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
AIR TRAVEL PLACED
UNDER LICENSE LAW

Twenty States now require. Federal
licenses for all aircraft and pilots, while
others place stringent local safeguards
around flying, according to statement
made by George Z. Keneipp manager
of the District of Columbia division
of the American Automobile Association.
based upon a report from the newly
organized air travel division.
I'm addition" said Keneipp, eight
States require Federal licenses for air.
craft and airmen engaged in commercial
flying, six require either State or Fed
eral licenses for all aircraft and airmen,
while six require State licenses. Nine
States require no licenses whatever
THE states requiring Federal IL
censes for both planes and pilots are
Arizona, California. Delaware, Idaho,
Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Mississippi,
Missouri Except solely for pleasure) :,
Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North
Dakota. Rhode Island. South Dakota,
Texas, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin
and wyoming.
Those requiring Federal licenses for
all planes and pilots engaged in COM
mercial flying are Colorado, District Of
Columbia, Illinois New Jersey, New
York. North Carolina, Ohio and West
Virginia.
States requiring either State or
Federal licenses for all aircraft and
New Hampshire, Oregon and Virginia.
State licenses are required in Ar
kansas. Connecticut. Florida, Kansas
Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania.
Those which as yet require no Ii
cenSeS are Alabama, Georgia, Ken
lucky, Louisiana, Nevada, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee and Utah."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12

Increased appropriations for the Army
Air Corps for the coming fiscal year.
as carried In the War Department ap-
preparations bill when reported to the
House this week by the appropriations
committee, will provide for the full
increment of planes in the fourth year
of the five-year program, VIII revive
lighter-than-air development, and Will
provide for important construction
projects at Air Corps fields, according
to the House committees report.
The National Capital will beneit d.
rectly from the bill through an item OF
S666,0O0 authorized for the purchase OF
a site for q new Air Corps flying ned
to repace Boiling Field. The site to be
purchased is located on the high. nat
ground to the south Of and adjoining
Boiling Field.
Plan Permanent Hangers.
It is proposed to construct permanent
hangers and buildings of the most
modern type on the higher ground
and eventually to abandon the present
temporary Army development at Boil
ing Field and turn over the field to the
Anacostia Naval Air Station.
The bill as reported to the House
carried total Of $35, 1884 specifically
for the Air Corps, representing an in
crease of $1,132.688 over the amount
available for 1890.
Funds are authorized for the purchase
of 443 airplaneS for the Air Corps and
81 planes for the National Guard. This,
though representing the 1881 increment
under the five-year program, will, be-
cause of previous failure to maintain
the program schedule, result in the
estimated shortage of SIS airplanes at
the end of the next fiscal year. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
WOMEN IN MARYLAND
URGE FLYING INTEREST

Special Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, January IA cam
paign for increased membership of their
club and greater interest in aviation
among their sex has been inaugurated
by the Women's Flying CLUB OF Mary
land.
1--WE want every woman In Maryland
interested In aviation by the end of
this year" said Miss Sophie Spieker,
local aviatrix and president of the club
There is no reason why womeE
shouldn't have just as big part in
the industry as the men, and it Is the
purpose of this club to see that air.
mindedness is created among our sex.
We also want to aid the aviation in
dustry In general"
The club was formed only few weeks
ago and has Is charter members, as
well as several other members who have
joined recently,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
CUT AIRMAIL RATES
TO LATIN AMERICA

General reduction Of airmail rates to
Central America, South America and
the West Indies became effective dur
ing the week as q result of the in
creased volume of this mail and the
Importance which is attached to the
development of this service.
The reductions amount to as much as
10 to Is cents per ounce to some OF the
countries served. In view of the grow
ing economic relations between the
United States and Latin America, the
reductions are expected to be Of great
value in promoting trade between the
countries.
The new schedule Of rates is as
follows: Argentina. 55c. a half ounce;
Bahamas. &C.; Barbados, 20c.; Bolivia,
40c.; Chile. Soc; Colombia, Soc; Costa
Rica, zoe; Cuba, &C.; Dominican Re-
public, 10c.; Dutch West Indies-Cura-
Gao, Bonaires and Aruba, SOC; ST. Mar
tin, st. Eustatius and Saba, 20c.-Ecua-
dor, Soc; Guadeloupe. zoe; Guatemala.
15c.; Guianas British, French and
Dutch), Soc; Haiti, 10c.; British Hon
duras and Republic of Honduras, 15c;
Leeward Islands, 20c.; United States
ana British Virgin Islands, 10c.; Mar
Unique. 20c.: Nicaragua, 15c.; Panama,
zoe; Paraguay, 55c.; Peru, 40c.; FL
Salvador, 15c.; Trinidad, 20c.: Uruguay.
55c.: Venezuela, Soc, and Winward
Islands, zoe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12

