davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09

year alone 5000 female workers Sc
cured higher classification. In re-
cent years thousands of girls have
gone through the vocational schools
and courses. The feminine enroll
ment now constitutes "a per cent of
all the students in the factory
schools.
About 100000 working and peas
ant women, including housewives
are connected with the cooperative
movement.
Cultural Growth.
The reports Of the twenty thou
sand women worker and peasant cor
respondents also bear witnesSt o the
great cultural and political growth
achieved by the female population
This progress is also confirmed by
the increase Of working and peasant
women's newspapers, which now
have combined circulation Of 700,-
600.
The increase Of female member
ship in the Communist Party like
wise points to considerable expan-
sion in the cultural and political &C.
tivity of the mass of working wom-
en-. During the past six years the
female percentage Of the total en-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09

MEXICO CITY, Mex, (By Mail)
The conference for the formation
of new, united confederation of
trade unions on class lines for the
workers of Mexico has started. 1t
meets in an interesting political
situation which involves the attitude
toward labor of various conflicting
groups and organizations.
The political lines which fell into
confusion with the assassination of
President-elect Alvaro Oregon last
June, still remain underlined, though
various new tendencies are begin
ming to be drawn more clearly. The
political crisis precipitated within
less than week after the provisions
al President Portes Gil took office,
developed into a rupture between
the C. R. 0. M. (Mexican Labor
Confederation) and the new admin
istration.
AS a result large sections of the
C. R. O. M. disintegrated, causing
the definite withdrawal of ex-Presi-
dent Plutarco Elias Gales from
politics. In a general way the as
sassination of Oregon caused the
breakup of the Obregon forces into
the militarists of the North, and
the Agrarian leaders of the National
Agrarian Party of the Center and
South, headed by Soto y Cana.
Complicated Groupings.
This meant a definite alienation
of the remnants of the Sonora mill
tary dictatorship of Oregon and
Gales away from Gales and shift
of political power toward the center
and the Gulf states.
Ex-president Gales, before shift
of alignments caused his definite
retirement from the political scene
undoubtedly hoped to shape the af-
fairs of the nation as power be-
hind the throne. The new govern.
ment of Portes Gil retained Gales
followers in key positions; but al
ready Portes Gil is gradually shift.
ing these or eliminating them.
/ In addition, Gales, by founding
the new Grand National Revolution.
airy Party, supposedly to embrace
the entire Revolutionary family
made a move further to divide the
4 Oregon militarists of the north
and to prepare the way for the can
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
Class Fight in Mexico

In addition, there are the forces
controlled by the administration.
Portes Gil controls, through Marie
Gomez and ex-Minister of Agricul-
ture Ramon P. de Negri, large blocs
of peasants and workers. He has,
as yet, shown no indication of where
he will throw official support.
The C. R. o. M. leaders, now
largely isolated, nevertheless repre-
sent weight in the political scale.
Their probable course of action still
remains uncertain, and they may, in
spite of the anti-C. R. o. M. attitude
of the candidates Villareal and Vas
concelos, seek rapproachement with
the Anti-Re-electionists.
The Real Labor and Peasants
Groups.
Finally there are the real labor
and peasant elements, controlling
the state labor organizations of ia
lisco, Durango, Nayarit, much of
Coahuila, Tamaulipas Though here
might come tug-of-war with Por-
ties GiD, and large blocs in Vera
Cruz, Puebla and Oaxaca.
Here also is the National Peasant
League, headed by Ursu1o Galvan,
rooted deep in Is states.
All of these revolutionary ele-
ments, joined with the Railwaymen's
Political Party and the Communist
Party, are now closing their con-
vention with the formation of a
Labor and Peasant Bloc, with pro-
gram calling for the democratic die
tatorship of the workers and peas
ants, land to the peasants, nation
alization of industry with workers
control, the arming of the masses,
destruction of the present state ap-
paratus and establishment of work
ers' and peasants councils.
Their candidate for president is
Pedro Rodriguez Tirana, peasant
revolutionary who was once mill
tary commander under Madero, Villa
and Zapata in turn. This movement
has at least a half million organized
adherents and will have wider sup
port. 1t faces, however, an immedi-
ate and open conflict with the forces
of reaction which are arising in fas-
cist forms under the wing of the
Portes Gil regime.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09

