The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-26
Year Plan OF Socialist CONSTRUCTION USSR Skater World Capitalist Ec0n0
Collective Farming, What It
Means In the Class Struggle
Soviet PrOletariat Fights TO Industrialize Agri-
Culture in War on Capitalism

ticular, alluded in its findings to the
necessity of more active construc-
tin of the Socialist section of agri-
culture, i.e., the Soviet Estates and
Collective Farms.
These slogans Of the Fifteenth
Congress met with friendly re-
Spouse in the countryside itself. The
attention paid fy party organizations
to the construction of collective
farms encountered a corresponding
wave of activity on the part of the
poor and m..dle peasants in this con-
structional work. 1t goes without
aysing that the proletarian state
plays leading role in this COLLECTIVE
cation of agriculture.
The leading role CT the proletar-
ian state in the socialistic transfor-
nation of agriculture is seen plainly
in the varied and complicated meth
DDS of planned economy. In the main
this role is defined by the following
factors:
1. The planned system of economy,
regulation of the market, maneuver-
ing with the commodity mass-these
things make it possible to influence
real economy mad coordinate the de-
velopment of agriculture with the in
terests of national economy as
whole.
2. Socialist Industry, producing
the means of agricultural production
is a decisive propellant OF agricul-
ture. This factor determines the
tempo of development of the various
branches of farming and the intro
duction of advanced methods of pro-
duction, improved cultivation, appli-
cation of artificial manures, build
ing of refrigerators, granaries and so
on.
3. The building up of a state
budget, of a banking and credit sys-
TEN, the redistribution of parts of
the national income, and the man
oeuvring Of credit resources deter
mine the structure of the rural
money-market, and the character of
agricultural finance and the trend of
expenditure in rural economy.
4. Limitation of the development
of rural capitalism, liberation of the
dependent sections of the country
side fro mthe usury of the wealthy
peasants, the legal, fiscal and other
State measures, have a very strong
influence on the nature of social re-
lations in the countryside.
Such are the Commanding
heights" which enable the Proletar-
ian State to influence the process
of development of agriculture.
It should be added that the ma
tionalization of the land relieved ag-
riculture of the burden of outlay for
the purchase or rental of land, re-
leasing funds for increasing the
means of production. For the State,
this means devoting part of the
populations resources to the work
of economic development.
The production of agricultural ma
chinery inside the Soviet Union ex-
ceeds pre-war by two and half
times; the construction of tractors
and the production of mineal man
ures, etc, has now started. The
plans of work for the next five years
envisage, however, further very
considerable extension of industrial
production for agricultural purposes.
Thus, two new tractor factories will
produce by the end of the five years
100000 tractors per year; the pro-
duction of agricultural machines will
be five times more than in 1928,
while the number of mineral man
ures manufactured in the country
will be still further increased. There
is also planned a most extensive sys-
TEN of creameres, poultry farms,
bacon curing factories, refrigerators,
granaries, etc.
Thus the Socialist industry of the
U.S.S.R. is energetically at work and
has already achieved big successes
in the way of supplying agriculture
with implements and means of pro-
duction such as will be able to bring
it up to the standard of all demands
of modern agricultural technique and
create the basis for its socialization.
During the two years that have
elapsed since the Fifteenth Congress
the number of collective farms has
increased almost. fourfold. The
population an darea sown in these
farms has grown still more. On May
LIST, 1929, there were altogether 3d.
600 collective farms in the U.S.S.R.
They were peopled by 100000 fam
lilies with a total population of A.
100000 and an area of more than
4,400,000 hectares under cultivation.
In 1927 there were 1880 collective
farms with 100000 families and
774,000 hectares area sown.
The most rapid construction of
collective farms has taken place in
the districts producing marketable
grain where, at the same time, there
is class differentiation to greater
degree than in other districts. Thus,
in the Ural region the cultivated
area of the collective farms was 3d.
800 hectares in 1927, $4,000 hec-
tars in 1928, and 335,500 hectares in
1929. In the Lower Volga region