davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

/ favorable locations. River and Greet
valleys were sought out for ranch cen
tiers and water holes were considered
as important as the cattle. Within the
course of two or three years FOLLOWING
the memorable experience with the
abandoned oxen it is estimated that a
half million head of cattle were graz
ing in the then Custer county, which
included all of southeastern Montana
From individual activities, the in
dustry moved into new circles of cor
poration ownership. Large companies
were organized for the purpose Of ex-
plotting the raising of cattle on free
food furnished by nature the whole
year through.
1t is not to be considered that every
venture was a success or that every
steer turned out to forage for himself
survived the long, cold and hard win
tiers that followed. The dictum that
only the fittest will survive held good
in the cattle industry as in other ave-
nues of human endeavor. Weaklings
among the stock held to be carried
through the cold months often died in
an attempt to follow the stronger in
the pace set to rustic forage.
First Losses Light
The range was fully opened. Miles
City smiled under the influx of a new
class of citizens. Men and women came
from as far as the New England states.
They invested their money in the cat
tie business. Corporations, as we'll as
individuals, inexperienced in the in
dustry, employed ranch foremen, select
ing their "top-hands" from the avail
able supply of cowboys who came up
from the southwest. Many of them
were Adventures. Physical prowess
and the liberal use of a flowing
tongue" brought many to top-hand
positions. Instances are revealed where
the reports on losses of cattle showed
them to be practically negligible, prob
ably n or two per cent 1t became
a well known fact, established from ex-
perience, that losses might we'll ap-
proximate 10 per cent annually and
opportunity still remain for profitable
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25
q
j

He also advised thinking out the story"
before starting to work and admitted
that to visualize a large canvas was
slow business for him.
He also gave definite instruction for
preparing a mechanical arrangement
which might model the scene and show
accurate lighting.
Another thing which might seem odd
to the average person was the fact
that he advised painting figures first,
because he found it easier to make al
.terations that way, and he did not
have to paint out background.
He completed his advice and instruc-
ton with the admission that he often
had to draw individual figures over
and over until they conformed to the
idea he had IN mind.
Commentator for Work
And so We find people Of note accept
ing and using his bit of art instruction,
yet to Russell it seemed no more graft
tying than to have q friend who had
lived the scenes look with untutored
eyes through a cloud Of tobacco smoke
at one of his "drawin's' and say, Amt
that good?"
No better drawing went into the
course of instruction than often
adorned the log walls OF the most
common ranch house. bunk house or
saloon. To the average person this
might seem strange but to those who
understand. it means that commercial
ism had not tainted his soul, that love
for publicity had not eaten into his
work of interpreting the life about
him, that he was big enough to do the
thing worth while no matter who &C
cepted or rejected it and that he was
keeping his talent which was of God,
free from such influences.
His personal life was a thing apart.
He was not interested in playing up
to public opinion. Perhaps his art
had taught him how really small all
this wa in comparison to the things
he felt inspired to do.
Saw Weakness of Whites
His Interpretation of the early day
Indian who lived very near to nature
may have done much to reveal to him
a great weakness existing among
white people. Our love of material
things, the applause of the world, no.
torlety and fame at any price does
not fit in we'll with realistic art, nor
did it find a place in a land where
practically no law existed save the
code of the old west often backed by
the quick manipulation of a forty-five.
Some of his closest friends were not
aware of the fact that he had served
as an instructor in his profession, yet
his offering in this respect is at the
present time being studied in America,
in Europe, and even in far Oft
Australia.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

emerged a few months later in a physi-
cal condition foreign to the work OK,
for they were fat and inclined to be
frisky in their movements.
The story of the experience of the
oxen spread. The safety of the winter
ranging of cattle became established
from the experience. The incident
served as a signal to all and sundry
that the range wa open throughout
the year and the race for preferment
on the part of the later cattle barons
was on.
1t is a singular observation that the
early ranges of eastern Montana pro-
duced no original Montana cowboys,
as the membership of the range fra
ternity is known. When the oppor-
tunity was recognized for profitable
ventures in the cattle raising business
and the range prospects and POSSIBLE
ties were more firmly established. speci-
mems of the cowboy began to drop in
from the southwest. Texas contributed
the major share of the range riders
who accompanied the herds that were
driven north over the Chisholm trail,
thence through the sand dunes of west
ern Nebraska to the routes that lay
west of the Black hills region where
the military roads and the Bozeman
trail led to the new grazing lands of
the northwest. New wealth poured
into eastern Montana.
Miles City Profits
BY reason OF its location, Miles City
became the center of a new industry.
cowmen of the southwest
came in with their herds and estab-
llshed their headquarters in the city.
were made of the rich range
that lay outside and supplemental
headquarters were set up in favorable
locations which became the nucleus
of ranch management. At the same
eastern capitalists who had backed
cattle raising outfits in the southwest
began to turn their attention to the
possibilities of the new northwest and
interested themselves in ventures by
taking "long chances" They fell over
each other in their rush to get in on
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

