davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
Organization for Class Struggle

The great national industrial union, that
has lust been founded at the convention of
cloakmakers. dressmakers and furriers, will
without doubt become a cornerstone IN the
new structure of trade-unionism that is be-
ing erected in important sections of Ameri-
can industry. in which the offensive of the
bosses. assisted by capitalist government
and "labor'' bureaucrats alike, had smashed
M the older unions and transformed the
fragments of those organizations into COM
pany unions
Sharp. clear vision and militant class
LOYALTY mark the work of this historic con-
vention Recognizing that trustified III
dustry has long been making the old craft
unions into playthings-or worse, making
them into the bosses own dangerous tools
against the workers-the needle workers
have discarded the old craft-union preJudlces.
The new union is being built on the basis of
Industrial unionism and the shop-delegate
system The workers themselves will control
this union 1t will fight for them, rather
than for high-salaried bureaucratic parasites
who perpetuate themselves in office at the
expense of the workers The leaders of the
new union, by provision of the constitution,
are to receive no more in salary than the
amount of a skilled workers wages in the
shop, and this "little" thing is a healthy in
dication.
The preamble to the draft of the consti-
tuition of the new union gives recognition
to the class struggle. While semi-company
unions under the guidance of the fiat boys"
are revamping their whole structure and
practice to the plan of class collaboration,
while flood of poisonous PHILOSOPHY" of
class collaboration is being poured upon the
heads of the working class by trade union
bureaucrats, bosses efficiency experts, pro-
sfessors and the yellow socialist party, the
needle trades workers keep their heads clear
and boldly acclaim the struggle not only for
their everyday demands, but for the liberia
ton of their class.
This revolt from the trade union bureau
Gratis and from those parasites whom the
needle trades workers have learned to call
g'stfe socialist politicians" is, however, not
running into the other ditch of reformism
called syndicalism. Too often in the past of
American labor history the revolt from
political" reformism has simply flopped into
the ditch of denial of the political struggle.
A famous reactionary in the needle trades
once said at moment when he attempted
a gesture toward the left, that "non-partisan
political action is no political action Of
course this is deceptive For mo- political
action on the part of the working class is,
in fact, political support of the existing rule
of the capitalist class Political action" as
the workers have experienced it from the
socialist party, is capitalist politics against
the workers Political action as the workers
are learning to understand it Correctly is
working class action disputing the very CT
tadel of the bosses power-their power to
rule, their state power their injunctions,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
Continued
By EARL BROWDER.

January / had been set as the
date for the congress of the kuo-
mintang, which was to decide the
course of the nation. Now it is an
nounced that the congress is post
poned to March 18th. In this action
may be seen one of the first effects
of the re-grouping now taking place
within the militarist cliques known
collectively as the Kuomintang, a
re-grouping that occurs under the
influence of international forces.
The imperialist press in China ex-
plains the postponement as the re-
suit of the struggle between the
Central Committee in Marking and
the cleft wing" of the Kuomintang
controlling the District Committees.
The "North China Daily News" de-
CARED:
..The vigorous attack made by
number Of District Kuomintang
Committees against the decision
Of the Central Executive that one
half of the number of delegates to
the conference would be appointed
by the central party office, is
largely responsible for the post
,,osieaaent.'
Fleeing Heroes"
This would be very interesting if
rue. These so-called cleft" ele-
nents, led by such figures as Wang
,hing-wei and Chen Kung-po, are
he representatives of such petty
ourgeois and intellectual groups
still imagine they can play an in
ependent role in the revolution.
ut there is no evidence whatever
justify the view that these
heroes" of a hundred flights from
attic are willing or able to make
ly serious attempt to control the
,ngrcss. Their most extreme wea-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
The Struggle Against Imperlalist War
and the Tasks of the Communists

The slogan proletariat militia Ia
militia of the toilers, a workers and
peasants militia) takes the place OF
the demand for democratic militia.
When, in the process of the revolu-
ton in the colonies, the question OF
the immediate seizure OF power
arises. the question of organizing a
Red Army must be brought up
simultaneously with the organization
of Soviets. The old, revolutionary,
democratic forms of army organiza-
ton must be substituted by class
forms, dictated by the proletarian
revolution.
\ 81. In the fight against imperial
ism, for the carrying out OF ma
tional-revolutionary military policy,
it is absolutely necessary to conduct
systematic agitational and propa-
gandist work among the colonial
armies. Communists and national rev.
dictionaries must therefore careful
ly study the various types of colonial
armies and to devise effective meth
DDS for working among the various
types. AS the case of China shows
work in badly disciplined and badly
paid native mercenary troops, fire.
quently has many chances OF sue
cess.
Partial Demands
In such cases, the partial demands
may be somewhat similar to those
enumerated above for imperialist
States; but here too, careful study
must be made of the concrete cir
cumstances (class composition Of
the army, morale of the troops, eco
nomic conditions, etc.. Special at.
tention must be paid to the form.
ulation of the demands of the native
troops and to combating ill-treatment
of the native troops by the white
officers.
The character of the work that
Communists must carry on in ma
tional armies will differ from thai
in other types of armies, but it il
extremely important that this worl
should be done as the experience Of
the national war in China in 1862
has shown. In this case, the task o.
the Communists is to organize nu
clei throughout the whole of tht
army; to make it more consciou.
instrument in the fight against i'm
perialism; in the interests of thu
national revolution to fight agains
the unreliable elements among tn,
officers, and where the command
is not yet in the hands of the sol
diers by the application of wide rev
dictionary democracy.
1t must always be borne in mine
that the system of electing officer
prevailed in the army of the Con
vent during the French revolution
and that that army achieved grea
victories, whereas the absolutely un
democratic system of organization
of the Southern armies in China il
1926-27 greatly facilitated TIL
treacherous turn taken by the bour
tgeoisie and their generals.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02


c. The Proletariat's Attitude To-
wards Armies in Colonial and Semi
Colonial Countries.
So. With the opening of the per-
iod Of national revolutions and wars
of oppressed nations against imper-
ialism, the military question as
sumed decisive Importance in all
colonial and semi-colonial countries.
This is true of countries which are,
or have been, in state of war with
imperialism (China, Morocco, Syria,
Nicaragua as we'll as of those
countries in which open war is not
yet being conducted India, Egypt,
Mexico, the Philippines, Korea)
Clearly, the military question in re-
lation to national wars against i'm
perialism must be formulated diff
ferently from that in relation to i'm
perialist states.
81. 1t must not be forgotten that
two altogether different types of
armies (Which are not always revo-
lutionary armies) and on the other
hand we have imperialist armies
(Which are either expeditionary
forces despatched from the home
country or armies consisting of ma
tives of other colonial countries or
else armies recruited in the given
colonial country.
In China we have both types of
armies and also an example of how
national armies become practically
converted into imperialist armies.
After Chang Kai-shek's coup, the
southern national army became
transformed into an army practical
ly serving ifnperialist aims. OBJ
viously, the attitude of the prole-
tariat and of the revolutionary toll
ing masses towards these two types
of armies must be different.
With regard to the national
armies, the military program of
Marx and Engels of 1S48-187O, j. e.,
the characterization of these armies
for the purpose of converting them
into revolutionary armies, must be
applied with certain notifications.
In regard to the imperialist armies,
we can apply only the defeatist pro-
gram, i. e., disintegration from
within. In the event of special Of
ficer units or bourgeois class mill
tary organizations existing, efforts
must be made to isolate and liqui-
date them, i. e., the program which
must be applied in imperialist coun-
tries must be applied here.
From the point of view of tactics
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02

there exists third type of army IN
colonial and semi-colonial countries
in addition to the two types already
mentioned, i. e., the army command
ed by the imperialists, and in which
a struggle is proceeding between the
national movement and the imper-
ialists india, Egypt, Indo-China,
Syria, Algiers, Tunis, etc.,.
Concrete Slogans.
In such cases, the elements of
both programs must be combined
according to concrete circumstances,
i. e., the defeatist program must be
applied to the armies, or certain
units of these armies which are I'M
der the command of the imperial
lists, and at the same time the slo-
gans of the armed nation (militia)
and a national army must be adj
vanced.
The slogan for national army
must be advanced when the concrete
situation is suitable for it and put
forward in such way as to prevent
it being misused by the imperialists
and their flunkeys Complete indie
pendence of the army from the i'm
perialists, organization of the army
on the widest democratic basis, cleo
ton of officers, etc.,.
The slogan: Withdraw the imper-
ialist armies from the colonies;
Withdraw the imperialist cadres
and officers from native armies,
must be advanced in colonies as well
as in the home countries.
Relation To USSR.
IS. In order to determine the at
titude to be taken towards the mill
tary system in colonial and semi
colonial countries, consideration must
be given to the political role being
played by the given country at the
given moment, in the decisive
stages of the international revolu-
ton, i. e., whether it is an ally or
a foe of the Soviet Union, of the
ChlneSe revolution, etc.
On the whole, the proletariat, and
the revolutionary masses among the
oppressed nations, must demand the
democratic system of ornaments in
which all the toilers are able to
learn the use of arms, which will
improve the defense of the country
against imperialism, secure the in
fluence of the workers and peasants
in the army, and facilitate the
struggle for the hegemony of the
proletariat in the democratic revo-
luton.
Colonial Program.
Unlike the position in regard to
the imperialist states, the slogans
universal military service, the mill
tary training of the youth, a demo-
cratic militia, national army, etc.,
must be included in the revolution
airy military program in colonial and
semi-colonial countries. In the pres
ent historical epoch, however, the
| tactics of the national revolutionary
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02

the broad masses of workers through
the creation of mass organs, through
the application of united front tao
tics from below, can we succeed in
doing justice to the task of organic
ing strikes even in face Of the re-
sistance Of the reformist trade
union apparatus.
TO Be Continued
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
(Continued)

(Note.-This is the ninth install
ment of the theses on the war dan
ger, adopted by the 9th World Con-
gress of the Communist Information
al at it's recent sessions in Moscow,
entitled "The Struggle Against I'M
perialist War and the Tasks of the
Communists. "-Editor.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
TEACH MILITARIsM BY MAIL.

TEACH MILITARISM BY NAIL.
ARCADIA, Fla, Jan. IA CORE
spondence school in military train
ing has been established here by
Capt. Chesterfield Smith of the U.
S. Army. 1t is believed that Smith
is backed by the government.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02
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The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-01-02

Talk about spced-up! That's
something I'm doing nothing else
but these days-speeding up those
greetings and donations for the fifth
anniversary Of the Daily Worker. \
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
CANADA FIGHTS
DRUNKEN DRIVING
1880 License Plates Brinu
Blotters Telling Dangers
of Intoxicatiun.

ONTARIO, Canada.-The 1880 motor
car license plates for the Province of
Ontario carry with them a large yellow
blotter. That liquor and gasoline make
poor mixture is the text of the blotter
Motor drivers attention! Don't col
Tide with scientific facts! Motor acct
dents like the above" says the caption
below the picture Of wrecked automo-
pile, are occurring on our highways
result Of liquor"
The blotter, published by the Tenn
perance Education Council of Toronto,
goes on to admonish the drivers of the
province where liquor can be bought
under the Ontario liquor control act.
In red type along the bottom of the
blotter, Don't take the risk!" Then
follows quotation from Police Magis-
trate Browne Of Toronto: after drink
ing, it Is impossible to drive carefully
In smaller type the motorist is told
that while 1t takes one-ffth Of second
for normal mans mental processes to
stimulate him to brake his car in an
emergency, the same process, according
to high medical authority, takes from
two-fifths to three-fifths of a second
with man who has taken no more al
cohol than Is contained in two ounces
Of whisky.
"a drink or two of liquor means a
loss Of two-f1fths of a second in an
emergency" the blotter continues
when it is recalled that a car going at
IS miles an hour will travel between 20
and 81 feet in two-flfths of a second,
one sees how seriously the margin of
safety is impaired. Your own life and
the lives of others are at stake"
Drinking in motor cars Is forbidden
by law in Ontario.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
AUTO SEEN AS FASTEST
TRANSPORTATION METHOD
Manufacturer Says Parking Facili-
ties and Roads Must Keep
Pace With Cars.

The great increase In the use Of the
automobile in business has called atten-
Ton OF authorities Of municipalities in
al parts Of the United States to the
necessity Of an early and practical So
luton Of the parking problem, accord
ing to H. H. Franklin. president in the
autonotive industry, who has driven his
car more than $4,000 miles In a dozen
States this year on business journeys.
The fiexibility of the automobile as
O transportation medium assures its in
cfeasing use, Mr. Franklin states. With
the faster and more luxuriant cars now
being manufactured and the building of
better roads, he declares automobiles
VIII become the fastest as we'll as the
safest means Of travel, averaging better
time from starting point to destination
than either train or plane. The auto
mobiles great advantage, he says, is
that It need not wait for favorable Wea-
ther. requires no transfers and is al
ways ready to go.
Municipal as well as State and Fed
erAl authorities are recognizing the
need for better roads to keep up with
this increasing automobile traffic. Mr.
Franklin declares that the next few
years will see cars capable Of speeds in
excess Of 100 miles an hour with safety,
providing the road building program In
the United States keeps pace with the
improvement In motor cars. This in
turn will see greater expansion in the
use Of automobiles than ever before.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
Road Building Keeps Cash Circulating
As Revealed by Survey Made in Iowa

Il money spent like water over the
dam? fortunately not for the work of
0 dollar Ia never done All too free
quently money expended by govern
mental bodies Is regarded by the tax
payer as money that is gone forever,
when a. q matter Of fact, the spending
OF money by the Government gives the
dollar at least q double value.
First Of all. O convenience or i'm
provenent is purchased which enables
the Government to better serve its cit
liens. Secondly, money spent for i'm
provements goes into the pockets Of In
dividuals. and not unstrangely labor
gets more than any other factor.
In the matter Of paved highway con-
struction, for instance, labor receives
more than half OF the total expeY1di-
ture, as Is shown by an analysis OF costs
made by the Iowa State Highway Com
mission. In Iowa the construction
cost Of q mile Of concrete pavement has
averaged .$36,1S4, Of which 52 per cent,
or S,706, goes to labor through various
channels
Costs for a mile Of highway are dis
tributed as follows Stone aggregate,
s3,44l; cement. 1886; reinforcing
steel. $3.50; freight, $500: grading,
$4,000: miscellaneous contractors costs,
including profits, $95l7.
From these items labor receives the
following amounts. Stone aggregate,
1882; cement, $3,116; reinforcing steel,
$685.; freight 42,446 grading, el,5o0,
and the labor portion Of miscellaneous
contractors costa, 46,30A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
AUTO OWNERS WARNED
OF WINTER PROBLEMS
fabrication Should Be as Carefully
Applied Then as in Summer,
View Of Expert.

Car owners who carry into effect q
belief that fabrication for their auto
mobiles is less essential during the Win
ter than in the Summer are likely to
pay dearly as result.
80 says oscar Coolican, local auto
mobile dealer, in pointing out that the
motorist has quite as much of a lubri-
cation responsibility now as he had a
few months ago when Temperatures
we're higher and touring trips longer.
"There is a disposition On the part
Of many motorists to drop the sched-
ule which they may have followed re-
ligiously during the Summer" Mr..
Coolican states.
"Just why this should be so is a
little bit difficult to say, although there
are any number Of reasons one might
assign for 1t. However, the cause is not
nearly 50 important as the effect. The
fact remains that countless car owners
who would not fail to keep their cars
well fabricated in Summer already have
departed from the rigid routine which
then obtained.
This illogical practice can have but
one result-rapid depreciation, with its
attendant costly repairs. dissatisfaction
and general unpleasantness.
1.-THE advice to motorists to remain
conscientious in the fabrication Of their
cars during the cold months which lie
before us Is based on experience. And,
experience Is an exacting teacher.
Don't forget that the car needs oil
and grease no matter how cold the
weather and no matter what the sea-
SON."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
FARM HIGHWAYS
NETWORK URGED
Bulk of Traffic Flows Over
State Roads That Need
SurfaCing.

What is a farm-to-T1arket road? A
simple question, yet much is dependent
upon the answer, according to e. E.
Duffy, highway educational writer.
Obviously a farm-to-rnarket road is
one that leads from farming areas to
the nearest market where the demand
for produce is good and rail shipping
facilities are adequate.
On that basis most all of the roads
in the United States could be called
farm roads, for even out in
the sparsely populated sections of the
West farms may be found at fairly FREE
quent intervals.
Cannot Improve All.
In considering the wholesale improve
ment of farm-to-market roads it Is
clear that all of them cannot be given
equal attention. It Is further apparent
that the States and the United States,
through Federal aid, can improve and
maintain in q good condition only q
portion of the total road length of
100000 miles. This means that full
attention can be given only to those
roads that carry the most traf1c.
Investigations have revealed that
about 05 per cent OF the motor traffic
is carried over the 100000 miles enl-
bIdSSu Ii 0UdGS SySGSII1S. 4IlSSe oUU,UUU
miles of roads are through routes; they
connect all principal towns and cities;
the bulk Of the farming population
lives along them or but a short dis
lance back on secondary routes.
Inasmuch as the State systems are
still far from completion, the first job
is the improvement of these roads to q
point where car operating costs ana
road upkeep costs are lowest. A skele-
ton system Of pavements, within easy
access of most farms, will cut transport
tation costs far more than q spread
out system of inferior roads, which In
themselves would consume great blocks
of cash in maintenance.
Must Consider Bulk.
Roads must be built that will permit
the greatest number Of farmers to have
year-round transportation without the
load limitations demanded of light
surfaced highways when rain and thaws
get busy-and Is so often the case on
State routes In agricultural States. The
high cost Of light surfacings Is demon
strated In Minnesota and Wisconsin,
where even trucks collecting milk must
reduce their loads when the roads are
bad.
Farm-to-narket roads vary widely
in traff1c burden and no blanket rule
There are roads, OF course, not included
in the State systems over which rural
traffic is heavy. These roads should be
well paved-even If only 9-foot strip
Of rigid pavement can be laid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
MIDWEST FARMERS
HELD PROSPEROUS
Automotive Executive Declares
Millions in Buying Power to
Be in 1880 Markets.

Americas Middle Western farmers
are prosperous. Their buying power is
such that industry throughout the
country will feel the effect Of their
prosperity during 1880. Not only auto
mobile manufacturers, but the produce
ers of everything that is used on the
farm will find great markets through
out the Middle West next year. These
predictions were made by r. T.
Hodgkins, general sales manager in the
automotive industry, on his return Fri
day to Detroit from one Of series of
trips that during three months have
taken him into nearly every one Of the
great agricultural States Of the Missis-
sippi Valley.
prosperity Is general from Chicago
to Denver, from Canada to the Gulf,
thanks to a mammoth wheat harvest
and corn crop that in Iowa alone is
valued at $500, zoo, 000," Hodgkins said.
Hence the backbone of Americas con-
Stunning power is in buying mood,
already evidenced by record-making
purchases of radios, farm implements
and other articles"
In addition to predicting that the
automobile and other manufacturers
will gain rich returns from this pros
perity Of Mississippi Valley farmers
during 1880, he pointed out that the
agricultural regions had not been hit
by the recent stock market collapse
He called on business men tending
toward encouragement to recognize the
inherent soundness of American pros
perity and to build for the future with
that in mind.
President Hoover shows great wis
dom in marshaline the active wealth
Of the country to combat the pessimisn
caused by the stock market antics,
said Hodgkins. 1.-THE speedy accept
ance CT his suggestion by the Nations
great employers is overpowering testi-
mony of their own confidence in the
future"