davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
PUBLIC LIBRARY

Recent acceSsions to the Public
Library and lists of recommended read
ing VIII appear in this column every
Sunday.
Art and Artists.
Ceilings, E. H. r. Modern European
Art. W30-C69m.
G434co.
Gardner, Percy, and Bloomfield, Sir r. T.
Greek Art and Architecture. 1922
W127-G 173.
Goya y Lucientes, F. j. de. Francisco
de Goya. 1927. W10-G748.
Graves, M. de B. A Study of American
Art and Southern Artists of Note.
W83-G7Ss.
oseli ii, PAU. Millet. 1928. wlO-
Higginbottom. w. H. Frightfulness In
Modern Art. 1928. WP-H53.
Hudnut. Joseph. Modern Sculpture
WJ-H36m.
Maberly, Joseph. The Print Collector
1880. WQ-M11.
Mead, c. W. Peruvian Art as Shown
on Textiles and Pottery. W998-M46.
Meryon. Charles. Charles Meryon. 1927.
Wl0-M559.
ings of the Seventeenth Century.
1926. WP46S-M88.
Peirce, Hayford, and Tyler, Royal. BY
zantine Art. 1926. W14-P35.
Whistler. J. A. M James McNeill
Whistler. 1927 W10-W578a2.
Geology.
Jillson. w. r. Sketches in Geology.
MC83-J56s.
Merriam, j. c. The Living Past. NC
M35.
Willis, Bailey and Robin. Geologic
Structures. MN-W676ge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
CHILDREN OF UNCLE SAM
MUST GET PROTECTION
Secretary Wilbur Discusses Status OF
Nations Youngsters and Hopes
of Conference.

side of weakness and not TO that OF
strength in the inevitable decisions that
every growing person must meet.
Soft-pillow bringing up leads 10
mushy spinal marrow. Misdirected
habits often lead to misbehavior, mis-
behavior to unsocial action and GRIM
inality Youth Is a period OF trial and
learning. Fortunately indeed Is the
child who does not have to try every
thing once. but who can let fools be
fools and observe instead of initiate
With the growing child misbehavior
must be taken at the child's level, not
at the adults level. We must view the
Juvenile period as one of self-training
in which the adult must be helpful and
sympathetic.
Education Is Important.
Significant liz this period of training
is what we call education. 1t now con-
sumes a large portion of the time of
youth. At the present time we narshat
our children in school rooms, giving
them set and similar exercises over
series of years, trying to impart to them
the knowledge that has been gained in
the past and to prepare them for the
future. While we have had much ex-
perience, we are still far from under
standing what the educational process
should be for all of our children, and
particularly what, it should be for indi-
vidual children. At the best, our re-
suits are mere averages. Many careful
studies are going on in this direction.
They need to be summarized and new
ones put on their way.
With this prolongation of the child
period of life. while there are new OPP
portunities for training and education,
there are new responsibilities In connec-
ton with the normal play life Of the
child and with what we now properly
classify as recreation.
Our present attempt to bring UP chill
dren in this midst of factories. apart
ment houses, paved streets. automobiles
| and machines, and in the absence of
flowers, trees, grass, birds and animals.
is real test Of our capacity to think
! in terms of the future. We can in no
way escape biology. We have grown up
through the ages under certain condi-
| lions. They were those of the open
| field ard the open air, the sunshine and
the rain and the natural opportunity
| provided for children under those con-
ditions. The industrial world must be
looked at coidly and critically and a
! place found 1t 1t where the children
! can develop normally to a capable.
| healthful and efficient manhood. Any
| failure on our part will be eventually
| disastrous. Dollars made in improved
industry must be used to buy back a
chance for children.
I doubt If there was ever a period
| in the history of the world when more
| was going on and when environment
changes were more rapid than they
are today. Since all of these changes
have an effect in one way or another
| upon the mother and the child. a survey
| of just what has been done and what
can be done, such as that offered by
| the White House Conference is, in my
| judgment, one of the most significant
and important problems that human
beings face today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

