Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-28

| ana the Man0metanS at once started
killing the Hindus. Word of this
reached the detective and he arrived
with a battalion Of, native police 20
When he arrived the Hindus had taken
refuge in the village square; occasion
ally the Mahometans would make q
rush, drag a Hindu out, kill him and
go back for more.
The native police were Mahometans
and the Englishman told seven to de-
fend the village square against the at
tackers-who were Mahometans, too.
These policemen called on the able
bodied Hindu young men to stand with
them to help them in the fight. There
were many young men there and there
we're more Hindus than Mahometans,
anyway, but not one of the Hindus re-
sponded to the call of their defenders.
Idle to Oppose Order.
1t seems idle for the Indians to per-
sist In their opposition to law and Or
der. Assuming that the British lost ia
| terest in India, the rest Of the world, in
these days, would not stand for an
archy In such rich and important part
of the world Let them 60 on with
their primeval habits If they want to
and let them develop their own rich
and marvellous culture, but order there
must be.
The British are pledged to give them
responsible government when they
show they can live side by side with the
rest of the world. They are not in In
| dia merely as conquerors, or even as
good administrators. They realize that
| good government is no substitute for
Sc government, and their voluntary
| abdication of authority has been going
on for a longer period than IS gener-
ally realized, eliminating in the law of
1919, establishing the "dyarchy' which
now governs India.
Englishmen point to the regulating
as first evidence of a liberalizing tend
ency, followed by the charter act of
1888, one of the earliest acts of the
new model" Parliament, which also
put the English poor law Of 1888 into
effect and decreed the abolition of
! slavery on all British territory. Queen
Victoria's famous proclamation of 1858
marked the next step, saying of the
East India Co., which then governed
India, that mo native of the said ter
ritories shall by reason Of his religion,
place of birth, descent color. or any
of them, be debarred from holding any
place, office or employment under the
company"
Demands Of Natives.
Since those days Indian opinion has
conferred in, and events have marched
steadily toward, the realization Of three
main ideals; the increase of the non
official element in the councils, legisla-
tive and executive, of India; the in
PRODUCTION of the principle of election
and, finally, home rule. The first has
been realized by the "dyarchy" system;
the second has been realized as WELL
although only 100000 out of British
midas 240,000,000 are as yet enfran-
chfsed; the realization of the third is
in the hands of the Indians themselves
"Dyarchy," composed of the two
Greek words meaning two and "gov-
ernment," was introduced as the lead
ing feature of the Montague Chelms-
ford reforms In 1919, In response to the
liberalizing currents Of thought then
In the air. BY virtue Of 1t. the follow
ing subjects In the provincial govern
mentS have been transferred to natives:
Local Self-government; medical admin
istration. including hospitals, asylums
and provision for medical education;
public health and sanitation; educa-
ton, other than European and uni
versity education; public works; agri-
culture; civil veterinary work; CO.
operative societies; development of In
dustries; excise, and number Of lesser
subjects. The subjects reserved by the
British include law and order, the ad-
nainistration Of justice, land revenue,
irrigation and others.
Must Become Unified.
This is the only system, the British
believe, which will make the people
realize that, no matter how much they
may hate each other. the force of
events has brought them to the point
where they must either make of them
selves one body polite or abdicate for
ever their claims to nationhood and
independence. This system Is applied
to the provinces because they are the
microcosms of India. The central gov
eminent has been left strong for this
historical reason quoted In the Mon
| tagu- Chelmsford report.
The reason for the success
achieved In America and the British
dominions was in great measure due
to the fact that the provincial demo-
Gratis were thoroughly developed and
established before any attempt was
made to bring the central government
under popular control"
Further autonomy Is now being dis
cuSsed. There is dissatisfaction among
the. natives because the viceroy can
override the Indian Legislature. The
| Simon commission is seeing what can
be done toward satisfying these de-
mands without depriying Britain OF that
| degree Of authority to which her re-
sponsibility entities her.
| The responsibility without au-
thority'' system under which We are
stumbling along in the Philippines has
caused havoc and chaos there, but II
| the British were to tie their own hands
in India the way we did In the Islands,
1t would cause havoc not only in India
| but would probably upset the entire
I Far East. The British are too practical
| for that. They have made promises to
the Indians which they are not going
| to break, but they have too much at
stake in India to free the natives OF
certain necessary check reins too soon.
Mont Cooperation Movement.
The outstanding Indian reaction to
these overwhelming measures OF sell
government has been the non-co-opera-
ton movement-the idea of I'VE won't
play" Propounded by clever politician
Mahatma Gandhi, 1t is still factor In
India Lots of Indians are playing now
who did not do so few years ago
They realize that Gandhi's idea Is mega
tive, that 1t offers no substitute for ex-
iSting conditions, and that q substitute
better than the British fare must be
put forth before the British fare L
rejected.
One Of the greatest Indian writer's Of
modern times, Sir Rabindranath Tagore
speaks Of 1t as follows:
The idea OF non-co-operation Is
political asceticism. Our students are
bringing their offerings Of sacrifice II
what? Not to fuller education, but
TO a non-education. 1t has at its bach
fierce Joy Of humiliation, which a
, Its best Is asceticism and at its wors
is that orgy OF frightfulness in which