davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-19

ers of the British labor movement,
Johnston, Syme, and others, who in
1925 conducted an investigation of
the labor conditions of the Indian
workers, declare that they came
across cases in several mills in Bonn
bay and Calcutta, of "a hours con-
tinuous work. They likewise declare
that child labor is in India most
widely practiced, and that young
persons under 10 are not included
in the official registers, but are en-
tered in special secret lists which are
hidden from the factory Inspector,
The majority of enterprises openly
break the existing factory laws,
without thereby mourning any re-
sopnsibility. In India, factory in
spection is very badly organized.
Many factories are altogether not
inspected.
Such are the conditions of work
ers in India. 1t would seem that all
possible limits have been reached in
regards to the exploitation of the
working class and its standard of
living. However, the Anglo-Indian
bourgeoisie thinks otherwise. At
present we may feel new pressure
upon the working class in India, the
employers are now making new and
increased attempts to maintain the
former high standard and profits at
the cost fthe workers. The Bonn
bay cotton industry, the Bengal jute
industry, the Tata steel foundries,
and metallurgical works in Jamshed-
pur an dthe most important rail-
ways of the country are being ra-
tionalized. AS a result the working
hours are heightened, wages are be-
ing cut down, labor is intensified
and thousands of workers are thrown
on the streets.
This rationalized exploitation by
the Anglo-Indian capital, the revolt
ing conditions of labor and unem-
ployment, the merciless Anglo-In-
dian imperialist oppression evokes
decisive resistance on the part of
the Indian proletariat.
In 1928 alo :, 200 strikes took
place involving 100000 workers with
loss of 81 million working days
more than the total for the last five
years taken together. The Indian
working class struggle is not now
limited to narrow economic demands.
1t is aking up political aspect and
is directed both against Indian bour-
geoisie and British imperialism. The
working class of India, through nu-
merous meetings, demonstrations
and gatherings, are demanding the
complete independence of India and
the organization of an Indian Soviet
Republic.
HMowever, the united efforts Of
the workers of all countries of the
Pacific Coast and the aid of he in
ternational proletariat are necessary
that the struggle of the Indian work
ing class be successful. The aims Of
the Pan-Pacific Trade Union Con-
gress Which has the Pan-Pacific
Trade Union Secretariat has con-
vened for the 18th Of Angus, 1929,
in Vladivosto' and to which repre-
sentative3 Of the Indian workers
have hcen invited, are to organize
united r'o'utionary front of the
worl;ir~ ,'ccs of the Pan-Pacific
count - the common struggle
againc 2lism and capitalism.
L. BURNS.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-19
How the Indian Worker Lives

tina THE Indian worker is we'll fed.
Rice and meal in the morning, rice
or bread and vegetables at noon, rice
and vegetables in the evening-this
is the Bombay textile workers. fixed
menu. The workers eat meat only
on Sundays. 1t is therefore not sur
prising that the average weight of
textile worker is only SO lbs. 1t
is significant that the average
length of life in India has decreased
from 80 years in 1870 to % years
in 1921, where as in England
Wales it is 46 years.
The wretchedness of the Indian
workers becomes especially evident
when compared with those of Euro
pean workers. For instance, the
Bombay textile workers are paid los.
Cd. per week, while an English SINH
larly skilled worker receives BIS. sd.
Similar proportions are to be OBJ
served in other industries.
However, even this miserable wage
does not reach the workers pocket
intact. First of all, considerable
sums are deducted every month as
fines, which in India amounts to
$40 per cent of the total wages. The
factory owners fine the workers at
the slightest pretex: for lateness, for
the merest spoilage of production,
for disrespectful conduct, etc. A
great proportion of the workers
wages go towards paying interest to
usurers. Many reasons compel the
workers to borrow money. First of
allhe Indian workers is often con-
nected to some degree or other with
his village and small plot of land.
He is obliged to send money home
TO rthe payment of the heavy taxes
and leases. Apart from this, the
workers in he cities have to pay rent
month in advance. Wages are in
accurately paid in the factories, in
the majority of cases sill weeks after
hiring-in order to keep the worker
at the factories. We may not like
wise pass by the fact that the only
way of obtaining employment in a
mill or in a port is by paying large
brides to the foreman or to the con-
tractors agent. Brides are also
Systematically paid to the overseers
on hiring. Workers refusing to pay
brides undergo prosecution, and are
often fired. All these circumstances
force the Indian workers to borrow
from money-lenders paying them in
tiers at the rate of U.s., $50 per cent
per annum. The Indian worker is
indebted on the average to the
amount of 21a months pay. Women
and children, as the more backward
and forgotten workers serve as OBJ
jects of special merciless and shame
less exploitation, both by the en-
ployers and by the numerous agents,
overseers, etc.
The housing conditions of the In
dian workers are also horrible. Fifty
three per cent of the single work
ers in Bombay are altogether home
less. "They usually sleep on the
streets, squares, the verandahs or
corridors" says Burnett Hurst, au-
thor of Labor and Housing Condi-
tons in Bombay" Married work
ers live in huts put together from
the most original materials: petrol
ms, or dried palm leaves. Rents are
very high. According to the Gov
eminent investigation of 1922, the
rent for one room is IS. per month.
Many married workers live in bar
racks, enormou bsuildings contain
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-19

