davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

skilled, have increased 1,408 per cent in the
automobile industry, in the iron and steel in
dustry 145 per cent, as semi-skilled operatives
and doubled the number of unskillel laborers
In the electrical supply factories Especially
important in war time), women operatives in
creased 14S per cent In the rayon manufactur-
ing, which practically developed in the last ten
years, 60 per cent are women. In the knitting
mills, tobacco factories, laundries, radio manu-
featuring, large numbers of women have re-
placed men.
Smplification of production, efficiency meth
DDS, the conveyor belt system, gang work, have
reduced the number of workers generally, and
decreased the number of skilled to smaller
percentage. 1t has replaced the skill of men
with machines attended by women and chill
dren, who receive half or even less than half
of the previous wages paid to men for the same
work. Women thus comprise one of the lowest
paid sections of the working class.
The low wages paid to the workers, the
high cost of living, force the wives and daugh-
tiers, mere children, to slave in the mills and
factories. The Negro and white women run
machines in the basic industries at terrific
rate of speed, which saps their life and energy.
The Negro women in industry are even more
exploited by the capitalist assigning them TO
the dirtiest and hardest work for half of the
wages paid the white women workers. At the
age of 35, the working woman is thrown on
the scrap heap. Her labor is no more desired.
Younger women are hired by the bosses. In
the textile, STEEL radio industries, the number
of young girls is rapidly increasing, making
up large percentage of women workers.
These girls feel heavily the effects of capital
list naturalization. Their low wages can not
supply them with the so-called "luxuries," silk
stockings, paint and powder, which are necessi-
ties imposed upon them by the capitalist class.
These American 'flappers," the supposedly
frivolous "iazz-age" girls, have learned a les
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
The Working Woman IN T. S. Class Fight

ship of the T. U. U. L. and the Communist
Party.
The growing rehabilitation of the women
workers is part of the general rehabilitation
of the working class in the United States. The
large number of women in industry, their ex-
IRENE exploitation, and the militant struggles
carried on in the past year and at the present
time are proof that the working women are
an indispensable factor in the class struggle,
and an integral part of the working class and,
as such must be won away from the bourgeois
influence, for the class struggle, for the rev.
olution. This is the task of the revolutionary
vanguard, the task of the Communist Party
of the U. S. A.
The soca-reformists the socialist party and
the A. F. of L. never paid any attention to the
organization of the women and to their special
needs. In the past, they have set up all sorts
of craft divisions and barriers, which kept the
women workers, especially the Negro women,
out of the unions. At the same time, they wrote
long resolutions at their conventions on the
need of organizing women workers. Then con-
cerned themselves with the most skilled and
highest paid workers who, certainly, did not
include the women, 92 per cent of women work
ers being unskilled and semi-skilled, 48 per cent
laborers and only 33 being skilled workers
At the present time, the A. F. of L. and its
women's organization, the Women's Trade I'm
ion League have given up all semblance of
being working class organization and have
gone over part and parcel to the bosses. The
women's locals in the A. F. of L. have lost a
great number of their members, in the shoe,
textile, food, etc. What is left of the women's
locals are being used by the officials to sell
out the workers in their struggles.
Trade Union Unity League to mobilize the
working women in the U. S. for the class strug-
gle. Special attention must be paid to women
in industry. Special programs of work, spe-
cial demands must be worked out by the vari-
Gus industrial unions, to win large numbers of
women for the unions.
Every member of the Party must rid HIM
self of whatever remnants of social democratic
tendencies still exist with regard to work among
women They must learn special means of
approach, how to win them for the class strug-
gle, how to get the most militant and class
conscious into the Communist Party.
The Party must win every section of the
working class for revolutionary struggle This
is its task at the present time. But it cannot
fulfill this task if it leaves it to the women's
section of the Party alone. To mobilize the
miserably exploited section Of the working class
and not to leave them to the mercy of the So
cial reformists and the capitalist class--this is
the Communist task.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
The Latin american Masses
Confront Their mberiallSt Foe
Proof That Only Workers and Peasants Can
Win Struggle for National Independence
BY MANUEL GOMEZ

