davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1929-09-13
The knowledge Test for
Readers of The Times

Match correctly:
/. Brig Terrfy s@s*t&
2. Exonerate Steal fSss5
3. Fitch Two masted square rsg0erksvn...I
4. Intimidate Crowd sS#s.ht
5. Multitude To free from blame
Do you know:
s. Who the American Ambassador Great Britain!
7. What is unicorn?
daughters Henry queens of England
9. How long did the Spanish American War ast2 f.a
10. What is meant by a triumvirate?
IL. In what century was Florida discovered? -
IL What the exclamation of Julius passed
the Rubicon?
Is. Why the shamrock the symbol of Ireland? t-
Id. What is Roman nose?
Whose turned into pillar Of salt because she
turned back?
ANSWERS o Magazine Page)
The Washington times., 1929-09-13

So4E cF THE 4oteidsTERs Wi4EAi LATE reN Set4esl4
WITHOUT A. EXCUSE HAVE TNleh oF faiDsrsd cvEp
on The FAR 4DE or THE TRAehs TILL. the
6AR AoNAga Al.oAtA
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
spy SYSTEM AND
SLAVE WAGES IN
VA. CANDY PLANT
Planters Workers Live
in Fire Trap Shanties
(By a Worker Correspondent)

(By a Worker Correspondent
SUFFOLK, Va, (By Nail In
Suffolk, Va, is located the Planters
Nut and Chocolate Co. Suffolk is a
typical southern mill town. The first
whistle blows at five o'clock in the
morning and is followed by whistles
at $50, 500, $50, 6:45, $50 and the
final whistle at seven o'clock. At
the last whistle if the worker is
not at his machine or table he is
told to go to the office and get
his time.
At noon the slaves are given an
hour for dinner and then from one
until six o'clock they are kept busy.
The factory is most unsanitary.
Peanut shells are piled high on the
floors, reminding one of heavy
snow. One wades continually in two
to six inches of nut shells. The
plant has no noticeable ventilating
system. 1t is always stuffy and
stinks from the sweat of white and
Negro toilers.
The wages for white workers
averages about twenty to twenty
four cents an hour. For Negro
workers the scale is much smaller,
averaging about twelve to fifteen
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

everywhere bears the seeds of fas-
cism. In the developing semi-com-
pany unionism these seeds are
sprouting very considerably.
Objective conditions are increas-
inglS' favoring the development Of
this unionism. 1t is period in which
American imperialism, confronting
increasing difficulties at home and
abroad, has to modify its r,ethGds
of open dictatorship and to have re-
course somewhat to the means of
social reformism, although this is
of fascist-like type. The growing
y situation makes it necessary fol
the imperialists to draw social re-
formists, concretety the A. f. Of L.
bureaucracy, more closely than ever
into their service in order to demon
alize the workers in the face Of the
war preparations, and this is being
done. The increasing rehabilitation
Of the masses, because of industrial
crises, wage cuts. the speed-up, I'M
employment, ETC., and the Inevitable
ity of mass struggles in the near fu-
ture, further adds to the necessity cf
the imparialists utilizing the A. F..
of L. bureaucracy (also the S. P.)
IN a strikebreaking role. To do this
involves the development of some
sort Of unionism, at least in stra-
tegic sections of industry and dur
ing periods of pressure from The
masses. This will mean an inten-
sification of the present tendencies
toward company unionism, not the
/ development of the traditional trade
unionism. For several years past
the A. T. Of L. leaders, with their
program of intensified class collab-
Grafton, have been travelling fast in
the direction of company unionism.
A sharpening war situation and
growing mass struggles, with an ac-
tual or threatened growth of the
new revolutionary unions, will has
ten this process. These leaders will
be the tools of the employers in
building up a strike-breaking sys-
tenn that may best be characterized
as company unionism, with shad-
owy independence, and tinged with
trade union Technology, traditions,
and leadership. We have already
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
cow ENTION DISCUSSION SECTION

