davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1929-08-13

the tracks for more than 700 feet, holding up traffic for eight hours.
 Passengers continued their jour ney on relief train.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1929-08-13

is in it's infancy-but what effect will it have upon our restaurants in another decade?"
The Daily Alaska empire., 1929-08-13
MONDAYS QUOTATIONS

Alaska Juneau mine stock was quoted Monday at 75s, American Tobacco A 19424, Tobacco B 1931a Bethlehem Steel 124A, Continental Motors 1878, Corn Products 98 Cudahy 50%, International Paper A 36. Paper B 23ha, National Acme '36N, Stewart Warner 67.
 F. E. Lowry, of Oxford, Kas., dis covered an old facsimile of the Declaration of Independence, the exact size of the original, while rummaging in chest of family papers.
 We are now serving SANDWICHES and SALADS. The best yet. Ju- neau Ice Cream ParlorS- -adv
The Daily Alaska empire., 1929-08-13
NAVAL PLIERS DISCOVER NEW
 LAKE NEARBY
Find Important Lake Of Taku Inlet Means Much
 to Paper Project

Continued from rage One)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
ALL PHASES OF RADIO
SUBJECT OF INQUIRY
Hearings to Be Resumed on Couzens
Bill Seeking Com
mission.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Every phase of radio operation and
regulation is to be investigated by the
Senate committee on interstate COM
merce, which has resumed hearings on
the CouzenS bill for creation of a COM
mission on communications.
Radio telegraph problems, program
broadcasting, manufacturing, the rela-
tlonship OF wireless to wire communica-
lions and the general question of mon
opoly are included in an outline of the
subjects prepared for the committee BIZ
William G. Green, It's ;~ecial counsel.
One of the principal questions to be
determined Is whether program broad
casting stations should be classed rs
common carriers and required to serva
the public on demand in the same man
ner as point to point communication
systems. In that connection 1t will be
decided whether chain systems be COM
PEELED to furnish service upon demand.
The committee will tackle three prob
lens which have been the subject of
considerable controversy. It will de-
eide whether Congress shall regulate
cleared channels, shall fix the limits of
power of broadcasting stations and re
strict the operation of chain stations.
The ACCESSIBILITY of continuing, modi-
Tying or abolishing the zone system of
radio administration will be considered.
President Hoover's message to Congress
advocated disseminating the selection of
commissioners from specified zones.
Other questions of particular concern to
broadcasters are the requiring of license
fees for stations and the granting nj
larger powers of censorship to the com
mission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
TELEWS|ON SHOWS
PROGRESS IN TESTS
Experiments Breaking Down
Barriers Keeping 1t in
Laboratory Stage.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK.-Televison slowly is
breaking down, the barriers that con-
tinue to keep 1t in the laboratory stage.
Such is the impression obtained at the
Baird Television laboratories which have
been established in New York as a step
toward making possible home reception
OF pictures by radio. How soon the OBJ
ject will be an accomplished fact can b.
determined only by the future.
In the local development rooms, part
of which resembles a studio, various
types of television cameras" and re-
ceivers have been set up and tests are
being made by the use OF wires connect
ing the two units. In all of the tests
both voice and picture IF the speaker
are fed into the receiver over separate
channels.
Englishmen In Charge
The work is in charge of an English
staff sent from the John l.. Baird labo-
ratories in London, and is headed By
Capt. William j. Jarrard.
Synchronization of transmitter and
receiver, so that the scanning disk of
the latter will maintain the same speed
as the transmitter, has been one of the
serious obstacles to reliable television.
",
including the use of special motors.
Baird, who gave his first television
demonstration before members of the
Royal Institution in London. early IN
1925, tackled the problem by developing
a device to control the speed of thu
motor with a signal taken out Of the
received picture.
1t consists of small iron wheel con-
tanning as many sprockets as there are
holes in the scanning disk. At each
side of the wheel is an electro magnet.
which makes contact with the sprokets
and which accelerates or slows down
the motor. The speed correcting sigma
which actually is part of the pictur.
Is fed directly to the magnets.
Turns Before Lamps.
The Baird scanning disk consists &.
very thin metal having 80 holes runninc
in spiral around the outer edge. Thu.
disk turns in front of the neon lamp.
ceived current, and builds what the eve
accepts as a moving picture. The disk
is no thicker than cardboard.
An all-electric television receiver
powered from the AC lines, Is part of
the equipment. It also contains the
automatic synchronizer.
Laboratories were established on this
side of the Atlantic. Capt. Jarrard in
dictated, to make possible the broad
casting of radio pictures for home re-
ception in America. Ultimately 1t is
hoped to use the broadcast channels
which at present are restricted to tele-
vision between the hours of / and G
am.
Television broadcasts are now being
made in Germany by Baird, and nego-
t1ations have been completed with the
British Broadcasting Co. for such trans
missions in England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
HOOVER TO TAKE PART
IN CHRISTMAS PARTY
Ceremonies at 0pen-Air Tree to Be
Broadcast Over National
Network.