South America different methods
have been pursued, sometimes so
notwithstanding as the sending of
financial missions, while every OPP
portunity has been lied to estab-
fish the position of Washington as
the arbiter of South American af-
fairs-as in the Tacna-Arica matter
and the Chaco controversy. On oc-
casion this has been done even I'M
der the guise of peacemaker. But
American imperialism's expressions
of pacific intent in the south have
not prevented it from continuing to
max use of such tyrannical butchers
as Juan Vicente Gomez in Venezu-
ella, Augusta B. Leguia in Peru and
Gerardo Machado in Cuba. They
appear particularly cynical at the
present moment, when marine bay
onets are still wet with the blood
of martyred Haitian workers, peas
ants and students.
Such an undeviatingly aggressive
course naturally confronted Ameri-
can Imperialism with one crisis after
another. The armed struggle head
ed by SANDING in Nicaragua served
to rally anti-imperialist resistance
throughout Latin-America. SINH
larly Sandiro's own desertfon of the
struggle was one of a whole series
of events that have tended to ex-
pose the vacillating role of the petty
bourgeoisie, which in most Latin
American countries today takes the
road of pseudo-revolution ending in
compromise with imperialism on the
basis Of joint exploitation of the
La 'n-American masses. The expe-
riences of the enigreled Fenezu-
elan affair, the debacle Of fake Lib
eralism in Columbia, the events in
Haiti and the Virgin Islands-all
these had thcir influence in deter
mi ing accused workers and peas
ants to break away from bourgeois
leading strings.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

son taught them by capitalist naturalization.
Their fathers, brothers and mothers unem-
ployed make them in many instances the only
supporters in the families. Their wages being
so low that it does not supply them with food
SIS to So a week being considered good wages
A great wave of discomfort has spread
throughout the United States. Strikes in the
mining, textile needle, shoes and food indus
tries are going on and are rapidly increasing
In these strikes and struggles of the working
class, against the ruthless exploitation of the
bosses, the working women are playing very
important part Not only do the older women
those with revolutionary traditions from Eu-
rope, participate in these struggles but native
American women and particularly young girls
are actively participating and leading picket
lines, fighting the police, the bosses and the
A. F. of L. betrayers, side by side with their
men folks.
In the present strike of Illinois, conducted
by the National Miners Union, the daughters
and wives of the miners came out on the picket
lines, facing and battling the police and hired
gangsters of the bosses and the American Fed
Grafton of Labor
The strike of the textile workers of Gas
tonia, which lasted for many months, under
the leadership of the National Textile Workers
Union, had very large percentage of women
workers, who in face of dire need, hungry
children, thrown out of their homes, showed
determination for fight against the capitalist
system They took up arms in defense of their
strike, their union leaders, their organization.
During the course of the struggle, Chief of
Police Aderholt was killed, which resulted in
heavy sentences for the leaders of the n T.
w. u, ranging from seventeen to twenty years
in Jail. Numbers were beaten up and wounded.
Ella May Virgins, mother of five children,
/ one of the most outstanding miltants, was MUIR
dered by the hirelings of the bosses. The death
of Ella May and the long Jail sentences i'm
posed upon the strike leaders, the massacre
in Marion, served to steel the revolutionary
spirit of the workers. At the N. T. w. u, con-
vention, held on December 1928 at Paterson,
N. j., there was determined spirit for mill
tant struggle in the industry to improve the
miserable conditions of the textile workers,
men and women, Negro and white.
The strike of over 1,500 dress-makers in N. Y.
led by the Needle Trades Workers Industrial
Union in March, 1929, was an outstanding mill
tant struggle against the BOSSES and the cor
rupt officials of the A. F. of L. and the So
cialist party. Today, strikes are being carried
on in the needle trades industry by the N. T.
w. l. u. Arrests Of hundrel Is of women work
ers are the order of the day. The women work
ers are militantly fighting under the leader
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

ward of U. S. imperialist exploita-
ton. They have also witnessed
the advance of Anglo-American
imperialist rivalry in Latin-Amer-
lea to critical stage. Finally,
they have seen the many-rlillion
Latin-American masses shake
themselves free from hindering in
fluences to make one bold fighting
stand after another while moving
Enthusiastically toward the upbuild-
ing of an integrated class-con-
scious revolutionary force against
all their oppressors, native and
foreign.
Wall Street and Washington
have exhibited a sophisticated vari-
ETY. of method in this period of
matured imperiaIistic experience.
The bloody bayonets of the marines
have been their main direct re-
lance in those Latin-American
countries where American capital
had already long dominated the
field. The massacre in the City
of Panama in 1927 has proved to
have been no isolated event. 1t in
dicated that imperialistic strategy
was busy with plans for the canal
area and was prelude to the vi
cious assault against Nicaragua. In
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
BRUTALITY
BREAK
mo. PORTER
i'll Strike Leaders
Militancy Strong

