davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

its common interest In the fate of the
defendant, causes a number of entirely
innocent people to confess to the crime,
backing up their confession with the
moot circun1Stantial details of just how
they did it. While the Leopold and
Loeb case, with its account of kidnap-
ing and cruelty, was being given so
much space in the newspapers, several
Chicago families received threatening
letters telling them that If they did or
did not do this or that thing their chill
dren would be stolen.
A more cheerful example of mob sug-
geStibility was the embarrassment of
gifts which were Showered on Col.
Lindbereh after his famous exploit.
The Nation was drawn by its common
admiration for the hero into a mob
state Of mind, and hence was highly
suggeStible where he was concerned.
News accounts of the first gifts sug-
gested more. These in turn, publicly
reported, suggested fresh outburst of
generosity and so on until the accunu-
lated collection required special house
to hold it.
Suggestibility, however, is by no
means entirely evil or frivolous in its
results. It is, in fact, the quality in
human nature which makes all social
life possible. If no man could influence
the action of any other except by force
or fear, we should probably still be saw
ages, lonely and antagonistic units wan
dering in prineval forests. Common
interests, aided by suggestibility, have
drawn us together, and the tendency OF
modern civilization is to strengthen
these bonds Of interest and to weld US
into ever larger and more closely bound
groups.
Apartment houses, co operatives,
trusts, chain stores, combines, labor
unions-theSe are all indications that
we are acting more and more as crowds
and less and less as individuals. In
Russia, where great experiment in CO.
operative living is being tried, individual
thinking or acting is crime some
times punishable with death. Even in
countries where individual thinking is
not legally penalized, 1t is often dihcult,
II not dangerous, If 1t happens to run
counter to generally accepted social
ideas. A growing spirit Of tolerance
among the more educated classes is
being offset by the increasing ability OF
the mob, to follow everything each Of
US does and to express its disapproval
| If what we do is different" We can
not get away from our fellow man, a
fact which was strikingly illustrated
when the newspapers carried few
weeks ago the pictures of DR.. FREDERICK
Ritter and woman friend. Seeking TO
escape from civilization, these two had
fed secretly from Berlin and taken
refuge in q remote island of the Gala
pages group. All to no purpose. The
members of the Mcdonald expedition
found them there, and before long their
adventure was the common property OF
thousands Of people on two continents.
As the opportunities for welding great
numbers Of persons into O crowd state
(ccntirued on Fourth Page.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
i,l24,oOo tons l,l24,oOo toni
Reduce BattIeship Tonnage.


Now examine these tables and what
is revealed? The United States is go
ing to reduce her battleship tonnage by
II 900, which means three ships. These
ships would have disappeared in any
event before 1886. Under the Wash
ington treaty she was free to replace
them by two boats of $4,000 tons each.
But France. Italy, Japan and Britain
have all resolved to build no more of
these craft. American naval experts
are against replacement now, when the
whole question of the capital ship is in
the balance.
In the same fashion the United
States is going to reduce destroyer ton
mage from 227.000 to 100000, but actu-
ally this means no more than getting
rid of a flock of old destroyers which
were hurriedly constructed to meet the
German submarine menace. Many of
them are already obsolescent and there
was no demand to replace old tonnage
by equal strength. The United States
was simply overstocked in destroyers
and was bound to let her tonnage fall
to 10000, the London figure And the
same is true in American submarines |;
reduction was automatically imposed
by age limit.
On the other hand, in the two live
categorieS, cruisers and airplane car
riers, the United States contemplates
expanding in the former category by
125, ZOO tons, in the latter by $4,000
tons. And the cruiser expansion will
carry her $4,000 tons beyond the total
env1Saged in the 15-cruiser bill. But
even with this enormous expansion she
Will not have tonnage equality with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

which will be near the residence sec
ton of the city.
The residence center is one of the
most immediate concerns of the Plan
ming Bureau. A great scarcity of houses
may be attributed to the remarkable In
crease in population since the city be-
came the nations capital and because
a great many homes were destroyed in
building the Chung Shan Memorial
Highway. which connects the city with
Purple Mountain. This was built as q
memorial to DR.. Sun.
Chinese ExteriOrs.
The style Of the government and pub
lie buildings to be erected in Marking
will follow Chinese models as to exterior,
but will incorporate Western architec-
tural ideas in their interiors.
Provision has been made for an in
dustrial center three miles from Nan.
king, where 1t will be convenient to the
railway as well as to Marking Harbor.
The municipal government plans to
appropriate $2,000,000 for the building
OF modern water works utilizing Yang
TIE River water.
The reconstruction budget for the new
capital totals $4,000 900 loca: currency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

