davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
Rules Announced for
Sunshine Girl Contest

Joints getting first prize, winner of the
second highest number of points getting
the second prize. ct cetera. Points will be
the most applause at each individual per-
Torrance will be given five points: winner
of the second greatest amount will be given
four points; winner of third greatest
amount three points; winner of fourth
greatest amount, two points; and win
ner of the fifth. one point. Points will
be scored and totalled after each per-
Torrance the winners of the highest totals
at the end of the weeks final perform
ance being given respective awards. Posi-
ton of contestants will be alternated each
performance to assure fairness at all
times. Each contestant must confine her
performance to not more than one minute
and one-half.
9. All entrance blanks for the prelimi-
nary must be in the mail by 10 o'clock
the night Of Monday, Feb. 8. These must
be addressed to Sunshine Girl Contest, In
diana Theater building"
10. All entrants to the first preliminary
must be at the theater (stage door en-
trance by 10 O'Clock the night OF Feb. 5th,
music. if music is needed. Accompaniment.
when wanted. will be supplied by members
of the Charlie Davis orchestra.
II. Amateur performers of every kind
are eligible That is. singers. dancers.
monologistS. pianists. players Of all in
struments etc,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
RENT new QUARTERS
Stoker Firm Leases Rooms
for Feb. | Occupancy.

The Fire-King Stoker Company
manufacturers of automatic coal
burners since 1926, has leased dis
play and Office rooms at Capitol ave-
nue. and Maryland street, and will
occupy the new rooms about Feb. l..
Sales of the company increased
200 per cent in 1929 over 1928, &C
cording to T. HopeWell, general
manager.
An enlarged plant with modern
assembly rooms for the stokers has
been completed by the Sinker-Davis
Company, manufacturers of mate
rails for the Fire King Company.
The Fire-King Company recently
purchased patents, patterns and
manufacturing rights of the under
feed division Of the Dayton Stoker
Company. Officers Of the Fire-King
Company are. H. M. Angel, presi-
dent; F. r: Kimmell, vice-president;
V. w. Potts, secretary treasurer; j..
H. Hooker and Clair McThurnan, di-
rectors.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
SMASH CHICAGO
jewel RING IN
SWEEPING RAIDS
States Attorney, Officer
Taken in Gold Coast
Gang Roundup.
BIZ United Press

BU OHiIB0 PFeSS
CHICAGO, Jan. u. - Three
months Of wire tapping by police
in an effort too solve a chain of
Gold Coast jewel robberies resulted
early today in wholesale raids and
roundup of thirty persons, includ-
ing an assistant states attorney, a
policeman and several women.
The assistant states attorney, an
aid of John A. Swanson, who was
elected to the states attorueyship
on a reform platform, was Harry
J. Bush, and the policeman, John
Lagatutti. Bush still was being ques-
toned at the detective bureau early
today by Patrick Roche, chief in
vestigator for Swanson, and Police
Commissioner John Siege. Laga-
tutti was released later.
The others, Siege and Roche said,
are members of a jewel robbery ring
that has preyed on wealthy Chica-
goans for several months.
Two automobiles with shotgun
compartments hidden by Upper COW
ers, the latest in gangland camou-
flage, and several shotguns and pis-
tolls were. seized in the raids.
Siege said police tapped wires and
discovered the movements Of the
gang and then swooped down when
all we're placed stragetically.
First clews that led to the raids
were found shortly after the gold
coast home of Charles Richter,
magazine publisher, was held up
recently and SOS, 1000 in jewels taken.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
ORGANIZED RING
OF SKOPLIFTERS
THOUGHT Barred
Four Held, Others Sought
by Cops After Raid
on Apartment.

Two men and two women are I'M
der arrest and others are sought
in a probe of an alleged shoplift-
ing ring here.
A Stutz roadster, reported stolen
at Indianapolis one hour after it
was found abandoned in a down
town parking space in Anderson
Saturday night is held by police
there.
Meanwhile, Indianapolis police
arrested Fred Farber and Carl War;
willer here Sunday at Apt. ?, at,
I'LL College avenue, and held them
on vagrancy charges under high
bond for investigation.
Early today Mrs. Bessie Kippircn,
30, and Irene Ball, 25, of $50 North
Meridian street, we're arrested on
Vagrancy charges and are held
under high bond in connection with
the case.
In the College avenue apartment,
police confscated quantity of new
merchandise, including eight pairs
Of kid gloves, four dresses and pa
jamaS and also seized .45-caliber
revolver and a rifle.
Three girls visited Anderson stores
Saturday night and stole q quantity
of expensive merchandise, police
were told. The White House, j. G.
Penny and Rapp stores were visited.
The women were in the Banner
store when a clerk, suspicious, no.
titled police. The women diSap~
peared before police arrived.
The car was found near one of the
stores and in it, police alleged, were
seven valuable dresses, fifteen pairs
of silk hose, six pairs of leather
gloves, silk handkerchiefs, robes,
baby blankets, book ends and table
lamps.
Two title cards were found in the
car, according to police, one issued
to Helen Sullivan Of North Meri-
dian street in 1929 and another to
Helen Bellman in 1890 The loot
in the car was identified, officers
said. So
Goods seized in the apartment are
believed by police to have been
taken from the H. P. WATSON e. Co.
store.
The car was not reported stolen
to Indianapolis police until an hour
after it had been found at Ander-
son.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
ERROR Bullet
NEARLY FATAL.
Stanley Forsythe Believed
Mistaken for Brother.

