davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
BOARD TO RULE
ON FLETCHER
BUY THURSDAY
Park Chiefs UnfavorabIe;
0. K. North Meridian
Street Paving.

The park board will decide next
Thursday whether to side with It's
president, John E. Minor, against
purchase of the 452-acre Fletcher es-
tate or accede to the wishes OF
Mayor L. Ert Slack and acquire the
property.
Mayor Stacks letter recommend
ing purchase was read TO the board
Thursday, as was Minors report
that the city was financially un-
able to buy until next year. The
general attitude of the board was
unfavorable to the purchase at this
time.
A resolution to pave North Merid-
ian street from the canal to KesSler
boulevard was confirmed, providing
public use Of an expensive canal
bridge. which has been useless for
years. The street will open through
the property of DR.. H. H. Wheeler
a proposed north side park site.
Two $1,000 contracts for banc
concerts to be given in city parks
this summer we're awarded to VIII
liam S. Mitchell. director of Indian
apolis Military band. and Herman
Arndt. Schedules will be arranged
by R. Walter Jarvis, superintendent
of parks.
Efforts to increase the budget FOL
music from $2,400 to $4,000 was
made by Delbert 0. Wilmeth, who
is carrying his plea to the mayor
ard city council.
Installation of lights on Pleasant
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
COLLEGE Boy
BANDITS STAY
DRUGGIST, FLEE
Chicago Hunts Pair Clad in
SIiCkerS Riding in Wise
Cracks Auto.
BpLpifcdPr,-s

b. frtfrd PTf+s
CHICAGO. June %. Two college
boy bandit clad in decorated rain
coats and riding IN a stripped auto
mobile bearing the newest wise
cracks were hunted on the west
size .cday as the slayers Of George
Sc1reincr druggist
Scbrcincr died in a hospital few
hours after nc was shot Thursday
night b. the collegiate pair who held
him up after asking for bottle Of
patent medicine.
Schrcincr. believing he saw a
chance to escape. made a dash for
the front door. but both youthful
bandits fired and he va wounded
By several bullets.
Barehcadcd their yellow slickcr5
impcdinc thar escape. the youths
le5ped into their automobile and
fed.
The druggist lived long enough to
ten The story Of thc holdup He died
on the operating table.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
LEGAL BATTLE RESULTS
IN COURT FIST FIGHT
Two Men Stage Combat; Held for
Assault and Battery

The first fight became the last
today when two men we're to appear
in municipal court on assault and
battery charges as result OF a
physical combat that preceded a
court battle in superior court five
Thursday afternoon.
Elmer Burns, 81, of 1903 South
eastern avenue and Claude S. Mont
gomery. 30, OF 2032 East Washing
ton street. fought on the third floor
of the courthouse Thursday after
noon until they we're separated by
spectators. Burns was suing Mont
gomery's sister Dorothy for an an
nulment of their marriage and the
alteration arose as a result of sew
cral previous arguments.
The men struggled around the
hallway and fell through door, the
glass Of which was knocked out, cut
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
GIVES HEALTH RULES
Morgan Advises Against
Dieting and Worry,

While the world is fast losing its
head over dieting. exercise, low back
dresses and heat, DR.. Herman G.
Morgan. health board secretary. sits
at his desk in the city hall and
smiles at the much ado about
nothing"
People aren't willing to trust ma
ture," says the doctor. People
appetiteS are the best regulators Of
what they should eat Men instinc-
lively eat about the right balance in
FOODS"
Dieting is about the same he
continued. People try to undo in
two weeks the work of years. But
nature isn't that way. Worn-out
bodies, heart trouble, and 1abby
faces are usually results of bucking
nature.
Worrying is slow death; it
doesn't pay. Take life a little easier.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
DISCOVER ANESTHETlC

Discovery OF new anesthetlc,
called ethyocaine borate, is attrlb-
uted DR.. Harold T, Daley, form
erly of Indianapolis, now instructor
in oral surgery and pharmacology
in the dental school Of Northwest
ern university. and two other mem
bers of the faculty, in dispatches
from the university.
1t was said the anesthetic has
been used successfully on approx
mately one thousand patients in the
dental school clinics.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
CAR VICTIMS RITES SET

Funeral services for Fred Eaglin,
., Of 5347 West Washington street.
who died Thursday from injuries
received i'm an automobile accident
Wednesday afternoon, will be held
al 2:30 p. m Saturday at tho Shir-
ley Brothers west side chapel. POOP
West Michigan street. Burial will
be in Crown Hill cemetery.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES :

Run boulevard from Meridian to
RAYMOND streets was confirmed,
Warren Cakes urged the board 10
begin work this summer on the bou-
leYard and golf course at Dearborn
park.
Upon a recommendation Of r,
Walter Jarvis. concerts will be given
at public Fairgrounds one afternoon
and night by Christensen School
OF Music orchestra, Junior melody
BOYS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28

Names OF mcmbcrs OF the team
raising the largest subscription
in the Elks rchnancing campaign
Will be engraved on the cup pic
turcd here to repOse in the trophy
room Of the clubhouse. Ralph l..
Colby. Of the Franklin Insurance
Company. is the donor Of the cup.
James c. Gribben. team cap
tain. has offered a $50 strap watch
to the captain or team member
whose individual total subscrip-
tions arc greatest for the entire
campaign
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-06-28
JUNE Is, 19ss-

they went back to superior court
and the Judge denied the annui
ment
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
CARDINAL MAY
0FFICIATE At
ROYAL WEDDING
Suggested by King Victor
to Unite Humbert,
Marie Jose.

BIZ United Prose
ROME, Nov. 21.-Vincenzo. Car
dinall Vannutelli may officiate at
the wedding of Crown Prince
Humbert and Princess Marie Jose of
Belgium. it was said today in we'll
informed circles.
King Victor Emanuel was re-
ported to have suggested the
Cardinal, because of his strong
support of the Cancellation between
state and church.
The crown prince will remain as
commander of his infantry regiment
after the wedding. making it
necessary for him to live at Turin.
The couple were understood to have
planned a honeymoon at the royal
lodge at San Rossore, where their
romance bIossomed several years
ago.
The prince will present Marie Jose
with a ring which has been in the
possession of the house of Savoy
for more than a century. 1t was
worn by Victor Emanuel l, when he
resigned as king of Sardinia in
1902. 1t is a large ruby, in an
antique setting.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
New Club House Assured

ANDERSON. Ind, Nov. 21.-
Members of the Anderson Country
Club have pledged more than
enough to pay a mortgage, clearing
the way for an expansion program
to be started next spring. A new
$4,000 clubhouse will be erected
and the golf course will be en-
larged from the present 9-hole lay
out to Is holes. Ground necessary
for the expansion has already been
purchased. Glenn w. Gates, preSi-
dent, has called a meeting of direc-
tors for Monday night when an
architect will be employed to pre-
pare plans for the clubhouse.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
COUNTY TO Get
SHARE IN ROAD
IMPROVEMENTS
Widening, Paving Recruiting
Slated for Routes
Serving City.

Marion county will come in for
81 500, 600 in state road improve
ments in the 1890 program. Director
John J. Brown announced following
a conference Wednesday afternoon
With a county delegation and state
highway commissioners.
improvements include widening
Of state Road 40, the National
road. from the west boundry of In
dianapolis to the Marion Hendricks
county line; re-routing state Road
81, north of the city; taking Three
Notch road south Of the city into
the state system and adding several
miles Of pavement and paving a
spur to intersect with tsate Road
81. at Franklin.
The commission likely will favor
taking the road from indianapolis
to Noblesville into the state system
also, Brown stated.
Chairman Albert J. Wedeking Of
the commission told a delegation
from the Hoosier Motor Club, head
ed by Frank Hatfield and Lloyd D.
Claycombe, that the proposed circle
urban route around the city is i'll
Guided in commission plans. but will
not be in the 1880 program. Brown
predicted that this route may be
completed within the next four
years
Rerouting Of road No. 81 will
eliminate several dangerous curves
around White river, near Broad
Ripple, and avoid crossing the
Union Traction company tracks at
College avenue and the canal at
Broad Ripple A second crossing
will be eliminated north of Carmel.
A proposed overhead structure
would eliminate a Monon railroad
crossing at Carmel.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
TALK COUNTY EXPENSE
Appropriations Totaling $4,000 Are
Before Council.

Appropriation of expense items
totaling about $4,000 for several
county governmental units will be
considered b ythe county council
when it goes into session Dec. 2 for
the fifth time this year, County
Auditor Harry Dunn announced
today.
Unites to which the appropria-
tons probably will be allowed, in
each instance for current expenses,
are the auditors Office, county
sheriffs Office, witness expense fees
in several county courts and repair
items for hte county poor farm and
the Colored Orphans home.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
MORE SUITS PROTEST
COSTS OF WIDENING
-Four New Actions Bring Sixteenth
Street List Up to "a.