THE Second Congress of working
and peasant women members OF
Soviets, which took place last year,
showed what an increase there had
been in the numerical strength OF
the women taking part in the gov
eminent of the Soviet Union.
At present 153,6OO women work
ers and the peasant women are con-
nected with the work of urban and
village Soviets. The percentage of
women workers in the Soviets has
advanced from 81 to 21.4 per cent,
while the proportion of peasant wo-
men in these bodies has risen from
1 to 11.8. The trade unions include
100000 women, or 26.1 per cent
Of the total membership. Female
workers now hold SO per cent of
the posts in the directing organs of
the trade union movement, as
against only A per cent in 1923.
The percentage of women in factory
committees has already reached 10.
More Become Skilled.
The number of women engaged
in production has also increased
steadily. The large scale industries
employ 770,742 women, equivalent
to 29.1 per cent of their total force.
Important progress has been made
in raising women workers to more
skilled occupations. During the past
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
Working Women to the Fore in us S. r.

concerning women not only in the
rural districts, but even in the cities.
The attention of the women's Sec
tions of the Party has always been,
and for a long time to come will
continue to be, focused upon the
struggle against traditional preju-
dices and upon the efforts to tighten
the heavy burdens imposed upon
women by long-established customs
of life. Particular difficulty has been
encountered in putting women's leg
islation into effect in the eastern
Soviet Republics and Autonomous
Areas, which are the most backward
economically and culturally. The
Communist slogan of equal rights
for Eastern women has met with
stubborn opposition on the part Of
the rich farmers, the Mohammedan
clergy and the "beys," causing
great deal Of trouble in the actual
emancipation of these women. How
ever, in this sphere, too, very ex-
tensive results have been attained.
Already there are in the Eastern
districts $4,000 women members of
Soviets and 100000 have passed
through the delegate conventions.
The number of literate Eastern wo-
men is increasing. The men are be-
ing imbued with the new attitude of
comradeship toward the women.
Along a wide front a determined
battle is being fought for the re-
moval of the veil, the abolition of
purchase marriage and other re-
mains Of harAm life.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
United Front of Pseudo Revolutionists

The One Big Union Bulletin organ of the nearly extinct
O. B. u of Canada contains in recent number symphony
of SANDERS upon the Workers Communist Party These
ISLANDERS taken from the Weekly People journal of the
equally puny socialist labor party and from the Jewish Daily
Forward the socialist party paper that forms center for the
thugs used by Sgman and VOL in their attempt crush the
needle trades workers.
Stories reprinted the Weekly Peoples condemnation
of Communist animperalst work and the lie about al
legged fuse of detectives to organize the miners union
This last story reprinted in type in the Bulletin but
canny than the Forward the Bulletin did not the
Forwards cut of the letter which the whole story
based because the crudy of this forgery makes
nizable to even casual inspection.
The lie about the of detectives has also been abund
any exposed in the Coal Digger organ of the National
Miners Union and in the Daily Worker.
The interest in the o. B. u attack consists merely in the
illustration of united front Of the reformss and pseudo
revolutionary sects the socialist party the L. p and the
O. B. IT, theoretically opposed to each other but united
against the real miners union and united against the Work
Communist Party, the only party which really fights
the danger, and works for real labor movement of
militant class industrial unions
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
New, United Trade Union Confederation; the
Revolutionary National Peasants League

