davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
States Electoral
Votes Go to Hoover

North Dalsota's five electoral votes
are In the Hoover column.
Meeting yesterday afternoon the
five North Dakota members Of the
electoral college, who were selected
ct the presidential primary last
March, formally cast the vote cf the
state for the Republican nominee.
The law requiring the vote to be
delivered in Warrington by an elector
having bean repealed, the vote was
sent BY registered mail.
Although $500 had been approprt-
ated to meot the expenses Of the cleo
tors they viii not spend more thap
$40. Comparing notes on their ex-
penses they found that the Legislature
had appropriated more than they
would spend.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
NORTH DAKOTAPICS
|. DROP $4,000 FROM
1927 FALLE|GURES
Decrease In State ls 1 per Cent
and in Country 10 S per
Cent Smaller

A decrease Of about ! per cent. OF
about $4,000. In the fall pig crop this
year for North Dakota. as compared
with the 1877 fall crop. Is indicated
BY the December pig survey. This
survey was made in cooperation with
the postmasters. rural carriers and
contract carriers Of the state by the
division Of crop and livestock esti-
mates and The report issued through
the office of Paul G. Newman, agri-
cultural statistician for North Da-
kota. The number OF pigs saved per
litter this fall was Sc, as compared
with SIS for the fall Of 1927. 6ows
farrowing this fall were o7.2 per cent
Of the number last fall.
The fall pig crop In North Dakota
is small. about 20 per cent Of the total
yearly crop. The number Of sows In
tended for spring farrowing Is 20 per
cent greater than 1919 spring farrow-
ings. II the usual relationship be-
tween intentions and actual farrow-
ings prevails, however. the actual in
crease Of farrowings next spring will
be only about per cent. For the
United States considerable decrease
Is In prospect.
For the United States the fall pig
crop Is about per cent smaller than
q year ago, according to reports from
100000 farmers to the Department Of
Agriculture. For the corn belt the
decrease was only about ~ per cent,
but large decreases occurred In the
southern states. The decrease In
number Of sows farrowing In the fall
Of 1923 was about Z per cent, but q
slight increase in number Of pigs
saved per litter partly offset this.
A decrease In the 1929 spring pig
crop Is indicated BY the same report.
II the usual relationship between In
tentions to breed for spring farrow-
ing and actual breeding prevails.
Allowing the average spread between
intentions and actual farrowings as
indicated by past surveys. the actual
decrease in sows Arrowing next
spring will be about y per cent for
the United States and6 per cent for
the corn belt states. Both the June
and December, 1928, surveys indicate
decreases in the 1923 pit crop Is COM
pared with the 1927 GRIP. II the in
dicated percentage OF fecrease Is ap-
piled to the total 1927 crop as esti-
mated, the total decre4e In the 1923
crop amounts to aboutb, 400, 900 head
for the United States knd to about
3,200, 900 head for the cfn belt states.
North Dakota statitics reported
are: Percentage Of sowlfarrowed fall
Of 1928. compared with fall Of 1927,
97,2: percentage Of sow}farrowed fail
Of 1928 compared with bring Of 1928.
2l.4; pigs saved fall Of l2s compared
With fall Of 1927, o6.7:bows bred or
| 70 be bred for spring f4rowing, 1929.
compared with sows 1afowed spring
Of 1928, 1904, compare with swine
over six months, eos; vine over six
months, compared Will total swine.
including pigs, Decembdl, 1928. 79.3:
aevrqgc number Of pi( saved per
litter, fall Of 1928. Sc, Il Of 1927, SIS.
spring Of 1928. 5.S.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
Mild '2S DECEMBER
! WASNOT WARMEST
Nine Decembers Here in SIS
Years Were Warmr; Two
Were just as Warm

