davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Submarine ESCAPES,

Although much has been said and
written anent the development of the
oxygen mask for escape from disabled
submarines, the story will never lose its
vividness, particularly with the success
full accomplishment Of feats such as
that CT yesterday, when two daring sea-
men reached the surface from depth
of two hundred feet. Imprisoned on the
ocean floor at greater distance below
their native element than were the I'M
fortunate victims of the S-4 and Ssh.
the co-inventors of the oxygen mask
made their way out of what has been
the tomb of 50 many brave sailors
and with nothing but the con-
trivance over their faces, and by slow
degrees to avoid that dangerous malady
known as divers bends, rose triumphant
ly to the surface, thereby establishing
themselves as the only men who without
the benefit of specially designed suits
have ever lived to emerge from SO great
a depth.
Both the escape lock and the mask
have been developed since the sub
marine disasters of the past two years
which shocked the Nation. Both de-
vices have proved their efficiency, and
while it may not mean that. If disaster
befalls, every man who goes down in a
submarine will be saved, it does mean
that much of the hazard Of this perilous
calling has been removed by American
ingenuity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Aviation's Effect on Architecture
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

to obtain sufficient space for ports any
where near the centers Of such cities
as, for example. Chicago, which is 50
miles from one extremity to another
The time gained by flying would be
lost in transmission Of mail and trans
portation by other means OF passen-
gers from suburban port to the CEN
ter Of town. So, for the large cities.
the present generation may fully ex-
something more fantastic than any
castles in Spain or dreams Of
haSheeSh eater.
Change in Skylines. -..
The second type is to be employed
by lesser communities. They will be
on the ground. But here, too. the
architecture Of the cities must be
changed. It will not be convenient TO
have tall buildings in the neighpo1-
hood of the fields and thousands win
be RACED as the Newark chimney has
been. -e....
So the skylines of American cities OF
the near future will take on entirely
new aspects. The great cities will have
spring peaks higher than any of the
surrounding buildings, while the small
er places will have skylines revealing
depreSsions from the general level, the
euecL DeulR uIlQuiatlI1S.
Practical aspects Of construction are
not being neglected. A plan has been
worked GU: and has received the ap-
prevail of former Postmaster General New
providing for plane facilities slightly re-
sembling the scenic railways or shoot
the-chuteS of amusement parks.
For planes taking of there will be In
clined runways. down which they will
travel on their wheels or skids and then
soar of into space. For landing planes
similar runways will be built. The plane
will land on the level, but the runway,
being built to incline upward, will
speedily bring it to a halt. These facil-
tiles will conserve space and enable .
| field to accommodate more planes. d.
Airport engineers and architects al
ready have drawn plans for such ports
and have made models giving clear
visual idea Of how they will appear.
Financial Problem.
One of the greatest problems Of any
great constructing enterprise is that OF
finance. But it seems unlikely that dit-
hculty will be encountered there. Some
municipalities have donated land for
ports; some locations have been pur-
chased Four hundred cities and towns
already are listed as having airports.
Most of these have been built in the
last 18 months, and a competent esti-
mate is that $300,o00.000 has been ex-
pended upon them. Existing plans call
| for the expenditure of an additional
| $500 900 900 in the next II months, with
the rate augmenting every succeeding
| year. .,.
The investment bankers Of the coun-
| try are friendly to airport projects and
are expecting to handle large bond Is
| Al. - ~ a.. . -
| lent authorities have declared that the
country Is due for tremendous invest
ment in real estate enterprises, and the
construction Of airports would come
uider, this head Local governments
also may be expected to contribute
money subsidies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Law Enforcement Inquiry and Tariff
Revision May Disturb Political Balance