Mistaken for his brother, a
Kroger store manager, Stanley r.
Forsythe, 26, of 5159 Baltimore
avenue, is believed to have been the
target for holdup man armed with
rifle at midnight Saturday.
After Forsythe alighted from a
bus at Baltimore and Fifty-Second
streets, the rifle was fired and the
bullet narrowly missed ForSythes
head, lodging in a house wall near
by. Forsythe believes the bandit
was hiding to hold up his brother,
James Forsythe, Kroger. store man
ager, believing the brother would be
carrying company funds.
Delman Wright, Is, of 216 North
Blackford street, Brown taxi driver,
was slugged on the head with a
whisky bottle by two men who en-
gagged his cab for a ride with girl.
When the girl left the cab the men
ordered Wright to drive to Iowa and
Singleton streets, where they at
tackled him.
He fought back and suffered a
badly cut head from the blow with
the whisky bottle. The men fled
without robhing him. He was taken
TO city hospital.
An automatic rife, shotgun,
shells, chisels and tools were found
in a. stolen car at 524 Massachusetts
avenue Sunday night and Jack
Miller, Is, and Fred Miller, Is, Of
st. Louis, are held on vagrancy
charges under high bonds.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
COPS KILLING PUZZLE
Different Stories by Three
Suspects Cloud Case.

BIZ United Press
JACKSONVILLE, Fla, Jan. 81
Confession, tacit admission and
silence, respectively, characterized
today tie attitudes of three Con-
necticut convicts here charged with
the murder of Detective Willie d.
Smith of Jacksonville, a week ago
last Friday.
Leo Landry, convicted robber, ad-
mitted that he was with Watson
Moulthrope, robber, and Roland La
lone, convicted murderer, when they
allegedly shot fatally Smith and Sc
verely wounded Detective Willie
Jones.
Moulthrope, arrested with Lalone
at Pensacola Friday, said on his re-
turn here Sunday, IF I tell you
what happened on the night of that
murder 1 might as well tell you to
turn on the juice"
Confronted with Landry'S confess
Sion-which implicated him as he
one who wounded Detective Jones
Lalone shrugged his shoulders and
replied, That's his story"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
S0LVENCY IS CLAIMED
Receiver Reports Firms Assets
Greatly Exceed Liabilities.

Solvency of the brokerage firm Of
Roberts & Hall, of Cincinnati. and
Indianapolis, at the time a receiver
ship was asked, is show MIN pre-
liminary audit of the records and
accounts submitted to the common
pleas court in Cincinnati by the re-
ceiver, Charles P. Hunt.
The audit showed total assets as
Of Dec. 80 of s5.7e4, $500, or 81, s.
618.69 more than the liabilities.
Listed in the assets, however, is
1887 1882 due the firm from GUS
toners in excess of collateral.
Many of the persons listed are Of
ample meansand offers of settle
ment have been made, the receiver
statew.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
3 HELD after
STORE H0LDUP
City Man Held as Suspect
in ST 900 Robbery.
BIZ United Press

BIZ United Press
BEDFORD, Ind, Jan. 27.-Three
men were held in Lawrence county
Jail today. believed by authorities
to have robbed the Poss Taylor store
at Oolitic last week of $1,000 in cash
and merchandise.
The men, Fred Brown, IS, 621
North Delaware street, Indianap-
oils; Fred Wilson, 30, and Charles
Wilson, %, both of Oolitic, were
taken for questioning after Fred
Wilson had bought merchandise
paying for it with $410 in gold and
currency. The money was identified
as coming from the Taylor store,
officers said.
The three men have been together
most of the time since the robbery,
it was said.
Brown was driving an auto be-
Iieved to have been stolen from Will
liam G. Worrel, 1862 West Thirty
third street, Indianapolis. He is
charged with violation of the motor
vehicle and drivers license laws.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
MONTH SHOWS GOOD
GAIN IN CONSTRUCTION
Permits Granted So Far Are Higher
Then Previous Period.

