davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
Don't fail tv try our brick ice cream. It's the only kind for parties. Candy Cottage.

QUALITY DEVELOPING PRINT- NC AND ENLARGING. SahaIleY- r's AIasl.a Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
SIX ARE RESCUED

SAN FRANCISCO, July IT, (P)- After day and a night of peril and terror, tossed by a churning surf in a disabled 35-foot launch, six per- sons, one a woman, were rescued by coastguardsmen off Point Reyers
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
HORSE FLESH-AND GOLD

NEW YORK, July Is, P)-Jack High, George D. Widener's flashy three-year old, is slowly creeping toward the $1O0,O00. money vim ing mark. Last season as two year-old the son of John F. Grier won $82,475. Thus far this sea- son he has put $15,050 into the Widener pocketbook.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
PRIZE FIGHTER SUED

NEW YORK, July IT, P)-Mickey Walker, middleweight champion prize fighter, was sued by his wife for separate maintentnce. Mrs. Walker charges cruelty and assert led that twice her mother had to prevent Walker from beating her.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
DIVORCE GRANTED

THE HAGUE, Holland, July IT, (P)-The Dutch courts have grant, ed absolute divorce to Mrs. Henry Rogers from H. H. Rogers, Standard Oil magnate, who are parents of Millicent Rogers Ramos, former Countess Salm.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
FAST AIR SERVICE

SAN FRANCISCO, July 18,P- Inaugurating fast direct air ser rice between New York and San Francisco, Colonel Charles A. Lind sergh landed at Alameda airport with a notable group of passengers after a hop from Los Angeles.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
ACCEPTS POST

WASHINGTON, July 18, P)- William Schilling of Minnesota mas accepted a post on the federal farm board to represent the dairy indus try.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18
CONFIRMED PURCHASE

CHICAGO, July 18, Pl-Field, Clorie & O.. officially confirmed the purchase of the larger part of John Willys' holdings in the Willys Overland Go.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18

A vein is a sheet like deposit, in timately connected with disloca- tion (fault) of the encompasslng rocks.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-07-18

IF YOU HAVEN'T TRIED FRYE BRUINS BABY BEEF, you are certainly missing something.
New Britain herald., 1929-03-29
Hole in Mayors Pocket
 Brings About Suspension

Gloucester, O.. March % UP)- 4 huge hole in tho pocket Of Mayor Hugh Gormley cost that individual his joh.
 Mayor Gornley, 6"-year-old vet eran Of county politics and mayor of this city g9 years, lost s171S6, money paid to him in fines and h- cense fees for February H. said the money was lost through I hole in his pocket.
 Called before the city council to make his report and turn over the funds. Mayor Gormley explained the situation. The council demanded that Gormley pay back the money hy instalments. And Gus Gaskella, ', council president, is mayor following Gormley's suspension.
New Britain herald., 1929-03-29
TOY TRAIN STOPS AT BOYS COMMAND
Vocally Controlled PlaythlnS
 0beys Owners Wishes

Akron, O.. March e9 (UP-The (UPl-The ambition of every young ster to have a train that will stop and go at the command of his voice, is realized in voice-controlled electric train developed by the Gen. cral Electric company.
 Casey Jones' a toy electric To- comotive, starts forward, reverses or stops at the instant it is com- manded 10 make any of these op- erations, and it never makes a mis- take, providing the orders are properly worded,
 The voice controlled locomotive is d development of the labora- tories of the General Electric con- pany Orders are issued through an ordinary telephone transmitter and the action of the train is de pendent upon the voice impulses into the transmitter,
 The command Go ahead Casey" is carried through a radio detector tube to a special selector which de termines the polarity in the track and upon this polarity IS dependent me direction in which the locomo- tive moves. Three or more sylla- hles operate the relay and the Sc Ioctor to provide for forward move ment of the engine. An order Tn two sylla hles-"Back Ip"-sends the engine backward and the single ord stop" breaks the circuit and Casey" comes to a standstill. By moving the transmitter from the mouth. the operator may carry on considerable chatter 10 Casey without affecting the operation of 'ho train. The transmitter is par licularly sensitive to sibllants and the operator may direct Casey 10 travel around the track and stop at a dess- hated point. By blowing into the transnItter the operator is able to rheCk the engine at any point
 The tiny locomotive with an cleo tric headlight is made to pass q hsht-s sensitive cell known as rhoto-electrlc cell. Every round trip of the locomotive is recorded
 
