davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
ROOF GAYETY
AT LIDO

Jardtn Lido, the roof-garden
atop the Arlington Hotel, where
cool hreezes are the order Of the
evening"" is still the popular
choice with amusement seekers
around town. No matter what
heights street temperature may
attain, 1t is always cool and
comfortable at the sky play
ground.
Another gay and peppy sky
land frolic was held last night.
Featured in the floor show on
this occasion were Purnell Ma
that's, a talented dancer direct
from the Hollywood Cafe in
New York and Austin Shaw,
famous at the roof rendezvous
for his clever grooming.
The new Lido band under the
direction Of Les Sheriff. pur-
veys a style of dance rhythm dds
tinctive in itself. Dick Crook
and AL Senior, vocaliSts, add
their bit to the evenings en-
tertairnent.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
A StOre-StudiO

One Of the jobs for the tech
nical department Of Metro Gold
wyn-Mayer during the making Of
Our Blushing Brides" was to
convert an actual department
store into motion picture sound
studio. Joan Crawford. Anita
Page and Dorothy Sebastian ap-
pear in the picture at Loew's
Columbia.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
A MOrOsO Story

Joan A. Morosco's popular novel
The Quarry" furnished the in.
spiration for Max Marcin's thrill.
ing motion picture story, Shadow
Of the Law" now playing at
Loew's Palace, featuring William
Powell.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
William POIUeLL'Seen
In StripeS of COnUict

Believe 1t or not but the i'm
maculate william Powell, who is
usually depicted as a debonair
sleuth, wears . convict suit in
his latest picture Shadow Of the
Law" now playing at Loew's
Palace.
But lest you get any wrong
impressions, be it understood that
he is innocent Of any crime.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
Edison ard Gregory
Versatile Musicians

Anything seemingly becomes a
musical instrument in the hands
Of these two melodious geniuseS,
Bill Edison and Charlie Gregory,
who are now at the Fox Theater
as the featured players in Fan
chon and Marcos "OvertureS'
idea.
For their engagement here,
they are extracting music from
a glove, a hand saw, an umbrella,
a balloon whistle, a breakaway
basson and a vacuum cleaner.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
ArnGUt Boys From
Theatrical Family

The two Arnaut brothers ap-
pearing this week at Loew's Pal
ace in "July Follies'' are only up.
holding the family tradition when
they appear on the stage. ~
For generations back their an
ceStors have been circus perform,
ers, acrobats, stage players, sing.
ers and troubadours. It is claimed
that the immortal Sarah BerHlss,
hardt started as an acrobat ir1~'
one Of their grandfather's shows.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
EARLE CLICKS
ON SCREEN
AND STAGE

Grant Withers, a new star in
the Hollywood constellation, shines
brilliantly at the Earle this week
in Dancing sweeties," piece
which, in spite Of its name, goes
over in a great, big way.
OF course, there's a pretty girl
in this picture: all shows have
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
FOX BILL WINS
RATING OFA-1
ALL ROUND

There's q banR.up bill at the
Fox Theater this week, with Ed.
mund Lowe in one Of the bet
ter underworld pictures and q
stage show with plenty Of snap.
1t lives up to billing, Biggest
Show in washington"
Edmund Lowe Is q gangster
who dies with his boots on.
He never realizes his good in
tentions. Cast as David Cresson,
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
Texas Star

Joan Crawford who plays the
lead in Our Blushing Brides"
now playing the second week at
Loew's Columbia was born In
San Antonio, Texas, educated in
Kansas City, appeared on the
stage in New York and in spite
Of it all became a star in Holly.
wood. Get your Biographies.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19
Joan as Designer

Joan Crawford, who designs
most Of her own gowns, aided
Gilbert Adrian, noted fashion de-
signer, in creating the models
shown in "Our BluShing Brides, 50
now playing the second week at
Loew'S Columbia.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19

them. In this
one, Sue Carol
carries the love
interest. q n d
you all know
how charming
she can be-;
good looking,
good voice, and
a good actress.
But everyone
doesn't kno W
w tth ers yet.
After the news
gets around,
though. they'll
ali want to.
The Washington times., 1930-07-19

q sick genClG-
man crook who
can make oily
and ALA nit
speeches to the
ladies, but can
be hard as
steel in ruling
his owr gun
m E n, Act o r
Lowe actually
m q n q G eS to
make the part
appealing.
The story Of
Good Inten-
tion 50 ha
hrtlls and
The Washington times., 1930-07-19

