davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
New Cha pier Installed

bH flHfS NN'rlHt
BLOOMINGTON. Ind, May IL
Eleven members of the Indiana
university chapter are Cincinnati
today installing the thirty-fourth
chapter. The Indiana is being as
sisted by chapter representatives
from Illinois. Purdue and Michigan
universities.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
Fire Causes $500 Loss

q Y 7 Ut NJ F-FfT|
HOSMER. Ind. May ll-Fire de-
stroyed restaurant church and
residence here with a loss OF $500
A defective chimney in the restau-
rant started the fire.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
Filling Station Looted

bU IWFS NUtCiHI
PORTLAND, Ind, May 11.-Bur-
glars who looted filling station
operated by Hobart Miller obtained
500. some cigarets and wrist
watch.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
Al CLUB AWARDS
MADE AT PURDUE
Eggs Whole i'm
7OO-FO0t Fail

Be- Times Special
LAFAYETTE, Ind, May IL.
Thirty dozens of eggs, Gov
ernor Harry G. Leslie's entry
in the annual egg show at Pur-
due university here, were
landed from an airplane by
means of a 700-foot parachute
drop and not one was broken.
Dick Arnett was pilot of the
plane from which the eggs
were dropped.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
Republican Leader Dies

PETERSBURG, Ind, May H.
Joseph Kinman, "a, former Pike
county coroner and for many years
active in Republican politics is dead
at his home here.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
librarian TO Attend Meeting

b. IIWfS special
MUNCIE. Ind. May 11.-NTSS
Gertrude n. Schwab. head OF the
Muncie public library will attend the
annual convention Of the American
Library Association at Washington.
beginning Monday 10 continue a
week
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11
Body Found in River

ROCKPORT. Ind. May IL
Twenty miles below the point where
he fell into the Ohio river April 20.
the body of Adam Cotton, %. this
CITY. was found.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-11

Sweaters with the letter Il" and
super imposed crossed rifles were
awarded to the r. o. r. C. rifle
team. The team fired forty matches
against various colleges OF the coun-
try and during one week defeated
Virginia Military Institute by a
score Of 3.67l 10 3.645 out Of a pos
sible 1000 points, The team won
fifth place in the Fifth Corps Area
r. o. T. c. matches in competition
with twenty-five other schools.
James LeSh. Indianapolis, was
awarded the gold stripe OF team
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
Lots for Sale
WOODED LOT
Business Property for Sale

MORRIS. W., 577-Bnck building; viii
sacrifice for quick sale; close to factory
district Dr h2S0
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27

CHEVROLET TOURINCS-I925: a dandy
&zw a2& aaRR. sa2 II. WAYNE ave.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
Storage and Transfer

sTORE-Your furniture in fire proof stor-
age house. Private lockers. Pay months
later. Special. no charge for hauling
from March ] to March 80. Estimates
PARTLOW-J JENKINS MOTOR CAR co.
41q r. Market RI. 1850
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
Farms for Rent
Business Places for Rent

FARM-152 acres: 31a miles southwest of
Waverly; 16 miles out of city. Call Ii.
7007 for information.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
rr,cks

INDIANA-Late model one--ton capacity
with cab. This truck is being completely
rebuilt and has almost new tires. g.
NJ. G. 1-ton capacity chassis and cab, viii
make good truck for dump body Dodge
s4-ton capacity with closed cab and
special panel body win make good lob
for salesman to carry samples in. GEN
ERAL MOTORS TRUCK CO.. TAI E.
Market st. Ii. 1857.
YELLOW KNIGHT Ton Truck. 1925;
closed cab, stake body. in excellent con-
diticn; Sl00 down.
CARR AUTO SALES co.
5436 E. Wash. 81. LIS.
/ TON TRUCK-Onl7 $50: at ono. 81
E. WASHINGTON. Ri. 0444
FEDERAL NIGHT, I925-l ton, jusc over
hauled. good tires; SIS down.
CARR AUTO SALES co.
5436 z. Wash. st. IT. 1l24.
GOOD-Used trucks: terms to suit. 1925
East Maryland Street DR.. 2220.
FORD / TON TRUCK-Open cab; stake
body; good condition: $50 down.
CARR AUTO SALES co.
54S6 E. Wash. ST. Ir il24.
TRUCK-Federal ~ ton; pneumatic tires.
Al condition: bargain; terms. Or. 0i07.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
Musical Instruments

TEN oRTHoPHoNIC VICTROLAs-Soms-
body's loss-youT gain. You can have any
one Of these OrthophonicS by paying a
small weekly payment on the balance.
See MR.. BOYD. Baldwin Piano Company.
Al Monument Circle
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
Suburban for Sale

