davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1929-03-26

with a cloudy grey sky; a light westerly breeze barely tempered the heavy oppressive atmosphere. But later the sun came out brightly. conuuering the earler clouds and mist and the day seemed perfect.
 Shortly before the cortege formed, however the heavy haze ohscured the sun again and a mist appeared over grey old Notre Dame. Gradual Iy il spread westward like an enor- nous pail and in the darkened at nosphere the lighted street lamps seemed more than ever like funeral torches.
 While millions lined the streets already cleared for the cortege there suddenly came from a little corner church modest funeral procession Of some very poor person WI-h an old hoarse and only hand fM of mourners. The little proces- sion moved slowly between the thousands along the very route where the greatest Of all France : funeral process.ous Was 10 pass a little later. II turned down mar
New Britain herald., 1929-03-26
W0RLD UN|TES IN
 LAST F0CH RITES
tContinued from First Pase)

shal was a ferNent disciple. TWO cardinals, II bishops and the papal nuncio as personal representative or Pope Plus. attended, but it was m keeping with the great soldiers Ih- nate modesty that the mass was said by humble priest. his per sonal friend and parish priest for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

| the primary place In the attention Of
| The MANAGEMENT. To do less Is econom-
| ically unfair not only to the plant in
particular, but to industry in general.
Conditions are desirable when business
Is proceeding steadily and normally
Bursts of overactivity are regularly
followed by spasms Of underactivity.
They serve the purpose OF the specu-
lator, but they do only harm to the
farmer, the manufacturer and the wage
Garner. Good times or bad times are
never the result Of the conduct OF any
one individual. They are the direct
consequence of the business behavior
of millions of us. II follows that this
problem will never be solved through
any one scheme or project. 1t will be
fully solved only when business actions
of the great majority Of us are CO.
ordinated so as to produce stability.
Fundamental Requirement.
The fundamental requirement that
conditions progress in that direction
is precise information of production
commodities, Of employment, part-time
employment and unemployment. To
my mind the Government could be Of
the greatest service II It would help the
business community study itself by pro-
viding 1t with more accurate informa-
ton and more complete information
than any we have yet made available
In season and out of season have
been pleading for more and better
economic information. Some progress
has been made. The objective makes
every effort worth while, for We must
try to keep the ship of industry on an
even keel and prevent the periodic
rolling which pitches millions of work.
erS into the angry waters of unemploy-
ment.
The brunt of the burden of stabiliz-
ing business will always have to be borne
by business ITSELF Nevertheless, it is
now quite generally recognized by those
who have studied this question that the
government has o very useful and sig
nificant function TO perform in the in
tensely humane undertaking to regularize
the stream Of business and employment.
In the bill which introduced In the
| United States Senate during the de-
preston Of the Winter OF 1927, I stated
the details OF such a program of Gov
eminent action throUEh the long range
planning of public works
Essence Of Proposal.
The essence of the proposal was
that the Government should ar
range its construction of public works
so as to provide employment dur
ing periods of depression. Although
the public is generally familiar with the
idea of utilizing Government construc-
ton as a means of mitigating serious
idleness, 1t Is not as fully acquainted
with the long-range plan which has
received the universal approval of Amer
lean economists and has been recon-
mended for adoption by the Senate COM
mittee investigating unemployment.
1t Is estimated that the Federal Gov
eminent, the States and the municipali-
! ties together spend every wear about q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

