davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23

ers. The Communist Party is lead
ing the struggle of the workers
everywhere.
The 206 delegates to the second
annual national convention of the
National Textile Workers Union
here represented 100000 sympathetic
workers in the decisive sections of
the textile industry. Most of the
delegates came from the largest
mills.
The largest single delegation was
the American workers from the
Southern textile mills. A cross-sec-
ton of the nationalites in the textile
centers were represented at this con-
vention. There were Hindus, Ne
groes, Portuguese, Americans, Slavs,
Lithuanians and Bohemians.
Over $4,000 workers participated
in the N.T.W.U. elections of dele
gates to the convention.
Mill locals sent 125 representa-
tives to this fighting convention.
General locals sent 20 delegates, and
Iunorganized workers, rs.
Over 10 of the largest mills in
the country were represented by
worker delegates, spread over 80
cities in IL states. Most of the
cities from which the workers came
are places in which the largest tex
tile factories are located.
The states represented are: Rhode
Island, three cities; New Jersey,
three cities; Massachusetts, seven
cities; Pennsylvania, six cities; Con-
necticut, two cities; North Carolina,
seven cities; Tennessee, two cities;
Georgia, two cities; South Carolina,
two cities; Maryland, one city; Vir-
ginia, one city; Delaware, one city.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
GANG WORK AT GEMMER MFG.
a PLANT SLICE OF HE'LL.
lBy q Worker Correspondent

ADY q w OBJECT COTTeSpOBu6UC)
DETROIT, Mich.-Editor Know
ing from my own experience that
your paper states the absolute facts
relative to the shameful labor con-
ditions that actually do exist here
in the city, I therefore would APP
preciate saying a few words re-
garding the last place in which l
was employed.
This company which is none other
than the Gemmer Manufacturing
Co. worked me nearly four days for
which was paid the miserable rate
Of 44c an hour gang work. After
which time the foreman had the CUTS
to try and tell me I was not work.
ing fast enough. If such was real
lyl the case on my part then my
definition of the term gang work is
nothing other than hell and to my
estimation that is expressing it very
mildly.
The question is, what will the con-
ditions by ten years from now if
labor continues to be bluffed by the
capitalists AUTO WORKER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
African Negro Workers Rise
Against British Imperialism
Nigeria in Open Revolt Capetown Protest Oppression;
Negroes Form Trade Union at Gambia; Lever Combine
Forbids Workers Joining Union; Gurts-Davis Com
pany of Jersey and Massachusetts, Same
Exploter AS in Africa

Dispatches from both West and
South Africa indicate the broad
scope of the revolt only beginning
to sweep through the Negro masses
OF the continent against imperialist
oppression and murderous exploita-
ton. The spirit is new one, and
though the Nigerian women were
shot down at Opobo a week ago, it
was not before they had taken the
offensive and tried to wrest the
rifles from the Royal West African
Force, and the general wave of re-
bellion that swept all Nigeria and
extended clear to Capetown, driving
the imperialist gunner into the
atowns to take the defensive, clearly
fshows rising movement.
In Gambia, which lies just west
Sof Nigeria on the south coast of
British West Africa, the recent for
nation Of trade union center at
Bathurst, the capital, was banned
by the great British imperialist COR
poration, the Lever Margarine
combine"
The Bathurst Trade Union is COM
posed principally of clerical workers
engaged in the African trade of the
Lever corporation, which exploits
the Negroes Of much of Africa and
certainly of Gambia, by dealing in
cocoanuts and cocoanut oils, used in
making edible oils, such as marga-
rine and for soap products.
Only two months after the union
was formed, says the Labor Research
Department of London, England, the
Lever-Margarine Combine, Messrs.
Palmine, Ltd, gave their workers
a sudden notice to quit the union
within three days or be fired. The
protest made by the Labor Research
Department to Levers London Of
flee, was answered with a Supercili-
Gus remark that the company was
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
u. S. Dollar Below Par
in Sweden, Losers Find

