davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
Mortality Decrease
Is Laid To Plumbing
From the Racine Journal-Nsws

From the Racine Journal-News
When told that the mortality rate is
falling, frightening the average span
OF life, many persons suppose that bet
ter doctors, improved living conditions
and the natural course of evolution are
responsible, but few associate with h
an institution to which probably more
than anything else man is indebted for
the extra years on earth granted this
generation. That institution is plumb.
ing.
Plumbing is not what could be calIea
sanitary" word, although 1t is the
nrst word 10 sanitation. Perhaps IL IL
denied its due credit because the word
Is associated with grimy workmen and
apoplectic bills. But one need only tn
compare this countryS death rate with
that OF those countries which have If
TIE or no plumbing to find the reason
LOT the lengthening span of life.
80 recent is II that many can recall
the time when the small communities
OF this country were sewerless and r,In-
nlng not water and bathtubs were a.
rarity. The adoption of plumbing has
peen amazing in its rapidity, and NOT
less rapid have been improvements in
tne methods and fixtures of plumbing
twenty years ago plumbing was left
70 little better than unskilIed laborers
Ioday plumbing has been raised 10 4
science. Plumbing is the ounce OF pre-
Vantive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

Winner on Saturday Of his twelfth title,
Bobby, with the British open champion
ship and the British amateur safely tied
to his already heavily laden belt. will
be shooting for the American amateur
in September. If he wins that making
four major championships at one time.
the rest of the golfers of the world NAV
as we'll begin to look for ways and
means to handicap him, because it is
quite evident that at twenty-eight years
he is just reaching his peak, with
many more years Of sterling golf ahead
Jones did not achieve his latest
victory without struggle, but that
simply makes it all the more impressive
as it demonstrates will to win, courage
under adversely and skill enough to
make UP for mistakes. His four rounds
were II, 49, SO and rs, a total of 7s7
one more than the 14-year record held
by the once master of the links, Chick
Evans of Chicago. The short holes on
the treacherous Interlachen layout al
most caused Bobby's downfall. Four
fives on the the four short par three
holes ran up his score to disturbing
height as the pack was close on his
heels, but brides on the difficult par
fours enabled him to exc out a victory.
On the eighteenth hole, with the vete-
ran Macdonald Smith only two strokes
behind, Bobby calmly ran home a 40
footer for a birdie three to close the
door against all invaders.
Jones has brought fame to Atlanta
and to the United States. He is
probably the greatest golfer who
ever lived. He is a credit to the game
and his amateurism can never be oues-
toned. Probably second only to Lind
bergh as a national hero Jones deserves
all the encomiums that have been for
years haaped upon him. All hail to the
Emperor of Golf"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
Honor Paid Stresemann
AS Rivaling Bismarck

From the Kansas City Times.
DR.. Gustav Stresemann did not live
to see the sale of the first German
reparation bonds to private investors,
the withdrawal Of the foreign agent
general and his staff from Berlin or
the beginning of the evacuation of the
last zone occupied by allied troops to
assure compliance with the peace treaty.
But his spiritual presence has brooded
over all these events of the last few
weeks. For it was Or. Stresemann's
leadership which turned the new Ger
man republic away from passive resist
ance to policy of international CO.
operation, embodied in the Locarno
pacts and the Young plan.
1t is particularly fitting, therefore,
that DIR. Stresemann's name should be
associated with the project to establish
an academy of peace" in GERMANY.
The late German foreign minister was
no paciflst or internationalist in a
sentimental sense. His policy was based
upon an enlightened national interest,
He was convinced that Germany could
not afford to pursue policy of revenge
which was urged by the reactionaries
He saw that the only way for his coun-
try to regain its position in the world
was by conciliating its former enemies
and proving TO them its honorable in
tent. BY every token he believed in and
worked for an enduring peace, as essen
tial for the welfare of the republic.
DR.. Stresemann is commonly regarded
today as the greatest German states
man since Bismarck. His life was short
He deliberately risked it to fight for the
ratification of the Young plan last Fall
after his physicians had ordered a COM
plete rest, He lost, but the plan car
ried. If Germany continues to follow
his foreign policies and profits from
them as now seems likely, it NAV we'll
be that finally DR.. Stresemann viii ont
rank the Iron Chancellor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