The growing surrender of REFORM
ist trade unionism to the theology
and organization of company union
ism constitutes to a certain degree
merger between social reformism
and the industrial phases of bour-
geois reformism. This is not merely
an American phenomenon. 1t is also
taking place in various other coun-
tries, in varying degrees, in Eng
land under the name of "Mondism,"
in Germany as industrial demo-
crazy" etc. 1t is one of the main
paths of social democratic betrayal
OF the workers tc capitalism. More
and more the social democrats look
away from Karl Marx and towards
American efficiency engineers.
Ny articles on Capitalist Eff
cheney Socialism pointed this out.
Their chief error, as have already
indicated, like in my article in "The
Communist" was in not making it
clear that in spite of this partial
merger Ol SOCldl ISlOIHlSHI anu
bourgeois reformism, social reform
ism, with it's insidious illusions and
powerful base among the organized
labor aristocracy, remains the most
dangerous kind of reformism, that
kind upon which the capitalists al
ways depend in their crisis, the last
bulwark against the proletarian
revolution.
The concluding portion Of COM
rade Fosters article Will be printed
IN the Daily Worker tomorrow. 1t
will take up his criticism of the point
Of vieaO of Comrades Pepper aud
Bittelman. as 1VeI as of the other
comrades and 1ViU sum up his posi-
ton on the entire question.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

company unionism also proceeds.
Their only complaint is that the en-
ployers do not accept their sur
render fast enough and let them
build semi-company unions. The
borderline between company union
ism and reactionary trade un.onism
becomes constantly fainter. The
two movements already overlap at
many points. Actual amalgamations
Of company unions and trade unions
have occurred in the cases of the
Nash company union and the Mitten
Plan company union. Such organi-
cations as those established in Osha-
wa, Colorado, and various parts Of
the coal industry, following the au-
tomobile and coal strikes, while os-
tensibly trade unions, were so close
ly controlled by the companies as
to verge upon company unionism.
Various forces, represented by
VOLTS Civic Federation committee,
W. Jett Lauck, ETC., are advocating
the organizational amalgamation Of
the trade unions and company
unions. The eagerness with which
the A. F. of L. snapped up Mitten's
offer showed their willingness to GO
much deeper into company unionism
whoever the employers say the
word. Throughout the old trade
S the o-1-c.als tend to look
upon themselves more and more as
agents of the employers to speed
up and control the workers. In
creasingly they rely upon the capt.
talists and the state to maintain
them in office against efforts Of the
workers to dislodge them.
The trend is definitely toward the
development of type of unionism
between company unionism and
present day degenerated trade
unionism. This unionism, based pri-
marily upon the corrupt labor aris-
tocracy, is ideologically close to
company unio'lism, and with the A,
F. of l.. bureaucracy playing a cen
l. trail role in it. Social democracy
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

the meet ii,stolment of this article.
In order to understand what is
taking place with the old trade
unions it is necessary that we ex-
anime briefly the general process of
the indignation of the forces of inn
perialism.
Iencies of Imperialism.
political conflict, for more intense
exploitation of the working class, the
Comintern Program indicates that
imperialism splits off the better
placed section of the working class
from the main and more oppressed
section of the masses. This is the
upper stratum of the working class,
bribed and corrupted by Imperialism.
They comprise the leading elements
of the social democratic parties" "
This splitting-off process of the la
Dor aristocracy and its Indignation
into the forces of Imperialism is
further concretized in the Theses of
the 9th World Congress as, "The
grating of the upper stratum of the
reformist trade unions and re-
formist parties on to the employers
organizations and the bourgeois
state, the appointment Of workers
to official positions in the state and
capitalist organizations, the theory
and practice of industrial demo-
cracy,' industrial peace ETC."
This analysis of the Comintern
applies completely to American i'm
perialism, even as to British, Japan
csc, or any other imperialist system.
In this country especially are these
concentration tendencies in evidence.
Rapid strides are being made in
more closely joining the big capt.
talist industrial-financial organiza-
tons with the state, in grating thu
upper stratum of the trade unions
onto the employers organizations
and the government. And the
whole process is an integral part
of American imperialism's feverish
war and naturalization program.
Here we come to the crux of our
problem. The present discussion,
provoked by my article in "The
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
g. The Company Unionization of the Trade Unions.