UNLESS you see the name Bayer
and the word genuine on the package
as pictured above you can never be
sure that you are taking the genuine
Bayer Aspirin that thousands Of
physicians prescribe in their daily
practice.
The name Bayer means genuine
Aspirin. 1t is your guarantee Of
purity-your protection against i'm
itations. Millions of users have
proved hat it is safe.
Genuine Bayer Aspirin promptly
relieves:
Headaches Neuritis
Colds Neuralgia
Sore Throat Lumbago
Rheumatism Toothache
No harmful after-efects follow its
use. 1t does not depress the heart.
Aspirin is the trademark of Bayer
manufacture of monoaccticacidester
Of salicylicacid.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

luXuriantly. But if the rains did not
follow in the semi-arid regions, the
continued smile of Old Sol would dry
up the grasses and make feed insufi-
cient to sustain a herd of cattle with
vOracious appetiteS. Furthermore, the
%"pickings" would be too short on the
stem. These conditions suggested sheep.
Soon after these animals we're in
PRODUCED into western Montana, they
found their way to the feeding grounds
of eastern sections of the territory.
Here, also, the same dangers of win
ter losses, often augmented by attacks
of predatory animals and the thefts of
marauding and laWless bands of Indi-
ans still rowing the plains in hopes
of a new leader who would restore to
them their ancient domain, were pres
ent. There also arose the element of
animosity. The cattleman resented the
appearance of the sheepman. Incl
dental stock wars arose here and there,
but in the end, like the lion and the
lamb, both deemed it wise and proper
to bury their hatchets and cooperate
through the gradual adoption of mutual
understandings as to the use of the
free range.
Out of the crucible of open range
contacts, has come the larger accept
ance OF the open range until in the
present era there has come the more
firmly established conditions OF both
corporation and individual manage
ment on a strictly business basis. Long
grass regions are occupied by the cat
tlemen, while in the short grass Sec
tons the sheepmen range their hold
ings. Sun-cured grass still produces
the excellent, finished product. The
livestock industry is as firmly estab-
lished on the plains of the eastern
part of the state as the mining in
dustry is in the western portion of the
commonwealth.
No Big Outfits
The larger outfit of four or five dec
AIDES ago is succeeded today by the
smaller with no diminution in the
number of head grazed on the same
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

investment in the cattle business. The
hard winter of 1886-1887 saved many
a reputation, but the actual losses sus-
tanned and never reported were learned
from the car-loadings from single
ranches. The net result was that after
four or five years of confidence ex-
ercised in the self -sustaining, open
range, many of the cattle outfits were
faced with the necessity of withdraw
ing from the business, or reducing
their operations to the basis of person
al management over a lesser number
OF cattle. The hard winter of 1886
1887 wiped out" many corporation
and individual enterprises.
The fact of the opening of the range
in southeastern Montana was not the
fultillment of the anticipation that a
cattle Utopia had been discovered. Ex-
perience and observation taught that
he who would survive and succeed was
the man, generally the "nester," who
followed in the wake of the larger
operators and learned the business"
When the Wlplng out process was COM
pleted in the spring and summer of
1887, these 'nesters' remained on the
ground with their small herds and be-
came the foundations upon which later
the larger and more experienced and
successful cattle outfits were built.
Then Sheep Came
Subsequently it was not considered
that the open range so auspiciously
revealed was intended exclusively for
cattle. Winter, it was discovered, had
its cold moods, and frequently the
spring season had its freaks in the way
of a varied exhibition of nature. Some
times the accumulation of snow would
melt quickly and the grasses grew
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

ence Of a full garrison at Fort Keogh
was sufficient to keep the citizens en-
ployed in barter and trade. Passing
steamers or the Yellowstone river un-
loaded freight consigned to the mer-
chants. When the water was low the
overland freight outfits and stages
transported merchandise from Bis
marck by way Of Fort Buford. What
would happen when the rapidly APP
preaching lines of the Northern Pa
cific railroad reached Miles City was
largely a matter of rather idle con-
lecture. The concern, if any, exercised,
was dissipated by an incident that
changed the commercial complexion of
Miles City from that of a military
town to the center of a great cow do
main.
SnoWbound in the winter of $780,
1881, an outfit belonging to the "Dia-
mOnd r." an overland transportation
organization, abandoned its wagons
and turned the bulls, the motive power,
loose to rustic for themselves. This
outfit was en- route from Fort Buford
to Fort Custer carrying government
stores for delivery to the latter fort.
The b~ullWhackers, unable to extricate
cAAClAloCltCo 1IOll UllC lllCulllt til
countered in the way of impossible
trail conditions, gave up the effort
and moved on to the Grow reservation,
which was not far distant. The oxen
were not in good flesh. They had lost
weight due to the hard work which was
their lot when attached to the going
end of the outfit. They were con-
sidered unfit for salvage as beasts of
burden and it was fully expected that
death on the snoW-covered plains
would be their reward. They were
hardly able to stand up, but succeeded
in ambling off to new-found freedom
from service.
Are Left to Die
In the minds of the Whackers the
exodus was not to verdant fields where
rich grasses abounded, but into the
valley of death. In fact, the abandon
ment was more in the nature of an
order to the animals to go off some
where and die. Snow lay on the ground
from two to three feet deep. There
was not the slightest chance that the
oxen could long survive. There was
nothing in sight but sagebrush and
g~reaseWood.
The instinct Of self-preservation is
as strong in an animal as it is in the
human. Perhaps it is stronger in the
former. The whackers proceeded to
save themselves by going on to shelter.
The oxen moved out into the open in
their new freedom to defy the wintry
elements. But few of the more than
60 oxen succumbed. The remainder
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

