davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
STUDIES ALL
CLOSED JOBS
Many Changes Made
In Past Years, Says
Buick Official

It's p far CRY from the sedan Of
the days Of Louis Nv TO the richly
upholstered and shimmering en-
closed automobiles Of the current
period. Then. only the mighty folk
or royalty could afford such COM
~paraiive luxury Of equipagc. while
now the more practical and superior
motor car is the established mode
Of transportation even for the COM
mon citizen.
Such Il the reflection Of III. W..
Churchill. general sales manager M
the Buick Motor company, who re-
Gently has completed a study WI
principal stages in the evolution az
closed body vehicles.
Probably the most authentic
f%orerunner Of the comfortable, en-
closed bodies Of today was the So.
dan chair or the old nobility
Churchill declared. 'in these small,
ELECTROMAGNETIC box-like affairs,
the fair ladies of the court were ear
ried 10 formal functions w two SER
wants who gripped handles III front
and rear.
'In India today. virtually the same
equipage. known as palanquins. still
are used by some Of the old royalty.
Following the sedan chair came
the carruca. from which the mod
en- name of carriage IN derived
This was a particularly enclosed
vehicle or gorgeous appointments.
mounted originally on one wheel n
the fashion of the ~wheelbarrow. but
later m two and then on four
wheels"
A cessation Of vehicle progress o.
Cured in the Middle Ages. accord
ing 70 Churchill. but awakened ~
hectic activity about 400. III wa
then that the coach was evolved.
Coachmsking in Europe probably
reaced its zenith about 1850. when
some Of these elaborate closed We
hicles sold for as high as $4,000
each.
Coming down 70 the compora-
lively modern period of the more
unitarian cabs and broUEhams. We
find the style influence OF these
vehicles was markedly eXertci on
the construction Of the earliest
closed bodies on automobiles
Churchill continued.
"The widely used Hanson cab was
patented in 1884 BY Henry Hanson
and was used W TO the time of the
automobiles event ~ n means MI
commercial transportation within
communities. This was n two-whccl-
ed enclosed carriage with n drivers
seat on the rear. The brougham was
2 four-wheeled covered carriage with
an outer drivers seat. having the
fore body cut under 70 allow short
turning. The influence Of this lat
ter type perhaps was the most
strongly felt IN the early closed
automobile bodies.
"For n number or years following
introduction Of the automobile moth
ing but open body models were
manufactured. The industry was
more than fifteen years old before
any appreciable quantity. These
closed bodies made appearance IN
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27

Of highway development has been the
rapidly Of its growth within the past
nine years. In less than 4 decade
the public has voted virtually sl0.-
000. 10000 to the construction and
maintenance of roads, or enough TO
defray our cost of the World War,
excluding foreign loans.
This sum has been used 10 almost
double the 3sI 900 miles which were
reported as improved at the close OF
1871, as we'll a. 10 provide for the
maintenance Of roads already IN
service.
There has never been a public
works improvement IN the worlds
history which has even remotely ap-
preached this expenditure Of public
funds. yet u is a striking tribute 10
the integrity or our engineers that
the task mas been accomplished Al
most without a whisper 81 scandal
attached 10 even the smallest part
q Il.
Motorists Pay a Third
Another notable feature OF the inn
provement has been the compare
tive case gith which IL has been
financed. Normally an operation OF
this magnitude might bc expected 20
result IN 4 severe d%islocation Of a.
lated industries and money markets.
However, ~ a gradual introduction
of reasonable axes imposed upon
motor vehicle users the payment
from this source have grown unit
today the user pays onc-third Of the
costs in direct gasoline and license
taxes. IN addition 70 the usual gen
cral taxes which he pays IN common
With other taxpayers.
During this process the general
public has continued 10 devote IL
cents or its tax dollar 10 highway
with the net result that
the road program has been markedly
expedited Meanwhile the offset ~
lowered transportation costs and in
creased realty valuations have acted
together 70 make the whole opera
iion ono which has nettcd actual r.
turns instead II added costs IL the
payer.
That these facts have won general
public recognition is significantly
attcstcd 10 by the fact that the treEa
is in the direction of increased eX-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
harmon Wins
ADDED CROWN
Makes Big Hit at An
nual Auto Show in
New York City

