davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
Sauk Centres Water Rate
Much Lower Than Average
Statistics Compiled for American
Municipalities Place City in :
Favorable Position.

The Herald editor this week had
an opportunity to compare the wat
er rates paid by Sauk Centre citi-
zens with the rates of other munich
palities in Central Minnesota.
These figures were compiled by
the association of Water Supply
Statistics, American Municipalities.
Taking a basis of 10000 gallons
as a unit figure the Sauk Centre
citizen pays 40 cents per thous-
and gallons; all over 10000 gallons
used in any given quarter of the
year is 10 cents per thousand gal
Ions.
Th average maximum price for
water used for all purposes in 38
average cities with population
between 1900 and $500 is 45.77
cents, with minimum charge of
21.3 cents per thousand gallons. The
average maximum rate in the en-
tire state of Minnesota is 38.9 cents,
with an average minimum of 2O.5
cents.
In view of the fact that Sauk
Centre is paying interest on 100000
outstanding waterworks bonds the
rate in this city is very low.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
BUSINESS MEETING

The annual business meeting of
District No. 7, of the Land O'Lakes
Creameries, Inc, will be held at the
Community Club rooms, Sauk Gen.
ire, Thursday, Oct. %. The meeting
is for the purpose of electing offic-
ers and the transaction of any other
business which can properly come
before the meeting. Mr.. MCGUIRE or
Mr.. Meyer, from the head office,
Minneapolis, will be present to give
first hand information as to the
associations progress. The Associa-
tion has entered the ice cream busi-
ness and the method of operation
and distribution will be explained. A
large attendance is expected.
George Strauss, of this city secret
ary of the Sauk Lake Creamery As
sociation, is secretary of District
No. 7.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
UNGER'S EXPAND

The Unger Furniture Company,
of this city, and Melr ose, are ex-
panding. Last week negotiations
were completed for the purchase of
the Lamphear Furniture Co.'s bus
mess at Osakis. Mr.. Lamphear has
been in business at Osakis for
more than 16 years and built up a
fine business.
The new owners took possession
of the property Oct. 13. John r.
Hanson, who has been associated
with Mr.. Lamphear for number
of years, will be retained as local
manager. The citizens Of Osakis
will find the Unger FuEAiture Co.
high grade business people who will
operate a business which will be a
credit to the village.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
Little Sauk

Simon Holms had his corn
shredded last week. Henderson and
Kercher did the shredding.
Arthur Stobeck will leaveS for
Sioux City, Iowa, Thursday. Mr..
Stobeck expects to be- back in a
weeks time. ss Ai
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Johnson
visited at the S. E. Johnson home
Sunday afternoon. S : =
Theodore Shader was hauling
corn fodder for A. o. Undem Fri
day.
OWN Murch was assisting Arthur
Jacobson shredding for Otto. Blank
Monday.
dad" Peterson was gathering in
his garden vegetables Monday. +
Lyle Stevenson, our creamery as
sistant, was granted short vaca-
tion last week but we noticed him
back on the job full of pep" Mon
day.
Gealine Sorenson visited her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Olaf Soren-
son Sunday.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
Mrs. Thomas Lynch
Died Wednesday
-(Continued From Page One)

Sauk Centre and vicinity. Ten
children were born to them, seven
of whom are living. They are: Mrs.
B. w. Barnard, Portland, Ore;
Frank T. Pangburn, Sauk Centre;
Mrs. F. A. Barnard, Grand Forks,
N. D.; Mrs. H. Fielding, Sauk Cen
ire; Mrs. Jessie Nicholson, Port
land, Ore; Ralph Pangburn, Eek
elson, N. D. All of the children ex-
cept Mrs. Minnie Barnard, and
Mrs. Jessie Nicholson, Portland,
Ore, returned home to attend the
funeral. There are II grandchil-
dren and five great grandchildren.
The pallbearers were -all old
friends of the family: John Nc
Gibbon, v. L. Burgess, w. H. Park
er, Charles Bruce, G. D. Cass, of
this city, and M. J. Cleveland, St.
Cloud. .
Early in life Mrs. Pangburn be-
came affiliated with the Methodist
church. Until her health failed she
was active in the ladies' organiza-
tions. She was not a charter mem
Der of B. r. Palmer Post, Wo-
mans Relief Corps, but was an ac-
titve member for many years.
Mrs. Pangburn went through
the rigors Of pioneer life and raised
a fine family under conditions
which were familiar to all early
settlers. She was very highly re-
garded by those who had enjoyed
her acquaintance over a long per-
iod of years. The remains were
laid to rest on Greenwood cemetery
beside her husband, who passed
away in 1915.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
GROWS SWEET POTATOES