 70 that now in use in the Holland tube in New York to count automo- hllo traffic
 The apparatus used in the voice. controlled train has many possible practical applications in addition to 1s fascinating possibilities as a toy. Sv the use Of ths development. the Householder may c~mma"d the fur race to open from 2 telephone at his 1edside. Elevators may be vocally controlled, providing always that the correct formula Of C. two or three Syllables Is used.
 Edward s. Hardness of New York has given s25. .o0O 10 the Quintencen- dry fund for the erection of new buildings at Lincoln college, Oxford university.
New Britain herald., 1929-03-29
SEEDS FOR TAXIS
 0N MADEIRA ISLE
Perpetual Summer in Land Re-
 gently Shaken by 'Quake

Washington. D. C, March 26. - "Madeira, recently stirred by a landslide which killed or injured a number of natives. owes it's existence to violent volcanic eruptions in the rast but the present generation Is unaccustomed to Catastrophes," says a bulletin from the Washington, D. D. headquarters of the National Geographic Society,
 The quiet, peaceful atmosphere of the island attracts health seek CTS while the perpetual balmy eli mate and picturesque scenery draw thousands of tourists from America and Europe. Even i'll the towns there is no chatter of steel-shod hoofs, rumble UT cart wheels or rattling and backfiring of automo- hies.
 Travellers Slide Through Madeira
 Towns
 Every boat which enters thr harbor at Funchal, capital and largest town on the island is mat by native boys who amuse passen- gers by diving for coins in shark infested vaters,' continues the bul- letin.
 But the thrill of q short visit to Madeira comes when the traveller mounts Madeira taxi on runners. If time is short, two stalNart native boys can show the sights of tn. capital in q few hours. but the easy Eoing life of the inhabitants soon gets under the skin of the visitor and the slow-movins. bullock -dra vn sled. upholstered in red, green and yellow striped cloth, affords bet ter opportunity 10 get acquainted with the town.
 Up and down hills the animal plods through narrow cobhied streets solidlv walled with spotlessIy white houses Now and then tha front of a building IS adorned ntb exhibits of Ma adeira embroidery work and through the door small girls skillfullv execute difficult pat- terms BeIofe some 0t these GITiS have reached their teens. their needlework has graced the tables and beds of some of tho finest homes in six continents, for they be gin embroldering as soon as they are old enough to handle 2 need..
 shops Advertise Merchandise b
 English
 The Madeira nilkman hearing . pole across his shoulders with five gallon can at each end. stops long enough to watch q group Of tourists bump over the cobblcs Dirty-faced boys, standing among tail bags of fuel brush. smile under email knitted caps with ear flaps turned up toward d fuzzy pompon. Women flower vendors, with 4 DOT ton Of their merchandise bedecking
New Britain herald., 1929-03-29

their thick, unbobbed hair, accost every passerby. Meanwhile, flat topped sleds. piled with furniture, brushwood, groceries. wine casks and other movables. come and go.
 Madeira belongs to Portugal and Portuguese is the native language on the island. but British and American money is so attractive that signs in English are frequently seen on shop fronts. One reads A Cordial Invitation Is Extended to all Madeira Visitors to Shop Here. An other invites visitors to Write our Cards Here Most prominent of all is large slgA extending over portion of the street which reads, Please Come Up tmeaning up one of F'unchal's hillside streets) for Your Real Handsome Embroideries, American and British Cigarettes and Madeira Wine
 Wine and Wicker Chairs Made by
 Rural Folk
 "Most of the 179,000 inhabitants of Madeira live in towns occupying narrow ledses along the soashore. Behind some Of them sheer cliffs rise more than thousand feet. Funchal, with @5,000 inhabitant occupies d ledge at the head Of broad bay. but the hills in the background, though steep, are also dotted with white houses set amid flower and vegetable gardens. fruit trees. and vineyards.
 Every tillable acre is cultivated in the interior valleys and ingenious farmers have terraced steep rocky hills to increase crop production.
 "The roads through the noun tains are mere trails. In many places the hammock, borne by two bear CTS, is the only transport that can he used Along the trails men and women, carry hides filled with wine, sacks of potatoes. and wicker chairs 10 town. Fraquantly man carries as many as ten wicker chairs clus- tered abou1 his head
 stone -WaIled. thatched rooted hufs dot the Nadeiran countryside. Approaching one hut, the eroan and squeak Of the primitive. all wood, wine press IS heard as it crushes luscious Madeira grapes. The bare foot occupants of another hut ieftly weave wicker into chairs which might ultimately adorn Amer ican porches. II vas in Madeira that the wicker chair industry be gan on d large sCaie,'
New Britain herald., 1929-03-29

