davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-13
WISCONSIN c. O.P.
IN FRACTIONAL WAR
Strife Between Conserva-
tives and Progressives De-
yeIops Criminal Charges.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated FTeSS.
MADISON, Wis, February 13.-War-
fare between progressive and conser-
vative wings of the Republican party
of Wisconsin flared up again yesterday
when Special States Attorney Arthur
Barry recommended criminal action
against a group of leaders of the former
faction, including Joseph d. Beck, de-
fcated candidate for governor.
The recommendation was contained
In a report submitted to Judge S. B,
Schein of Superior Court, following
conclusion of an investigation con-
Quoted by Mr.. Barry which, he SAID,
revealed violation of the State corrupt
practices act in connection with cam
paign expenditures,
Those named besides Beck are Henry
Huber, lieutenant governor; Theodore
Dammann. secretary Of State; John w.
REYNOLDS. attorney general; Samuel Sig
man, secretary of the Progressive party;
publishers of the Capital Times, Pro-
gressive organ, and Richard Lee, an
attorney.
Barry asked that testimony brought
out during the inquiry regarding ex-
penditures incident to United states
Senator Robert NJ. La Follette's cam
committee IN Washington for iIlvesti-
cation.
Sl31,191 Campaign Fund Revealed.
The testimony of the investigation,
Barry said, revealed that $131 1923
had been expended in behalf of Beck,
Huber, Dammann, Reynolds and La
Toilette.
Sigman was drawn into the charges
because he is alleged to have "maneu-
vered the accounts and reports OF the
Progressive committee, with its consent
to make them conform to the corrupt
practices act The amount expended
would indicate that each candidate used
approximately $4,000 in the campaign,
the report said. The State law permits
the expenditures of only $4,000 for
United States senatorial candidate, and
$500 for candidates for lieutenant
governor, secretary of State and attor-
ney general. The charge against the
Capital-Times was based on the publ
cation in a special edition of the news
paper in which the election of Pro-
gressives was advocated. The Progress
sives did not file a report showing the
amount expended in the publication or
upon whom the burden of the expense
fell.
Lee Refuses Information.
Lee was held liable for prosecution
because he refused to divulge the adj
dresses of nine persons who were re-
ported in the report of campaign ex-
penditures filed with the secretary OF
State as contributors.
Legal skirmishes between progressives
and conservatives over alleged excessive
campaign expenditures have character
ICED the political situation in Wisconsin
since the primary election last Septem-
ber Action against Gov. Walter ].
Kol1ler, conservative leader, is pending.
Progressives are seeking to GUST him
from Office for alleged violation of the
Corrupt practices act and have sue
ceeded in bringing the case into Sheboy- |
gan County Court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01
LabOr's UnsOlved Problems
New Troubles Of a chine o

taught to operate these machines In
fact, at this writing that is just what
is being done. High school girls as
trike-breakerS are taking the places of
grown women on such machines. Is the
miracle of machinery nothing more than
that? Is it merely a hideous device
that sends men away idle and puts
children in the work places in their
stead?
Another example: President Green
has told of an inspection of railroad
yard where the new car-retarding de-
vice takes the place of SWitchmen. He
explains that half dozen men now do
what nearly 100 used to do. Car
switching was always a hazardous job.
1t is good to remove men from that
hazard if there is work for them else
where. But where do the 80 who are
displaced find new work? Our records
are filled with cases of men who go
from skilled tasks out onto the long,
hard road that leads finally to lasting
insecurity and poorly-paid jobs, hopeless
as to ever climbing back to the pride
Of a job that takes skill and pays good
wages.
Examples abound. I imagine that
there is not single large industrial
plant in the United States in which at
some time each month a machine does
not come in because it can do more
work with fewer men in attendance
With one blow the talking film sent
thousands of musicians into idleness.
The Mass Suffers.
am aware of the fact that read
JuStments are made, and that out of
the shifting and shifted mass many
lind better work, more agreeable work.
more remunerative work than they had.
But those fortunates are the exceptions.
1t is not SO with the masses.
I am aware, too, that some authori-
ties point to the growth of what may
be called servicing jobs. For instance.
machines make vacuum cleaners and
iceless refrigerators, and there must be
service men to keep these in operation.
The answer to that is there is always a
man between displacement and replace
ment, and replacement when it comes
Is generally down the economic scale,
not up, as it should be unless we are to
abandon progress as our rule of life
Masses of men and women are moving
from security and comfort out into I'M
certainty and thence down to lower
levels of life. Because the tide has just
begun to run heavy in this direction,
the floating mass has not yet begun to
be startlingly visible to the casual OBJ
server, but those whose life is in and
of the world of work and workers know
that the current is running strong and
something must be done.
Solution Is Necessary.
What is to be done? First, the hui
man race will survive, with or without
machines. We are not here to go back
work without protest. But there must
be something more statesmarlike thar
mere protest, though protest undoubt-
eddy must come first to arouse interest
Continued on Fifth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

