davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

eminent to another, usually by the
process of naturalization. 1t not only
asserted this right on behalf of the
subject of European monarchs who
wished to become American citizens. but
freely conceded the corresponding right
Of Americans to become the subjects Of
foreign kings If they so desired.
In Conflict With Britain.
This brought us into direct conflict
with Great Britain. The English law
was "once a subject, always subject"
Not the least of the causes of the War
Of 1912 was the refusal of the British
naval authorities to recognize the
naturalization Of former British seamen
who had under our laws become Amerl-
can citizens. British captains insisted
upon the right to stop and search
Americans, who. they commended. were
still British subjects high-handed
practice which aroused the bellicosity
Of the early Americans.
Some other monarchs, such as the
Car Of Russia and the Sultan OF
Turkey, forbade their subjects to tranA-
fer their allegiance without their pei =
mission, which was rarely, II ever,
granted. We had numerous diplomatic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

BY HENRY KITTREDGE NORTON,
Author of Back Of War; ~, China and the
~ UT 1 am an American citi-
- zen," declared Frank Ghilonl
| for the fiftieth time. Here
| L. is my passport in which the
Secretary of State certifles
the fact under seal. I was born in
Massachusetts,. Why should l nave TO
serve In the Italian Army?"
II know, Mr.. Ghiloni," repeated the
American consul, still patient, and the
Secretary of State has done all that he
can to assist you. The difficulty Is that
under American law you are an Ameri-
can citizen, but under italian law you
are an Italian subject. While we are
in Italy it is the italian and not the
American law which will be enforced"
Went to Italy for Health.
And thereby hangs a tale. Frank
Ghiloni was born in Massachusetts, and
under the high authority of the four
tenth amendment to the Constitution
was an American citizen. His father
however, was an italian and did not Sc
cure his naturalization papers until the
year after Frank was born. Except for
few years in Italy. Frank had spent all
of his life in the United States.
to Italy for his health. When the
Italian Army was modified for the
Great War, he was pressed into service
as an Italian subject, and the Italian
government refused to accede, to the re-
quest Of the Secretary of State to re-
lease him. Frank was sent to the
front and was captured by the Aus
TRANS. The State Department renewed
its request for his release, this time to
promptly freed and allowed to return
home.
Frank Ghiloni was only one of thou
sands of American-born citizens who
have been caught in the tolls of the law
of dual nationality. Every year hun
dredS of appeals are made to American
diplomatic and consular officers to Sc
cure the release of Americans from
| military service in Europe Frequently
they are able to secure the desired re-
lease, but always 1t is matter OF
courtesy on the part Of the European
authorities.
The question is an old one whose
origins are lost In the shadows Of me-
dieval history. 1t arises because some
states adhere to the jus soil, or the law
of the soil, and others to the jus SAN
guinis. or law Of the blood. England,
for example, held that any man born
within the Kings domain" was a sub
ject of the King. It was this princi-
pie OF the common law which in 1858
was embodied In the fourteenth amend
ment to our own Constitution.
Continent Adheres to Law.
The continental European states for
the most part adhered to the law of the
blood, holding that the allegiance of the
son, regardless of his birthplace, fol-
lowed the allegiance Of his father. This
is still the law in most of the coun-
tries Of continental Europe.
There is obviously room for a conflict
here. And the United States has added
to the confusion by placing on It's
statute books Gin 1850 a law comforting
citizenship on the children born abroad
If its citizens who had previously re-
sided in the United States. Thus the
United States follows both the law OF
the soil and the law of the blood.
To add to the tangle, the United
States early espoused the right OF en-
patriation-that is, the right of man
to transfer his allegiance from one gov
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
Polish Law Would
End Inflicted Names