Continued From Third Page.)
her pupils in order that she may adapt
her instruction to them.
She passes less time than heretofore
in presenting things to the class as
whole, because she knows from expert
ence that such class presentation is
adapted only to the average and Is
therefore too fast and too difficult for
the slow child and too slow and too
easy for the able child.
Rigid Standard Discarded.
Her teaching now consists mainly in
giving to each child the particular kind
and amount of help which he needs
at his particular stage of advancement
at that particular time. She is more a
helper than a master. She judges her
success not in terms of how many pupils
attain some fixed and external stand
ard, but rather by the number of pupils
who have made appreciate gains dur
ing the time they have been under her
guidance.
The school, of necessity, changes, just
as other activities in life change. Since
the school is charged with the respon-
sibility for the education of the chill
dren of the Nation, every parent is con-
cerned with the changes In the schools.
There are three or four tendencies
which seem to me to be increasingly
evident in the modern school. The
first is the increased amount of study
of individual children by teachers, in
order that their individual needs may
be discovered and met. The second is
the growing emphasis in teacher-train-
ing agencies on developing teachers who
will be increasingly well fitted to adapt
their instruction to the particular
needs of the individual pupils. The
third is the marked notifications in the
physical organization and equipment for
teaching in the effort to provide for
better individual adjustment.
Variety in Glass Rooms Sought.
No longer is boxlike structure of Il
rooms, exactly alike, an adequate school
building. Every community is insisting
on having different kinds of rooms and
different kinds of equipment and sup
plies for the variety of needs of the
pupils. Finally, there is apparent
throughout the country growing
amount of careful, scientific study on
the part of the school agencies concern
ing ways and means of adapting in
struction to child needs.
AS the years go by the superintendent
of schools and boards of education are
more and more baSing on veridable fact
their decisions as to the direction OF
educational efforts. Thus the same sci
entific procedure which has been pro-
ductive of so great progress in industry
and in business is at work IN education
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Fountain Gives Wine
For Grape Festival

Ten tons of grapes and 1,1o0 gallons
of wine were given away to those who
trooped to the little town of Marine, not
far from Rome, to celebrate the feSti-
walls of the grapes recently. In accord
ance with ancient custom, the public
fountain of the village was made to
give forth wine, and every one was al
lowed to drink as much as he wished
or at least as much as he could. This
year there we're a goodly number OF
tipsy folks wandering about the narrow
streets before the wine had been flowing
an hour, and it was said to carry a
much stronger punch" than it had for
a good many years. Unfortunately for
those who came late, the wine was only
given away for an hour, after which
the thirsty crowds were forced to seek
consolation in the village cafes. Much
more order marked the celebration this
year than usually thanks to the pres
ence of Fascist guards, who kept the
thirsty ones in line and passed out
paper cups to each person, distinct
Improvement over the common glasses
from which all hasuds used TO guzzle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

much disappointed and sd on
fire with his own oratory, could
not let her sleep. Forthwith
he woke her up and insisted
that she listen to the whole
speech.
Is there any wife in the
world to whom something of
the same sort has not hap
pened?
I knew personally one of the
leading men of the last genera
ton. For years he had gone
home every evening and-de-
tail by detail-told his wife the
whole story of the days pro-
ceedings: what he did, what
he said and what other men
had done and said to him.
When she died at a ripe old
age, the husband seemed Or
ganically sound and good for
another 10 years at least. Yet
he followed her to the grave
within a few months. Life had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
shamefully and inexcusably be-

shamefully and inexcusably be-
hind.
But at the moment I am
more interested in one very
human little incident in Sir
Edwards life which occupies
only paragraph, and was per-
haps overlooked by most
readers.
He had just been elected to
Parliament and had prepared
a speech with which he hoped
to dazzle the house and make
his reputation. Again and
again during the long night
session he tried to catch the
speakers eye, but each time he
was overlooked in favor of some
older member. So he went home
with the speech still undeliv-
cred, it's ringing sentences still
ringing in his head.
There in bed lay his little
wife, who had been asleep for
hours. But Sir Edward, so
(Convrie
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

with high-pressure steam" And the
new tables are being worked out.
II might add" remarked DR.. Stratton
with a chuckle, that the job is about
as difficult as any you could put up to
physicist,
Higher pressures are demanded, not
only by the petroleum refinerles and
other chemical works, but by all indus
tries that use steam. And this demand
has brought a whole train of researches.
For one thing, We had to produce steel
strong enough to withstand the higher
pressures plus the higher tempera-
lures"
other research has been directed
toward the use of fuel. PoWer-plant
records show that in 1919 80 pounds
of coal were required to produce one
kiloWat of electricity for an hour;
that was the average for all power
plants in the United States. In 1928
the average had been reduced to Ito
pounds of coal for each kiloWatt-a
saving of nearly one-half.
THE modern steam engine is by no
means perfect" DR.. Stratton went on,
and steam itself is by no means the
ideal fluid for driving an engine. The
most efficient form of engine is that
in which the vapor is condensed back
into liquid after it has done its work.
But steam does not conQenSe rapluly
at ordinary temperatures.
Thus, on ocean liners there are
powerful pumps which force cold sea-
water through the condensing system.
And adjoining large power plants on
land you may see great tower con-
densers and sprays to cool the dis
charged steam back into water. But
all these appliances are costly, cum
bersome and somewhat inefficient.
Need Substitute for Water.
1.-THE truth is that engineers need a
substitute for water--another liquid
which will condense rapidly on being
exposed to the temperature of the air
Such liquid will possibly come
through research--by trying the prop
critics of all existing liquids and finding
the one that reacts best for the purpose
or by the construction alphabetically of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Whitney, Thought Dumb in Fall Crisis,
Youngest Man to Head Stock Exchange