Fohn Porter will be released from
2atraz military prison in Cali
mia next month, if no more tins
added by the army authorities in
he meantime, Porter is coming
out of prison the same militant
fighter who defied a court-martial
in July, 1928, and made revo!u-
tionary speech at his trial rather
than avoid the political issues in
return for freedom. All the tor
lures Of the military prison authori-
ties-merciless beatings, being de-
prived of the few prison privileges
and thrown into a dungeon on bread
and water-have failed to break
his courage and revolutionary
spirit.
In June of 1923, John Porter, 10
year old organizer of the Young
Communist League and an outstand-
ing leader of the New Bedford tex
tile workers strike, had been re-
peatedly arrested. Finally, he was
told by the police that they knew
he had been in the army and that
he would be turned over for court
martial if he did net quit the strike,
"You can do as you please" he re-
piled, "but l will not be a traitor
to the workers and leave the strike"
Then he was held incommunicado
for weeks in a military prison. At
first the authorities planned to give
him sentence of many years or life
on the charge of being a member of
the Young Communist League while
subject to military law, but mass
protests thruout the country forced
the authorities to change their plans
and he was brought to trial on a
technical "desertior" charge. In an
effort to avoid publicity the army
officers assured him that he would
get only month or so in the guard
house, or be released if he would
avoid the political issues
Instead, of making any compro=
mise with the authorities, Porter
took the stand and explained how he
had been lured into the army at the
age of about Is, and how that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

b ir t h of the
D a lily Worker
gave the Cypress
ed Latin Ameri-
can masses a
faithful interpre-
ter and champion
in this country.
Those six years
h a v e witnessed
the fiercely in
tensified assidu-
BUSINESS and ext
gent drive south
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

are a cheap source of labor
for the capitalists, used in
preference to men. They
have been drawn into prac-
tically every industry, par
ticularly the basic and war
industries. The number of
Negro women in industry
has increased from 1910 to
1920 by 300 per cent and
to a much greater extent
since that time.
= From 1910 to 1920, wo-
mon Jyorlyinm &C semi
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

men were literally freezing in the
fields. Only by heroic enthusiasm
was it done.
In spring we had a time limit
of 10 days in which to seed ASSOC
hectares ploughed the year before,
We must also disk it at once and
harrow twice. We used coo trac-
tors, $50 four-meter seeders, 1000
toothed harrows and $50 diskers All
this inventory we rece. lived in Febru-
airy and March in the open air.
Spring came late, in place of March,
we could only begin by mid-April.
This made the organization of our
labor force very difficult. Several
times we began to collect it and
were forced 20 stop by bad weather
At last we sent out to the fields IA
tractor columns of Is to so tractors
each; 5000 members took part in the
sowing, which was finished in 91a
days.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

~ d IlOlldl COilNCli'
ton just held in
Pittsburgh, heart
Of heavy industry.
the capital city of
Andy" Melons
steel and coal
empire.
The Pittsburgh
Convention mark
ed a sharp break
with many of the
past traditions of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
Socialist Transform
alton OF Agriculture
YOurkin, Manager of Worlds Largest Wheat
Farm, Tells of Years Work
By S. RUBENS.

