davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
Pope Gregory made.
 Year Like Circle

The year IS a repetition ot the same months and days. and can best be thought of as a circle. A trip around q circle can start at any point: and similarly the year could be thought of as starting on any day. In fact throughout the past different peoples have started the year in all four of the seasons The Jews began their year carly in Sep tember, the Romans on March 25 the Egyptians on September T, the Greeks on December 21. and the Persians on August II.
 There are. however. four logical places 10 start a new year. based on astronomical considerations. These are: the winter soisticc, which now falls on December 22: the summer soIstiCc. June 21; the spring equinox, March 20; and the autumn equinox, September 2G. Julius Caesar and his astronomical advisers. when they arbitrarily started their re- formed year at the point called Jan uary 1. missed by only seven days ono of ;hc most logical possible yearly starting points: the winter solstice. This is 8 logical starting point for the people of the northern hemisphere (and their interests have so far dominated world arrange ments) because al that time the sun has completed its apparent yearly retreat to the south. and apparently turns back northward bringing in creased light and warmth
 Based on Wrong Calculations
 'Nhen Caesar reformed the calen- dar this significant astronomical eNGn took place on December 35, When growing Christianity. after eN- nerimcntins with other dates. chose December D as the date on which to celebrate the birth of Jesus 1t chose the day that had been marked out under the Julian system by the Nin- ter solsticc. But even then the date. owing to the Julian error. had moved ] from the solstice; and by the time { the Christmas celebration became general, inc calendar had crawlcd forward until the day called Deccm- bcr 25 occurred four days later than the solStlCc. AS the centuries passed. Christmas craWlod ten additionai days away from the solstice. When Pope Gregory applied his correction to the calendar he pushed Dccem bcr 25 ten days back of it's farthest ad . vance, but left it still four days away from the winter solstice.
 The Christian Era as q time measuring device, distinguisned by the Numbering Of the years in both directions from the supposed birth year Of Christ. was not proposed un- tll about 521 A. D. and did not come into general use in Europe until ] about 1000 A. D. In the year 527 the evidence as 10 the time Of Chrst's ! birth was not very dependable. and 1 ir is now believed by many scholars 1 that the calculations on which the ! Christian Era VAS based were in CT
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
PILOT LIKES LIFE MORE THAN STUNTS
Harrigan Would Be Oldest Flier
 Rather Than Greatest
JOHN J. AMERICAN

St Louis. Jan. 17.Pp-Of all aNi- ation's flying heroes Red Harrigan would rather De the oldest than tn. greatest.
 He has spent between 5000 and 10000 hours in the air-Red himself isn't exactly sure-Dithout seri- ous mishap. He has piloted scores O. newly manufactured planes. worth millions Of dollars, oni bapti=~ nal flights without so much 1s scratching their fresh paint.
 After nearly i4 years of manipu- IatinS every kind of ship. he sttli gets d thrill from every flight ani hopes his days in the air have just begun. Red, Ghristened John j., has been flying since 1916. when ,e learned to pilot seaplanes in tn. navy.
 Never has he had q part in an a. cidont in which anyone was killed. On the other hand, he piloted ths in-fated dirisible Shenandoah short lv before its last journey. Likewise he planned trip to Honolulu, onlv to have the flight thuartcd at the last minute, about the time 90 mary aNiators lost their lives trying 10 cross the Pacific.
 One of the few men in the coul- try who possess official QUalifica- tions 10 pilot any and all kinds Of aircraft. Harrigan is known as a safety first" flior. A ship must he airworthy before he will fly it.
 Asked about his philosophy of the air, Harrigan always makes th. same laconiC remark;
 T would ra;hCr be the oldest than the greatest tNcr."
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
NEW YEARS FIXED
 THROUGH AN ERROR
Date "l9S0" Also Result Of
 Mistaken Calculation