logical fear Of expanding beyond q rigid
pattern, which many psychologists be-
lieve to be the almost inevitable result
Of the old-fashioned methods. then
they certainly are not worth preventing
Custody Of bad boys is merely a means
to an end. 1t is a serious mistake to
consider it the end in itself. The honor
system will succeed reasonably well in
keeping boys within the confines of the
institution. Probably it never will be as
effective as the old system But as a
part Of the process of correcting the
criminal tendencies of these boys there
can be little doubt that, always bearing
in mind differences of individuals, it is
infinitely more desirable.
The correction of criminal tendencies
might be compared with a major
surgical operation. It is necessary for
the surgeon to confine the patient, to
keep him as inert as possible during the
procedure. Why does not the operator
use such a drug as curare instead of
ether? THIS powerful substance. which
Guinea Indians use to poison their ar
rowheads, completely paralyzes all the
striped muscles. The patient could not
make the slightest tremor under the
knife. But he would feel everything
Curare has no effect on the brain. The
pain of this ideal custody drug" would
kill him. So the operator uses ether,
which destroys the consciousness of
pain, but does not entirely prevent
pitching and tossing. Juvenile crimi-
nology may take lesson from surgery.
Strict custody is psychological curare.
The honor system is ether
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
The Worlds Greatest Golfer.

Well, it looks as il the professionals
cannot stop him. In fact, it has been
pretty conclusively shown that nobody
can stop him. OF course, the person
referred to is none other than Robert
T. Jones Of Atlanta, Ga, affectionately
known to an adniring world as Bobby"
For this famous Southerner has just
won his second successive open golf
championship of the United States after
hot fight with the cream Of the pro-
fessionals and amateurs of the world, to
make himself the only man IN the his
tory of the game to hold three major
golf championships at the same time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

lanta by comparing 1t TO the wrist OF
hand whose fingers reached the flve
principal ports Of the Gulf and South
Atlantic Coasts.
@. Are homing pigeons trained to fy
at night?-F M.
A. The night-fying homing pigeon
has been bred and trained by the Army
Signal Corps at Fort Monmouth, N, J.
HPasassss.-
O. How many bridges are there across
the Mississippi River?-M. I.
A. There are about $50.
@. Can buildings be made actually
fireproof?-S. z. r.
A. The word fireproof is probably q
less appropriate term than fire-reSistive.
Buildings can be constructed so that
they can withstand a complete burning
out of contents without any collapse OF
structural members. There will, OF
course, be damage TO finish and trim.
They can also be constructed to with
stand exposures from fires in adjacent
buildings without communicating fire
to the inside of the building, although
mere again there may be damage to
racing material and window glass and
shutters. Fire-reSistive buildings great
~ decrease the deStructiveness of fires
In providing less opportunities for fires
10 start less likelihood or rapid spread,
greater ease OF eXtinguishment, and less
hazard to neighboring structures.
@. Are impeachment proceedings in
england similar to the same proceed
ings in our Congress?-L. F. d.
A. Quite similar. The House Of
Commons are the prosecutors an the
House OF Lords are the judges Should
the accused be found guilty, judgment
follows If the Commons move for It, but
not otherwise. The Commons thus
retain the power of pardon in their
own hands, and this right they have in
several cases expressly claimed by reso-
luton. There is no such provision in
connection with impeachment proceed
| ings in Congress.
O. How long is the frieze in the
rotunda of the Capitol?-J. K.
A The rotunda is 300 feet in cir
cumference at the height of the frieze.
% feet above the floor.
@. Can an octopus be kept for dis
play purposes in the Middle West?-B.
E. B.
A. 1t is very difficult to transport
| i've octopi even from place to place on
the sea coast. and this difficulty becomes
almost insurmountable to a spot far in
land. Octopi must be kept in running
sea water OF equable temperature, and
the feeding presents a difficult problem
! since octopi relish small fish and mol
lusks, which should be alive. There Ia
no way to prevent an octopus from dis
charging the black fluid which it en-
| ploys as protection, and the water
becomes clear after such a discharge
only when the discolored water is all
run out.
O. Can you tell me whether Roy L.
McCardell is a magazine editor?-
G. F. r.
| A. Mr. McCardell writes for various
| publications and is associate editor of
| the Tower Magazines, Inc, the Wool
worth group.
Q. Why was the Colosseum in Rome
| given this name?-D. H.
| A. 1t had been called the Flavian
| Amphitheater, but came to be known as
the Colosseum from the colossal statue
| of the Emperor Nero, which was near.
The statue of gilded bronze was III feet
in height.
@. How many United States soldiers
saw actual fighting in the World War?
IT. r.
A. About 100000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
The Honor System.