TWO million bushels of wheat from
a single farm 10000 tons) il
worlds record 1t was made by
the famous Gigant, near Rostov, a
Pviet wheat farm which is the
lrgest in the world. The amazing
-hlng about this farm is not merely
ITS size, but the fact that it was
established in a single year by per-
sons who have only recently had
anything to do with farming. It's
manager, Yourkin, was until the re-
Volutlon, neither a peasant nor a
farm specialist, but a metal worker.
Large scale farming has today be-
come an industry, requiring rather
skilled engineers and administrators
lhan the old type OF farm specialists,
4he first industrial farm" to be
established was the Campbell farm
IN the United States of America.
Until last year it was the largest
1arm In the world. But today the
Soviet Union has a dozen farms of
about the size of Campbells, while
Gigant, is more than three times
) lmpbelPs.
Located in the dry farming region
east Of Rostov, on soil hitherto used
Tor livestock, and much of it never
pioughed before, it is not expected
that the Gigant's record per acre
Will be as high as in some parts of
the Soviet Union. Last summer
dry spell brought poor crops to the
entire region around the Gigant,
and the grain was only partially
saved by rain which came Just be-
fore harvest. The Gigant record of
gu pools TO the hectare( IA bushels to
the acre) is not as large as in other
soviet farms where the weather was
better, but is twice as large as the
peasant holdings produced in the
same district.
Moreover the grain was produced
at cost of 80 kopeks pood (75
cents a bGshels), quite reasonable
cost. This was in spite of the ire
mendous expenses incidental to get
ting started, with tractors comman-
deered from every direction and by
no means the best for the purpose,
and with labor force organized out
OF unframed peasants taught on the
job to run machinery.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11

Vast changes have written them
selves into the Latin-American
scene in the six years since the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
international Labor
DefenSeim FIGHT
Fourth National Convention of LID Prepares
to Meet Sharpening Struggles
By ]. LOUIS ENFDAHL

The role of the International
Labor Defense in the class struggle
was clearly established at the Fourth
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
By ANNA DAMON.

Since the imperialist war of 1914, working
women have become most important factor
In American industry. Today, working women
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1930-01-11
Organized by Metal Worker.

Yourkln, the manager, rose dur
g the revolution from his Job as a
= etalworker to work in shop-com-
mittees and in factory management.
A few years ago he was sent by
party orders to investigate the man.
agement of the Huterok farm which
was unsatisfactory. Yourkin stayed
at his job of deficiency expert" on
the Huterok farm for year, after
which he was made manager.
His ability on this farm caused
him to be chosen manager of the
great Gigant in 1923 when it was or
ganized. From this point on LET
Yourkin tell his own story, as he re-
ports it to the workers of the
Gigant, in an article written for
their own newspaper published at
their own Typography on the farm.
a"The organization of the largest
Jain farm in the world is only a
list small step in our building of
Socialism. The first proposal of it's
organization was made at a meeting
of farm workers at the Department
Of Agriculture in May, 1928. In
July an emergency committee was
organized and 1 was called from the
Huterok farm, and told to begin inn
mediate organization of the Gigant.
Our orders were to plough 10000
hectares 100000 acres) and sow
$4,000 of them with winter wheat.
Tractors by Hundreds,
"In July we began the survey of
the land, and simultaneous opened
courses for tractorists and workers
on various farm machinery. At the
end of July came our first batch of
tractors, - 1872 of small size. We
organized Is machines to a tractor
column and sent them out. The ex-
tremely dry autumn and the small
size of all tractors made slow work
on the hitherto unbroken prairie soil.
,f'Work speeded up with the arrival
og second batch of large tractors
III September. We worked two shifts,
and ploughed 10000 hectares by the
end of October. After this we were
able to plough 1000 hectares for
the peasants at the nearby town OF
Yegorlikskaia, who were organized
in a collective farm. We also
ploughed 5000 hectares for Soviet
Farm No. g. Thus, without any
buildings whatever, without any
trained gangs or general expert
ence, we ploughed $1,000 hectares
the first autumn, = the largest
ploughing under single manage
ment ever done in the history OF
the world. The cost of our work
was rubles nectar.
Overcoming Difficulties.
o"Winter proceeded in feverist
separations. We must work out
reduction and accounting methods
tor the work ahead. The difficulties
here were enormous, for there was
no previous large farm on which we
could base our systems. We had tc
think out everything but the be.
ginning. We organized the teaching
of 800 farm laborers, opened specia
courses in field-work.
We received and sent out to the
fields 100000 pools lover 6,00(
tons) of seed in readiness for spring
This severely taxed our workers, fol
the coolest winter Europe has known
single Farm 100000 acres) is
for a generation gave us 30 degrees
Of frost, with many storms and oul
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-16
CORRECTIONS

c) ccr.ary 4 tlc sSn - IRE diving stand. the girl = The Idt T. go.
inE u cre-rircc bathing SUI. tl The suit or tho man belde her ~ cui
cut only at u side. under tho arm ~ Somersaut is spelled incorrectly
az The diving board should not be placed nc the shallow end of the pool
Depth indicated BY people I'm water) 90 The scrambled word Nm IN
FERIOR-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1930-08-16
1%a1!s OcHamNe8fam
II III q Il II II
Not so Aood.