Christmas eve party to be held in
the open air near the White House with
the President and Mrs. Hoover partici-
pating will be broadcast over the Ma
tional Broadcasting Co. system Tuesday
afternoon at 5:45 o'clock.
President Hoover will press button
Illuminating the National Community
Christmas tree. This giant tree. COW
cred with hundreds of electric bulbs, is
annually placed in Sherman Square,
adjacent to the Executive Mansion.
Mrs. Hoover will be the recipient of
Christmas greetings extended by the
people Of Washington. These greetings
will be given by a boy and girl Scout,
selected from the hundreds of Scouts
IN Washington.
Secretary of the Interior Wilbur is
scheduled TO make the only address at
the Christmas eve party He also will
introduce President Hoover before the
Chief Executive lights the tree.
Although many thousands of people
are expected to attend the party, ar
rangementS have been made for all of
Washington to be notified when the
tree is actually lighted. At the same
time President Hoover presses button
under the tree. buglers throughout the
city will sound call informing every
one that the tree is lighted.
Another feature of the party will be
singing of Christmas carols by a group
of several hundred school children The
carols to be heard are "Hark the Herald
Angels Sing" Silent Night" Deck the
Halls" and Joy to the World
There will be concert by the United
States Marine Band under the direction
of Capt. Taylor Branson, leader. In adj
dition Arthur Whitcomb, assistant lead
er of the Marine Band, will be heard in
a cornet solo, ''Cantique de Noel"
Immediately after the President ar
rives under the tree, the school children
will join in singing 20 Come All Ye
Faithful"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
RADIO MAKERS HAVE
FAITH IN THE FUTURE
The Industry" Joins President
Hoover's Movement to Stimu-
late Business of U. S.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Radio, represented by the section de-
scribed as the industry" is full of con-
f1dence for the future.
In expressing its opinion about the
outlook the industry has Joined the
movement initiated by President Hoo
yer to stimulate business.
Decision to do its part was made at
a conference sponsored by the Radio
Manufacturers Association at which
encouraging reports were heard.
H. B. Richmond of Cambridge, Mass,
president of the association, summed up
the situation thus:
LAS long as the Nations purchasing
power is unimpaired there is no need
of fear in the radio industry. It's con-
dition is improving, although there was
a recession, both practical and psyche
logical, resulting from the stock mar
ket decline.
1.-The present general situation is
unique in that overproduction, which
means unpaid-for merchandise, is in
the hands of the consumer. We have
both unpaid-for merchandise in the
hands of the consumer and in our dis
tributors or our own warehouses as
well. We also have a potential produc-
ton much larger than current de-
mand, causing part-time operation of
plants.
Conditions now are much improved
and the industry can look forward with
confidence to the business of 1880"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
Will Present Carols.

Christmas carols of many ages and
chimes will be sung by the Salon Sing
ers on WIZ Tuesday evening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
EQUIPMENT is MOVED.
r. c. A. Short Wave Receiving Ar.
paratus in Larger Quarters.

Short wave receiving equipment of
the Radio Corporation of America has
been moved from the small building it
formerly occupied at Riverhead Long
Island, to larger and more substantial
structure erected especially for the pur-
pose nearby.
All European radio programs re-
broadcast through the N. B. G. system
are picked up with this equipment
movement of which places the foreign
experiments on permanent basis, en-
gineers say.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
PHILCO CHANGES CHAIN.
Programs on N. B. C. for Three
Years to Be Heard on C. B. S.

After nearly three years the Theater
Memories program, sponsored by
Philco on N. B. C. is to be replaced by
a new program on c. B. S.
The program will continue to be I'M
der the direction of Henry M. Nicely,
the ''old stager," and is to feature lead
ing names Of the theatrical, sporting,
literary and news fields.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
AOUNT6SS
OLGA ALBANI-

WRC and the N. B. C. system.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
Plan Santa Program.

"A special Santa Claus program is to
be put on the air by N. B. c. through
WEAF and stations Christmas eve.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-12-22
WILL FEATURE HOLIDAY.
Many Stations Building Programs
Around Christmas Spirit.