An honor system was inaugurated q
few days ago at the National Training
School for Boys. following an agitation
over methods of punishment employed
there which resulted in a change of
guperintendents
The system was violated almost i'm
mediately by two boys who escaped at
the first opportunity afforded by re-
Taxed vigilance. To some it will seem
that such incidents constitute an I'M
Rssailable argument in favor of the old
system Of training school discipline
under which misbehsvior and escape
we're prevented by the simple expedient
Of giving the youthful charges no OPP
portunity to misbehave or run away.
II will. seem that the honor system is
self evidently a failure. IT has been
violated with disconcerting frequency
IN schools and colleges where the
cream Of American youth has been
trusted in examinations without the
surveillance of teachers. What then is
to be expected among boys who al
ready have shown serious criminal
tendencies?
It probably will be admitted that
''putting boys on their honor" is by no
means as efficient method of keeping
them in custody as is rigid confinement
and severe punishment. Neither is it as
efhcient as watchfulness in preventing
students from cheating in examinations.
Thus far the advocates Of the old sys-
tenn are right, for the time being at
least, while the transition from the old
TO the new is in progress.
But there is another side to be con-
Sidered. Is the custody of boys-that
is, the preventing of escapes-the sole
function or even a very important func-
ton of an institution such as the Ma
tional Training School? Is the preven-
ton of cheating in examinations very
important function of a college? Few
in this day will answer in the affirma-
tive.
If occasional violations of the honor
system, occasional escapes, can be pre-
vented only at the price Of the fostering
hatred the constantly thwarted, de-
velopment Of individuality, the Patio.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

So far the administration leaders
have managed to get and keep a quo
rum, but the danger of a broken quo
rum is a constant nightmare. It is
within the power of the anti-treaty
cohorts practically at any moment to
desert the chamber and make the
transaction of business impossible
There are treaty supporters who are
ready to invoke the drastic powers
conferred by the Senate rules, whereby,
after passage of requisite resolution
the sergeant-at-arms may be ordered
to arrest" absentees and bring them
in.
Provided a quorum crises doesn't
precipitate sudden adjournment in the
meantime, it is foreshadowed that Fri
day, July rs, may see vote and the
end OF the long fight. If the Norris
reservation hadn't ensued and caused
further delay, there seemed to be
prospect that this week might wit
ness the wind-up. Though White
House spokesman profess a serene con-
f1dence that victory will eventually
perch on their banners. they make no
concealment whatever of their quorum
fears. 1t is a quorum fight now, not
ratification contest, they say.
Copyright, 1900
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

