davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
STANDARD RULES
OF ETIQUETTE

Question: What IS the best meth
Cd OF paying the check when en-
tertaining with q dinner at a res
taurant or hotel?
Answer: In order 10 avoid con-
fusion or embarrassment, when en-
tertaining in this way, the wise
host or hostess orders the meal
ahead, pays for it in advance, in
cluding the walters tip.
When it is not possible TO order
the dinner beforehand, the waiter
then presents his check TO the host
or hostess face down. II there IS
an overcharge, the host should new
er dispute the bill before his guests,
but rather ask them 10 wait for him
in the reception room or foyer,
while he adjusts the matter with
the head waiter.
If woman is entertaining a par
ty where men are included as
guests. It is far more graceful 10
prepay the meal.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Jail Holds Two
Pending Hearing,

Among other prisoners booked at
the county jail last night wece Jack
Fields, 81 and George GrWlad0, So
arraigned yesterday afternoon in
BraWley.
Fields was arraigned on q bad
check charge. and bail set at $500
He was charged with passing a
bad check on George krueger of
BraWley
Bail for George Grunado on a
statutory charge was set at $1,000.
Otner prisoners booked in the
county jail last night Included J I1n
Cortez, 80. and Herlendo Carpio
l8, on immigration charges. and
Oliver Lading, held by city police
for investigation.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
First Presbyterian

At the II o'clock worship hour
there will be a special Armistice
program. The pastor, Rev. John
5. A. Gum, will have for his sub
ject, The Way to Permanent
Peace" The special music by the
choir will be, The Recessional'
De Koven; Pax Tecum". Caldbeck.
Other special numbers will be cor
net solos by DR.. Edwin o. Carter,
Ave Maria Shubert; and "Ber-
ceuse' from "Jocelyn"
The church school meets NJ the
usual hour. 9:45. Mrs. Fred P. Nut
tall, uperintendent. Our slogan
for next Sunday, Everybody Pres
ent and Everybody on Time"
On account of the Armistice day
holiday, the Ladies' Guild will meet
Wednesday, November y, luncheon
at o'clock The chairman Of the
luncheon committee for the day
will be Mrs. f. Z. Clements with
the following as assistant hostess
es: Mesdames w. j. Clements. II.
c Coe. T. p Creighton, Fred
Cross, Sem Bacon and r. II. Carey
Kindly telephone Mrs. E. E. Glenn
ents early for reservations.
The Christian Endeayor meets
at $50. Leader Mona Kupelian.
Subject, THE Stay-At- Home Mis-
sionary. There will be special
music. All young people of this
age group not attending elsewhere
are cordially invited to attend.
A special invitation is extended
TO all those not having any regular
church home to join with us in this
cervice.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Cicic Orchestra Plans
To Resume Rehearsals

Mrs, Marie Jenkins is leaving to-
cay for Los Angeles and expects to
return on Tuesday. the purpose of
her trip being the selection of
music for the civic orchestra.
So many requests have been re-
ceived for the continuance of this
institution. that Mrs. Jenkins made
special trip for the music and
upon her return Will call for re-
hearsals. Members will be notified
in sufficient time TO attend the re-
hearsal and concert VIII be given
later in the season.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
BUFFET SUPPER
H0NORS VISITOR

HonOring Mrs. Rodney Herman OF
san Diego, who Is visiting trenos
in the valley, Mrs Howard P Meyer
entertained with q charming bu1..et
supper last night at her home on
Wensley avenue.
Fall flowers in brilliant colors de-
cOrated the rooms and the dining
tables, and following the supper Il
bridge game was enjoyed
Mrs. Gerald Baldwin OF San Diego
received the first prize. Mrs. Allen
P. Nuffer the second and Mrs. r
w Campbell the third, Mrs. Her
man receiving q pretty guest prize
Those present at this delightful
affair included a number OF Mrs
Hermans friends, Mrs. Herman
being former resident of this city
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
TUNNEY SUIT TO
GO TO JURY SOON