Edward s. Hardness of New York has given s25. 900 10 the Quintencen- ary fund for the erection of new buildings at Lincoln college, Oxford university.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

the parents of a baby boy born at
st. Johns hospital at Springfield
Monday, April 18th.
Mrs. Hans Anderson visited friends
at Storden last Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Werring OF
Springfield visited at the Leonard
Jensen home Thursday evening.
Doris Baker visited school in
District 81 Friday.
Ole Simonsen is now driving a new
Chevrolet Sedan.
Erland Jensen, who attends Manka-
to Teachers College spent the week
end at his parental j. P. Jensen
home.
Mrs. Jack Artebern and children OF
Redwood Falls spent Sunday visiting
at the Jens P. Jensen home.
j. J.. Hannah accompanied by his
daughter and son, Mrs. Pluegge and
John Jr., and Mr.. j. c. Jensen spent
Wednesday at Redwood Falls.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Huebert and
family visited at the H. P. Hanson
home Sunday.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
WAR INSURANCE is
STILL AVAILABLE
CONTINUED from page onel


monthly premium on the amount and
the plan of insurance applied for.
Premiums are payable monthly on
the first day of each month, but may
be paid quarterly, semi annually or
annually at a saving. The application
forms for U. S. Government Insur-
ance and full information may be
obtained from a regional office of the
United States Veterans Bureau from
the central offices Of the u. S. Veter-
ans Bureau, Washington D. c., and
in most cases from the service officer
of a Legion post.
"The following seven plans of pol
are issued by the Government: Or
binary Life Policy; Twenty-Payment
Life Policy; Thirty-Payment Life
Policy; Twenty Year Endowment Pol
icy; Endowment at the age 81 Poll
cy; and Five Year Convertible Term
Policy. One of the splendid things
in connection with carrying U. S.
Government Life Insrance policies
is that there are no restrictions.
The insured may designate any per-
son, firm, corporation or legal entity
as beneficiary under his policy, either
individually or as a trustee.
gu. S. Government Insurance pol
icies are free from the usual life in
surance restrictions as residence,
modes, of transportation, occupation
and military or naval service. The
veteran who has already take care of
his government insurance is request
ed to pass the information along to
his buddy in order that all may share
in this liberal government provision
for it's veterans"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
April "a to May
CITATION FOR HEARING ON
FINAL ACCOUNT AND FOR
DISTRIBUTION

FINAL ACCOUNT AND FOR
DISTRIBUTION.
Estate of Jacob Werder.
State Of Minnesota, County of Red
wood, SIS. In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of
Jacob Werder, Decedent.
The State of Minnesota to all per-
sons interested in the final account and
distribution of the estate of said decd
ent: The representative of the above
named decedent, having filed in this
court the final account of the admin
stration of the estate of said decedent
together with his petition praying
for the adjustment and allowance of
said final account and for distribu-
ton Of the residue of said estate to
the persons thereunto entitled.
THEREFORE, YOU, AND EACH
OF YOU, are hereby cited and re-
quired to show cause, if any you have,
before this court at the Probate Court
Rooms in the Court House in the
City of Redwood Falls, in the County
of Redwood, State of Minnesota on
the 3rd, day of June, 1929 at 1000
o'clock a. M, why said petition should
not be granted.
Witness, the Judge of said Court,
and the Seal of said Court, this 22nd
day of April, 1929.
A. R. A. LAUDON,
N. R. Ryerson, Probate Judge.
Attorney for Petitioner.
COURT SEAL) 42-3ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

to the people"
This statement is taken as warn
ing that Ted will swing the veto ak
right vigorously if the educational
bills is larger than he thinks it ought
to be.
The vets in the legislature helped
to pass the bill imposing severe penal
ties for the sale of poison liquor.
This they did for two reasons: because
they claimed the introduction of such
a bill is an admission by the drys
that prohibition is proving failure
that lots of liquor is being sold and
because they don't want. to see thirsty
souls imposed upon by being offered
bad liquor.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
ON HIGHWAY
AND EDUCATIONAL BILLS
CONTINUED from first page)