Supreme Court will approve principle
so destructive to the requirements Of
national defense"
What is to become Of conscription?"
asks the Columbia State, stating that
lit is the consensus of expert military
opinion that in major wars CONSUMPTION
will continue quite necessary" The
Oklahoma City Oklahoman remarks:
THE United States will not be left de-
fenseleSS in the presence of its enemies
by the comforting of citizenship rights
upon these two souls of tender con-
science. But it is easy to see how de-
fenseless our country would be II all
Americans should at some time or other
accept the views of those who have just
been made citizens OF that republic.
Immediately the country would become
the possible prey of any rapacious power
however weak or strong"
With the precedent of the RoSika
Schwimmer case, in which the Supreme
Court divided against the appellant,
what would that court say concerning
DR., Macintosh and Miss Bland?" asks
the Asheville Times. That paper con-
tinues: I'm Judge Manton's opinion,
there is here no parallel. Mrs. Schwim-
mer is an absolute atheist an uncom-
promising paciflst, and which probably
counted most against her as a poten-
tlul Cllllcu, SHE manifested no sense
OF nationalism' except 'cosmic' rela-
ton to the human family. DR.. Mac
Intosh and Miss Bland, on the other
hand, expressed lively sense of re-
sponsibility to any government under
which they might enjoy citizenship.
The Times prophesies that the country
at large will acclaim Judge Manton for
his capacity to cut clear path through
labyrinth of legal technicalities and
nnd a conclusion supported alike by law,
religion and common sense"
This issue impresseS the Hartford
Times in that the court finds that the
religious conscience is inseparably
wrought into the Constitution and laws
OF our country. Judge Manton points
to no prior decision of any court in the
united States supporting this view"
continues the Times which, fine as we
may consider it and from an individual
viewpoint do consider it, nevertheless is,
as a principle of American iurispru.
dence, quite newly proclaimed. Ger
tainly few of us had believed hitherto
that there could be under the Constil
tuition distinction between the con-
science of one who Is religious and one
who is not Yet this appears to be the
Msnton thought"
IF, under the Constitution. no re-
ilglouS test can 'D& required as a quail
ihcatlon for public Office or trust"
argues the Detroit Free Press. how can
IT be required as a qualification for citi-
Sehshlp? II wouldn't hurt a bit II the
supreme Court should pssS on ludge
Mantons ruling"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
Onions and Anemia.

A heavy onion diet produces a strange
effect in the blood of dogs very similar
to certain forms of anemia. This acct
dental discovery at the National Health
1nstitute-the. old Hygienic Laboratory
with its glorious history of triumphs
over obscure maladies is henceforth to
be known by this name-may have far
reaching implications. Apparently there
is some mysterious chemical substance
concealed in this humble vegetable
which is harmless in such amounts as
ordinarily would be taken into the
stomach, but possibly quite the reverse
when abnormal amounts are eaten.
Offhand it might seem that the scien-
lists are on the trail of something like
reverse vitamin. 1t opens up fascinat-
ing paths for chemical and physiological
exploration. But it must be remembered
that the blood changes, so far as is
known, apply only to dogs. There are
important differences between the blood
Of dogs and human beings. Thus the
National Health Institute, with true
scientific caution, is very guarded in its
statements. The onion is an important
food article.
In any reasonable amounts. certainly,
it is one of the most healthful of vege-
tables. The discovery does not change
its status in this respect. 1t is probable
hat not enough onions are eaten, rather
than too many.
1t would be unfortunate if a public
misunderstanding tended to cast a
stigma on the onion. This would result
in hampering the thoroughly objective
search for the solution of the curious
chemical phenomenon observed among
the experimental animals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
Absenteeism.

W6en the Senate met last Monday at
the call of President Hoover TO consider
the London naval treaty fifty-eight Sen
ators answered the roll call to establish
a quorum Since then a half dozen or
more Senators have drifted into Wash
ington and some others have left here
On the opening day of the session
thirty-eight Senators were absent, and
probably similar number are absent
today.
Presumably Senators of the United
States are elected with the understand
ing that they will attend to the business
Of the country. Every member OF the
Senate was on notice weeks before the
close Of the regular session of Congress
that special session of the Senate
would be called. Yet a considerable
number of the Senators evidently have
deliberately absented themselves from
the session of the Senate. 1t is incon-
ceivable that such large proportion of
the Senate membership should be in
Capscitated because of i'll health to at
tend upon the sessions of the Senate.
It is about time that something hap
pened to make the. absentees understand
that travelling in Europe or sojourning
for the Summer at seaside or mountain
resorts is not exactly what they were
elected to do by the people they repre-
sent.
The London naval treaty is a matter
Of great Importance. and not one light
" to be brushed aside. 1t requires the
attention of all the members of the
Senate. Involved in the treaty are the
foreign relations of the country and the
interests of world peace. In some
quarters it has been charged that the
treaty accomplishes little. 1t is quite
certain, however, that If the treaty is
defeated. the results will be such as will
arouse the people of the country.
Furthermore. If because Of the desire of
certain Senators to attend to their per-
sonal affairs, it becomes impossible to
maintain a quorum in Washington and
thus act on the treaty, the delay in
dealing with the naval pact will be a
OlSIlIlCL SeIUdCk 10 Tie cause Oh HH1lJd-
&ion and disarmament.
The debate on the treaty has by no
means run to a point where it has
become a mere matter of delay. The
Senate is entitled to consider the
treaty thoroughly. But for such con-
Sideration, the membership of the Sen
ate should be present. If necessary,
the Senators in Washington should
provide the remedy. They have it in
their power to issue warrants for the
arrest of absentee members so that they
may be brought to Washington to at
tend to their duties here. drastic
remedy, to be sure. But occasionally
drastic measures ere necessary. Sen
ators who place themselves in a posi-
ton where they must be arrested to
make them do their obvious duty are
not likely to be the subjects of SYM
pathy on the part Of the rest of the
people who do not happen to have the
honor to be United States Senators.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

