davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
HEALTH IN HOT WEATHER.
Reading Errors Due to Psychology

that they did not clearly compre-
bend the nature Of the terms. Some
times the results we're ludicrous; in
other instances, even serious.
Printers occasionally make typo
graphical errors confusing such
words as bridge and bride, month
and mouth, person and prison, with
exec ingly peculiar results.
Or Of the experiments indicated
the Importance of varying the uses
of words in long articles, 1t was
found that when a certain word is
used over and over again in any
article this word at:ains "prepot-
ency" so that the other words of a
similar character are constantly
mistaken for the word frequently
used later in the article Obviously
this would result again and again in
ambiguous meaning.
Such detailed studies of human
physiology and psychology do much
to indicate the intricate character
of the human mind and body and
the Importance Of constant research
to aid the activities of man in his
daily life.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

text, the person who reads is likely
to introduce into his reading sub
stitute words which merely make
confusion or nonsense.
This is, of course, of the greatest
Importance to those who read ma
terial on scientific subjects or on
health. 1t is quite frequently neces-
sary to use a scientific word Of which
the meaning may not be generally
clear.
Most writer's on health for the
public attempt to include definitions
or substitute words which will aid
understanding. 1t is, of course, ad-
visable when understanding is not
had to look up the word in the dc
tionary and to make certain of its
meaning.
In a long experience Of converse
lions with the public on health sub
jects, the answering of letters from
the public requesting health ADVICE
and the discussion of scientific mat
tiers before public audiences, I have
heard innumerable peculiar uses OF
scientific words by people, who re-
vealed through such use the fact
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
>SZZZ- $3.50
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POsTOFFICE ORGANIZED

July rs
NNE HUNDRED FIFTY FOUR
" years ago, today, on July 20,
ITS, the Continental Congress
established a postoffice department
with Benjamin Franklin in charge
as postmaster general.
Franklin was AUTHORIZED to estab-
lish a line of posts from Falmouth,
Me, to Savannah, Ga, and as many
cross posts as might seem to him
necessary.
In 1892 rates of postage for let
tiers were fixed which remained
unaltered for nearly half century.
They we're: For thirty miles and
under, 6 cents; over 30 miles and not
exceeding go miles, 8 cents; over 60
and not exceeding 100 miles, 10
cents and so on up to $50 miles and
over, for which the charge was %
cents.
In 1845 the rates we're lowered
and a scale based on weight as well
as distance was adopted.
The element of distance as a
factor in fixing rates was abolished
in 1855. and a uniform rate Of 3
cents was established for letters not
exceeding one-half ounce in weight.
There was no house-to-house de-
livery service in the first postal
system in the United States. The
mail was sent from town to town
by horseback and the residents
called at the local postofice for all
their mail.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Questions and AnSzUerS

ity of soils and should be used at
the rate Of half a pound TO the
square yard TO sweeten freshly
plowed or dug soils that are too rich
on account Of heavy manuring. 1t
has the property of making clay
more open or friable, and con-
versely, of frn1ing q sandy soil. 1t
neutralizes the acids that are in
soils.
What solution may be used to
combat brown aphids that cluster on
the stems and leaves of the mas
turtium?
Spray with nicotine solution
What cities in America lead in the
production of assembled autorno-
biles?
Detroit and Flint, Mich; st. Louis,
Mo; Pontiac. Mich, and Toledo, o.,
in order named.
On what day of the week and
month in the Christian calendar
did the first day of the Jewish
Passover fan in 1906?
Tuesday, April 10.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

eral very useful purposes.
Water does not pass very easily through the cutice.
AS result it keeps the leaf from losing its moisture
when exposed to the hot
The cutcle also acts a protection against disease
germs for there plant diseases we'll animal
diseases and many bacteria specialize in attacking
plants.
Here and there, the epiderms is chara cterized by
a tiny opening or pore. This Is known the stoma,
from the Greek word for mouth The plural of the
word is stonata.
The stonata connect the air spaces inside the leaf
with the outer atmosphere They are very important.
for it through them that the carbon doxide Of the
atmosphere enters
Each stona is surrounded by two crescent shaped
green cells known the guard cells
The guard cells by contracting and expanding. open
and close the stomata, thus controlling the entrance
egress of air.
The stomata are exceedingly small. Most of them
are so small that it would take $500 Of them to make
hole as large as an ordinary pin hole.
They are present in large number however There
will be more than 500 900 Of them to the square inch
in the case of some leaves
DR.. Transeau writes that about one hundredth OF
the area of an ordinary leaf is occupied by stomata
They can not be seen. of course, without the aid
Of a powerful microscope
The interior Of the leaf. the mesophyll is composed
of soft thin walled cells.
We shall have more to say about these in the next
article.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Not Defying Congress