Though December. 1928. seemed
exceptionally mild in Bismarck. In
the last S. years the city has ex-
perienced nine Decembers that have
been warmer and two that have been
just as warm.
Mean temperature for the 1o2s
month was - degrees above 8ero.
The years 1918 and 1919 had Decem.
bers with the Same average while
Decembers in 1877, 1881, 18o6, 1855.
1890, 1894 1907. 1913, and 1923 had
higher mean temperatures. Decem-
Der, 1877, with Z temperature Of -
degrees, Was the w1rmest on record.
while the same month last year, With
On average Of two degrees below zero.
was the ccldest on record.
Bismarck last month had 10 clear.
10 partly cloudy, and IL cloudy days.
Dearth Of moisture falling in Bis
marck last month was marked. Only
~ Of an inch Of precipitation fell
and there was but q trace Of snow
at the end Of the month. Deficiency
in precipitation for the month Was 80
Of IN inch.
Total wind movement was S,A7o
miles. the prevailing direction being
frpm the northwest.
The city had fog Dec. 13 and sleet
Dec. II. Solar halos appeared Dec,
8. and II while lAnar halos appeared
Dec. 1s. -, and n.
Mean atmospheric pressure wa
30.06. highest being 30.67 Dec. 81 and
lowest being 2o.S0 Dec. 2S.
Sunshine was II per cent Of pos
sible. two per cent below normal.
Dec. n was the warmest day last
month. with Z temperature Of n
degrees, the coldest day being Dec.
when the mercury dropped to !;
below.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03

Quick lunches, ,lsuallfold, gulped
down 50 the dinner hot will not be
over before yow can ID little play
ing, Is the BEST way ruin your
stomach, and you suf4 from indi-
gestion. heartburn. blodbg, uervou4-
ness, headaches: and. lorst Of al.
you set thin. pale audPak.
II you must ct tha(way. always
keep . package of Pan Ddapepsin
handy soNyou can CHI ono Of the
pleasant-tasting tablstafter your
meals. i keeps the ID sweet 20
your stomach can digef.
Follow the experiend(1 Thousands
who again have . your)ppetite. Al
druggists recommend \ guarantee
pape's Diapepein To {vo mdiees-
ton and swoeten th4omach II q
minutes. ADV.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
AT THE MOVIES
ELTINGE THEATRE

Zane Grey's latest literary work,
Avalanche" serves as vehicle to
feature that western favorite. Jack
Holt, 1T the Eltinge Friday and Satur-
day.
This is Holt's third picture under
his new contract. and it Is reported to
be m even better picture than THE
Water Hole" the part-technicolor film
recently shown at the Etinge.
Avalanche" is story Of adventure
in the new west and shows Holt In
another virile role.
During the past four months Holt
has completed two Zane Grey produc-
tions. The first was THE Vanishing
Pioneer" In which the actor essayed
two important roles. The next was
1.-THE Water Hole" scenes for which
were photographed in the natural col.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
ors of the Monumental valley and
Segi canyon, the locale Of the tale.
CAPITOL THEATRE

Street Angel" powerful story
with an absorbing human love theme
made under the direction Of Frank
Borzage for Fox Films, is at the Capt.
tol theatre tonight. In this produc-
ton both director and critics feel that
they have found fitting successor to
18th Heaven" his great masterpiece
of last year which created such wide
spread comment as one OF the great
est pictures ever filmed.
Janet Gaynor and Chares Farrell,
the two youngsters who rose to fame
overnight as the Diane" and Chico
of that production, appear together
again in Street Angel" at the head Of
an exceptional cast.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
WEATHER CONDITIONS

A high pressure area Is centered
over South Dakota and temperatures
are quite low from the Great Lakes
region to the northeastern Rocky
Mountain slope. A low pressure area,
accompanied by warmer weather, Is
centered over Utah and Nevada.
Light precipitation occurred at most
places throughout the northern states
while generally fair weather prevails
In the southern states.
Highways throughout the State are
mostly In good condition.
oNRIS W. ROBERTS,
Meteorologist.
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
France Feels Winter
as Heavy S1{w Falls