with the annual New York Auto
mobile Show at a close and reports
coming in from many other import
ant motor displays throughout the
country, the reception accorded Mar
mons lines az straight-eights by
public and trade alike has revealed
a new peak of success for the Mar
mon ali-eight program"
Such was the statement by G.. ~.
Williams. Msrmon president, who, IN
1898. directed his company to its
most successful year and who has
placed into effect another import
ant program Of expansion for Mar
mon.
Interest IN Marmon displays in
New York. five in all. was greater
than ever before in my experience
Mr.. Williams said. Likewise, u
was evident that many dealers. not
only from the eastern territory. but
from other points in the country IN
New York for the annual exhibit re-
carded Marmon as a center az att
traction.
Opening n the New York show
marked another step in our plans
TO offer a full line az Fights in alt
price classes-cars that are the re-
suit or years Of development by the
most capable engineering and manu-
featuring staff possible for us 10
assemble under a single roof
More than forty Marmon straight
eight automobiles were publicly dis
played IN New York during show
week. Aside from two separate ex-
hihits AZ the Grand Central Palace
where tho show proper was held dis
plays were maintained b. Narmon
in tho Commodore and Belmont no.
tells and at its New York sales
branch.
During the week ar the show. p
number ~ the new narmon dealers
were established throughout the
cast. as we'll IS in the south ard
middle west. indicating that the
popularity Of the Marmon straight
eight program has had a marked ef-
feet on automobile merchants AZ
we'll a. the public.
Mr.. Williams. in an interview IN
New York. rave an insight into
plans ~ unusual size and import
ance Tor Marmon in 1929 when he
said that "my most conservative os-
innate Of Msrmon production next
year would place the total far ahead
Of the new record output establish
RI in 1925" For the coming
twelve months, nc said. the Marmon
program II the most embracing ever
attempted ~ the company.
a. L - ~I- fAwwnm
If Marmon activity at the New York
show was a luncheon at the Commo-
dore hotel which was attended by
nearly 500 automobile dealers from
throughout the country.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
ROADS GAINED
$4,000 Miles
IN PAST Year
Records for Construc-
ton Broken; Ten
Billion Dollars Ex-
pended In 10 Years
By ROY n. CHAPLIN.
Chairman. Highway Committee. Ma
tional Automobile Chamber
~ Iwmra.rnr


Highway engineers ~ tho United
staies sct \ new mark ~ achievement
during 1928 when they added another
ha .N0n miles to thf surfaced high
WHY'S 81 the country.
While the task ~ providing ado-
cgstc facilitics for the constantly Iu-
r-easinc number of motor car users
remains incomplete and viii be Tor a
long time, the records ~ the United
states Bureau 40 Public Roads tell an
auiazInE story XII progress.
Thus. " the ycar rHis, the figures
thfw thai there arc now some $1,000
m ies nj road in the country which
nae been suriaced ~ = greater Or
ri or degree and another 500.G0
niles of earth road which have been
rraded and drained. ln other words,
cne-siath &C the total Of 3.000.G00
mics has been given a surface ~
Dnfe sort. while onc-third can npw
herbaid 10 W. orcn to service.
Our mileage NJ travelablc roads is
fopt times the railraod mileage ~ tho
country. and get tho demand To- new
hfxhway Improvement sccm IS ur-
gent a. it was 2 decade ago.
Ten Billion in Ten Years
Perhaps tho most remarkable phase
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
GARAGE ENDS
c PARK PLANS

CHICAGO, Dec. 2i.-CPl-The
worlds largest outdoor parking area
might have been a beautiful section
of Giant park if Chicago's traffic
problem had not been so acute.
Parking was prohibited in the
loop before the park commissioners
had realized their plans to improve
and enlarge Grant parks lake front
territory. Immediately there arose
a demand to allow parking in the un-
finished area Of the Fork includ-
ing more than a million square
feet.
Now 1000 cars find an outdoor
garage in Grant park. The park
commissioners wonder il their beau
LITIGATION program ever will be q
reality.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27

ideal combination or the best cle-
ments Of European and American &C.
sign. has set n new autoHoniie
standard. The continental vogue OK
graceful curved lines, now distin-
gushing the Buick from every other
car on the road. harmoniIes COM
pletely with every other basic Buick
element" "A
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
WISDOM FRO MTHE COURT

LONDON-Judge Moore declared
from the bench that "while women
have two cars and two eyes. they
fortunately have only one tongue
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-01-27
II THE ID A POET.

