Evening star., 1929-12-15
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ence. It is utterly misleading to enum-
crate the number of HaitiAns killed dur
| ing this caco warfare as a sample OF
Marine rule" in Haiti.
Native Gendarmerie Formed.
On the contrary. after the original
| paciflcation was completed, the Marine
units have been held in reserve against
| eventualities and the actual policing
of the country has been done by the
Garde d'Haiti a native gendarmerie,
80 per cent of the officers of which are
HaitianS and the remainder Marine
| officers loaned to the Haitian govern
ment. During the last half dozen
years it has been perfectly safe for
Haitians or Americans to go anywhere
in Haiti unarmed and without fear OF
molestation.
A second requisite of orderly govern
ment in Haiti was roads. So deficient
was the country in means of communi-
cation in 1915 that it was almost i'm
possible for the Government to exert
its authority at any distance from the
capital.
Roads Connect Towns.
This was not only an invitation to
revolution, but practically precluded
any adequate economical development
Of the resources of the country. Roads
have now been opened up connecting
all the principal towns, and most of
these are now being improved to in
crease their safety and disability.
Public health conditions in the island
were such as might have been expected
under the prevailing political disorgani-
cation. The devastating effects OF dis
ease were everywhere evident. At 1873
clinics last year more than 665 900
treatments were administered. When
it is recalled that the total population
of Haiti is only 100000, the size of
the task facing the Public Health Serv-
ice Is apparent.
The educational system in 1915 was
open to serious criticism, whether it
was Judged by it's method or its results.
Like everything else in the island. it
was a plaything of the politicians. The
treaty of 1916 did not provide for
American advice in the matter of edu-
cation.
1t did, however, provide for Ameri-
can assistance in developing the eco
nomic resources of the country. The
Haitian government and the American
authorities have established q system of
agricultural education under a liberal
Interpretation of this clause.
Foreign Trade Increased.
AS in most countries, the economic
situation is fundamental. Under a sys-
tenn of government which preserves
order, assesses taxes and spends money
honestly, Haitian economy has materi-
ally improved Foreign trade for the
last fiscal year is nearly double that
of 1867, though last year showed a
falling off of 20 per cent from the pre-
vious year.
All of these activities have taken
money. The combination of the eco
nomic development of the country and
an honest administration of its funds
has increased the national revenues by
$50 per cent since 1916. The increase
is only 81 per cent over the govern
mental revenues during the years i'm
mediately preceding the occupation, but
the accomplishments with these rev.
enues has been vastly greater. Haitian
finances today are on an excellent basis
The record under the occupation is
a creditable one. 1t has been made in
the face of considerable difficulty and
has been accompanied by large
amount of criticism and complaint. For
the most part this has come from
Haitian politicians outside the circle
of ONCE holders in the present gov
ernment. President Borno, since his
election in 1922. has carried out a pol
icy of cooperation with the United
States authorities so that official rela-
tionS have been of the best.
Press Feels Heavy Hand.
In the areas Of government not COW
cred by the treaty. however, Borno has
felt it necessary to adopt many meas
ures more in keeping with the Haitian
tradition of government than Is Gesir-
heavy hand and his opponents insist
he is q despot.
1t is an open question whether under
the conditions of Haitian politics any,
thing short of despotism can maintain
itself in power. The fact that Borno
has always been dependent upon the