A Polish parliamentary deputy be-
longing to one of the peasant parties
wishes to introduce law to facilitate
and cheaper the changing Of surnames.
Many peasants SurnameS have crystal
lized out of hooking nicknameS con-
ferred by neighbors. There are on rec
ord "Paunch," 'Leprosy," "Scurf" and
many others still less complimentary
Jews are often in a worse plight than
peasants. Until the end of the eight
zenith century they bore patronymics
such as Abraham, son Of Jacob"
The police of the three powers that
partitioned Poland insisted that they
should all take surnames. Either in an
attempt to extort brides or else to
amuse themselves they often inflicted
the most ridiculous and unseemly names
on the unfortunate Jews. TON
weight" Abdominal Ulcer" and Berlin
Blue" are among those recorded.
Some such surnames have so grossly
indecent a meaning that they could not
be translated in the pages of a respect
able paper. Some OF the Jews, who
only understood Yiddish, did not know
what their Russian names meant
Thousands Of them have changed theiI
names since the war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
Mother of Emperor
Has Silk Laboratory

The Empress dowager, mother of the
present Emperor, is keenly interested
in the raising of silkworms, and pays
visits almost daily to a special sericul-
tural laboratory in the compound of hes
palace. Several expert scientists are
working in the laboratory and she is
reported to be following their work very
closely. Recently she invited a group
of about 200 officials and students in
the Peeress' School, of which she is a
graduate, to inspect the laboratory.
Public interest has been aroused in the
laboratory because 1t has become known
that a number of significant expert
ments are being conducted there. Silk
worms fed respectively In the light Of
old-fashioned lamps and under special
ultraviolet ray lamps are about to start
to spin their cocoons, and the resulting
effect Of their feeding days on the quail
ity of silk produced may prove bene-
fetal to the whole silk industry of
Japan. The Empress dowager's labora-
tory has also been conducting researches
into cross-breeding of japanese and
Chinese worms In a search for those
which will produce even finer silk.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
Talking Movies Stump
Japanese Film Censor

Introduction Of talking motion pic
lures in Japan has brought with it ad-
ditional trouble for those connected
with the silver screen here. Censor
ship is very strict on imported pictures
and those charged with seeing Chat the
films are cut In the right places are
puzzled as to how to continue their
work when the sound is attached to the
film.
The handicap has proved harmful
to companies seeking to bring more
talkies into Japan. It is agreed that
the real solution is to have the films
and the sound ION records) imported
separately, and then Synchronize them
after censoring. This has its disadvan-
tages but is better than having the film
cut and the music continue at the
wrong time.
In several cases where films have
been cut the screen has been left q
blank while the proper music went on
and when the Objectionable part of the
picture had passed projection was re-
sumed. This method will not prove
satisfactory for a permanent arrange
ment. The popularity of talkies here
is expected to be increased by the syn
chroniZation of japanese TRANSACTIONS
Of the titles by the trained announcers
who now translate foreign films.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

Soviet Republics opened in Moscow on
November 20 in the throneroom OF
Standrsw. in the Kremlin. Chairman
Kalinin of the central executive COM
mittee, Chairman Sirtsoff Of the Rus
sion council of peoples commissars and
Chairman Krijanovsky of the state plan
ming commission made speeches aimed
to stir up enthusiasm for the five-year
plan, the topic of the hour, one OF the
grandest topics ever discussed In any
assembly. The present critical phase
of the plan provides a drama packed
with stupendous possibilities. The
grand question is-What will Mother
Nature do? Another good harvest might
insure success; a bad one might mean
failure. A good harvest this year would
be a fifth successive good harvest; al
most unprecedented in Russia. Drama
indeed. Above, the glittering imperial
insignia: below, the representatives OF
the far-flung proletariat, of many racial
types, of infinite sartorial and hirsute
variety, much homespun, not q lew
women.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
The Story the Week Has Told

