Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-02-12

system may be defined as an ex-
pertinent in applied socialism. The
communal lands are titled by the
individual workers. each securing
an acreage required for his needs
rs determined By the communal
council. The communal body is q
Law unto itself so far as the affairs
OF the "ejido" are concerned. Sew.
eral .ejidosD form a center. which
is controlled by the state agrarian
association, and the federal asSocia-
ton. The communal lands are con.
firmed BY the federal government
and become the property of the
community.
Taxes are assessed in the form o!
q specified percentage OF the pro.
ducts or the individual farms, and
20 into the communal fund. A very
small part goes to the state and fed.
ersl associations, the major part be.
ing utilized for educational pur-
poses within the community, i'm
provemen. Of highways. operation
Of n communal store which retails
az wholesale prices, and other com
munity purposes including purchase
Of books for communal libraries and
maintenance OF recreational centers
The Ollama "ejido," which Presi-
dent Gil confirmed in the ownership
Of communal lands during his visit
Thursday, started originally with a
loan Of $4,000 pesos from the fed
eral government. The ejido council
reported to the president that this
loan had been repaid. and that this
~ejido" now has $1,000 pesos in its
communal fund, the major part Of
which Is to be expended in construc-
ton Of additional schools and i'm
proving highways.
The "tienda ejidal," or commun-
ity store at Ollama. carried a COM
plete line Of merchandise. which was
sold at actual wholesale cost. the
cost Of operation being derived from
the tax assessed for all communal
purposes.
Prohibition is rigidly enforced In
all "eiidos' OF which there are ITO
in the state OF Tamaulipas. Under
the agrarian laws, the "eiido" is
permitted to invoke prohibition OF
NAG 1A~( "a AAN0AACGAlA1 D4 BtC-CuAAL%
n governor a petition signed by a
majority OF all adult residents OF
the community. The governor then
proclaims the community "dryD ter
ritory, and the law is enforced by
the community police. Neither state
nor federal police are ever called
upon TO maintain order. this duty
kaf.- A-sf~rI.- = - l.-l- r. -
communal council.
After the proclamation Of prohibi-
ton by the governor the following
sign is placed at each of the four
Of the communal lands: by
order Of the governor OF the state,
under petition Of the agrarians Of
this ejido, the sale of alcohol is pro-
hibited in this ejido." Any violation
Of this prohibition meets swift pun
ishment.
One Of the outstanding features of
the agrarian system, especially in
Tamaulipas, has been the develop
ment of the system of communal
schools. The school house has be-
come the center Of all activities, and
the adults as we'll as the pupils APP
pear TO take great pride in its ap-
pearance. School attendance is COM
pulsory for all under the age Of Is,
and every "ejido" in Tamaulipas IL
conducting night classes for adults.
"llliteracy. Is rapidly disappearing
in the communal ~centers." Creager
said, in discussing the development
of schools. "The progress that is
being made Is astounding. Adults,
az we'll as children, show an eager
ness TO acquire knowledge. and /
understand that the night classes
for adults are well attended. Among
the younger generation illiteracy no
longer exists"
Another feature is the develop
mont Of organized athletics, amateur
theatricals and other forms OF diver
sion. All "ejidos" have their teams
Of trained athletes. and the rivalry
Is keen. Plays are presented at the
community centers almost every
week, amateurs of exceptional merit
carrying their art into other "eji-
dos" Rivalry in this branch is al
most as keen rs athletics.
Few Americans realize what is
being done in Mexico in connection
with the agrarian movement" CreaF-
er said. "A Transformation is being
wrought among the rural popula-
tions in many parts Of the country,
and especially in Tamaulipas. The
people on the communal lands are
well supplied with durable clothing
and shoes. which they secure at a
small cost. They are eager for
knowledge. as is attested by the
large attendance at all communal
schools. and their lands are produc-
ing magnificent crops. They are
adopting scientific methods in con-
nection with their farming opera
tons, and rs n result they have inn
proved both the quantity and quail
ity of their production.
"One Of the most interesting fes-
lures Is the fact that every 'ejido'
in the state has invoked and Is en-
forcing prohibition, the direct result
Of the campaign inaugurated by
President Gil to educate the masses
and weGn them away from the use
Of in~toxieants. In all the 'ejidos'
We visited appeared contented and
prosperous, we'll clothed. with sub
stantisl homes rapidly replacing the
jaeals and huts Of old days"
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