davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

BY the sterilization loan Of 4102, 000,-
600 the foreign debt was increased in
1929 by $1,000, 100000 lei and the In
ternal debt reduced by 5000 ,000, 900
through the revaluation of gold in the
national bank. The annuities of the
foreign debts were paid by the tobacco,
salt and match monopolies, the first
two organized with a sinking fund and
the last coded to the Swedish match
kings, Kruger & Toll.
1t is worth remarking that Rumania
has met and is meeting promptly the
annuities of her war debts to England,
the United States, France and Italy.
The cost OF service on the Rumantan
national debt in 1929 was 6,123, 000, 900
lei. opposed to a cost Of 1854, 000, 900 In
1925, but 1t must be remembered that
the currency had deprecated badly and
has been stabilized in the interim:
Even as the debt stands today-and 1t
has long been extremely difdcult to OBJ
tain absolutely authoritative figures In
this matter-it Is said by competent OBJ
servers to still be comparatively small
and much less per capita than among
the nations OF Western Europe.
Railroads Mismanaged.
The railroads constitute q serious
problem. Today there are only 1888
kilometers OF main railroad lines in all
Rumania and 6,724 kilometers Of branch
lines, many OF them in bad condition.
During the war the railroads were sub
tected to severe strain, and since then
have been unable to cover expenses.
Part OF this Is due to abnormally heavy
lists OF employees, to mismanagement
and need OF reorganization.
The system OF free passes on rail-
roads in Rumania is carried to the
point OF the ridiculous, and, as in other
realms, stories Of graft and exploitation
are heard. In any case, the railroads
expended $4,000 900 900 lei in 1929, reg
istered an income Of only IL ,450, 900 600,
and accordingly had q deficit Of $780,
100000. Inc economic crisis following
the bad crop Of 1928. the qualification
Of the lei in la2a and the distinct fall
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
Execution Appeal Denied:

BUENA VISTA SPRINGS, Pa, July
u P1.-Justice Pierce Butler of the
United States Supreme Court yesterday
denied an appeal presented on behalf
Of three convicted bandits, who are
under sentence to be executed at Kan.
cas- City, July IS. The appeal was pre-
scented to Justice Butler at his Summer
nome here yesterday afternoon by Frank
Gngquist. Kansas City, attorney for
the men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
TARIFF TOOK 745 VOTES
Senate Record of Controversy Fills
3ee Pages.
By the ,Associated Prass.

By the Associated Press.
It required 745 roll call votes to dis
pose OF controversies over the tariff
while it was before the Senate.
The "yea-and-nay" record was COM
piled by @. A. Loefiier, secretary to the
majority, and published today In Q
369-page public document. r
OF five hours day and q roll call
usually requires about seven minutes,
the record votes alone used up 81 hours,
or 17lz days of the marathon debate on
the Hawley- Smoot measure, signed one
month ego today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
Hail Kills Seven.

SOFIA, Bulgaria, July II (R.-Seven
persons were reported killed yesterday
in terrific hailstorms prevalent through
out Southern Bulgaria.
Numerous fishing smacks were miss
ing q, q hurricane In the Black Sea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

that you won't make use Of the ma
terial" Well Hy blew up when he
found that he couldn't publish them
serially in even so obscure a periodi-
cal as the Congressional Record.
Why he called Dave everything that
. Pennsylvania Senator probably
has to be. To irlSinuate that q
Senator should keep a secret was
perhaps unparalleled in those legis-
latiVe halls
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
BOUNDARY PACT SIGNED
Observation-Disclosures Dispute Goes
to Arbitral Tribunal.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Secretary Stimson announced today
that treaty had been signed here by
GuatemAlan and Honduras delegates
submitting the boundary dispute be-
tween the countries to an arbitral trib-
unal over which Chief Just4ee Hughes
will preside.
Secretary Stimson said the delegates
also signed supplemental convention
providing for fixing the boundary after
q decision Is made by the arbiters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

{ n e 3 e n q { e,
where Hiram Is
holding the Sem
ate there while
he investigates
Dave Reed, he
had Dave on the
stand yesterday.
Dave told him,
You can look at
all the private
communicat ion,
but it's q gentle
mans agreement
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
GERARD FEARS WAR
Conflict Between France and italy
Prophesied on Return.

