davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
Lineup and Summary.

downs--vannice (0. Point after touch
down-CasSle.
Princeton scoring: Touchdown-Lea, Point
after touchdown, Barf1eld.
Ofncials: Referee-W. @. CTowell tSwarth-
rnorel Umpire-W. r. Crowley (Bowdoin) .
Linesman-G. w. Hoban tDartmouth). Field
3udRe-A. w. Palmer COLBY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
Lineup and Summary.

OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES, ROberJS, IhomRS,
Bryant. Points after touchdown. McDon-
AID (plscement kick. Fauiconer tplacement
kick. Substitutions-- (Marylahdl. Roberts
for Miller: Fisher for Lombard, Rionitzki for
Kaminer for Bryant Sippley for Faulconer.
0oldenburE for Levy, Williams for Whslen,
orrick for Turner, Esferes Mr. Scott
mouth. Field judse-Mr. HastinEs Cor
E sHn Hffn s. 81 RssriodsisO na minutes,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
CAVALIERS IN 1918
DRAW WITH TERPS
CONTINUED From First Page.)

CONTINUED From First Page)
They had to in order to make the kind
of game 1t was. Both put forth brilliant
efforts and the game, Notwithstanding
it ended in a tie, will go down in this
years history of foot ball as one of the
greatest. In such game there Is glory
enough for both elevens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
MICHIGAN STATE WINS.

EAST LANSING. Mich, November
2 OP1.--Michigan State Colleges back
field romped over Case here today and
Michigan State won, 80 to 0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
Lineup and Summary.

IouehdoTpn i;;,,I 81. M; neid sosII
Point after touchdown-Eooney tplacemenb.
saffettissMohio Sts V.rS Snd rttt's I'm.
nire-c; J. MCCARTHY tdeFmantown Acad-
bial. Field judes-Cal Bolster CPittsburSh,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
lineup and Summary.

erm. Point after touchdown-Riel tsub for
RefereeEMr. Eckersall (Chicago).. I'm
pIre-Mr. Schommer (Chlcaso). Field !ndge
Mr.. Young illinois Wesleyan). Head
lfnesman-Mr. Lipp Northwestern N. p.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03

Penn scorinE-Touchdown Wilmer. Points.
after touchdown--Masters tplace kick.
Navy scoring-Safety, Gette (Kick blocked
by Hughes).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
Line-un and Summary.

SCORING summary: Minnesota toucadowns
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. !. Indiana scoring:
Touchdown-Brubaker. Point after touch
Referee-Mr. Magidson tMichiganl. Um-
pire-Mr. KNIGHT tDartmouth). Field judge
Mr.. Hackett west Point). Head lines
mRn-Mr. Graves (Illinois).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
Lineup and Summary.

Ho%aTd Johnson Columbia SCORING: Touch
oo Ssf.rse@Ed Thorpe de La sallel. UNI
pirsAW q. Elcock Dartmouth: LinesmAn--
= Sherlock Brown. Field 1udGe-G. Z.
Keithley Illinoisj.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03

Pufdue Sc0rina. TOuchdoWns--WeIch, Kia-
sell Sub for Woernep. Point after touch
down-Ha rtneson.
ofhcials: Referee-Mr Masker Northwest
ernl umpire--Mr. Haines (Yalel. Field
iudse.Mr Gardner tfllinntO. Head inass
man-Air. Gardner (Cornel).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03

Score by periods:
Georsia Tech ...............O 50 %
>. Notre Dame scoring: Touchdowns--Elder
tute for SavoldD, Carideo, Schwartz. Try
for point after touchdown-Carideo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-03
BOOTH BRIGHT STAR
+ IN 16-TO-12 VICTORY

Continued From First Page
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
u. s. CITIZENS SAFE.
Consul Reports TOrreon Situation to
State Department. s.

Consul Reports Torreon Situation to
State Department. s.
BY the Associated Press.
American citizens i'll Torreon were
reported by Consul Powell TO the State
Department today TO be comparatively
safe at present. The dispatch was sent
at s pm. on Wednesday.
From Progreso, in the state of Yucca
tan, Consul Lane reported there had
been no political developments of i'm
portance In his district since the out
break OF the revolution. The people,
concerned Civil authorities are appar-
emily loyal to the federal government.
With all Gulf ports under the control
Of the federal government. he said.
there was little likelihood of change
In the political situation.
Ambassador Morrow at Mexico City
reported to the department today that
a report alleged to have appeared in
American newspapers that American
aviators were dropping poison gas
bombs on rebels in the state of Sonora
was denied by the Mexican govern
ment.
The Mexican authorities said aviators
flying over Sonora have dropped only
newspapers and other propaganda. Con-
sui Franklin reported from Saltillo that
he was informed by Gen. Manuel Perez
Trevino that of the 5000 troops for
merly under the command of the rebel
general Escobar he believed $500 men
had been lost in battle and by deSer-
tions within the last two days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15