President OF the American Federation OF Labor.
T HE last 10 years have been recorded as
period of unparalleled prosperity, but
even though our industries have in
n creased their output more than 465 per
cent and our per capita productivity more
than 53.5 per cent, there are thousands who
have felt the pinch of actual want either be-
cause they could not get employment or because
they could get only part-time work.
The matter Of unemployment used to be
looked on with sympathy and regret, but it was
regarded as primarily matter which concerned
the poor wage Garner. But great change has
come in the attitude toward this problem Of
unemployment. Advertising firms, sales agen-
cies, distributing firms, retail and department
stores all eagerly watch employment data. They
know wage earners constitute the great majority
of purchasers Prof. Tugwell has said they con-
stitute Sc per cent of all buyers of goods
In other words, practical business men have
found out that they cannot continue to produce
unless there are buyers. Factories are not oper-
ating just to supply the needs OF those whose
incomes are in the IS 900 class over. Mass
production requires mass buyers. The masses
are wage earners whose incomes depend upon
having jobs.
Part-Time Work No Help.
It is not enough just to have job part of
the time. The man or the woman who has only
part-tirIe job will be able to buy only essential
food and clothing and will not raise his or her
standard of living to include variety, the COM
forts Of life and the new inventions. Such
workers cannot do their part as customers in
maintaining prosperity, for we must always
remember there are two sides to prosperity
production and consumption.
Formerly we focused attention financing
production. 1t is apparent now that sustained
production is so interdependent on markets and
consumers that the world is beginning to dis
cover what trade unions have been pointing to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01
RY MATTHEW WOLL.

n
Vice President American Federation OF
Labor, President Union Labor Lie 1nsuf-
ance Co.
Y ABOR comes to the observance
of another milestone this Labor
day with far more than an ordi-
IL nary record of progress achieved
and recorded on the credit side
of the ledger, but with catalogue OF
unsolved problems that is, to say the
least, formidable.
It is the purpose here to deal with the
unsolved problems and not record the
progress, proud though l am OF tnat
While we have forged ahead in num-
bers, in the attainment OF better WORK
ing conditions and improved wages our
ing the year, and while am connoenC
that we have vastly strengthened our
position in the, confidence of the masses
of the people. the year, as I see 1t, has
been notable and dramatic chiefly lot
the fact that it has plunged us mucn
nearer to the heart of problems that
are daily changing the lives OF thou
sands, if not millions, and that press
for attention, understanding and our
best effort at solution.
New Worries of Today.
Every trade union leader is worried
by problems that worried MN much
less a wear ago and that did not worry
him at all 10 years ago. Moreover,
those who do not care to be dog1natlc
will agree with me, think, in the as
sertion that about the best we can DO
Immediately regarding these problems is
to locate them, study them frankly,
discuss them, seek to bring good Will 10
bear upon them, try to understand them,
and out of as much understanding as we
can get plus good will and mutual con-
f1dence seek to subject them to reason.
What I mean is that see no ready
made solution that will go all the way
in meeting the great issues OF the day.
1 see principles, however, that may be
applied in accord with which think
we can work.
In this discussion I shall make no at
tempt to list all of our unSolved prob
lens, for I think almost nothing is yet
finally solved. Perhaps for my incom-
pleteness and my lack of absolute assur--
ance shall bring down upon my head
the criticisms of the intellectual whose
task it is to criticize and to be sure
about all matters, but that Is unavoid-
able. We have that when we are sure
as well as when we are not sure.
The Machines Work.
First among the great problems of
this hour put without hesitation the
problem of what the machine is doing
to workers and what workers can do
about the machine. BY the machine I
mean the great collection Of automatic
and semi-automatic machinery that is
rolling and grinding and crunching and
rafting its way all down the industrial
line. throwing men and women aside
as if they were so many rag dolls, leav-
ing them where they fall to sink or
swim, to perish where they fall or to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

for long time-the principle of high wages.
In recent big financial crises trade unions have
pointed out that to reduce wages only added
to the forces pulling toward depression, and
that high wages were an upward or prosperity
force. But until better management found ways
TO control tendencies the business world was
more or less fatalistic about business crises.
When management had made progress in find
ing the principles of control. trade unions began
to get hearing for their high wage principle
until now feel justified in stating that the
principle is accepted
To get a principle accepted is progress, but
there is also the problem of getting it put into
practical application. The general payment of
high wages the Federation feels to be definitely
a part of the unemployment problem.
Reporting on Unemployment.
When in 1927 repeated reports of growing IN
employment came into the headquarters of the
American Federation of Labor we planned =
system of unemployment reporting from "a in
dustrial centers. Each month the Federation
sends to the secretaries of local unions in these
principal industrial centers postcard on which
he is to fill in the number of members belong
ing to his union and the number unemployed
Despite the difficulties of getting complete and
accurate reporting, we feel that these unemploy
ment reports published each month in the
american FederaliSt' are an important index
to unemployment among trade unionsts This
index shows that there IS always unemploy
ment and that the unemployment is greater for
building tradesmen than for printing trades,
metal trades and other craftsmen. 1t shows
that unemployment has been less in the first
six months Of 1929 than it was in the first half
of 1929 This tendency is confirmed by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