didacy of Aaron Saenz, ex-minister
of foreign affairs and former man.
ager of the Obregon campaign, and
closely identified with the Gales
policies.
Bureaucratic Party.
The G. P. N. r. Grand National
Revolutionary Party, from which
Gales has now resigned, was brand
ed from the outset as an official
bureaucratic organization with petit
bourgeois tendencies. 1t was a cou-
sin of the various political parties
which have formed and reformed in
the shadow of the executive power
during the revolutionary epoch: The
Liberal Party of Madero; the Liber-
al Constitutional Party of Carranza;
the Co-operatist Party of the first
period of Alvaro Oregon; the Al
lance of Socialist Parties of the
Republic formed to support Obre-
CONS second candidacy. The Mex
lean Labor Party (P. M. L., which
supported Gales in 1924, is the only
one of these parties which has not
been predominantly official and
bureaucratic.
Thus Aaron Saenz came forth as
a candidate representing the Obre-
gon Party, and at the same time a
friendly compromise with the Gales
elements. By making a bargain with
the C. R. o. NJ, the breach between
the two forces would be largely
healed, the remaining disgruntled
Oregon forces broken into frag-
ments and strong bloc formed. Pro-
visional President Portes Gil would
be unlikely, it seemed, to oppose
such combination. But the c. R.
O. M. leaders were disgruntled by
their lack of favored position under
the new administration. They had
old scores with some of the leaders
of the P. G. N. R.
And so in the Ninth Convention
of the C. r. O. M, Morones upset
the balance, launching attacks upon
Portes Gil and Perez Tervino of the
G. P. N. R. After this no alliance
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09

could be made. Gales was forced
into an untenable position and with
drew from the scene of action. At
the same time Aaron Saenz is left
with a purely military and bureau
cratic support of a reactionary ma
ture. 1t is being pointed out that
while governor of Nuevo Leon, he
did not distribute any lands, and
opposed labor organizations.
Valenzuela.
The most powerful competitor of
Saenz at present is Gilberto Valen-
zuela, former minister of interior
and recently ambassador to England.
Valenzuela steps forth as represent
ing a return of the Sonora elements
which broke with the Sonora leader,
ex-President Gales. The agrarian
leaders of the National Agrarian
Party, Manrique and Soto Y Cana,
both from the central key state of
San Luis Potosi, and the latter, in
addition an ex-Zapatista, lie, fol-
lower of the agrarian rebel of the
south) have rejoined the Sonora
militarists of the northwest, Gener-
ais Topete and Manzo, and have
come out for Valenzuela.
Thus the candidacy of valenzuela,
not only has a military basis, but
has strong peasant roots. He is, in
addition, definitely anti-C. r. o. M,
and left the Gales cabinet early in
the administration, because Gales
insisted on imposing a Labor Party
candidate in the state of Mexico. He
has just branded the G. P. N. R. as
factional and official organization,
entirely belying it's claims to repre-
sent all revolutionary factions.
Anti-Re-election Group.
The third significant formation is
the Anti-Re-election group. This
group is largely composed of the
"outs" of past regimes; and it in
cludes all the -Obregon forces,
as it's name indicates. 1t supported
the rebel candidates Arnulfo Gomez
and Francisco Serrano, who were
executed last year.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
Over Two and Half Million in Trade Unions;
Increase Communist Activities

rollment has risen from 7.8 to 1873.
An enormous amount of work had
to be done by the Party in order to
give the women of the working and
peasant classes confidence in their
own strength and an understanding
of the necessity for their participa-
ton in the upbuilding of the new
system. In this regard a vital role
was played by the meetings of dele
gates, through which about two and
half million working women passed
during the decade. This is the in
strumentality which unites the Party
with the women, attracting them to
the consideration of current prob
lens facing the country, teaching
them the business of governing the
nation, and the work of socialist
construction.
Fight Prejudice.
The Party had to exert strenuous
efforts to help the working and
peasant women to make use of the
rights which they had received as a
result Of the revolution. Backward
ness and ignorance still prevailing
among considerable sections of the
population even now hinder the COM
plete carrying out Of Soviet laws
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

By Mail Gin New York only):
$500 a year $3.50 six months
$3.50 three months
BY Mail (outside of New York;:
$500 a year $3.50 six months
$500 three months
Address and mail all checks to
The Daily Worker. 262S Union
Square, New York, n. Y.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
The Colorado Miners Battle for the EigI
Hour Day by Direct Job Action;
Militia at Telluride

In previous chapters Hayoood wroe of his boyhood among
Msons Utah. of gears miners and oboy IN Neudda nin
daho his 0ork IN the Western Federation of Miners and
Executive Secretary; the shop Citizens Alliance its g
against the efforts of the w. F. NJ to enforce the eight hour da
lasO by direct action the JOB Now go reading.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09

presented to the Telluride Mining Association. The
Association replied that some of the included
in the demand under contract that had more
than year to run, and that the scale submitted by
the committee called for the wage for eight
hour day as was formerly paid for ten and twelve
hours
A meeting of the union called and the de-
mands modified. All men under contract were to
work as before. There general reduction OF
fifty cents day wages, men working for four dol
s..a,.ld tLree fifty would
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-02-09
BY WILLIAM d. HAYWOOD.
PART xXXII.