The exploits of Babe Ruth may be,
and undoubtedly are. far more interest
ing to the mythical average man" than
the exploits of Americas great finan-
ciers. Yet what is now going on in the
banking field throughout. not only our
Nation, but the entire world, is of direct
concern to every American who has a
living to earn. The average man and
the average woman are not ordinarily
interested in banking problems as long
as there Is a bank-no matter what
Fundamentally located where a pay
check may be cashed without burden
some formality or modest savings or
checking account carried.
1t is only occasionally. in the large
cities of the country, that the banking
problem becomes visible to any large
number of people. Then there may be
long line Of people waiting hopefully,
and axiously, too, for bank doors to
open, because Of the word-of-mouth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

rumor they heard the night before
that the bank was Gin trouble"
Very much more often those lines
sometimes cIamoring mobs-form in
the smaller cities and the villages of
America. At least 437 times last year
their wait was unrewarded, for the
banks had failed. The wives of work.
ingmen forgot their own losses of
quarters and half dollars laboriously
saved for deposit in Christmas accounts
while consoling their husbands at
Christmas time over the loss, through
the same bank failure, of the few
hundred dollars accumulated to make
the first payment on a home. School
teachers, grown gray after long years
of service, found that the savings in
tended to make their old age secure
had suddenly vanished with the post
ing of little white sheet of paper on
the front door Of the Security Savings
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
THE TNFYINC POWER OF HATE RECOGNIZED BY CERTAIN
POLITICAL ORATORS.

gives an interesting description of one
which took place in the latter part Of
the eighteenth century. The following
account of it is quoted by DR.. Karl
Menninger in 1.-THE Human Mind:
Three of the number lived about 2
miles from the place where the disorder
first broke out, and three at another
factory at Clitheroe, about 5 miles
distant. = 81"
1.-THE symptoms were anxiety, strangu-
lation and very strong commissions, and
these were so violent as to last without
any intermission from quarter Of an
hour to "a hours, and to require four to
five persons to prevent the patients
from tearing their hair and dashing
their heads against the floor or walls.
. AS soon as the patients and
the country were assured that the CONF
plant was merely nervous, easily cured
and not introduced by the cotton no
fresh person was affected"
Coming down to modern times, we
may witness many similar examples Of
mass suggestibility. Every conspicuous
suicide is followed by others in the
same manner. Every great murder
trial, which serves to throw the public
into q herd way Of thinking because Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
Plan to Rebuild Ancient Marking,
Making 1t Beautiful, Modern Capital

The task of rebuilding an ancient
Chinese city of narrow, meandering
streets and poverty-stricken novels into
a beautiful capital is the problem con-
fronting the Marking City Planning
Bureau.
Since the Nationalist designated it as
the capital of China as tribute to the
revered DR.. Sun Yat-sen, Marking has
been increasing in population at the rate
OF 100000 annually. The census of
1928 was 497, 500, and it is estimated
that by the end of the present century
the city will have a population approx
mately 100000. This expected growth
is being taken into consideration by the
City Planning Bureau, which is laying
out the various city centers.
Plan Political Center.
The political center will be situated
south of the foot of Purple Mountain,
which is the site Of the mausoleum Of
DR.. Sun Yat-sen. This location will be
near the new railway central station,
which is to be built west Of Purple
Mountain and will include within its
boundaries the termini of the proposed
highways linking the capital with Hang
chow, Shanghai and ChingEiang.
The municipal center will be northeast
Of the famous Drum Tower. According
to the architects drawings, the munic-
ipal buildings will be grouped in a
circle around a central building. This
building will be interSected by roads run
ming diagonally like the spokes Of a
wheel.
Near a famous hill known as WI Tai
Sen, the culture center will be located.
The plans include public library, lee
ture hall. museum. stadium and recre-
alton ground. The National Research
Institute, now in Shanghai, will be re.
moved to the culture center of Marking.
New Educational Center.
The government has made extensive
plans for increasing the educational IA
cilities Of the new capital. Most Of the
schools will be In the educational center,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

