New Britain herald., 1930-08-13
Institute of Politics Speakers. Differ In Discussion of Japan's
 Demands Over l0-7 Naval Ratio
British Admiral Takes Ex- ,ception to Comments of Assistant Secretary of State Castle.

Wllllamstown, Mass. Aug. 13 P)
 Views of Japan's demands for a iV-' naval ratio were at variance in the general conference on the
 far eastern situation" at the Insti- tute of Politics today.
 William R. Castle, assistant sec retary Of state, in a paper read at the conference in his absence. stated that in his stay in Japan as Amer lean ambassador during the London naval conference he was told that the l0-7 ratio gave Japan "a fight ing chance" against the American fleet in the western Pacific, while the United States believed a 10-6 ra- tio to be fair.
 He pointed out that in Japan the United States alone was blamed for refusal to agree to the Japanese terms although it was perfectly clear that Great Britain would not agree 10 the 10-7 ratio in large cruisers whatever we might do"
 Britisher Replies
 Exception to these statements was taken by Admiral Sir Herbert Rich mond, former president of the Brit ish Imperial Defense College. Con- corning Japan's demands for 10-7 ratio he called attention to Japan's Nulnerabiity in its need to maintain food lines with the mainland. with reference to Mr. Castles statement that d 10-6 ratio would be fair and give Japan adequate security, Ad- miral Richmond suggested that "Ja- pan is as good a judge as Mir Castle in this matter" "does he or we know whether she is safe. if she is secure in her home waters?" he asked
 To Mir. Castles observation that even if the United States had agreed to a 10-7 ratio Great Britain would have objected. Admiral Richmond would express no opinion. He doubt ed he said, whether one can rightly introduce such hypothetical issues into discussion of this wind"
 Mir Castle said that he had been Sent to Japan by the president "pri- marily that l might keep London and Washington currently informed on Japanese opinion" He refuted the idea that Japan would attack the United States because of trade rivalry or because of the alleged Japanese desire to own the Philip pines
 Tt is obvious, therefore, that Ja- pan was not thinking in terms of aggression but as a defender against possible attack by us" he explained. "I think that Japan at last realized that the aim of the conference was the security of the nations concern ed, a security resulting from the fact that no nation could be challenged by any other in it's territorial waters"
 Differ On Aims
 Admiral Richmond declared that Mir. Castle incompletely expressed the aim of the conference. The aim, he said. was to achieve a reduction compatible with security He dis sented from Mir. Castles definition Of security. pointing out that Great Britain might be triumphant in her own waters and starved if trade with her colonies were cut off.
 Yusuke TsurumL former member Of the Japanese imperial diet stated that the balance of power in the western Pacific will only be maln- tained by far-seeing policy of the two leading powers of the west, England and America, by recogniz- ing the aspirations and needs of the eastern peoples and taking a liberal attitude toward those nations Tn the matter of economic opportunity.
 Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn, chlet Of staff of the United States fleet. said that Japanese fear of America had not heen based on Americas policy in China while fear of Japan in America had been based on Ja- pans policy toward the Philippines. In each country he said, the people had picked a 'bogey."
 G. Delisle Burns, professor Of the University of Glasgow and lecturer of the University of London, at the round table discussion on "analysis of western civilization" Said, peace will not be secure until the prepara- ton for war ceases to dominate the foreign policy of states"