Four additional suits protesting
damages awards and appealing from
assessments in the proposed widen
ing of Sixteenth street from North
western avenue to Delaware street,
we're on file today in circuit court.
About twenty suits previously have
been filed.
Damages Of $4,000 are asked by
trustees of the Hall Place NJ. E.
church on behalf of the church.
William A. and Helen F. Brennan
and H. S. Crowder. property owners
at Talbot and Sixteenth street, de-
mand SIS 900 damages.
Other plaintiffs who ask no dam
ages, but who are protesting
amounts Of assessments, are the In
dianapolis Propylaeum and the Ma
tional Investment Company, each
the owners of several lots in Six
tenth street.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
ANOTHER CHARGE FILED
Fraud Defendant Seeking New Trial
Faces More Trouble.

BIZ Times Special
ANDERSON, Ind, Nov. 21.-More
trouble is piling up for Harry M
Goldberg, Detroit theater promoter,
as a result of his attempt to evade
a sentence of from ore to seven
years in the Indiana reformatory
for his part in defrauding Harry
Muller, local theater man, in con-
nection with a new local theater
enterprise.
Prosecuting Attorney Oswald
Ryan has filed an additional charge
against Goldberg alleging he fraud
ulently obtained architectural Serv-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
Hernorrhoid
Sufferers
Pile Misery Ended Without Cutting.

You can only get quick, safe and
lasting relief by removing the cause
congestion of blood in the lower
bowel. Nothing but an internal
remedy can do this-that's why cut
ting and salves fail. DR.. Leonhardt's
Rod, a harmless tablet, is
guaranteed to quickly and safely
Danish any form of Pile misery.
Hooks, Walgreen's and druggists
everywhere sell Hem-Roid with a
money-back guarantee.-AdvertiSe-
ment.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
TITLE MEN IN ELECTION
NJ. Y. Dinwiddei, Crown Point
Named President at Convention.

NJ. Elmer Dinwiddie, Crown Point
was elected president of the Indiana
Title Mems Association, at its
twenty-fourth annual convention
Wednesday at the Claypool
Other officers chosen were: Or
vile Stevens, mayor of Angola. sec
rotary and treasurer, and H. f
Stonecipher, indianapolis, vice
president.
Association members and their
wives we're entertained Wednesday
night at the annual dinner in the
hotel.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
HOLDUP MEN GET SIS
Filling Station and Grocery Are
Robbed by Negroes. d.

Police today sought Negro band
its who held up a grocery and fill
ing station Wednesday night, escap-
ing with about SIS.
One Negro covered Walter KEEP
linger, Greenfield. attendant at a
Shell station at Blake and Michi-
gan street, with gun, and took
SIS. While police emergency
answered Keplinger's alarm, a
Kroger grocery at 1245 North Sen
ate avenue, of which Ora House
field, $50 West Twelfth street, is
manager. was robbed of $50.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21

What goes on behind the scenes
of Hollywood! Christopher Somers
tells all in dramatic story OF hand
some movie star. mis- leading lady and
their director. lis called King of Her
Heart" Don't miss IL
When a wealthy young man poses
as a taxi driver-thines are bound 10
happen. And they do IN diane 7 axes
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
How To Solve You,
Love Problems

CUPPOE you fell in love with
~ married uaan-vhaf would YOU
dol Suppose your sweetheart LETT
you because of jealousy and mis-
understanding - bow could you
win him bsckf
Thee are the kind OF problems
dat Laura Aston Brown answers
every week for hundreds of men
ard women in her helpful depart
he Friend in Need"
Mu- Browns advice will help
you TO find the way out OF all your
love proAems- Hes sympathetic
guidance vill show you how TO
secure perfect harmony and under
scaoding. Have you quarreied with
the one You Lowell Do you want
% make yourself populsr-more
.sSr2cfivel Whatever problems are
worrying ycu-Laura Alison Brown
Is ready 10 aid you AZ all times
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
Other Fascinating Stories in NOV. 23rd Issue

a Taxi" This exciting story will hold
you enthralled to the very end
You'll enjoy "She Was the Boss"
molly the Matchmaker, Cupid Fighn
d FIVE, ""Penvy Pride, ""OnAppuvdl"
also 'sSpamp Flo~er" and The Gil
Who had Ever5thing''-tw sensational
serial novels by Vivian Grey and
Elizabeth York Miller. Many features,
poems, articles.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21

ices from E. F. Miller, local archi-
tect. This charge will be pressed, it
was said. if Goldberg is allowed to
withdraw his plea of guilty and is
given a new trial on the first
charge.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-11-21
Winners in Prep Step

