davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-10-10

Have You registered, or should you
get transfer? If YOU should doeither,
dealt fail to attend to the matter on
Tuesday, OCTOBER 14th, which is
the is the last Registration Day be-
fore this years election.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-10-10

MIR and Mrs. Temple Keen and son,
Mrs Effie Younger, Miss Lillian Mace
and Miss Mary G. Keene, of Baiti-
more, spent Sunday in the county with
friends.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1930-10-10

Mrs. Pere Wilmer has returned to
hcr home at Faulkner after visiting
her daughter Mrs. l1rnst F. Mechlin
il Washington
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30
Revolutionary Trade
Unions OF China and
the R.LL.U. Congress

risings in Shanghai in 1927, the
seizure of the British concessions in
Hankow and Chiukiang, etc. proved
completely the revolutionary spirit
and fine milan character of the
Chinese proletariat. However. the
rapid development of the labor
movement and the threat of lie on
coming agrari..I revollt III pushed
the kuomintang into the camp of
the counter-revolution. The first
step to be taken by the temporarily
victorious 'bourgeoisic was to pro-
hlblt all worker-pedsant organiza-
tons, those VII n which in cry way
at all revolutionary in character.
And considering the fact that in
reality there were no other organ
lzatlons in existence at that time
J. Chm conse- emily practically
all trade unions peasant unions
were closed down.
Owing to the cruel reign of ter
rorism which set in after the up
rising, the revc' :ionary traIe un-
ions were comp led to reol ganize
themselves and go underground.
The reaction did not limit itself to
merely Gissolving the trade union
organizations; it started the mass
determination of the trade union
leaders and active workers. The
labor movement in a whole number
of districts temporarily died out.
The transfer of the movement
from widespread legal organiza-
ton to a state of illegality, along
with the mass determination of its
active revolutionary workers, had a
most severe effect on the organiza-
tional state of the revolutionary
trade union movement.
The Fifth Congress of the All
China Trade Union Federation, held
on November 7-12, 1929, in Shang-
hal, stressed the fact that b. now
the revolutiona unions have not
yet succeeded in establishing a
powerful organi- alton. The scat
tered state Of the trade union in
the different enterprises and bran
ches of industry, Their strict group
character, their administrative at
titude, method of appointments, alb
sence of all trade union democracy,
and in connection with this, isola-
ton from the masses-such are the
principal shortcomings of the Red
trade unions. The rather poor or
ganizaticn of the All-China Trade
Unoin Federation to great extent
protracted the development of mass
activities and tn intensification of
militant leadership in the different
centres of the country. This ex-
plains the fact that in spite of the
growing influence Of the Red trade
unions due largely to the sharpen
ing economic conditions in China
and the growth of the revolation-
airy mood among he r'~-. the
number of members lined up in the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

now win for itself the peasant mas
ses and give leadership and deepen
and broaden the peasant revolts.
The intensity of struggle has
broken the iron chain of imperialist
censorship. The capitalist press now
is compelled to give due attention
to the Communist Party of India,
and to report that the masses in
Sholapur did attempt to organize
the power of Soviets there. The
world proletariat and colonial mas
ses must take these fragmentary
reports seriously. Because, as the
historical experiences of the Chin
csc Revolution, it is only the Com
munist Party of India-the van
guard of the Indian proletariat.-
That will lead the workers and pea
SAINTS to a victorious struggle for
the independence and liberation of
the Indian people. And that only
the Soviets of workers, peasants,
and soldiers are forms of organiza-
ton that can lead the arm insurrec-
ton and realize the Democratic Die
tatorship of the workers and pea
SAINTS. The Strengthening of the
Communist Party and the establish
ment of the hegemony of the
proletariat in the anti-imperialist
struggles are the immediate Urgent
tasks Of teh Indian Revolution.
While the Kuomintang in Gina
now acts. as the direct fascist agen-
cy of different imperialist powers,
the Indian National Congress are
maneuvering with British imperial
ism and endeavours to take the sup
preston of the revolving masses
under its own hands. The Con-
gress has long proved itself poll
teal prostitute. 1t always dreams
OF Dominion Status. 1t put UP
sham flight for Swaraji' only when
the masses under increased exploit
alton begin to fight against imperi-
alism. It's different schemes and
circus only serve the purpose of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