| Nikolas Bukharin has been expelled
from the politburo political bureau) OF
the Communist party.
X n II
TADJIKISTAN.-Th is to be q
new republic within the Union of So
cialist Soviet Republics, namely, Tad
| jikistan, which will embrace the homes
of about 100000 Tadjiks. who are OF
Iranian blood with no doubt some, but
apparently very slight, Turkish admix-
ture), speak archaic Persian dialects
are physically very fine and outstanding,
generally of fair complexion and regu-
lar features. I cannot make out the
precise territory (said to be about the
size of Colorado the new republic Is
to embrace. but it seems safe to say that
it includes the districts of old known
as Karateghin, Wakhan and the Pa
Mrs. The western part of the territory,
which is being separated from Uzbekis-
tan, is excellent for cotton and silk
culture. We are told that during the
brief period of its inclusion in Ubekistan
the land has been equitably divided
among the peasants. the latter have been
comparatively organized and good prog
reSs has been made in road building
and establishment of schools.
Thousands of Tadjiks are scattered
through Afghanistan, Bukhara, Khiva,
ETC.. the very name Tadjik C'stranger')
indicating the wide dispersion of the
stock. No doubt the new republic will
draw to itself many of these scattered
ones, who among nomadic folk are often
diSeSteemed for their very merits; since
immemorially they have been settled
folk. Whenever. however constrained
to fight, they have shown themselves as
brave as "the Lave"
With the formation Of the new re-
public, the Union of Socialist Soviet Re-
publics will include the following named
federated republics or groups of re-
Ukrainia 10000, ooO). white Russia
(5,00o,OOO). the Transcaucasian Fed
Grafton Cincluding Armenia, Georgia
and Azerbaijan $1,000 ,OO0), Turkmen-
istan (about 100000. Uzbekistan
(5,Ooo,ooo) and Tadjikistan.
y
CHTNA.-Dispatches of the eighteenth
told of Nationalist success at Teng-
feng, the Kuominchun forces retreating
toward Loyang, and also of Nationalist
success in Hupeh, the Kuominchun
drive down the Han River being halted
outside Siangyang. But dispatches of
the nineteenth reported capture of
Siangyang by the Kuominchun and
consequent alarm in Hankow, the gar
rison OF which is inadequate. Dis
patches of the nineteenth also reported
capture by Soviet forces of Manchuli
and Dalainor after bombardment by
artillery and from airplanes, and
bombardment by Soviet planes along
the Chinese Eastern near the frontier
between Manchuria and the maritime
province.
Dispatches Of the twentieth told of
Kuominchun advance some 80 miles
southwark from Siangyang and of
feverish efforts of Chang Kai-Shek by |
way OF rushing troops to stem that
push down the Han, also of a new
threat to Canton from activities biased |
on Kwangsi Province) of Gen. Fa-Kwei |
Of "IronSides" fame.
Dispatches of the twenty first re-
ported capture Of stored Loyang |
Honan City, by Nationalist troops, |
with many prisoners and much material
of war.
The reader Is warned that the above
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

arguments with them in this connection,
but fortunately these did not result in
war.
AS a result Of this confusion Of law
and the numerous treaties that have
been made on account of it the simple
definition of an American citizen as
ANY person born or naturalized in the
United States" is subject to all kinds
of qualifications. according to the time,
the place and the circumstances.
Sister Is Not so Sure.
An American born son Of an Amerl-
can-born father is fairly sure of his
American citizenship wherever he may
be and in whatever circumstances he
may find himself.
His American-born sister, however, Is
not so secure in her rights. Until re-
Gently the law was almost universal that
a married woman's allegiance followed
that of her husband. Thus even y
Daughter of the American Revolution
might have been Russian, French
man, Turk or Prussian" by the simple
process of marrying an exotic gentleman
from one of the countries concerned.
She may still do so If she likes. But in
1922 the United States conferred upon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
ended November %:

ondeO
GREAT BRITAIN.-Thomas rover
o,Connor, father OF the HOUSE % %
Commons" and generally reieL Saaa At
O. He has represented Liverpool unfn-
tsrruntedly for A years. Lloyd George
s,,cceeds him as father OF the HOUSE,
IeviI,1 represented the Carnarvon BOT.
omehs division uninterruptedly Ior %
years. ..,o,, from, Queens
roIIeoe Galway. Mr.. OConnor lett ms
,oetive land for London, and thenceiof-
ward until 1880 he led precaIlouss
life in Grub street. the pnase ~, y.
nenury ended with the success OF Ins
biography of Disraeh puoilsheo Cuas
wear. and the same year ne enCeiI V
Parliament as representative rom u ).
wav. He at once became one OF FaInen
chief lieutenants and he ardently sup
ported that dubious hero until MS Maelc
eYile. He was an effective speaker,
witty good humored, sensible, luclo anu
sometines lucent, his best known ora
toricsl triumph being his defense OF
ParneIl against the famous attack py
w r Forster. Forster's invective seemed
To have demolished its subject. puC
O'Connor's reply had the whole HOUSE
roaring with laughter ana cheering
approval. ,,t., c.rser
Mr. O'Connor continued his Journalistic
work, especially by way OF sketches OF
coternnoraries. He wrote several DOCKS
besides his "Disraelr' Of merit, but not
strikinQly so. He was perhaps the most
nonular man in Parliament, 1act
marked by the presentation to him TINS
wear by his parliamentary colleagues OF
ali parties, of $4,000 trust 1uno. us us
never ceasing championship OF ms
native land received full satlsiactlon IN
state: a championship all the more
effective for always being urged win
good hunlor and consisting with anec-
ton for England.
FRANCE between rep
resentatives of the French and German
governments concerning the Saar dis
trict began in Paris on November IL
An attractive proposition" must be
forthcoming from Germany If France
is to be expected to relinquiSh 1uriso\-
ton of the district prior to 1885, the
wear named in the Versailles treaty Tor
a ulebiscite to determine the perma-
nent nationality thereof, considering
the very substantial amount OF French
capital invested therein since the war
1t is thought that such proposition
win be forthcoming. The output OF
the Saar mines has been greatly In
creased under French operation; they
are a very important source Of supply
to the French steel industry, so greatly
expanded through the recovery of Lor-
raine. The district has an area OF
about $50 square miles and popula-
ton of about 100000.
There are nine Left groups in the
French Chamber. Starting from the
Right they are named as follows: Left
Republicans, Left Independents, Union
list and Socialist Left, Radical Left,
Republican Socialists (the group to
which BRAND and Painleve belong
Republican Socialists and French So
cialists @ sort ok Christian Socialists)s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
The Army Worm
BY BRUCE BARTON.

IF the eighteenth amendment
10 ever overthrown, il will
not be by the vets. The
Il overzeaIous drys will talk it
out Of the Constitution, as they
talked il in.
When one of them announces
that the purchaser Of q glass OF
wine should be sentenced to 10
years in prison or that the
Army should be called out to
shoot down citizens who make
whoopee, the common sense of
people rebels.
"This 10 too much" they muir
muir.
The murnur is not loud, but
it 10 deep. The nurmurers are
not given to analyxation, and
they have little talent for put
ting their thoughts into words.
None the less, they are conscious
that a law which makes a Chris
tian talk and act in such an IN
Christian fashion must be open
to serious doubt.
And, IL soaded far enough,
they will do something. about it.
\ %k
A wonderful thing about the
universe 10 it's all .perVading law
of balance. For every star there
is some other star to hold it in
place. For every poison there is
an antidote. For every abuse
there is some natural corrective.
\ y n
"Things refuse to be misman-
aged long," as Emerson pointed
out. Though no checks to q
new evil appear, the checks exist
and will appear. II the govern
ment 10 cruel, the governors life
10 not safe. " you tax too high,
(Copyri
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

Radicals and Radical Socialists, indie
pendent Socialists, and Communists.
Together these Left groups constitute
about two-thirds of the membership OF
the Chamber. To speak more precisely,
the Left groups to the right OF the
Radical Socialists are of the Left CEN
ter. But one exceedingly important
characteristic is common to all the
Left groups, namely, that they could be
counted on to join heartily in resistance
to Fascist development.
The worlds largest submarine was
launched at Cherbourg on November 10.
She is 400 feet long and Is to have a
surface speed Of 19 KNOBS. She will
carry four 5.5-inch guns, II torpedo
tubes, 80 torpedos and small seaplane
Her crew, officers and men, will number
$50. She will be able to dive 430 feet
and her armor protection will be
extraordinary.
RUSSIA.-The second session Of the
Congress Of the Union Of Socialist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