for the unfortunate persons who have
lost their savings and capital. But
after all, the prosperity of the country
as a whole depends not so much upon
the events of the past as upon the
efforts of the future. In our supplies
of raw material, in our factories and
in our capacity to think and work are
the true soil and seed of our prosperity.
These have not changed by reason of
recent market collapSes. They are still
capable of functioning in our behalf
provided we exercise reasonable in
genuity and foresight in preventing the
economic machinery Of the country from
running out Of killer.
Confidence Of People.
The greatest single asset possessed at
the present time by the American peo-
pie is their faith and confidence in
themselves and their hopeful outlook
on the future. BY that do not mean
that we shall walk the road to plenty
by simply feeling brave and being
thoughtleSs. Every member of the buSi-
ness community must soberly consider
the present situation and undertake to
discharge fully the responsibility which
1t imposes upon him. That is the way
of courage. Frankly, the danger to
be met is the ever present possibility
of unemployment. That must be
avoided at all hazards and at all costs.
Unemployment is dangerous because it
affects not only the man out of job.
but every other working man and
working woman. Unemployment is a
spreading disease. An idle man is
poor customer. Poor customers make
for accumulated stocks, cancelled orders,
curtailed production and more unem-
ployment 1t is a vicious circle from
within which 1t is difficult to escape.
Once formed 1t has a tendency rapidly
to grow and as it grows it engulfs ever
increasing numbers of wage earnerS.
An employed worker on the other
hand earning good compensation. rea-
sonably certain of his job, has the very
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

any advance planning on the basis Of
hindsisf1t. We must be able to make
reasonably certain business forecasts.
For that purpose 1t is necessary to Sc
cure statistics of business, or construc-
ton, OF employment and unemployment
that are far more precise than those
we now possess. &
Second-The plans should be drawn,
surveys made, engineering problems
solved for every Government protest
long In advance, so that when the 'ie-
preston threatens work can begin at
once.
Permanent Agency Needed.
Third-At least in the Federal Gov
eminent there must be permanent
agency specially charged with the re-
sponsibility of stabilizing employment
Such an agency would in the course
of time build up the information and
accumulate the wisdom necessary to
make a success Of this undertaking.
Fourth-No one branch of our Gov
eminent alone spends sufficiently to
make itself felt as a stabiliZer of en-
ployment. It is, therefore, essential
that the Federal. State and municipal
CONTINUED on Fifth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22
| business anc to minimize unemploy-

business anc to minimize unemploy-
Tnent.
Seven-year Study.
One investigator who has made q
thorough study Of the seven-year period
from 1919 to 1928 has come TO the con-
cllIsion that IF all Of the public con-
struction had been perfectly allocated
during these seven years the wages paid
thereon would have been sufhctent to
compensate for the losses incurred by
laborers in factory jobs" That means
that there would have been no depreS-
sion in 1921 and that literally millions
of wage earners would have been spared
untold losses and deprivationS. This
would have been accomplished without
the spending OF q single dollar for
public instruction in addition to what
had been expended. Long-range plan
ming does not mean building for the
sake of giving employment. 1t does
not obligate the Government to give
every one q job. It does not involve
the payment of a dole. The long-range
plan is concerned primarily with the
proper timing OF construction so as to
act as a balance wheel and stabilize
the business cycle.
The limitations Of the long-range
plan should be understood as clearly
as its advantages, otherwise there Is
bound to be disappointment and unjust
criticism. The construction of public
works can not solve every form of un-
employment. A waiter at a summer
resort expects his employment to term
mate on Labor day. No budgeting of
public building program can possibly
prolong the Summer season. Such a
problem has to be solved in other ways.
One company has met 1t by operating
both candy factory and q Summer
resort. During the Winter months 1t
expands its factory operations to give
employment to the hotel workers.
A Separate Problem.
The point wish to make is that pub
lie works cannot do awayswith seasonal
employment in specialized trades.
Neither can 1t prevent the displacement
Of man by a machine. musician
at moving picture theater who loses
his employment by reason of the in
stallatton of sound picture device can
not expect relief through the control
of the program of building public works.
That is a separate problem which is
becoming exceedingly serious and calls
for immediate consideration, but it is
not problem which can be solved
through the long-range plan. The only
type OF unemployment that can be
mitigated through the long-range plan
ming OF construction is that which
arises out Of the periodic ebb and flow
in business and In Industrial activity.
What need we to do to put long
range plan into operation is:
First-It Is plain that we cannot do
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