rival, each clique utilizes the work
ers as it's instruments under the
pretext of reorganization" Be-
cause we were suffering badly from
hunger and there seemed no way
out Of our misery we were happy
to hear the news of this reorganiza-
ton. We intended, moreover, to
seize this occasion for getting rid
of the committeeman appointed by
the Kuomintang and putting in
their places men of our own
choice.
The meeting for this reorganiza-
ton took place October 20. 1t this
meeting the unions with big men,
berships-the ricksha pullers, street
cleaners, etc. - declared that the
larger union, the greater should
be the proportion of elected las OPP
posed to appointed by the author
ites) committeeman The Kuomin-
t"r~ lafured this demand. We with
drew SO the conference had to end.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30
Ricksha Men i'm Picking Strike

remedy, but they had none. Later
on the committeeman informed us
that we could organize a consumers
cooperative society to get our rice,
flour, oil, salt, ETC., cheaper. The
funds for this purpose, they sug-
gested, could be raised thru an en-
tertainment. How lively was that
entertainment! 1t was attended by
very many people. A long time
afterwards, nevertheless, the cooper
ative had not yet been organized.
The several thousands of dollars
raised had merely gone into the
pockets of those committeeman.
Meanwhile winter drew on. The
weather got colder and colder day
by day. 1t really gets terribly cold
in Picking. When the north wind
blew, how we shivered! We had
no food nor clothing. All the while
the officials at the Kuomintang
headquarters and the committeeman
of the union had good food and
beautiful clothes. We were indig-
nant at such conditions. We de-
manded rice of the Kuomintang and
those committeeman chosen by that
body. We also asked that the
Picking Tramway company pay the
subsidy of $4,000 promised upon
it's establishment.
Last October the Peking General
Labor Union was being reorganized.
This body was originally controlled
by the head Kuomintang officials.
How could we have known that
among them there were the So
called Chang Kai-shek and Wang
Ching-wei cliques that were COM
peting for territory, for control of
the Picking General Labor Union,
for collection of the membership
dues, and in general for the mono
poly Of exploiting our fellow-work-
ers and dividing them against each
other? In order to overcome its
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

cars by my fellow-ricksha pullers
in Picking.
In Picking there are about 100000
men who pull -rickshas,
wheel barrows, carts, etc. Most of
them have to support a family. Fiji
ty cents (about 20 cents gold) is
the maximum income day. After
paying rent for the ricksha Cor
other vehicle) and a license fee
there is left only 80 to 40 cents
(about IL to II cents gold) for
food, clothing and housing for the
whole family.
In 1928 when the Kuomintang
captured Picking it was stated that
the Revolution had been completed.
Labor unions now had to be or
ganized since the Kuomintang re-
presented the cause of1the workers
Taking these honey words for real
we then began the organization OF
our union. The Ricksha Pullers
Union was thus built up. All the
rickshamen joined. When the Kuo-
mintcng designated certain per-
sons to act as our committeeman
the rickshamcn were surprised and
demanded Of the Kuomintang:
"Why must you Kuomintang men
in long gowns be our committee
men," They answered that they
were to help us so we said no more.
In this way the union was formed.
The membership dues were paid by
us. Thuss month after month pas
sed by. What. we asked ourselves,
are our benefits? Very, very few!
Moreover, such as these they were
secured by our own efforts. Why
were our committeeman picked out
by the Kuomintang All they did
was to live at our expense.
This year 1920 the number of
ricksha pullers in Picking was great
ly increased by the ex-soldiers
disbanded by the Kuomintang. Due,
moreover, to the militarist strlfg-
gles waged by the Kuomintang ann
the increased extortion practized by
that organization, there have been
few peoplc hiring our rickshas We
asked the authorities and the Kuo-
mintanS and committeeman for a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