Stockholm dispatches show Amer
leans, who think the value of their
dollar is fixed for all eternity, that
such is not the case. The 1919 loan
of $25,000,000 at six per cent from
American bankers is being redeemed.
Only it happens that some of the
bonds are held by Swedes who pur-
chased them through the American
banker promoters. But now it also
happens that the American dollar is
at discount in Sweden, and the
Swedish holders are losing money
on their investment in spite of the
six per cent interest they get.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
Workers! This Is Your Paper!
FORD LAYS OFF MEN, HOLLERS
PROSPERITY"
(By a Worker Correspondent


DETROIT (By MaiD While the
capitalist papers carry big headlines
Of wage increases for Ford en-
ployees, it is certain that these same
"news" sheets will not say one word
of the firing that is taking place
every day at the River Rouge plant
of the Ford Motor Co.
A couple of days after the con-
ference that President Hoover had
with Ford and other industrialists,
an order was issued throughout the
entire plant here in Detroit, and
probably throughout the country, to
classify all employees into three,
and in some departments, four class
es, according to their ability. The
rumor that circulated through the
plant was that men of the third and
fourth class were to be laid off i'm
mediately and later, men in the sec
ond class were to be let go if bust
ness did not improve. However,
there was no noticeable firing of
the men until December 4, the day
after the wage raise announcements,
when a number Of workers were laid
off.
Previous to the Hoover confer
ence some twenty thousand men
have been fired at tie Rouge plant,
and the balance are working two
and three days a week. Others work
one week and lay off week. There
are some few'departments that work
six and seven days a week on the
new 1880 body model.
The lay offs prove to US that the
! prosperity" shouting of the big
bosses and the A. F. of L. is so
much bunk. Let's not be fooled by
it, but organize in the Auto Work
ers Union instead.
FORD WORKER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
BIG LAYOFFS IN STEEL MILLS
AROUND CHICAGO.
by a Worker Correspondent
Gary, Indiana.

Gary, Indiana.
To The Daily Worker:
The Illinois Steel Co., U. S. Steel
subsidiary, whose president made
the front page Of the capitalist
press with an interview on the Tex
pansion program" and general pros
perity of the company has laid off
between $500 and 5000 men within
the last few weeks at the Gary plant
alone. Even the employment officer
admitted that, in addition to all those
completely laid off, most of those
retained on the payroll work but
two or three days a week. At the
South Chicago plant of the same
company the employment officer,
after dispensing a crowd of hundreds
of unemployed steel workers, told
me that he hadn't hired Except to
replace men killed on the job in
over a month.
Every mill in Gary had laid off
from hundreds to thousands of work
ers, and workers at all these mills
report that they never know but
what they will go next. Men who
have been with the company for
years are just as liable to feel the
axe as comparative newcomers, and
most of these are still working on
a part-time basis.
The Metal Trades Industrial
League, part of the T.U.U.L., is
working to build up shop commit
tees from every department of the
MILK.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23