Jacob Botz, of this city, received
49 sweet potato sprouts from his
sister-in-law, Mrs. Mary G. D.
Botz, of Conway, Missouri, last
spring, which he planted in his
garden and successfully cultivated
to maturity. The sprouts arrived
here about May Goth, a trifle too
late to insure full growth. Mr.
Botz dug them Tuesday of last
week and received a very good
crop, considering the growth of the
Irish variety in his garden. A pail
full of the sweet tubers were dug,
which weighed II pounds, one of
them reaching the weight of one
and one-half pounds. The Botz
family enjoyed two meals of the
toothsome spuds and the remainder
will be placed in dry sand. In the
spring Mr.. Botz will pour water on
them so that they will sprout for
seed next year. 1t has been an in
teresting experience for Mr.. Botz
and he feels well rewarded for his
troubles.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
Thursday, October Is, 1880

A new barn will be built this fall
on the Prosper Nelson place. Harry
Johnson will furnish sand for the
concrete. 80
Walter Zeiger bought nice COW
from Robert johnson a short time
ago. "a.
Arthur Jacobson will. shred corn
for Everftt Thompson Thursday.
Church announcements: :
Sunday School at 1000 A. M.
Regular Service at HOO A. M.
Evening Service at 500 P. M. at
the Swedish Lutheran church next
Sunday.
The Ladies Aid meets with Miss
Lillian Strobeck next Saturday.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
County and State
Ballots Are Long
CONTINUED From Page One)

Henry Bartlett Communist.
Nominated by Petition.
State Auditor
Stafford King-Republican.
Henry G. Teigan-Farmer-Labor
Benjamin NJ Loeffler-
State Treasurer
Julius A. Schmahl-Republica
Frederick Miller-Farmer-La
]. Pierce Wolfe-Democrat.
Attorney General
Henry N. Benson-Republican
Joseph B. Himsl-Farmer-La
Walter F. Dacey-Democrat
Railroad and Warehouse Commits
Frank w. Matson-Republic
Elmer Gottfreid Johnson-Farm-
er-Labor.
August Blomquist-Democra
Nick Maki-Communits Nomi-
mated by Petition.
Clerk Supreme Court
Grace Kaercher Davis-Republi-
can.
Roy C. Smelker-Farmer-L
Chlef JuSlce or the supreme court
Samuel 5. Wilson-Noninated
without party designation.
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court
Andrew Holt-Nominate with
out party designation.
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court
Edward j. Lee-Nominated with
out party designation.
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court
Royal A. Stone-Nominated with
out party designation.
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court
William H. neutrality-suspicious.
mated without party designa-
ton.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
COUNTY BALLOT

Member of Congress -.
Harold Knutson, Congressman,
st. Cloud-Republican
John -Farmer-Labor.
P. J. Russell-Democrat. "a.
State Senator-Forty-Sixth District
John Observation-Disclosures with
out party designation.
Representative in 1st Division of
46th Legislative District
zeno F. Moser-Nomlnated with
out party designation.
Bernard H. Otte = Nominated
without party designation.
Representative in End Division of
46th Legislative District
Hugh p. Griffin - Nominated
without party designation.
VIM. Observation-Disclosures with
out party designation.
County Auditor
Nicholas Thomey - Nominated
without party designated. IL
County Treasurer
L. J. Kost-Nominated without
party designation.
Register of Deeds -.
Ray H. Bruning = Nominated
without party designation.
Geo. Deering- Nominated without
party designation.
Sheriff
Edward ]. Brick = Nominated
without party designation.
B. E. Schoener-Nominated with
out party designation. >
County Attorney
James J. Quigley = Nominated
without party designation.
Clerk of District Court
John L.. Dominik = Nominated
without party designation. :
County Superintendent Of Schools
William*A Boerger-Nominated
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
FTREMEN'S BALL

The annual ball of the Sauk Cen
tire Volunteer Fire Department
which will likely be held in the
Junior High School Auditorium
Thanksgiving night will, of course,
be one if the big social events of
the season. There has been more
than the usual number of calls for
the firemen this season. The only
money the boys get out of spelling
their clothes and their labor is a
Christmas present from the dance
fund. The public should
give the ticket sellers unusually
generous support this year.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
District 81