In seeking to establish peace based on something
besides fear, President Hoover and Premier MacDon-
aid must expect opposition 1t already is revealing It
self
The Washington Post, which habitually voices the
intaristic viewpoint indicates one form this oppoSl-
ton viii take There is certain to be widespread pro-
test against suspension of the cruiser building program
without authority of congress and in defiance OF
cruiser legislation" says the Post, editorially.
As matter OF fact there is defiance OF congress
in the action Of the President Under the cruiser bill
passed last winter has until July l. 1880, to start
construction work the three cruisers in question
IS true that under this BILL he could have had
the kees laid this fall is that under normal
conditions this would have been done But he was
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
HnaVY Hand

THE old south may have been
L lazy and dawdling, but there's
a different spirit now. Efficiency
has come in. The company main
tains a room where mothers may
leave their nursing children while
they are at the mill.
And it is conveniently close so
that when it becomes necessary for
a woman to dart down the street
hastily to feed her child, she is
docked only a little on account OF
this absence.
And when they found that an old
man who had been in the mill for
twenty-nine years was no longer
competent, they gave him half an
hours notice before his discharge
became effective.
The union wants recognition, an
elght-hour day and a minimum
wage of $40 1t also insists that
Negroes in the mill shall receive
equal pay and work under similar
conditions.
copyright, 1929. for The Tines
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

You can get an answer 10. any answer
aole question of tact OF Informatlon oy
Writlne to Frederick 81 KeroY Qusst!or
Editor The indianapolis Times WASH
;ngton suEea4 1872 seE 9o5k cs aVnf Is
Stsmnt for reply Medical and lega
esndeo research De made All other
questions will receive personal IeplS
Unsigned requests car not os a1SweIeu
coroialiv invited 70 make use Of this
service
What Is copra?
The dried kernel Of the cocoanut,
broken I'D. 1t comes from islands
in the South Pacific and IS used 70
manufacture cocoanut oil and stea-
rim.
How many Presidents Of the
United States have been bachelors?
President Buchanan is the only
one.
What do tbs names Bertha and
Florence mean?
Bertha means bright and Flor
ence vernal beauty.
Is lime good for gardens? WHAT
quantity should be used?
It is valuable to reduce the acid
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

Editor Journal Of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia. the
Health Magazine.
DEOPLE sometimes make pecu-
Il liar errors in reading. In fact,
the confusion of a letter or two in
a word sometimes has far-reaching
results hardly to be estimated by
the printer who makes typograph-
ical error or by the proofreader who
overlooks it, or by the newspaper
reader who confuses the material
after it is correctly set.
Realizing the Importance Of err
rors in reading, the British Medical
Research Council has made series
of studies on the physiology of vision
and on the psychology of reading,
The committee found, for instance,
that much depends on the ability Of
the person who reads to comprehend
the material that he is reading.
When the meaning of the ma
terial read is conprehended fully,
errors in reading are negligible;
when the meaning is not understood,
when there is not a continuous con-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Dry Staying Trials

TWO dry agents have been
l. charged with killing two farm
ers in Oklahoma, but that is about
as far as justice seems able to get.
1t is the same old scrap with re-
gard to jurisdiction.
The federal court claims the right
to try them on the ground that
they are employees of Uncle Sam.
The state court claims such right
on the ground that murder is state
offense.
Cases of this character are be-
coming quite common. They sug-
gest that there is some sense in Mr..
understands idea of dividing and
defining authority with regard to
prohibition enforcement.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

back Of a mothers word, and, OF
course, the family is in desperate
need of the money.
I wondered if Gastonia had sui
fered the irony of having some ora
tor come round on independence day
and tell the small, stoop-shouldered
ones that this is the land of equal
opportunity. But the company was
too kind to permit any such gross
affront to decency and protected its
workers by arranging that they
should come to the mill at 6 a. m
as usual and go the whole twelve
hours run just as if there never
had been any dedication to the pur-
suit of happiness.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
REASON
DaUeS WIZ Regret to Hear
of the Death of His Nurse;
Wen Bet He Was q Hard
Baby to Handle!
BY Frederick Lands