CHICAE0-Eohert N. Cardrll rss
sentenced - Jail until sprinE BE-
rauFe "thst il the best time 10 start
life afFesh.s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

of communication has been conducted
over a period of many months and has
been planned with the precision and
accuracy of military campaign.
At the Capitol nicrophones will be
located for the first time in history
within the Senate chamber, at the
Speakers desk, in front of which Charles
Curtis will take his oath of office as
Vice President. Another microphone
will be installed at the Senate door,
where the doorkeeper viii announce
the distinguished guests as they arrive.
A special booth has been constructed at
one side of the chamber In keeping with
the general scheme OF decoration, in
which the announcerS, able to view
everything that goes on, will take their
places and tell what they see. The
whole United States will be given seats
In the visitors gallery.
II X
THE entry of the Senators, who will
occupy the seats on the east side
of the chamber, headed by the Presi-
dent of the Senate, who will assume
the chair, will be announced. The
House of Representatives, headed by the
Speaker, will be announced as this body
enters the south door. Also viii be
announced the members OF the dspl0-
matte corps, the members OF the Presi-
dents cabinet, the chief Of stan OF the
Army, the chief OF naval operations
and the compartment ~ the Marine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

THESE are some of the things IN
store for radio listeners through
out the world tomorrow when they tune
into what is actually to be the greatest
show on earth.
The small boy seated before the loud
speaker at his home on the Pacl1c
Coast, the farmer listening in over his
set in the heart of the corn belt, the
bed-ridden invalid lying on hospital
cot in some remote city. the village
storekeeper and the town business man,
all will be gathered in front row boxes.
To accomplish this great feat OF en-
abling the Nation and the world 70
listen In on the inauguration OF Herbert
Hoover. officials of the National Broad
casting Co. and of the Columbia Broad
casting System, who are reSponslpie
for making it possible, have wed with
each other In perfecting plans Tor q
complete coverage Of the event.
They will have spent a sum OF ap-
proYimately 100000 in assembling the
most elaborate equipment ever utilized
In the broadcasting Of single event
and in extending their service to more
than 100 stations.
The most prominent radio announcers
and the most skilled experts Of the TWO
companies will be here to engineer the
task, and congressional permission has
been secured for the stringing OF tele-
phone wires along the streets and the
placing Of instruments at various points
Of vantage.
The organisation Of this vast network
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

ton service of the system, and M. Leese,
manager of station WMAL.
\ LARGE corps Of Washington news
a paper men and observers familiar
with the Capital and its dignitaries
from all parts of the country have been
enlisted to aid the regular announcerS
in describing the events. David Law
renee, president Of the Consolidated
Press Association and publisher of the
United States Daily, will announce for
the National Broadcasting Co. from the
floor of the Senate, while the Columbia
System will be represented in the
chamber by Frederic William Vile, ma
tional political expert.
Early this week successful broadcast
ing tests were made by the National
Broadcasting Co. from an Army blimp
and an Army tri-motored plane, and,
according to the company's plans, the
aircraft will circle the Capitol, White
House, Pennsylvania avenue and other
points of interest, while the announcer
will describe what he sees, using Spe-
cial microphone which has been de-
signed to exclude the noise OF the
motors. The voice Of the announcer
will be transmitted on a long wave to
special receiving set located in the
National Press Building and re-broad-
cast to the network.
Arrangements have also been made to
broadcast the charity ball, to be held
tomorrow night in the Washington
Auditorium, over the stations of the
two systems, and this broadcast will
include the music Of the Army, Navy
and Marine bands, q description of the
spectacle and comments by some Of the
guests and society reporters. Senator
George H. Moses Of New Hampshire,
chairman of the joint inaugural board,
viii be in charge Of arrangements Of the
broadcast.
Final tests Of the entire hopksup and
equipme,& in washington were made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