billion and a half dollars in the con-
struction Of roads, bridges, tunnels,
schools and other public projects. If
we could budget this expenditure OF one
and half billion dollars so that most Of
1t could be used during those years or
seasons when private industry was in
active we would be making q very sub
stantial contribution to the sterilization
or employment. In order to do so we
must be equipped in two essentials.
First: 1t Is necessary that we have
very precise information and statistics
10 enable us to make reasonable fore
casts whether during an approaching
season private enterprise will be active
or inactive. When the factories have
already shut their doors and millions of
unemployed tramp the streets in search
OF work it is already too late to apply
any out emergency measures. The most
desirable time for the government to
act is before the decline has become
serious. when the opportunity is still
open to use preventive measures and
restore public confidence II the action
OF the Government is to be prompt it
must be IN constant possession Of cur
rent information of business and en-
pioyment. That is fundamental.
Always IN Readiness.
Secondly: It is necessary that the
plans of the various Government pro-
lects be drawn and approved long in
ADVANCE so that work may start, at a
moments notice and without the loss
OF months of valuable time during which
mild recession in employment might
develop into a panic.
The question Is frequently asked of
me, How can the construction of public
works be of use to any workers except
those in the building trades? The an
SWer is that only small portion of the
cost OF building is spent for labor AT
the point OF construction, The large
balance Is expended for wood. steel
Dr1ck. cement and other materials nro.
duced by % different industries. The
workers In all of these receive the direct
oeneht OF such building program. The
indirect benefits are lust as real anS
are enjoyed on a Nation wide scale
A brlcklayer in Chicago working an .
government project may use mart of
ms pay envelope to purchase shoes for
his wife and children and therebv he
puts to work shoe operative in Boston
Similar illustrations NAV be muItinIiad
thousand times. What must not no
overlooked t, Is the psychological value of
lne Inauguration OF Government pro-
gram Wnen private enterprise slackens
~ DrlngS commence. 1t sets an example
VI acuVlty. IL acts as guide to large
telephones, gas and electric Companies
IN likewise planning their construction
programs Tor the purpose Of preventing
business recession. Every such program.
no maIter now small. helps to stabilize
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

and morale, or whether we look upon
It as one Of the groSsest forms Of in
tiustrial inefficiency and waste, the de-
termination must be made that It can
and will be eliminated.
Because we did not know how to pre-
vent unemployment We chose to be-
Ileve that it could not be prevented
We were in a similar frame of mind
about malaria until great American
showed that it could be eradicated.
The same will one of these days be
ACCOMPLISHED for unemployment, and
then a grateful people will wonder
that we permitted ourselves so long
to suffer The privation, the restitution
and the decentralization that enforced
idleness brings in its wake. I have
that trust in the capacity of our
people to master its difficulties, to solve
its problems, to overcome obstacles in
the way of a better and fuller life
that 4 have regularly maintained that
il only our attention could be focused
upon the problem a solution would
sooner or later be forthcoming. 1t
was such a motive that partly prompt
ed me to call for an investigation dur
ing the depression o. 1927.
One of First Results.
One of the results of that preliminary
investigation was that the Senate direct
ed one of it's committees to study the
question of unemployment and to re-
port It's findings and its recommended
tions., The most encouraging revela-
ton Of that committee was the uniform
success which had attended whole
hearted efforts by wide-awake manu-
facturers to solve their own individual
problems of the regularization of WORK.
It has been accomplished in such wide
ly different fields as the manufacture
of hats, the packing of tropical fruits,
the canning of tomatoes, the manu-
factJre of shoes. soap and paper tags.
In return for the effort to bring about
continuous operation-and it requires
constant application-the management
has In each case reported smaller
turnover of labor, greater etnciency,
lower overhead, greater DIVIDENDS.
happier executives, and more satisf1eo
employees.
There are few proposals for improve
ment of business that have so much to
commend them, which serve such a
large social purpose, and yet which lie
within the reach of every manufacturer
In the United States.
Responsibility Shirked.
The discouraglng fact brought out In
the same investigation was that so far
only handful of executives had felt
the urge to assume responsibility for
.egularity of employment in their plants
We must come to recognize that each
employer of labor is under moral
obligation and under a patriotic duty
to provide continuity of employment
to his workers. Wages must be paid
as regularly and as continuously as
rent and interest. The same thought
and ingenuity that are devoted to the
earning of dividends must be applied
to the provision of steady employment
Constancy of work should command
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22