United States. It was said the wife OF
Gen. Escobar had arrived at JuareZ
with large amount of gold. which she
was expected to take into the United
States.
Dispatches from Vera Cruz said that
five ranking officers Of the army OF
Gen. Jesus Maria Aguirre were execut-
ed last Tuesday at the same time Gen.
Simonn Aguirre was killed by firing
squad.
The Ave were Gen. Jose Trinidad
Roias, Gen Francisco Acosta, who was
chief OF the Yaqui forces, and Coils.
Jorge Grail. Francisco Aviles Mancilla
and Ignacio Acosta. Eighty-four others
were taken prisoner and at present are
being held at Vera Cruz for military
trial. These are IL chiefs and 70 Of
ficerS
1t was said the rebel troops became
demoralized at Santa Lucrecia upon
the approach Of the federal army and
told their officers they must either sur
render or be executed by their own
men. An attempt was made to secure
favorable terms for surrender, but this
was refused All except Gen. Jesus
Aguirre, nevertheless. decided to sur
render and face court-martial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15

mand of the revolutionary army, had
left Nogales. Borquez said he had gone
south to take charge Of rebel troops In
Sinaloa who are preparing to storm the
coast city OF Mazatlan
That the movement OF the rebels out
OF Nogales may be significant in another
manner also was limited on this side OF
the border. There were reports that a
material change in the situation at
Nogales was imminent Federal SYM
pathizers declared that Manzo's position
in Nogales had been precarious.
The whereabouts of Gen. Manzo came
in for attention again early this NOM
ing when Gen Abelardo Rodriguez, gov
ernor of the Northern district of Baja
California and supporters Of the Next
can government. registered at hotel
here and inquired for the rebel chief
tain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
BALLOU is SPEAKER.

DR.. Frank w. Ballou, superintendent
OF schools, is In Petersburg. Va, today
attending the meeting of the Virginia
Education Association. where tonight at
8 o'clock he will speak on THE Signifl-
canoe OF Individual Differences Among
Pupils
The meeting will be presided over by
]. G. Scott, president of the Petersburg
Teachers Club. Delegates to the ses-
sions include educators from District
D." embracing Greensville, Sussex. Pow
haitian, Surrey, Prince George, Dinwid-
die, Nottoway, Brunswick. Lunenburg
Cumberland Prince Edward and Amelia
Counties and the cities of Petersburg
and Hopewell.
DR.. Ballou will return tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
BISBEE RESIDENTS ALARMED.
Impending Fight for Naco Worries
Arizona Town.


NACO. Sonora, Mexico, March Is (F1
American correspondents today were
still awaiting the expected battle OF
Naco. TO all appearances an encounter
between Gen. Augustine Olachea'S 1900
Indian federals fortified here and Gen.
Fallsto Topete, reported TO be advanc-
ing upon the town from Nogales with
/. 900 rebels, was imminent. but they
have learned that mariana" ttomor-
row. is a slogan of Mexican military as
well as civil life.
At Aqua Prieta, to the east, Gen.
Yucupicio still held the town with
about 500 Mayo and Yaqpi Indians, VINO
at first were thought to be rebels. later
became federals and today apparently
were of uncertain status as far as the
revolution Is concerned
Gen, Francisco Manzo was reported
to be en- route to Ma2atlan TO take
charge of rebel troops near the city.
Rebel headquarters at Nogales said
total of 1000 men would inquire Ill the
attack upon Naco.
In Lower California inhabitants OF
several small Southern villages were
reported to have gone rebel" In the
North. 800 Mexican farmers were re-
ported 10 have Joined the revolutionary
cause at Ensenada, and to be advanc-
ing with the border town OF I'll Juana as
their objective This report, which
originated at Nogales, was unconf1rmed
in Lower California. where 1t was de-
MED that federal troops had been WITH
drawn from San Luis Sonora.
Naco stands between the rebel force
at Torreon, where great battle Is ex-
pected, and the American border. The
warllke demonstrations here have
caused concern to the citizens OF Bis
bee. Ariz, eight miles north. which is
guarded by American troops. Cattle
have been reported stolen from nearby
American ranches and fears were felt
that American lives would be in danger
if there Is a battle there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
FLEE
TROUBLE Center
Large Number Reaches
Juarez En- Route to u. S.
Many Are Stranded.