In my article in "The Communist"
and in many previous articles
(which have been put forth for the
past three years and have remained
unchallenged in our Party and the
Comintern and Profintern until the
present controversy, / have an
alyzed the industrial aspects of the
process Of grating the American
reactionary trade unions into the
employers organizations as the COM
Experimentation of the trade
unions. According to this analysis,
the old trade unions, under the pres
sure of the employers open shop
drive and the efforts of the A. F. of
l.. leaders to re-adapt the unions to
serve even more effectively as in
struments of the employers, are be-
ing rapidly degenerated in the
general direction of company union
ism. That there is a distinct trend
towards the merger of company
unionism and A. T. of L. trade
unionism and the emergence of a
semi-company unionism Of strong
fascist-like tendencies in which the
A. F. of L. bureaucracy will play
decisive role. This is the path
taken, especially since 1922, in the
United States in the grating of the
trade unions onto the employers in
dustrial organizations, the connect
ing of the labor aristocracy to the
machinery of American imperialism
in the industries. My article in
"The Communist" points out that
this tendency is being FASTENED by
the developing war situation sharp
ening economic depressions, and the
Leftward drift of the masses.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
r CANINI TO INTRODUCE
NEW RESPIGHI WORK

This evening, at Carnegie Hall,
Arturo Toscanini will conduct the
Philharmonic Orchestra in his first
concert this season. The program
will include the premiere of Res
pighi's latest work, Fiesta Ro-
nana," another impression in the
series which contains "The Foun-
tains of Rome" and 1.-THE Pines of
Rene" The program of tonight
will also include: Mozart's Sym
phony in D (Koechel 1857, Debus-
sy's liberia" and the "Tannhauser"
Overture. This program will be re-
peated Friday afternoon and Satur-
day evening at Carnegie Hall and
Sunday afternoon at the Brooklyn
Academy of Music. Another nov
city, Pizzetti's Concerto dell'Estate,
will be played at the concert of Feb.
2 Sand March /.
Toscanini arrived last Wednesday
morning following his Scala season.
He will conduct 20 concerts in New
York City this season and six on
tour.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
Bourgeois Retornisna and Social Retor1,1lsn1

noted the beginnings of such union
ism. The so-called Labor Age
Music group of "progressives," like
the Left" social democrats in Eur
ope, will simply act as a phrase
mongerirg cover-up movement for
this organized system Of betrayal.
The spread of this semi-company
unionism will depend primarily upon
the urgency of the need of the CAPT
talists. Comrade Bittelman in
correctly says that in my article in
The Communist" I minimize the de-
cisive role of our Party. He de-
clares that the question of whether
or not the A. F. of L. will grow will
be decided in the very heat of the
struggle, in the headon collision be-
tween CoInIl..ll-3n i..~ I--.-.. --.
This IS true, but not in the sense
that he puts it. Of course, in the
Ions Ia, cur Party, at the head of
the revolutionary masses of workers,
will eventually shatter all the re-
formist organizations and the CAPT
talist state. But for the immediate
future it is exactly the pressure of
the masses, led by US, that will tend
to force the capitalists to build their
semi-company unionism under A. F.
of L. leadership. The heavier our
pressure, the more their tendency to
construct such movements as buffers
against us, on the same principle,
although to a sharper degree, that
they built the company union move
ment originally as a dixie against
trade unionism.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

The tendency towards a merger
of company unionism and reaction
airy trade unionism proceeds along
both theological and organizational
lines. Ideologically, the A. F. of L.
leadership has surrendered almost
completely to the naturalization
company union engineers and eco
nomists of American Imperialism.
This surrender constantly becomes
more open and unashamed. In the
enrlv stages of the NEW orienta-
ton" of the A. F. of L. bureaucracy
.5oar&s Intensified class collabora-
ton in its almost frantic efforts to
re-adapt the old unions to the re-
formistic needs of the arrogant
employers, tendency which became
especially apparent after the loss Of
the national strike of railroad shop
mechanics in 1922, the A. F, of l..
dressed up the naturalization pro-
gram of the employers in pseudo
working class clothes and gave its
various phases new names, such as,
"the new wage policy, "the higher
strategy of labor" ETC., but now they
increasingly put forth these CAPT
talist programs "in the raw" They
make no opposition to, and in many
cases openly advocate capitalist
welfare systems, company sport ac-
tivities, group insurance, employe
stock-buying, etc. Their theological
eight" against company unionism
has been whitfield down to nothing.
They accept and propagate all the
illusions of capitalist efficiency So
cialism, provided these do not bear
too radical" aspect.
Organizationally, the surrender
of the A. F. of L. bureaucrats to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