realizes, in all probability, that nothing
much can be done to resist the farmers.
They are in the saddle this trip, Mr..
Illson aSpireS, however, to persuade the
manufacturers to be content with per-
maps even less than they now have
That is, the agricultural duties NAV
have to be advanced to a point which
will leave the manufacturers at a COM
parative disadvantage They may not
get really full compensation" for the
increase in the cost of their raw ma
terlals. Nor may their workingmen get
really full compensation" In the cost
OF food.
This brings out harassing political
prospect. The manufacturing and work.
ing class districts are, generally speak
ing. the wet districts. The Democratic
party showed itself capable in the last
election OF getting out to be the cham
pion OF the wet sentiment. 1t also an
nounced itself as having no objection
to any tariff which would properly"
protect American wages and American
profits.
Suppose, now, that the new prohibi-
ton commission recommends stronger
and Sterner measures against the wet
urban populations. Suppose, also that
the new tariff law benefits the farmer
and raises his prices. but does not cor
respondingly benefit the manufacturer,
and most certainly raises the price of
food for the workingman and his fam
ily VIII not the Democratic party then
get great new access of strength in
our urban regions? -- r. ~.
That prospect is strengthened by the
lmminence of the new farm-relief bill.
Here Is another measure which will
most especially benefit the farmer. and
most certainly. If it does anything, in
crease the cost of farm products to the
consumers In the cities.
An actual CONFUSION in American
politics then becomes possible. The
Democratic party might abandon the
agricultural regions Of the South and
concentrate wholly upon being the party
OF our urban regions. whether South or
North. The agricultural regions of the
South might tend toward going Repub-
lican, and the Republican party would
become, as it already has in large part
become, the concentrated expression of
ruralnesS and of dryness.
But 1t is the cities which are growing,
and 1t is the countryside which is d.
minishing in population and In number
of voters.
X \ X
The main miracle then which beckons
with a prospective finger to Mr. Hoover
is this:
How can party back the countryside
against the city and still keep in power
If the countryside is going down and the
city is going up?
The answer to the problem would
have to be to keep the countryside from
going down. That, therefore, Is the
ultimate aim which the extremely re-
sourceful man in the White House is
bound to cherish and to forward. Mr..
Hoover, the miracle man, will have to
give us the miracle of turning the tide
of population and of power back from
the congested centers to the still open
spaces. ...-
Copyright, 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
EVERYDAY RELIGION
BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. d, Ii. d,
Bishop OF Washington

have life and have it more abundantly."
All that He sought was to emphasize
its eternal worth. The disciplines He
imposed were not hard and forbidding
They were designed to give to life a
truer dignity by recognizing its inher-
ent powers.
The real staff of life" is that which
nourishes and enriches the fine things
of character. After all, what we con-
ceive lifes true objective to be does de-
termine for us the method of its at
tainment. If death ends ALL" if the
satisfaction of selfish desires and pas
slons Is legitimate quest, If material
advantage is the logical ambition of life,
then we may yield ourselves to the die
tum. Eat. drink and be merry, for to-
morrow we die" Such a conception Of
life lends no zest or inspiration to it,
Its end is shadowy and forbidding. Ba-
con once said, mo mans private for
tune can be an, end worthy of exist
ence." l have known men who had
everything that money could buy, every
luxury that heart could desire, and yet
they were far from happy They lacked
something that they could not define
to themselves. ! have known others to
whom none of the choice gifts of life
were given, from whom even the neces-
sary things were withheld, upon whose
shoulders burdens were imposed too
heavy to be borne, and yet they radiat-
ed sunshine and gave evidence of a
peace that passeth understanding. AS
we grow older the lines of Whittier be-
come increasingly clear to us:
1.-THE riddle of the world Is understood.
Only by him who feels that God is
good" ~.
It may be difficult to define In pre-
else terms what deep religious con-
vlction means to us. but there are
abundant demonstrations on every hand
Of what the absence of it effects In
lives that are barren and unproductive.
The word of Jesus, Man shall not live
by bread alone" has meaning that
is fundamental and that is vitality re-
lated to our truest satisfaction and men,
tai repose. The great hunger will not be
satisfied with perishable bread, but the
bread Of life, the true nutriment Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
BY WILLIAM HARD.

President Hoover faces so many prob
lens as to make him almost regret that
he has ever been called the best pre-
pared man that ever entered the White
House" That phrase has struck the
popular imaginations, and the public
looks to Mr.. Hoover for miracles. He
Is on his way to lots of opportunities
to produce them.
His most instant problem is the APP
pointment of his commission on pro-
hibition. He has enlarged the idea Of
this commission to include all law en-
forcement whatsoever. On the other
hand, to the great annoyance Of many
of the vets, he has restricted the idea
of the commission to an inquiry as to
how our laws can be better enforced.
and he seems to have no intention of
asking the commission to tell him
whether our laws are wise or foolish.
Many Of the vets had hoped that the
commission would be empowered to re-
port, for instance, that the Volstead
law was unenforceable. Apparently the
commission will have no such chance
Whether the law can be enforced or
not, the commission seems headed
toward having to say how to enforce it
better and more.
There may be some quibbling on this
point, but 1t Is mere quibbling. This
administration is committed to making
prohibition go" 1t cannot begin by
appointing a commission to call 1t a
flop" The new commission will have
to tell us simply how to make it more
going go.
Later on, perhaps, few years from
now. there might be another commits
sion to look into the ultimate merits of
the matter. This present approaching
commission will have truly nothing to
do with the merits. It will have to be
dedicated simply to the improvement of
the machinery of law enforcement.
That lays out before President Hoover
one OF the longest roads to miracle
that any President has ever faced.
The next needed miracle Is in the
field Of the tariff. The President has
said twice now that the changes In the
tariff should be limited" That word
may turn out to have an ironical mean
ing OF the sort that it has when we
speak Of a Limited train," meaning
one that stops nowhere.
The demanderS of higher tariff duties
are strong and vigorous and full of a
consciousness Of woe and of right. The
farmers want stupendous duties ON
almost all of their products, and the
industries which get their raw materials
from the farmers are demanding stu
pendous compensatory" duties, II the
cost of their raw materials Is to be stu
pendously increased
Naturally the administration is alarm
ed. Mr.. John @. Tilson, Republican
floor leader in the House of Repre-
sentatives, is especially alarmed. He
has departed to Boston to tell the old
crusted manufacturers of New England
that they must not expect any undue
additional protection.
Mr.. Tilsofi has an immediate re-
sponsibility for the character of the
tariff bill as it passes the House. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