bord came and told some of the
defendants that they should not
have defended themselves, but
should have permitted the armed
thugs of the mill owners to arrest
them. Dawson and Weisbord both
stayed away from the South when
we were in Jail. They turned yell
low the moment they should have
been on the job"
1.-THE organization of the workers
in the South is on the basis of mill
locals. In the North we are lag
ging behind in this important step.
We must build mill locals. This is
the guarantee that our union is a
union of struggle in the mills, and
the guarantee that it remains a
union controlled by actual workers.
No official of this union can be
bigger than the union itself. The
moment any official develops such
an idea he must be removed and
you workers must do the removing.
Weisbord and other former officials
had this idea. Weisbord was a
friend of mine, as you all know.
But he is no longer friend Of
mine. l speak this way because no
one is friend of mine who gets
cross-ways with the line of our
union. And this is the way all of
us must feel and act"
Leon Josephson, chief counsel in
the Gastonia case, said: "The thing
that saved Fred Beal and the other
Gastonia defendants from the North
Carolina electric chair was not the
lawyers, but was the mass protest
of the workers of the world. The
Gastonia case turned the eyes of
the workers all over toward the
miserable conditions of the North
Carolina workers"
Dewey Martin and Clarence Mil
Ter supplemented the report on work
in the South. Martin Russak, or
ganizer of the N.T.W.U., spoke on
Organization and Strike Strategy"
The slogans decorating the hall
are the gist of the demands which
animate the second convention of
the N.T.W.U. They read:
"Hail the seven Gastonia defend
ant leaders in the class struggle;
An LID. Branch in every shop; De-
fend the Soviet Union against i'm
perialist attack; Workers, demand
the release of the seven Gastonia
defendants; Build Shop Committees
in every dye house; The Associated
Silk Workers is an A. F. of L.
fake outfit. Down with the betray-
ers! Fight against naturalization
and the war danger! Organize
against long hours; Build Shop
Committees in every mill; Don't
scab; Rally to the National Miners
Union Strike; Young Workers,
fight U. S. Imperialism; The N. T
w. U. organizes and fights for all
textile workers regardless of race
creed or nationality. Build the
Youth Sections. The N.T.W.U
fights for women textile workers
Down with child labor. We demand
the 500 minimum wage for young
workers. Build the workers defense
corps. Fight for the 40-hour week
Young textile workers, fight low
wages!"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23

revolutionary leadership to the tex
tile masses.
The Second National Convention
of the N.T.W.U. is more than a
convention of textile workers. 1t is
a Convention of Class Struggle and
is of the greatest significance, at
this period Of swiftly developing
crises in American capitalism, for
the development of the entire class
struggle in the United States. I'm
der the leadership Of the militant
trade union center of the American
workers, the Trade Union Unity
League, this convention will prepare
the textile workers for their great
tasks Of struggle.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-12-23
Macdonald, Liberals
and TOrie S Fight
J0bless Workers

LONDON, Dec. 22.-The social
fascist British "labor" party, led by
Macdonald, today passed its unem-
ployment bill, which does not pro-
vide for adequate relief. MacDon-
aid received the support of a num-
Der of liberals and reactionary
tories.
Maxton, in order to maintain the
illusion that he disagrees with Mac
Donald in his open espousal of the
cause of British imperialism, at
tackled the unemployment bill, Max
toms role is to try to keep the work
ers interested in the labor" party
for solution of their ills
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26

carries with it feature that will cause
it to appeal to the personnel. The pro-
posed new seats will have a value in
rights of roughly $137,500,000, or
about SIPS, 900 to each broker now hold
ing seat on the exchange. A little
over three years ago proposition to
increase the membership was over
whelmingly rejected by the exchange
but in that case the plan had no fea-
ture whereby the membership would
profit in any way from the increase. 1t
is therefore thought that the new pro-
posal will be approved.
This increase in membership is an
indication of confidence in the con-
tinuation of good times" If, as some
predict, the average daily turnover on
the exchange rises in few years to
ten million shares, memberships, even
at the higher figure will be we'll worth
investment. 1t is. of course, possible
that lean period may intervene, fol-
lowing sharp and protracted break
in the market, with a considerable
diminution of public buying. Then the
enlarged membership will not have
enough business to go around 1t is the
persistence of the unprofessional in
weston in stock buying that keeps this
market going. Should there be any
thing to cause a general curtailment of
orders Wall Street would be a COM
paratively idle place
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26
Scientist Sees Craters
On Face of the Moon
BY E. E. FREE. PHI. ID.

Another astronomer believes that he
has observed something happening on
the supposedly dead and airless world
of the moon-changes which can only
be ascribed. if they are real, to water
or volcanic vapors or some other emana-
ton from craters still not entirely ex-
tinct. M. G. Bidault de lIsle, an anna
teur astronomer, whose private observa-
tory at La Guette. France, contains an
excellent telescope approximately II
inches in diameter, watched a small
craterlet inside one of the great moon
craters, the one which earthly astron-
omers name Position. almost continue
ouSly between August, 1927, and Sep
TENDER, 1928. Sometimes this tiny
crater scarcely more than a mile in
diameter, appeared as clear and sharp
as are most of the visible features on
the moon. At intervals, however, M.
Bidault de lIsle was unable to see this
tiny craterlet at all, its site seeming to
be obscured by some kind of cloud or
mist. On few occasions, when the
sunlight fell on that part of the moons
surface at just the proper angle, the
supposed fog above the craterlet seemed,
M. Bidault, de rIsle reports, to be shin
ing by reflection, precisely as the top of
thin fog bank would shine on earth.
French astronomers are urging anna
teur observers everywhere to keep close
watch OF such small details of the
satellite, so that whatever is going on
Will have less chance of being missed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26
Einstein's New Theory.

