Evening star., 1929-06-05
Make Known interpretations.

During the past four weeks both
Premier Mussolini and Pope Plus have
been making known their respective in
terpretations of the significance CT the
recently signed Lateran accord settling
the historic Roman question.
On May 13, in an address before the
Chamber of Deputies, Premier MusSollnl
declared that there were two sovereign
ties sharply distinct and well differen-
tiated, perfectly and reciprocally recog-
nized. defining the situation thus:
The state, supreme in the kingdom
of Italy; the Catholic Church, with
certain pre-eminence, loyalty and Volun-
tarily recognized"
In outlining the history of Christian
ity the premier intimated that the
church owed It's world wide spread to its
removal to Rome II was understood
that the Pontiff and his entourage were
discontented with the purely objective
treatment of Catholicity in the premier s
speech, notably with that regarding the
removal of the church to Rome.
Pope Draws Contrast.
On May Is Pope Plus delivered an ad-
dress before the alumni and faculty OF
Mondragoni College in which he drew a
contrast between the generally accepted
conception of the Fascist doctrine that
the individual exists for the state and
Catholicisms conception of the role of
the individual and family, notably In the
field Of education.
The state is not made 70 absorb,
swallow and destroy the individual and
family: that would be an absurdity
which would be against nature, since
the family comes first In society and IN
the state" said the Pontif.
The Pope's speech, as published oy
Osservatore Romano, dealt with the ed
ucational question thus: THE state
cannot remain Indifferent to the edu-
cation of the masses: 1t should provide
technical and material aid for this, but
only to perfect the action of the family
and to respect, above all, the entire
divine right of the church"
Again he said: Where We can never
be agreed Is IN all that would restrain
diminish or nullify that right which
! nature and God has given to the family
and the church in the educational
field"
Mussolini Defines Speech.
On May 25, the day on which the
/ Italian Senate voted approval Of the
lateran accords, Premier Mussolini re-
! ferred to his speech Of May 13. saying
MY chamber speech was found difhcult
| I will define II as necessary, even In
! its polerical points, which hit the
! target they were aimed at. 1t was
| necessary to clear the atmosphere.
which. being too sentimental. would
have ended by altering the contours,
! character and objectives Of events
1t was necessary to dispel the equivo-
cation which allowed people to believe
| that the iateran treaties would have
| Vaticanized Italy or that the Vatican
would be Italianized."
Speaking on the question of educa
| ton and instruction, the premier asked
Are we Fascist exercising a monopoly
Of instruction? Is 1t necessary to recall
that 1t was under the Fascist regime
that the first Catholic Italian unlver-
sity was opened and recognized?"
Continuing the premier said: "Tht
modern family, engaged ceaselessly ir
a struggle for livelihood, cannot give
instruction to anybody. It Is only the
state, with its means of all sorts, that
can accomplish that task"
we demand total charge of the edu-
cation of the citizen" said the premier
IF the contemporary world was not the
| world of ferocious wolves that we know
we might renounce this education o.
ours to which We give the name
for hypocrisies revolt us.
Favors Martial Education.
"Of war like education" the prenriel
declared, no one ought to be frighten
ed. This virile, martial education Il
necessary In italy, for during long cen
turies the military qualities of the Ital
ian people did not shine. After thu
wars Of the Roman Empire 1t was sole
ly in the war from 1915 to 1918 that Il