Prophesied on Return.
NEW YORK, July II (P).-James w.
Gerard, Ambassador to Germany under
President Wilson, expressed the belief
today, upon his return from France,
that "a new war is brewing, between
italy and France"
"It Is imminent" he said. "It is in
Che air"
He talked to no diplomats on his
visit, he said. Asked IL France were
the aggressor. he answered, at should
not say so. She has too much to re-
member of the last war. I think France
fears IT,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

THREE FORKS. Mont, July II up.
The fourth light earthquake in four
days was felt last night. The move
ment,. lasting four seconds, was re-
ported from Bozeman, Lombard and
Gateway. No damage was reported,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

The sign Co.," used to mean ,"and,"
Is only contraction of "et," the Latin
word for and"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CAROLS COUP SEEN
BENEFICIAL TO RUMANIAS ECONOMIC WELFARE
FOLLOWING HARD PROBLEMS OF RECENT YEARS
Prosperity of Entire Country
Dependent Upon improved
II
Crops and Markets.
KING HELD STABILIzER
Reorganization of Govern
ment Administrative Agen-
cies Regarded as Need.

This Is the NTH Of series Of SIR
articles describing the events leading to
restoration OF Carol on the throne OF
Rumdntd. The final article tDiu anbedr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
Will Rogers
Says:

BEVERLY HILLS, Calif.-In the
Hiram johnson special session of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

Lawn party. Joseph H. Milans Lodge
streets northeast, Saturday evening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

Luncheon, Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity
Hotel Gordon, tomorrow, 1880 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

Sermon, 1.-THE Handwriting on the
wall" Vermont Avenue Baptist Church,
$50 pm. Rev. A. Willbanks, pastor of
the Tenth Street Baptist Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
FUTURE.

Gard party. Washington Review, 1850
massachusetts avenue, SIS pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

Meeting, Association for q Home for
Widows and Orphans Of Veterans of ali
wars, Soldier, Sailor and Marine Club,
Eleventh and l. streets, 8 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
SPECIAL NOTICES.

SPECIAL NOTICES.
president of Bruibb & Zimmerman, Inc,
and the Practical Master Plumber, will be
ga Tyop ste5sFs eh 9sS iStn UNITED sTATEs
.Ba a9T s5 = saS Sas o.r F2 S Any
sell self and wife. JACOB PYRAH' 1901 Ar Ar
70 or or from New. York. Richmond. Boston,
Iittsh1TEh and al ysy points; speclal rates ties
n AG ave. Nat. 1855 Local ' mcyLns also
CHAIRS FOR RENT. SUITABLE FOR WE'D
dings, parties. church suppers or festivals.
n TS IO e 2ef per esy con
OF. NV. Metropolitan 1914
WANTED-RETURN LOADS
ERoM NEW York July Is
spec q S rates for part loads to and from
.nglsSSslRfis f2a s's sr 6f[s CO..
MANY A ROOF
Don't tear Oh the old roof at nrst
xO " 4 sSs'E Ss:' 'fiH ss y w.
Wanted-Load
from New York. Philadelphia. Richmond,
Va; chicaso, M PITTSBURGH. Pa and At
70 PITTSBURGH, N. Y, Cumberland, Nd,
and Harrisburg, Pa:
Smiths Transfer & Storage Co.,
1919 You ST. North 33z3.
Printing Craftsmen .
are at your service for
result getting publicity
The National Capital Press
i2io-I2l2 ST. NV. Phone National oss0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17
CITY NEWS IN BRIEF.
TODAY,

Lawn fete, Ursuline Sisters, 519 Fourth
street, S to 10 pm.
Free study class, United Lodge Of
Hill Building, Seventeenth
and I streets, S:15 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

has been saved from the scrap heap
by our thorough knowledge Of repairs.
e Don't tear OF the old roof at FIRST
sign of decay. Save money. Call US up.
Company District 0933
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-07-17