The week of December % on the
radio, rejecting the spirit of the sea-
mas programs.
Both individual stations and chains
are building their features around
Christmas music and plays Some sta
lions will be off the air on Christmas,
while others will have only evening
programs
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
NANDAN'S BUILDING
COSTS ARE Sl9O,3S6
Expenditures CT $4,000 by
Northern Pacific Brings
Total '.'pUard

Expenditures .o- construction Of
new buildings. alterations os others.
c.ld building Of additions ia Mandan
.incc Jan !. 1870 total sloo,3G5.
TITS II indicated b. a glance at the
building permits issued since Jan. !
ii the Office OF ". II. SoItz. city au-
oito-.
The total is brought upward b. the
building activities OF the Northern
Pacific Railva. COMPANY. which is
constructing a uew depot. restaurant.
cypress and baggage building. and ice
house AZ al approximate cost o.
$4,000
Building permits we're isued By
Auditor Se.,z until September. when
a city ordinance mace +. r. Griffin,
CITY ..a County engineer and county
Surveyor, also Ma..Gan building in
pcc.or. Since tina. time Mr. Griffin
mas been issuing pcrEa..s 10 builders.
Evidence that tcday IS the age Of
automobiles" is found III the records
Or the city auditor. aiardan resi-
dents have .aken cut permits for
building % garages during the last 10
months.
Other building permits call for the
following: DWELLINGS a: porches 3.
additions 10 dwellings, ana business
structures 4. business BUILDINGS other
than The Northern Pacific structures
:, electric sign |. driveway /. moving
q a building /. alteration 3: base
mcnt !. barn :: gasoline pump anc
s.a.ion ]. Goa. she'd J.: and grain
cry I.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Personal and
Social News OF
Mandan Vicinity

Miss Katherine Kolberg has ac-
lccptcd a position with the Mandan
Abstract company.
Mrs. A. J. Eootn has returned to
her home here after a three weeks
visit in Fargo.
/ n. r. Parsons and e. w. Miller
left yesterday for Dickinson where
Etlley will participate in the York rite
FESTIVAL being held there this week.
END.
s. r. 3terland left yesterday for
ESt. Paul where ne will spend several
days with Mrs. Sterland WHO Is q
Epatient at the Northern Pacific hos
Epital.
Mrs. Lillian Wurdcman has re-
Eturned from a two weeks visit in
EGrand Forks and Fargo. At the lat
Fer place she visited her son Myro,l.
n student at the North Dakota Agri-
|cultural college.
Marriage licenses were issued yes
=teYday to two brothers and two sis
ters, whose wedding will take place
ICON IT = double ceremony. They
ore peter y. Boil. Flasher. and Julia
[VpgeI. Swcetbriar: and Anton vogcl
M Monica Boil.
Jacob Lockbeam, Of the firm Of
E0eaEheam and Knoll, is In a serious
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
EARLIER PERIOD IS
ASSIGNED c, N, TIC.
Harvest to Be Dodged by Hold.
ing Camp at Fort Lincoln
June is to July IS

The citizens military training camp
al Fort Lincoln will be held earlier
next summer. The dates assigned arc
from June is to July Is. Colonel w
a. Alfontc and Colonel L. NJ. Nor :
ton. Eighty-eighth reserve district
chief OF staff. announced today, as
Colonel Norton left for Fargo on his
way back 10 headquarters at Min
ncapolls.
Colonel Norton Will BE- back here
IN April and will put on a two weeks
drive for cnlisting entries. High
schools will be visited and talks made
on the subject Of the training camp,
along With which students will be
given opportunity to file applications
toy participation in the camp. About
900 Will be the limit Of applications,
50 as TO get at least 400 members into
camp. Colonel Norton said.
The change in the camp period is
due 10 desire to avoid the harvest
season. Last summer the fact that
many young men. students and other
availablcs. we're employed IN the har-
vest fields, proved a big difficulty to
recruiting a sufficient number Of en-
.istEents promptly. Many who want
cd 70 make the camp found It impos-
sibic. as the harvest jobs were a part
Of their means for paying their way
through college.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
MANDAN ROTAR|ANS
MAKE GOOD START
'llA
Only One Man Absent as At.
tendance Contest Opens
at Yesterdays Meet