opposite effect. He Is a good customer.
His purchases are the switches which
turn on the current Of production In q
thousand industries.
Duty Of Employer.
The moral OF the parallel which I
have drawn is that 1t is me duty of
every employer OF labor to continue to
maintain the purchasing power Of the
great masses Of people.
For hundreds of years people have
wondered and Speculated why 1t was
so difficult to keep industry steady. We
know that it is not. When business
starts to move upward 1t has tendency
to swing too far, to produce too much,
to expand unnecessarily and to develop
what Is commonly called a boom, which
necessarily collapses and business then
descends far below its normal level and
causes a slump. Industrial operation
is restricted, profits disappear, bank
ruptcy takes its toll and unemployment
is everywhere. This recurring situa-
ton is one with which every business
man is familiar and is generally called
the business cycle. 1t has come upon
us is times in the last 100 years. Until
quite recently 1t was believed that this
alienation of boom and slump, of
feverish activity and depressing idle
ness was inevitable. Many still regard
it as one Of the 1mmutable laws of
nature. II that were true 1t necessarily
meant that portion of our people were
regularly doomed to unemployment and
poverty. I could never subscribe to
such faith. I am unwilling to believe
that the same genius which has created
the remarkable industrial development
of the United States is incapable of
preventing and eliminating its greatest
defect.
Deficiency and Waste.
Whether we look upon unemployment
from the point of view of the idle man
deprived Of wages and the necessities
which they buy, deprived of his courage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22
MORRIS
BANK
Under SnbeYVisi0sp

Under SnterVisioss
U. S. Treasury
SThis Bank has made
over So thousand loans
aggregating nearly 9
millions of dollars to as
sist persons of character
to accomplish so me
worthyEpurpose.
Gin connection with the
loan the borrower agrees
to make monthly or
semi-monthly deposits
in a savings account
with which he may
pay the loan; thus the
borrower forms the
habit of saving regu.
larly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-22
wagner OUTLINES
EMPLOYMENT PLAN
Proposed Bill on Public
Works Described in Radio
Forum Over WMAL.

Long-range planning Of public works,
In which the Federal, State and munic-
ipal governments would cooperate, so
that they might aid in stabilizing en-
ployment conditions and provide work
In times Of depression. was advocated by
Senator Robert F. Wagner Of New York
in an address last night in the National
Radio Forum arranged by The Star and
sponsored by the Columbia Broadcast
ing Co.. over Station WMAL.
The brunt of the burden of STABILIZE
ing business will always have to be
borne by business ITSELF" said Senator
wagner. Nevertheless, 1t is not quite
generally recognized by those who have
studied this question that the Govern
ment has a very useful and significant
function to perform in the intensely
humane undertaking to regularize the
stream OF business and employment"
Describes His Bill.
Senator Wagner described the bill
which he has introduced in the Senate
to create a Federal Employment Stabili-
cation Board which would build up the
information and accumulate the wisdom
necessary to make a success" Of long
range construction planning.
1T Is necessary that the plans OF the
various Government projects be drawn
and approved long in advance so that
work may start at a moments notice,
said Senator Wagner, land without the
loss Of months of valuable time during
which a mild recession in employment
might develop into panic"
Senator Wagner took very optimistic
view Of present business conditions
Recent disturbances in the stock mar
ket have not affected the prosperity of
the country, he declared. The danger
in the present situation, he warned, lies
in the possibility of unemployment.
Sober Consideration.
every member of the business COM
munity must soberly consider the pres
ent situation and undertake to dis
charge fully the responsibility which 1t
imposes upon him." he said.
Senator Wagner expressed the hope
that one of the results of President
Hoovers conferences with business and
labor leaders will be "a determination
by the President to throw the force of
his opinion" behind proposed legislation
TO provide a system of planning public
works so that they would form re-
serve against unemployment In times OF
depression"
The fun text of Senator wagner's
address follows:
Bespeaks Optimism.
Ladies and gentlemen: To be an
American is to be an optimist. We
have vast agricultural resources. We
are equipped with a huge industrial
capacity in first rate condition. We
number 100000 men and women
capably and willingly at work produce
ing the things we want. 1t Is impos-
sible to contemplate these national
blessings and be pessimistic of the
future.
Recent disturbances in the stock
market and the commodity markets
have, Of course, been extremely serious
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-10-10
GAMECOCKS PRIMED
FOR CONTEST HERE