BB United Press
WASHINGTON, Jan. OF. - Con-
struction contracts in January have
averaged nearly $15,000000 each
business day, substantial increase
over the previous month when con-
tracts awarded were 81 per cent I'M
der the four-year average, the COM
merce department announced today.
In the period from Jan. to II,
contracts awarded totaled 5000, $780,
900, the department said on the
basis of information compiled by
the F. w. Dodge Corporation for
thirty-seven states. The daily av-
erage this year thus far is about
l per cent less than for the CORE
spending period last year, and 10
per cent less than the four-year av-
erage,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
STRANGE MINERAL IS
BELIEVED METE0RITE
Crystalline Structure, However, Is
Strangest on Record.


BIZ United Press
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. GA
strange mineral fragment, which is
said to have fallen as a meteoritc
at Beaumont, Tex, Feb. "a, 1929, is
in the possession of Professor
Charles P. Oliver Of the University
of Pennsylvania, president Of the
American Meteor Society.
The professor explained that the
purported meteor is dissimilar to
any previously found and is similar
to a diamond, being clear and of
crystalline structure.
1t is because of this dissimilarity
that Professor Oliver is not definite
ly assured that the stone in his
possession is the meteorite. He ex-
planned that while he had good faith
in the finder, it is conceivable that
the finder missed the real meteorite
and picked up some terrestrial
crystal by mistake.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
WATSON SNUBS
ROBINSON MOVE
ON u. S. OFFICE
Rejects Compromise Offer
on Miss Cunningham'S
Appointment.
BY BEN STERN

Attempts of Senator Arthur r.
Robinson to effect such a compro-
mise with Senator James E. Watson
that one of the formers protegeS
will receive the post of internal
revenue collector in Indiana have
been rebuffed, it was learned au-
thoritatively today.
Robinson is said to have proposed
TO Watson that George M. Poland
Of Lake county, customs collector
here, be promoted to internal reve-
nue. collector, and that Miss Doro-
thy Cunningham, Republican ma
tional committeeman from Indi-
ana, and the Watson choice for
revenue collector be appointed to
Foland'S place.
Watson Immediately rejected the
proposal and declared he would con-
tinue to support Miss Cunningham
for the revenue collectors post, it
was reported.
Hoped to Pay Debt
Through the nomination Of Fo-
land for the post, which pays $4,000
annually, in comparison with $4,000
for the customs collectorship, Rob-
inson hoped to pay long standing
debt to Poland and also have in that
important position close friend
and adherent.
Poland, who was Tenth district
chairman and Lake county auditor
for eight years, was the Robinson
choice for G.. O. P. state chairman
in the fall of 1927 when Clyde Walb
resigned after being indicted and
sentenced to the federal peniten-
tiary.
Poland, however, was vanquished
by Fac Kitzelman of Muncie. Then
Robinson brought Poland forward
again for the state Craftsmanship in
May, 1923, when the state commit
tee was reorganized.
Pro-Watson district chairmen,
however, controlled the reorganiza-
ton and elected Eliza Rogers of
Lebanon.
Miss Cunningham is said to have
the Endorsement of President Hoo
yer.
Discord Serious
Robinson's explanation that he is
opposed to Miss Cunningham be-
cause her brother, Fred Cunning
ham Of indianapolis, voted for
Arthur l.. Gilliom in the 1928 sena-
torial primary has been received
with i'll favor and resulted in an
intensified campaign for Miss Cum
bingham.
Watson is pledged to her and will
lose much prestige if he fails to
obtain her appointment, it is point
ed out
The organization discord is SO
serious that M. Bert Thurman, In
diana G. o. P. national committee
man, left for Washington Saturday
to confer with both senators.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
AUXILIARY HEADS OF
LEGION END SESSION
AmericanizatiOn and Community
Service Programs Talked.

AUGMENTATION and Community
Service Programs Talked.
Discussions of AmericaniZation
and community service program for
1880 occupied the attention of the
national executive committee of the
American Legion auxiliary at the
closing session of two-day con-
ference in the Legion headquarters
here today.
Mrs Frank B. Emery, Williams
port, Pa, reported for the national
Americanis=n committee, and Mrs.
Hugh Clark, SteubenvillIe, O., read
the report of the national constitu-
ton and bylaws committee.
Representatives from every state
in the Union and Hawaii, Alaska
and Panama were present. Upon
adjournment officers and commit
tee members left for Washington to
attend the women's patriotic confer
ence on national defense, Jan. 90, 30
and 81.
Pacifists who do not favor ade-
quate national defense weer assailed
by Colonel C. B. Robbins, former
assistant secretary of war, in an adj
dress before the executive committee
Sunday.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
COUNTY COUNCIL TO
APPROPRIATE FUNDS
Opens TwO-Day Session to Consider
Action on Budgets.