(The second article of this series
By ComrGde Foster UGs published IN
the Daily Worker yesterday. 1t
dealt aoith the folloWing points: So
ciaI reformism the main danger; the
uaryirg tempo of social reformism;
the question OF decline and crisis;
and American trustified capital and
social reformism. Today aOe print
5. Consolidation Ten,
In his book, Imperialism" Com
rade Lenin analyses the widespread
consolidation Of capitalist forces,
with a consequent reshaping cf all
institutions and capitalist policies,
and development of irreconcilable do
nestle and world contradiction as the
essential characteristics of imperial
ism. In this respect he points out the
concentration of industry and mon
opoly," the Capitalization of finance
capital and its merging with indus
trial capital, under "the hegemony Of
finance capital" Many later Com
intern documents, while pointing
out the deepening internal contradic-
tions OF imperialism, have further
concretized this general concentra-
ton tendency. Thus the Program
and the Theses adopted by the 9th
World Congress of the Comintern
laid great stress upon the develop
ment of state capitalist tendencies,
the Theses declaring, ga growth is
observed in state capitalist tend
encies, both in the form of state
capitalism proper Estate electrical
stations, municipal industrial and
transport enterprises) as well as in
the form of the merging of private
onter~rises with the dreams Of the
state"
This growth of state capitalist
tendencies in the respective i'm
perialist countries, which the Theses
say is "the characteristic expression
of the present critical period of CAPT
talism," is declared to be sob
iectively a prerequisite for military
economic mobilization for future
conflicts"
AS part of this general consolida-
ton of imperialism for economic and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
USSR PLOUGHING PLAN
Start Intensive Drive for 1929 CROPS

vidual peasants are to be respon-
sible for 4,180,000 hectares, while
the collective and government farms
are to extend their cropped area by
100000 hectares.
The plan likewise calls for an in
crease of the acreage under tech
meal crops, viz: flax 8 per cent,
sugar beet 10 per cent, cotton 20
per cent, over the respective figures
for last year.
Poor and middle peasants are to
be supplied with more than $4,000
tons of seeds; upwards of 373,500
tons of minerals are to be used to
fertilize 100000 hectares of land.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

MOSCOW, (By MaiD.-The State
Planning Committee of the USSR
has presented for confirmation to
the Council of Peoples Commissars
it's plan for the 1929 spring plough
ing campaign.
The plan provides for sharp adj
vance in the grain crops, to be ac-
complished both by an extension of
the cultivated area and by the stimu-
lation of the yielding capacity Of
the soil.
The area under spring crops in
the RSFSR and Ukrainia alone is
to increase in 1929 by SIS million
hectares; of this figure the indi-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
English Local Council
Steals Charity Shoes
to Help Break Strike

ABERCARN, England, Feb. 20
(UP).-A large crowd of men and
women stormed the Local Council
Chamber when they learned that
boots and shoes received here yes
terday for distribution among the
suffering poor would be given only
to men who had returned to work
at the neighboring prince of Wales
Colliery. The crowd of unemployed
miners and their wives was dis
persed after a two-hour demonstra-
ton.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