TINE merger of the National Coun-
Gil Of Congregational Churches
and the General Convention of
the Christian Church, bringing
together more than 100000
members of the two denominations
into a single organization, was NOM
inally effected on october Is at Piqua,
Ohio, where the General Convention
OF the Christian Church, at its last
union which had earlier been approved
by the National Council of Congrega-
tional Churches.
The next and In many ways an
equally important step will be taken
Tuesday, when the executive committee
of the General Council of the Congre-
gational and Christian Churches, the
new body created by the agreement, will
meet In New York to plan further con-
solicitations and to consider the body OF
work still necessary to bring the men,
bers of the two organizations into closer
cooperation in both the home and mis-
sion fields.
This meeting will take place at 287
Fourth avenue. It will be attended BY
IA members of the executive committee
of the National Council of the Congrc-
gational Churches and four members OF
the General Convention Of the Chris
tian Church.
First Meeting Of It's Kind.
It will be the first actual meeting OF
representatives of the two denomina-
lions since the merger has been de-
clared in force, and it will be the first
meeting of its kind in the history Of
churches in this country or, for that
matter, anywhere.
Members of the two denominations
have pointed out that the Importance
Of this merger is not to be measured
solely by the number Of persons in
volved, or the relative Importance Of
the parties to it. This Is the first time
they say, that two large and self-suf-
f1cient church groups, with neither for
mer connections nor church history In
common, have voluntarily elected to
merge for the sake of reducing tht
number of denominations practicine
and spreading the teachings Of Christ
In addition, the plan of union, plar
which was developed after some years
of effort on both sides, Is such thai
it offers an avenue by which Other
to draw closer together:
Individual Churches Independent.
This plan is one which has already
attracted much attention among all
churchmen who are interested in the
cause of church unity. In essence,
while it brings the general admins
tration of the two groups under one
body, it leaves the individual churches
as they were before, free to govern
themselves and to continue to worship
either as Christians or Congregational
lists, or both.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24

the revenue will yield nothing.
" you make the criminal code
sansuinary, juries will not con-
Wet"
I read recently a book on the
gangs of Chicago. II contained
an appalling list Of murders for
which the law has secured no
convictions. But few of the
guilty are now alive. The nat
ural destroyer Of the gang is the
gang. \
A wise old friend OF mine told
me that he wasted years OF his
life in worrying about the pos
sibIs destruction Of his garden
and trees by pests. The gypsy
moths came and ate. The grass
hoppers came and laid waste.
Finally came the army worms,
threatening to consume every
leaf and blade of grass.
What happened? The army
worms became 80 bad that there
was not food enough. Hence,
they were undernourished and
died, without laying any eggs.
And the next year there were
no army worms.
y 4 X
take much comfort in this
story. ! do not mean to suggest
that we should sit supinely by
and allow wrongs to get so bad
that they correct themselves.
We should whoop it up for
Righteousness and take q poke
at evil.
X u X
But les good to know that,
after all, we have n mighty
helper. The law OF balance 10 on
our side. The eonqusror Of every
army worm 10 the army worm.
Ie2s.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-24
RY HENRY w. BUM.

HE following is a brief summary
Of the most important news OF
l the world for the seven Gays
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-01-11
MOON IS NOT SOLID
Science Learns 1t Is Com
posed of Porous Subject.

By Science Service
PASADENA, CAL, Jan. 11.-What-
ever the moon consists of, it is some
very porous material similar to vol
canic ash on the earth, and not at
all like any solid rock of which we
know.
This was the announcement made
by DR.. Paul S. Epstein of the Cali
fornia Institute Of Technology,
using data furnished by measure
ments of the moons temperature
during recent lunar eclipse by DR..
S. B. Nicholson and DR.. Edison Pet
tet of the Mt. Wilson observatory
A mathematical expression OF the
way the moon cooled when it en-
tered the dark shadow of the earth,
and so received no heat from the
sun, gave the value Of 100.
DR.. Epstein made similar meas
urements in the laboratory of the
cooling of various materials. Granite
gave value of sixteen, which meant
that it cooled more slowly.
Basalt gave twenty-four, and
quartz sand f1fty-eight. Pumice
stone, however, gave values of be-
tween 100 and 150 AS pumice is of
volcanic origin, this appears to be
new evidence in favor of past vol
canic action on the moon, which
may have formed the craters.