This newspaper puts at your disposal
corps OF trained researchers in Wash
ington who will answer questions for
you. They have access to the Govern
ment departments, the libraries mu-
seums, galleries, and public buildings.
and to the numerous associations which
maintain headquarters in the Nations
Capital. If they can be of assistance
TO you, write your question plainly, and
send with 2 cents in coin or stamps to
The Evening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic j. Haskin, director, Washing
ton, d. G.
@. Why does Bishop Cannon use a
crutch?-S. M. J.
A. Bishop James Cannon, jr was in
iured in an automobile accident two
years ago. He is not entirely dependent
on crutch, but uses one.
q. In a radio program an airplane
motor is supposed to be heard. Is it
really a motor or is 1t an electric fan
or other device which sounds like an
airplane?-K. F.
A. In one radio program, it is an
electric transcription of an actual air.
plane motors noise.
@. Is the Seine the longest river in
France?--L. G. T.
A. The Loire is Frances longest
river.
Q. What is the area Of London?-
T. G..
A. Greater London has an area of
about 500 square miles.
@. Is there an organization of ma
gicians?-T. j. NJ.
A. The Society of American Magi-
clans has its headquarters in the Nc
Alphin Hotel. New York City. 1t con-
sists of l,700 members.
@. How far away can lightning and
thunder be obServed?-H. S.
A. Lightning. under favorable cir
cumstances, may be seen at least 100
miles Thunder seldom is heard more
than 20 miles, and usually not over 10
to IS miles.
@. Why is the world Free" used with
Masonry?-A. w j.
A. The term Free Masonry is of an
cient origin and was applied to bodies
of masons who travelled throughout
Europe The term free applied to their
being in no particular guild or jur1s-
diction.
@. Is there any objection to creo-
SOIlnB IIl0 WOOu uoSo AL GA PAoAASS'
r. j. C.
A. There is no necessity for this. 1t
is done only when the wood is in con-
tact with the ground or actually placed
in the ground. The objection to using
creosote on wood used for airplanes is
that it prevents the satisfactory appli-
cation of paint and also adds unneces-
sarily to the weight of the machine.
@. Why are the clocks in the foretops
of battleships in formation always
| pointing to the hour of II when pictures
of them are taken?-J. F. 7.
A. The device is not a clock, but a
| fire control instrument. 1t is set at
| the hour of IL because it is not in use.
This is used only during target practice.
@. What green vegetable is most
! productive?-J. D. r.
A Common cabbage is said to be the
most productive, for it is believed that
an acre of ground will yield a greater
weight of green vegetable matter in
the shape of cabbage than in that OF
any other vegetable whatever.
@. What city has been termed the
| wrist of the South?"-G. w. S.
A. Gen. Sherman frequently de-
! NScribed the strategic position of At
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON,
Ownership,

Ownership.
toiled TO make flower bloom
Upon swinging vine.
A humming bird announced. MAX,
room
That poisoning is mine"
The ancient king acquires a tomb
Where gems and gold are shown.
An owner steps into the gloom
Unto that king unknown.
And in the future men must do
Their best, as in the past.
AND meyer be quite certain who
Will benefit at last.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-14

If Conan Doyle succeeds in commune
eating freely with his earthly admirers.
1t is to be hoped that his efforts will
not. as has happened with many mes
sases Of the kind, disclose an entire
change of literary style.