speed Of the planes before Undertaking
loops and similar maneuvers. There is
tendency for the plane to fall of more
quickly II 1t loses speed. The reason
for this, of course, is simple and OBJ
vious. The rarefied air gives the wings
less support than at lower levels.
Need of Flexibility.
when we get into the big formation
work we probably will find it impos-
sible to take the larger formations To
the absolute ceiling of the plane.
"A fighting squadron in formation
needs flexibility in individual planes,
and If each ship is pushed to its maxi
mum altitude the squadron not only
would have no f1exibility, but also would
have individual planes unable to keep
up with others.
"a minor carburetor adjustment, a
propeller slightly off pitch or some
other maladjustment might diminish
the planes maximum ceiling by 1000
feet or more. Such differences also
make it difficult to maintain close
formation. At a 25,000-foot altitude
planes in close formation fly not IS
feet apart, but from 200 to 800 feet
apart. We shall attempt to learn how
close we can fly and maintain our in
tegrity as unit.
For practical purposes distance Of
approximately 200 feet between planes
will keep them in proper tactical forma-
ton. Close formations are undertaken
principally for show, purposes. When
we fly in formation miles above the
earth the pilots dare not approach too
near to each other because oxygen
failure may cause one to become
'balmy,' or even to spin down out OF
formation unconscious.
IA peculiar and interesting phase OF
altitude flying is the effect that lack
or loss of oxygen has on a person.
His physical reactions closely follow
those of one who has looked too long
upon the wine while it is red. and has
reached the point where he imagines
he is, par example. walking a straight
line while in reality going zigzag. The
pilot believes himself functioning per-
fectly all the time while he is grad
ually losing consciousness"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
NEW ARMY AIRPORT
ITEM IS REPORTED
Steps Actually Under Way
Looking to Abandonment
of Boiling Field.

The first step toward the abandon
ment of Boiling Field by the Army All
Corps and establishment OF a perma.
nent Air Corps post in the District OF
Columbia was taken this week when
the House appropriations committee
reported to the House the War Depart
ment appropriation bill carrying an
item of $3.50, 900 for the purchase OF
land for the proposed new field:
The land to be acquired is the nat
open expanse to the south OF Boiling
Field and adjoining the site OF the OLD
steel plant at Giesboro Point. This
site is approximately rs feet nlgnef
than Boiling Field and Is capable OF
DEVELOPMENT as an all-direction landing
field.
Unsuited for Permanence.
Boiling Field Is unsuited for develop
ment as q permanent field, the War
Department believes, because 1t Is too
narrow, being safe for landings and
take-offs only in two directions, and
because it is so low as to be subject to
flooding at times of high water in the
Potomac River.
Boiling Field has the unsavory rep
utation of being the wettest and mud
diest field used by the Army, With the
possible exception of Selfridge Field,
MOUNT ClemeIlS, MlC1l INO0 OAiAy 40 eAAS
field unsuitable for development as a
flying field, but, because of its low and
damp character, 1t Is unhealthful as a
place of residence for officers and men
of the post.
Established during the World War
period on a temporary basis, Boiling
Field never has been developed for
permanent occupancy. All the barracks
and other buildings are of fiimsy
wooden construction and the hangers
are among the poorest types in use by
the Army. Several serious fires have
occurred at the field, resulting in the
loss of considerable equipment.
The entire site, acquired June 5,
1920, by the Government, includes 339
acres of filled ground along the Po-
tomac River and Eastern Branch, only
a portion of which is available for fly
ing purposes. The latest report shows
$3.50 square feet of available hangar
space, whereas los, 800 square feet will
be required to meet the needs OF the
five-year Air Corps building program.
The report submitted to Congress in
connection with the appropriation bill
hearings shows that Is officers and
323 men are on duty at Boiling Field.
An appropriation of 100000 was au-
thorizsd at the last session of Congress
for construction of permanent buildings
for the Air Corps in this city, but none
OF 1t has been expended owing to the
lack of permanent site.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
HINTON is REELECTED
EXCHANGE CLUB HEAD
Other Oficers Named-Club Adopts
Program for Promotion of
Aviation,

Reelection of Lieut.. Walter Hinton
first transatlantic pilot, as president of
the Washington Exchange Club was
announced this week. Other otficers
elected are Col. H. K. Landers. DR.. H.
A. Swanson and Harold Kraft, vice
presidents; M. v. Engelbach, assistant
secretary; Charles Schermerhorn, secre-
tary-treasurer, and Watson P. Shepherd,
Ralph D. Wyley. Godfrey Munter. r. F.
Beresford, DR.. A. L. Riddick and Will
liam A. Edelblut, members OF the board
Of control.
The washington Exchange Club hss
adopted an aviation promotion program,
advocating adequate airport construc-
ton and proper air marking of cities
and highways.
Lieut.. Hinton left this city during the
week to address the New York City Ex-
change Club Thursday night and the
student body at Colgate University Fri
day afternoon. He addressed the stu
dents on the subject of opportunities
In aviation and copies of his new book
on the same subject were presented to
members Of the New York Club.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12
MEXICO GOOD WILL
FLYER IS COMING
Col. Roberto Fierro to Start
10000 Mile Flight About
March |.