India is at present the area of
powerful class struggle. The Indian
proletariat, which had for many
years resigned itself to the exploita-
ton by the united forces of British
Imperialism and native bourgeoisie,
has now entered into a stubborn
struggle with capital for the i'm
provement of its conditions.
The Indian proletariat numbers
from 100000 to 100000 industrial
workers, including railwaymen,
lockers, the coal transport workers
an dthe plantational workers. Apart
from this, there are over q millions
agricultural workers, 21a million
house servants, four million CONNER
cial employees and four million en-
ployees of various institutions.
The fundamental branch Of the In
dian industry-the textile industry
Cotton and jute) has the largest
number of workers. Next come the
mining industry and the metallurgi-
cal. A very great number of work
ers are engaged in the plantations
lover 100000 workers) and on the
railway transport lover 100000
workers..
The vast majority of workers in
India receive insignificant wages,
which cannot satisfy even the most
primitive demands. The average
wage of workers in all branches Of
industry varies between 20 and 80
rupees per month Il rupee equals
Is. 6d.). Men employed in the tex
tie industry in Bombay receive 33
rupees per month, while women and
children receive 16 rupees per month.
The wages of male coal miner in
the Djari coal mines amount 5 i
per week, while women coal miners
earn IS. per week. AS regards the
wages of the most exploited cate
CORY of labor-the plantation labor
ers-they are absolutely ridiculous.
Furtwingler, member of the In
ternational Textile Workers Fed
Grafton, which visited India in 1927,
states tina 1.-THE wages of coolies on
the Indian plantations have not
changed for the last 70 years. The
wages of the coolie in 1860 was 5
rupees per month. In 1922, the
maximum wages of a coolie on the
Assam tea plantation did not exceed
! 7 rupees per month. 1t should be
remarked in his connection that the
price of rice-the coolies only article
of food-has more than doubled dur
ing this period. The coolie spends
practically the last pie of his month
ly wages on his rice. His clothes
or rather, the rags worn by the In
dian coolie-occupy but an insignifi-
cant position in his budget.
Even skilled workers just manage
to make both ends meet. About 10
per cent of his wages are spent upon
food, IL per cent on rent. His Gull
tural needs are enirely unsatisfied.
The large proportion Of wages spent
upon food does not, of course, prove
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-19

ing numerous one-roomed flats. DR..
Barnes, who in 1922 investigated the
housing conditions of the Bombay
women workers, discovered cases of
six families living together in a sin
gle room, Is scare feet in area.
The living quarters supplied by the
employers to the Bengal miners are
deficient of the most elementary
necessities-they have not even any
windows, not to speak of ventilation.
The houses have no avatories. And
in such inconceivably heavy condi-
lions do the Indian women rear and
bring up their children. True, babies
are sometimes born in the streets
or in the factories during work.
Many worker-mothers are forced to
bring their children along to the
factories, as owing to the absence
of nursing facilities they cannot
leave them behind. The women hide
the baskets containing heir children
in corners of the factory, and very
often tie them to the machines.
Sucking babies spend the whole day
in the factories under the rattle and
roar of the machine, in the factory
dust. Accidents to them are COM
mon. 1t is therefore not surprising
that child mortality has reached
terrible level in India. Between 572
and 1923 babies out of every 1000
births in Bombay die in their first
year of life. I'm England not more
than 172 die per thousand). The
reasons for sue ha high mortality
are Ineligible. DR.. Burns says that
over 90 per cent of the children of
industrial workers are given opium
to keep them asleep while their
mothers are at work.
The percentage of illiterate work
ers is very great. Only 5 per cent
of the industrial workers can write
their names. AS a rule, workers
children very rarely attend school,
as poverty forces them to work full
time, even though the factory law
provides for a maximum six-hour
working day for children.
/ norder to evade the law and to
work full Quay, children are hired
under various names by two fac
tories, working six hours in each
factory, on the morning shift in one
and on the evening shift in the other.
In general, it should be noted that
female and child labor is very wide
| yadapted in India. Out of a total
of 1851 900 industrial workers Zen
gaged) in enterprises with over 10
workers) in 1921, there were $4,000
women, i. e., about 25 per cent. Wo-
me mare specially numerous on the
plantations, where there are 81 wo-
men to every 100 men, and likewise
in the mining industry (52 per cent?,
and the stonebreaking industry (42
per cent?, and etc.
Child labor is similarly widely ex-
plotted in India. They are employed
mos of all on the plantations 90
children per 100 adults), in the build
ing industry Us per cent?, in the
metallurgical IA per cent?, textiles
(13 per cent? and mining az per
cent?.
The eiisting Indian factory and
mining legislation is extremely in
sufficient, and only to a very slight
extent posters the labor welfare of
workers, particularly of women and
children, all the more because it is
only rarely carried out and is broken
most brazenly. The reformist lead
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-10-19