Housing worries never confront q
hOme-Owner-abOlish these worries for
life through the purchase Of ono Of
the homes advertised for sale In to-
days Classified Ads.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
ROMpING Ar ROUlDTHE|
:RADIoA AZ2.]D DlALs
by REN WADE
BY BEN WADG

be disclosed when Dominica Sa-
vino presents his American Rhap-
sody during the Savino Tone Pic
lures program.
WRC-"The evenin' sun goes
down"
w. C. Handy's "St. Louis Blues" I"
the immortal jazz classic of the
no-good lady with the diamond
ring has been, after these many
years, arranged by Will Donald
son, director of the Happy Won
der Bakers Trio, and will be a
the presentation in which will be
heard a symphony orchestra, and
vocal and instrumental soloists.
The musical highlight will be q
tabloid Interpretation Of Bee
thoven's Fifth Symphony" re-
cognized by musicians as the
most perfect composition in this
form.
WMAL-Henry and George.
The program will feature particu-
larly Washington.
$3.50 p. M.
WMAL-At Italian musicians
conception of life in America will
feature of the Bakers program.
900 p. M.
WMAL-In the last Graybar,
Mr.. and Mrs. episode, it will be
recalled that Joe had added a
blooded pig to his faSt-growiug
collection of live stock, hoping
thus to solve the garbage dis
posal problem.
He didn't know at the time,
however, that his pig was a sow,
and that she was anticipating
an interesting event. He discov-
ers that nature has been at work
unbeknownst to him during the
Graybar program. Amt Nature
Grand"
9:15 p. M.
WMALs-Selected arias from
Verdis opera, La Traviata," !"
which was first performed in
1853 at La Fenice Theater, Ven
ice, will be presented during the
Grand Opera Miniature Hour.
The Columbia Orchestra with
Adele VaSa, soprano; Barbara
Maurel, contralto, and Theo
Karle, tenor.
$3.50 p. M.
WRC-A program dedicated to
the "optimists" will be the high.
light of the R-K-O program. Songs
Of sunshine and smiles will pre-
dominate throughout the pro-
gram. Artists to be featured in
clude Hazel Glen, soprano; Jay
Velie, tenor: and. Ann Seymour.
1O:3N p. M.
WMAL-Lee Sims, Wizard of
the Ivories," his vaudeville team
mate, Ilomay Bailey and Irving
Aaronson and his Commanders
Orchestra have been added to the
talent Of the Chicago Variety
Hour"
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
CHARLES r. SANFORD and GEORGE
II, HAPP. Attorneys. Fendall Building.

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA holding Probate Court. No.
40515. Administration. This is TO Give
Notice. That the subscriber. of the Dis
trict OF Columbia has obtained from the
Probate Court of the District of Columbia,
Letters of ADMINISTRATION eta. on the es-
tate of Aaron b. Watts. late of the Dis
trict Of Columbia. deceased All persons
having claims against the deceased are
hereby warned 10 exhibit the same, with
the vouchers thereof. legally authenticated,
10 the subscriber, on or before the 28th
day of June, A. b. 1881: otherwise they
may by law be excluded from all benefit
of said estate Given under my hand this
26th day Of June 1880; GEORGE LEE
THEODORE COGswEIL. Register of wil's
for the District of Columbia Clerk of the
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