In addition to these pinches Of eco
nomic crisis, the Runanian railroads
for years have operated at q loss. They
are improperly organized, in need Of
undertaking and the country's trans
portation facilities are inadequate.
These were some of the outstanding
major difficulties at the moment when
Carol assumed power. Admittedly, the
change In regime could not make mat
tiers much worse. ,PSychologically, 1t
gave promise of improving the situa-
ton, and for that reason many Ru-
nanians and foreigns hope for i'm
provement.
Studying the economy more closely,
it Is necessary to recognize Rumania
as essentially an agricultural. country
with more than 80 per cent of its
population living from the land. There
are only about 200, 900 factory workers
among the 100000 inhabitants.
Therefore, THE whole welfare Of the
country rests on its crops. Production
of cereals for the last four years has
been:
1926. l2,230,746 tons
1927. ............. s,7s2,355 tons
1928. 6,027,S0O tons
1929 13,l01 400 tons
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25

responsibility and safety on the high
ways. 1t is separate in its entirety from
the trafflc code, but its penalties for
noncompliance are even more severe
Frankly aimed at the reckless insolvent
minority, 1t does not touch the great
body of careful, considerate motorists,
and therein lies It's greatest merit. The
compulsory insurance law in Massachu-
sets, which has had such a rocky
road to travel and which is even now
under fire, with the prospect Of aban-
donment in favor of safety respon-
sibility measure, penalties the majority
for the sins of the few and its weak
ness in this respect is conceded even
by its proponents. 1t is this weakness,
which is not possessed by the safety
measure, that threatens its existence in
the one State that has attempted it.
No controversy has developed over
the proposed District law. On the con-
trary, few pieces of legislation have had
the support accorded it. The Commits
sioners are whole-heartedly in favor of
its passage and the trade and civic Or
CARNATIONS in washington have likewise
stamped it with their approval. 1t is
up to the Senate to do the rest. May
it be done at the earliest opportunity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25

sible that the letters received by Chair
man Fish Of the House investigating
committee charging Communist ac-
tivity as the cause Of these failures
were inspired by suspicion without any
tangible proof. It is not at all improb-
able that such q pernicious enterprise
is under way. It Is perfectly well known
that the Communists of America, In
spired largely by the bolshevik Com
munists of Russia, wish to break down
business and Government institutions
in this country. If they could under
mine confidence in the banks these
subversive agents of chaos would prob
ably do so.
It may be impossible to establish any
specific case of malicious rumor-mon-
gering leading or In any degree con-
tributing to these bank failures.
The one who hears and passes on a
report of the unsoundness of an inSti-
tuition may be innocent of any really
motive, although he is
in a harmful procedure.
The law constitutes the spreading of
such reports without justification or
for personal profit a criminal offense.
Probably very few people know this fact.
Again, probably very few who spread
rumors of bank weakness do so for
profit, even though they may be with
out justification. Whatever may be the
outcome of these inquiries now in
progress the wide advertisement that
the investigation is under way is
wholesome, for 1t serves to spread
abroad the fact that it is dangerous
and possibly criminal to circulate
Of bank weakness even though
hey do not result in financial disaster.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25
Meritorious District Legislation

1t is an accepted fact that only nom
controversial District measures have a
chance of being enacted at the present
short session Of Congress. There are
many meritorious pieces of legislation
that come within this category, but
probably none Of them exceeds in po-
tential benefits the Capper- Mcleod
safety responsibility bill for motorists.
This measure has passed the House, re-
ceived favorable report from the Sen
ate District Committee and is now on
the Senate calendar.
1t would amount almost to calamity
II Congress should adjourn without CIV
ing the District the manifold benefits
of this law. Characterized as the
finest motor legislation ever put on
the statute books" the safety re-
sponsibility bill, which is sponsored by
the American Automobile Association,
has proved q boon in the twelve States
and the Province Of Ontario, Canada,
that have already adopted 1t. Nc
State in which 1t is operative has
expressed the slightest dissatisfaction
with it, and it may be confidently
predicted that before the end Of next
year the roster Of States in which it i:
effective win be materially increased.
The law is simple and is easy t.
administer. II provides for the elimtna
ton Of the insolyent reckless motorist
md ct tha aauaa tina insares ananCia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25
The New Rediscount Rate.

