Evening star., 1929-07-28
By ROSWELL S. BRITToN.

A GRlCULTUEE colonizauon 1no
n railways are the three big chap
"A velopment Of Manchuria durint
the last IS years. There had
been a period Of tedious and nieagei
immigration from China. somewhat
similar to that Of the pioneer days ir
our West, but with two-wheeled carts
instead of the covered wagon.
Then came the railroads. and Man.
churia now has more than half o.
China's total railway mileage. quick
transportation to fertile lands started
a steady movement from the overpopu-
lated regions OF North China. chieny
Shantung. Within scarcely more than
a generation. the population has grown
from 100000 to 10000, 900.
The colonists. mainly experienced
farmers. sober and hard working people
could break the ManchurtAn soil and
cultivate crops Of the same sort tney
and their forefathers had grown fof
generations in China.
Marvel Of Prosperity Achieved.
About one-third Of the arahle land
In northern Manchuria has been broken
and about 45,000,o0 acres remains to
be opened. In Southern Manchuria =
larger proportion has been cultivated,
Here in South Manchuria marvel OF
prosperity has been wrought upon the
natural advantages Of soil ana climate
by the thrift, patience and industry OF
chinese peasants and traders. organized
and guided by the enterprise and skill
Of Japanese financiers, engineers ana
scientists.
The import-export trade OF Man
churia now constitutes one-third OF the
total of China's foreign trade, although
Manchuria Is less than q NTH OF CHINA
nroper in area and less than Q tenth OF
the whole Of Chinese territory. AND
.Jotaro Yammaoto, president OF the
South Manchuria Railway, predfctS Win
confidence that "in the near future
Manchurias trade win be nalf OF
China's total.
Trade Gains 240 Per Cent in Decade.
The magnitude Of Manchurian trade
IS all the more extraordinary for the
rapidity with which it has been de-
yeloped. The trade over the eastern
border, with and through Pogranieh-
naya and vladivostok, amounted to
e4.soo, 900 Haikuan taels last year. As
against 100000 in the year 1871:
more than quadrupled IN seven yeAIs'
The total value OF the inward ano eu.1
ward trade through the three principal
seaports Increased 240 per cent during
the last 10 years-from 240. 900 900 taels
in 1918 to $4,000 900 in 1928.
These are the principal items OF ex.
mort from Dairen. which Is the cnlel
commercial city of Manchuria:
Soya beans. bean oil and bean CAKE,
runny bags, bones, bristles, cement;
kailiang (sorghum). millet. coal ana
coke, wheat -four, hides and furs, maze
(corn), peanuts. salt, castor. nemp'
sesamum and perrilla seed, pig IRON
and cigarettes.
are much like the northern States OF
ti1.; Middle West, lying In approxi-
rnately the same parallels OF latitude
and having similar conditions OF climate.
Both regions are primarily agriculture
and possess good fertile soils. The
area Of Manchuria. 363, 100 square miles
roughly equals the aggregate area OF
Iowa, the Dakotas, Kansas ana MIN
neSota.
Sunxari q Little Mississippi.
The population of Manchuria is more
than three and q half times the COM
bined population of these five states.
Harbin the chief city Of Northern Mall
churia, Is the -four milling center 1or
Manchuria, as Minneapolis Is for the
United States. The Sungar River D
little Mississippi.
churia, stands in the same degree OF
latitude as Washington. D. G. Tne c ex.
treme northern border - ABOUT l,oOo
miles away--is parallel with the soutn.
ern shores Of the Hudson Bay. FROM
east to west Manchuria stretches about
Aieka
that between New York and Chicago.
Geolosically Manchuria is composed
of three true basins formed by warp
ing of the eartl1's crust. These basins
are continent, all gently rolling, open
and adequately watered. separated only
nv low rolling hills. The whole area
is walled around by the Great and
Little Khingan Mountains. on the west
and north, and by the East Manchurian
Highland.
Rich Agricultural Country.
The northern and largest basin Is
drained by the Nonni ana Sungari hiv-
ers rorttward into the Amur River.
THE southern basin is drained by the
Lao River through . rich delta into
the CUT Of Chinli. The third basin,
on the western border. contains ter.
n1tnal lakes draining small rivers. IL
Is a herding country where aomadic
life survives contrast to the rest OF
Manchuria The great Amur River,
outside the Little Khingan range. Is
the northern boundry. and the Yalu
River marks OF Korea on the SOUTH
east.
The agricultural production Is re-
rich and varied. Great stands |
of timber. including pine, spruce, oak
and maple. cover the northern slopes
and the Yalu bank. There are large
coal deposits Of good quality and some
iron and oil.
Where Soya Bean Is King.
The soya bean is the king Of Man.
churian crops. It has been cultivated
by the Chinese for ages. It's OIL, USED
sauce on the tables Of chop suey res
taurants The residue after pressing the
oil from the beans Is useful botn as
stock feed and fertilizer.
AS recently as IS years ago the soya
bean and its derivatives was UNKNOWN
in world commerce. It was not even
listed in the Chinese customs classifica-
ton tables. Now 1t Is competing with
silk for FIRST rank among chinas ex-
ports.
of INDUSTRY. Japanese chemists turned
the light Of science upon the humble
bean and discovered one use after an
other for It. In 1910. BY way OF ex.
pertinent, 100 tons were shipped TO Lon:
don. Now the soya bean oil Is used
in the manufacture Of paints. varnishes
and enamels, linoleunn. printers INK,
watefproofing preparations. hiuminat-
ing oils and lubricants. rubber substi-
tutes, synthetic casein. cheese, con-
densed milk, salad dressings. breakfast
foods, crackers and macaroni. lard ana
butter substitutes. cooking oils and even
glycerin and explosives.
Exports Of Beans Mount.