NEW YORK, Nov. 8. {UR)-Tim-
othy j Mara's $500,00O suit against
Gene Tunney, retired worlds
heavyweight champion will go to a
jury Monday after counsel on each
side had summed up the case.
Testimony was completed yeSter
day when Mara's counsel finished
cross examining Tunney. Gene
proved himself a cautious witness
by figuratively examining even ths
simplest questions from ali angle
before replying.
Mara claims a 25 percent slice o.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
BRIDGE CLUB MEETS
AT WrRITELAW HOME

Mrs r, B. Whitelaw entertained
the members Of the Friday bridge
club yesterday at luncheon for the
first meeting Of the club this sea-
son.
Following the daintily appointed
luncheon, contract was enjoyed.
prizes being won by Mrs. Dorsey
WhitelaW and Mrs. Don c. Bit
ier
Guests of the hostess were Mrs.
Rodney Herman OF San Diego. Mrs.
Leroy Holt, Mrs. j. d. Adams and
Mrs. Gerald l.. Baldwin. The club
members present included Mes
danes Clarence f. Conant. James
". Glassford. Howard P. Meyer,
Allen P Nuffer, Dorsey Whitelaw.
Henry L. Loud. Don c. Bitler and
tie hostess.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Many Listen To
Billy Watson

Many are going 10 hear Billy
Watson at the Foursquare Gospel
church, Fourteenth and Olive
streets, where this Irish evangelist
IS bringing inspiring messages to the
congregation.
A special meeting will be held
Sunday evening, the service TO be-
gin at Z O'Clock, and in addition
TO the address by Billy" Watson,
Sister Matthias, dressed IN a costume
from Jerusalem, who was overseas
at the time Of Sister Mcpherson s
sailing, will give a talk.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
ETS. X. T. Estes, Jr.
LenUeS For Honolulu

Mrs. Roy T, Estes, Jr., sailed this
morning from San Pedro for Hon
clulu where she Will join her nus
band who is in business there.
Prior to her departure yesterday,
She has been guest Of honor at
number Of smart affairs given for
ner by her friends. Her mother.
Mrs. S. (. Woody accompanied her
to Los Angeles.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Woms12,s e297[as=s97l;.' I13terestts5 I17th=a,sazt5
DISTINGUISHED GROUP OF PIONEERS
HON OR GUESTS AT DINNER LAST NIGHT
) siiili.ltiititiiii

groom in Imperial Valley. and Mr..
and Mrs. McPherrin are among
the group OF pioneers responsible
ior the growth and development Of
HE community
The entire party included Mr..
gnd Mrs. Edgar. Miss Roberta Ed
gar. Mr.. and Mrs. McPherrin and
Darden McPhergin. Mrs. Z. II.
RockwOod Mrs. Carrie OverShiner
Of San Diego, c. N. Perry. and DR.
". r. Feffernan
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08

the champions earnings under
contract the two supposedly agreed
to, but Tunney contends he is not
entitled to the money because he
did not cause the first Dempsey
Tunney bout to be held in New
York. This, Tunney claims, was his
part of the contract.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Rebckdi,S Plan Bazaar
For Early December

Barbara Worth RebeKahS are
planning 4 bazaar and cooked TODD
sale for December 6. according tc
4 decision reached at last night :
meeting held il the Davis H1H.
In addition to the above the chlet
business Of the meeting centered or
The nominating Of officers Tor the
coming year, the election to be held
n the near future.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
MENUS FOR THE FAMILY

Pepper is one Of the spices most
commonly used in the average
home, yet few housekeepers dis
criminate between the varieties
when choosing it. White pepper
does not produce better flavor
than black, but ii is bit easier
to digest and is less noticeable in
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Daily Menu

BREAKFAST-Sliced peach
es. boiled rice with chopped
figs, cream, crisp toast, waf-
fies, milk, coffee.
LUNCHEON-Corn chowder,
peanut butter sandwiches,
baked apples, oatmeal drop
cookies. grape juice.
DINNER-Braised lamb with
vegetables, endive and tomato
salad, baked peach custard,
milk, coffee.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
Social Brevities