We had program for Columbus
Day. We celebrated it on Friday
afternoon. Mrs. Lynch, Mrs. frisco,
Mrs. Shanahan, Mrs. Quade, Mrs.
Kane, Mrs. Peterson and Anna
Chermak were to the program.
They served lunch when the pro-
gram was over. The children played
ball.
Our County nurse Miss Barron
was here Wednesday and is going
to come Tuesday. She is going to
look at the teeth, throat and eyes
of each and how much each
weighs. This goes on our health
record.
Superintendent Boeger visited at
our school Monday.
Sam RoSeneau and Frank Kin
sella were at our school to look at
the well. So far they have been
unable to locate the trouble.
Anna Chermak visited at our
school last week.
Seventh and Eighth grades are
busy reading books for book re-
ports. This is our first work. We
had current events in reading
Monday and found some of us
reading only the back page.
Fourth and Fifth Geography
made booklets containing a map
of New England States one of
products and one of state and cap
itals. They also found out about
maple sugar and cranberries.
Program numbers for Friday
were:
rAmerica the autiful"-School
Early life of Columbus ....-.......
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

the advantage of securing subscrip-
tions right up unil the last moment
of the third period 10 o'clock Satur-
day evening, Oct. 25th. Friends
wishing to help their favorite can
didates may also have their votes
counted in on this period provided
they are mailed on or before 1000
o'clock P. M. Oct 25.
Now for the finish.
The eyes of the entire county and
surrounding counties are upon the
gains of the valiant workers. Can
didates, you have nine days to
make winning a certainty. If you
don't win you will have only your
self to blame.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

MAJESTIC DAYS ARE HERE
AGAIN so COOKING EASE is
HERE AGAIN. SEE THE "MA-
JESTIC" AT WEDGE HARD
WARE.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

THE RANGE WITH THE REP
UTATION, THE MAJESTIC. SEE
1T ON DISPLAY NOW-WEDGE
HARDWARE. t-A'
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
The Churches

st. Paul's Catholic Church
Sunday Low Mass at 500 A. M:
High Mass 1000 a. m.- and Bene-
diction at 2:30 p. m.
Our Lady of the Angels Church
Early Mass A. M, High Mass
sermon, benediction 10 A. M.
Good Samaritan Episcopal Church
Church School Sunday morning
at 9:45.
Morning prayer and sermon at
II o'clock.
Rev. E. B. Jewell, Rector.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

Assembly Of God
Prayer meeting Wednesday at
8 P. M.
Sunday School Sunday at 10 A.
M.
Preaching Sunday at II A. M.
Evangelistic meetinss Sunday at
8 p. M.
Rev. S. e. Oliver in charge.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

without party designation.
Philip Goerger-Nominated with
. out party designation.
County Commissioner, Firth Dis
F. ]. Borgmann - Nominated
without party designation.
County Coroner ;o@
M. J. Kren-Nominated without
party designation.
Court Commissioners
J.. I. Observation-Disclosures with
out party designation.
County Surveyor
Sam Chute Nominated without
party designation.
M. 8. Lang-Nominated without
party designation.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

DON'T FORGET THE BEAU
TIFUL SET OF NICKLEWARE
FREE WITH EACH MAJESTIC
RANGE PURCHASED THIS
WEEK. WEDGE HARDWARE.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

OOIu11IDuS dt OOuTC, ICIuIe go
-.- Valeria frisco
Columbus at Court" Play Vic
tor Bromeschenkle, Joe Kinsella,
Robert Bromenschenkle, RAJ
mona Shanahan
"Shipsi of Columbus" --.-.--...---------
MARY Lynch, Eugene Quade
"Sail On" .....-... Marie Shanahan
"Story Of Egg" ..--------.. Patty frisco
Keep A Trying" ....-..- Nora Lynch
America" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. .-.. School
Those who did not take part
helped make pictures costumes
and other decorations.
The play of Columbus at Court"
was from two plays made by the
eighth grade.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

First Methodist Episcopal Church
Services Next Sunday
$3.50 A. M. Church School. p. .
10:45 A. M. Morning worship.
1880 p. M. County Sunday School
Rally at the Congregational church.
No evening service at the Metho-
dist. &gJis. Ea@F
s j. G. Craig, Pastor.
Zion Lutheran Church
18 Sunday after Trinity
300 A. M. Service in German
1000 A. M. Sunday School
HOO A. M. Service in English.
Congregational Church
Service at 10:45 A.. M.
Sunday School $3.50 A. M.
Rev. L. w. Porter, pastor Of the
Peoples Church, st. Paul will de-
liver the sermon. =
Geoffrey Arden ef-London was
convicted Of kidnapping his wealthy
grandfather.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16
Herald's Campaign
Will Soon Be Over

Continued from Page One)
The Sauk Centre herald., 1930-10-16

Columbus at Court" Picture 49,.
Valeria frisco
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
What Makes Human Being Lift Voice in Song?