Results of far-reaching financial i'm
portanee are expected to flow from the
action of the Federal Reserve Bank Of
New York in reducing the rediscount
rate from 21s to 2 per cent. The latter
figure becomes the lowest rate in the
history of the Federal Reserve System.
Its avcwed purpose, acknowledged by
bankers to be a constructive move of
the first magnitude, is to promote cheap
credit" with view to continued revival
of general business conditions. Hopes
along these lines are steadfastly cher
ished. even though, thus far, anticipated
effects have not flown from the easy
money" policy pursued by the Federal
bank Of issue throughout the economic
crisis.
In the securities market authorities
look for certain improvement in conse-
quence of the new rediscount rate. The
New York Times reflects the view that
the reduction would produce a further
decline in the yield on prime invest
ments, such as bankers bills and Gov
ernmentS"-that is, United States Sc
curities-which, in turn, will force banks
to direct their attention and funds to
other sections of the bond market for
investment.
Nothing could more graphically illus
trate the key" influence the American
money situation Yields than today's
word from Europe. France, whose
financial position in the world is second
only to that of the United States, with
a gold reserve of So billion francs-$2,-
000, 600, 000-is gratified by the new
York Federal Reserve Banks rediscount
move. 1t is apparently regarded in
Paris as an indication that American
be rolling together to the relief of less
fortunate countries in need of loans.
The Bank of France, to that end, is
expected shortly to follow New York's
lead and reduce its own rediscount rate
from az to 2 per cent. In all prob
ability, New York feels, the Bank Of
England rate will be maintained at
a higher level than those at New York
and Paris. Sterling would thus be
strengthened and the drain of gold
from London to other centers arrested.
The historic action of the principal
Federal Reserve Bank is a timely Of
fering to the American financial world.
Business is bound to enter upon the
rev year in a spirit of solidly revived
hope because of it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25
Courage and Confidence.

From the Pasadena Star-News.
1t is not typically American to whine
and become respondent in the face of
difficulties or temporary reverses. This
country, from the earliest Colonial days,
has come up through great tribula-
tion." The pioneers had no easy life.
The generation preceding this one did
not have its lines laid along channels
SO smooth as those accessible to the
present generation. Think of the tur-
MOL and strife just before the Civil
War. Contemplate the terrible devasta-
ton appertaining to and resulting from
that tnternecine strife. Ponder upon
the problems OF reconstruction and the
economic difficulties which arose after
the Civil War. Consider the distress
and hardship and misfortune attendant
upon the panics of 1873, 1898 and 1907.
Then compare the hurtful results of the
depression which began late in 1929 and
has persisted through the year The
American people are coming through
this period of arrested prosperity in
good shape, as compared with depres-
sion periods and panics of the past.
The American people of the past went
through periods of economic distress
with courage, fortitude and confidence
in the future. Those who live today
may look back and see that the courage
and confidence of the past was justified.
For after each period of a few lean
years there were many prosperously fat
years. History repeats itself There will
be many prosperous years following the
depression which IS now moving toward
Its end.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25
The Greatest University.