PART XXXII.
THE the District Union
August and passed resolution demanding the eg
mill and smeermen its jurisdiction to take effect
September first 1908 committee from the mill
the Telluride Union chosen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06

traflc lights. But they really are very
smart, when properly used.
The sketch shows an evening dress
made Of gray chiffon with large pink
circles. II Is made as simple as q
fiaring fFeck could be made and worn
over q pink slip that extends only
slightly below the knees, while the
chiffon extends some five or six inches
further.
fortunately these large spotted ma
terials are used only for evening
dresses and as q usual thing only
in chiffon or transparent material.
A very smart evening gown was
made of chiffon printed in large, over
tapping round spots in orange and
brown on q beige background. The
dress was worn with beige stockings
and brown satin slippers. Some Of
the French dressmakers have used
brown chiffon with white spots as
large as half dollars and georgette
with white spots of the same size has
also been used.
There are also new velvets showing
the larger sort of polka dots, sonae-
times outlined in metal.
For wear with separate blouse or
pull-over sweater nothing Is smarter
at present than the new two-piece
circular skirt. If you would like to
make one, send for this weeks illus
trated circular giving diagram pat
tern, directions for making and
sketch of the original. Send your
self addressed, stamped envelope to
Mary Marshall. care Of this paper,
and It will be forwarded to you.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06
Today in
Washington History
M DONALD a. CRAIG.

August 6, 1a5s.--Many persons who
passed the post efiice today slapped to
watch the progress of hoisting the
beautiful columns on the north portico
Of the post Office extension.
1.-THE ease with which these large
blocks Of marble were raised" writes .
representative Of The Evening Star,
1.-The precision and safety Of the opera
tion-that with the aid OF q horse and
q few men at the crab, without risk or
injury to the sharp arrases and deli
cate fittings Of the monolythic shafts
seemed to excite general interest and
give great pleasure"
The columns are solid pieces Of mar
ble,. which, were turned In the latheS
at the works Of the Capitol extension
to the exact form which architects have
declared to be the most beautiful for q
column shaft. They were futed By
hand.
Great care and skill. aided by we'll
devised machinery, was required to lift
them to their places on the second floor
Of the building without injury. The
simple but powerful derricks erected On
the top of the building set them In
place, as they have every other stone
used in the construction OF the post
ONCE extension. without accident, With
out shipping corner or breaking an
arras. It b intended to raise four more
of the columns tomorrow. In the blocks
each column weighs 10 tons.
A meeting of che volunteer military
officers Of the District Of Columbia was
held tonight at the Columbian Armory.
The purpose of the gathering was to
acquaint the officers with the changes
that will become necessary to conform
with the rules of discipline prescribed
by existing laws and by the letter and
spirit of the regulations OF the United
States Army, in order to secure greater
efficiency, steadiness and subordination
among the District volunteers.
When President Buchanan returns to
Washington next week the volunteer
officers will wait upon him in q body
and ask his aid in the efforts now In
progress to improve the local military
organization and increase its numbers
The Potomac Light Infantry, the
newly formed military organization in
Georgetown, is industriously engaged In
drilling, preparatory to making It's de-
but on the streets. The blue coats and
light gray pantalaons OF the United
States Infantry have been adopted by
the organization.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06
Pickled Cantaloupe.