of the occasion when a new President
stands with his hand on the Bible and
takes the oath of Office.
THE world will hear the voice Of
America, and we believe that the world
will be more closely cemented through
such international broadcastS as these"
When President Hoover steps to
the inaugural platform on the Capitol
steps tomorrow he will face battery
of microphoneS. A few thousand peo-
pie will be gathered before him, but his
voice will be carried to millions more.
Never before will the voice of one man
have been heard by so many. The Prest-
dent of the United States vii be talking
through those small instruments before
him to all the nations of the civilized
world. scientific feat will be accom-
plished without counterpart in history.
Photograph discs will be made and pre-
served so that future generations may
hear him. Talking moving pictures VIII
be made and later shown to audiences
in distant cities, who will see him as
well as hear him. Never before viii so
perfect a record have been made Of the
Inauguration of a President.
Abraham Lincoln stood at the same
spot and talked to the crowd of
people who had gathered on the
Capitol plaza to hear him. They we're
the only ones who did hear him, and
he had to strain his voice so that those
on the fringes of the throng could hear
his words.
Later his message was conveyed to
the rest Of the country through the dis
passioned medium of newsprint. 1t was
days after before some parts Of the land
were able to read his address. What
might have been the effect Of his voice
upon the Nation. then divided upon
the threshold of war, had all the citi-
zens of the North and South been able
to tune and listen to his plea for the
l,nEeserNation Of the Union? Weeks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

will be amplified several million times
in the course of the journey from sta
ton to station.
In order that the program will be
conducted smoothly and without con-
fusion in case of unforeseen events, each
operator as well as each announcer will
be equipped with headphoneS and WIN
at all times be able to hear all an
nouncements made from all points, be-
sides being in direct communication
with the central broadcasting studio.
Two separate lines of wires have been
installed to each broadcasting point,
one always in readiness in case of mis-
hap to the other, and trouble cars
equipped with emergency apparatus will
be stationed at central spot ready to
go out at moments notice.
There will also be special operators
stationed in Washington whose sole
duty will be to listen for distress signals
from ships at sea. In the case Of an
S. o. s. all broadcasting, will, of course,
be instantly stopped to clear the air.
Included among the announcers of
the National Broadcasting Co. who will
be in Washington to describe the In
auglral events are Graham McNamee,
William S. Lynch, Paul Dumont, Phil
lips Carlin, Milton j. Cross and John
B. Daniel, all names with which the
radio audience Is well familiar. John
Elwood, program manager of the Ma
tional BroadcaSting Co., made all the
plans for his companys handling of the
event and win be here to supervise the
work with the assistance of Ralph Ed
munds, local manager of WRC.
Among those who will be here for the
Columbia Broadcasting System are Ted
Hussing, Ralph Wentworth, Norman
RrOkenshire and others. Mobilization
Of the Columbia Broadcasting Systems
staff is being conducted by II. A. Bel
lows, Minneapolis manager Of station
WCCO, who win have charge of the
broadcasting, with the assistance Of
Sam Packard, director Of the Washing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

the White House for the Capitol and as
it re-enters the Executive Mansion after
the ceremonies at the Capitol are over.
Here, also the announcer will keep a
continuous lookout toward the front
door" of the White House. He Will an
nounce the members of both outgoing
and incoming cabinets as they call at
the executive mansion.
It is probable that the first intimation
of the membership of the new cabinet
will reach the Nation from the lips OF
the announcerS at this important post
The narrow box, used for years by
White House policemen who guard the
home, grounds and lives of the Nations
Chief Executives, Is SO situated that
every caller will be seen. The story from
the sentry box will reach listeners just
before ceremonies at the Capitol begin
Graham McNamee will be at the micro
phone.
Vice President close personal
friends Of the new President and mem
bers of the new cabinet viii call at the
White House before the inauguration
ceremonies begin. Here they will be
received by President and Mrs. Coolidge
and Mr.. and Mrs. Hoover. After brief
reception the presidential party viii
leave the White House and go in auto
mobiles to the Capitol.
In addition to its regular local stafi
Of 80 men the National Broadcastine
Co. win station force of 20 operators
at the various outside points, and the
local staff of the Columbia system will
also be greatly augmented.
Wires win lead from the microphones
to amplyfying outfits controlled by
operators whose task it will be to see
that the phone lines are furnished with
the program at the proper volume
level. The output Of the lines leading
| from the microphoiles VIII he highly
amplified before tNe broadcast. The
voice Of the Presidents and other sounds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