A few days ago a factory chimney,
$50 feet In height, was dynamited and
brought crashing to the ground. The
reason was that the towering spire was
located near the site of the new air.
port of Newark. N. j., and that its
presence was menace to navigatOrS OF
the air seeking to make a landing on
the field. Bird 9overS took especial note
of the fact that the chimney, rather
old one, had for long been the home
of large number of chimney swifts
and of such other birds as nest In
lofty places. Their convenience was
sacrificed to protect human birdmen
who, especially at night, might crash
into the structure in seeking the ground.
The incident sharply emphasizes what
the development of flying, especially the
establishment of regular commercial
air lines, is having and is going to have
on the architectural features of cities,
particularly in the neighborhood of
municipal airports.
When the airplane first was beginning
to demonstrate its pOtentialities. ia
vorite subject for illustrators of imagi-
native stories was the possible appear
ance of cities of the future when navi-
CATION of the air should become a mat
ter of course. For the most part the
drawings portrayed vast arsd lofty edi-
fees with landing platforms on top Of
them and with all manner OF aircraft
landing and taking of. They were
reminiscent of the: fantastic pictures
which nearly a generation ago depicted
in Sunday newspaper supplements the
adventures, of Little Memo on Mars.
Then general navigation Of the air
seemed about as far distant In time as
Mars Is in space.
Dream Coming True.
But the fantasy has come. 1t has
turned into reality. Plans already have
been drawn for building to constitute
one of the many airports for New York
City. They call for a structure $50
feet in height. Nothing which Little
Memo encountered could be more fam
tastic. The building would be cylinder
rising from the ground. The lower
floors would be occupied by stores. There
would be business Offices in various
narts of It, auditoriuns. and many other
features which large modern structures
have. Other floors would be given over
to hotel accommodations and, atop OF
all, an enormous landing field, 1000
feet in diameter.
Runways for landing and taking off
would be provided. so that more than
~ pldLlCS COuAO NC cAtLCI d1lEAlLlLlB VI
taking flight at tho same time. Rising
yet above the roof would be mooring
mast for dirigibles. This is not a
dream of Little Memo. Architects and
engineers actually are working on the
final plans and the promotion of
financing the project is occupying the
time of skilled men.
The Department of Commerce has
listed 1000 cities and towns which
have arranged for the construction OF
airports and has, in its files, cor
respondence relating to plans OF an
other 1000 places looking forward to
the same sort of enterprise.
It appears certain that architecture
will be greatly affected because two
types of fields are to be built. One,
for large cities, would partake OF the
nature of the vast building already
designed. This would be necessary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Man shall not hue By bread
alone. "-MdttheW, ira.
The "StaH of Life"


Bread is the staff of life" is an old
adage. Viewed from the physical point
OF view doubtless it is largely true, but
that which sustains the body is of lesser
value than that which SustainS the
soul. 1t is written concerning Jesus
when after a long vigil He felt the
pangs of hunger that the Tempter came
to Him saying, IF Thou be the Son Of
God, command that these stones De
made bread" 1t was an effort to draw
from Him demonstration of His mi
raculous power, but instead it brought
from Him the. statement, Man shall
not live by bread alone" On another
occasion He said to His disciples, II
have meat to eat that We know not Of"
In these great affirmationS He main
tanned the transcendence of the soul.
He never ignored the demands of the
body and repeatedly supplied the need
where the occasion required. He was
not unmindful of those indispensable
things that have to do with the con-
servation of health and strength. On
one occasion He declared, Seek We first
the Kingdom of God and His righteous
ness and all these things shall be added
unto you" Bodies and souls He gave
full consideration to. /. It was His lofty
SOlASOPtAOll VI tLlC SICdVilCSo dLlu tightly
of man. of the reality of his soul life
and it's indestructibility that made Him
repeatedly emphasize its supreme value.
His view of life differs widely from that
commonly held. His sense of its value
was greater than that of any other
world teacher. He saw man In the full
ness of his being and capacities. To
disregard the deeper and finer values
of his life was an offense against which
He constantly inveighed. A philosophy
OF life that thinks of it in terms Of a
brief span Of years. that regards it
solely in the light of accomplishment
and acquisition, is wholly out of con-
sonance with the teachings of the Mas
ter. He certainly did not seek to place
limitations upon it; on the contrary. He
declared, IT am come that they might
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