WOodlawn Rabbitry
Open for inspection daily.
See our Rabbit Ranches. Pendle-
ton Pike near 38th st.
Rabhitry Phone Cherry 7103, or
THE WASHINGTON COMPANY
LII. 254l. Mr.. Burcaw
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-03-27
miscellaneous Wanted

W ~ HIGHEST SPOT CASH PRICE
s "a FOR FURNITURE, RUGS,
>sSlss4 ETC. CALL US BEFORE YOU
- SELL Riley 20la
~ - HODGES AUCT. co.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA NEWS

University of Arizona (Tucson)
May 22.-At the annual com.
mencement of the University of
Arizona which will be held the
evening of June 5. there will be
granted 80 advanced degrees and
approximately 240 bachelors de
grees according to q recentan
nouncement from the registrars
office.
For the first time in the his
tory of the University, the de.
gree of master of music will be
awarded to Sister Mary Eulalia
of St. Joseph's Academy, Tue
son. Other advanced degrees
that will be awarded are: II
masters of science. Is masters of
art, juris doctor, l administra.
tive engineer of mines. and l
civil engineer.
Dr.. George Rebec. dean of the
graduate school at the Univer.
sity of Oregon, will deliver the
commencement address. The
University and Society" is the
subject of DR.. Rebec's address.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

Estate OF Louie Kang also known
as Fong Kim Tai and Fong Tuang
Tai, deceased
NOTICE is hereby given by the
~ undersigned Benjamin Wong,
administrator OF the estate Of Louie
Kang also known as Fong Kim
Tai and Fong Tuang Tai, deceas-
ed, TO the creditors OF and all
persons having claims against the
said deceased, to exhibit them, with
the necessary vouchers, within four
months after the first publication
OF this notice to the said admins.
traitor at the law office OF Noon q
Noon. Nogales, Arizona, the same
being the place for the transaction
OF the business of said estate, in the
county OF Santa Cruz, Arizona.
BENJAMIN WONG,
Administrator Of the estate Of
Louie Kang also known as Fong
Kim Tai and Fong Tuang Tai, de.
ceased.
Dated Nogales, Arizona, this 9th
day OF May, 1929. 5-l1-5t
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

In the Superior Court of Santa
Cruz county, State OF Arizona.
Estate OF Sarah M. Black, de.
ceased.
NOTICE is hereby given by the
~ undersigned Kate A. Johnson,
executrix of the estate OF Sarah M.
Black, deceased, to the creditors OF
and all persons having claims
against the said deceased, to exhibit
them, with the necessary vouchers,
within four months after the first
publication Of this notice to the
said Kate A. Johnson, executrix.at
Nogales, Arizona, at the office OF
Duffy d Robins, the same being
the place for the transaction OF the
business of said estate, in the coun-
ty OF Santa Cruz.
KATE A. JOHNSON,
Executrix OF the estate of Sarah
M. Black, deceased.
Dated at Nogales, this End day
Of May, 1929. 5.4-5t
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
NOTICE CALLING FOR BIDS

Notice Il Hereby Given That
the Mayor and Board of Alder.
men of the city of Nogales, Santa
Cruz county. Arizona, will on the
3rd day of June. 1929, ct eight
p. m., receive bids for
the purchase by said city. for
use of the Police Department,
one light six cylinder touring car
with one spare tire and equipped
with Double Eagle tires and
front and rear bumpers. Price
stated in all bids must state cash
price of new automobile and
amount which will be allowed for
present police car in the event
it is decided to apply same on
the purchase price.
Bids must be sealed with the
name of the bidder endorsed on
the envelope, and deposited with
the City Clerk of the city Of No
gales before the hour above
named.
The Mayor and Board of AL
dermen reserve the right to re-
ject any and all bids.
Dated May 18th, 1929.
PHIL HERoLD,
5-18-2t City Clerk.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate of Jose Alfredo Beck,
deceased.
NOTICE is hereby given by
the undersigned administrative
of the estate Of Alfredo Beck,
deceased. to the creditors Of and
all persons having claims against
the said deceased, to exhibit
them, with the necessary vouch.
ers, within four months after the
first publication of this notice to
the said administrative, at the
Office of Duffy & Robins, in the
Sisk building at Nogales, Ari.
zona, the same being she place
for the transaction of the bust
ness of said estate, in the county
of Santa Cruz.I
= ANNIE B. UGALBE,
Administrative of the estate Of
Alfredo Beck, deceased.
Dated at Nogales. Arizona, this
9th day of May, 1929. 5-11-5t
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
MAY END CHURCH TROUBLES