COLUMBIA, S. c., October lo.-The
south Carolina Gamecocks will be
prlmed for great battle when they
take the train for College Park tomor-
row afternoon to meet the University
OF Maryland Old Liners on SATURDAY.
Coach Billy Laval has spent the en-
tire week perfecting his offense and
generally revamping his defense in the
hope Of handing Curly Byrd's Mary
land crew a licking.
South Carolina will miss the services
OF one or two stars, but others who will
take their places are expected TO fill
the gaps in style, Hicks, star sophomore
fullback, had his collar bone broken
on the drst play of the Virginia con-
test, and is out for the season, as is
Williams, guard, who broke his ankle
in scrimmage.
Eddie Zobel, flashy little l5O-pound
halfback, who was a sensation in 1928
is in great form.
The probable lineup that will face
Maryland will be: Laval. son of Coach
Laval, and GreeSsette at ends; Shand
and Devaughn, tackles; Hughey and
Moore, guards; Capt Beall, center:
Rhame, quarter: Zobel and Boineau
halfbacks, and Culp or Blount, full
back
Rhame, sensational sophomore, quar-.
ter, and Boineau. fiashy junior. are ex.
pected to be big threats to Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-10-10
FAILED AS PLAYER,
SHINES AS COACH
Little Billy Laval to Bring
Team Here Saturday to
Play Maryland.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
A FOOT BALL player who
~ wasn't big enough to make
~ the varsity now stands
out as one of the most
successful coaches in the entire
Southern Conference.
He Is Billy Laval, lean little
mentor of the University of South
Carolina who will bring his team
to College Park Saturday to play
Maryland. Every year his teams
cause lot of grief up and down
the Dixie battle line.
At Furman University, where he went
to school in 1904 and 1905, Laval wasn't
so hot as a player. The best he could
do was make his class teams. He was
light and in those days beef counted
with the old-School coaches.
But he was quite southpaw pitcher
and played professional base ball until
1915, when he returned to Furman as
foot ball coach with nothing behind
him but a head full Of ideas and two
years of class foot ball.
His record at Furman still Is talked
whenever South Carolina foot ball fans
get together.
Furman was not q member of the
southern conference, but each year
Lavals teams would invade conference
territory and soundly spank some of the
biggest and most important members.
Last year, after IA successful seasons
at Furman, Laval transferred his activi-
ties to South Carolina and celebrated
by licking the University of Chicago in
his debut as coach of the Gamecocks.
Lavals hobby Is offensive foot ball.
His crazy quilt" formation is known
throughout the South. At Furman his
teams usually were very light and long
runs by feet backs were responsible for
most of his victories
Laval thinks the greatest comeback
he ever saw on a foot ball field was
made by his Furman team against
Washington and Lee at Lexington, Va,
in 1925. Washington and Lee were
ahead, $50, at the end of the half. In
the second half Furman scored 20
points and won 20-15.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-10-10
ST. LOUIS TO BRING
SOME STAR GRIDMEN

ST. LOUIS, October 10-St. Louis
University's foot ball team this year not
only is the best to ever represent the
institution, but it contains some out
standing stars.
Capt. Limtzenich, fullback, is a
triple-threater, who tips the scales at
200 pounds. His punts average SO
yards.
Mckinney, the signal caller, played
regularly at Notre Dame two years ago.
He seems to know what it Is all about.
Kimmel and Eaton stand out among
the halfbacks. Both are good ball
carriers and can hold their own at
kicking.
In addition to these men, Abrahams.
De Christofero, Farkas, Murphy, Max
well, Stringfellow and Naidorff are
classy backs.
st. Louis has a veteran line In Drury
and Daubner. ends; Cornell and Joseph.
tackles; Brown and Schwartzn, guards.
and Davidson, center. The second
string line outweighs the regular COM
bination and is about as good.