Amos n Andy are in Holly
wood and N.B.C. assumed an addi-
tional expense Of $4,000 a day
for sending their broadcast from
the Pacific slope. This is the ex-
ira assessment for telephone wires
which is incidental to their de-
parture from the broadcastlng
base, Chicago.
The is no vacation in sight for
the boys this summer. Not only
will they be sending out their reg
ular broadcast nightly for the
next month or so but they viii
also be making their first movie
picture, which is scheduled for
s release the coming fall
| There is a great difference OF
opinion as to what effect their
splurge into the talkies is going
to have on their standing as a
radio team. There are many who
feel that once they are seen on
the screen that the illusion that
comes with their radio broadcast
will be dispelled Each one Of US
have conceived in our minds eye
Just how Amos and Andy look.
They, as well as Lightning, the
Kingfish, Van Porter and all the
rest, have an actual existence to
us. Once we see them 1t is u
question whether this illusion Will
not be shattered and the radio
act in the process is likely to lose
much of its appeal.
However, the forthcoming pic
ture is assured Of a huge sue
cess. It is not at all unlikely
that it will gross more than any
picture yet presented to the
public. Surely no other picture
ever had such a vast audience
waiting for it impatiently.
Officials high up in the picture
world agree that this first movie
venture of the team of blackface
comedians will net to them at
least a million dollars.
The amateur light heavyweight
championship was once held by
Fred Vettel, Columbia System
bass soloist, who is heard in the
Paramount -Publix hour. Born on
New York's East Side, Vettel got
his start in life driving a brick
truck at II. Later he was pro-
-anoted. He unloaded the bricks
from barges at Twentieth Street
and the East River.
II. v. Kaltenborn, who edits the
news over the Columbia network,
calls radio the Fifth Estate. "If
the newspapers are the Fourth
Estate, broadcasting is the Fifth"
he says.
Highlights on today's program
are:
1900 p. M.
.WAIAL -. The favorite with
bathroom baritones during the
1918-1919 season, I'm Always
Chasing Rainbows" will be re-
viyed and sung by Julia Sander
son, who co-stars with Frank
Crumit on the broadcast. An
other number dating back sew
rGral years WHICH WILL DC sung dS
a duet by Miss Sanderson and
Mr.. Crumit is "Swaneee Rive r
Blues" one Of the hits of the
"Follies Of 1928" Mr.. Crunit's s
two solos will be "Ro Ro Rollin'
Along and medley of old-time
tunes.
1880 p. M.
WRC-An attempted kidnap-
ing will bring to a climax the
episode Of Frontier Days. ,
$500 p. M.
WRC-A musical narrative pre-
senting the life and works of
Ludwig Won Beethoven, German
composer, will be presented as
the Eveready program.
Nathaniel Sk1lkret will direct
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
RAYMOND b, Dickey and Edward G.. Kriz.
l416 z Street n. w. AttOtneya.

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA--Holding Probate Court.
No 40. 800 Administration This % to
give notice: That the subscriber of the
District of Columbia has obtained from the
Probate Court of the District of Columbia.
letters of administration c. I, 2. on the
estate of Gesche Behrens Wetzel. late OF
the District OF Columbia deceased. All
persons having claims against the deceased
with the vouchers thereof legally authen-
ticated to the subscriber on or before
the 18TH DAY OF JUNE. d. 1881;
from all benefit of said estate. Given un-
der my hand this 18th day Of June. 1890.
EDWARD 9. KRIa I4l6 E.. 4 ~. nonusv r.; W;
Register Of Wills for the District OF Co
lumbia. Clerk of the Probate Court.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
JOHN d. FITZGERALD. Attorney.
$40 d Street n. w.

SUPREME COURT. OF THE DISTRICT OF
CoLUMBIA-HoldinE Probate Court
Egsstsste Egss of Patrick MeNally. deceased. No
plication having been made herein for Gro.
bate of the last will and testament of said
DECEASED. anq for letters testamentary on
said estate. by John D. Fitzgerald. it, il
ordered this PATH DAY OF JUNE, A. D.
1880 that Francis McBennett John Nc
Bennett. Mrs. Eliso Azavedo. Francis
O'Neill Mary Ann O'NeilI Patrick Hughes
John Hughes. and all heirs at law and
next OF kin. OF Patrick McNally deceased
Saint Patricks Roman Catholic Church of
Carlisle. Cumberland County. Penna Mas
ter Sergeant James Broverman u S.
Army. retired. beneficiaries named in tes-
tameutaIy paper of Patrick McNallv. dated
April 27th 1927 filed in Office Of Regis.
ter of Wills. CAPTAIN Roland G. Bower
Quartermaster Corps o. 8. Army executor
named Ia said testameTltary paper OF April
:27 1927 and all others concerned appear
OF AUGUST A D. 1880. at 10 O'Clock
should not be granted. Let notice hereof
he published in the washington Law Re-
porter" and The washington Times once
N each of three successive weeks before
the return dav herein mentioned the first
publication to be not less than thirty days
before said return day JENNINGS
BAILEY Justice: fSeal.l Attest: THEO.
poRE CoGSwELL. REGISTER of wills fer
the District Of Columbia. Clerk Of the Pb6-
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
JAMES A. TOOMEY and JOHN J. WILSON,
Attorneys, 1918 Fifteenth Street N. W.