(Continued)
SERIosHKA injured manner then eyes
again. Did you sleep?" ..
m hungry" r@HFEr+H
hungry too He licked his lips with his tongue ana
thought
"In have him my all the time"
Aloud he
How silly serioshka patience at ALL Where
Think I'd
keep it secret He felt sorry for his cmrde still he did
not want njure himself He Mshka doing all the worrying
he must eat
He remembered the share everything equally
indignant The bound him hand and foot would
bread and reluctantly broke off a bit.
Here give back later. That's
had from me- Where's your sack and your sandals?"
"They got left overt
"Idot Where you gonig put your
Seroshka turned away.
"Tm not going Tashkent"
"Why
"It's far"
"And how you get homer"
"Il get along little at a
you're don't care for such COM
ades always wanting back First go, you
don't want to go . :"
For a long time there
Some hidden by the smoke, QUIT n sleep:
cts gone! It's gone is gone"
Near then muj with immense shock of hair up,
"weT all de My legs begun to
eyes city Tashken the never-seen
stacks stuffed other
what gran Not like our Enormous MshIa mother looked into
the sacks and wept for JOY
"oh Mhka, good you are taking
all like this Lie down little and Sleep And children
don't make noise"
Mishka opened unseeing eyes again.
Was ampng roof beating
down? 1t didn't matter! If only he could sleep In the
would be time enough to find out Overhead right under the ceiling
@ oe q0%m m o s s ns aeh M Ds as two
sleepy to stretch out his hand for it.
"Al right, it's all the only sleep sleep ="
serioshka had a bad taste n
The tiny of bread he had had only weted his
ntrai all twisted inside him his belly badly
that Mshk asleep and began touching his SACK here and
"Maybe he's got hidden away"
His thoughts
"Bread~ RI
He glad, and he afraid
eff Mhka woke He'd beat me, say: you
ashamed of yourself? take along
you and act like pickpocket.'"
Mishkas cup through
sack thought
"Bu if don't eat all of it Still a
"But don't do it onpurpose I'm so hungry :" gs
"Take it, if you're not afraid"
Serohka's thoughts it,
He hungry but he would be ashamed
deep drowne began steal Seriosha to bow his head
to 1ul his body to sleep.
Sleep!
For long time Serohka struggled the
his lids erked his head ued systematically
through the sack.
81
"Seep! Tomorrow you'll eat all want"
Heavy sleep laid him with
Mhkas feet his
said:
"You mustn't steal Patience patience little longer :"
be Continued
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Interest in Bal Boheme
Increasing as Date Nears

The demand for boxes for the sixth
annual Bal Boheme of the Arts Club
January % at the Willard Is greater
than ever before. The large majority
Of them have been reserved ever since
last years bal, and in order to take
care of the ever-increaSing requests,
the committee has added number of
small boxes, most of which are already
taken for this seasons oriental frolic,
Carnival in Cairo" The few remain
ing boxes are to be had of DR.. John
Ryan Devereux, chairman of the ball,
or at the Arts Club.
Those who have reserved boxes for
the Bal Boheme include Mr.. and Mrs.
Warren N. Akers, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
G. Barnes, DR.. and Mrs. Gregg Gusts
Birdsall, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Clay Car
penter, Mrs. Susan B. Chase, Mr.. and
Mrs. Willoughby Chesley, Mr.. and Mrs
Bowie Chapman, DR.. and Mrs. Fred
erick v. Voville, Mr.. and Mrs Whitman
Cross, Mrs. Samuel T. Cushing and
Miss Cushing, Mrs H. c. Ferguson,
Mrs. Randolph Keith Forrest, Mrs. E.
M. Fuller, Mrs. Anne P. Gaynor, Mr..
and Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor, Mr.. and
Mrs. John w. Holcombe, Miss Frances
Benjamin Johnston, Mrs. George w.
Johnston, Mr.. and Mrs. L. NJ. Lessen
ring, Mr.. and Mrs. Clifford Lewis, Mr.
and Mrs. Fulton Lewis. Mr.. John Long,
Mr.. and Mrs. Gideon A. Lyon, Mr.. and
Mrs. Gerrit Miller, Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
l.. Neuhauser. Mr.. and Mrs. Asa Phillips,
Mrs. Ralph w. Richards, Mrs. Lindsay
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
hostess at dinner and bridge Wednesday