Why do insects make music? DR..
n. A Allard of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, has been
bothering about this problem. Agri-
cultural interest led him TO study in
sects. He became interested in their
music. That led him into scientific
speculation. and he was lost. The
usual explanations, he decided, were
no good
"Sex alone doesn't explain It," he
says. mo cricket needs to chirp
himself to death, 4,OO0,000 or 100000
times on one bush, to win the momen-
tary attention of silent, lonely fe-
male in rhe vicinity. Here is the weird
mystery Of insect music. its eternal
persistence, an eternal wing-play In
some restless role of life, designed, it
would seem. to keep the insect happy
and content while 1t lives along to the
very threshold of death" So Doctor
Allard gives it up.
Well. pass up the insects. then.
What makes birds sing? Ornithoio-
gists often say they sing because
they're happy. But some birds don't
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Find Old Secret PassaRa

A game of golf near Barnet, Eng
land, over the North Middlesex golf
course, resulted in discovery Of the
underground passage to a monastery.
While the match was in play the rear
wheels of an automobile owned by
one of the players sank out Of sight.
investigations disclosed that the
wheels disappeared in the entrance
of the underground passages of the
old Cistercian monastery, lost for more
than 100 years. The place originally
belonged to the Cistercian monks but
was sequestered by Henry VIII, at
whose death it passed to Queen Eliza
beth. The site of the monastery now
forms a major part of the North Mid
dlesex golf course.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18

dren. Oh, | did hope that my child
might open its eyes in GODS own coun-
tryside. We owe il all to Jack Reed"
Reed? One of the building firm p
asked Ruth.
YES" said the neighbor. "He Is
still a young man, but wishes to give
away the fortune he inherited. He Is
an architect and works right with his
men. He builds these homes so that
salaried people may purchase them on
easy terms"
The noise Of motor cycle was
heard; the man they had spoken
about came up the path.
II was looking for you, Mrs. Rob-
erts," he began. II came to tell you
that your sisters house will be fin
ished in time for her wedding day."
The happy little wife clapped her
hands, then bent over her sleeping son
in his carriage.
do you hear that, my wee one?
Aunt Madge is coming to live near
u.s." Then, lifting her eyes to Ruth,
she said: "Mr. Reed spends his life
making other people happy"
He did not answer. but his eyes
sought Ruth's in a fashion that sent
crimson tide TO her cheeks and set
her wondering why it was that this
man with all the qualities of the true
home lover should spend his days pro-
viding homes for others and not make
a home of his own?
But that question and many others
were answered one evening sometime
afterward when Mrs. Roberts saw
Ruth and Jack Reed standing very
close together on the porch Of "Sun-
Trap" where he was now a frequent
guest.
'They are going to be as happy as
we are" she said ecstatically, running
in quickly TO tell her husband. "Oh,
Roger, | bet the house that Jack
builds for Ruth will be a charming
one, but she deserves the very best"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Cannibal Microbes in Water

Magnifying drop Of water one
million times reveals ferocious canni-
bal microbes which make vicious at
tacks on other less hardy breeds, or
even set traps for the unwary ones,
says Popular Mechanics Magazine.
One of the species is savage roti-
fer" whose pincerlike jaws devour
other microbes, and another is 'blad-
derwort," which. although a plant, is
a "meat eater" setting netlike traps
for itinerant microbes. AT the New
York Museum of Natural History a
glass device which enlarges microbe
life has been installed. Four years
of work was necessary to make the
model of life in a drop of water, which
was blown in glass.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18

sound like it. A mourning dove, for
instance. Or an owl. Or gull. Let's
get on more familiar ground. Why
do people sing? Here, too, a casual
observer may say we sing for happi-
ness, or for reasons based on sex.
But we may doubt either explanation.
We don't notice men and women sing
ing much when they go a-wooing.
Sometimes we sing when we're happy.
But the American philosopher, Bill
Nye. said 81 am saddest when / sing"
And the English poet Shelley wrote.
Our sweetest songs are those that
tell of saddest thought"
Generally speaking, we seem to sing
because we like it, though this sug-
gestion applies to voluntary singing
not school or church singing. What
ever the motive, the results are usual
ly good. Like the insects. while we're
singing we're not fretting ourselves
with futile worry about the future
Kokomo Tribune.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
And Lillian Got IL

How pOstmen who deliver mail to
large apartment houses learn to identi-
fy the tenants by their first names is
a mystery to at least one family. Re-
Gently a letter was sent to a member
Of this family bearing the correct
street and number, but addressed SIM
ply 10 "Miss Lillian" With 10 other
mail boxes to choose from the mail
man selected the right box in which
to place the letter.-New York Sun.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Good Markso