Pare and cut ripe melons into thick
slices, then weigh them and for every
eight pounds allow four pounds of good
brown sugar. one quart of vinegar and
one cupful OF whole spices. stick elm
namon, cassia buds. allspice, and cloves
all mixed together. using less cloves and
more allspice. Tie these mixed spices
in bag and boil with the vinegar and
sugar. Skim well, and when clear pour
over the fruit. Cover and let stand
the sirup boil for I'VE minutes, and
again pour over the fruit. Repeat this
for three successive mornings, then
pack into jars, seal and keep In Q cool
place.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06

eager for a morsel. They knew their
onions.
Suddenly the young woman reached
for her breast pin. 1t was gone.
Quietly. unexcitedly, she informed her
escort and q search was made for the
found. kindness Is seldom rewarded
with pain.
A small, tow-headed lad dipped his
net in box containing live crabs. At
each dip in receptacle containing
water. he brought out a peevish fellow,
swapping blindly with his pincers be-
fore he was dropped into . sack on
the crude. little pier. Once in q while
the boy tossed one Of the crabs into
the water and then uperringly re-
covered it. 1t was something like q
game.
A woman on the shore wanted q
dozen crabs and the little merchant
was supplying her from his 'store
house" His companion, counting the
crabs as they were placed wriggling
into the sack, said: Hey, there are IL
in here"
ooh, that's all right" said the youth
full crab merchant, that's q bakers
Dozen"
The crabs were delivered and the
customer asked for more. Once again
the little crabber dipped his net in his
warehouse" This time he didn't count
the number he placed in the sack. He
was being paid by the dozen, but there
were probably 16 in the last batch.
Again his companion reproached him
for giving away more than asked. The
crabber scorned to reply this time. He
was having an excellent time, even
though he was tossing away few cents
profit.
An older person would have said
that such loose method was bad
business. The truth is that the
youngster enjoyed catching crabs. His
pleasure was his profit. To love ones
game or business Is far more to be de-
sired than the mere pursuit Of dollars.
A car raced along a road from the
beach toward WASHINGTON. Other ma
chimes were forced aside to avoid being
struck. The speed boy was making
knots. Several miles from the city the
turtle cars passed the hare snugiy I'M
bedded In sand by the roadside and its
driver earnestly endeavoring to extYi-
cate 1t.
Visitors to the city have been heard
10 comment concerning the courtesy of
our local cab drivers. Generally speak
ing, 1t Is true that most of the men
cruising the city at the wheels Of taxi
cabs are unusually polite and consider
ate. Just the other day one driver
stopped his car to help an old woman
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06
Lessons in English
NJ w. L. GORDON.

Words Often Misused: Do not say,
"Yeur plans are identical to mine"
Say, identical with"
Often Mispronouneed: Tensile: II" as
In "ill," not as in "file"
Often Misspelled: Ameliorate; note
particularly the 81"
Synonyms: Afilicticn,. grief, calamity,
adversely, trouble, misfortune.
Word Study: "Use a word three
times and 1t Ii yours" Let US increase
our vocabulary by mastering one word
each day. Today's word; Ignominy;
disgrace or dishonor; infamy. He
sank in the abyss of ignominy."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06
BEAUTY CHATS
Exercises for Reducing.

Every one knows that the best two
ways to reduce are by exercise and by
diet. and an ideal, of course, would be
q combination of both. It Is rarely
practical for stout woman to exercise
enough to bring her weight down to
normal, but 1t Is always possible 70
diet I would suggest that you do IS
minutes vigorous exercise every day and
increase your food allowance very
slightly as compensation.
To be more specific, II you lead a
completely sedentary life your calorie
allowance would be worked out at the
rate of is calories per pound per day
II you increase your activity you can
increase the calorie allowance to as
much as 20 per pound per day. If,
for instance, you should weigh $50
pounds, and you do practically no
work OF any kind, you multiply $50 by
is, which gives you calorie allowance
of 2,250. In other words, to maintain
q weight of $50 pounds, you must eat
1850 Galleries q day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-06


rescue. Before he could reach the
young lady in distress, she quieted and
sought to save herself. Pulling boat
toward her which was nearest the
shore. she stepped into 1t. Then from
that boats she stepped into another one
until she reached dry ground.
A homely little incident to record, but
1t proves that necessity Is, after all, the
mother Of invention.
Some stories do not get into the
news columns, although they may be
of supreme importance to those in
volved. A young lady drew her weeks
salary. The following week she was to
leave for her vacation. Placing the
money in q drawer of her desk she left
it for a moment. When she returned
the money was gone.
The police cannot be Of any service
In case like this.