Paris, Jan. 3-(R)-Wter prevailed
throughout all France tlay even the
sunny south not being skred.
The whole provencallregion was
mantled with snow, mal4g commune
ications difficult by rail I'D highway.
The thermometer was lntinuing to
drop.
In the east snow cau1d the river
Marne to overflow its bdlks ct vitry- :
le-Francois and Eperna4
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
.MICHAEL STRANGE HAPPY

New York, Jan. 3.-(R)-Michael
Strange, back from abroad for the
first time since her divorce from John
Barrymore, wishes everyone In the
world happiness. and that includes
John and Dolores Costello Barry.
more, and herself. II have . tire.
mendous romance on" she amplified.
"but cannot give It away just yet"
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
Weather Report
WEATHER FORECAST

For Bismarck and vicinity: Mostly
cloudy tonight and Friday, with pos
sibly snow. Not much change In
temperature. /,
For North Dakota: Mostly cloudy
tonight and Friday: possibly snow
west portion. Somewhat warmer to-
night northwest portion and east por-
tion Friday. .s-
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03
TWO MEN ARRESTED

Fargo, Jan. 3.-(ReDan Marsh and
Arthur sweuson Of Chicago, wer(
under arrest at Powell. Wyo., Of
charge Of stealing an automobile q
Fargo. .
The Bismarck tribune., 1929-01-03

Ramstad, Or. g. +. stackhouse, all Of
Bismarck, members Of the. advisory
council. s.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
GANCMEN ENTER
 CHURCH, HELD UP
 TIE CONGREGATION
SILENCE OF CHURCH BROKEN BY CURSES; TWO ROBBERS
 RECOGNIZED

CHICAGO, April g, P)-Five snarling and cursing thieves, mask ed and armed, held up 80 members of the First Rumanian Synagogue congregation last night taking $75,0OO in money and jewels.
 It was the first instance on the Chicago police records of holdup inside a place of worship.
 Laurence Bungardean, Rumanian vice consul, was among the few who escaped loss. He was mistaken for one who already had been searched.
 For nearly half an hour the rob- oers, with pistol and some with shot guns, moved among the con- gregation which had been ordered to line up against a wall with their arms in the air. From the hands and arms of women the rob- bers snatched bracelets and rings; the mems pockets yielded billfolds, watches and some jewelry.
 The robbers frequently broke the silence in the church with curses and held handkerchiefS to their faces. Before the robbery was com pleted two of them abandoned concealment and some of the mem bers of the congregation are said to have recognized them; two names were later given to the po- lice.
 During their leisurely search the robbers came to Rabbi Goldstein and took $22 from a billfold; ob- serving the Rabbi's name the lead er told his aide to return the money. J. D. RayneS offered $1.90 10 the robbers as they approached him I'm the janitor," he said, and the robber chief told him to keep his money.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
ENEMItS Ut LUI.G
 DESIRE ID THROW TIE BOOK AT HIM
ATTEMPT TO MUZZLE PRESS EVIDENTLY GOT GOVERNOR
 AWFUL MESS
BATON ROUGE, April g, R)-

BATON ROUGE, April g, (P- Plans for additional charges against Gov. Long are being dis cussed by members of the Louis jana house.
 E4gnLeen additional charges to the one voted on Saturday are be- lore the house for action but it has Inot been d e init e ly determined whether all will be pressed. Enc mics of Long want to go the limit but others believe the house vote taken means only a few more charges will be made. The subcommittee is scheduled to meet to decide the procedure when the lower house reconveneS tonight. The senate will sit as a court of impeachment soon after all the charges are disposed. First charge was that the Governor at tempted to suppress the freedom of the press.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST RESIGNS
 POST; POLITICS
MONSIGNOR IGNAZ SEIPEL CON TROLLED AUSTRIAN REPUB-
 LIC FOR YEARS