NCOnClnueQ from 1lrSC paSe)
on the land it has been obliged to take
over on mortgage foreclosure in sew
eral Northern Minnesota counties.
Unless the state pays taxes on these
lands, some of the schools will have
to be closed for Lack of money with
which to pay teachers and meet other
expenses.
1t remains to be seen whether some
hard-headed and hard-hearted sticker
fer "constitutionality" will attempt to
stop the Rural Credit Bureau from
paying taxes on state-owned lands by
injunction proceedings.
The bill governing the diversion of
one third Of the gasoline tax to the
counties, which has been bone of
contention all winter, was finally sent
to the governor for his signature last
week. 1t provides that no county
board can use any of the money on
state-aid roads. This was a victory
for the anti-Babcock forces in the leg
islature.
The state will build an office build
ing adjoining the capitol at cost Of
$1,500,OOO and commission of seven
non-salaried persons, to be appointed
by the governor, will have charge of
the work-not the Big Three. That
was decided few days ago, after all
sorts of scrapping. The governor and
the house wanted the Big Three in
charge; the senate majority wanted
a commission. In the end Ted and
the house leaders gave in-for won
der!
After this building has been COM
pleted, all state departments, boards,
bureaus and commissions-whos
name is legion-will be housed there
or in the new capitol, instead of be-
ir,g scattered all over st. Paul, as
now. The old capitol and site will be
sold.
When the bill appropriating over
nine million dollars for the use of the
state penal and charitable institutions
reached the governor, his excellency
cut out number of items, aggregat-
ing $4,000.
This sum, said Ted in is veto mes
sage, is small, "but when added to
other amounts which may be elm
mated by the legislature and the gov
ernor will prevent an increase in the
tax levy which would be burdensome
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
made at that time.
By Order of the Board of Health.
41-2ts.
April "a to May 8
CITATION ON HEARING ON PETI-
Triton FOR PROBATE OF WILL

CITATION ON HEARING ON PETI-
Triton FOR PROBATE OF WILL
Estate of Marie Radatz, also known
as Maria Radatz.
State of Minnesota, County of Red
wood, SIS. In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of
Marie Radatz, also known as Maria
Radatz, Decedent.
The State of Minnesota to all per-
sons interested in the allowance and
probate of the will of said decedent;
The petition of VIM. G. Frank being
duly filed in this court, representing
that Marie Radatz, then a resident
of the County of Redwood, State of
Minnesota, died on the 18th day of
February, 1929, leaving a last will
and testament which is presented to
this court with said petition, and
praying that said instrument be al
lowed as the last will and testament
of said decedent, and that letters
testamentary be issued thereon to
VIM. G. Frank;
Therefore You, and Each of You,
are hereby cited and required to show
cause, if any you have, before this
court at the Probate Court Room in
the Court House in the city of Red
wood Falls, in the County OF Red
wood, State of Minnesota, on the 3rd
day of June, 1929, at 1000 o'clock
A. NJ, why the prayer of said petit
ton should not be granted.
Witness, the honorable A. K. A.
Laudon, Judge of said court, and the
seal of said court, this 10th day OF
April 1929.
A. R. A. LAUDON,
Judge.
(COJTRT SEAI0 42-3ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
April "a to May 90
SHERIFF'S NOTICE OF FORE
CLOSURE SALE UNDER JUDO
MENT

! MENT.
State of Minnesota, County of Red,
wood. DISTRICT COURT, Ninth
Judicial District.
Southern Minnesota Joint Stock
Land Bank of Minneapolis, formerly
Southern Minnesota Joint Stock Land
Bank Of Redwood Falls, a Federal
Corporation, Plaintiff
VS..
Halvor Johnson, widower; State
Bank of Milroy, Corporation, North
Star Farmers Mutual Hail Insurance
Company, a Corporation; and F. A.
Frederickson, Defendants.
Notice of Sale Under Judgment of
Mortgage Foreclosure
Notice is Hereby Given: That by
virtue of the judgment entered in the
action above entitled, whereby it is
adJu6ged, among other things, that
there is due to the plaintiff the sum
of Fourteen Thousand Two Hundred
fourteen and 1O-1OO Dollars and
interest thereon from the 23rd
day of April, 1929 at six per
cent per annum, and that the
land therein described be sold to
satisfy the same, with the costs and
expenses Of such sale, certified
transcript of which judgment has
been delivered to me by the court,
l, the undersigned sheriff of the
County of Redwood, State of Mimi
esota, will offer and expose for sale
at public auction to the highest bid
der, on the 7th day of June, 1929 at
ten o'clock A. NJ, at the front door of
the Court House in the City of Red
wood Falls, in said county and state,
the land described and directed to be
sold in said judgment lying and being
in the County of Redwood, State of
Minnesota, to-wit:
The East Half (Ek) of the
Northwest Quarter (NWA) and
the West Half (WR) of the
Northeast Quarter (NEA) of
Section Fifteen (15), township
One Hundred Eleven Q1D,
Range Thirty-Nine l39), Red
wood County, Minnesota contain
ing 100 acres, more or less, ac-
cording to the Government sur
vey thereof;
or so much thereof as shall be neces-
sary to satisfy said Judgment the
interest thereon, and the costs and
expenses of such sale; subject to re-
demption within one year from the
date of conformation of said sale.
Dated April 23rd, 1929.
l.. J. Kise,
Sheriff.
Clague and Barnes,
Attorneys for Plaintiff,
Redwood Falls, Minnesota.
42-6ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

