davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

an unlimited number of categories, they
believe, people will lose all interest in
records Of all kinds and the spirit of
competition viii suffer. A few types Of
records, the holding Of which. Is o dis
tinct honor for which pilot would be
eager to contend, they point out, would
be much better for aviation and the
general public than a great variety Of
records which mean nothing to the
average run Of pilots or the layman.
Miss Stinson Disfavors Plan.
Strangely enough one of the most
bitter opponents of the special CLASH
fication for women is Miss Marjorie
Stinson, one of the worlds most noted
women flyers. She believes that women
should prove themselves qualified to
compete with men on an equal basis
and that the setting up of a special
group OF records for women would be
an open statement of the principle that
women are inferior to men in the air
and cannot hope to compete with them
in any phase Of flying. She believes
that world records should be world
records for men as well as women and
that II women cannot win them they
should not expect recognition as holders
of records.
The American contest committee also
is seeking the creation Of an offcial
medal or plaque to be awarded to the
holders of all world records for aviation
performances. At present the record
holders receive no recognition other
than the publication of their achieve
ments in the official bulletins of the
Federation Aeronautique Internationale
and its member bodies In the various
nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
100 SERVICE STATIONS
TO BE ESTABLISHED
Wright to Arrange for Repair Of
its Radial Air-Cooled
Motors.

The establishment of So service sta
tionS in all parts of the United States
for the repair and servicing of Its ra-
dial air-cooled airplane motors has been
announced by the Wright Aeronautical
Corporation. This Is the most corn-
prehensive step in this direction yet
taken. Plans are under way for rapid
enlargement of the service chain.
There are IL firms in widely sepa-
rated parts of the country which are
authorized to sell spare parts and per-
form complete engine overhauls, and at
their stations a complete list of spare
engine parts will be stocked at all times,
in addition to full machine equipment.
Price lists for repair work will be iden-
tical with those established for factory
overhaul
The company plans to have more
than 100 service stations in operation
before the end of the year. In the past
1t has been very difficult for airplane
owners to get repairs, and It has not
been uncommon for a ship to be laid
UP because a small bolt is missing from
the motor or a working part has worn
out. It has often been necessary for
an airplane owner to have small parts
machined in local tool shops because
they could not get rapid service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
AIRCRAFT BUILDING
IN u. S. INCREASES
140 Per Cent Gain Is Noted
as Biplanes 0utnumber
MonopIanes 2 to |.

Commercial aircraft production in
the United States In 1928 was lao per
cent greater than in 1927, according
to Aircraft Year Book figures issued
this week by the Aeronautical Chamber
of Commerce.
Last year, approximately 5000 air.
planes and $500 aircraft motors, with
a total value in excess of $4,000, 900,
were built in this country.
OF this number 1871 were COM
mercial and 1919 we're military planes.
OF the motors, 2,087 were for COM
mercial and AIS for military use.
mercial planes and motors built in
1925" the organization announced
was in excess Of $27,000,000; to which
should be added 100000 to $1O.-
100000 for the manufacture Of spares
and for experimental work. Military
production and experimentation. it is
estimated, accounts for $35,000,0 900
more, bringing the total for the indus
try for 1928 to more than SIS, 000, 600.
Analysis Of the commercial aircraft
figures for 1928 reveals some interesting
trends. Biplanes outnumbered mono
planes 2 to /, there being 2,422 Of
the former produced and 1,079 of the
latter. OF the biplanes, the great ma
jority were of the small open cockpit
variety and of the monoplanes, closed
cabin jobs predominated. Twelve times
as many multi-engined monoplanes
were built as there were multi-engined
biplanes."
Wichita, KanS., led the Nation In
production, with 927 planes, while New
York was second with 857 units, but
first with an estimated gross airplane
value of $7,500,000, against 100000
for Wichita.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
PLANE ENGINE SETS
POWER OUTPUT MARK
Wright Cyclone Develops $50
Horsepower at 2,100 Revolu-
lions Per Minute in Test.