The regular meeting of the Y.
W. C. A board scheduled for Mon
Gay has been postponed until
November IT when it will be held
at the home OF Mrs. Dwight Smith,
l25i State.
Twice Told Tales section Of the
Woman's Ten Thousand club will
De held Monday afternoon at 2;30
in the club house tea room with
Mrs. J. s. Larew as hostess and
Mrs. Earle G. Davis as story teller.
Members Of the Literature Sec
ton Of the Ten Thousand club are
reminded Of The meeting Monday
morning at $50 to be held IN the
tea room OF the club house at which
time the section VIII begin the
study OF Greek drama.
Cushions may be obtained at the
Oageant tonight from members OF
the American Legion Auxiliary who
are in charge Of the sale, the pro-
ceedS from which will go TO the
various AuXiliaries Of the valley.
The White Shrine Social club
will not hold its usual meeting
Tuesday Of next week due 20 the
fact that the meeting falls on q ma
tional holiday, Armistice day.
R. T. Estes of this city is receiv-
ing congratulations from his
friends today on the fact that this
is his seVenty-sixth birthday. His
family here is celebrating the oc-
casion, while tomorrow Estes will
be guest Of honor at a family re-
union at the r J. r Fowbles home
IN Jacumba.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH

4
c.. E. FIANGIN, Pastor
Reside Orang Phone '9u-"
SERVICES
all A. H. Moody supt
Worship. II o'clock
nv Privileges Obligations
Choir
Fyenin 730"Nh Is Matter With Father
the
Nov IL
Choir Friday
Claypool j. c. Phelps Choir Director
Heartily
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08

Tie walnut husk fly, successfully
comhatcl this season has still
spread over more territory, infest-
:na 500 more acres than last year.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
STOCK QUOTATIONS.

Hemet, Riverside County, this
year shipped two cars of Baby Lii
ma beans.
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
st. PauPs Episcopal

The twelfth anniversary Of the
signing of the Armistice will be OBJ
served at the services tomorrow at
ST. Pauls Episcopal church, Fifth
street between Orange and Holt
avenue, according TO an announce
ment made by the Rev Charles
Wilson Baker, vicar
Holy Eucharist will be observed
at 8 a. m. and Sunday school will
be held at the usual hour o. 10 A..
M. All ere cordially invited to
these services.
Visalia, Tulare County, will hold
n FIouo, chou NpvaD1hpr 1d-1E
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08
ST. PauYs Evangelical Lutheran Church


W
Two Lutheran Sunday morning in our
block west
of main highway Yuma, Valley Hospital
English al 45. worship al l1:Ou
hearty welcom to
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08

Visalia, Tulare County, viii holo
a flower show November l4-l5
Imperial Valley press., 1930-11-08

The Assembly of God Church
OF Tenth Avenue
c. Z. SHIELDS, Pastor
Residence AIT Imperial Avenue, Imperial
Sunday worship-l1 a. m. 7:30 p. m
Sunday School 9:45 Glasses all ages. Stark Supt
Mid Week Meetings Tuesday, p. IN.
Young Peoples Meeting. Friday 7:30 p. IN.
A Cordial Invitation All
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
'INSULL CIR CUP
WILL SPE n D
| S200,000,000
Permanent improvements to
Be Ordered for Properties
of Company; Meeting Called