hostess at dinner and bridge Wednesday
evening.
Mrs. Dwight Scott entertained at
luncheon and bridge Tuesday at her
residence on Lanier place.
Mrs. Charles A. Jones gave luncheon
and bridge, Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Gravatt and
Mr.. and Mrs. Flippo Gravatt have re-
turned after spending the Christmas
holiday with Mr.. and Mrs. Gilbert Miles
at their home in Yonkers, N. Y.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin H. Jones enter
tanned at dinner Friday, January 4, in
their home on Magnolia Parkway. Gov
ers were laid for IL.
Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Adams and tier
daughter, Miss Ruth Adams of Leland
street, are spending the winter In Mi
ami, Fla.
Mrs. Dougherty at Home
Friday Afternoon.
Mrs Proctor L. Dougherty will be at
her home at 3713 Jenifer street, Friday
afternoon from 4 to o'clock.
Mrs. Henry Wooding has returned
after spending a week in Woodville,
Ontario, Canada.
Miss Josephine Stevens of Williams
Lane and her classmate, Miss Molly
Greeley, have returned to Mount Holy
oke College to resume their studies after
spending the Christmas holiday with
Miss Stevens mother, Mrs. Eugene
Stevens, on williams Lane
Miss Miriam Likens. daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. G. B. Likens, entertained at
bridge and supper Wednesday evening.
Mrs. Annie B. Edwards, Mrs. Ethel
B. WoltZ, her son Billy and Mr.. Hen
derson Steel, motored to their homes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Indian Relics Displayed.

BERLIN (P.-An exhibition Of AM
erican Indian relics, ranging from
household implements to scalps, Is at
tracing wide interest in Berlin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Nuptial Ceremonies
Grace the Calendar
In the Early New Year
Ensign Hickox, U. S. NJ, and
Miss Barber United in
Marriage in Closing Hours
of December.

The marriage of Miss Dorcas Louise
Barber, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Rob-
ert L. Barber, to Ensign Ralph Hickox,
U. S. N, took place Saturday. December
20, in the North Carolina Avenue M. P.
Church, the Rev. Howard Schlincke off,
ciating. The church had an effective
arrangement of palms, and Mr.. Norman
Slant sang AT Dawning" and 20,
Promise Me" before the ceremony. Mrs.
c.. L. Mockbee played the wedding
march and accompanied Mr.. Slant.
The bride was given in marriage by
her father and wore a gown Of white
taffeta, fashioned with sleeveless bod
ice and full skirt with scalloped hem
line shorter in front than in the back
Her tulle veil fell from a wreath of
orange blossoms and she carried a
shower bouquet of white roses and lilies
of the valley.
Miss Laura Baulsir was maid of hon.
or wearing roSe-color taffeta gown
trimmed with flowers to match, ana she
carried bouquet of deep pink roses.
The other attendants were Miss Alma
Hickox, sister of the bridegroom, and
Miss Ruth Schlincke. They wore green
taffeta frockS and carried pink roses.
Ensign Myron Graybill, U. S. NJ, was
the best man, and the ushers we're Mr..
Malcolm HickoX, brother of the bride
groom; Mr. Vinton Koonce, Mr.. Ernest
Higgins and Mr.. Wilfred Dawsey.
Following the ceremony a reception
Tor the wedding party and families was
held at the brides home, after which
Ensign Hickox and his bride left for
short wedding trip. Later they expect
TO be at home in San Diego, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Prominent Guests Listed
For Celebrity Breakfast

Mrs. Ulysses S. Guyer, wife of Rep
resentative Guyer of Kansas, has taken
table for the Celebrity Breakfast of
the National League of American Pen
Women. and will entertain an interest
ing company of 10 guests. This break
fast. which is to be given at noon
January rs at the Willard Hotel, is the
second of series of four similar events
which are being arranged by the
National League for the benefit Of its
clubhouse fund, this series to be fol-
lowed by the annual Authors Breakfast
in April.
The national president of the league,
Mrs. Bonnie Busch, will return to
Washington from her home in Miami,
Fla, where she has been passing the
holiday season, in time to preside at
the breakfast. She is greatly inter-
ested in the series and is aiding the
chairman, Mrs. Swain Reed, in the
plans for these events. which have
already aroused the keenest interest.
Mrs. Busch has taken q table for the
breakfast Of January Is, and among
others who have reserved tables are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Sigma Kappa Phi Unit
Sponsors Dinner Dance