The highest power output ever OBJ
tanned by the Navy Department from
geared radial airplane engine has
been recorded in tests at the Naval Air
craft Factory in Philadelphia. In the
final period of series of five-hour, full
throttle runs the motor, Wright Cy-
clone, developed $50 horsepower at 2,l0C
revolutions per minute, with fuel con-
sumption at the rate of 48 gallons per
hour.
Disassembly and inspection at the enc
of the run failed to show undue wear OF
motor injury, although the motor, prior
to the full-throttle test, had been run
approximately 525 hours. The gear
ratio used was approximately 2 to /
The advantage In gearing, it is ex-
planned, is a marked increase in motor
efficiency A very large, low-speed pro-
peller may be used, and geared engine
give much higher performance In take
of and rate of climb with heavy load
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
NATIONAL AIRPORT
CONVENTION is SET
Will Be Held in Cleveland in May.
Lighting and Construction
Among Subjects.

The first national airport convention
will be held in Cleveland May 16, II
and 10, according to an announcement
by Capt. Clarence NJ Knox, vice presi-
dent in charge of the airport section Of
the Aeronautical Chamber of Com
merce and commissioner of ariports of
Connecticut.
The tentative program includes dis
cuSsions and addresses on various
phases of airport lighting, landing field
construction and care, inter-field COM
munication and meteorology. design
and architecture safety control, main
tenance and administration and stand
ards Of practice.
In addition to the large attendance
among representatives Of airports from
all parts of the United States" Mr..
Knox said, 1.-The convention will attract
representatives Of municipalities and
civil organizations, engineers, architects,
contractors and manufacturers whose
interests in airport development and
construction are assuming great proper
tons"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
IMPETUS IS GIVEN
A|RWAY MARKING
Bingham Endorses Depart
ment of Commerce Move for
Standardization of Signs.

Copies of the new airWays marking
specifications prepared by the Depart
ment of Commerce aeronautics branch
are being sent to every chapter and
State governor of the National Aero
nautic Association as a part of that as
sociation's campaign for the Standard
lied marking of all cities and towns for
the benefit of the aviator. In this work
the association is cooperating with
other aeronautical bodies and with the
Post Office and Commerce Depart
ments.
In a statement issued from national
headquarters here Senator Hiram
Bingham of Connecticut. association
president, Endorsed the Department OF
Commerce report and requested all
State and chapter officers OF the aSso-
citation to take a personal part in the
marking campaign, which he terms the
great need of today for advancement OF
cross-country flying.
THE Federal Government" Senator
Bingham said, cannot mark your town
for you, but it has shown you how 1t
may and should be done In the most
effective manner.
Under the system of airway marking
worked out by the committee, 1t is pos
sible for pilot on a crosS-country fight
and in strange territory to obtain the
following story at one short glance on q
roof below: The name of the city; the
direction Of the airport, together with
the mileage; the rating Of that airport;
the direction of true north, and whether
there are seaplane or landplane facilities
or both.
What this information means to a
lost pilot, to a pilot with disabled en-
CINE or to a pilot with a rapidly dimin-
ishing fuel supply can best be appre-
ciated when it is recalled that lives may
be saved by the information obtained
from the symbols"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
AVIATION
BY JOSEPH S. EDGERTON.