Mexico City, May. = Feeling
is now growing in Mexico that q
healing of the enlargement be
tween the Roman Catholic church
and the Mexican government
will develop from negotiations
which the two seem on the verge
of beginning.
There has been q noticeable
reaction favorable to- reapproach
ment since the statement of
Archbishop Ruiz of Michoacan
at Washington recently and its
answer from President Emilio
Portes Gil that overtures for
co. operation in bettering the
Mexican people would not be un
welcome.
Announcement has been made
here that Bishop Antonio Guizar
Valencia, of the Chihushua dio
cese, has arrived in Rome to
confer with the vatican regard
ing q settlement. The bishop
was in Washington at the time
chbishop Ruiz announced will
ingness on the part of the church
authorities to cooperate with the
president in matters involving
Mexicans' welfare.
Dispatches from the vatican
city relating conversations be.
tween Pope Plus XII and Bishop
Emanuel B. Ledvina of Corpus
Christi, Texas, whose diocese
lies along the Mexican border,
were read here with interest.
During a 20 minute private au
dience the pontiff questioned the
bishop. with regard to the state OF
Mexican opinion on the church
and he told the prelate be was
praying and hoping there would
be friendly relations between the
church and official Mexico As
soon as possible.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
IS LIBERTY PASSING /?

Pobably much of our modern
increase in crime can be laid TO
the fact that in the past quarter
century q vast number Of acts,
once innocent and legal, have
been turned into offenses by
legislation.
Instead of liberal, we'll order
ed legal code that permits every
citizen to lead his own life so
long as be don't tread on his
fellows, we are burdened with a
multitude of petty laws, many of
these conflicting, and practically
all of them bound by red tape.
In q recent article, 81. L. Men
cken, editor of the American
Mercury, said that ''the bill of
Rights is on its last legs. Step
by step, at first cautiously but OF
late boldly, the learned justices
have found reasons to sustain
the wholesale destruction. first
of individual rights, and then of
State rights. Today the once
free American citizen is mere
subject.
What real crime there is, and
no doubt there is Q great deal OF
it, could be easily enough handl.
ed under a simple, rigorous and
swift legal and penal code. Once
murderers and thugs found that
techicalities and evasions were
of no avail and served only to
hurry them to the hoosegow,
crime would start down hill.
Once the sob sister and profes
sional reformers were put ir
their place, real offenses against
society would diminish.
The average person is vel
disposed and honest. And the
the average criminal woulc
swiftly eschew his profession i
punishment were certain an(
swift. We need fewer and bet
ter laws. not more; q simple
legal machinery, not a mor'
ponderous one.-Tempe News.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
WHY HARAss THE RAILROADS I

In his report for 1928. Presi.
dent w. B. Storey. of the Atchi.
son Topeka and Santa Fe Rail.
road, made some plain state.
ments regarding railroad legisla.
tion and regulation which are
deserving of serious considera
tion.
There are some aspects OF
the general railroad situation
which cause concern" he said.
For time after government
control there was q generally
helpful attitude on the part Of
the public toward the roads
which effectively restrained hos.
tile legislation. Now. however,
the need Of fair treatment of the
railroads in order to insure .
capable transportation machine
seems to be forgotten. and sun
dry measures for the benefit Of
this or that interest are being
pushed in the legislative bodies
after they have been held to be
improper. unjust and unwarrant.
ed by the commissions and DO
dies appointed to take care Of
such matters.
Such measures as full crew
and train limit bills, the bill to
abolish the Pullman surcharge
and the so-called Hoch-Smith
resolution are examples. Pro
vision for subsidies in connec
ton With waterways and for
control of traffic at the expense
of the railroads is another ex
ample.
THE railroads have spent bill
lions to enlarge their facilities
and are in a position to give ade
qnate transportation, but volume
of business is necessary to make
these expenditures remunera
tive. II the waterways need and
receive special legislation and
financial assistance, fair compe
tition is not maintained, the gov
ernment becomes . partner in
waterway transportation, the
taxpayers, including the rail
roads, furnishing . part Of the
funds required, and . substan
stial part OF the traffic which the
railroads are prepared to han.
die. is diverted"
Taxes are another matter OF
grave concern to the railroads
over q million dollars day are
being exacted and the sum- both
in amount and in percentage of
income. Is ever-increasing. Grip
Pile the railroads and all business
suffers.-The Manufacturer.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
LEWIS W. DOUGLAS ON THE JOB