VIENNA, April 8, (P)-Monsignor Ignaz Seipel, Roman Catholi Priest,
 who as prime minister or chaneel- Tor controlled the Austrian repub- lie for half of it's existence, resign
 ed his post. Tn announcing his resignation, Monsignor Seipel re- ferred to attacks on his "priestly office and my church." and the fact that many of his fellow officials objected to association of Catholic ism with politics, is believed among
 reasons for his withdrawal from of flee. Alfred Fuerter, president of the lower chamber will probably succeed shim.
 From Warsaw came the an- nouncement that Premier Bartle
 has resigned as leader of politics.
 His successor has not been decid-
 ed on.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
COMMANDER IF
 BER|NC PATROL EVROUTE NORTH
MAY BE THE LAST TRIP OF COM WANDER CHAS. COCHRANE
 FOR MAY RETIRE

SAN FRANCISCO, Apil 9, H1- Captain Charles Cochrane of the United States coast guard, will de- part for Seattle today to resume command of the Bering Sea patrol fleet.
 For years Captain Cochrane was in command of the cutter Bear, which was recently presented to Oakland, and he has announced his intention of retiring next fall. His associates say this may be the last voyage north for him. Captain Cochrane will sail from Seattle on April IT, on the cutter Chelan, for Unalaska which will be the summer headquarters.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
HARMON TROPHY AWARDED FAMOUS
 ALASKA AVIATOR
HIGH HONOR BESTOWED UPON PIONEER FLYING ACE OF
 ALASKA

WASHINGTON, D. C., April g, (P) Carl B. Eielson, Alaska air lace" and pilot on the Sir Hubert Will kins plane which flew across the North Pole from Point Barrow to Spitzbergen, received from Pres ident Herbert Hoover the Harmon Trophy which is awarded annually to the outstanding aviation feat of the year.
 The trophy was established three years ago by Clifford Harmon, now president of the International League of Aviators.
 The first trophy was presented to Shirley Short, of the airmail service, last year; the second to Col. Charles A. Lindbergh for his feat of flying across the Atlantic.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
SINCLAIR GOES
 ID JAIL THREE MONTHS, VERDICT
WEALTHY OIL MAN WILL HAVE 25 DAYS TO ASK FOR RE-
 HEARING OF CASE

WASHINGTON, D, C., April g, (P) Harry Sinclair, under the Su- preme Court decision, must serve three months in jail for contempt If the senate in refusing to answer all questions asked during the Tea Pot Dome Investigations.
 The opinion of the court was unanimous. The wealthy oil oper- ator will have g days in which to ask for a rehearing before a man date is issued but rehearings sell dom are granted.
 Tn addition to the jail sentence he was fined $500.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
AMERICAN MEMBERS
 COMMITTEE NAMED

WASHINGTON, D. q, April 9,(R) The personnel of the American delegation to the meeting of the preparement commission of the League of Nations on armament limitation, will consist of Ambassa- dor Hugh s. Gibson, Hugh R. Will son, minister to Switzerland; Major John N. Greedy and Rear Admiral Hilary P. Jones.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
DEFENDS ACTION
 MITCHELL AIDING
 BORROWERS M0NEY
STOCK MARKET PRICES ARE UP; ADVANCE IS MADE IN
 FACE OF CALL MONEY

WASHINGTON. April g, (P)- With Representative Hamilton Fish defending the action of Pres ident Mitchell of the National City bank in extending aid to borrow CTS following last Tuesdays crash in values on the stock exchange and with Senator Carter Glass. re- iterating his demand that Mir. Mitchell's resignation as director f the New York Federal Reserve bank be requested by the reserve board controversy over speculation activities on the exchange was re- opened on Capital Hill.
 Senator Fletcher of Florida, went so far as to suggest that stock gambling be stopped by a 100 percent tax on profit made from trading on margin. Federal reserve governments are expected Ito complete their conversations "Wednesday when an announce Iment may be expected.
 Stock market prices are up from lone to 10 points in active issues land advance was made in face of Ia 12 percent call money rate. Re- assuring statements by leading in ,dustrialists, lent operators for rise, new condolences. Gains in Radio, Montgomery Ward and United States Steel were from one to five points. Total sales 3,769,7O shares.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
"sNIpE SHOOTERS" BEWARE!

