davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1929-07-02

limitation Of al kinds Of auxiliary naval
craft. The British. for example, have
taken the position that because Of their
widespread empire they must have .
certain cruiser strength. The Americans
have believed the tonnage proposed by
the British for cruiser strength has
been too great. The British have held
that the United States may not require
the cruiser strength needed by Great
Britain, but point out that this does
not affect their own exigencies.
The hope has been strong in this
country that not only would it be pos
sible to limit naval ornaments, but also
to reduce them. Here, too, there has
been some disagreement between the
two great naval powers. The new British
government, under Premier Ramsay
Macdonald, has given strong intima-
tions that 1t would be willing to reach
some agreement looking to limited OF
reduced naval strength. And unless
some kind Of agreement is reached, the
naval-building programs are likely to
continue large and to grow even larger.
The sound argument is advanced that
relative naval strength between nations
with different problems of defense cam
not be measured in naval tonnage and
guns; that the problems Of Great
Britain, with widely separated parts OF
the empire and possessions, are very
different from those Of the compact
United States. The difficulty is to find
q measure, o yardstick to set up true
naval parity between the two coun-
tries, for parity Of strength does not
necessarily imply parity of numbers and
size Of ships and guns. A given feet
has given strength factor upon a
given mission. On a different mission
that factor becomes either greater or
less.
The setting up Of fair measure for
naval strength is the fundamental Diff
ficulty with which any furture confer
erce on naval limitations will be faced.
Here IN America war with Great
Britain is looked upon as q mere
visionary proposition. It Is all the
more difficult. therefore, for Amer
leans to understand any opposi-
ton to the question of naval parity
between the two countries. Nor is
there any reason TO believe that any
opposition viii survive the establish
nnent Of sane and practical definition
Of what In fact. constitutes naval
parity.
Evening star., 1929-07-02
End of Church and State War
Is. Long Step Ahead for Mexico

the Treasury and defers the attainment
of that stability which will enable Mex
leo to hquidate large foreign ohliga-
TONS" M
I The Houston Chronicle says 4ti1z peo-
pie of Mexico are tired or revolutionary
strife" and offers the estimate Of pres
ent conditions. "The people have q
right to feel overjoyed at the prospects
OF o revived spiritual influence making
/ Its effect felt In the country. The
churches have been closed, the clergy
scattered, many exiled to the United
States. They may now return to as
sumo the sacred duties" The Tulsa
World believes that what the outside
world Is most concerned with is, that
oppression, absolutism and summary
execution be abandoned and rational
government by law substituted. The
recent accord makes these things prob
able"
The settlement Of the question Of re-
igious instruction seems to the Utica
Observer Dispatch Ito have beer the
chief point over which contention
arose, s" and that paper concludes, asThat
1t has been slnooti1ed out and set aside
as q matter for division and strife is
something over which there may be
general rejoicing"
1.-THE chief wonder" the Altoona
Mirror concludes, els that so many
other nations are still vexed by the
problems which are quite sure to arise
out Of union of church and state
Our inspiring example should be worth
much. to them"
Evening star., 1929-07-02
Naval Parity.

In the Washington treaty limiting
naval ornaments, negotiated In 1922
the principle of naval parity between
the United States and Great Britain
vas laid down 30 far as capital ships
were concerned. In the formal state
ments Of the representatives Of Great
Britain, made at the conference, the
principle Of naval parity for the two
countries was agreed to. however, for
the entire naval strength Of the United
States and Great Britain. Secretary
6timson of the State Department has
made It clear in q statement to the
press that there is no purpose ol
thought on the part Of the present ad.
xninistration to waive this principle oi
parity In any future conference foi
the limitation Of ornaments. II Is vel
that this should be understood. Fol
. Is extremely doubtful that treat,
for naval limitation which did not rec.
csnize that principle would ever b.
ratified by the Senate Of the United
states.
Yet the question OF naval parity
% readily agreed TO by the British rep
Sesentatiyes at the Washington con-
ference has undoubtedly been . stum-
bling block in more recent years to an
agreement between the nations sor
Evening star., 1929-07-02