BY the Associated Press.
JUAREZ, Mex. March 15.--A num-
Der of Americans, most of whom de-
clined to give their names. have arrived
here bv train from Torreon, and 1t was
learned that there are many Americans
stranded in the town, unable to get
funds with which to leave because the
banks are closed.
There is no way for Americans in
Torreon to communicate with outside
points, it was reported.
j, j. McKernon and D, w. Hopkins,
auditors for the American Smelling &
Refining Co. who were on the train,
said there was much military activity
in the vicinity of Torreon, but that
citizens of that district were going
about their business as usual
Each train arriving in JuareZ from
Torreon brought all ever-increaSlng
crowd of Americans and Mexican citi-
zens fleeing from the military zone.
Passengers took turns standing and Sit
ting on the crowded trains. and train
of pullmans was made up in Juarez to
return waiting throngs anxious to re-
turn to the United States until the
trouble Is over.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
HESSE ORDER APPROVED.

The order of Maj. Edwin b. Hesse,
superintendent of police, restoring Capt.
Guy E. Burlingame to duty as COM
nander of the second precinct, follow
ing his exoneration by the special trial
board. was approved today by the Board
of District Commissioners. Capt.
Burlingame returned to duty Tuesday.
The order also directed the payment
to Capt. Burlingame of the salary with
held during the period of his requested
suspension.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
DURANGO KEY TO TORREON.
Gives Gales Control of Situation to
Northeast

Northeast.
| MEXICO CITY, March IS CP.-
Capture of Durango would open an
| federal forces. The city has about 40.
| 600 population and, like RTorreon. splen-
did natural mountain Notifications.
| At Torreon. $50 miles northeast OF
Durango, the rebels are reported to be
strongly intrenched and In some circles
| there is less hope of evacuation Of the
| city without battle than has been the
case heretofore.
| Flight northward to Chihuahua offers
| the rebel Gen. j. Gonzalo Escobar and
his forces an opportunity for possible
escape into the United States: to re-
main in the city they court decisive
battle with the federals on which their
cause must either rise or fall.
Five Columns Move ON City.
The federal offensive against the city
took the form today OF five separate
columns moving In its direction. Three
OF these came from the east under the
command OF Gems. Andrea Almazan,
Saturino Cedillo and Lazaro CardenaS.
A fourth offensive body, part of the
force of Beneval Gales, operated along
the railroad between Ganitas. Zacatecas
and Torreon The fifth, under COM
mand of Gen. Gales himself, was en-
gagged in the attack on Durango. prior
to a movement against Torreon from
the southwest.
The three divisions moving from the
east expect to converge at Lake Viezca.
midway between Torreon and ParraS
and 80 kilometers east of Torreon. I'm
confirmed reports said part of the forces
of Gen. Almazan had already reached
this point
The Eastern armies have, in addition
to cavalry and infantry contingents,
four regiments of artillery for use in
bombardment of Torreon If it is neces-
sary to Its capture.
Both from the east and southeast
effective Mexican methods of tearing up
railway lines are delaying the federal
advance. The retreating rebels took To-
comotives and attaching chains to the
steel rails, pulled them from the ties,
twisting and breaking them.
1t is said here Gen. Gales will find
the line from Durango to Torreon
much less damaged in this way than
other lines entering the Coahuilan city.
and that knowledge of this accounted
partly for his determination to secure
control of the state before attack on
Torreon.
It is known, too, that the attack
on Durango was necessary part of
the encirciing movement which is de-
signed to cut of the escape of the
rebels from their stronghold. Detach-
ments win be sent northwest from the
Eastern armies after they converge at
Lake Viezca, seeking to break the rebel
rail line of communication with Chihua-
hua to the north.
Rebels Families Flee.
Aside from field developments. gov
eminent bulletins late yesterday and
early today told of further movements
of rebel families .northward into the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
MANZO QUITS NOGALES.
Important Developments Expected With
Movement Of Troops.

NOGALES, Ariz., March IS (49. The
reported advance upon Naco., Sonora. by
revolutionary forces was regarded here
today as an effort to clear a path for
the rebels from Torrean to the inter-
national line before the opposing armies
clash in a crucial battle in the State OF
Coahuila.
Important developments were expect
ed as the result of the sudden movement
out of Nogales of most of the rebel SOL
diers About 500 men. commanded by
Gen. Fausto Topete,- moved eastward
Yesterday, lending weight to a statement
by Gen. Francisco BorQuez that an at
tack would be made ANY time soon
upon Naco, eight miles south OF Bisbee,
Ariz.
At the same time 1t was learned that
Gen Francisco Manzo. second In COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
the centennial of Catholic political
emancipation in Ireland.