The parents of two East side chill
dren promised them something nice
If their report cards were good. The
little girl brought hers home very
proudly and exhibited it. Buddy
didn't bring his home until the fol-
lowing day, and knowing his sixties
and seventies wouldn't match up with
his sisters, he added cipher to them
to make them read 600 and 7OO.-In-
dianapolis News.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Proud Old Spanish City

Toledo, ancient capital Of Spain, Is
her most crowded city. Physically
crowded-with narrow streets and
buildings squeezed inside the walls.
leaving not an inch to spare. 1t is
crowded, too. with associations and
memories: of Spain in her glory un-
der Ferdinand and Isabella; of the
MOors who came before; of Cervantes
and Ell Greco. SPANS great artists.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Beauty of Gratitude

Gratitude is one of those bridges
which tie the ancient world to the
modern, which link decent men and
women of all ages together in the gen.
tie bonds which end In the land of
love. The way is dark, and many mill
lions cropping for love find it not. But
the lantern of gratitude. shining in
the gloom, will lead them as near to
it as they can go here below.-Boston
Herald.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Permanent Point

A permanent monograph needle has
been perfected which does not injure
the records and which will play loud
or soft music as desired. The pitch
is changed by a small adjustment
screw working near the needle point
The claim is made that $4,000 records
may be played with one permanent
needle.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Famous Bronzes

Bronze horses of Venice are sup
posed to belong TO some GraecO-RomaD
triumphal quadriga. These were
brought to Venice by Doge Enrico
Dandolo in 1904. They have had num-
erous adventures. During the World
war they were taken down from the
place before st. Marks cathedral and
safely hidden.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18

OR WALTER RALEIGHhad hunch
- that PiPe-lovers would welcome
some practical hints on how to take
care of pipe. 1t was good bunch.
Thousands of pipe smokers have sent
for this free booklet.
1t tells you how to break in a new
piPe-how to make good pipe smoke
smoother and sweeter-the proper way
to clean PiPe-and many worthwhile
hints On pipe hygiene.
IF you haven't sent for this booklet,
write for a copy today and find out
what pipe makers and PiPe-lovers sug-
gest doing to keep your pipe sweet and
mellow. just drop a line to the Brown G;
Williamson Tobacco Corporation,
Louisville, Kentucky, Dept. 90.
Tune in on "The Raleigh Revue"
every Friday, 1000 to HOO p. ".
CNev York Time) over the WEAP
coast TO coast network OfN B. c.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Bark of Tree Brings $4,000

White-spotted bark of a cinnamon
tree in the province of Thank Hoa.
French Indo-China, has been sold for
$4,000. This is believed to be the high
est price paid for the bark of single
tree. The cinnamon tree reaches a
height of 80 feet. and the bark is
stripped off and sold.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
He Needs a System

band, doctor?"
"Oh, his stomach is in bad disorder"
Eyes; just what l thought. never
saw any one as disorderly as he. Have
you ever noticed his writing desk?"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Jewish Atonement Dax

"Yom" is Hebrew for day" and
Yom Kippur means day of atonement.
1t is the tenth day of October and is
observed by the Jews by fasting and
continuous prayer for "a hours.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18

schemes going on
around you. You are popular.
Not many suspect you of being a
matchmaker, but one of your chief de-
lights is to draw people together. Does
your heart ache just a little, Jennie,
when you draw two friends together,
and then discover that you wanted the
man, just little, yourself?
And yet, if you knew the result fui-
ly every time, don't think you could
resist the ability to be a matchmaker.
It's just part of you.
Your sharp little nose will go push
ing itself into human entanglements.
as you bend over your sewing. l do
hope you sew, little anyway, as that
would be so natural to this name.
If you do sew you are probably one
of the best seamstresses in your town,
for you do anything that comes to
your hand exceptionally well.
Don't think regard you as of small
Importance. Jennie, know the posi-
bilities pretty well. may not be old
enough to have heard the great Jenny
Lind, the Swedish Nightingale. but
she serves as an example to show you
what Jennie can do.
You must have a lot of fun through
it all. Even if you are called upon
to help in the sad times in life Of
those around you. there is sort of
sweet Joy in the service you render.
And If some people think that you
pry into things a little too easily,
there must be others who think that
you have a marvellous intuition. At
least, you do seem to solve problems
for people, without their having to
confess all the painful details to you.
Joan
Of course all Joans are not Joans
of Arc. They don't all get famous
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1930-04-18
Our Next Problem

1t Is estimated that the lack Of eff
the country not less than seven or
eight billion dollars year.-American
Magazine.