Permanent improvements pro
posed for properties in the insult
group extending into 1891 will
call for the expenditure Of be-
tween $l95 100000 and 5000, 900,
600, Samuel insult. leading Mid
West utility magnate, estimated
today.
This figure, he said. Is slightly
greater than that submitted to
President Hoover at the White
House business conference last
year.
The budget includes work al
ready done this year, as well as
new projects now under way to
be completed in 1881. Mr.. insult
laid emphasis on the fact that
the sum was particularly large
for a year of general business de
preston and gave a comparative
figure of STAT 100000 for 1928
and slightly more than the same
amount. for 1929.
Wide Area Represented
Expenditures now planned viii
be spread over 30 or 30 States
OF the total $124,000, 900 has beer
and will be used in and around
Chicago.
Mr.. insult asserted that the
sum to be expended illustrates
the reasonable indication of faith
operating men have in the coun
try's future and in the utility
! business.
Because time must eIapse be
fore such capital OutIayS be-
come productive, current depres-
sion must be regarded as only
temporary" he believed, adding;
Notwithstanding b u II n eSs
conditions, 1t has been easy
enough to raise money for CAPT
tai expenditures this year and
we believe IL will be the same
for the expenditures we expect
to make next year.
I'VE have no trouble in selling
for investment either stocks or
bonds. Therefore we feel the
public shares our faith in the
future of our business"
Gas Use Past Peak
Experience of the past year. ir
his opinion, indicates that al
though the use of manufactured
gas has more or less reached the
Saturation point, except in house
heating and the arts. the decrease
in revenue from the sale of gas
in times of depression Is relatively
slight.
With regard to electricity he
predicted a steady increase of use
for household purposes woult
more than compensate decreased
sales to other consuming indus
tries.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
'SeVen Candy Dealers
Due to Pay Fine

The Supreme Court declined to
review the conviction of seven
candy dealers convicted OF con.
spiracy to violate the Sherman
antitrust law through the Chicago
Association Of Candy Jobbers.
Those appealing were William
j. Briley, Albert A. Hoffman. A..
Goldsmith. Richard j. JepSon.
Leslie j. Kerksick, Chris Laurti-
zen and Henry Meisterling. They
were assessed fines ranging from
$1,000 to $4,000. with jail SEN
tenceS in some cases.
The Government contended in
the lower courts that the defend
ants used violent methods. such
as window smashing and the use
of stink bombs" to gain their
ends. They were charged with at
tempting boycott Of jobbers and
manufacturers, who refused to
comply with the association de-
creeS,
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Slump Seen in Work
For d. g. LnbOrers

Or. John O'Grady, director Of
District Catholic Charities, yester-
day declared that *1.5OO District
laborers soon viii be out of en-
ployment.
This win be due. he said, to the
fact that the District employs 1000
day laborers seven months in the
year and only $500 In the five re-
naming months. DR.. O'Grady
was speaking at the first fall meet
ing Of the Council of Social
Agencies. He said the Board of
Public Welfare is being urged to
place a request for an emergency
appropriation Of 100000 before
Congress in order to relieve the
private family welfare agencies Of
some Of their burdens.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
nanciaI Market Nes Stocks Bonds COMMODITIES and Comment
'49 Cities, States
Offering Bonds

The city Of Phoenix, .Ariz., with
an Offering Of $3,442,000 water,
sewer and funding bonds sched-
uled for Wednesday, heads the
list Of 40 State and municipal bor-
rowers. who have planned flota.
tions during the coming week. &C
cordtng to the Daily Bond Buyer.
The total Of all scheduled offer.
iags is S13,624,278, as compared
with $51,305 yO56 during this week!
This weeks large total is &C.
counted for by city Of Detroit Of
fering of SIS 100000 short.term
notes. The weekly average Of new
State and municipal bond offer
ings for the year to date is $50,
414,666.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
STORES
SALES GAIN

A table of So chain store COM
panies rep 1rting their results for
the first nine months of 1890,
showing aggregate sales of $2S04,-
181, ,652, against $2,856, ,902,559, an
increase of 1.65 per cent, has been
compiled by Merrill, Lynch g. Co.
Aggregate sales of these com
panies for September totalled
$31O,535, $50, as compared with
$324,O17, ,661 for September, 1929,
a decrease of 4.16 per cent.
Among the companies which
showed increases in September,
1880, over the results of Septem-
ber, 1929, were: Great Atlantic &
Pacific Tea Co., F. w. Woolworth
Co., First National Stores, Inc,
S. H. KreSs & Company, w. T.
Grant Company, Walgreen Co..
]. J. Newberry Company, F. & w.
Grand-Silver Stores, Inc, Schultz
United Scent to 81 Stores, Inc.
Melville Shoe Corporation, McLel-
Ian Store Company, Lerner
Stores Corporation, Diamond Shoe
Corporation, Lane Bryant, Inc,
G. C. Murphy Company, Peoples
Drug Stores, Inc.
OF the above companies, the
following showed increase in Sep
tember owe August of this year:
F.. w. Woolworth Co., First Ma.
tional Stor IS, Inc, S. H. KreSs Il
Company, F. & w. Silver
Stores, Inc, Schultz United Scent
to 81 Stores, Inc. Melville Shoe
Corporation. Lerner Stores Cor.
poration, Diamond Shoe Corpra-
tin, Lane Bryant, Inc.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
NeU FunkstOWnIFire
Group Elects Heads