| equipped with boots and a fine
contempt for geography, plowed
their way doggedly through ponds
and rivers and over islands and
peninSulaS.
Planes Mired in Mud.
During the past week many
planes were begged down and it
was nothing unusual to see me-
chanicS at the wing-tipS of a
mired plane rocking it back and
forth while the pilot "gunned" his
, motor to break the wheels from
the clinging mud. That there
were no serious crack-upS to mar
the inaugural celebration was due
partially to pure luck, but more to
the skill and care of the indi-
vidual pilots.
The District boasts of no facili-
ties at all for the handling of
balloons or dirigibleS and this fact
cost the Navy two non-rigid air
ships of 10000 cubic feet ca
pacity each. Both ships, after
being held down by man-power
for more than 80 hours, were rip
ped and torn and finally debated
to prevent them blowing away.
Not only was $4,000 worth of
helium lost but the envelopes of
both ships were destroyed. The
damaged cars and motors alone
were Salvaged. It is only common
sense that If the National Capital
is to be visited frequently by air.
ships which may become storm
bound here, some provision should
be made for Sheltering them. That
there is not even temporary
mooring mast available seems
negligent, to say the least.
Many of the commercial air
plane pilots who had planned to
fly to this city for the Inaugural
ton were warned by telegraph to
stay away because of the danger
Gus condition of the field. The
few who came decided after look
ing the situation over that it would
be foolish for them to risk the
chance of a crack-up in the mud
and elected to remain on the
ground. They Staked down their
planes and stayed until they felt
they could get off the field with
reasonable safety.
Washington Is Blacklisted.
Word has gone out to pilots all
over the country, however, that
the National Capital is bad med
icine" in wet weather and that
| if they respect themselves and
their planes they had better stay
away unless they know this city
is suffering drought.
AS result of the poor condition
of the landing field, Washington
was taken of the air mail line for
two nights, the planes between
New York and Atlanta flying with
out stop between Philadelphia and
Richmond. The pilots were in
structed, although the weather was
clear, not to run the risk of a
crash in the mud of Boiling Field.
Not only has Congress been
Sinking its plain duty in not pro-
viding a municipal airport here,
aeronautical people feel, but it has
been guilty Of neglect in not pro-
viding funds for the adequate
maintenance Of the local military
and naval flying fields. They are
hopeful, however, that under the
guidance of President Hoover,
whose cordial interest in the pro-
motion of aeronautics is well
known, steps will be taken as soon
as possible to remedy the existing
evils.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

torpedo vessel, which uses launching
tubes aff1xed to her decks, can deliver
torpedo attack only by placing her
self and her entire ships company in
danger of destruction by defending gun
fire. With the use of planes the vessel
may work well out beyond the range
of opposing gun fire.
Smoke-laying aircraft are employed
for the same reason that smoke-laying
deStroyers and cruisers are employed.
The only important distinction is that
when planes are used to lay smoke, the
job Is done quicker, the target offered
the enemy is smaller and fewer men
are placed in danger.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

r ACK of adequate airport
facilities in the National
Capital during the past week
has cost the Federal Gov
eminent approximately 100000 in
the partial destruction of two air
ships and serious loss Of prestige
Curtailment of a large portion OF
the aerial programs scheduled in
connection with Inauguration day
became necessary because of i'm
possible flying conditions at Boil
ing Field and the Naval Air Sta
ton. Visiting pilots returned
home, many of them to well
equipped municipal airportS, in
dignant because of the hardShipS
they were forced to undergo here.
Conditions here were so bad as
to be almost ludicrous. Visiting
pilots, unable to fly out of Boiling
Field because the heavy rains had
turned it into a swamp, were
treated to the spectacle of f1ocks
of ducks padding around con-
tentedly in the middle of the land
ing field.
Pilots who were forced to fly
took off and landed amid geyserS
of mud and water and TAXED up
to the line looking like fantastic
chocolate layer cakes.
: Lakes Christened on Field.
Boiling Field, which lies between
the Army station and the Naval
Air Station and is used by the
planes of both services, during a
part of the past week was, like
the earth, composed of about four
fifthS water and one-fifth land.
Enlisted men on both sides, inter-
ested in geography, enjoyed them
selves. They chriStened lakes and
islands, inletS and bays.
Out in front of the Boiling Field
operations office, about mid-field,
was Lake Davidson, named for the
ccmmandant; Maj. Howard c.
Davidson. Near the south shore
of Lake Davidson, separated from
the mainland" by Merricks Chan
mel, named for Lieut.. Louis M
Merrick, operations officer, was
Eaker Island, honoring Capt. Ira
C. Eaker.
Other Typographical features
were less politely named, among
them Spit Harbor,"
where a fiotilla of wood-chip boats
had found refuge from the storm,
and "Crack-Up Shoals" where the
tail skid of an observation plane
had come to grief a few days be-
fore.
On the night when Boiling Field
played unwilling host to fleet of
Storm-toSSed dirigibleS, the marine
features of the field were most
prominent. In the glare of the
fioodlightS a lanky enlisted man
with nothing but rubberS to pro-
tect him while fording the rivers
and lakes stood anxiouSly peering
around for the least flooded path
to his goal.
Byrd looking for the Bay of
Whales" wise cracked a bedrag-
gled fellow private watching from
the operations office.
Another soldier, back from q
tour of duty on the mooring lines
of the battered blimps, directed a
newcomer in all seriousness
Buddy, you steer right around
this side of the big pond out there
and you'll see long iSland-likt
stickin' out of the water beyond
it. You'll have to wade through
the water but it amt very deep
and then there won't be anything
to worry about but mud.
Some of the men, however,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