CIIibIICIpttLOII III 1IttuKISs97
For that reason, more than the usual
interest has been shown in the banquet
and many inquiries have been made as
TO whether persons not members of the
order may attend. Announcement Is
made by James T. Mccarthy. chairman
of the committee, that all persons inter-
ested may make reservations.
The order itself is open to Catholics
and Professionals alike. but Catholic
emancipation was So important an event
in Irish history that its hundredth an
niversary makes. a special appeal this
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
HIBERNIANS' BANQUET
OF DOUBLE SIGNIFICANCE
st. Patrick's Day and Centennial of
Catholic Political Emancipation
in ireland to Be Marked.

The st. Patrick's day banquet of the
Ancient Order of Hibernians, to be held
tomorrow evening, at the Hotel Willard,
will not only honor the memory of Ire
lands patron saint, but will also mark
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
Bursting Gun Kills Two.

LORIENT, France. March Is R).---
The breech of gun on the French
destroyer Somali burst during naval
maneuvers today. Two members OF the
crew were killed and one injured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
OUTGOING STEAMERS.
SAILING TODAY.

SAILING TODAY.
Antonio Lopez -Cadiz gnd Barcelona.
Atabic--Plymouth. ChefbCurg and Antwerp.
olympic Cherbours and Southampton
Luna Cape Haiti, Port de Paix' Gonaiyes
and st: Mare.
MeceaLa Guayra.
Munargo~- Nassau. o,a
Oscar Ii-CopenhaSen and Oslo.
SAILING TOMORROW.
President Eooseseit---Eavana.
Aiesla~ Ponia Deigada, Lisbon, Piraeus. Ma
pies aud Consl antinople.
Antonio CObh and Liverpool
onia-Piymouth. HaVre and London.
Bermuda Bermuda.
Veendan.-P ly mouth. Boulogne and Rotter-
Conte Grande Genoa. Naples and Gibraltar.
vanayck Earbados, Rio de Janeifo Monte
Mongolia Havana, Cristobal and San Fran
ctSco.
Albertie-~Cobh and Liverpool.
Porto Rieo--San Juan.
Huroii~saLto Domingo City.
Observation-Disclosures, Cristobal eA Port
T1viyes~-K Kingston. Puerto CastiNA, Tela
pafrt9 g asII;sx and ma Bsiize ion,s
Lapland West Indies cruise.
vaneyek Barbados. Rio de Janeiro, Santos.
Montevideo and Bnenos Aires.
Magyar Puerto Colombia.
SAILING MONDAY. MARCH 49,
| Leon xiii Havana.
SAILING TUESDAY. MARCH ~.
Ancon--P Port au Prince aid CIlstotal.
WsstpEal.a-C sno HAMBURG.
SAILING WEDNESDAY, MARCH 90.
| Fort Victoria Bermuda.
! LsViathaIt-G herbOufs and SOUTHAMPTON.
| Metapan--K Kingston, Cristobsl. Cartaaena,
Puerto Colombia and Santa Marta.
| Falcon San Juan, La Guayra, Curacao and
kiaracabo.
! Xoro-- Kingston
| Berlin Plymouth, Cherbourg and Bremen
haven.
SAILING THURSDAY, MARCH al.
| American Trader--London.
| Ebro-- Havana, Cristobal. Callso and VAL
paratso.
| Cristobal Coriuto and San Francisco.
avon Bermuda.
San Jselnto- HApana, Prosreso ana Vera
| Cruz. -
prrs,dente Wilson- Azores. Lisbon, Naples,
| Patras and Trieste.
| san Logenzo-SaD Juan and Sant3 DominEo
SAILING FRIDAY, MARCH ~.
| AQuitania- Chez bours and Southampton.
! Astrea- CaraeaD.
CrRnje NasssuAePort eu Prince.
Munargo-4Nassau.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-15
GALES SOLDIERS
OCCUPY DURANGO
Troops EncircIe T0rre0n to
Cut Off Possible Escape
of Rebels.
Continued From First Page.)

mountains and hills. The city itself Is
In a broad fat valley
Col. de Alba said reports to him indi-
Gated the rebels were preparing to with
draw from Torreon toward Chihuahua
City. 200 miles further north and 200
miles from the United States border.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28
EXPLAINS FRICTION
Al. DIES MONIES u.
President of Trustees Issues
Statement Regarding Alleged
Financial lndiscretion."
BY the Associated Press.