Marion county council today
opened two-day session to con-
slider replacing $40, 500 in the 1880
budgets of county officers and to ap-
propriate $1,000 operating expenses
for county institutions.
Personnel of the offices of county
clerk, treasurer, sheriff and each of
nine county courts will be affected
by the councils action on the allow
ance of salary boosts for several en-
ployes.
Council at previous meetings has
refused to allow the pay increases.
and its action has been considered
punishment" for employees fail
ure to Zine up" politically. Ma
jority faction of the council is con-
trolled by George V. Coffin, former
city and district Republican chair
man.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
Suicide Is ATTEMPTED

Out of employment, Mrs. Floyd
Heady, 20, 2245 Parker avenue, this
afternoon swallowed poison in an
attempt to end her life, police say.
She is separated from her husband
and lives with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Ford. at the Parker
avenue address. She was taken to
city hospital, in serious condition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
BURY VETERAN TUESDAY
Funeral Services Are Scheduled for
Samuel McMulIen.

Funeral services will be held at
Bert S. Gadd undertaking estab-
lishment, 213O Prospect street, at 10
Tuesday morning for Samuel w.
McMullen, 83, Civil war veteran.
Burial will be in Crown Hill.
He died Sunday at the home Of
his daughter. Mrs. John Ransdell,
1886 GULL street.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
REAL ESTATE GROUP
WILL HAVE DINNER
City Board to Stage Annual Affair
at Athletic Club Wednesday.

The Indianapolis Real Estate
Board will hold its annual dinner
dance for members and their wives
in the Indianapolis Athletic Club
Wednesday.
Norris P. Shelby is chairman of
arrangements. j. G. Barnhill, Oliver
Clark, Wendall Coyal, A. H. M.
Graves, r. E. Peckham, William
Pruitt, william Hackemeyer, c. E.
Hixon, Robert Allison and Joseph
Sheen are committee members.
n Dancing pupils of Louise Pursell
AI'owell will give a revue. Jack Till
sons orchestra will play for dancing.
Bridge also is on the entertainment
program.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
DUEL Is THREATENED
Son of Spanish Dictator Quarrels
With Ex-Cabinet Officer.

BV JHfted Press
MADRID, Jan. 27.-Possibility Of a
duel Between Jose Antonio Primo
De Rivera, son of the Spanish die
tator, and Rodriguez Viguri, for
mer cabinet minister, was raised
today as the result of a heated ar
gument at the lawyers association
meeting.
Viguri, who considered his honor
had been offended by remarks of the
premier's son, sent General Cabal-
can't and Miguel Maura as his Sec
onds. A fist fight as a preliminary
was avoided when friends separated
the two men.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
Child Hurt in Auto Crash

BU Times SDGciGI
ANDERSON, Ind, Jan. 27.-Mr.
and Mrs. Oral Williamson and
daughter, Betty Jane, 6, were injured
when their automobile collided at q
street corner here with a car driven
by Douglas Seal. Williamson's au-
tomobile struck a telephone pole,
breaking it off, and then caved in
the side of a grocery, hudling stock
from shelves. The child suffered a
fractured skull and is in serious
condition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
Phone Company Reflects
By Times Special

BU lHtS HpfcIuE
RICHMOND, Ind, Jan. 27.-All
members of the board of directors
and officers of the Richmond Home
Telephone Company have been re-
elected and Thomas Swaner re-
tanned as manager. Officers are j.
M. Lontz, president; E. H. Gates,
vice-president, and Miss Alice L..
Maley, secretary-treasurer Directors
are S. w. Gaar, Alice L. Maley, H.
r. LontZ, j. M. Lontz, E. H. Gates,
A. G. Lindemuth. Gath Freeman and
Thomas Swaner.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
In the Ain"

Weather conditions in the air at
$3.50 a. M:
Northwest wind, five miles an
hour, barometric pressure, 1925 at
sea level; temperature. 30; ceiling,
300 feet; visibility, one-half mile;
fog; field, snow and frozen.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
UNEMPL 0YMENT CURE
NECESSITY STRESSED
Involuntary Jobless Estimated at
5000 by Bureau Member.