Few people i'm Montana know hat
Charlie Russell was once identified
with art by way of acting as advisor
and instructor for an art school.
In looking over a list of faculty
and advisory members for Il mid
west school of instruction, we find
the names of Herbert Johnson, Ney-
sa MeMein, Sidney Smith, Clare
Briggs, Charles Livingston Bull, Nor
man Rockwell. Charles NJ. Russell
and others equally well known.
Russell, after visiting the school, ex-
pressed a willingness to do anything he
could by way of cooperation as he
felt, he said, the school is going tC
do good to a lot of people"
And so we find in a certain division
of the course a lesson on construction
by Charles M. Russell.
Russell went about his teaching just
like he did everything else. He made
no effort to impress one with how very
wonderful he was. He stated very
simply how he drew pictures, and let
it go at that. There was no rehash
of pet phrases. There was no criticism
VI OlllCl lllCtiiOOo- 4llClC Ia, llONSF1l,
in the account of how he got at it," an
interesting story.
1t seems that his sister enjoyed MAX
ing wax flowers. This was a favorite
pastime for many young girls during
the seventies and eighties SO there
might be nothing interesting in that,
were it not for the fact that in trying
to explain the usefulness of models in
determining lighting effects, Russell re-
lates how he had always modelled little
figures of horses and that he stole the
wax from his sister when she was max
ing flowers and that he made the
and tails from wisps of hair
which he removed from a paint brush.
Advice to Artists
His advice to artists in the making
is this:
Just as a mar car describe in writ
ten language the things he has often
seen and the acts in which he himself
has taken part, SO the artist can best
depict that which is familiar"
And SO he impressed upon his stu
dents the fact that an artist must feel
the action he paints and that he will
feel the action naturally if he has ex-
perienced it himself.
He stressed the need of sketching and
accurately determining the exact ma
ture OF the picture before starting the
actual work of painting.
He told how he did not attempt a
final composition until he was salts
fed with the preliminary drawing.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

plains. The difference lies only in the
number of owners
The abandonment of the oxen by the
Diamond r" outfit in the winter of
1880-1881 brought about the discovery,
in an informal way, of the open range
in southeastern Montana. 1t does not
follow that if the trail had been ne
gotiated to Fort Custer that it would
still remain undiscovered. 1t would
only have been delayed, possibly a
year or two.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

The larger outfit of four or five dec
AIDES ago is succeeded today by the
smaller with no diminution in the
number Of head grazed on the same
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25
Make dresses
bright as new!

DIAMOND DYES are easy to use;
go on smoothly and evenly; make
dresses, drapes, lingerie look NEW.
Never a trace of that re-dyed look
when Diamond Dyes are used. Just
true, even, new colors that hold their
W through the hardest veal and
washing.
Diamond Dyes owe their superiority
to the abundance of pure anilines they
contain. Cost more to make? Surely.
But you pay no more for them. All
dealers-15c.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

(By mon TANA LOU" GRILL
CASUAL travellers passing through
southeastern Montana in the sum-
~ mer of 1880 were impressed with a
growing emptiness spreading over
the open country. Thousands of buffa-
10 were being slaughtered for their
hides. The gradual disappearance of
these animals raised the natural in
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

curry as TO what
would follow in
the way of n
movement to bring
about a profitable
occupancy OF the
vast %unoccupied
territory. Miles
City, fifty years
ago, was a COM
munity annex to
a military estab-
lishment and gave
no particu
thought to what
lay outside and
beyond its bound
-. FIN
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25
RUSSELL WAS ART
SCHOOL DIRECTOR
MONTANA ARTIST LISTED AS ART
SCHOOL INSTRUCTOR IN
MIDWEST COLLEGE

Great Falls Cowboy Artist" Was Rec
oenized As Outstanding Painter of
Western Scenery By Art Critics In
Both United States and Europe.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