HAGERSTOWN, Nd, Oct. II.
Organization Of the Funkstown
Volunteer Fire Department was
effected recently with the cleo
ton Of officers and adoption Of
bylaws:
The following were elected to
serve for one year: President, c.
@. Hoffmaster; secretary, s. p.
Shilling; treasurer. John D. Holly.
day: vice presidents, Harry Fina-
frock and r. G. williams; stand
ing committee. Guy Hebb, Harry
Lowman'. Bernard Ball, Lester
Bailey, c.. M. Keller; pipenlan,
George Rosenberg.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Creole Petroleum
I To Issue RigIttS

Stockholders Of the Creole Pc
,troleum Corp, Venezuelan subsi6i-
airy of the Standard Oil Co. Of
New Jersey, have been notified of
q special meeting to be held on
November 7 to vote on the pro
posed increase in the authorized
capital of the company and the
issuance of rights
The plan involves the increase
in the number Of shares from
5000 900 to 1000, 900 no.par shares
and the sale Of the additional
shares at $4.25 each. The Stand
ard Oil Co. of New Jersey will
purchase all the shares which are
not taken up by the stockholders.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
.LAGGARD TRADING IS SEEM
31FOR STOCK MARKET
Lower Prices Predicted for Opening; Stee
Directors Meeting Not to Have Much
ffA' Effect on Trend
by THE SPECTATOR,

Developments Of the past week have been anything but
favorable for the stock market and there is little reason to be-
lieve that the immediate outlook is bright.
Among the important events of the week the meeting
Of the directors of the United States Steel Corporation today
probability action in to the distribution OF
special payment will be taken. not inclined to believe
however that such action will have marked effect on
the stock market
think the opening today win be lower with prices Sffen
ing the session progresses still adhere to my previous
policy Of advising sales all rallies.
There stocks that look cheap at current levels
but why fishing when there is chance Of getting the
stock five ten points lower? IT, however must
buy something buy the good stocks that selling at com
parativey high yields.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Mexican Oil ShOUs
SLiqht Reduction

TAMPICO, Oct. 13.-Crude oil
production in the Tuxpan and
Panuco districts In the week
ended October A 4averaged 1926
barrels daily. against 84.2s6 bar
rels daily in the week ended Sep
tember 81. Light oil output aver
aged 1926 barrels daily the pre-
vious week, while heavy oil aver.
aged 1926 barrels daily. COM
pared with 48,57t@ Barrels the pre-
ceding week.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
GrOWers Win
$50 Dnn1nue Suit

WINCHESTER. Va, Oct. IA
A. suit for damages by the Ridge
wood Fruit Growers, Inc, against
earn Renner as the result of an
automobile collision between cars
owned by the above parties, was
heard. before Judge Philip Will
ianls in the circuit court.
Renner is said to be a fugitive
from justice and he was repre-
sented in court by Attorney Burr
Harrison. who pleaded mot
guilty" Judge williams allowed
the Ridgeway Orchards $180.65
damages.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
DeUry Corp. Output
Beinq Increased

o. R. s. Devry Corporation is
now shipping motion-picture pro
jectors to dealers at the rate OF
500 a day, according to T. M.
Fletcher. president.
Production is being increased
as rapidly as possible to TOO pro-
jectors a day to accommodate an
increasing volume of untitled
orders, Mr.. Fletcher said.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Michael CGhiIL NeW
Head of MKT. R.R.