In commenting to the House the
other day upon the value of the Voll-
behr collection, purchased by Con-
gress and a part of which has been
placed on exhibition in the Library OF
Congress, Representative Moore of Vir-
GINA recalled that Gin his own time"
the Library was housed in the Capitol
and contained but a comparatively
small collection of books" Mr.. Moore
noted that the Library had very
small beginning indeed, with Mr.. JEFF
ferson appointing as the first librarian
John Beckley of Virginia, who received
two dollars a day for the days he &C
tually worked as librarian. Mr.. Beckley
was also the clerk of the House, and
neither of his tasks was in those days
a killing job.
All of this was by way of emphasis
upon the remarkable growth of the
Library as an institution that is MAIN
tanned for and by all the people. 1t
long since has outgrown its original
function of collecting reference data
for the members of Congress alone. One
Of Mr.. Herbert Putnam's ideals, during
the more than thirty years of his Ii
brarianship, has been to further the
work of scholarship throughout the
United States through the medium that
is offered by the Library, and Con-
gress has more than once shown its
sympathetic attitude by generous APP
preparations, such as that which went
for the purchase of the Vollbehr col
lection.
When" says Mr.. Putnam in his
annual report, Gin addition to provid-
ing $4,000 for the increase Of the
Library for the current year the House
and Senate voted unanimously to set
aside $1,5OO,OOO for the purchase of the
Vollbehr collection it was strik-
ingly demonstrated that Congress
earnestly desires to make its Library
one of the greatest reference libraries in
the world and q center for scholarly
research"
That this conception of the Library
is shared by an increasing number OF
private citizens is demonstrated in the
lengthy list Of valuable gifts received
by the Library during the past year. OF
these the most substantial has been
the grant from the Guggenheim Fund
for the Promotion of Aeronautics, with
an endowment for the establishment
and maintenance of a Chair of Aero
nautics." This becomes another ad-
dition to the increasing list of chairs
and endowments which serve more
than ever to make Of the Library the
great American University, while the
various projects" undertaken by the
Library are destined TO broaden its
field and scope far beyond any national
boundaries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-12-25
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

ton acts were passed in 1910, but sew
eral of them were held unconstitutional
notably that of New York, by the ia
nous Ives decision. The New York
Constitution was then amended and
another law passed. Congress in 1908
passed law providing for a plan of
compensation for accidents incurred by
industrial employees of the United States.
@. Are rubber trees being grown in
California ?-J. M S.
A. Rubber plants that are native TO
dry regions are being tested in Cali
fornia, in the coast districts as well
as in the interior valleys. Several dry
country rubber plants are known in
Mexico, while others are reported in
South America, AffSca and Madagascar.
The production OF rubber from the
Mexican Quayule plant (Partheniunn
argentatum) has been investigated care
fully by private corporation and the
stage OF agricultural practicabilty is
believed to have been reached in Cali
Iornia. The quayule rubber plants in
Arizona and California amount, at pres
ent, to several hundred acres.
|
@. Please explain the origin of the
Gobelin tapestry Industry l..
| A. The Gobelin tapestries originated
| In the work of former dyer. named
Gobelin, who in the fifteenth century
came from Reins to Paris, the family
having discovered a marvellous scarlet
dye which attracted great attention. In
the sixteenth century to the manufac-
ture OF dyes was added the manufac-
ture OF tapestry, which founded the
fortune of the family. Some of the
family were granted titles of nobility
and some became leading statesmen OF
France. In the reign of Louis XIV, the
ant toll IL
estry manufactures and they remain q
state activity.
@. Are Sea Scouts part of the Boy
Scouts organization Wv. NJ. G.
A. They are. These boys wear the
blue uniform. For the most part they
are associated with the regular Boy
Scout troops.
@. Which one of the many marches
written by John Philip Sousa Is his
favorite?-J. c.
a. Comdr. Sousa says that If he has
any preference at all he would name
Stars and Stripes Forever" This
march earned him $500. 900 in royalties.
The Washington Post March" has had
the largest sale of any of his compo-
sitionS, but he sold it outright for $35.
O. Is there typical American City?
M. w.
A. Some time ago the Literary Digest
called GAINESVILLE, Ohio, the typical
American city, but recently the ma
tional Child Health Council, after con-
sidering the qualifications of 80 COM
munities, gave Mansfield, Ohio, this
honor. 1t stated that il named Mans
field because of its location, the back
ground of its population, the agricul-
tural communities surrounding it, its
history, and its railroad transportation.
O. How many concerns are there that
manufacture electrical machinery
G. B.
A. There are about 5000 nanufac-
turerS Of electrical machinery, appa-
ratus and supplies, including those in
closely allied lines
@. Will hogs eat tomatoes?-W. T.
A. When fed with other kitchen
refuse, hogs will usually eat them, but
they do not like tomatoes and will not
eat them in quantities.