Rains of the last few weeks have
improved conditions on the range.
While movements of livestock to the
markets continue. reports are that
shipments are not above normal times.
Livestock is reported in good condition.
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1930-09-25

pepper, n egg and a few drops of
oinon juice. Mix thoroughly, mold in
a pan and bake one hour, keeping it
covered the first half hour of the time.
Basic with melted butter. Serve hot
or cold.
The Washington times., 1930-06-18
Alexandria CLubnaen
Will Hold Smoker

ALEXANDRIA, Va, June 18.
The first of the series of events
scheduled as part of the 5Oth an
niversary celebration Of the Old
Dominion Boat Club will be held
Monday night with q smoker at
the club house. It will be fea-
tured by an exhibition boxing
bout between Billy Schwartz, a
member of the club, and Walter
McFeeley, former member of the
Georgetown University boxing
team.
The smoker will be followed
by the Founders Day banquet on
the night Of July II when all of
the chapter members of the club
will be the guests of the active
members,
The Washington times., 1930-06-18
Hoover Promises Full
Support for Morrow

e. President Hoover has every
confidence" that Dwight w. Nor
row, Ambassador to Mexico, whose
plurality for the Republican serlas
torial nomination in New Jersey
IS 25O,000 over Representative
Franklin w, Fort, his nearest
competitor, viii be the next
United States Senator.
The White House statement
read:
"The White House will give
every possible support to the
e Republican nominee in New
Jersey, and the President and
the Administration has every
confidence that MIR. Morrow
will be the next United States
Senator"
Morrow's slashing victory in
the Jersey Republican primary
makes him, a Presidential posi-
bility, Representation Schafer tR.)
of Wisconsin, one of the militant
wet leaders of the House, de-
clated today. He added:
AOf course, i'm the future a
man Of his caliber and straight
.forwardnesS who handles the
highly important prohibition
question in . courageous man
ner, may be presidential pos
SibiIity."
The Washington times., 1930-06-18
SMITH GETS 70
OT|E COTTON
AND JONES
Two Americans and a Briton
Equal Golf Course Record
In Journeys First Round
(continusd = From PaE. y.

Continued From Page y
in the wings of brides he cap
tured coming in for a "a. Jones
card:
IN H1s ...... ::...... sSsttsss Iss-7o
Macdonald Smiths golf, going
out, was even more nlachine-like
than that of Jones. He did not
make a single mistake on the out
ward course, arriving at the turn
with a card of three under
straight as, and with two brides
under his belt. Smiths card:
na' In ...... '..'..': ts4ss5s / Sss-7o
Cotton'S card follows;
fS Gu' $500. :: tsssStstt $40
Moe Burns Up Course
Going to the turn in 80, Moe
fairly burned up the course on
his homeward trek with a tight
35, one stroke under straight as.
Noes card:
Out .-....s. 3BS3S $50
In .......... 44434 s44 S-Ss-7A
George Won Elm, after a devas-
tating show Of temperament and
wild shooting on the outward
course. came home in an ordi-
nary SO, for an obese total of 81
for the round. He had no fur
ther run-ins with his tempera-
n1ent coming home, but his play
was just ordinary. Won Elm's
card:
Out ......... .ggB2s4s SIS
In .......... 44346 ass 4-Ss-sl
Leo Diegel reached the turn in
81, one stroke over Jones' figure
and came home in the same mum.
ber Of strokes. Diegel's card:
Out .....455 53S5s4 ar
In .......... 344355 554 4-s7-7t
Percy Alliss. British pro at the
Berlin Country Club, carded a rs,
Ernest Whiteombe 80 and George
Gadd 78.
Horton Smith, following Diegel
out, reached the turn in 81 and
came in with IS. Smiths card:
Out ........ 54s2t444 4-37
In .......... "a S44 4-35-73
The Washington times., 1930-06-18
PUBLIC TO GET 7
TREATY DATA
international Photo

The public may read some Of
the secret papers and correspond
ence Of the State Department
which was exchanged with for
eign governments in laying the
groundwork for the London Naval
Treaty, it was learned today.
Part Of the data was submitted
to the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee considering the treaty,
and Senator Borah (R.) Of Idaho,
committee chairman. indicated
he would confer with Secretary
StimSon and probably make some
Of the matter public.
Refusal of the department to
submit additional similar data,
even to the committee, resulted
in a definite breach between
some committee members and
the Administration, but efforts to
block committee action on the
treaty until and unless the data
was turned over to it by Stimson
were, unsuccessful. The commit
tee voted down a move by treaty
opponents for this course of &C
ton IS to 4 today.
The treaty will meet its first
official test next Monday, when
the committee has agreed to
vote on it. Meanwhile considera-
tion will continue, although no
discussion Of the pact was ex-
pected in the weekly meeting OF
the body today.