| the speaker or the general truth; often
1t Is difiicult to tell which.
| = y \
Disbudding is simply form Of pr,in-
ing for larger and better flowers. Let
us admit at the start that not every
one wants fewer and bigger flowers.
There Is much to be said for an abun-
dance Of bloom, even II the individual
flowers are small.
! Let us picture o plant as o living or
ganism which Is determined to bloom.
It has kind Of mind Of its own, in
other words. Its mind" Is not like our
mind, nor has 1t . special organ Of in
telligence. Rather. IL may be said to be
Intelligent all over, In the dumb way
OF plants.
It may or may not be accurate to
say that q plant has an instinct to
! flower, but certainly there is something
In It's very constitution which keeps It
| going forward to its objective.
| This something Is not just o me-
chanical force, but Is rather better de-
scribed in the "will-to-power" Of the
German philosopher; or, better. 1t Is
will-to-live or will-to-nower.
determined it seems to. put forth some
sort Of flower. A dull fury seems to
seize the plant Flower 1t must, flower
| 1t will. no matter IL the heavens fall.
1t is almost as If every plant has In
| Its minds eye" a picture of the num-
ber Of flowers 1t had determined to put
into being. II it is left alone. It will
produce that amount or number Of
blooms.
If it is hampered in its set program
which comes down to It from powers
1t will do the best 1t can. It will give
fewer flowers, but larger ones.
Certainly, on the side Of those who
favor many and smaller flowers Is the
ease Of procedure. One simply does
nothing. Now what could be easier
than that?
Often smaller flowers" does not
mean small flowers at all, but only
small in comparison with what might
have been realized by relentless
pruning.
If one is growing blooms for entrance
In a garden show, or for public sale
the larger they are the better, under
ordinary conditions.
Average home rules make no such
demands. The roses which NAV be
grown on q slightly pruned Red Radi-
ance bush are almost equal In size and
quality to those secured from a much
pruned bush.
In the generality Of cases pruning in
| the home garden Is best done for the
sake of symmetry Of growth. Un-
pruned bushes. such as the rose, tend to
become "leggy" If not cut back Sc
verely.
This curious term Is an apt one, es-
| pecially after an unpruned bush gets
to be 5 or s years old. Then 1t will be
found to be growing It's foliage several
feet In the air, the whole reposing on a
few main stems which, are bare sew
eral feet from the ground.
Compared with neatly symmetrical
bush, such plant is ugly, and rose
bush is not very pretty at the best.
| Picking the blossoms Of sweet peas.
nasturtiums and other bright garden
ANIMALS is just another form Of prun-
| ing. The more you cut the more you
get. Each vine seems to have In its
system a certain amount Of Towering
or means Of perpetuating itself.
Cut the blossoms. the plant will
| hurry up to make more flowers, fairly
bursting itself In . fine vegetable
| frenzy.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

| The answers to questions printed here
each day are specimens picked from the
mass of inquiries handled by our great
information bureau maintained IN
ice Is for the free use OF the public.
| Ask any question OF fact you may want
| TO know and you will get an immedi-
ate reply. Write plainly, inclose 2 cents
| in coin or stamps for return postage
and address The Evening Star 1nfor-
nation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, di-
rector, Washington. D. G.
@. What kind Of brakes do airplanes
! have?-J. @.
A. The new airplanes have brakes
like automobiles. Those which land on
| airplane carriers are equipped with
special devices which catch in the bands
Of wire attached to the deck Of the air.
plane carrier.
@. Before sugar was made, what was
used as q sweetening agent?-H. 8. ;.
| A. Sugar is q comparatively recent
| addition to the household store. Until
100 years ago It was q luxury, and was
not available commercially to any one
until the fourteenth century. Honey
was its predecessor as sweetening
agent, while maple sugar was known to
the Indians in some parts OF North
America.
@. What Is the principal chemical
element in pearls?--Z. G.
| A. The principal chemical elements
| In pearls are calcium and carbon In the
form of calcium carbonate.
@. Was Art Accord ever real cow
| boy?-W. H.
A. Born in saltwater, Okla, In 1890,
| his early career was spent as cowboy
| and ranchman He has Travelled with
| the Dick Stanley Wild West Show and
with the Buffalo Bill Show. He Is also
said to have won o championship In
broncho riding.
Q. What is the present duty on pea
| nuts?-B. z. N.
A. The duty on peanuts now is 41a
| cents per pound unshelled and cents
| per pound shelled.
@. How can we know that stars are
| still in existence when 1t takes so many
years for their light to reach us?-H. r.
A. The Naval Observatory says that
we do not know positively that any star
| which we see Is now actually in ex-
| istence: but the continued existence of
the stars generally may be assumed
| since no cause Is known why they
should cease to exist.
@. Who was the first Knight Templar
elected President?-B. A. N.
A. james A. Garfield.
@. How. great an effort was expended
| in transporting Michelangelos David"
to the Piazza della Signoria?-A. D.
| A. The statue was executed near the
Cathedral Square, Florence. To move
| it, approximately 40 men were employ
ed for four days in dragging the huge
figure to the piazza.
@. When was the American Russian
Chamber Of Commerce organized
w. N.
A. The American Russian Chamber
of Commerce was organized in 1915 and
reorganized June II, 1926. It's head
quarters are at las West Fifty-seventh
street, New York City, and 1t maintains
trade bureau in Moscow.
Q. Is the ocean ever without waves?
Il. N. @.
A. The ocean is never perfectly
Evening star., 1929-07-02
care Of ones self and thinking for