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT of
COLUMBIA, holding Probate Court No.
4o33l Administration This IL to Give
Notice That the subscribers of the Dis
trict of Columbia, have obtained from the
Probate Court Of the District of Columbia,
Letters of Collection on the estate OF
William H. Spelshouse, late of the District
of Columbia. deceased. All persons having
warned 10 exhibit the same. with the
vouchers thereof. legally authenticated. 10
the subscribers. on or before the gath day
of June, A. D.. 1881; otherwise they may
estate. Given under our hands this gath
day of June. 1880. JAMES A. TOoMEY
1918 18th st. N. W. John j. WILSON.
THEODORE COGSWELL. Register of Wills
for the District Of Columbia, Clerk Of the
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
DISTANT STATIONS

KYW-ChicaEo--1OaO
10:00-News; features.
10:30-Amos m Andy.
10:45-Dance music
WBBM-Chicago-77
1o:OO-C.B.s. network.
12:00-Dance program.
WENR-Chicago-S7O
10:00-Mike and Herman,
10:45-MB .C.-NationaI; news events.
11:00-Air vaudeville.
WGN-ChiCago-720-4
1o:0o-Tomorrow's Trib.; Hungry
Five
1o:3o-symphony orchestra; Gold
kettle Orchestra,
11:00-Dance music
-ChicagO-67O-447
10:o0-Dan and Sylvia; Water Boys.
1O:So-Amos m Andy; Concert Or
11:00-Dance Music g hrs.)
-Cincinnati-7OO-4
10:00-Bernte's Orchestra; Variety.
10:30-Amos n Andy.
1o:45-Floyd Gibbons.
11:o0-Chime Reveries.
12:00-Castle Farm.
12:30-Crosley Singers.
1:00-Gibson Orchestra.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

WBAL--BaItlmOre--
7:OO--N.B WIZ.
s:30--City Park Band
9:30-=Crush Dry Cronies.
10:O0-The Marylanders; Amos n
Andy.
WJZ-New YOFk-56O-304
6't5--Two Troupers; scores.
6:30--Phil Cook.
6;45-Polly's Adventures
7:00--Lopez Purol Concert.
7'30--Younger's Mountaineers
7:45-"Hoppin' Bells"
S:O0-Tek Music.
s:30-CahilloRues.
9:00-W Westinghouse Salute.
9:30-Crush Drq Cronies.
t0:00--Slumber music.
li:00-Wayne Kings Orchestra.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
NEARBY STATIONS

WRVA--RlchmOnd-
P. NJ.
6:00-N. E. .C.-WJZ.
6:30-Marshall Music.
7:O0-N.B 3. .C.-WJZ.
7:30-History of Old Virginia.
7:45-Songsters; Book Review.
S:30-N. 3. C.-WJZ and WEAF.
10:30-Pianist; Westwood Club Or
chestra.
WEAF-New YOrk-SSO-4S4
5:00-Dinner Music; Comedy Team.
5:45-Uncle Abe and David.
S:00-Soprano
S:15-Laws that Safeguard Society.
s:30-Soconyland Sketches.
7:00-Troika Bells.
7:30-Frontier Days.
a:00-Eveready Hour.
S:30-Harpy Wonder Bakers.
9:00--Enna Jettick Songbird.
a:15-Harmony Trio; pianist.
9:S0-RKO Hour
10;00-Golden Gems.
11;oo-Palais dor Orchestra.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
Legal Notices
RICHARD A. HARMAN. Attorney
Munsey Bldg,