CHICKS CHICKS-C CHICKS. Buy
Minnesota Standard State Accredited
Chicks, it will assure you of quality
and egg producing stock. We do
custom Matching. Send for price list
and literature. Remember we are a
state accredited hatchery. Minnesota
Hatchery, E. T. Ebbesen, Revere,
MINI. 34-tf.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

CHICKS FOR SALE-Big vigorous
chicks from high egg producing bred
focks. Strong and healthy chicks
that are able to be sent to any state
in the union direct to your post office.
Heavys, $14.OO per hundred; lights,
$11.OO per hundred. Fredrick's
Chick Hatchery. Gibbon, MINI.
39-4ts .pd.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
BABY CHICKS

Regal Quality BABY CHICKS are
Minnesota Standard Accredited. They
will please you. Send for catalogue
and price list. Springfield Chick Hat
cherry, Sprinfeld, MINI. Aft.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

SEED CORN-Yellow or White, from
our own farm. Shelled and graded
or on the cob. Bulk tested $3.50 to
$500 or Ear Tested 1000. Corn is
11s blocks north of Court House, Red
wood Falls. S. o. Mason. 40-7ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE-White Wyandotte hatch
eggs. Inquire of C. E. Cobleigh,
Telephone 529. Redwood Falls, MINI.
41-2ts. pd.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
wan is
SEEDS.

FOR SALE-Seed potatoes, nice
cooking white potato, heavy yielding,
go cents per bu. Also yellow and
white seed corn and Medium Red
Clover and Millet Seed. Phone 15L151,
Gene Schmidt, North Redoood. 4O-tf
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE-Famous De Wolf yellow
dent and White Cap yellow dent seed
corn. Test 95 per cent. Price $500.
John j. Benedict. 3 miles east of
Lamberton. Route 1. Lamberton,
MINI. 38-5ts.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
BrOOkville

Misses Erna KEEPER and Rosa Wolf
visited school in District 81 last Tues
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charlie Johnson are
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
Notice To Clean Up

The Citizens Of the city of Redwood
Falls are hereby cited and urged to
clean up their premises of all refuse,
also barns and sheds containing man.
ure, on or before the first day of May.
Inspection of all premises will be
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE: Silver Hull Buckwheat
Roy Castle, Redwood Falls. Phone
LIP. 40-4ts. pd.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR RENT-We have several small
modern houses for rent. Ward ms,
Agency. Phone 653. 35-tf
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR RENT-Six room modern house,
with or without furnishing. Also a
garage and hen house together with
A lots, one on orchard. Phone 2201 or
1856. 42-tf.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR RENT or room downstairs
apartment, with or without furnish
ings. Heated and close in. Phone
1855. 41-tf.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

The line of least resistance is
poor line on which to hook your bait.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE-Black Cap Raspberry
plants, well rooted. Is cents each or
$1.25 per dozen. Everett Cliff, phone
12L151. 41-3ts. pd.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE-Certifed, wilt resistant,
Linota flax seed, $3.50 per blu. Certi-
fed, wilt resistant North Dakota No.
la, flax, 1925 per blu. John Hines,
Delhi. 40-tf
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24

FOR SALE-Table topped typewriter
desk. 1 Sx10 rug, l double bedstead
and springs Mae Hegge. Phone 532.
Redwood Falls. 39-tf.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
FOR RENT

HOUSE FOR RENT-Small bunga-
low, modern. Garden spot and fruit
trees. Inquire of Mrs. Ada Cliff,
Redwood Falls. Phone 2410. 42-tf.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1929-04-24
FOR SALE

FOR SALE-Strawberry plants and
raspberry bushes, at very reasonable
prices. Phone 2376. William Parker.
42-1t. pd.