New Britain herald., 1929-03-14
VATICAN WILL NOT
 UNITE WITHLEAGUE
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(Continued from First Page) having equal force with civil mar riages now. he says, and he acknowl- edges ecclesiastical jurisdiction in divorcea and annulments when mar riage was by religious ceremony.
 The premier says he considers the financial settlement between the gov ernment and the Vatican as ex. tremely advantageous to the state and he lauds the Pontiff for his faith in Italian government securi- ties.
 Fascism is credited with having created q new state of mind through which formula for reconciliation was more easily found than in tn, time of Camille Cavour whose motto was . free church in a free state The premier says that the rigid prin, ciple of separation Of church and state has undergone numerous tenn. pcrings and exceptions.
 Italy . Catholic State
 Long before the signing of the treaty Feb. II, the premier says Fascism made Of Italy an essential Catholic state, the crucifix being re- stored to school house walls and court rooms, and civil holidays be- ing made to coincide with those ot the church.
 The premier denied that the trca- fy seeks to revive institutions ol other times incompatible with the spirit of modern civilization which the church ''has demonstrated itself about to understand its admirable spirit of adaptation"
 He denies also there will b any suppression of other seCts, or = the religious liberties of Protestants ol Agnostics.
 Tho report concludes with the statement that the treaty and con. cordat open new era of histor. for the church and Italy which will be focun1 in its benefits for the moral elevation of the Italian peo- pie.
 "I'ainfui situation"
 After recapitulating various phas- es Of the question since 1881 the premier said that the pope, mot having accepted the law Of guara IT, tees tdesigned 10 define his status after formation of the Italian king oom). created a. painful situa'jo. which was at times dangerous, The head of the church recognized noit her the kingdom, nor the capital or united Italy"
 There were vicissi,udcs of various kinds. but the juridcal position never changed. he added. The Hoi, Se" always proclaimed the claw oi guarantees had not solved and could not solve the problem Of visible and ef"ctiv" sovereignty of the supreme pontiff." Nevertheless the low ol guarantees although inefficient with regard to the relations between 1tal, and the Holy See created kind ot Ge tacto sovereignty Of the Holy Sec
 Indeed said the premier, the law Of guarantees proclaimed the at tributes Of sovereign powers 10 the supreme power of the pontiff such as sovereign honors, authorization b keep an armed force at the Vat ican, even of foreign nationality, foi his defense. inc right of accreditins his representatives abroad and hay ing foreign representatives accrcdit- cd 10 his person.
 In conclusion. he said the law oI guarantees created three fourths sovereignty dc jure and one fourth de facto' since on Vatican terri tory where the popes have remained ever since 1870, the Italian govern. mcnt never exercised any act of its own sovereignity
 "Not Door But Frontier
 'The bronze door at the entry tC the Vatican was never stepped ir by any Italian official or by any premier added. Tt was not the en- trance to palace, but was the iron. tier of a state"
 The Italian government in power in 1870. Mussolini continued. did moi intend to remove the pope from
 
 Pope Leo 1N>the city, but the Hol, See refused, while in the present negotiations the Vatican territory was reduced to minimum by ex- press desire of the pontiff.
 During negotiations conducted from 1926 to 1929 the Holy Se' never asked an outlet to the sea corridors or other complicated ter. ritorial amplifcations. At first tn. Vatican asked the Villa Doria Pamphili with territory between the Vatican gardens and Villa, totallne Slo acres. but this request was not granted or was granted only in case the Vatican should recognize tn. sovereignty Of the Italian state by