Michael H. Cahill, of New York
city, has been elected president
of the Missouri Kansas Texas
railroad. succeeding Columbus
Halle, resigned. He is assuming
duties as president in addition
TO present position of chairman
of the board and chairman of the
executive committee.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Politics in Germany
Subject of Address

DR.. Sigfried Lipschitz, graduate
of the University of Berlin and
representative of German social
democratic newspapers in the
Capital, will be the speaker at a
meeting of the Brotherhood of the
Washington Hebrew Congregation
tomorrow night in the vestry
rooms of the temple.
DR.. Lipschitz will speak on THE
Political and Economic Situation
in Germany Today"
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Jordan Motor Corp.
To Be ReOrannized

Reorganization of the Jordan
Motor Car Corporation to be cf-
fected by its absorption by a new
company called the Jordan Mo-
tors Corporation, has been an
nOunced.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
MISS HARDY TO SPEAK

Miss Rose Lees Hardy, assistant
superintendent of primary instruc
tion in the public schools, will
speak at meeting Of the Francis
Scott Kay Parent Teacher Asso
ciation, to be held at7::3O tonight
in the school on Dana Place, Po
tomac Heights.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Wall Street
Hears: "

That the WOolwOrth ~ divi-
dend may be raised to SO in
the next Qua fer. .,.@
That doubt exists about the
earnings Of Electro AutO-Lite
(ELO) in the coming months.
That McKeespOrt Tin Plate
INV is an attractive purchase
at present levels.
That Fourth National In.
vestors (FTH on the Curb ap
!. pears attractive.
That q good many bears
were trapped in Fox (F)
yesterday.
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
The Fox Situation

The sharp decline in Fox Film
IA" General Theaters Equip.
ment tand Loew's, the latter two
breaking in sympathy with the
weakness in Fox, is attributed to
forced selling by high official
of the company. The company,
as far as I can see, is in a strong
position. There is some talk of
! one of the major motion picture
producing companies being In a
"bad way but I don't think it
bis Fox. Both Fox and Loew's
look like buy" around present
prices. Sometimes, however. it
pays to heed gossip" and right
now I prefer LoeW's to Fox.
Gold Dust has acted well all
during the decline, the loss in
this stock being relatively small.
/ like Gold Dust for the long
pull.
Some brokers were more. or less
Namazed at the selling last week
that didn't come from brokerage
houses. Liquidation of strong box
holdings was seen in such selling.
After all, even a true investor is
human. and if he thinks he can
profit by sej~ng a stock and buy
ing 1t back at a lower figure, why
not? ns.''''..."'
Believe it or not, the small
y trader. the one who deals in 10,
and 20 share lots, is playing the
I. short side of the market. The
same people who waited until
their stocks went up to buy a
new car are now waiting until
they go down.
Sentiment
Sentiment in the street is still
pretty much mixed in regard to
the immediate outlook for the
stock market. Some brokers an
\ tlcipate a rally while. others think
quotations will drift lower. All
seem to agree, however, and I
am in accord with them, that the
h best place for the small trader
is on the Sidelines.
- Increasing activity in the bond
market continues to indicate,
flow Of reserve Investment funds
into that channel. High grade
bonds are always the safest in
vestment. and until the stock
market shows definite signs of
having wound up the present
reactionary trend. the bond mar
ket offers good medium for
putting surplus funds to work.
Chemical Stocks
Although most of the major
The Washington times., 1930-10-14
Here and There


Texas Pacific Land Trust is
well liked in some quarters. The
stock does appear to have good
speculative possibilities at present
prices.
Jacques Cohen thinks the mar.
ket will gradually quiet down and
better prices prevail. Stock ex.
change officials are well satisfied
with the manner in which the
new high speed ticker handled
the big market on Friday. On
June Is, the last previous six
million-share, day, the old ticker
ran / hour and 25 minutes be-
hind at the close.
Something is said to be brew.
ing in Bethlehem Steel. More
about this in the near future.
Best & Co. and r. H Macy
seem to be about the best thing
in the department store stocks.
Well, the battle starts all over
again today and may the best
side win, which we hope is tile
bull side.