Mandan,s Rotary club began It's at
tendance contest with Bismarck 40
tarians Yesterday noon With only one
absence recorded.
The one Rotariail who WAS rot pres
cnt at tho meeting W II calcaeo
on a business tg.o.
And Tic Will make ~ .of ihe ~
scncc BY attending 4 Rofasr meeting
at Chicago. Minneapolis. o. Bismarck
next week President r 4 Ripley
promise. 4 wired him 10 attend oac
Of the meetings myself. We arc oat
to beat the Bismarck club.
The losing club III The contest.
which continues for seven weeks Win
the exception of rAankssIfin. wee.
will banquet tho winning elao either
at the Lewis and Clark hotel Maintain
or the Grand Pacific hotel B.sna.cs
Among Bismarck Rotafia,ls pres
Ont Al Yesterday meeting were
Henry Murphy. james 6 IaSloG ana
Ir. q. M. Coasta..s psso Aate Z c4a-
. cussion on tile United otatfs navy.
With Rey Cli!)el. " sasart q
former director. appointed h' PIc@i-
! dent RiplcN III ,efdaE secretary fo
succeed a. " TuFHe "lio ORIGINALLY
was elected Mi. Ff;.acss was made a
| director 10 III Re-. Stewards Place.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Accountant Loses in
Suit to Get S913.52

r r Burchard. Grand Forks ac-
couatant, has lost his suit in the su-
prcme court TO collect S913.5c from
the state bonding fund.
Eurclsard vas employed on a con
trac. whereby he was to obtain SO
per cent Of aiy reduction below 81, OO0
he might effect on a claim filed
against the bonding fund by Dalphill
school district No. II. Divide county
on the bond of @. f. Long. its treas.
urer. Tie state examiners office
previously had fixed the liability OF
the bonding fund at $4,000 but the
fund was dissatisfied and employed
Burchard. The latter reduced the
claim to 1890 and claimed $1.550 as
his half Of the reduction under tho
contract. He filed suit when tho
bonding board allowed him $3.50.
In its decision the supreme court
held that the bonding department
cannot enter into contingent con-
tracts such as that made with Bur
chard.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Mandan Firemen Kept
Busy Answering Calls

Manean's fire department answered
the second cal! III a little oyer "a
hours at , a. nc. today when a Earn
at FL Fourth arenae northeast. be-
longing TO Frank J. Eeibilng. burned
to the ground.
Mr.. Helbling places lo-s caused By
the fire over $500. He valued the
barn at moro than 5000 ard an auto
mobile which burned ii it was worth
more than $500.
Insurance on the building was
tslightly over $500. Flremen worked
ono hour and a half TO put the blaze
out and prevent spread OF the fire
but the two story building burned
Eclnlcst to the ground.
Fire caused a damage Of about $3.50
10 tho residence Of John F. He!ntz.
Second avenue northeast between
Third and Fourth streets. about 8 p.
nj. "Wednesday.
CoDfalgration vas caused by a
faulty chimney.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Armory Case Is Taken
Under Amusement by
Pugh, Briefs Ordered

The hearing IN the armory case
before Judge Thomas Pugh in dis
trict court here was concluded about
IL o'clock this forenoon. Judge Pugh
then took the matter under advise
lnent.
Meanwhile the defendants are given
Is days for filing a brief. The state
then gets Is days to file its side. after
which the defense has another 10
days to arsWcr the state.
The action is the outcome OF the
recent decision Of the state supreme
court III the case, deciding that E. A.
Hughes. G. B. Little and Company A
all had equities in the property, the
ratio Of these equities being up for
determination IN tho hearing Of the
last two days.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Snow Makes Trouble
For Oftedahl Funeral
At futile THURSDAY

Funeral services for Adolph Oite-
dahl. 80, held at Tuttlc church
Thursday afternoon. were consider
ably interfercd with by the blizzard
The minister originally chosen to
conduct the service could not get
there. owing 10 the storm. and an
other was substituted.
When the cortegc reached the Gem
etcry. it was found that the grave
had filled about half way with snow,
and it had to be snovcled out before
lnterment could proceed.
w. T.. Perry. who conducted the
funeral. said the snow was the worst
in years there and that driving an
auto was almost impossible on his
way back to Bismarck. owing to the
binding character OF the blizzard.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Wisconsin Girl Hurt
In Automobile MiShap

Helen Nerling. cight-ycar-old
Armenia, Wis. girl. today is in a local
hospital recovering from several face
and head decorations received about
$50 p. m. yesterday in al automobile
accident six miles east of Bismarck
on y. S. Highway No. 10.
Details OF the accident arc not
known. The girl is said to have been
riding in an automobile driven by her
uncle when the accident occurred.
She was brought to the hospital
shortly after the mishap.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Mandan Theater Buys
New 'Talkie' Machine

Purchase 0. n Western Electric
'taikla Movilg picture machine vas
announced today b. owners Of the
Palace theate.. Mandan.
The owner eApec; TO install the
new electric machine in their thcater
within 4 fen rfoxs.
The Palace theaser wa the first
thecter III the western part OF North
Dakota 10 install a "talkie" machine
when il purchased a Movictonc about
a year ago.
Owners Of the shoWl.ouse are F. E.
Wetzsiein. mansar. John Kennedy,
John IisnmernaNand John Wetz-
stein.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
RELIEF FROM DREADED COUGH.
M.