whole number of industries gave
rise to a rapid growth of unem-
ployment, with the simultaneous
growtL of female and child labor.
In accordance with this the work
among the unemployed, the women
workers and juniors comes to be az
great significance. However, the
revolutionary trade unions did very
little in this direction. Only in
Shanghai the revolutionary active
workers are carrying on some sort
of work among the unemployed
Only in several of the larger cities,
in Shanghai and Hongkong have
women's and children's sections at
some of the enterprises been set up.
This work still lags behind the de-
mands of actual life. The Fifth
Congress of the All-China Trade
Union Federation adopted a resolu-
ton about this question for inten-
styling the work among the women
workers and juniors, for organizing
sections of women workers and
juniors and of electing representa-
tives of the women workers and
young workers to all organs of the
trade unions.
In spite of great number of
weaknesses and shortcomings, the
Revolutionary trade unions in China
have carried out some fine work,
particularly during the course of
the past two years. A great deal
has already been achieved lending
to make the All-China Trade Union
Federation a militant mass organi-
cation. The upsurge in the labor
movement and the intensifying
strike struggles give rise to favor
able perspectives for the further
development of the revolutionary
trade union movement, for winning
over and lining up the majorssy -
the toiling masses.
1Gsia
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

trade unions is very small (accord-
ing to report of the Executive of
the All-China Federation of Trade
Unions of the RI.L.U. of January
Z, 1880, there are 10000 members).
Besides more than half of the men,
bership is comprised of professional
workers. This shows clearly that
the All-China Federation of Trade
Unions has up till now conducted
its work along the line Of least
resistance, for it is much easier and
less dangerous to work among pro-
fessional workers than it is to work
among industrial workers, the latter
being strictly controlled by The fac
tory administrations and Kuomin-
tang authorities. Bad organization
also exercised it's influence in the
way of insufficient leadership of
the battles Of the workers by the
revolutionary trade unions: the
majority of the strikes as a rule
broke out spontaneously and were
carried on without sufficient revo-
lutionary Leadership.
Besides the above mentioned
shortcomings, large drawback in
the work of the revolutionary trade
unions were the mistakes permitted
in a whole number of localities in
the struggle for winning over the
masses from the yellow trade I'M
ions. Although the time of COM
pletely ignoring the yellow trade
unions and not wishing to conduct
any work in them is gradually COM
ing to an end, however, the tactics
for the struggle against the yellow
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

still over 200 in Jail. The executed
was CHA n-shan, one of our
most honored leaders. In court how
bravely he cried out the slogans:
Down with the Kuomintang! Down
with imperialism! Workers of all
China, unite!" When our leaders
wre executed we had unfortunately
nd money for their burial nor for
food to their dependents. Our
union was dissolved and our head
quarters closed. Nobody cared what
became of US.
We were very worried for we
ricksha pullers have anything but
money! 1t was not long, however,
before a representative from the
Tientsin branch of the Red Aid got
in touch with us. He told us that
our fellow-workers in that city
sympathized deeply with us. By
their aid we were then able to hold
a funeral service for the executed
We also arranged reception at
which representatives from both the
Tientsin and Shanghai branches of
the Red Aid encouraged US. We
thus came to realize the need of our
participating in this organization
So we at once took steps to or
ganize. Within a few days Red
Aid branch of rickshamen was
formed in Picking with 200 members.
We were asked to send a delegate
to this, the second national confer
ence of the Chinese Red Aid. My
fellow-rickshamen elected me SO
this is how / came to be here.
What is my impression? 1t is
this: "Would it not be good for us
workers by united action to over
throw the tramcar capitalists and
the Kuoinintang in Tientsin, WI
Han, Shanghai and other places ?
We must unite. just as we dele
gates workers, peasants and stud
ents. and the representative of the
International Red Aid are united
here in this conference, for that
purpose.
In. closing, ! hope that this con-
ference may be able to give some
relief to. our 200 rickshamen who
are still in, jail in 'Peking. They are
suffering from the cruelest oppres-
sion.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30
China Soviet Congress
and the Indian Revolt
Two Outstanding Revolutionary Events
~ ~. ~ - ii''''sfs ;t.l.sli;