Fighting aircraft have the same mis-
sion that is assigned to anti-aircraft
guns mounted on the decks of the sur
face ships. Both are designed to de-
stroy enemy aircraft. Fighting air.
planes, however, are far more effec-
tive defense against air attack than
anti-aircraft guns.
The airplane in naval operations is
at once a gun, a vehicle, high obser-
vation post, torpedo tube, depth
charge protector, a mine-layer and q
smoke screen layer. The field of naval
aircraft operations at sea is as wide as
the Navy itself, no wider.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Cooperation of Planes En-
hances Effectiveness of All
Types of Vessels.
IMPORTANT IN SCOUTING
Bombing and Torpedo Work,
Smoke-Laying and Fight
ing Are Factors.
BY REAR ADMIRAL w. A.
MOFFETT.

Chief, Navy Bureau Of Aeronautics.
By the Associated Press.
Supremacy on the surface In any naval
engagement between forces Of compar-
able size cannot be had with inferiority
of air strength.
However, to avoid any possible mis-
conception, want to emphasize that
supremacy in the air Is of no use to
anybody except as it affects conditions
on the surface beneath.
There is no general classification of
service in the United States Navy that
is so essentially and comprehensively
naval, In the broader sense of the word,
as is naval aviation. It becomes ever
more apparent, as we gain experience,
that the airplane does not and cannot
perform any new basic function in war
which has not been performed In some
manner or other for years past by other
naval agencies. Yet 1t becomes apparent
that there is no type OF vessel, and
no class of naval service, whose effec-
tiveness in war Is not greatly enhanced
by the cooperation of aircraft in one
form or another.
High Observation Posts.
Gunnery-spotting planes are in effect
high observation posts for gun spoilers
Sucn as are 1ound atop every baCtle-
ship. But the spotter in the plane can
often clearly see what the Spotter on
ship cannot see at all. Scouting air
planes are merely mobile lookout sta
tons.
Bombing airplanes perform exactly
the same basic function that guns per-
form to throw a destructive projectile
against the enemy The difference lies
In the fact that the ship equipped with
airplanes for this purpose can strike the
enemy at approximately 10 times the
range that is possible with ordinary
gun IRE.
The torpedo plane Is essentially .
mobile torpedo tube. The conventional
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
City Made Airport of Entry.

The Brownsville. Tex, municipal air
port has been temporarily designated
as an airport of entry by the Treasury
Department 1t is possible that in the
near future permanent classification
will be accorded this airport, since the
United States Mexico air mail route
will have its northern terminus here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Heads Curtiss- Caproni.

Appointment of Capt. George C..
Westervelt, U. S. N, retired, as manager
of the new -Caproni organiza-
ton, formed to build large seaplanes
and airplanes of the famous italian
Caproni design in this country, was
announced this week. Capt. Wester-
welt, who retired in 1877 after 80 years
Of service, was in charge Of the con-
struction Of the big NC flying boats Of
the type which first crossed the Atlantic
Ocean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Joins Aeronautic Association.

The Harvard University Blue Hill
Observatory at Readville, Mass. which
has made many important contributions
to the science of aeronautical meteor
ology, has become member organiza-
ton of the National Aeronautic Asso-
citation. it has been announced here at
the national headquarters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
AMERICAN AVIAT0RS
TO GET SPECIAL MEDALS
Ligue Internationale Honors Goe.
bel, Stultz, Collyer and Lyons
and Three Others.