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA--Holding Probate Court.
Estaie Of Robert White. deceased. No.
cation having been made herein for pro-
bate of the, last will and testament of
on said estate. by Georganna White. it is
ORDERED. this 9Th day of July, A. d.
1890, that George White. James White.
Charlie White. Robert White. Annie White,
Cora White and the unknown heirs of
Robert White, deceased and all others con-
cerned. appear in said court ON MONDAY,
1880. at 10 O'Clock A NJ. to show cause
why such application should not be
granted. Let notice hereof be published
in the "washingtonS Law Reporter" and The
Washington Times once in each of three
successive weeks before the return day
be moi, less than thirty days before said re-
turn day, JENNINGS BAILEY. Justice.
ISeal; Attest, THEODORE C0GSWELL.
lumbia. Clerk of the Probate Court
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
Commissioners Notices

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF
THE DISTRICT OF CoLuMBIA-NoHcs
the provisions of an item authortzlng
changes in the permanent system OF high.
vayS contained ip D. C. ,da APDEDDriatsIS9n 1nTd s9
rress), approved March 4th. 1918 a.
s@s9dse ass y AZ As b Ag5 sS
the Commissioners OF the District Of Co
umbia wiv give public hearing IN the
Board Room Of said Commissiouers on
all persons interested or owning land
within the territory affected by proposed
changes in the plan of said permanent
viz: 1. Property in the northwest sec,
ton located within the territory bounded
by Calvert Street on the north. Connecu.
on on the nS south. and and 18th Street on the
west. 2, Property in the northwest sec;
tion located within the territory bounded
Min Road on the east, Calvert Street on
the south. and Rock Creek on the west
;. Property in Tue southeast section
Portland Street and Nichols Avenue.
I. Property in the northwest section To-
Gated within the territory bounded by
Capitol street on the east, Rock Creek
Cemetery on the south and New Hamp.
shire Avenue on the west. 5. Property
in the southeast section along the line
third Street and irving Street. 6.
Property in the northeast section To-
Gated within the territory bounded by
upshur street on the north; Twelfth
on the southeast. Michigan Avenue on
the west. Z. !a) Property in the south
tory bounded by Savannah Street on
the north, Fifteenth Street on the east.
Southern Avenue on the southeast,
and Second Street on the west. 90
Property in the southeast section 10"
Gated within the territory bounded By
Atlantic Street on the north, Southern
Road on the west. (c) Property in the
southeast section located within the ter
ritory bounded by Atlantic Street on
the north EOUTth Street on ds,hsst thS east
SU and Giesboro Road on the west:
s. Property in the northeast section along
ths ia River live "a and Kenifworth @ Avenue. 8. 5a
Property in the southeast. section located
within the territory bopnded BY 3 Street
on d1'I the " south @ and Eighteenth Street On
!ecSn ss %si; eca,S wR 6s as
Street on 't6' the east. Frsnkford Street on the
Hunter Place and Fifteenth st.est on the
west. 10 Property in the northeast and
southeast eecIlOnB lOcdbeu WIsulH tHS teIia-
tory bounded by Blaine Street on the
north. Forthwith Street and Texas Ave-
nue. on the east. Barker Street on the south
and Minnesota Avenue on the north west.
Ill Property in the northwest section in
the vicinity of the intersection of Wiscon'
Road. Plans showing proposed changes in
the highway plan Of streets within the
in fhe office Of the Surveyor of the Dis.
trict of Columbia. room A05. District Build;
ing and may be examined by interested
parties during business hours prior 10 the
hearing, Such plans will also be dis4
played at the hearing. and the Commits
tests concerning the proposed changes as
shown on above mentioned plans. j. II.
REICHEL LDERFER. W. b.. LADUE. II II.
CROSBY Commissioners of the District Of
Columbia
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
Legal Notices
street n, W., and JOSEPH BLUMEN.
THAI. 1914 D Street N. W..
AttoFneya