Hard coughs that strain and weak
en-. resulting from colds and recurr-
ing bronchial attacks. arc very quick
" eased and relie.ed by reliable
Foley's Honey and Tar Compound.
that ~dielodges irritating mucus with
out effort. and clears Up the dis
tresslng cough. Mrs. F. A. Gibson.
Racine. Wis. says. Coughs never
last long III our faMily-Foley's
Honey and Tar pits a quick end 10
coughing. and heals the sore scots.
Gu. druggist recommended it."-Adv.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01

TOO LATE To CLASSIFY

LOST-A Ford automobile tire from
Sixth and Front street to Sixteenth
street. Finder please notify John
Ellli. 1000 Bowen Ave.
FOR RENT-Three rcem nicely fur
nished apartment. Erarts Apart
ments. 3i4 Third.
FOR SALE-Sccke. Powered Screen
Grid Radio with Dynamic speaker.
Call tim or 423 Sixteenth street.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Bismarck Pair Faces
Charge BY Game Head

Lyndal = SniDles ard GHs kallae.
both D. Bismarck. viii b. brought ba-
fore Police Magistrate ]. + Canpoe.l
iii the near future 10 face q charge
of wilfully and Lalawfallg carrying
loaded guns or q game refuge.
The two men originally were schcd-
ulcd 10 appear before 4. r. Herman,
Justice Of the peace. bit secured a
change OF venue.
They we're arrested Oct. - b. r. A
/ Kinzer. state game warden. Of q ref
! uge Is miles southwest Of Iai,da;.
on the Heart river. The warden tiled
his complaint Oct. =.
The Nearing before Magistrate
Ccmpbell is being acld Up until KIN
GERS arrival here.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Father of Former
Local Woman Dead

st. Paul. Nov. 1.-(F,-Funcral
services will be held here today for
w. G. Williams. 81. St. Paul, pioneer
Minnesota and North Dakota educa-
tor. who died Tuesday at his Cable,
Wis.,. summer home.
A widow. two son. and two daugh-
tiers are left. including Mrs. Clare
Nelson, formerly of Bismarck.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
HELD FOR

Charles w. Frazier Of Wing was
given a hearing before Roland H.
Crane. justice Of the peace. Thursday
afternoon and was held for district
court. He vas accused OF indecent
conduct. He failed TO furnish the
$4,000 bond for court which the JUS
tice required.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Hazen Mishap Victim
Returns to Her Home

Martha Mango. IT-rea.-o!d Hazan
,rirl WHO Was critically injured nca.
IIazcn Saturday Iii IN automobile &C
.cidcns. WAS sufficiently Improved vs.
'~tcrc.ay To leave tho Mazda. Deac0aoss
hospital so. her home.
The g.rl was thrown through tao
top OF Inc automobile IL which she
|was riding waen the car struck z
|Evard rail at tl.e side ui tl2e highway
She suffered from 8 fractured coll
8larbonc and ca.eu % 81 thu braia.
and was uaconsciot. g. :a. noifs
after tho crash.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
: MANDAN NEWS ::
Mandan Men Testify
Hunting This Season
Best in Three Years

Hunting IN southern North Dakota
IS better this week than il has been
Tor ,nree years.
Authorities for this bold statement
are c. +. Ellis. John Bowers and j.. II.
Newton. Mandaa business men.
The trio returned yesterday from
Stink lake. near Dawson. kldder
county. where they had been bagg.ng
nice big ~g.aenhead ducks
The suoa brought them down low
enough 10 make them good targets
and they were plentiful as the north
el.l ducks have been passing over tho
state 10. several days the. sa..
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-11-01
Conscientious Thief
Goes to MINNEAPOLIS

At Smith. the conscientious burg
g! who recently confessed TO Grand
Foras police that lie had stolen 5000
from a Mandan naa. .as. spring. yes
to-day vas TAKEN 10 Minneapolis TO
.ace a criminal count there.
4 CeDat. 6. john p. Wall. sheriff
81 EenneDSn cot.ass Minnesota. came
- Nandan Yesterday to take custody
Of Smith.
The man had hoen ii The CUSTODY
OF Jcha E~aaGtEaaan. Morton county
s~i.c.i...