cents an hour. A pay envelope
showed a total of $5.55 for forty
hours of work, showing an average
of thirteen and seven-eighths cents
per hour.
The workers, of course, are forced
by their small pay to live in shan
ties which closely resemble match
boxes and are veritable fire traps.
These so-called houses are probably
owned by the owners of Planters
Nut and Chocolate Co.
Another scheme is the employees
club. Here dues of fifty cents per
month are collected, in return for
which the members receive an occa-
sional banquet and at Christmas
time each year a box of chocolates,
approximate value 50c). 1t is made
a point in each department to have
100 per cent membership in the club.
In many Of the departments the fore
men threaten the workers with dis
charge if they do not enroll in the
club.
Another feature of Planters is
the complete and efficient spy sys-
tenn which gets rid of any employe
who manifests any dissatisfaction
with working conditions and trys to
get the workers to organize for an
eight-hour day and higher wages.
One worker who dared talk to his
fellow workers of the terrible condi-
tons was promptly gotten rid of
and blacklisted throughout the south.
The workers are generally dissat-
isfied and need only some one to
lead the way for the struggle for
decent conditions and the right to
live like human beings.
IRVING KREICHMAN.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
Roman Roland Play to Be
STAGED by Theatre Guild

THE Theatre Guild will as it's next
production present Roman Roll
lands "The Game of Love and
Death" The play is due at the Bit
more Theatre on Monday, March i.
The staging is being directed by
Reuben Mamoulian, the settings are
by Alinc Bernstein and the cast in
cludes Margalo Gilmore Arthur
Byron, Earl Larimore, Morris CTR
novsky, Claude Rains and Henry
Travers.
Judith Andersen, who has been
out Of the cast of the O'Neili drama
Strange Interlude" because of i'll.
ness, has returned to her role of
Nina Leeds.
A new balcony set was the cause
of the postponement Of the premiere
Of "Let Us Be Cay starring Fran
cine Larrimore, at the Little The
atre from Monday night to this eve
ming. John Golden is sponsoring the
new Rachel Crothers' comedy.
f. E. Give, producer of "The
Whispering Gallery" the mystery
drama at the Forrest Theatre, has
acquired the American rights to
The Ringer" Edgar Wallace's Lon
don success. He will produce it at
his Copley Theatre, Boston, follow
ing the run of "The Whispering Gal
lery" there, and plans to show it on
Broadway late this season.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

Communist" turns around exactly
the question of the grating Of the
reactionary trade unions onto the
organizations, especially
its industrial aspects; how this takes
place and what are it's general i'm
plications for the old trade unions,
for the new revolutionary industrial
unions, and, of course, for our
Party. In this respect we have sew
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

The modern bourgeois s0ciety
that hc~ sprouted from tLs ruins
of feudnl society. has not done
away with class nntnGOnisms. II
has hut established new classes,
new conditions IL oppression. new
forms of struggle in place Of the
old Oncs.-KarI Marx Communist
ManifeEtO).
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21
BY WILLIAM z. FOSTER.

eral theories, principally those of
Comrades Pepper, Bittelman, and
all of which presume to base
themselves upon the general analysis
given by the Comintern.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

We have seen nbove thnt the first
step In the revolution by the work.
ing class II to raise the. proletariat
to the position Of ruling class. to
win the bnttle of demOcracy--KnrI
Marx Communist ManifestO)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

The prOirtnriaD movement in
the Sclf-c O n G o n, Independent
movement Of the Immense major
ity.---Knrl Marx tCom Maui
fextof.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-21

OF all the classes that stand fnce
to face with the bourgeoisie today
the proletnriat alone is n really reyO-
lutfOnnry class.--karl Marx Conn
munist Manifesto).
Imperial Valley press., 1929-12-16
Baseball Fight
Marking Time

CHICAGO, Dee. l6. UP)-TEe
battle for the pugelistic champion
ship of the big leagues NAV be held
Imperial Valley press., 1929-12-16
Police Request
Prompt Reports

An epidemic of attempted sky
light robberies and other second
story operations has been noticed III
the city of late according to iafor
nation from police officials. The
most peculiar part of this affair,
however. is that reports on such at
tempted pilferings do not reaci; de-
partment headquarters until it is
too late for effective police atcion
Another peculiar angle is that when
police officers begin an investiga-
tion after hearing of these thefts
and start to clean out suspicious
characters, reports begin to arriv"
at the city hall.
The police department needs the
cooperation of the public in keep
ing the city free from disturbing
elements, Chief Oswalt states.
Where suspicious characters CT a"-
tions are noted, the police should b'
Informed Immediately, especially if
these should he at night. The de
partment is always ready to re-.
spond to every call even if it shon!d
prove to be false alarm, the chic. !.
said.