The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-06-14
new FACTORIES
MAKE TRACTORS
AND MACHINES
The Five Year Plan in
Action

the U.S.S.R. has ratified the plan
= of capital investment in the engi-
neering industry for the fiscal year
of 1929-30. The extent of construc-
ton will considerably surpass the
outline of the five year plan and
compared with the preceding year
it will mark an increase of $50 per
cent, i.e., the capital investment will
be $50 million roubles instead of
$50 million in 1928-29.
Expenditures on reconstruction
md expansion of existing factories
nd plants will amount to 240 mil
on rouhles. Investments in new
construction will amount to IA mil
lion roubles. Foundations will be
laid for SO new factories-24 gen.
eral machine construction works, S
plants for the production of agri-
cultural machines, 6 tool and hard
VIZ e factories and 5 chipbuilding
yards.
Among the new factories and
works there will be several giant
plants. Among these will be the
automobile factory in Nizhni-Nov-
gorod which will cost 64,600,000
roubles.
1t is particularly worth mention
ing the construction of another trac-
tor factory in the Urals which will
cost 60 million roubles and the plan
to build another automobile factory
especially for the production of trac
tor lorries.
The value of the SO plants will
be 666,500,000 roubles.
In the Villages.
The system of concluding govern
ment contracts with peasants con-
corning their crops which has until
recently been applied only to certain
raw material agricultural products,
has lately become widely in vogue
in all branches of agriculture.
This year all cotton and beet crops
have been contracted and also a con-
siderable part of the flax, oil seeds
and various other technical crops.
Contracts on grain crops have for
the first time been tried last year
when 4,752,000 hectares of spring
and winter crops were contracted.
Contracts are concluded by the
state through the agricultural CO.
operatives with whole villages or
large groups of peasants which
undertake to deliver to the state the
marketable part of their corps On
certain definite conditions. At the
same time the contracts make it
obligatory for the peasants to in
troduce certain modern forms of ag-
rlculture. They have to clean the
seeds, introduce better methods of
cultivation of land, they have to use
selected seeds on a large scale and
in many cases, if contracts are made
Tor many years, entire districts are
rearranged, proper crop rotations
are introduced and social cultiva.
ton and harvesting is organized.
The benefit of the contract sys-
'em is greatly appreciated by the
peasants as experience shows them
that the selected seeds provided by
the state are giving good results.
In 1928 the agricultural co-opera-
tives have covered an area of one
million hectares with selected seeds
by means of the contract system.
The farms using selected seeds had
a yield so per cent better than the
others.
As a result the contract system is
constantly widening its influence.
This year about Is million hectares
have been contracted which will
bring about one-third of the market
able grain to TIE state. Toward the
end of May 11,500,00O hectares of
the spring crop had already been con
tracted of which about 100000 hec-
tares is wheat.
More than 21a million hectares of !
choice crops alone have been con-
tracted This together with the con-
tracted winter crops 100000 hec-
tares) will give a minimum of 16
million cwts. of choice grain. It cen
be definitely forecast that the great
object undertaken by the govern
ment to replace the ordinary seeds
used by the peasc--.,,- by selected
seeds will be accomplished before
the term.
The contract system hastens the
development of agriculture and its
reorganization on a higher technical
level. This is borne out by the
rapid increase in the areas cultivat-
ing cotton, sugar beets, ETC., in the
cultivation of which the contract
system has been applied in the
course of several years. This is also
borne out by the fact that almost
the entire population engaged in
the cultivation of these crops is or
gasnized in co-operatives and that
the application of modern methods I
is making swift Roadway.
4 Petty agriculture thus gives way
to cooperative farming and the sale
of farm products in advance in ac-
cordance with the plans of the gov
eminent.
Radio Stations.
One of the most powerful radio
stations of Europe us klwt. in the
antenna) has been completed in one
of the Leningrad factories. It Maa