Washington. D. C., Jan. 17.-Why do We start our new year on Janu- ary 1?
 And why is our newcs, year num- bered 1850?
 Put the first question 10 the first ten persons you meet" suggests a bulletin from the Washington D. (. headquarters Of the National Geo graphic society. and you will prob ably get three or less satisfactory an- sWers.
 Put the second question 10 the same persons and perhaps half or them will insist that exactly 1929 years have elapsed since the birth of Christ.
 Tt would he reasonably correct 10 answer both questions by the state mcnt: Because of an error.
 January is Arbitrary starting Point
 There is really no reason for starting each new year on the day called January 1. except that JuTins Caesar so 1cCrccd il when he re- formed the calendar approximately 1206 years ago. But the day Of the year that Caesar called January ] Is not the day that we so designate. In stead it is the day that NC now call December 2H.
 ''BCcauSe Caesar assumed the year n n lA longer than it really is, the dates 'crawlcd' through the centuries. away from the positions that Julius Caesar gave them. until by 1882 they were fl days out Of place. January I had advanced almost to the middle Of the January marked out by Caesar. In attempting to cor rect this discrepancy Pope Gregory turned the calendar. back. not to lts position in Caesars day. but 10 its position at the time of the Church Council of Nicaea in 325 A. D. when the calendar already had Crawlcd forward four days. Had Pope Gregory made a complete correction January l would have fallen on tho day that We now call December 2S. But after all. the fact that Jan. uuy is still four days away from the position tIAed by the fiat of a Roman emperor is ot no great sig. nificance. The really important mat fer is that the date shall not drift from it's lnoorinss. 90 10 speak. and take up new positions with refer, , ''c To the soasonS: and it's stability Wlthn a very tiny range was proper iy assured by the corrections which
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
miscellaneous private bills.
 Thursday

Senate.
 Refused to grant higher ,snns ou sugar.
 Lobby committee heard requests for investigation ot conference on the cause and cure Of war.
 Request that W. K. Henderson, operator o1 radio station KWKH. ne called was made Of interstate commerce committee.
 Senator Blaine, Of Wisconsin, of fcred a resolution for repeal Of the 18th amendment. as Senator Shep- pard of Texas. hailed the "trium- phant spread" Of prohibition.
 Adopted Bingham resolution 10 authorize an additional z3."vQ.ooo for Porto Rico hurricane relief
 Senator He0iu. Alabama assajled the papaI ,ncyclicat Us attack on American public school system.
 Fort roads committee approved bill 10 appropriate zl.5Go.opo to re build highways in Alabama damag- cd by floods.
 Ecduction O. agricultural freight rates was proposed in r, solution bH senator Brookhart republican, Iowa.
 House.
 Continued general d,bato on treasury post office supply bill
 Speaker LonSworth lauded b2 Representative Howard, democrat Nebraska. for insisting that prohi- hition enforcement proposals b" handled hy regular committees o' house
 Prohibition debate renewed b> Representative Oliver. democrat wet o' New York. and Cooper. rcpubh- can dry of Ohio,
 Representative Tuson ot Counpcti- cut majority leader. said only small part Of postal deficit attributable to fiankinG privilege
 Rules committee approved Parker resolution for investigation Of rail- road holding companies: ordered 5pr cial rule for consideration ot Dowen bill 70 provid. Si25.oo".""9 annually tor federal highway: or dcrcd special rule on Colton rcsolu- ton to authorlze public domain commission, and approved resoIu- ton for congressional investigate" of service pay.
 Immigration committee began hearings on bills to restrict western ItY,3fi s,,, h ,4,,a t,,,t,i io rot i1r1
 Expenditures committee took uI veterans consolidation bin.
 Roads committee approved reso- lution for study or construction ot highway 10 link United States ans Alaska. via British Columbia
 Evers and harbors committee ap- broved DuWamlsh. Washington river project
 Merchant marine committee dc cidcd 10 investigate ocean mail con tracts,
 Military affairs committee decided to invite General Pershrg to testify on Gold Star Mothers bill
 Bill to exclude immigrants from Philippines introduced by R1nre- sentative Welch, republican. Cali fornia.
 Restriction Of Mexican jmmiSra- tion to 2.50o annually proposed in bill by Representative Bacon. re publican. New York.
 Resolution to declare 18th amend ment imperative introduced b. Representative Ia Guardia. epuh. lican. New York
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
GAMBLE WITH GEOLOGY

Minneapolis, Jan. v LP,-Au an swcr 10 an old dispute-is thcr- oil in Minnesota is 10 be settled as a sporting proposition by q group Of Minneapolis mon. Harry r.. Pence. capitalist, is head Of a group 10 make tests near Cosmos Biologists say there is no oil there. Residents say they found traces on pools Of water
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
SLEt ICE WEIGHTS

Made from finest quality pure silk. The finch lisle tops are made from imported soft elastic Egyptian yarls. Well reinforced at toes and heels. Ex- cellent wearing.
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17