The National Capital will be the first
stop to be made on a 10,0oO-mile good
will flight by Col. Roberto Fierro of the
Mexican air force, commandant of
Valbuena Field. Mexico City, beginning
about March /, according to report
received here this week.
Col. Fierro will make the long flight
from the capital of Mexico to the Capt.
tai of the United States as return
courtesy to Col. Charles A. Lindbergh
and his entire flight as a tribute to the
late Capt. Emilio Carranza, killed in
New Jersey while on a good will night
to this country as an oficial represent
alive Of the Mexican government.
Will Cross Atlantic.
Col. Fierro's fight will take him to
washington, New York, Havana, South
American cities and across the South
Atlantic to Paris and London. He will
use a duplicate of Col. Lindberghs new
plane, the Lockheed Sirius low-wing
monoplane. Construction of this plane
is in progress at Burbank, Calf. under
personal supervision of Col. F1erro. 1t
is to be completed late In February and
will be the second Of the new Sirius
models.
The flight has the official sanction of
the Mexican government and will be
sponsored by the new president, Ortiz
Rubio, a personal friend of Fterro, and
the governors and military commanders
of ~ Mexican states.
Wings Won In 1922.
Col. Fierro won his wings in 1922
and made his first long fight in an ex-
perimental plane from San Diego, Calf.
to Mexico City, distance of l 200 miles:
His next major trip was a goodwill
flight to countries in Central America
and South America. He was forced
down several times at points where it
was impossible to obtain spare parts,
but each time repaired the plane him
self and continued. In one case he
was forced to build a wooden wheel
to replace one damaged in landing.
During the recent Mexican revolu-
ton, Col. Fierro was in full command
of the air force sent against the rebels
and took major part in breaking up
the revolution. Near the close OF the
fighting he was forced down IN rebel
mountain territory, escaping after be-
ing given UP for lost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12

an article written by him for the Pratt
& Whitney Beehive.
The highest altimeter recording in
the squadron to date Is 28,500 feet.
Since such an altimeter recording can
be only approximate, the little Boeing
pursuit planes will be equipped with
double Paragraphs for future runs.
Three Main Elements.
Elmendorf said, comprises three main
elements:
81. Individual engineering flights, in
which each pilot takes the plane to
its absolute ceiling, runs wide open
gas and oil consumption tests at alti-
tudes ranging from $4,000 to $4,000
feet, learns to use the oxygen equip
ment and accustoms himself to operat-
ing in the cold and rarefied air. These
flights also include acrobatics at about
$4,000 feet, such as loops, fast and
slow rolls, etc, to familiarize the pilot
with the maneuverability Of the plan:
at altitude.
80. Formation flights at service cell
ing beginning with the element of
3 planes, the flight of 6 and working
up to the entire squadron formation of
Is or more planes: On these flights
the formations will be put through
work.
"3. Tactical problems. including in
dividual combats and flights Of 3, 6
and IL planes operating against eacn
other in simulated combat. These ex-
ercises will be designed to give as
near a representation of actual combat
at altitude as can be obtained without
the use of machine gun bullets"
Operations at $4,000 feet, Capt.
Elmendorf explained, cannot approach
the simplicity and ease of sea-level OPP
erations The intense cold, the bulky
clothing pilots must wear to keep then
selves from freezing, the fact that the
pilots reactions are slower than mol
NAL, complicate the flying at miles
above sea level. Temperatures of al,-
proximately 40 degrees below zero are
found at 27.000 feet, he pointed out.
"At such a high altitude" Capt.
Elmendorf wrote, for normal stunting
1t is necessary to dive and increase the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-12

bracket would really be of any use
or assistance in the flying Of their
own planes.
A dispatch from Ashland, Ohio,
tells us that william Topping, a
20-year-old youth, builds model
airplaneS just for the fun" of 1t.
But William this week received
| the surprise Of his life in the form
of a request from the Smithsonian
Institution for one OF his models,
to be placed in the National Mu-
scum.
The hobby at which Topping
has worked for 10 years during
| his spare time has brought him
some recognition from aviation
authorities, but he has never
worked for recognition because
he has considered it only a
hobby"
Gee. never expected any,
thing like It," he frankly declared.
"You see it was like this" he con-
tinued. I'm directing model
airplane class here and wanted
some information about conduct
| ing the class, so I wrote to Paul
Edward CARRIER, who I thought
was model editor of an air SerV-
ice magazine. When I heard from
him I discovered that he had be-
come curator in the aviation sec
ton of the Smithsonian Institu-
ton, and he asked me for the
donation of the Sikorsky amphib-
ian model, of which I had in
closed a photograph in the letter
to him."
The model will be placed in a
glass case near Lindbergh'S famed
Spirit of st. Louis and near the
early model of flying apparatus
made by Leonardo Da Vinci in
1890 and other planes and models
depicting the evolution OF avia-
] ton.