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA, holding Probate Court. No.
40O4O, Administration This IL 10 give
notice: That the subscribers. of the Dis
trict of Columbia. have obtained from the
Probate Court of the District of Columbia.
letters of Administration. eta, on the
estate of Gladys Stern nee FliegelmAn. late
Of the District Of Columbia. deceased. All
are hereby warned to exhibit the same.
with the vouchers thereof. legally authen-
ticated. 10 the subscribers on or before the
23rd day Of June, A. d. 1881; otherwise
they may by law be excluded from all
benefit OF said estate. Given under our
hands this 23rd day OF June. 1880 Jo-
ALVIN Z. NEWMYER, 1901 18th st, N. w.
(seaDs Attest: THEODORE COGSWEI.L.
Register of Wills for the District of Co
lumbia Clerk of the Probate Court.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
RADIO PROGRAMS
On With the Dance

4i3O p. m.-Tea Timers (wRC).
$3.50 p. n.-Rice's Or h estra
(WMAL).
II D. m.-Le PaFRdis Orchestra
(WMAL); Park Central Orchestra
(WRC).
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
BUSINESS SemHoe DIRECTORY

Arranged alphabetically for convenience in filling
your wants quickly Phone mail inquiries recsfVs
prompt attention CONSULT THIS DIRECTORY
The Washington times., 1930-07-15
Business Opportunities so

Earn So 600 to $4,000 annually: direct
factory representative; products success
fully sold for nine wears to a broad market:
make big money right from start exclusive
territory: repeat business: initial merchan.
disc investment of 5000 returned over
200 y In cash and free merchandise Write.
giving phone number. Address Box II.
aRAS1s1AlA
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

COLLEGE MEN-TWO.
For summer work See Mr.. SPRINGER.
for details, Room GIL, 1919 F st. N. w.
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

WI IN
with retail sales experience; must be neat
and willing to work: local man desired.
Apply Room $40. 1919 F st. N. W.. 8 80
to IL 40 Tuesday
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

PoS.SsSEss ss sSR SS'1 aS.s Ss s :9 iss SiH:sa ssa
The Washington times., 1930-07-15

COLORED POSITIONS
For hotels, apartment houses. restaurants,
stores. garages. etc.. secured through the
Wash. Business Bureau,
Washington's I.arges' Commercial Agency.
227-22S Bond Bldg. 14th and N. Y. Ave.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1930-03-07
FIND MECHANICAL
MIXER CUTS COSTS

Tests completed at the Iowa State
Agricultural college showed a saving
of so per cent in time and 25 per cent
in costs by milking cows through the
use of a mechanical system, reports
the De Laval Bureau Of Dairying.
The experiments were conducted to
determine the labor economy and any
reduction in costs that might come
through the use of the milking ma
chine as compared with the common
practice of milking by hand. The OBJ
lection frequently heard that the say.
ing in time achieved by mechanical
milking is more than offset by the
extra labor involved in washing the
utensils was shown to have no basis.
1t was found that with. the machine
the entire milking job. including the
necessary cleaning of the mechanical
equipment, could be done in half the
time required by hand. 1t was also
shown that the saving in labor cost
more than offset the cost of the milk
er. Not only did the milking machine
save time and lower the cost of the
milking operation, but it also removed
a great deal of the drudgery of milk
ing.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1930-03-07
Many Republics Before
That of United States

Probably the first government which
can be considered republican in form
was the ancient Israelitish common
wealth or republic. which lasted from
about 1891 B. G. to 1895 B. G. About
three centuries after this the Greek
states, Of which Athens was chief, set
up what gradually came to be demo-
cratic republics. Ancient Carthage
and Rome were for a short period re-
publics. During the Middle ages
many Of the free cities of Italy and
Germany set up republics. San
Marine in Italy is now the Oldest ex-
listing republic, while Switzerland has
existed as a republic since 1891. Ac-
cording to an article in the American
Cyclopedia. the degree of popular soy.
ereignty in republics has varied very
widely in the past, most Of the so
called republics having been ruled by
an aristocracy which jealousy guard
ed its own rights but treated the null
titude as little better than slaves.
"Real republican government may be
said to date from the American Dec
laration of Independence. and even in
the United States the government was
largely one Of class until about the
second quarter of the Nineteenth CEN
fury, when suffrage barriers began to
break down."