Washington, D. c.. May 11.-
Growers of long-staple cotton in
Arizona and California, promis.
ed equality under the tariff dur.
ing the recent political cam
paign, find that in the pending
Republican Hawley Smoot bill
they are not only denied the
promised equality, but that dis.
crimination against them is even
more pronounced. Instead of
protection against importations
of about 200, 900 bales of Egyp
tian cotton brought in annually,
medium and long staple cotton
is left on the free list, while in.
creased protection is given those
who manufacture this cotton into
thread and fabrics. Comment
ing on the new Republican tariff
bill, Representative Lewis w.
Douglas, OF Arizona, said:
Upon analysis, the proposed
tariff act discloses, to an even
greater extent than the act Of
1922, . fundamental injustice. It
is now proposed that political
debts be liquidated by imposing
the burden of payment on the
farmer and the consuming pub
lie. The textile manufacturers
of New England are given super.
protection-practical embargo
protection. while growers of Del
Ia and Pima cotton, of which
there is an exportable surplus if
used in lieu OF the lower priced
Egyptian cotton. is given none.
The case for q tariff on cotton of
Il inch staple and longer is much
clearer than the case for a tariff
on manufactured cotton goods.
Yet the manufactures Of New
England is given the protection
of an embargo while the farmer
and the public pay the bill.
The tariffs granted agricul
tural products are mostly lllu
sionary. The tariffs on wheat
and corn. Of which there are
large exportable surpluses, will
be ineffective, while the tariff on
tomatoes is nnjustifiable. The
protection given sugar imposes
q burden OF over. $24O. 600, 600 .
year on the public.
The tariffs in the pending bill
have been granted on represent
atoms Of those who seek to ben
eft in order that political sup
port may be perpetuated. A
tariff act should be predicated
on accurate data to give protec
tion. not on information of be
neficiaries to grant embargoes.
The tariff should be removed
from the field Of political in,
trigue."
The border vidette., 1929-05-25
ARIZONA WEEKLY INDUSTRIAL
REVIEW
May 20, 1929


Globe-Contracts awarded for
more than two miles of piping in
this city.
Imperial Mining Company Of
Phoenix incorporated with $780,.
600 capitalization.
Tucson Montgomery Ward &
Company will establish store
here in near future.
Mesa Modern grammar school
building to be erected here.
New Royal Cafe opened re.
Gently at Winslow.
Globe Phototone equipment
installed at Martin Theatre.
Chloride = Extensive mining
activity underway in local field.
Site selected for erection of
$40, 900 armory ia Nogales.
Clifton Springerville road be.
ing graded for g. miles north OF
Alpine.
Superior will soon have new
She'll oil service station and sup.
ply depot.
Mesa - 100000 addition will
be built to Hotel FL Portal.
Globe-Maurel swimming pool
improved at cost Of nearly $4,000.
Arizona Edison Company of
Globe recently made two trans,
mission line extensions to supply
residents in outlying districts.
Street paving operations will
be started shortly in Winslow.
Superior - New landing field
formally opened.
Holbrook store of Arizona Co.
operative Mercantile Institution
extensively improved.
Globe-Cobb Bros. to construct
store building on Cycamore and
Hill streets. -
Arizona Edison Company will
build dam and power plant on
Gila River one mile above Guth
rie.
Stafford Contract awarded for
erection of new hotel building.
Holbrook has new municipal
airport.
Casa Grande-$4O, 900 theatre
will soon be constructed here.
Bisbee-Paving of Stag Dump
Hill to be rushed.
First observatory to be built
in United States to study atmos.
pheric electricity now under con.
struction at Tucson.
Airport will be established in
Nogales in near future.
Yuma-Survey underway pre-
liminary to actual work on Yuma
County's 5000. 600 road construc.
tion program.
New business building erected
at Glendale.
Yuma-Store building to be
constructed on Main street.
Phoenix-Arizona's output of
lumber in 1928 exceeded by 2.
600, 900 board feet the production
in 1927. Is.
U. S. Highways 66 and 70 to
be paved through the corporate
limits of Holbrook.
Navajo - Apache Telephone
Company established in new of.
fee building at Eager.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25

Calumet & Arizona Mining
Co. and New Cornelia Copper
Co. consolidated Twill spend 1854.
600 for improvements and addi.
tions to properties in B!sbee and
Douglas districts.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25

Building permits issued in city
of Phoenix for April aggregated
$436, 842. compared with $247, POS
for same month last year.
The border vidette., 1929-05-25

Ajo- approximately S.. 200, 900
being expended for improve
ments and additions at New Cor.
nelia fiotation plant in this place.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-04-02

home. 3l05 North Pennsylvania
street. Burial will be private in
Crown Hill cemetery.
A former president Of the Indian
apols Bar association, Mr.. Whit
comb was regarded as one of the
ablest lawyers in the state.
Born in Clinton
Born in Clinton; Ind, the son Of
John and Lydia Whitcomb, he was
educated in the Clinton elemen-
tary schools and was graduated
from De PAW university in 1898,
Two years later he was graduated
from Yale university law school.
Entering the practice of law here
in 1896 with the late Albert ]. Bev-
eridge, Mr.. Whitcomb continued this
association until 1910. He served
one term, in 1898, as state represent
ative from Marion county. Elmer
w. Stout and Samuel H. Dowden
next entered into partnership with
Mr.. Whitcomb. Stout withdrew in
1916, and in 1921 G. G. Shirley joined
the firm. Following the latter's
death year ago, Louis B. Ewbank,
former Judge Of the Indiana SUI
preme court, joined the firm.
In 1916, Mr.. Whitcomb was mar
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-04-02
HELP KIDNEYS
BY DRINKING
MORE WATER
Take Salts to Flush Kidneys
and Help Neutralize Ir-
ritating Acids.

Kidney and bladder Invitations
often result from acidity, says a
noted authority. The kidneys help
filter this acid from the blood and
pass it on to the bladder.
Bladder weakness, most folks call
it. While it is extremely annoying
and sometimes very painful, this is
often one of the most simple all
ments to overcome. Begin drinking
lots of soft water, also get about
four ounces of Jad Salts from your
pharmacist and take a tablespoon
full in a glass Of water before break
fast. Continue this for two or three
days. This will help neutralize the
acids in the system so they no
longer are a source of irritation to
the bladder and urinary organs,
which then act normal again.
Jad Salts is inexpensive, and is
made from the acid of grapes and
lemon juice, combined with lithia,
and is used by thousands of folks
who are subject to urinary disorders
caused by acid irritation. Jad Salts
causes no bad effects whatever.
Here you have pleasant. effer-
vescent Whitewater drink which
may quickly relieve your bladder
itation.-Advertisement.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-04-02
BYNUM RITES TODAY
Widow of Former Con-
qreSSman SuCCumhs.

Funeral services for Mrs. Rachel
Dixson Bynum, 81, who died at 5
o. m. Monday, will be held at 5 p. m.
today at the Ragsdale 81 Price I'M
dertaking establishment, 1919 North
Alabama street.
Burial will be Wednesday at
washington, Ind, beside the body of
her husband, William D. Bynum,
former congressman of the Seventh
district.
Mrs. Bynum had lived with her
son. Dixson H. Bynum, 1881 Ashland
avenue, since her return from Wash
ington in 1905.
Surviving are the son and a
daughter, Miss Maud S. Bynum, In
dianapolis.
Her husband achieved national
prominence when he led the gold
bolt" of the Democratic party in
1896. and was bitterly denounced by
William Jennings Bryan. He was
named on a committee to codify and
revise federal laws by President Nc
Kinley, serving from 1897 until 1906
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-04-02

ried to Miss Sarah Rogers Of To-
ronto. Surviving him besides the
widow are a brother, William A.
Whitcomb of Dentham, Mass, and
two sisters, Mrs. Frank ShepardSou
OF Chicago and Mrs, Harry Hollo-
way Of Glencoe, Ill.
Mr.. Whitcomb was Instrumental
in establishing the Christamore set
tlement house. He was president OF
the indianapolis Bar Association in
1919 and 1920
He was a member of the Meridian
Street NJ. E. church, Columbia Club
University Club, Woodstock Country
Club, indianapolis Athletic Clut
and Delta Tau Delta fraternity.
Honorary pallbearers will be Eu-
bank, James w. Fesler, DoWden
Charles Martindale, Thaddeus r
Baker. Charles s. Willard, Elmer w
Stout, H. H HornbrOok. DR.. John A
Mcdonald and Arthur L. Stout.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-04-02
Aviation
NOTED AIRMEN
WILL JOIN IN
AIR SHOW HERE
Reserve Officers to Hold
National Convention in
City in April.

A number of noted flierS viii CO.
operate in the air demonstration
April "a at the National Guard air
port, Mars Hill, in connection with
the national convention of the Re-
serve officers Association.
Colonel A. J. Dougherty, chief OF
staff, Eighty-fourth division, has
been named chairman of the demon
stration arrangements committee.
General Charles P. Summerall,
chief of staff, United States army,
will speak at the morning session,
April %. Patrick J. Hurley, assist
ant secretary of war for aeronautics,
will fly to the convention. JONES
w. Good, secretary of war, also is
expected to attend.
Cooperation in the air demon
stration has been promised by the
commanding officer of Wright field,
Dayton.
The three day convention will be
attended by reserve officers from all
states of the Union,