By The Associated Press.
DIES MONIES. Iowa. May 28.-Dr. T.
T. Shields, president of the board oil
trustees of Des Moines University, to-
day explained financial indiscretlons
in the schools operation, which had
been limited at by faculty members dur
ing the administrative upheaval at the
institution three weeks ago.
His statement also was signed by Miss
Edith M Rebman. secretary. and +. A.
Roberts of Cleveland and Rev. H. G.
Hamilton of Austin. Mimi, trustees. Inc
explanation came the day before DIS
trict Court Judge was to hold hearing
on an injunction obtained early this
month by students. forbidding the trus-
tees to close the university or to with
hold credits.
The four board members came to Des
Moines Yesterday to take control OF
the institution.
Or. Shields in his statement today
sustained report that $4,000 had been
borrowed from the university's annuity
and endowment fund TO pay current
bills, including professors salaries. This
point the statement said, formed the
basis of the accusation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28
CORPORATION TAX
ISSUE ADJUSTED
Supreme Court Makes Ruling Pro.
hibiting Assessments on U. S.
and State Securities.

States are prohibited from requiring
corporations and others who pay an
nual excise or franchise taxes for the
privilege of doing business to include in
their net income, as a measure of the
tax, interest received from Government,
State and municipal tax-exempt securi-
ties in decision by the Supreme Court
Yesterday. The Macallen Co. of Mas
sachusetts brought the case, which re-
suited in decision declaring that in
terest from such securities was exempt
from all taxation and could not be used
as part Of measure for a privilege
tax.
The court consented to review a case
considered of great Importance by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28

railroads Of the country. The contro-
versy involves the rule to be applied in
determining their liability for ship
mentS lost in transit.
The court refused to pass on the
question asked by the Court of Claims
whether municipalities could be required
to pay sales taxes on automobiles and
motor cycles purchased for their offcial
use.
The court held the Court of Claims
must decide for Itself. because to an
sver the question would decide the case.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28
William Austin WEEDS Dora Howe

HOLLYWOOD, Calf, May % CP).-
A romance of 10 years eliminated yes
terday in the marriage of William Aus
tin, screen comedian, and Dora Mae
Howe of Oakland. Calf, former stage
actress. The ceremony was performed
in st. Paul's Episcopal Church at VEN
tura, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28

While in London recently Dame Mel
lie Media. the opera star, made cake
entirely of products from Australia her
home country. and presented it to the
Duke and Duchess of York with the
expressed hope that the golden coin in
it would be found by Princess Eliza
beth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-28

When Dalkeith. Scotland recently in
Quoted its first woman magistrate into
office, her first case was that of two
tramps charged with creating disturb
ance, and to celebrate her inaugural
trial she scolded them and let them 60
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1929-05-03

sion lists.
The report shows further there
are only 80 retired policemen ~
compared to II retired Aremen.
Tho argument grew hot when
Hershey attributed the greater num-
Der Of retired firemen to the fact
that firemen usually join the depart
ment at = younger age than police
men.
1.-The average age OF men joining
the IRE department is 81, while IS
IL the average age of men joining
the police department" he stated.
This difference in age at the timt
Of starting work, and the fact that
policemen retire ut 60 years, 10 re.
sponsible for the sreater number Of
retired firemen. The difference in tho
number Of widows and orphans ia
attributable to the fact that a much
greater number, of single men join
the hre department than the police
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1929-05-03

trade and practically none had cap

trade and practically none had cap
ital.
But they were not the sort to be
easily beaten. They borrowed small
sums and began their commercial
careers unostentatiously. One man.
for example, obtained $25 from the
Russisn Benevolent society two years
ago. On this capital he started max
ing and peddling chocolates. Now
he has a flourishing confectionery.
The community also has social and
intellectual organizations. There are
charitable and religious societies. a
commercial school and hospital. An
amateur dramatic society Is among
the best of Shanghai's theatrical
companies and four newspapers are
published in Russian.
Outside this colony the Russian
picture is unpleasant. Some of. the
more than 1000 residents in other
quarters have regular salaries. but
of only about SIS month. The odd
Job men are numerous ana those OF
them who get chance to keep
watch aboard a tug or barge receive
80 cents for IL hours. Many FAM
lilies exist on the earnings of women
who work in bars and dance halls
and make from $50 TO SIS a month.
The need for food has driven nu-
merous Russians to take jobs az
strike breakers. This has caused
much friction with Chinese and cases
of assault have been numerous
There is no redress nor real protec-
ton for the Russians In such Cir
cumstances.