Theoretical physics today is moving
too rapidly to be followed even by pro-
fessional mathematicians. Sir Oliver
Lodge admits that he was unable to
follow the argument before the Royal
Society of Prof. A. S. Eddington, director
of the Cambridge University Observa-
tory, on the nature of the electron And
Eddington himself, one of the keenest
intellects and clearest thinkers in this
field now living, said that his mind was
incapable of following his own equations
TO their logical conclusion without be-
coming mired in bottomless profundity.
Within the next few days the PruSsian
Academy of Sciences will publish a
paper by Albert Einstein which physi-
ciSts the world over expect to prove of
epochal significance. It will describe a
theoretical structure of the universe
from the very nature of which the
mysterious phenomena of gravity and
electricity are inevitable consequences.
The intellect will be able to follow
Einstein, but the imagination will not.
His theoretical structure of the universe
cannot be visualized and the great
majority Of men and women think only
in images. There are extremely few
persons in the world capable of thinking
purely in mathematical symbols without
Installation. Installation depends
Fundamentally on experience. The
imagination can rearrange and renter
| pref experience, but it cannot transcend
experience. The limits Of experience
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26
More Brokers Proposed.

So greatly has the business of the
New York Stock Exchange increased
during the past two or three years, and
especially in the year just closed, that
its resources have been very severely
taxed. The mere reporting of transac-
tons has become matter Of difficulty,
with many delays. Engineers have
worked on devices for the more prompt
and complete registration of sales and
purchases of securities, but despite i'm
provements in the procedure and mech
anlsm each days market, if especially
active, leaves an arrears of reports of
sometimes half an hour or more.
This, however, is not the only effect
Of the enormous growth of business on
the big board" The increase in trans
actions from two and three millions of
shares daily to four and five millions
has taxed the personnel of the ex-
change. A steady succession of four
and five million share days has demon
strated it is felt. that more members
are needed to carry on this big business.
So recently the governing committee
took up the question, and now reports
a recommendation of an increase in
membership from LOO to 1875, OF
twenty-five per cent. This proposal will
be laid before the exchange and voted
upon soon, and 1t Is expected that II
will be approved. For the proposition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

Jerusalem in the time of Solomon?-F.
A. j.
A. The principal articles of food of
the common people during the time of
Solomon were wheat and barley meal.
fish. lentils, olives and their oil, locusts
Ga species of insect, honey, figs. grapes.
mulberries. melons and peaches. Meat
was an article of luxury. the flesh of
goats being perhaps the most commonly
used. Swine, of course, we're altogether
forbidden as an article OF food
@. How long has Amelia Earhart been
hying?-G. c.
A. She has been flying since 1927,
has been more than 500 hours in the
air and travelled over $4,000 miles.
@. When was Washington, d. c., so
named?-M. w.
A. In September. 1901, Congress
passed an act naming the Federal dis
trict the District of Columbia and
giving the name OF Washington to the
city itself.
@. Why do they not have co-educa-
ton in Japan?-L. G..
A Many universities in Japan admit
girls as visitors" but not as fully ac-
credited students, because there are NJ
preparatory institutions which quality
girls for admission. The girl students
are not regarded as university graduates
even if they complete the regular course
with high standing. Girl students in
Toxic are making vigorous campaign
for Co-education both in universities and
preparatory schools throughout Japan.
@. Who invented coca cola and who
named it?-R. d. S.
A. DR.. J. S. Pemberton Of Atlanta,
Ca, was the originator of coca cola.
In 1886 he perfected the beverage and
put it on the market. An associate. F.
NJ. Robinson, suggested the name coca
cola.
O. In 1880 how manJ miles Of rail-
road were there in this country?-O. C.
A. There appear to have been less
than 80 miles. Within the following
decade about 5000 miles were laid.
O. Where IS Gene Stratton Porter's
Limberlost cabin?-F. NJ.
A. Limbarlost cabin was built on
Sylvan Lake near Eome City in the
northern part of Indiana.
G. When was the first ironclad ship
USed?-T w. G.
A. The first real srmored vessels were
the floating batteries used at the siege
of Gibraltar in 1877. France was the
first to produce a seagoing armored
ship. Four were commenced in 1858.
The first to be completed was the
Gloire. In 1851 the United States Con-
gress passed an act providing for ar
mored vessels. Under the provisions Of
this act the Galena, the New Ironsides
and the Monitor were built.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26