Delta Chapter, Sigma Kappa Phi
Sorority held its first social affair Of
the 1929 season Tuesday. January 0,
at a dinner dance at the Aster, followed
by theater party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13

New exuress-train passenger fares be-
tween Berlin and STUTTGART, Germany
are about 2 cents q mile
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13

Russell, Mrs. William Wolff Smith. Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Jay Staley. Mrs. M. d.
Wickersham and Mrs. Margaret s.
Zimmele.
The scene Of this years bal being
time, with the arrival of the triumphant
Caliph from his victories In battle. the
decorations of the boxes will be in
keeping with the magnificence of the
pageantry of the occasion, and the
festive spirit of all nations joining in
the joyous celebration. The entire tenth
floor of the hotel will be transformed
into an oriental street flanked with gay
booths in holiday array and peopled
with gay crowds attired in the gala
costumes of many lands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Tea to Honor Delegates
To Women's Federation

Miss Charl Williams, education chair
man of the National Federation of Bust
ness and Professional Women's Clubs,
is giving tea Thursday afternoon for
the delegates from the National Fedora
ton who are attending the fourth Con-
ference on the Cause and Cure of War.
The tea is in honor of Miss Lena
Medesin Phillips, president of the Ma
tional Federation. and Miss Emily r.
Kneubuhl, executive secretary of the
organization. About so federation
members from all over the country
will be present, and others invited to
the tea are the full membership of the
Washington Business and Professional
Women's Clubs, and the officers of the
Quota Club, zonta Club and SoroptomiSt
Club.
The tea will be given at the home
of Miss Williams at 2727 Connecticut
avenue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13

Mrs. Minnigerode Andrews, Mrs. Fulton
Lewis and Mrs. william Wheatley.
Celebrities who will be presented at
this second breakfast include Mr.. Paul
KeSter, whose fame as a dramatist is of
long standing; Mr.. Thomas Lomax
Hunter, who will read from his own
poems, and Miss Elizabeth Lippincott
Dean, who has revealed anew the
charm of Dolly Madison in her study
of this noted mistress of the White
House, entitled Dolly Madison, the
Nations Hostess"
Assisting Mrs. Swain Reed as men,
bers of her executive committee for the
breakfasts are Mrs Charles Augustus
Hawley, Miss Florence Ward, Mrs.
Daniel C. Chase, Miss Patricia Poe Ben
nett and Miss Agnes VIM.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Other Notable Events
Of Recent Record.

An attractively arranged wedding took
place. Saturday, January S, when Miss
Helena Lange became the bride of Mr..
Orman Schneeman. The ceremony was
performed at 4:30 O'Clock In the after
noon at the home of the brides parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Lange, on Livingston
street, Chevy Chase, the Rev. Dr. Henry
Rancke Of Grace Reformed Church
oficiating.
Palms, ferns, pink roses and candelabra
formed an effective background for the
wedding, and an improvised altar was
arranged in the living room.
The bride was given In marriage by
her father, and wore gown of tan
georgette, trimmed with lace, and she
carried shower of bride roses and
Niles of the valley.
Mrs. Mary Kieny attended her sister
as matron Of honor, wearing blue trans
parent velvet and carrying La France
roses.
Mr.. Oscar LANCE, jr., brother of the
bride, acted as best man.
Mrs. LANCE, the brides mother, wore
blue crepe gown. Preceding the cere-
mony program Of wedding music was
given by Miss Mary Apple, contralto.
After the reception Mr.. and Mrs
Schneeman left for Southern trip.
Upon their return they will make their
home at Akron, Ohio.
Mrs. M. Cole has sent out cards an
nounciAg the marriage of her daugh-
Ter Clara M. to Mr.. Gilbert L. Wilcox
Of Pennsylvania, Thursday, January 3,
the Rev. w. M. Hoffman officiating
Owing to illness of the brides mother
the wedding took place at tn home of
the ofaciating clergyman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-01-13
Parents Hosts at Dance
Tn Honor of DauGh re-,

Mr.. and Mrs. Isaac Chaser of 1853
Wisconsin avenue northwest enter
tanned 20 couples at a surprise birthday
dance In honor of their daughter
Dora Tuesday night at the Langlotz
Studio, Fourteenth and Monroe streets
northwest.