be the youngest man ever to serve as its
president. From this fact those who
have been watching him in action, par
ticularly since he became member of
the governing committee IL years ago,
do not hesitate to predict that long be-
fore he has reached so and the gray
now at his temples has spread through
his jet black hair the name of Whitney
will be as familiar in PARKWAY places as
are those of Morgan, Lamont and
Mitchell today.
He takes the helm at the Stock TX
change at very important hour in its
history America is more conscious of
the big board" In Wall Street than
ever before, and American business, as
represented by the men who stand on
duty in the greatest money market in
the world, is pretty thoroughly satisfied
that Dick Whitney is competent to
carry on the policies of Simmons, Crom-
well, Noble and his other predecessors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

a LIQUID that has the desired properties"
The application of research to in
dustry is not alone a question OF what
We can do. however-added the physi-
cist--but also of what is most economl-
cal.
There has been much talk of the
utilization of free poWer-or harness.
ing the tides, for example. The idea is
entirely feasible. There is ttdemill
now in operation in Chelsea, Mass 1t
serves as power plant for small spice
mill: 1t works, though its output OF
power is small. Engineers could I'M
doubtedly build a tidemill of larger
capacity in the Bay of Fundy, where
the tidal rise and fall amounts to so
feet daily but the cost of the invest
ment would be out of proportion to the
result. The simple fact is that, at the
present price of coal, steam power is
cheaper.
so with other forms of free power.
It is computed that each square yard
of the earth's Sunlit surface receives
continually one horsepower OF energy.
When the scarcity of coal and petro-
leum makes it necessary to use sun
power, research will find a way to
harness the sunbeams-or it will find
way to synthesize coal or petroleum
whichever is most economical of accom-
pliShment.
"Of course we don't know enough to
master Nature yet, but we are learning.
There is, I believe, no limit to the pos
sibility of mans achievement. The
great need is more research, more ad-
venuturing, by purely inquiring minds
for it is by exploring the fundamental
laws that the future is expanded. More
research calls for more researchers. And
so we come back to the all-important
personal equasion."
AS Thomas Carlyle put it: Produce
great men; the rest follows"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
History of May Day
Long and Interesting
Continued From First Page.l

Continued From First Page)
or 80 yoke of oxen, each animal decked
with nosegays tied to. the tips of his
horns. A joyous crowd of men, women
and children followed with piping and
singing.
When the pole was planted flowers
were scattered around 1t and bowers Of
green boughs were set up nearby. Here
feasting and merrymaking went on all
day long, while one set after another
of youths and maidens fell in place to
''leapce and daunce" around the pole.
A King and Queen of the May were
chosen beforehand. They sat on a
throne of roses holding scepters of
rushes and presided over the Mosques
and mummeries of the crowd. The
masque of Robin Hood was a favorite.
There we're morris dances, archery con-
tests and various other sports. Usually
man riding a pasteboard hobby horse
went among the spectators to collect
contributions In a ladle stuck in the
horses mouth.
At evening great bonfires were lighted
and the May Queen abdicated her share
of the throne, leaving the King and
his men to conduct the revels of the
4IlcSS lasted morning.
In the villages the May poles were
usually set up anew each year, but in
London and other cities they we're often
left permanently standing. There was
a May pole in the Strand in London,
put up in the year of the Restoration,
which was 1874 feet high and was q
famous landmark in it's day.
One of the curious old customs still
in existence in Devonshire and certain
parts of Wales was the parading of
May dolls" through the streets. This
obviously is a survival from the floral
festivals, when images of the goddess
were carried in procession Sometimes
there was quaint admixture of Chris
tianity in the May doll" ceremony-a
large doll carried baby doll In its
arms, thus suggesting the Madonna of
the Catholic professions.
Thus, with all its divers shews" as
an old writer expresses it, with good
archers, morrice-dauncers and other
devices for passtime all the day long"
and in the evening with "stage-plaies
and bonfres in the streets" with
plenty of brown October ale to add to
the cheer and a contagious spirit of
Jolllty abroad, May day was an efficient
safety valve for pent-up libido. No
wonder the Puritans pounced upon it
so fiercely.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

no more zest for him. He had
lost his audience.
Go into any restaurant and
watch the couples at their
meal. See the man expanding
under the encouraging smile of
a girl, talking along, showing
what a great fellow he is. And
she, asking questions which are
much dumber than they need
to be, deliberately concealing
her own wisdom in order to
make him appear the wiser.
They are a great invention,
these women, and particularly
those of them who do us the
honor to become our wives.
Whenever any one tells me
that. with the increasing
wealth of the country, the
wives are growing more idle, I
contend that they still earn
their living handsomely.
And would continue to earn
it even If they had to do moth
ing but listen to us talk.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