5000 by Bureau Member.
Society must find remedies for I'M
employment, Daniel B. Luten. Indi-
annapolis Employment Bureau board
member, declared in an address be-
fore the indianapolis Council of
Social Agencies at Christ church
parish house today noon.
He estimated involuntary unem-
ployment in Indianapolis at present
at mot more than 5000"
The prosperity program advocated
by President Hoover and now adopt
cd by the Indianapolis Chamber of
Commerce will create some employ
ment,' he said.
Professor R. Clyde White of the In
diana university extension division,
also spoke.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
BODY RETURNED HERE
Former City Woman, Suicide Vic
tim. Identified Positively.

The body of Mrs. Eva Johnson,
49, formerly Of Indianapolis, was
being returned her today from
Lordsburg. N. M. following positive
identification Sunday by George
Kincaid. local undertaken.
The deaths Of Mrs. johnson and
her companion. Joseph E. Robinson
of Plant City, Fla, we're attributed
by a coroner's jury to poison taken
with suicidal intent. The two we're
found last Wednesday in a tourists
cabin at LordSburg.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
HELD AS AUTO THIEF
Kirby Lay Charged With Taking
and Wrecking Car.

Charged with vehicle taking,
Kirby Lay, %, of 4l83 Broadway,
was arrested Sunday night. He is
alleged to have wrecked a car be-
longing to Roy G. Anderson of 4190
Broadway, after stealing it from
parking place downtown. The car
skidded of the road at Five Points
Saturday night.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
AUTO INJURIES FATAL
James E. Cline Dies as Result of
Crash With Train.

VI IoIk W ItAH 7 7 tNtAAs
Injuries suffered Thursday night
when his automobile was struck by
a Pennsylvania freight train at
Brookville road, were fatal Sunday
to James E. Cline, 45, operator of
a restaurant at 1862 East Washing
ton street, in st. Vincents hospital.
Mr. Cline lived at At South Denny
street.
Funeral services will be held at
1890 a. m. Wednesday at the home.
Burial will be in Washington Park
cemetery. Surviving are the widow,
Mrs. Iverna Cline; a son. Ardatn
Cline. and two brothers and a sister.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
Named Fund Chairman

william H. Trimble, of the
Trimble Realty Company, today was
appointed chairman of the activities
fund of the Chamber of Commerce
by Felix McWhirter, chairman of
the Indianapolis Forward move
ment.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1930-01-27
CRIME FIGURES
IN -FOUR STATES
WET ARGUMENT
SocioIogiSt ParadeS Ghost
of Prohibition Before
Leslie Probe Group.
B. DANIEL VI. KIDNEY.

POndering IndianaS crime PROB
lem, members Of Governor Harry
G. Leslie's crime commission Will
find themselves looking into prohi-
bition if they follow the leads
furnished by Amos w. Butler, In
dianapolis authority on social prob
lens and secretary of the commits
sion.
For prohibition was the ghost
that stalked the banquet" at the
Claypool Saturday when repre-
sentatives of various civic groups,
public officials and commission
members discussed the task con-
fronting them.
The word prohibition was avoided
skillfully. but it was in the minds
Of Buffers hearers as he cited the
names of several states, commonly
called wet" and asked why the
crime problem in those state is less
ecute than in Indiana, and others
Rrdently dry"
Room for Improvement
In Indiana it is popularity be-
iieVed there is much that can be
improved in the administration OF
criminal law, as there also is~in the
administration of institutions" But
Ter said.
He asked why Massachusetts,
prison population has not increased
as in other states; why commit
ments to New York penal institu-
tions have decreased; why New
Jersey is extending its classif1cations
of prisoners and institutions; why
criminal arrests have decreased in
Maryland; what Wisconsin has ac-
complished in efforts to speed up
administration of criminal justice.
The four states mentioned have
been regarded in Hoosierdom as
SWEET" states, while Ohio rates the
appellstion dry"
why has the state prison popu
lation increased so greatly?" Butler
asked. But he left his questions
unanswered, leaving that to the
commission.
Asks for Statistics
President Elmer Stout of the In
diana Bankers Association urged
statistics be gathered on why prisons
are overcrowded.
IN England, the jails were crowd
ed one time with folks who believed
in freedom of worship" he pointed
out. IN our own country as late as
1880 they were crowded with poor
persons unable to pay their debts.
Let us learn the cause of the crowd
ing now and find a remedy for it. 3"
Attorney-General James M. Ogden
welcomed the guests in the absence
of Governor Harry G. Leslie, who
was attending several other confer
ences at the Columbia Club. James
A. Van Osdol, commission chairman,
presided.