Betty Jane Wolfe,
1854 West Fiftieth
street, and Milton
Heller, 5766 North
Pennsylvania,
winner of The
indianapolis
s-Indiana
Roof Ballroom
Prep Step con-
test, will appear
at the Indiana at
every performance
next week, start
ing Friday. The
prep Step" was
taken from the
picture, "Sweetie, "
which will be
playing in
the theater at the
same time.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
AUTO AND FIRE
TRUCK COLLIDE
San Benito Police Chief
Escapes Injury As
Car Is Wrecked
Ispeclal 10 The Herald.l

SAN BENTTO. Dec. 20.-Chief Of
police J. L. Water narrowly es-
capped serious injuries here Thurs
day night when he ran into the
eide OF a fire truck answering q
call east Of San Benito on the
Brownsville highway. The front
end Of Waters car was demolished
but he was uniniured in the coils
sion, in which o. o. hurry, a fire.
mar riding on the side Of the
truck. suffered one broken leg and
sprains to the other.
Chief Of the fire department. Ira
Tedder, who vas also riding on the
fire truck. was slightly injured, his
leg being painfully twisted
According to Chief Waters. he
was clearing the streets for pass
z OF the fire truck. but was un-
able TO see 1t because Of heavy traf-
fic and hit the truck at a street
intersection.
hurry probably will be removed
to the Valley Baptist hospital to-
day.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
SENATE DRYS
BEGIN DRIVE
Law Enforcement Study
Attacked BY Glass
And George

WASHINGTON. Dec. 2o.-tR-
Some senate drys began a drive to-
day to force an early report on open
hearings by President Hoover's law
enforcement commission.
Two democratic drys-Senators
Harris, Geo. ia. and Glass. Virgin
ia-gave notice that mot another
dollar win be appropriated to the
commission unless it submits some
sort OF report on It's first eight
months OF work.
Senator Glass. author Of the
$25O. 900 fund for the commission.
charged the commission had
"shunted aside the original purpose
Investigation Of prohibition"
Senator Harris said every enc
my Of the prohibition bill wants TO
keep the commission there" with
out any report. he said he would
propose an amendment to the next
bill appropriating money for the
commission requiring 1t to have
open hearings.
However. II was another dry
Senator Jones. republican. WASH
ington. who blocked action today
on the resolution Of Senator Harris
requesting President Hoover TO have
the commission submit a prelimi-
nary report to the senate to be used
in connection with dry law enforce
ment appropriations.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
II Fog-B Bound Ships
Move AS Mist Lifts

NEW YORK, Dec. 20-tP)- "A
fleet Of n ships. fog bound from L.
10 a hours. moved IN and out OF
New York harbor with safety to-
day as a west wind dispelled the
dense curtain Of mist which had
hung along the coast for days.
Fifty OF the vessels were incom-
ing. Among them were a half dozen
transatlantic liner, which had been
anchored. fearful to proceed TO their
piers in the fog that was respon-
sEble Wednesday for the sinking Of
the liner Port Victoria.
The Sunken liner, lying on her
side across part Of tA.-s channel with
Fart OF her hulk awash. vas another
menace which kept shipping motion
less.
Among the incoming vessels to-
day was the crippled Clyde liner
algonquin, which rammed the Fort
Victoria. For tEo nights and a day
the crippled liner lay anchored
near the Ambrose llghtship. unable
10 proceed with her l89 passengers
for Miami and Galvest and also
helpless TO return TO her pic.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
BROWNSVILLE MAN CLAIMS
SEASONS HARD LUCK TITLE

receiver from the hook and called
the guardians OF the city. Get a
man out here as soon as you can"
he ordered. Dirty bunch Of thieves.
He'd show EN-.
Then a lightning-like thought al
most paralyzed him. He remember
ed the hootch 49, his Christmas
hootch. 1t was back there ferment-
ing in that big crock. The coppers
would look over the house TO see
what had been stolen. They already
were on the way.
Something had to be done quick
". He did it. He dumped his
Christmas cheer in the kitchen
sink.
The police were given a cheer
full smile and were shown all over
the house graciously. After stock
Of the stolen goods was taken, the
victim found his lost hootch was
worth more than the small trinkets
taker. by the burglars.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
SUMMARY