There is no other agency in the world
that can answer as many legitimate
questions as our free Information Blu
reau in Washington, D. C. This highly
organized institution has been built up
and Is under the personal direction of
Frederic j. Haskin. BY keeping in con-
slant touch with Federal bureaus and
other educational enterprises it is in a
position to pass on to you authorita-
tive information of the highest order.
Submit your queries to the staff of ex-
pertS whose services are put at your free
disposal. There is no charge except
2 cents in coin or stamps for return
postage. Address The Evening Star
Information Bureau, Frederic j. Haskin,
Director, Washington. D. c.
@. What class of mail is the most
remunerative?-G E. b.
A. First-class mail is the most re-
rnunerative. Second-clasS mail is the
least remunerative.
@. What was the first successful Vita
phone playa. M.
A. The first successful photoplay pro-
duced on the Vitaphone was Don
Juan" starring John Barrymore. 1t
was first shown at the Warner Theater,
New York City, August, 1927.
@. Where is the new waterfall that
is supposed to be the highest in the
world?-A. r. S.
A. According to a recent newspaper
account. the highest waterfall in the
world has been discovered on the French
Island of Nukuhiva, one of the largest
of the MarquesaS. 1t is estimated that
the water falls from a height of 1,16O
feet. Ordinarily the width is about
10 feet, but this is increased during
the rainy season. 1t is located miles
from the sea.
@. How many coffee berries can a
picker gather in day?-C. f.
A. The average daily amount gath
cred by each picker is three bushels.
@. Why was Pullman car named
after porter?-J. K.
A. A car was named for Oscar J..
Daniels, porter who was killed in
wreck on the D.. L. & W., after say
ing the lives of his passengers on June
16, 1925.
@. Are there rules for progressive
auction such as those for auction
bridge?-D. D.
A. The laws of auction bridge of the
Whist Club OF New York are in general
use in the United States. This club
has not formulated laws for progress
sive auction. The laws for the first
game are followed except as to scoring
and the playing Of rubbers. Several
auction experts include chapters on
progressive auction in their books on
bridge and suggest methods of pro-
erosion and scoring. Local custom
seems to govern to a great extent.
@. What were the principal foods in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-26
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
The Crystal Forest.

The Crystal Forest.
We sigh little as we say
That Fairy Land is far away,
Back in those hours of gentle mirth
When youthful fancy. ruled the earth.
With January comes a spell
Like that which served us once so we'll
The sleety spray on branches tossed
Is turned to jeweling by the frost:
And dormant boughs more beauty SHOW
Even than in the springtide glow.
With an enchantment ever new,
The Crystal Forest comes to view.
And maybe, as you doze and dream,
Old friends will more familiar seem,
AS COLLINS, Pixies, Gnomes and Elves
Haste hither to disport themselves,
Where prismed hues are on display
Through a Respondent Winter day.
In secret, we may turn to look
In some neglected fairy book,
Where children, who were very good,
Found rescue from a haunted wood.
1t is well worth the storm and snow
To see the Crystal Forest grow.