There are at least four mistakes In the above picture. They may per-
tain to grammar. history. etiquette. drawing or whatnot. see n you can
find them Then look at the scrambled word below-and unscrarnble A.
BY switching the letters around. Grade yourself 20 for each OF the mis-
takes you find and 20 for the word II you unscrsmbe t.
New Britain herald., 1930-04-10

New York, April 10 R)-There was considerable excitement in the Bronx during the early hours of this morning.. but it truned out to be much ado about nothing.
 It all started when two detectives investigating complaint were re- fused admittance to the apartment of Alice and Florence Kossoff, col lege students, and therefore forced an entrance, one by the fire escape and the other by the door.
 They were warmly greeted by a police dog named Lady" which al- ternated impartially in knocking each man down. During the excite ment, Alice, who is 19, became panic stricken and rushed to the street in her pajamas. One of the detectives followed her. firing into the air. Ncighbors, hearing the shots and the excitement, tclephoned police headquarters tlat murder was being committed and headquar- ters rushed the homicide squad to the scene.
 Meanwhile, Florence, 17, and married sister. Mrs. Francis Corsi, succeeded in calming Lady" The detectives then found the complaint they had called to investigate was without foundation. However, they locked up Mrs. Corsi, as owner of
New Britain herald., 1930-04-10
D0RIC COUNCIL ELECTS
 HOLT MASTER FOR YEAR
Arthur II. Parker RctircS After 10 Years as Rccordcr-O. A,
 Marsh Succeeds Him.

The annual meeting of Doric Council, No. 24, Royal and Select Masters, was held last evening at Masonic temple. The following of Gcers were elected for the current year: B. o. Holt, T: I. M.; C. E. Berry, I. D. M.; l. W. Mott, I. P. C. of w.: F. II. DohrcnWcnt, treasurer; 0. A. Marsh, recorder: F. c. Eppler, captain of G.: R. II. Deming, cond.; l.. $. Thomas, G. S.; J. M. MacAr- thur, pianist; F. A. Goddard, scnti- mel: ". E. Fay, trustee for three years; William CoWlishaw, Masonic temple director for three years.
 A past masters jewel was pre- sented to retiring T. ]. M. w. E.. Fay by William r.. Baker. and life mem bcrship by B. o. Holt. Installing officers were William F. Baker, as sisted by E. II. Munson.
 Mir. Marsh succeeds Arthur II. Parker as recorder. The latter re- signed because of pressure of busi- ness after having filled the office for q period of 10 years.
New Britain herald., 1930-04-10
LA JACOUELINE { !
 ON HER OWN NHN

NOW you've spoiled it," returned "Why-what's the matter?''
 Suddenly she was sobbing. Net a very big SOD, but enough to scat ter Teddy's brains and his sense 1G the rightnoss of things. He put an arm around her shoulders, and she continued to sob against him.
 "I am not a thief, Teddy-Mr Montrose. You know I am not q thief, don't you?"
 "Of course you are not a thief said Teddy stcrnly. What non. sense. You a thief, Ridiculous
 But l am
 You am-I mean you arc what :"
 "A thief. I've got the diamond necklace"
 "You'vc got w-what," stammcroI Teddy.
 i've got the stolen necklace, the g graduated diamonds and the star pendant worth 10000 pounds. It's here"
 She lifted the attcnuated palm by the stem and pointed to the pot.
 Its in there. The necklace. Oh, look"
 It's all right. You've caught me. One to you. Ha-ha.'
 What do you mean--I've caught you-ha-ha? I hope you don't think I'm trying to be funny, because l am not"
 There's nothing there" said Teddy.
 "W-W- what" gurglcd Jacqucline.
 'Thc pots empty, except for a bit of dirt"
 Whereupon JacQucline put her nose into the pot. 1t was empty. Copyright, 1880, Richard Starr)
 The somnolcnt Mir. McAllistcr pays the terrified Jacquelino call in tomorrow's installmcnt.