BarCmetric pressure was sun Ia
Their high this morning from the
Canadian Northwest 10 the GuN OF
Mexico. attended by unseasonaoly
low temperatures and mostly fau
weather practically throughout the
regions under the influence OF the
thigh" which includes practically all
or the eastern states also. Suozero
temperatures prevailed in the nor
~ central states and below freezing
temperatures to the Gulf coast again
except from Corpus Christi south
ward. Light precipitation occurred
within the last "a hours In the Tar
northwestern states and In the re-
rion of the Great Lakes and the
Ohio Valley.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20

Continued from page ~
SON. who had travelled thousands OK
miles IN the plane. known as one
of the best in the army.
Had Three Motors
The most direct account OF the
crash was given by Lieut.. Leland
s. Stranathan. who said the craft
had reached an altitude of at least
800 feet and was over the far south
end W the field when h started to
turn to the left. Then for some
reason 10 swerved and dived.
Mechanics at b ling field said
the big plane warmed up perfectly
before II started C It's journey. The
machine was not fully loaded and
army officers believed IL could have
continued on two n 1turs if only one
had failed.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
COURT HITS
FULL STRIDE
Four Judgments Are Taken
I'm Pre- Holiday
Hearings

Four judgements were taken. three
cases passed. two reset and q motion
10 Quash sustained aS the civil dis
trict court got into fun stride Fri
day morning.
With q large docket before II. the
court In clearing away as many cases
ms possible before recess ts taken
for Christmas holidays.
I'm the suit OF the First National
Bank rs. Kennedy. judgement for the
plaintiff vas RrarNd and the sale
OF collateral pledge ordered. The
American Land Company OF Texas
was given judgement against II. y.
kut1enberger, et al. The First Ma
tionla Bank obtained judgement
against T. p. Walton and cloud re-
moved from property under cOnsi-
deration. The fourth judgement was
given "A. B. Hoffman III his suit
against W. a. FARRELL.
Attorneys for the Valley Devel-
opHent company, defendants III suit
on note filed by ARIEL knight, en-
tered n motion 10 QuaSh citation.
The motion was sustained BY Judge
a. M. Kent and the cause continued.
The case Of Joe Clark VS.. A. e.
HouSinger. ct nj. was reset for Feb.
while the divorce hearing between
Mahalia Shurts VS.. Huston Shurts
was moved up to Jan. 2.
Suits on call for Saturday include:
III. III. Harding vs.. Pedro zavaleta,
ct al; Hall IS McCarty motion to
dismissl. Valley Development COM
pany vs.. McCarty tmotion to dis
missJi Modesto "A. Alvarado vs. Jose
Alvarado. w. j. Lang w. Ledbetter:
lssac Gallob vs.. Rachel Gallob; W..
w. Underwood, trustee. vs.. Anasta-
clio Garcia, Ct al: Archer VS.. Nor
ris' Catarino X. Garcia VS.. Gumecin-
do Casanova.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
COURT HOLDS

Continued from page -
the regular county officials, most
Of whom were seeking reelection
what was known as the admin.
istration ticket" with numerous
derelictionS. including squandering
and waste of county funds. and
pledged the voters that ~ elected
he would immediately convene a
grand jury and direct II to investi-
gate the financial condition of the
county and would endeavor 10 Sc
cure an audit of the county books.
Several Rangers N,re on duty
around the polling place on cleo
ton day.
Election Legal
The opinion. written by Assist
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
Fines Levied

Two people were fined by Justice
of the Peace ID. IL. Cain Thursday
afternoon for disturbing the peace
and using abusive language. The
man was assessed $i4.95 while the
woman drew STATS. The fines we're
paid.
Arrests yer made BY w. w. Mill
ar. deputy constable
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
New Trial Necessary
To Protect Balm Man

DETROIT, c. 20-tP- Unless
a new trial Is granted by Judge
Homer Ferguson. a Judgment against
John II. Castle for $450.000 will be
entered after % days in favor OF
Miss Bertha Cleavenger IN accord
snce with a jury's verdict yester-
day in her $500 breach Of pro-
mise suit.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-12-20
Wreck Victim To
Be Buried Friday

HARLINGEN. Dec. 20.-Funeral
services for Ralph +. Bradshaw. 20,
who was killed when his a over
turned Thursday on the highway
near here, are to be held Friday al
$50 a. m. The Rev. M. o. Ewing,
pastor Of the Christian church. will
officiate at the rites. ThompSon's
mortuary is in charge Of funeral
arrangements.