IT'S great to hear that Canada
L may stop the flow Of booze into
this country for it's not only prohi-
bition; it threatens the friendship
of the only good national neighborS
in the world.
Trouble between them would be
the blow that killed father, so far
as hope OF world peace is concerned
but with booze out OF it they can
sign up for another century OF peace
without one fort, one ship, or ons
soldier along the boundary line.
| President Hoover thanks Thomas
A. Edison for inventing the electric
lamp. which removed an untold
burden"
It also removed the old coal oil
lamp which always smoked.
This is a long way from the scene
of action, but if the Russians and
the Chinese go to war, we have a
feeling that the laundrymen Will
clean the BolshevlkS.
Wild ostriches in South Africa
are eating diamonds to aid their
digestion. If we we're a diamond.
we believe we would rather be in
the gizzard Of an ostrich than on a
Gamblers WiSh-bOne.
n u
A AMBASSADOR DAWES will re-
N greet to learn of the death of
Mrs. Martha Kohlmann Of Marietta.
O., who nursed him when he was
a baby.
And we'll bet he was hard to
handle.
Miss Lillian Poll of Connecticut
just had married an Italian mar
quis, but the trouble with such a
match is that no matter how much
our girls pay for titled foreigner
they never get the control.
Il
This strike of Mexican saloons as
a protest against increased tax car
rieS one back to the days when the
American saloons fought all added
/ taxes and restrictions, which was a
large reason why the country went
/ dry
Il
The death of Forepaugh, the cir
Gus man, down east will remind
many q fellow, now sliding down
the COS Of the first time that he
carried water for the elephant.
DR. SHOOK, who confessed that
~ he killed the COluiuOu -
coed, will plead self defense, which
is a tip to the boa constructor, should
he be apprehended for swallowing
a calf
t II
The fight of Captain Ross Hoyt
from Washington to ALASKA LAJy, De
very notifying to the sni~-- Of
those statesmen who opposed Sew
ards purchase of that land, claim
ing that 1t was so far away no
American would ever visit it,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
T 90 Tired

IN other words, a worker in Gas
1 tonia has not Of each twenty-four
hours not more than sixty minutes
which he may use for recreation,
self-improvement and general high
jinks.
And before anybody asks why
these downtrodden ones don't move
away, let him remember that the
mills get them young and the
twelve-hour day does much to sap
energy and initiative when a child
is 10 or H.
Officially the mill will not con-
sent to let the little workers in quite
so young, but if parents say a boy
is 70, then II he is. You can't &C
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
TeLlS Sad Story

U HAVE not seen with my own eyes
1 the women and the children
coming from the shacks at 6 o'clock
to give the whole sweep Of the sun
to making America the most pros
porous of all the nations. sat and
listened to Mrs. Bertha Crawford
tell of the things which go on III
those backwaters to which benefl-
cent government has not yet
brought the full dinner pail.
A tall, gaunt mountain woman,
she spoke with slow elaboration
and little dancing flames of truth
seemed to perch upon her phrases.
1t. has been said that this dis
pute was fomented by agitatorS
schooled in Russia, but at the very
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

CPEAKING Of New Mexico and
- the surrounding region, we
haven't quite made the desert safe
for humanity.
The bodies of a man, a mother
and six children have just been
found near Blythe, Cal, where they
persisted from thirst and hunger.
For some reason, their automobile
stalled. After drinking all the
water in the radiator, they set forth
to find a fresh supply.
The un-scorched waste claimed
them with no more ado than it once
claimed the traveller by covered
wagon.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

dilU III UIlC IllOSO
part are colorless.
The walls of the
cells which are on
the side exposed
to the air are
thicker than the
other walls. This
thickeniag is due
to an aCcumula-
ton Of q wax like
material C allie d
cutin. which forms
a layer over the
surface Of the
leaf.
This layer is
known technically
as the cuticle. This
cuticle serves sew
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Failure of the Law

ID UNI runners are not the only
IN offenders the law fails to
catch.
New York still is waiting to learn
who killed Rothstein and Marlowe.
Even when it catches them, the
law frequently is puzzled over the
question of what to do with the
offenders.
Comes Sam Watson of Spokane,
Wash, confessing that he killed a
man at Folsom. N. M, thirty-six
years ago.
The sheriff at Folsom telegraphs
that he has no money with which
to pay Watson's travelling expenses,
but that if the latter wants to
come back, his case will be given
consideration.
Watson says he hasn't any money
either, and, I'll be hanged if I'll
walk"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Rum Smuggling Goes On

A CCORDING to reports from
IA Ontario, the biggest liquor eX-
porter at Bridgeport has sold out his
business to a Detroit river rum
runner.
The traffic is flouriShing, say these
reports, with every description of
launch, speed boat, sea sled and
even skiff in commission, while the
coast guard patrol seems quite
helpless.
If Uncle Sans dry machine did
not have to keep an eye on local
speakeasies, spy on local police and
assist the constable at every cross
roads, or fork Of the creek, it could
at least concentrate on the border
trade.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Berger Beer

GONE time ago Howe extolled the
~ quality of Berger beer in his
column, The TactlesS Texan"
Then he went to Berger on a
goodwill trip sponsored by the
Amarillo Chamber of Commerce,
which suggests that the heading Of
his column is truthful to a fault.
He was arrested on arrival and
brought into court, where the mo
release without beer" sentence was
pronounced.
What most people would like to
know is whether, deep down in his
heart, that Berger judge wants to
see Howe fail, or succeed.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

Ideals and opinions expressed
in this column are those of
one of Americas most inter
esting writer's, and are pre-
sented without regard to their
agreement or disagreement
with the editorial attitude OF
this paper.-The Editor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
- David Dietz on Science -
Leaf Has CMtiCIe
No. AIS.

