Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-10-24
REVOLUTION AIMS
IN BRAZIL STATED
Economic as Well as Political
and Social Causes Un-
derIie Unrest.


spread IaFidly over the entire republic
until but three of the major eastern
seaboard states, Rio de Janeiro, Sac
Paulo and Bahia, remained loyal to the
government.
President Washington Luis, whose
full name is DR.. Washington Luis Pere-
ira de Souza, assumed office November
IS, 1926, and was to have served until
November IS of this year, when he
would be succeeded by President-elect
Julio Prestes, who recently completed
visit to the United States.
The revolution broke first in the State
Of Rio Grande do Sui, furthermost
south of the divisions which make up
the Brazilian union. Troops formed
there under the leadership OF DR.. Getu,
Ito Vargas, president OF the staVe anu
defeated candidate in the recent ma
tional presidential elections.
Other States Join Revolt.
The state of Santa Catharina and
Parana fell quickly into line. ana
large southern army was rushed 10 tne
Parana-Sao Paulo border, where battles
have been in progress Tor more IMAM
two weeks. with conflicting claims OF
victory. The fighting has centereo
about Itarare, railroad point, on the
Sac Paulo border.
Tn the North forces from Parahyoa,
one of the original revolving states,
moved southwark under Capt, Juarez
Tayora and on the night OF Octoner a
took Pernambuco, or Recife, estapnsh-
ing a revolutionary Junta trere' Capt'
Teyora moved southwark with volun-
feers and gathered about him as ne
progressed and quickly subdued gov
EMINENT forces In the seaboard states OF
Alagoas and Sergipe, almost wlthout
contest. He was last reported moving
on the city Of Bahia.
The revolutionary movement In Cen
trail Brazil developed principally IN the
state of Minas Geraes, in wnlcn tne
central government threw most OF It's
defending troops. In this state the Rio
de Janeiro government seemed to have
the best Of matters and claimed victory
after victory.
Fourth Successful Revolt.
Fall of the Brazilian government
marks the fourth overthrow OF de
iure administration by revolution in
south America since the first of the
wear. The governments of Bolivia, Peru
and the Argentine have fallen before
revolutionistS. Some unrest developed
also in Cuba, Chile and to some extent
in Mexico. but the government OF those
countries remained in control.
In no case, except Brazil, however,
did the rebellion occupy more than few
days. The tremendous popular upris-
ings which accompanied the movement
being sufficient to upset the regime with
out great difficulty Military govern
mentS are az present in power In Be-
livia, Peru and Argentina. There was
every prospect, until the resignation Of
DR.. Washington Luis that the Brazilian
revolution might stretch on for months.
DR.. Getulio Vargas, shortly after In
ception of the revolution, left his pres
idency of Rio Grande do Sui In the
hands of DR.. Osvaldo Aranha, Liberal
politician Of the state, and assumed
personal command of the armies beat
ing at Sac Paulo's back door, along the
Parana state border.
Takes Charge of Armies.
A few days ago he arrived at Gu
rityba to take actual charge Of the
armies, which were calculated to APP
proximate in the south possibly $4,000
men. Gen. Miguel Costa was in COM
mand Of the rebel vanguard and had
led the insurgents in most Of the fight
ing In the south.
The insurgent movement was based
primarily on charges OF dictatorship
of the metropolitan districts, including
Rio de Janeiro, Sac Paulo and Bahia,
Rio Grande do Sui and Santa Catha-
rina, cattle-raising areas, were allegedly
excluded. The Liberal party, headed
by Vargas, charged they we're defrauded
in the last presidential election.
Just Is in other South American re-
publics in which the governments were
overthrown this year, charges of ex-
travagance and misappropriation of
public funds were made by the insur-
gents.
The government charged by state
nnent and inference that the revolu-
ton was inspired by Communistic agi-
tation and cited the red flags used by
the insurgents In support Of their con-
tention. The insurgents answered this
charge with a statement that the red
flag had always been the flag Of the
Liberal party leaders in the movement.
At Pernambuco the provisional govern
ment issued emphatic denial that there
was Communistic tinge to the move
ment.
Throughout the government claimed
that it had the movement under con-
troll. As late as wednesday night dis
patches from Sac Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro said that, except for arrival
Of occasional patches Of wounded, the
two cities were calm and normal ana
that 1t was almost unthinkable that a
revolution or civil war existed only
few hundred miles away.
At the inception OF the movement
the government declared a 15-oay non
day for all banks. Upon expiration
OF this is days, october 81, the banks
were allowed TO reopen and function
normally. except to issue bills OF for
eirn exchange, privilege reserved Tor
the Banco do Brazil.
From the start Of the insurrection
the central government was faced WIN
1f and detection OF
large bodies Of troops. At one time the
revolutionary headquarters announced
that three-fifths of the regular army
were fighting under their colors.
Reserves Called Out.
The central government called out It's
reserves, first the classes Of from 81 to
81 years, and later classes up to As
years Of age, but since only few states
remained loyal the administration was
unable to raise nearly as large an army
as IL needed.
Both Great Britain and the United
States sent warships to the country as
q precautionary measure and the United
states cruiser Pensacola arrived only
yesterday at Pernambuco, anchorlng
outside the harbor for few hours AND
then proceeding to Bahia, which then
presumably was still loyal to the gov
Eminent. President Hoover wednesday
declared an embargo on arms and am
munition to Brazil, indicating, however
that the Rio de Janeiro government, Q
recognized de ture administration, might
purchase such in the United States with
permits from the Secretary Of State.
At the start OF the revolution only the
states of Rio Grande do Sui, Rio Grandt
do Norte, Santa Catharina, Parana
Piauhy. Ceara, Maranhao, Parahybs
and Minas Geraes Joined the movement