Was It Really Worth While?
 Have you ever attended a biz sale on hosiery After much rushing. pushing and fussinC, what did you get" Sometimes Naluc-but usually you get Discontinued Styles-Old or Cnstylish colors or hosiery that arc coarse knit and made up specially for sales purposes. Why take such Chanccsr Clear Weave is ever ct Nour service with high grade hosiery al lower than so- called sales prices
 Why Not Convince Yourself?
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17
AGAINST COLOR BAN

Glasgow. Jan. 17 IIP)-Glasgow university students, taking a definite stand against any color ban. have protested 10 officers of the training In nlian
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17

TOT by from three 10 seven years. We call our new year 1880. therefore, not because we know it to be the nineteen hundred and thirtieth year since the birth of Christ, but because monk named Dionysius ENiguus wrongly calculated the birth year. If the present year bore its strictly proper label 1t would probably he numbered between 1955 and 1957. A. D.
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17

This IS the second ot a series o- five articles by Byron Price, chic. ct tho Wa~hIu-tou iHr,uu Of rh, Associated Pr.as. on ,Ilc conference. at Washington bcginuiu- Januaj 2l 10 limit naval disarmament. NJ" Price, who accompanies the Amau. can delegation. has stripped rh' naval strength question Of it~ Der plrsins tcchnicaIitios and Iylls plain ly and understaudingIy what ma. happen.
New Britain herald., 1930-01-17

horizon arc the actual realization of parity between the United States and Great Britain. and a general trimming down ot all Warship build ing programs for limited number Of years in the immediate future.
 If the conference were to accom- plish thes cthinss and nothing more, it would have attained an enduring place in the evolutionary history of arms limitation
The Washington times., 1930-05-08
This famous oil gives
premium quality at no extra cost

No longer need yourself with the conflicting claims
made for various motor oils.
Performance the thing that counts.
And has proved engines of the Graf Zeppelin
the planes of the Byrd Expedition that other oil in the
world can furnish better protection for your car.
What the of worrying about technical claims about where
the oil from how it is blended when like Dr.
Hugo Eckener Commander of the Graf Zeppelin willing
I we had paid ST. quart for oil coudnt have gotten
better performance than did with VEEDOL"
Here the oil for your that took the Graf Zeppelin
the world Admiral safely South
Pole the fight aviation history you
drive $4,000 better motor oil than vERDoL
TAYLOR-IIORMAN OIL CO.
DISTRIBUTORS
TEIEPH
The Washington times., 1930-05-08
GAINS IN STOCK
TRADIlG CITED
IN REPORT

NEW YORK. May BE i. H
simmons. president Of the New
York stock EXCHANGE. in his an.
nual report made public yesterday
stressed the unprecedented growth
oF the securities market during
the past year and the funda'
mental factors in the business
and financial situation.
The report was submitted on
the eve Of Mr.. Simmons retire
1aent as executive head Of the
stock exchange. He has serVeu
iii that capacity for the pass
seven years.
His successor VIII pe EciioAU
Whitney, vice president.
Records broken
Mr.. Simmons stated that all
4,rpvio,,s records for the volume
81 shares sold on the stock zex,
change were ecltnsed in 1929,
During the year l,l24,6Uo.5lV
shares changed hands, as com,
pared with the previous record
of 920.550 .032. established IN the
preceding year.
In discussing the break IN Sc
clirity prices last autumn, Mr.
Simmons said:
aDespite the universal effects
IL the autumn liquidation, the
evidence goes to show that not
ali ar0ups of American shares
rose and felI according to the
same schedule or to the same
extent"
During thu year. the total mar
ket value IF all listed stocks and
s bonds rose from $114.857 l66 ,653
on January / to a new peak for
all time at $136. .409. .448.062 on
September Subsequently the
value of all listed securities
cropped 10 Sill 500. .336,9li on
January l, 1880.
Values Decrease
The decrease of 256.829, ,742
III the value of securities during
the year contrasts with increases
Ci $28. .240 01S,3eS in 1928 and
sl1. .067 .298 .798 in 1927 The un
usually large increase during 1928
is accounted for by the listing of
two large British government
sterling bond issues of approx.
riately $12,000,0 900 par value, he
reported.
The number of listed shares
added during the year aggregated
37O,38O, ,791 against 102 1902 .551 in
1928 and 69,357 .904 in 1927.
Regarding the drastic break in
the security markets, Mr.. Sim
mons reiterated previous state.
TnentS made by him that one OF
the outstanding causes for the
unprecedented declines in security
prices in October and November
was the enormous volume of new
securities sold during the last
r'onthS of the rising markets.
Business Extremes
Insofar as business conditions
I last wear are concerned, ne SAID
"The year 1929 will un-
dOubtedIy go down in American
history as particularly signifi-
cant because Of the extremes
In business which it witnessed.
During the first six months.
the average production and con.
sumption of goods not only
maintained the high levels Of
1928, but so far exceeded them
rs to establish many new high
records for all time.
"But in the third quarter, .
period Of hesitation and change
Of trend set in. whose signifi.
canoe was not at first clearly
apparent. In the first quarter,
this change Of trend developed
into a D-neipitOus decline m.
80 avcaafad In sav,aritv efana 1924 -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06