THROUGHOUT folk lore runs the
theme of the god or king who
is told by soothsayers that at
some future time he will be
killed by his own offspring.
Scientific Notwithstanding, atrplanes,
teleyision-are the most brilliant chill
dren of modern civilization, and, look
ing at them with the prejudiced pride
of creation, most of us can see no evll
In them and no danger. Yet any one OF
them, like the son of the old tales, may
grow I'D to destroy us II we do not keep
our eyes open to all its possible 1nnu-
ences and learn to counterfeit its de-
structive tendencies.
Modern machines are turning the
speaking, into a mob; in that fact Is
danger as well as opportunity, since the
collective intelligence of any groNp OF
people who are thinking as herd
rather than individually Is no h1gner
than the intelligence of the stVpldest
members. As lie Bon has pointed OUT,
the crowd mind is 1mpulsive, credulous'
intolerant, prone to exaggeratlon, lack
ing in moral responsibility. moved oy
mystical emotionalisn, biinoly opeolenV
to q leader, and-what Is very nmpoE-
tant-high1y suggestible.
Witness the recent parrot fever scare.
A few individuals were found to be SUI.
ferinr from an obscure disease caught
from birds. II this had happened 9
hundred years ago, before our day OF
rapid INSTRUMENTATION, probably no
one would have known about 1t except
those living in the immediate vicinity
of the AFFLICTED persons. NOW almoSC
the whole civilized earth heard OF 1t
within "a hours after the first person
who knew about 1t talked to reporter.
Hundreds Beset with Fears.
On reading the resulting news items
hundreds Of people throughout the
world who owned parrots, and even
those who owned canaries, were beset
with fear Of the strange nnalady. AL
though they lived In widely separated
places. this common fear made them
into a crowd, for, as the great authority
on this subject pointed out several years
age, individuals, to form psychological
crowd, need not all be in the same
place; all they need to bind them TO-
gether and throw them into herd
way of thinking Is some common m
terest, some common ambition or emo
ton.
since the herd mind is highly sug-
gestible, the first result of the parrot
fever news item was that many OF the
individuals who read it decided that
they also had contracted the strange
malady. Their conviction, connded TO
the press, started fresh wave OF mass
suggestion. Parrot fever became the
vogue. There have, Of course, been 8
few genuine cases, and the disease
seems TO be quite contagious. but not
few people WHO have imagined they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
BY FRANK II. SIMONDS.