Continued From First Page)
tween the type of mind developed in a
house with an attic and cellar and
lawn and a garden and perhaps COW
or some chickens and dog mot a
Pekinese) -and, on the other hand, the
type of mind developed in a city apart
ment, with nothing to turn to after sup
per except some highly artificial form
of amusement? What social historian
will make clear the distinction between
the two types of mind, from childhood
up contrasting the conditions of life as
lived by an average city dWeller earning
say $4,000 year-and on the other
hand the conditions of life as lived by
an average village dweller or farmer
earning the 81 900 year that would be
the equivalent of the city dweller's
$4,000?
To understand this difference is 60
ing to be important, considering that
America in the past has been run by
the village type of mind and in the fu-
ture is going to be managed by the city
type.
Can Will Rogers tell us the differ
ence? Will White of Emporia could If
he would put his mind on it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

NE could draw many in
teresting lessons from
the recent biography
~ of the great English
barrister, Sir Edward
Marshall Hall.
For instance, it furnishes a
striking commentary on the
difference between our method
and the English method of adj
ministering justice. Sir Edward
appeared in most of the cele-
brated trials of his time. Any
one of them would have dreg-
ged on for weeks over here. The
longest of them lasted only II
days in England. A majority
were wound up in less than a
week.
We are ahead of the English
in most departments of mod
ern business. We are even with
them in medicine, in science,
and, perhaps, in literature. In
the law we are woefully,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Continued From Third Page)

Continued From Third Page)
their annual dinners, when prizes are
awarded, Dick Whitney is always elected
by reclamation as the principal speaker.
And he doesn't shoot any broad Har-
ward as at u.s." said one of his boosters.
He knows our lingo and talks it."
There are strict rules in Broad street
governing all employees of the Stock
Exchange There must be no specula-
tion--on stocks, horse races or ball
games. There are other regulations of
conduct which must be observed to pro-
tect the reputation of the exchange it
self Serious offenses of course, cannot
be tolerated But more than one young
runner or page boy is grateful to Dick
Whitney, whose voice is always lifted for
the lad who has transgressed the rules
only slightly.
AS far as the records of the Stock
Exchange disclose, Richard Whitney Will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

Birds of all kinds seem quite help
less In foggy weather. Horses, on the
are not at all worried by the
fog, and will keep their direction as
well as If it were perfectly clear.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Farm Population Less
As Cities Grow Large

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Business Recognizes
individuals Differ

Continued From Third Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Problems of Science
Call for Brainy Men

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

But since the home rulers of British
India have been making trouble and
threatening 10 make more there has
been a marked disposition on the part
Of the British overload to concillate the
princes The Tory dailieS give great
prominence to political resolutions
passed by the Chamber of Princes ex-
pressing hostility toward the Indian
nationalist program, and declaring that
II any concessions are made by the
government of India they tthe princess
reserve the right to take any steps
they think fit TO defend their own
interests"
Before Gandhi gave trouble this tone
would have raised a hullabaloo. Vice
roys would have made indignant noises,
circulars would have circulated and the
princes would have been reminded in
no uncertain tones that their business
Is 10 rule their states like model little
vassals and keep out of great affairs
of empire,
But princes are useful-a club in
reserve for the vociferous nationalslts
of British India Having everything TO
/ hope from the British crown and every
! thing TO fear from the ambitious native
lawyers and professional politicians of
British India they form q bastion of
British power in India.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27
Higher Pressure Is Demanded.

But recent research has d cmonstrated
the economy and efficiency of higher
pressures. and today industry is de-
handing boilers capable of operating
at 1900 pounds to the square inch and
even higher. The manufacturers have
come TO the scientists, saying: Give
US new steam tables Which can be used
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

(Copyright, 1900
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1930-04-27

IOfturer was successor.
Khanderaos successor, Malharrao,
plotted against the British supremacy
and IN year spent III lakhs of rupees
against an income of only ga lakhs. He
abducted respectable women and tor
tured and murdered his people and
tried 10 poison the English political
agent with sherbet into which arsenic
and diamond dust had been dropped
The long-suffering British govern
ment finally deposed the Maharaja NAL
harrao, whereupon his favorites raised
riots and proclaimed the elder Maha-
Tani regent. The British general on the
spot promptly marched body of troops
supported by artillery into the walled
city. arrested the ringleaders, ordered
the merchants to reopen their shops,
packed of the two MaharaniS suspected
of being instigators of the trouble. to-
gether with the infant son of the junior
lady, TO share the deposed Maharaja Is
exile, issued proclamation that the
annexation Of Baroda was not intended
and, having cleaned up the situation
without loss OF life, proceeded TO look
for suitable heir TO the vacant throne