care Of ones self and thinking for
ones self.
The quota this year for the Citizens
Military Training Camps throughout the
nine corps areas was set at 50,2T0. But
there were already more than 1000
applications when the count was last
taken on the 20th Of June. AS the appro-
priations provided by Congress will
only care for $500 trainees in the
camps, the applicants and the quotas
are both being scaled down and weeded
out rs the camps are opened. Physical
examinations viii cut down the list, and
some of the others. who signed ND as
long ago as last March for this Sum-
mer's course. viii find themselves unable
to go to camp. But the roll of students
this Summer is larger than Il has ever
been before. The Citizens Military
Training Camps have established them
selves as . Summer institution. There
is no great effort needed now to I'LL
them. The only question is the extent
that Congress will 90 in future to
take care Of all those who apply.
The Citizens Military Training Camps
were established on o regular and ma
tion-wide basis back in 1921. The quota
for that year was 10000. The War
Department found some diniculty in
selling the idea sufficiently to I'LL the
quotas. But after the first few years
the business Of getting applicants attend
ed to itself. The number of applicants
exceeded the Governments ability to
take care Of them. Now the demand
has far exceeded the supply of money
available and each successive year will
probably witness q continued growth in
the movement.
Since 1921 the program of the train
ing camps has been considerably al
tered. The age limit has been lowered
for applicants for the first, or basic,
course and youths from II to "A are en-
tered. Graduates from the first course
are eligible TO the second. or "red"
course, and in time take the white"
and blue" courses, with the maximum
age limit for applicants in the latter set
at 81. The camps are still maintained
as military camps. There are drills and
parades and maneuvers. But as much
time is spent in supervised recreation
and expert training In athletics as I'm
drills. And In the last few years en-
phasis has been placed on training for
citizenship. Regular courses in citizen
ship and the functions Of government
are given.
The growth in numbers and popular
ity Of the Citizens Military Training
Camps speaks eloouently of the move
ment's success. Thousands Of young
men every Summer are becoming better
men and better citizens. The country
has found fine way to prepare itself
mot for war, but for the more hazard
Gus problems Of peace.
Evening star., 1929-07-02
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS


smooth. Waves are always encountered.
or at least ground swell. There are
certain portions Of the coast where
rough water occurs more frequently
foundland. the coast Of Northern New
England and Cape Hatteras. Cape
Henry, of the coast Of Virginia, IL also
known to have waves Of considerable
height.
@. What does the word 'khaki'
| mean?--L. T.
A. The word 'ekhski" Is Hindustsni
meaning dust. earth or ashes. It Is
applied to dust or clay-colored fabrics
and to particular cotton material OF
such color.
C. g: ID, Does the pulse get slower with In
A. The pulse gradually slows down
through life. A newborn infant has q
pulse Of $50 to 140 beats per minute.
An adults pulse ranges from 20 to rs
under conditions of normal health,
while in old age the rate Is from so
to IS.
q. Should the Egyptians or Phoeni-
clans be given credit for frst sailing
! the seas?-H. r.
| A. While ancient Egypt knew ships
which would SAL upon the Nile, credit
Is usually given the Phoenicians for the
building OF the first galleys which could
stand sea travel. AS early as 900 BIC.
the Phoenician war galley had reached
the trireme stage and had decks, r,aasts,
yards, stays, sails, etc.
q. What is Chauvinism?-P.
A. Chauvinism derives its name from
Nicolas Chauvin, soldier in the army
OF Napoleon, who was ridiculed by his
comrades for his demonstrative and ur-
reasoning patriotism. The term has
ing unreasoning patriotism or an ex-
cessive enthusiasm for national ascend
ancy.
Q. Where is Fingals Cave--c. q.
| A. Fingals Cave is situated on the
Islet OF Staffa, one Of the inner Heb
rides, OF the coast of Scotland. It Is
not a particularly large cave, but is
noted for the beauty of It's natural ar
chitecture and attracts many tourists.
Q. Are many cattle, hogs and sheep
shipped to market by motor truck
S. T. T.
A During 1898 more than i2,eoo, 900
cattle, calves, hogs and sheep were
shipped by motor truck to II leading
American markets.
Y. Where B the graveyard OF the
iceberg" "?-H. r.
A. After the icebergs get out Of the
Labrador Current disintegration goes on
naturally and more and more rapidly
until the bergs finally disappear about
400 miles south Of Nova Scotia. This
region is called the graveyard Of the
iceberg"
q. In what State Is the Great Stone
Face?-R. B.
A. It is In New Hampshire. The Old
Man Of the Mountain gazes across
Franconia Notch, high above Profile
Lake, In the White Mountains.
@. Is par" always iO0?--R. n
A.. It is not. Par is most often zoo,
but there are many stocks whose par
values are other figures. .p
@. Is the sting of scorpion usually
fatal2-C, 8. G.
A. The sting Of . scorpion b pain
| full, but rarely fatal.
Evening star., 1929-07-02
The Bugles Are Blowing.