that 80 per cent of them are due to
highway conditions. So contractors are
consulting with engineers In regard to
conditions which will be left more or
less permanently when the road work
has been finished-and engineers are
giving greater consideration to proper
design and upkeep to reduce sharp and
blind curves, steep grades, high crowns,
narrow roadwayS, holes In the pave
ment. etc.
Officials of the United States Depart
ment of Labor have favored uniform
safety code, for enactment into the laws
of the various States in regard to build
ing construction especially. Most of the
contractors have opposed such laws on
the ground that only 30 per cent of
construction accidents at the maximum
can be prevented by mechanical means,
and that methods progress so rapidly
that an infieXible law would hamper
rather than help safety work.
1t is in the field of education Of
workers, foremen and superintendent
that the greatest opportunity lies. in
the opinion Of master builders and con-
tractors. with close supervision to
eliminate hazards. Some authorities
state that 90 per cent of all accidents
are preventable and that more than 85
per cent can be prevented through en-
forcement of proper supervision. Given
the supervision, the case rests largely
with the individual worker. In order
to reach him, various expedients are
being used, such as safety signs, stickers
and printed warnings or slogans on pay
envelopes, circular letters, addressed to
the homes where they come under the
eyes OF wives and children.
OF course, the contractor must spend
money in seeing to it that scaffolds are
well built. openings inclosed, etc.. Most
machines used In construction jobs are
we'll guarded to prevent accidents. But
the majority of accidents are due to
carelessness or negligence of the VIC
tim, strict analysis shows. One-fourth
Of all mishaps in construction are due
to falls alone.
Group action Is to be stressed this
Spring, for most members Of con-
tractors force are in h!s employ only
temporarily, then 60 to another as jobs
are started and finished.
Fifteen States now have well organic
ed safety campaigns under way; before
the present year ends, It is expected 81
will have been organized.
= (copyright, 1920 ---s~v'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Contractors Start Drive
To Prevent Accidents
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

An intensive drive for the prevention
of accidents Is being launched by the
construction industry with humani-
tartan stake of life and limb. and ma
terial prize of around $250,000,000 a
year.
Reduction OF accidents not only
means fewer fatherless homes and fewer
manned and disabled men, but it also
pays substantial dividends to oil con-
cerned in construction. safety means
savings" and If the quarter-of- billion
annual expense Of accidents in the in
dustry can be reduced the general pub
lie will find its bills lower.
For nearly two years, the Associated
General Contractors of America has
had a safety engineer directing its cam
paign among its members Local chap
ters have engaged engineers to help
them. Some contractors have been
able to get as much as so per cent re-
duction in their casualty insurance rates
as the result of safety records. This
matter of premiums, however, Is only a
part of the savings affected, for every
construction accident, it Is figured, costs
four times the amount expended in
compensation to the injured-lost time
and material on the job, and reduced
efficiency of the workers due to the
lowered InOfdie WHICH aloO a4Whyo dC"
companies an accident.
X X X X
Builders exchanges, building trades
employers associations. insurance COM
panies, State compensation commissions,
architects and engineers, highway COM
missions, organizations of workers and
others are swinging into the greatest
safety campaign in construction this
country ever has seen. The approach
of Spring, which will give impetus to
construction work, finds dozen organ
izations cooperating in close harmony
in the campaign.
Not only building construction is af-
fected. The fight against accidents ex-
tends into highway building. the laying
OF sewers and of water mains and the
many other fields of this industry Not
all of the prevention work Is directed
toward eliminating or reducing acct
dents while the contractor is actually
on the job with his force some Of 1t
goes far beyond. Traffic accidents are
increasing and it has been calculated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

fish commissioner is thwarted in the
effort to restore them to their former
productivenesS by the poisoning of the
river by the coal tar from the gas
works of Washington and Alexandria
and by the failure of the Legislatures
of Maryland and Virginia to adopt
any measures TO stop, the seine and
gill net murder. Concurrent action by
these States is necessary for effective
legislation to this end, and the prospect
for such action Is not hopeful. This is
strange, considering the enormous value
of the fisheries to these States as well
as to the District II their old-time pro-
ductiveness could be restored.
zone Of the fish commissioners of
New Jersey is the president of a gas
works company at Railway. The coal
tar from these works does not poison
the fish but Is MADE a source Of profit.
The analine dyes and various valuable
acids are made from the tar. The gas
companies of the District cities and
Alexandria should be compelled for the
good Of the people, the good Of the
fish and their own good to utilize their
coal tar" i*Hs's