Seven American pilots who dis
tinguished themselves during 1928 have
been awarded special medals Of honor
by the Ligue Internationale des
Amateurs.
They are the late Capt. G. B. D.
Collyer. transcontinental pilot; Col.
Arthur c. Goebel, winner of the Dole
race to Hawaii; Maj. Wilmer Stultz,
who few across the Atlantic: Col.
Charles w. Kerwood, organizer Of the
league in this country; Thomas Carroll.
chief test pilot of the national advisory
committee for aeronautics; Capt. Harry
Lyons. navigator on the Southern Cross
during the California to- Australia flight,
and Richard E. James, youngest pilot
to ny across the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
5000 PARTS IN ENGINE.
Each of Them Is Given Regular
Examination.

Engines used in air mail and passen-
ger planes have 5000 parts and each
one Is thoroughly inspected and given
safety tests after every two to three
hundred hours use, says the American
Air Transport Association.
Exposed parts are inspected every
time a plane lands, and ears trained
by long experience listen for interior
flaws, and If any are detected the en-
CINE is Immediately replaced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
New Low Prices
have ALREADY Doubled Sales F.!

thrill of the air-cooled engines surge
of power-and the feather-like riding
ease of the new Franklin.
New Franklin owners and old
Franklin owners are experiencing
with these new cars an entirely new
motoring sensational sensation
which aviators say approaches the
driving feel of an airplanel
And their flashing smarness, the
youthful beauty of their lines, their
colors and luxurious appointments-
all are in keeping with the perform
ance they suggest-a performance
made possible by air-cooling-en-
dorsed by aviation, the sternest
school of motordom.
See these new Franklins drive
one-then let us estimate on your old
car and arrange spread Of pay
ments to suit you.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

Franklin's new expansion program is
off to running start.
BY far the largest gain Of all
cars at or near Franklin prices!
Thetremendous and unprecedented
demand for these new Franklins is
complete vindication of new produc-
ton methods which made it pos
sible for us to turn out twice as many
cars as ever before-cars of the same
traditional Franklin quality.
With prices beginning at $2l8O-
fully 5000 lower than any previous
Franklin of similar type, Franklin has
opened way to fine car ownership
for thousands of new buyers.
And the records show the re-
sponse:-
Thousands and thousands ofmotor-
lists feel for the first time the jubilant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
The Correct fabrication
{nr fhA Gears.

The Correct fabrication
for the Gears.
Ebonite is a scientific gear iubri-
cant in two grades.
EBONITE-T for the transrnis-
sion gears. makes gear shifting
amazingly easy. In all seasons, and
at all speeds.
EBONITE-R for ~"year axles"
cushions these important gears, and
saves repair bills.
EBONITE
Coordination Of Pure oii)
20 Cents q Shot
nj Filling Stations and Garages.
BAYERSoN OIL WORKS
cclumbia Sz2s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Tran kin

Unprecedented Popularity
of THE Meov ErunkHn-Me
car svith tie "airpIane
fee/''-boosts Jannary
and February sales to more
than the first four months
total ofZ228. Air-cooing
avored BY thousands Of
nesv fine car buyers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

With January and February sales
running we'll over 5000 of the CORE
spending period in 1928-with more
Franklins sold in two months than
during all Of January, February,
March and April of last year
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-15

poracicn Aernautica de TransporteS
on plans for special all-expense trips
to Mexico City and Mazatlan, and
other points of interest.
Need Boca Chica Road
Importance of a hard-Surfaced
road to Boca Chica as the key Of
the whole situation was emphasized
by MIR. Richardson. who stated that
about $l7.000,000 was taken in from
the tourists in Palm Beach and
West Palm Beach during the past
year.
Jesse bennett, chairman of the
business relations committee, made
a short talk in which he suggested
improvements which might be spon-
Sored by the Rotarians. He urged
that every effort should be made T.
make Brownsville the home OF the
Valley" by making it SO attractive
that newcomers would wish to make
their home here. though owning
property in other sections. He also
suggested Improvements at the city
market, in the way of uniform
stalls, clean. and freshly painted,
ana reminded the club of the need
for street markers.
Gabriel Brazzell. Of San Antonio,
Antonio Ortiz. Of Monterrey, and
Harry Adams. Southern Pacific
landscape gardner were guests. and
Brazzell also made a short talk.