A S a consequence Of the publica-
~ ton of the details of the
"A American Japanese agreement
4 a it is now possible to set forth
in their final form the figures
Of the American feet as they will be
fixed in any treaty which may emerge
from the London Conference. We know
now not merely what the aggregate
total tonnage will be but the exact
division into categories.
But before turning to these figures
1t is essential to make certain general
observations, because the public mind
has been inevitably confused by the
conflicting and contradictory assertions
which have been put forth, together with
endless rows of meaningless statistics.
Actually what will the treaty of Lon
don-asSuming that there be one-mean
in terms of naval strength?
1t will mean precisely this: That the
United States Is going to scrap some no.
900 tons of obsolete and obsolescent ton
mage, distributed among capital ships,
destroyers and submarines, and in place
construct an equal amount of tonnage
$4,000 tons allotted to new, modern
types of cruisers and As 900 tons of air.
plane carriers. At the end of the
process she will have almost identically
the same total tonnage, but con-
comitantly she will have a fighting feet
intellectually more efficient and effective.
Moreover, all the tonnage which the
United States is going to dispose of
would have gone to the scrapheap, con-
ference or no conference, by the mere
operation of the age limit. And in the
actually important ategory-namely
cruisers-she is going to undertake to
build at least $4,000 tons more than
k3Sy kt,ant la-{eI
inclusive of the 15-cruiser act.
Sent on Hopeless Errand.
These figures must serve once for all
to demolish the preposterous notion
that the United States could have both
parity with Britain and reduction in
naval strength. When Mr.. Hoover at
the farewell breakfast commissioned
Stimson and his associates to make re-
duction the chief objective of their
mission he sent them on a hopelessly
impossible errand. At the Rapidan
Macdonald had supplied the bottom
figures of the British admiralty, and
they involved the addition of not less
than $4,000 tons to existing cruiser
strength in the American Navy.
The rather pathetic attempt of Slim
son-under pressure from Washington
provoked by the famous petition of the
1,200-to demonstrate that reduction
was contemplated finally exposed the
whole truth; which was that the United
States might have parity or reduction,
but that it had to choose one. Since
that moment Stimson at London has
confined himself to the search for par
ity and reduction has gone by the
board.
Now as to the. figures themselves, as
disclosed by the japanese agreement.
The following table sets these forth,
the 1880 figures being taken from Of
fetal naval statistics, the 1886 from the
japanese agreement, which has now
been duly published.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

had it were suffering from nothing
more unusual than hysteria.
Eat cotton mandatory at Holden
Bridge, in Lancashire, a girl, on the
18th of February, 1887, put mouse into
the bosom of another girl, who had a
great dread Of mice. The girl was i'm
Ynediately thrown into At and con-
tinued in It, with the most violent con-
vulsions, for a hours. On the follow
ing day three more girls were seized In
the same manner, and on the next six
more.
'By this time the alarm was so great
that the whole works, in which two or
three hundred were employed, was to-
tally stopped, and an idea prevailed
that a particular disease had been IN
PRODUCED by bag of cotton opened in
the house. On Sunday, the 18th, DR..
st. Claire was sent from Preston. Be-
fore he arrived three more were seized,
and during that night and the morn
ing Of the 10th II more"
ManiaS caused by mass suggestion are
no new phenomenon. They have &C.
CURED throughout history, frequently In
violent forms. In his book, The Black
Death and the Dancing Mania" ]. r. @.
Hecker, . famous medical historian,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

Bank" bearing simply the words
Closed by Order of the State Super
intendent of Banks" Business men
and children, the aged and the young
and prosperous, suffered alike when
those 437 banks suspended or failed in
the year 1929 with liabilities of $21S,-
000, 900.
This situation, however serious and
distressing it is, presents only one phase
Of the banking problem, and not the
most important one. The great ma
jority of the banks of the Nation are
in sound and solvent If not prosperous
condition. The stock market collapse
of last Fall produced surprisingly few
bank failures. There was not, and is
not now, any general shortage Of money
or bank credit.
The banking problems we confront
now are not. in their essence, new"
CONTINUED m Fourth Parel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
Seeking French Name
For American ssTaIkie''

What shall the word "talkie" be in
French? In order to avoid having 10
use the English word, various sugees.
tons have been made in Paris, and the
Echo de Paris is conducting g contest
for the best one. More and more Eng
lish words get into the French language
these days, but the line Is to be drawn.
so say the purists, at the barbarous
"talkie." But the substitutes SO far
adduced seem Just as barbarous. Among
them are "cinor," "cinephon," "phono.
Aim" and "audivision."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

<<"IRST Three billion dollar
- - Bank" the headlines an
nounced a few weeks ago as
the boards Of directors of
three New York institutions
voted approval Of a consolidation.
That the combined resources Of the
merged institution probably will fall
short of three billions by two hundred
million dollars is not material, for a
hundred millions or two hundred mil
lions Of resources may be picked up"
almost any time in the bank consolida-
ton field! The next merger may pro-
duce a four billion dollar, even a ten
billion-dollar bank-and produce only
yawns from the man on the street, who
quickly scans the first-page headlines
and then folds back to the sporting
page for careful perusal and study.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
BY LOUIS T. McFADDEN.