ducked and lodged and it was only by
the merest good luck that he escaped
Hooty'S great claws.
But one of his companions was not
so fortunate. Mrs Hooty was also TAX
ing part in putting the Crows to flight
and she had been quick enough to seize
one of the young Crows. It was all
over in an instant. He didn't have
time to even scream. Meanwhile. all
the Crows had taken to their black
wings. They were getting away nom
there just as fast as they could. And
Hooty and Mrs. Hooty were after them.
Instead of being driven away by the
Crows, they were themselves driving the
Crows away. Such a ducking and
Such a scattering in all directions!
Such a sudden silence after all that
noise! Those Crows held their tongues
now All they wanted was to get away
as quickly and as far as possible. In
surprisingly short time not q Crow
was to be seen in that part Of the
Green Forest. Meanwhile, Hooty had
caught another young Grow. He
brought it back with him to the tree
him there. They each had q Grow.
That meant that they would have
Grow dinner.
'To-whoo!" said Hooty. Those Crows
are a nuisance"
"To-whoo, to-whoo!" replied Mrs.
Hooty. They furnished us a dinner
anyway. Well keep this nest. I don't
think they'll visit US again."
That night, as Blacky and Mrs.
Blacky sought their usual perch, Blacky
said, I'm afraid we shall have to give
up that nest, my dear. I'm afraid we
shall have to go to the trouble of build
ing a new nest"
There isn't any doubt about It,"
replied Mrs. Blacky. II couldn't 60
back to that nest now if never had
another home. What under the sun
made you think you could drive those
Owls away?"
We've done it before" replied
Blacky.
Mrs. Blacky shook her head. mot
from a nest" said she. I'VE have
driven them away when they have Just
been roosting; but this is different. I
don't believe all the Crows that ever
gathered in the Green Forest could
drive those Owls away from that nest.
Listen!"
Blacky listened. From another part
Of the Green Forest came the hunting
call of Hooty the Owl. Blacky shivered
a little. So did Mrs. Blacky. Every
Crow in the Green Forest shivered Q
little.
Copyright, ls9o)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06

ANSWER TO Yesterdays PUZZLE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06
Flight of Black Rascals.

Hooty the Owl was fast losing his
temper. Mrs. Hooty was losing hers
even faster. More and more angry
sounded their Kisses. Louder and
louder they snapped their bills. But
the young Crows who were tormenting
them by screaming at them and pre-
tending to attack them took no heed of
this. Only Blacky and Mrs Blacky and
a few of the older Crows needed the
signs and gradually drew farther and
farther away.
Now, there is a general idea abroad
in the land that Hooty the Owl and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06

Mrs. Hooty cannot see well in the day
light. It appeared that the young
Crows had heard this and believed it.
Nothing could be farther from the
truth. No, indeed, nothing could be
farther from the truth. 1t is true that
Hooty and Mrs. Hooty do not like to
fly about in daylight. They do not
like the sun. Besides, it is their time
for sleep, for they have been out all
night. But they can see, and see we'll
The younger Crows we're growing
holder and holder. They were showing
off and having wonderful time doing
it. They were daring each other to
tweak few feathers from those Owls.
My, how impudent they were! And
then, without any warning, Hooty
With a frightened shrek, that Crow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06

Bermuda ships quantities Of Easter
lilies TO New York.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06
BEDTIME STORIES BY y. r sSss4ss

Wise. is he who knows he's beaten,
Ere he's killed and mayhap eaten.
-Blacky the Crow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-02-06