From one end of the Nation to the
other the bugles are calling the young
men into camp these days. BY the
thousands they are lining up. from
Maine to California, getting the feel
Of khaki uniform and learning the
weight Of Springfield. preparing to
put in a months training In the life
Of soldier ct Uncle Sans expense.
Some Of them are hardened veterans Of
other Summers who can talk like q
trooper when the beans are cold or the
coffee is thin. Some Of them are callow
youths Of seventeen. with the down on,
their chins and thoughts Of mother in
the dark. But when September rolls
around, some $1,000 Of them will quit
camp. their muscles hard, their cheeks
lean and tanned, their eyes clear and
their minds disciplined through prac-
tical experience in the art Of taking
Evening star., 1929-07-02
Dry Law Enforcement
Change Held Good Move

vrom the Ann Arbor Daily News.
In the renewed effort by the National
Government to make the prohibition
law more enforceable the transfer Of
authority from the Treasury TO the
Justice Department appeared inevitable.
For that reason President Hoover's rec
onfmendation, could have occasioned
little surprise.
The Treasury has handled prohibition
matters for long time and has made
more or less Of q mess of them. It
was no place for the enforcement re-
sponsibility to be lodged at the be-
ginning of the so-cailed drought, but
the exigencies of war resulted in some
rather queer domestic expedients, and
they were to be excused under the cir
cumstanceS. When the war was out Of
the way, however, the transfer that is
now proposed by the President ought
to have been made. &
II there Is to be real enforcement of
prohibition, the Justice Department
should have the responsibility. To
handle matters Of law and law viola
tions the department was provided in
the Constitution: and though prollibi-
tion probably Is something that the
forefathers never foresaw. it Is not
such novelty that 1t needs to be
isolated from other laws and therefore
placed In the hands Of officials whose
principal concern Is matters Of national
finance.
Perhaps the Department of Justice
likewise will make more or less Of
mess of enforcement. Still, 1t may be
expected that there viii be tightening
up process under the new regime. At
least, the relation of prohibition to
problems of law enforcement in general
will be recognized. and 1t would seem
of effort. The change Is logical and
IL serves as another evidence OF the new
Presidents sincere desire to increase
respect for law. He had promised 10
do his share at the enforcement end
Of the problem, while asking the citi-
zens In general to bolster the Law by
more general observance, and by his
Thursday recommendation to Congress
he has set the pace that may be ex-
pected to take us somewhere or other.
It is to be hoped that the proposed
transfer win not meet opposition In
Congress, because q desire for greater
efficiency In handling an important
question Is the motive of the UNDER
taking. BY all means. the proposal
should be kept out OF politics. If IL Is
possible to keep anything out Of politics
President Hoover and many citizens
want q new deal for prohibition, and 4
new deck seems highly desiraslss
T. v, y Il
Evening star., 1929-07-02
The Japanese Cabinet Crisis.