EFT us continue with our examination of the struc-
IL ture Of leaf AS we have seen, the leaf consists
of five kinds of tissues, the outer skin epderns,
the green interior rnesophyn, and the three kinds
of veins These tissues, like all other tissues in both
the plant and animal world, are made up Of cells.
The cells which compose the epdermis are fiat.
They irregular in shape packed closely together
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

ENE HOWE must find three
" dozen bottles Of good beer in
Berger. Tex, or suffer the conse-
quences."
He has been so informed by the
local court.
If he can't, he ought to suffer
the consequences" but let that pass.
Parenthetically, Gene Howe is the
editor and author who has done so
much to put Amarillo, Tex, on the
map.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Daily Thong hi

The foolish shall not stand In
thy sight; thou hates all workers
of iniquity.-Psalms As.
A FTER a man has sovn his wild
IA oats in the years Of his youth,
he has still every year to get over
a few weeks and days Of folly
Richter.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Slender Life Thread

TN spite of all our civilized ways
= and devices, life remains the
same slender thread.
We build an engine, and it either
fails, or brushes us; we ban liquor,
only to die by wood alcohol, or in a
brawl; We wage a. successful drive
against tuberculosis only to find
cancer gaining.
In most cases it is our own puny
brains that fail to click.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
The UnIoaded Pistol

he UnIOad6d Pistol
wow many times have you heard
i I Of some one being killed by a
Gun that wasn't loaded?
Well, here it is again, and with
a life-savinc expert in the title role.
Captain William Kleb. field rep
resentative of the Red Cross, was
showing police officers of Allentown.
Pa, how to get away from man
holding a pistol to ones back.
Kleb told a patrolman to take a
r'stol. hold it to his back and pull
the trigger as he demonstrated the
proper naneuver.
Every one supposed the pistol was
empty. but it wasn't, and Kleb is
reported as dying.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

The population of the United States is increasing
at the rate of more than 100000 year. Wonder if
that figure has been revised since Philadelphia ar
rested Al Capone?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
The Bremen's Achievement

The feat of the North German Lloyds new liner
Bremen in establishing record for trans Atlantic
saings is than creditable exhibition of en-
gineering skill and seamanShip 1t is evidence Of Ger
manys desire to resume her place on the seas which
she lost a result of the World 1t is evidence
also that the young republic is recovering from the
wars decentralization, that she retains her old nven-
tive genius and skill and has the initiative to apply
them.
The Bremen which lowered the record Of the Brit
sh Mauritania by nearly half day, is said to ebody
many innovations in shipbuilding She is beautiful,
comfortable and fast.
1t is likely that struggle for the North At
antic traffic is in the making among England France,
Italy and the United States Already it is reported
that British line is prepared to construct vessel
that will outstrip the Bremen. French and Italian
lines similarly preparing to build. And the new
owners of the United States lines will build two giant
ships designed to surpass all others.
The pride of the German nation in the Bremen's
achievement is easily understood and we'll warranted.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
Is there a black diamond9

The bort or carbonate, which is
unsuitable for gems, but is extern
lively used on the cutting edge OF
drills for tunneling and prospect
ing, is commonly called black dia-
mond.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

France is trying to cut down American movies.
We could cut down little ourselves and not be too
restrictive
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

Isn't it about time we'd be hearing OF a woman
with twelve greatgrandchildren staying up in plan
800 hours?
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

Golf is like marriage; 1t looks easy.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
NJ. E. Tracy
SAYS:

In Spite Of Our Civilized
Ways, Life Still Remains
the Same Slender Thread.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

This is a long way from the scene
of action, but if the Russians and
the Chinese go to war, we have
feeling that the laundrymen Will
clean the BolSheviks.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

President Hoover thanks Thomas
A. Edison for inventing the electric
lamp, which removed an untold
burden"
It also removed the old coal Oil
lamp which always smoked.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26

Wild ostriches in South Africa
are eating diamonds to aid their
digestion. If we we're a diamond.
we believe we would rather be in
the gizzard of an ostrich than on a
gamblers WiSh-b bone.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-07-26
BY DIR. MORRIS FIsHBEIN

Editor Journal of the American Medical
Association and of Hygeia, the
JeaIfb MaPazine