misleading the masses and prevent
ing the development of a genuine
mass anti-imperialist movement.
The victorious development of the
Indian Revolution presuposes re-
lentless exposure and struggle
against the treacherous Indian Ma
tional Congress.
The establishment of the regional
Soviet Power in China, which is the
first important step towards the es-
Establishment Of an All-China Soviet
Republic, the broad and deep char
acter of the present Indian Revo-
luton, which is assuming the stage
of Soviet Revolution of workers
and peasants, acquire international
significance. These Notwithstanding
events, particularly the establish
ment of the Soviet Power in China,
demonstrate clearly the character,
form and outlook of the revolution
airy movement the colonial and
semi-colonial countries. They are
also taking place amidst a period
of the general crisis of world cap
italism and an upsurge of the pro-
letarian revolutionary movement in
the capitalist countries and of rising
anti-irnperialist struggles in Asia,
which means that another one-sixth
of the area and about one-half of
the population of the earth is be-
ing conquered by the forces of
world revolution and socialism from
the world of capitalism.
American imperialism undoubted-
ly is greatly concerned with China,
but it is no less interested in In
dia. At present time the American
working class must more than ever
give international solidarity and
support to the colonial masses in
their struggle for liberation, par
ticularly those that are under the
direct iron yoke of American i'm
perialism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

THE ALL China Federation of Trade
Unions, embracing all revolution
airy trade unions in China, was or
gained on May 1, 1925, at the
Second All-China Trade Union Con-
gress. During the course of two
years, from the middle of 1925 up
to the middle of 1927, the Fedora
ton kept increasing its ranks, its
membership going up from 100000
in 1925 to 100000, in 1927. The
Kuomintang, DESTROYS of getting the
support of the proletariat during
the time of the Northern Expedi-
ton, was obliged to give a certain
amount of freedom to the labor
movement, and this, under the con-
ditions of merciless and brutal ex-
ploitation experienced by the Chin
csc workers, furthered to a great
degree its organizational growth.
The Communist Party of China
vas precisely that force which from
the very outset crystallized organi-
nationally the spontaneous move
ment of the Chinese workers for i'm
proving their labor and living con-
ditions. During the time of the
Northern Expedition the trade I'M
ions, taking advantage of their
legal position, lined up large num-
hers of the workers in their ranks,
end came to be; under the leader
ship of the Communists, at the head
Of the developing revolutionary
movement. The series of mass
strikes and politically armed mani
festations of that period (three up
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

workers who are our brothers in one
family"
Taken by surprise at our out
break the Kuomintang police and
gendarmerie had to hide away while
the well-to-do ladies and gentlemen
who dash to and fro on the streets
of Peking in their motorcars sour
ried away to shelter. Peking thus
became our world! After destroy
ing ten or more of the tramcars-
a job taking some four hours
we went home victorious. We had
an especially sweet sleep that night!
When we awoke the next morn
ming we thought it would be very
busy day for US, the tramcars hav-
ing been destroyed. Contrary to
our expectations, when we set forth
with our ricllshac the streets were
full of police and military guards,
armed with sharp, glittering
swords and rifles with bayonets
affixed. They seized us and we
were all arrested. AS were then all
scattered it was easy for the author
tiles to take us. The police and
soldiers abused us while the rich
and the officials sneered at us. We
were put in prison at the headquar-
ters of the Public Safety Bureau.
This place was very soon over
crowded. We were then transferred
to an open-air enclosure in the
Kuang- Ming pa,,ce. There were
some 10000 prisoners, their ages
running from ID to 60 years Of age.
1t was, indeed, miserable and
pitable picture-the thousands of US
with but single and outworn gar
ment, shivering and crying in the
bitter north wind! . -
A few days later the Kuomintang
officials tried us. We were branded
as rioters and outlaws. Fellow
representatives.! We were only
struggling for = little rice to eat!
What did we know about rioters and
outlaws! Afterwards a part Of the
rickshamen were released Two
thousand were expelled from Pek-
ing. Three of our leaders were
executed. In December there were
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30