The fall of the Tanaka cabinet at
Toxic denotes more than the mere
transfer Of power from one political
party to another. Nor has the Sei-yu-
Kai (Conseryatiye) government been
dethroned In favor of q Minseito Lib-
eraD regime purely because Premier
Tanaka declined to permit the Mikados s
army to be held morally responsible for
the railway accident" whereby Chang
Tso-lin, the late war lord of Man
churia, was bombed to death q year
ago.
Undoubtedly Japan has snapped cab
inets mainly In connection with the
island empires relations with China.
Ever since Baron Tanaka took ONCE In
April, 1927, following the national iinan-
cial crisis, the Toxic government has
maintained q vigorous policy toward
turbulent China. After the affair In
Shantung, which caused some loss of
Japanese life at the hands Of National-
ist soldiery then looting its way ruth
lessly to Peking, Japan poured q large
force Of troops into the province which,
prior to the Washington Conference,
she seemed determined to occupy in
perpetuity. A considerable portion of
that garrison is still in Shantung,
guarding japanese interests.
Then came Nationalist China, vic.
torious everywhere else, with Its demand
for unrestricted sovereignty over Man
churia. Rightly or wrongly, the Chi
nese discerned the hand Of Japan in
the dificulties which were thrown
athwart their path In their great north
ern province. These have, to a consid-
erable extent, eyaporated. but Japanese
longing. and maneuvers In Manchuria
remain indelibly suspect everywhere
south Of the Great Wall.
Throughout this troublous period the
Tanaka government has been under In
cessant fire at home. Its strong" Jap
anese policy has been attacked by the
Minseito opposition as definitely in
imical to the empires best interests In
China and to Its general international
prestige. 1t has had no severer critic
than q statesman well known and ia
vorably remembered in Washington.
Baron Shidehara, who was Japanese
Ambassador to the United States follow
ing the World War. Baron shidehara
is likely to be minister Of foreign affairs
in the cabinet which Emperor Hirohito
has asked Mr.. Hamagachi, the Minseito
leader, to form.
To yet another cause the Tanaka
ministry owes its collapse. 1t adopted
a somewhat unyielding attitude toward
the Kellogg treaty. which Japan was
the last to ratify by action less than a
week old. With a cabinet materially
more pacific minded than the Sei-yu-
Kai group, Japan's whole international
orientation is destined to undergo nodi-
fication. Greater tranquility in the Far
East should be the immediate result of
the Hamagachi-Shidehara governments
accession, 10 be accompanied by q genu-
Inc cooperation with Great Britain and
the United States in the field of naval
limitation.
All in all, this change of political
rilership In Nippon, detached as 1t looks
from relationship TO the outside world,
is In fact an omen Of real import for
international peace.
Evening star., 1929-07-02
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHLANpER JOHNSON.

Glimpsing the Procession.
Saw the elephant 50 grand;
Saw the donkey gay.
Saw the tiger grinnin'-and
Kept travelin' on my way.
There was good music by the band
That made fine display.
paused to listen to it-and
Kept travelin' on my way.
This life will all be for the best,
And prosper, come what may.
II, mid excitement, you will Jest
Keep travelin' on your way.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

has lived his childhood at least In the
finer revelation than he himself could
command, but o revelation which point
by point he accepts in gladness as the
glanorous "reminiscences of his own
youth In the great American Main
Street.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

Some of the airplane crashes might
be prevented II arrangements could be
made to have trafhc ofiicers policing
the sky.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

washington, d. c., policemen claim
especial respect for the calm they
manage to preserve, despite the op-
pressive uniforms they are compelled
TO wear In hot weather.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

There are 20 many mergers under
way that the old-time statesman who
used to shout, Down with the trusts I"
Is, frankly, just a little confused.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

A wise economist curtails his ex-
penditures for amateur pyrotechnics
and pays the money out for plain IRE
insurance.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

Trade must go on. A nation with
something to sell or the ability to buy
Is sure to command serious considera-
ton. even in the face Of such historic
experiences as Russia has recently had.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

Patriotism Is lofty ideal to be cher
ished by every custom. Yet, Fourth of
July fireworks sometimes seem little
other than q bad habit.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

1t Is hard to say where the slories Of
heroism will alight. Bobby Jones is q
hero now because he plays golf better
than anybody else.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

Gayety In might club" may be q
little restrained by the thought that old
pals may be waiting outside with
sawed-off shotguns.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

Though the pipe affected by Am
bassador Dawes looks q trine freakish,
no one doubts that in It's essential sig
nificance 1t Is q pipe Of peace.
Evening star., 1929-07-02

When Lindbergh now says I'VE" he
enlarges the plural to include his wife
as well as the airplane.