VIENNA, April 8, (P)-"Shooting snipes, particularly cigaret stubs, will hereafter subject beggars who to heavy fines and imprisonment. look to the gutters to their smoke Vienna III die a l authorities per- suaded the government to put the regulation into effect on sanitary grounds.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
HARD WORK FACES
 THE ADMINS TRAT|ON

WASHINGTON, April 8. (P)-At- taches at the White House have come to the conclusion that hard work is to be an outstanding char acteristic of the Hoover admins tration. They are seeing President Hoover settle quietly into a busy routine; from his desk have come in rapid succession announcements of significant new public policies and appointments to offices of high responsibility.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
PROTECT WHALES IS
 NOW CRY OF LEAGUE

GENEVA, April g, (P)-The pro- lection of whales is the new aim of the League of Nations economic committee and the league appoint ed delegation to meet in London on April Is to devise mea cures to insure preservation of certain spe- cies of whales. Tn general, the plan is to prevent rapid destruction of all species, it was stated.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
FORD hFTER GERMAN
 AUTOMOBILE CONCERN

BERLIN, April g, P-Henry Ford has opened negotiations with he Reichstein Brothers for the purchase of the big independent automobile concern of Brennabor, i3 is reported here. Ford, it is stated, has offered 90,OO0,00O
 marks for control of the second
 argest independent automobile concern in Germany.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
FOOTBALL, NOT HIGHBALL

GLASGOW, April 8, (P1--M 0 r e than 115,O00 persons saw Kilmar mock defeat the Glasgow Rangers by 2 to and win the Scottish foot ball association cup.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09

CHEFOO, China, April g., (P1- Troops of Lie Men, nationalist commander in this province, killed 400 soldiers of Marshal Chang, former war lord, in a battle taking place a Ninghaiechow, whic h Chang is besieging.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
DEVICE APPROVED
WASHINGTON, April 8, (P

WASHINGTON, April 8, (P)-USe of the artificial lung or oxygen bag for individual wear by crews of sunken submarines for escape to the surface has been approved by the navy board on submarine safe- ty devices.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09
LACK OF FUNDS

CHICAGO, April 9, P)-With city administration embarrassed by lack of funds and unable to collect taxes until autumn, local bankers are forcing Mayor Thomp- son and his lieutenants to curtall waste of municipal funds.
Seward daily gateway., 1929-04-09

EVANS DUE CORDOVA TONIGHT
 The latest report on the s. $. Ad- miral Evans, of the F. s. s. Co.,, is that it will arrive at Cordova at 8 o'clock tonight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20

refraining entirely from political activ-
ity of any sort. 1t was understood AM
bassador Morrow had been approached
for the views of the United States IN
the matter and that he said there was
no objection.
1t was indicated the only interest the
United States had in the matter would
be that Mexico observe with regard to
SANDING the same neutrality that the
United States does when Mexican rebels
enter its territory.
Gen. SANDING was said to have opened
negotiations with the Mexican govern
ment several days ago seeking a place
of exile here, saying he wished a long
rest" SANDING has multitude OF ad-
rnirers in Mexico and aroused consid-
cradle sympathy among many Mextcans
With his long warfare against the United
States Marines in his country.
In connection with reports of his
coming to Mexico City it was also
stated negotiations were under way
looking to formal renewal of relations
between Mexico and Nicaragua, broken
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
HEXICO TO GRANT
SANDING ASYLUM
Ticaraguan Rebel Chief to Arrive
Soon for Indefinite
Stay.