Chairman, Committee on Banking and Cur
rency, House OF Representatives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13
BY DIR. WILLIAM A. WHITE
and
MARY DAY VIM.

THROUGHOUT folk lore runs the
theme of the god or king who
is told by soothsayers that at
4 some future time he will be
billed hu his nun nffSnri1P.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-13

Continued on Fourth Page.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-24
POTOMAC BOATMEN
AND co. F CLASH

Company F, National Guard, of
Hyattsville, and Potomac Boat Club of
this city, and Jewish Community Center
and Takoma Firemen will be the
principals in the brightest games of the
District A. A. U. championship basket
ball tournament tonight in the Tech
High gym. The game between the
Guard and boat fiveS will be the first
quarter-final match in the unlimited
class. The j. c. C.-Takoma Firemen
tilt will be secound-round unlimited
class encounter.
Tonight'S tourney schedule:
Boys Club Optimists VS.. Y. NJ. G. A.
Flashes dS0-pound class. quarter hnals),
O'Clock
J. c. C. Flashes vs. Potomac Boat Club
Props dS0-pound class, quarter fnals),
Potomac Boat Club vs. Company F of
Hyattsville UNLIMITED class, quarter nnal
j. c. C. VS. Takoma Firemen UNLIMITED
class, second round). 10 O'Clock.
Stepping out in the late going with
a determined attack, as has been their
won't in many games this season, Skinker
Eagles downed st. Wenceslaus, 40 to 20,
yesterday in the Silver Spring Armory.
Sweeney and Streets each scored IL
points to head the winners offenSe.
In a preliminary Dixie Pig A. c. came
through with 1925 win over Stewart
Photographers. The Pigs also won
through late squirt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-24
Booms Neglected Track Team aevc Pays Dearly Campus Glory

has been to many battered soldiers OF
alma mater, Malevich will carry to the
end one of those internal foot ball
knees that either hop out of place, ache
from the slightest exertion or glow with
pain in rainy weather.
Operation May Help.
This unhappy prospect may be OBJ
waited by an operation, now contem-
plated, but there will remain a mis-
treated ankle that simply won't behave
This, too, was damaged in gridiron COM
bat, and there is no certainty that the
injury won't be lasting. Anyhow, its
several annoying eccentricities have
persisted. for some time.
Malevich, now washed up as a col
lege athlete, confined himself largely to
the two most rugged sports of the
campus curriculum, foot ball and box
ing, although he won his letter in track
In foot ball he was versatile back and
in boxing a natural light heavyweight,
but moved up class on occasions, to
essay the role of Jack the Giant Killer
Today he nurses broken rib as the
result of his last ring contest.
Has Busted Thumb.
He fought through the entire cam
paign this Winter with a partly dis
located thumb, the hgament permanent
ly impaired. During his freshman year
his nose was flattened in the middle by
terrific poke and it never resumed its
normal shape. The broken beak dis
turbs the symmetry but otherwise takes
nothing from a countenance uncom-
monty handsome and rugged.
However, among the least Of the
young mans worries at this time are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-03-24

his loose ligaments and damaged bones.
Within few months Jack will face
another stuggle, and 1t may be more
trying than the one he's just survived.
1t has been no easy financial path this
far for Malevich and in the after-college
game of life he will start from scratch.
He's not at all certain how to begin, but
this much seems aSSured-whatever he
tackles he'll make the grade or bust
something in the effort!
A Popular Lad.
Malevich, christened John Joseph,
will be % years old in July. He came to
Catholic University in the Fall of 1926
from Eveleth High School, where he was
an outstanding performer in foot ball,
basket ball, track, boxing and hockey.
Despite the time and energy devoted
to sport he has never been shirker in
the class room. His general average at
C. u. has been 85.
Malevich has attained place among
the leading heroes of the Brookland
campus, but some of his fellow students
say they will remember him better for
personal qualities, and men who have
spent many years in the service of c..
U. will tell you that more generally
liked and admired athlete has never
come within their ken, nor one who
bore his honors more gracefully.