unions are still not correct from
many angles. The whole struggle
is general limited to fight against
some of the individual yellow lead
ers, and against their treacherous
actions. Time and again the fight
between the Red and Yellow active
workers is only based on the desire
to replace some one leader, while
the characted and content of the
work in the trade unoin is not sub
ject to any change even after the
yellow union had been changed into
a red one. In the experience of the
revolutionary trade unions cases can
be registered when the toiling mas
ses themselves drove out some of
the yellow leaders, while the rvo-
lutionary active workers did not
agree to take their place, fearing
repressive measures on the part
of the Government, and thus re-
nouncing the leading places to the
Centrists. And also, the chief task
is not being carried out sufficient
ly-work among the rank and file
of the yellow unions.
Thus it happens that the ever
extending labor movement grows
out beyond the framework of the
revolutionary trade unions and the
toiling masses in many districts
come to the fore, leaving the leaders
of the Red trade unions to drag
along in the tail end.
Closely bound up with the strug-
gle against the yellow leaders is
the question of setting up factory
committees. During the space of
two years, since the Fourth RLL.U.
Congress, at which the necessity
for organizing factory committees
was stressed, only some insight
ficant work was. accomplished. Time
and again the comrades inside the
Federation and even the Executive
of the Federation, under different
pretenses, would come forward
against the organization of factory
committees; these evidently failed
to realize the significance Of the
factory committee as a tool for win
ming over the wide proletaran mas
ses to our cause. The Fifth Con-
gress of the All-China Trade Union
Federation put an end to all waver-
ings with regard to this question,
and stressed the necessity of organ
izing factory committees at all en-
terprises, like bodies elected by the
workers themselves.
The sharpening of the economic
crisis and the capitalist rationale
cation processes introduced into a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30
BY T. HI. Ii

? By T. H. Ii
THE forthcoming Soviet Congress
y in China and the increasing and
deepening mass revolts in India are
the outstanding events not only of
the revolutionary movement in the
East, but also of the revolutionary
movement throughout the entire
world.
The heroic young proletariat of
China under the leadership of the
Communist Party through bloody
struggles has secured the hegemony
IL the national liberation movement.
1t has won over to its side the pea
SAINT masses and the exploited
stratum of the Electromagnetic by
its revolutionary program and
fighting ability. Only after two
years since the defeat of the first
revolutionary wave in China, de-
spite the combined attack of foreign
imperialists and native bourgeoisie,
the revolution now develops rapid
iys liz 4Ol CllSOlHlIlS L lIoG Sall-SlllIlt
Soviet Congress, on the 80 of May,
marks milestone in the develop
ment of the struggle for power, for
the establishment of the Democratic
Dictatorship of workers and pea
SAINTS against the exploiting and
bloody dictatorship of Imperialism,
bourgeoisie, landgentry, and mill
tarism.
On the other side of the Hima-
laya, the revolts in India are as
Stunning such a scope and character
almost as in China. Notwithstand-
ing the iron rule of the Social-im-
perialist Macdonald government
and the circus betraying maneuvers
of Ghandi and the Indian National
Congress, the Indian masses are
moving forward in gigantic steps.
The Indian proletariat, by the great
strikes in Bombay, Calcutta, and in
other large cities, has shown its
determination and ability in the
anti-irlperialic5 struggle. 1t must
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-05-30
By A RICKSHAWAN

editor Note.-The following is
an extract from a literal transla-
tion of the strike of ricksha pullers
in Picking Peiping) last October,
as related by a ricksha puller who
was delegate to the national con-
ference OF the Chinese Red Aid, held
in Shanghai last December. 1t is
a significant revelation of the state
of mind of increasingly large groups
of the masses).
Fellow representatives of the Chin
csc Red Aid!
am ricksha .puller. I will tell
you about the destruction of tram