By the Associated Press
MEXICO CITY, April 2o.-Authori-
tative information to Excelsior from the
Mexican foreign Office yesterday said
Augustine SANDING, Nicaraguan insur-
rent chieftain, would be granted right
Of ASYLUM in this country and would
arrive shortly for an indefinite stay. A
formal foreign office pronouncement
was expected shortly. -
His stay will be contingent upon his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
Of the Legislature virtually makes the

Of the Legislature virtually makes the
bill law.
The legislators refused to specify
minimum sentence for minor violations
and included in the bill declaration
that at is the intent of the Legisla-
ture that the court in imposing SEN
tence under this act should discrimi-
nate between cael,al or slight violations
and l1abitual SAILS Of intoxicating liquor
or attempts to cop1mercialize violations
of the law"
Under the recent criminal code the
maximum sentence for all classes Of
violations is one year imprisonment or
a fine of $1,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
MINIMUM BOOTLEG
PENALTY is FIXED
Michigan Legislature Prescribes
Year and Fine Of
$4,000.

BY the Associated Press
LANSING, Mich, April 20.--A mini
mum sentence of one year imprison-
ment and $4,000 fine was prescribed for
bootleggers Thursday by the Michigan
Legislature. The maximum sentence
for q first offense would be four years
and the fine. 1t is said to be the most
severe liquor law In the United States.
Gov. Fred w. Green has indicated he
will sign the measure and the action
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20

nual Southern Trust Conference here.
Great strides have already been made
in trust departments in Southern bank
ing institutions. resources of which, he
/ said, amounted to ten billion dollars In
1927. or one-third of the total resources
of all the national banks in the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
Stamp Collectors to Meet.

LIE HAvRE, France R).-Stamp coll
lectors from all countries are expected
here May 1926 for an International
Philatelic Exposition marking the flf-
tieth anniversary OF organization Of the
business. Several foreign governments
will have official exhibits.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
Girls Clothes, Distinctively for Outdoors

Blue and White Jean Middes, $3.50 and $1.o5.
Blue and White Jean and Tan Popin Middle Skirts,
$1.50 and $2.95.
Serge. lean and Black Sateen Gym Bloomers, $1.o5
to $3.50.
Blue Jean Play Suits $3.50.
Robes of Flannel and Cotton in many colors, $1.es
to $1675.
Crepe and Broadcloth Pajamas. with long or knee
length trousers, $1.o5 and $2o5.
GIRLS FURNISHINGS, FOURTH FLOOR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20

Flannelette Paamas in and two piece styles, $3.50
to $2.o5.
Tweed Knockers, in gray and tan mixtures, $2.es
and 1895.
Silk and Wool Sports Hose, to wear with knickers
ST. to $3.50 pair.
Crossbar Muslin Athletic Combinations 85c and S115
Athletic Sweaters all wool, coat and slp-ons, $3.50
and $3.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20

Only sale, transportation or possess
sion for sale of liquor will be deemed
Commercial" violations Of the law and
subject to the minimum one-year SEN
tence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20

Moccasn Toe Oxfords, in and smoked elk or bare
foot sandals in tan and smoked elk.
Sizes to g. $3.50; 8H to II, 81; 111a to g. $3.50.
CHIDRENs SHOES, FOURTH FLOOR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
Rough Toys for Real Boys

Carriers, Csc.
Bathrobes, SIS.
Sweaters, SIS to $40.
Jerseys, $685. to $3.50.
Bathing Suits, $3.45.
Flannel Shirts, $3.50.
Khaki Shirts, $1.50.
Flannel Pajamas, $1.50 and 81.
Athletic Underwear, 75c to $3.50.
Golf Hose, Soc to 81.
Sun Hats, csc and $1.25.
Wash Hats, SIPS to $3.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-20
SEES NEED OF TRUSTS.
Federal Reserve Head Discuss
Industrial Progress in South.

ATLANTA, April 20 CP).-Accumula
ton of wealth in the South brought
about by tie change from an agricul-
tural to IN industrial section has
caused need for more and larger trust
departments in banks Of the section,
Eugene r. Black, governor of the Fed
eral Reserve Bank Of Atlanta, yesterday
told delegates attending the second an