Across.
: ]. Shining spot on the sun.
Z. Prickly plant.
10. TWo-handed
Il. Unfasten a lock.
10 Article.
II. Subordinate part of a building.
10. Small fastening.
10. Masculine pronoun.
90. Legal science.
%. Cuts ones molars.
"a. Boggy land.
%. Entangle.
81. Long scarf.
28. Clipped.
80. Land measure.
81. Foam
; 80. Soft mud.
"a. Chapel in memory of a martyr.
sc. Legislator
80. Metal dish.
SO. Fruit envelope.
40. Whole number.
"A. CompactneSS.
48. Disrupted.
40. Pirate flag.
81. Repetition.
So Out of order.
81. Rowing instrument.
SIS. Dress the feathers
Sc. Overlapping margin.
81. Fill with eXaltation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-27
GROWTH IN CANNING
INDUSTRY is SHOWN

Tin cans in 1929 consumed more
than one-fourth Of the worlds supply
OF tin, and the proportion will be higher
TINS year, according to figures compiled
by British producers. Eight billion cans
were manufactured in 1929 and As 600
tons of pure tin were used. The great
increases in food canning throughout
the world will boost these figures to
new heights in the next few years.
tin can starts its life as an oblong
lump of iron about half an inch thick
This is put into a furnace and after
ward rolled into a thin sheet. The
sheet is folded in halves and then con-
signed to the flames again. The folding
and rolling process is repeated until the
block OF iron is converted into I6 Sheets
OF plate stuck together.
The sheets are separated and then
dipped by the thousand into a sulphuric
acid bath. Next they are plunged into
molten tin and emerge a beautiful silver
color. A high polish is given to the
silver color by rollers covered with Sheep
skin. Every sheet is then examined for
defects, and If it is perfect it passes
INTO the automatic machine which turns
out tin cans at a tremendous rate.
Forty-f1ve thousand tons of tin, valued
at about $3.50 ton at present prices,
thus start on the way to the scrap heap.
for can, once used, has served its use.
full purpose.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-27
BASIC INDUSTRIAL
|. ACTIVITY QUICKENS
Business Barometers Indi-
, cate Definite Trade Upturn
During Past Week.
Special Dispatch to The star.

special Dispatch to The Star
NEW YORK. January 27.-While
primary distribution and general trade
are SeaSonally slack and still some
what hesitant, basic industrial activity
in the United States has quickened and
each week brings further evidence that
the decline has been checked and that
definite upturn is not far OF, says
the Business Week in its report covering
the week ended January rs.
Steel operations have shown an un-
usually strong year start, general build
ing Is moving at higher level than in
December and if Government reports
are true, an upturn in employment in
January has resulted from organized
business support of the Presidents ef-
forts.
1t will be better in the end If bust
ness revival proceeds, as it now does,
slowly and firmly. Call money rates
are so low and general commercial
rates are still too high to risk the pos
slble effect on the stock market of a
false start in business recovery. The
market, however, is getting into a sound
position for moderate rise in activity
and prices.
Bank security loans are still heavy
and the short interest probably large.
But while there is still a lot for the
market to digest, there is very little
to debate.
Business revival would probably be
Facilitated and not much ENDANGERED
by further lowering of rediscount
rates. We should expect this almost
any week now.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-27
Specially Priced for
A Limited Time
NernOflex Corsets

Just reminder that January is almost
over, and Saturday these Nemofex foun-
dation garments go back to their regular
ll-month price of $40. They are famous
for their extra diaphragm and abdominal
belts that give such wonderful uplift sup
port, moulding the figure to the new lines.
Long and medium-In sizes SO to 81.
Corset shOp-Third
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-27
Phone Orders Filled

If you cannot be here tomorrow, tele.
phone your order. Call National $500
our personal shopper, Miss Jane Stuart
will gladly shop for you as long as
quantities last.
curtains-~Fifth Floor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-01-27
: Farm Buying Power

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW HAVEN, Conn, January 81
Agricultural prices rose by 1.8 per cent
last week. the index being the highest
since September 81, 1929. This index
has recovered 80 per cent of the loss
incurred in the recent slump.
Non-agricultural prices are still very
week, last weeks index, 91.3, only two
tenths OF a point above the low on
November %.
With the agricultural prices strong
and non-agricultural prices weak farm
purchasing power rose 2 per cent last
week. This Is the highest index since
September 81, slightly in excess Of 2
points below the 1929 high point on
July rs. This index lost points In the
l6-week slump, and in the 10 weeks fol-
lowing this lowest point 1t has recov-
cred more than SO per cent of the loss.
Index numbers of agricultural and
agricultural prices for various
periods are given in the following table
with the index of farm purchasing
power which is their quotient. For
each the average for 1926 represents
100: