davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
TUBE DEVELOPING
STARTED BY LUCK
Accidental Discovery, How.
ever, Now Is Displaced by
Scientific Research.

SCHENECTADY, N. Y. (P).-Scientific
research has replaced accidental disc0v-
ery In the development of new radio
tubes.
Accidents" mainly were responsible
for starting the radio tube on its way.
First, Thomas A. Edison found that his
incandescant lamp would emit electronS.
MANY years afterward from this Edison
effect" lamp was developed the Fleming
two-element valve, having only MA
ment and a plate. The next step was
made by DR.. Lee DeForest, who in
serted a third element-the grid.
Today scientists in deliberately
equipped laboratories bring forth the
new or improved electronic devices. It
Is constant research, followed by the
the working out of cumulative data,
that enables the production Of the de-
sired tube.
Many Times Developed.
In the early days of broadcasting
there generally we're available two types
OF tubes. Since then about 20 types
have been developed. Many have be-
come obsolete and have been super
seeded.
Numerous factors influence the de-
velopment of new tubes. but generally
their introduction comes about in either
one or two ways. One is through the
discovery of new scientific principles
pointing to the possibility Of improve
ment in efficiency or performance either
in the tube or the receiver.
The other method is followed when o
new condition of tube or receiver use
or new needs of set performance re-
quire a new tube design. Often it may
be necessary to use no new principles.
Modern examples of the two methods
are the new screen grid tubes. the bat
terry 222 and the AC 224, and the new
power tube. the 245. The screen grid
tubes contain fourth element designed
to eliminate feed back.
New Principle Applied.
The idea of tube enthusiastically
shielded to prevent back coupling while
continuing to perform as an amplifler
was conceived by DR.. A. W. Hull. The
his research. In which new scientific
principle was applied to produce q new
tube.
The 245 is an example of the other
type of development. 1t was needed in
the modern AC receiver because other
power tubes were not entirely suitable
The requirements known. it became q
straightforward design problem to de-
velop the tube. Its elements were pro-
pOEGlOIlcu 10 give Tic ucSiEcu output NJ
moderate plate voltage, merely q new
combination of structure details being
involved.
In explaining the work constantly 60
ing on in the tube research laboratory
OF the General Electric Co., j. c. War
ner, engineer. said that the two classes
of development often overlap.
For example" he said, the screen
grid tube not only involved application
st a. a;mIA L.,,A AIe
many features OF design already known.
Again, the 245 incorporated many fea :
lures which themselves were derived
from scientific research"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
BRAZIL WELCOMES SOUND
FILMS AS LINGUISTIC AID
Observers Believe Talkies May
Prove Means of Spreading Knowl-
edge of English in South America.

RIO JANEIRO (P).-The talkies from
the United States may prove an effec-
tive means OF spreading knowledge of
English in South America In the opin-
ion Of observers who witnessed the
success of the first sound film shown
here. A news reel speech by Sebastiao
Sampiano. Brazilian consul general in
New York. delivered in Portuguese, was
for the Rio audiences the real wonder
OF this first talkie program.
Probably there is more English
spoken in Brazil than in any other
South American country. There is
more pro-American attitude here than
elsewhere, due to the commercial re-
lations which are closer between the
two countries than between the United
States and any other South American
republic.
Coffee Is the answer to this in the
first instance, but Brazilians are more
and more goine to the United States
for technical ideas. and several Bra
lillian actors and singers have recently
appeared in theaters there, welding an
other tie between the countries.
The Hollywood product is almost ex-
clusively shown in Brazilian picture
houses, and the talkie has aroused
even more interest in the United States
and its people than did the silent
screen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18

mail, hut each week he will publish the
to n snS the
addressed envelope and addressed to Graham
McNamee. in care Of this newspaper. Please
make your questions brief.
@. When did radio start. and was
Marconi really the inventor ?-Malcolm
c. Ellsworth, Richmond, Va.
A. The fundamental experiments
which later led to radio were begun by
Guglielmo Marconi about IS years ago.
although previous work on the coherer
had been done by a man named Branly
There were steady developments until
1905, ween the audion tube was In
vented. This marked an important
stage in radio progress. While Marconi
pineered the early work, it is not
quite accurate to speak of any one man
as the inventor. Like many other mod
ern inventions, it was q gradual devel-
opment.
@. How many broadcasting stations
are there in the United States. and how
many In other countries?-R. L. S.,
Buffalo. N. Y.
A. About 700 in the United States
and ATS abroad.
@. Why do radio broadcasting sta
tions give so much attention to market
reports? Most of my friends turn them
off and wait for something interesting.
Emily Hicfiborn, Washington, D. G.
A. The importance and popularity OF
market quotations has been very def1-
nitely established. They have been in
creasingly In demand during the last
two or three years, since the wide in
terest in the stock market began. There
are unquestionably more people now
interested in securities in America than
at any time in the past. Any slip-up
on market reports is sure to bring the
broadcasting station an avalanche Of
protesting letters.
q. Are radio health exercises scien-
tthcaliv nianned. and Is there any evil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
PRODUCTION COST TIES
UP AUSTRALIAN COAL

Miners Refuse Cut and as a Result
Shipments Are Received From
England and New Zealand.
SYDNEY, Australia [P).-Csrrying
Goals to Newcastle Is a phrase that has
become literally realized in Australia.
Australia has abundant coal supplies,
but for months the industry has been
at standstill because of the high cost
Of production. The owners sought, by
protracted negotiate and conferences.
to induce the miners to consent to
wage cut. but the cry mot penny on
the pay, not minute on the day" was
raised.
Then the South Australian govern
ment railways began to import fuel
from Great Britain rather than pay the
high prices for Australian coal. Next
the owners closed the mines, and for
some months now orders for thousands
of tons have been going to England and
New Zealand.
The trade In South American ports
that once took supplies from Australia
has been lost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
suain.Africa Bridge Planned.

nv a gigantic bridge across the Strait OF
Gibraltar, If the plans submitted to the
department Of public works In Madrid
by a Spanish engineer are accepted. He
would support the structure on SUB.
merged but firmly anchored floats, ana
equilibrium would be maintained by OPP
posing forces, one tending to bring the
i1oats to tn surface, and the other
working to draw them to the bottom Dy
| cables. To prevent damage ny tne
Aweather, parts Of the bridge woulo %
t~ereA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
Saved From Octopus.

Attacked by an octopus while swim
ming in Akarca Harbor, New Zealand.
T. Vansioni was saved when a friend
dived in and beat the brute of with
club. Wang oni had dived deep when
the octopus seized him and held him In
It's terrifying grip until beaten Of. The
man was on the point Of collapse when
rescued,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
COAST FAN MAIL SHOWS
100 PER CENT INCREASE
Radio Requests to Five Stations
Also Gain Steadily During
Past Year.

SAN FRANCISCO (P)-Fan mail of
five Pacific Coast stations has increased
100 per. cent in the past year, a re-
capitulatien shows.
Requests for photographs are steadily
increasing, but not at the rate of audi
ence mail
The figures did not include thousands
Of requests for special numbers or let
tiers praising programs. During the
FIRST six months of 1929 letters to the
various stations averaged 5000 monthly.
while year ago the average was not
quite 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
Bee Market Very Buzzy.

Buster and buzzier than ever. the an
nusl bee market in Holland this year
was attended by many honey makers
and honey buyers. Millions OF bees
were bought and sold. Wearing heavy
masks composed of A screen face and
a heavy cloth material, the bee sales
man presented a grotesque appearance.
Some were so accustomed to handling
the bees that they did not bother to
wear gloves.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
New Game for Passengers.

To familiarize its passengers with the
train schedule and to keep them
amused ut the same time, a railway in
Europe has started competitions on its
crack train. Each passenger is handed
q card on which to write guesses Of the
exact times ct which the train will pass
three Of the principal stations. Six
prizes are awarded each trip.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
Only Two Men Constituted Americas
Police Force of Ether" Is Years Ago

q handful of experimental land stations
and o few ''tinkering amateurs"
Today thousands of ship and shore
stations, complicated television and air
craft apparatus must be inspected. thou
sands Of commercial and amateur oper-
atorS examined and licensed and q con.
slant watch kept on freuuencies to de-
tect and prevent interference.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
USE FOR EXTRA STEEDS.
Horses Given Mussolini Turned
Over to Militia.

CARRARA, italy tHo.-Mussolini has
found a use for the many gift horses
offered him by ardent admirers in italy
and abroad. After riding them once or
twice, to satisfy the donors, he bestows
them upon mounted units Of the Fascist
militia. The local troop of the S5th
Legion, for example, was given two
splendid Arab grays.
The other quadrupeds the Duce re-
ceives-and lions, tigers and bear cubs
have been literally showered on him
generally wind up as residents Of the
Rome Zoo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
English Language Is Altered by Radio;
Pipe Is Wire Line In Broadcast Parlance

which Is In charge of Edwin K. Conan.
IL similar to the pickup apparatus in q
broadcast studio. It consists of anlpli-
fiers and checking devices which give
the proper quality to the music before
1t goes into the pipe" lines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
TRY AUTOMATIC OlLlNG.

French Auto Makers Test System
at Large Factory.
PARIS tP).-A complete automatic
rreasing system for automobiles is being
tried out at one of the largest French
factories.
The oil pump, besides supplying the
usual motor pressure-feed pipes, pours
oil into the gear shift. From there the
excess flows by gravity to the differ
entail housing. A second pump sends
the oil through small pipes to all
grease-cup points under high pressure,
the excess returning to the starting
point in the crankcase pump.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
Stations Divide Time.

Stations WBAL Baltimore, and
VITO. Hartford, now are dividing time
on 282.8 meters. Program schedules Of
the stations have been rearrangeds to
At the new condition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
Cub Renorter Starts Skit.

A new skit series, In which cub re-
porter relives his experiences Of break
ing into newspaper work. is to start on
WIZ Saturday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
New Radio Chain Official.

George J. Ricker. formerly assistant
to Maj. Edward Bowes of the Capitol
Theater. has been appointed assistant
production manager of WABC and CHS
chain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
FOR PRIVATE AlRPLANES.
Radio for Communication While in
Flight Designed,

LONDON P).-A lightweight radio
for use on private planes to communicate
while in flight with ground stations has
been designed by the Marconi company.
The new set combines q telephone
transmitter and receiver in q compact
wooden box measuring Is by 0 by
inches and weighs about so pounds.
With q power of IS watts, the transmit
ter will cover ranges Of 50 to IS or more
miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18

Engineers of the great British Broad
casting Corporation are deserving the
radio for the talkies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18

Presenting Dickens Program.
The American Dickens League il pre-
senting Dickens program, featuring
Mortimer kalphan, each Saturday aft
WAIT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18
McNAMEE's QUESTION
BOX.

Graham McNamee receives a great deal OF
mail, but each week he will publish the
answers to those questions holding the great
est amount OF general interest. All questions
should be accompanied by q stamped, self
addressed envelope and addressed to Graham
McNamee. in care Of this newspaper. Please
make your questions brief.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-18

q. Are radio health exercises scien-
tifically- planned. and is there any EVIL
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
WOODLAND

Messes. Robert K. Rawlings and
James Peoples spent Wednesday in
Philala., taking lunch with Mr.. and
Mrs. Huvish and attending a ball game
in the afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph w. SINNERS and
son, Of Balto., accompanied by his
brother Floyd and wife, who live in
Florida and have been visiting relatives
in Balto., the last month, spent one
evening last week, with their mother,
Mrs. Jos. SINNERS.
Messes. Jos. w. Abrahams, ST., and
William Lair did not accompany Mr..
and Mrs. Ralph Thompson, Sunday the
9Th, when they went to see Rev. John
A. Clark, but went with Messes. Henry
Love and Elvey Woodrow to see Rev.
Danial Wilson, near Centerville, stop.
ping. to see Rev. and Mrs. VIM. L.
Hess at Galena, Md, on their return
trip.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ellis Astle, Nelson and
Evelyn, of Landengburg, Pa, spent
Sunday with er.parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Geo. E. Tyson.
At the second and third quarterly
Conference held at Asbury M. E.
Church, Saturday night, Rev. j. H.
Whedbee was invited to return next
year.
MIR. and Mrs. Thomas Brown and two
sons, of Sparrows Point, Md, and her
mother, Mrs. Eva First Stockdale, Of
Reisterstown, Md, spent Tuesday, the
10TH, with the Gather cousin, Mrs.
Geo. Tyson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Barnes and
Howard Graham were in BALTIC. Satur'
day and saw the big parade.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. H. Kirk visited hel
sister in Baltic, the past week.
4 Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Campbell spent
Saturday in Coatsville, Pa.
The Ladies Aid Society of Asbruy M
E. Church will hold Poultry Supper
in the Fire Engine House at Perryville
Thursday evening, the 25th.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carroll SINNERS, his
mother and granddaughter, Mrs. j. B
Tyson, took supper Sunday evening
with Ralph Summers and family il
Baltimore.
Mr.. Streper, of Philada, spent the
week with Mr.. and Mrs. R. L. Thomp
son.
Mr.. Elihu McFadden left Wednesday
for the University of Maryland for his
junior year. He has ust returned from
Connecticut, where he spent the sum.
mer looking for the corn borer, having
been sent out by the Government. by
recommendation of the University.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
TWO MA gEAu
GU 20 lSskf1(1lllll1 =
SHOW
SHOW

The State of Maryland viii be rep.
resented this year at the twenty-thire
annual National Dairy Exposition by
two teams of All club boys who VIII
leave for the Exposition grounds about
the tenth OF October. Inc Show will
be held in st. Lewis from October 18th
TO 18th. The boys will compose judg.
ing, and a demonstration team ano
will be accompanied by H. M. carroll,
county agent for Harrord County; E.
G. Jenkins, State Boys Club Agent,
and j. A. Lonover, garry specialist for
the University OF Marylano Extension
Service.
John Clark and hubert Barrow,
Hartford County; Wheeler Ensor, Baltl-
more County, and Glenn Goray, Dor
chester County, alternate, VIII make
up the judging team that will upnolo
Maryland'S honor IN the dairy cattle
Judging contests for All clup men,
pers. This team was selected from
those boys who made the best scores in
the Slate DAIRY judging contest at IL
monium Fair in September, the trip
to the National Dairy Exposition being
a reward provided by the Far ottic.
ials for their achievements. The team
mas been coached for the contest by
County Agent H. M. Carroll, OF Har-
ford county from which two OF the
team members come.
In addition to the judging team, the
State will be represented Dy demon
Stration team, the members OF winch
have not been selected as yet.
Mr.. Jenkins, who is member OF the
advisory committee Of the Exposluon,
announces that the holding or Inc
Show this year In ST. Louis MARKS the
beginning OF a new era In the history
OF this event. For the tlrst time since
1t was founded In 19U6 1t VIII De nelc
in buildings especially oeslgneu for it,
use. st. Louis was selected as a per.
manent site because the board OF olrec.
tors believed that the Exposition coulc
be prepetuated best by holding II IL
one city where 1t would grow into
greater usefulness to the DAIRY inous.
try.
Dairymen and dairy organizations
have by their cooperation ana supper,
made the Show deserving OF the little,
1.-The worlo's greatest garry show" II
is declared. lney have gwen 1t This
standing and have fostereu 1t until II
has become a strong. influence for
dairy cattle improvement ana the bet.
terment OF DAIRY condltlons generally.
1t is said TO be tie one evenr wherein
all agencies interested in garry proouc.
ton unite for the promotion OF bet.
ter and more prosperous industry.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
DYNAMITING PILING IN CANAL

The U. S. District Engineer Office,
Wilmington, has force of men working
at St. Georges dynamiting the bed OF
the old locks in the Chesapeake and
Delaware Canal in an effort 10 remove
more than 1000 pilings, some OF which
are more than 80 feet In length. The
work of removing the rocks at the bot.
tom of the locks has been completed
and the workmen are now concentrating
on removing the many pihng. which it
is feared may hinder navigation if they
are not removed from the waterway.
To remove the pilings 20 foot pipe
is sunk into the waterbed and through
this pipe the dynamite is poured, usual
ly FIVE pounds 10 a blast. AS the load
reaches the pilings at the bottom Of the
canal the pipe is hoisted to the surface
of the water and the dynamite is set of
by electricity. The pipe is withdrawn
from the water as the blast would sever
it
The workmen are having aard
the sunken piling from the
Dsu l.a;e,,l. ssAsA- -ala3ed- Nassl
100 years ago when the canal w
structed.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
EXERCISES HELD AT coco
BRIDGE

Members of the Order of De Molay
gathered from all parts of Delaware
Saturday afternoon, Sept. Y. to place a
wreath on the monument at Cooch' $
Bridge in commemoration of the spot
where the first American flag was raised
| in battle.
The trip marked the first pilgrimage
of the organization to the bridge. The
members also pledged themselves to do
all in their power to foster greater in
terest In the historic spots in Delaware.
Edward w. Cooch, whose homie at
one end of the bridge was used by
British officers after the battle as their
headquarters, told of the raising Of the
Stars and Strips there for the first time
under fire. He also told of the wealth
of historic lore in his State and deplored
the lack of interest in it.
He was presented with gavel made
from wood that had been taken from
the scene of the battle. The presen-
tation was made by Walter Sherwin.
president of the organization. who re-
ceived similer gavel in return. The
gavel presented him will be forwarded
to Kansas City, national headquarters
,
of the Order of De Molay. and placed
among other historic relics on exhibition
there.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
NUTRITION SPECIALIST COM.
PLETES PUBLICATION ON
BATTERS, DoUGHS
AND ICINGS

Since ninety per cent of the homes
in America are run without regular do :
nestle help and since seventy per cent
of the homemakers' time is spent in the
kitchen with general average of seven
miles travelled during the day, it is ex-
tremely important that the most time
saving and labor conserving devices and
methods be used in cooking and in the
preparation of food, according to
bulletin entitled 1.-The Pattern Recipe
recently prepared by Miss Margaret
McPheeters. Nutrition Specialist Tor the
Extension Service of the University OF
Maryland. Miss McPneeter's blu / tin
is devoted entirely to discussion OF bat
tiers, doughs, icing, custards nj sauces.
AS pointed out by the author in the
opening paragraphs the up-to-date home
maker is ever on the lookout toi IN ,dern
methods that viii help her to DO her
work with less effort and any means
fof reducing to minimum the time and
energy required for a simple household
task is well worth considering. Today.
therefore, she is finding the pattern or
foundation recipe great help In obtain
ing better results in less time and with
the least expenditure of energy ard
labor.
The difference it is said, between the
successfully made dish and the failure
is the difference mainly in the mastery
Of few simple principles in cooking
and ability to apply them. Housewives,
especially those inexperienced in cook
ing, are too dependent upon a cook
book. They are unable to prepare a
dish without it As result much time
and effort are spent In searching tor
certified recipes, and much confusion
and worry are caused in trying TO de-
eide between the many recipes which,
after all, seem SO much alike.
The bulletin may be obtained free OF
charge from the University OF Maryland
Extension Service.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

This is to give notice that the
subscriber of Cecil County has
obtained from the Orphans Court
Aof said County, letters testamentary
Ap the personal estate OF
BRINTON P. NICHOLS
ate of said County, deceased. Ali
persons having claims against the
said deceased, are hereby warned to
exhibit the same, with the vouchers
thereof duly authenticated,
on or before March 9Th, 1880
they may otherwise by law be ex-
cluded from all Denent OF said
estate. ALI indebted to said estate
are requested TO make immediate
payment to the subscriber.
Given under my hand and seal
this 22nd day of August, 1929.
ANGELA P. NICHOLS,
Executrix of Brinton P. Nichols,
deceased.
Test: Robt. J. McCauley. Register.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
Bible Printing Restricted

AS Colonial New England rebelled
against the tax on tea, so it must have
writhed under the ancient law which
gave to the crown monopoly of the
right to print the Bible, for the lit
erary tastes of those hardy pioneers
were distinctly religious.
But it was a law with teeth, for
it is matter of history that in 1887
a certain Richard Grafton was i'm
Iprisoned until he gave bond of $500
that he would print no more English
Bibles until given permission to do
so by the king. From that time the
right to publish the English Bible was
vested with certain printers who were
connected with English universities
j Detroit News.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1929-09-20
|lfazIs
Virtue and Vice

DR.. Will Durant says, Every vice
was once virtue and may become
respectable again, just as hatred be-
comes respectable in wartime" How
true is that? A mental search for ex-
amples should give you an interesting
half hour. And If you examine your
own virtues" and vices" in this light,
as closely as you can, you may find it
profitable. The border cases, those hab-
its which seem to be neither vices nor
virtues, or to be both, are especially
|interesting.-New Orleans Item-Trib-
une.