today by engineers of the two broad
casting systems and of the Chesapeake
& Potomac Telephone Co., and all has
been declared in readiness for the
voices of stations WRC and WMAL to
take the air tomorrow in presenting to
the world the first complete story Of q
presidential Inauguration.
From these local stations the great
Washington story will be transmitted to
the central broadcasting stations of the
chain and will then be sent out over
the vast network to potentially every
home in the United States. 1t will
also be sent to Europe, Asia, Australia,
Africa, New Zealand, South America and
other foreign lands by means Of short
wave lengths.
* 4 II y
TN commenting on the foreign broad
casting phase of the National Broad
casting Co.'S inaugural program, M. H.
AylesWorth said recently: THE voice of
Herbert Hoover, delivering his inaugu-
raj address on March 4, will be heard
around the world. A detailed descrip-
ton of the proceedings, including an
eyewitness story of the inaugural pa
rade, 4 miles long. will be heard by
so ,00O, 900 listeners in the United States
and millions of others in foreign coun-
tries. The day of international broad
casts has arrived.
every State In the Union will have
delegation among the 10000 persons
who viii participate in the ceremonies.
The radio audience in the United States
and abroad will hear descriptions of
the parts that their representatives
have in the celebration. They will hear
the bands, the bugles and the fife and
drum corps as they pass the reviewing
stand, In which will be seated the newly
inaugurated President and his Official
party.
"All the color and enthusiasm Of this
qladEennial Amerfcar Ceremony will be
brought to the world the soleinnity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

Corps, who will enter with their aides.
The entry of the Supreme Court will be
announced, then that of the Vice Presi-
dent-elect, escorted by the committee on
arrangements.
The Vice Presidents oath of Office will
be broadcast, the proceedings when he
assumes the chair, the chaplain's prayer,
and the Vice Presidents address,. The
country will be learning something
about its Government.
Microphones will be located in the
presidential box in front of where Mr..
Hoover will stand while taking the oath
Of Office and while delivering his in
augural address. Some SO feet in the
rear, at point commanding view of
the entire East plaza of the Capitol, an
announcer Of the National BroadcaSting
Co. will be stationed and will describe
the crowds and give other information.
Additional microphones will be located
at other points on the plaza so that the
cheering of the crowds will be heard
distinctly by the radio Audience. Other
microphones win be located in the band
stand
At the Peace Monument announcers
will describe Mr.. Hoover as he comes
down Pennsylvania avenue on his way
to take the oath of Office and after he
leaves the Capitol for the White House,
and will tell the audience of the start of
the inaugural parade.
At the Treasury Department an
nouncers posted with commanding
view of Pennsylvania avenue will de-
scribe the scene. Announcers will be To-
Gated directly opposite the White House
reviewing stand and viii be able to see
Mr.. Hoover and the members of his
party. From this point also they will
be able to describe the parade In de-
tail as It passes in review before the
President.
a NNOUNCERS viii also be stationed
within few yards Of the White
House as the presidential marty leaves
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03
BY HUDSON GRUNEWALD.
ING ladies and gentlemen of the radio audience this

ooD gentlemen the radio audience this is
i
~
The fanfare of bands the rolling OF drums the footballs OF SOL
United States.
America, foreign
history
of
brought the front of Washington and the people
of this momentous day in American history
audience will
Washington this
day froma an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

All Is Ready to Start the Greatest
Broadcasting Feat in History Tomor-
row With Over 100 Stations Linked
in America and Foreign Countries
Tied In Over Short Wave-Fa-
nous Announcers Are Here to
Tell the Story-Listeners
Will Hear the Voice of
Hoover and the Music
and Noise of the
Parade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-03

A NNOUNCERS win also be stationed
within few yards Of the White
House Is the presidential party leaves