topple along to some other haven. Ma
chine displacement and replacement
constitutes a tremendous issue-fresh,
large, dramatic, tragic.
The new machine comes into the
shop. It is generally thing of beauty.
Set in motion, it runs on, tireless. efi-
cient, heartless, yet miraculous creator
of good things. We must find way to
make of 1t an unmixed blessing. And
while the problem of the machine had
it's beginning as far back as colonial
days, it has within the year assumed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

new and amazing proportions, and it
demands action.
Consider an example or two. All
cigars were once made by hand. Dis
ease, particularly tuberculosis, came
often to cigar factories. The workers
were skilled and sensitive. A fast ma
chine now makes cigars. It can be and
is operated by girls. The men go out.
In many cases the girls also go out be-
cause the wages are too low. Other
girls come in at the lowest possible
wage. Now high school girl can be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

index to factory employment compiled by the
Federal Reserve Board.
There has never been time when some I'M
employment did not exist, and there have been
various estimates of the volume of unemploy
ment which exists in normal times. Because
We have no national employment service and
records Of those looking for jobs, We have no
way of knowing the exact size of this so-called
normal unemployment. 1t constitutes always q
downward pull and is potential menace. As
in 1928, it suddenly mounted in size until 1t
threatened prosperity and compelled attention.
Then, and only then, did We begin to realize
the presence of an important new unemploy-
ment Observation-Disclosures unemployment.
The Machine Age.
Since 1919 we have been making eXtraordi-
nary technical progress and have been applying
this new knowledge on an extensive scale III
a number of industries. Steel has been intro
ducing new methods and amchinery. Where
sixty were employed to cast pig iron under old
methods seven can now do the same work: two
men can load as much pig iron as formerly
required 1913; where 40 were formerly needed
in operating open hearth furnaces one is now
sufficient Fifteen years ago it required from a
DAY and half to three days to turn out pair
of locomotive tires; now six pairs of tires can
be turned out in eight hours by the same
work group. Automatic plating machines
able three workers to do the work of seven.
A tram rail crane enables three men to do the
work of %: five men with tractors can replace
43 men working as crane leaders. With con-
veyors five men can in one day do three days
work
Productivity figures are equally startling. The
same work group that produced 100 rubber tires
during given period in 1914 could produce 81
tires in the same time in 1925. Similar gains
have been ind other industries. In the
manufacture of automobiles, including bodies
and parts, the 100 figure of 1914 had been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01
MAILING WALL is SACRED
TO MOSLEMS In PALESTINE
But Also TO the Jews and the Conflict
Over Its Use Is Symbolic OF the
Unrest in Palestine.
BY CEDRIC WORTH.

TINE Prophet Mohammed rent
to the top OF a great rock in
a sacred place in Jerusalem
Il and there he mounted his
Eoreo Al P,roo ,rJ,ioI b1,I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-09-01

Continued on Fifth Page.)
The Washington times., 1929-01-30
5TUDEBAKER q
AWARDED Il
RECORDS

The International Association Of
Recognized Automobile Clubs in
Raris, through the American Auto
mobile Association, has just an
nounced the award Of six additional
world records and fifteen additional
international records for sustained
speed and endurance to the Stude-
baker President Eight.
The world records were estAb-
hshed during the President Fights
sensational run of 80 900 miles on
the Atlantic City Speedway last
summer. New international rec
ords awarded include the perform
ance OF the President Eight roadster
which averaged S5.2 miles per hour
Tor 1000 miles on the same track
last November.
Distances from 10000 to AZ, 900
kilometers are covered by the new
world records, Of which Studebaker
now holds total of eleven, five
having been previously awarded.
The average speeds maintained to
win these new world marks range
from 110.4 kilometers per hour for
10000 kilometers to 1923 kilometers
per hour for $1,000 kiIometers.
Fifteen additional class B interna-
tional records for cars with piston
displacement from 5000 to 5000
cubic centimeters were officially
accredited to Studebaker following
n detailed check made in Paris OF
the American AutomobiIe Associa-
tion's timing tape, which recorded
every lap OF the four cars partici-
pating in the tests. Studebaker now
holds a total of twenty-three such
records, eight having been previ-
ously awarded by the International
racing authority.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

as chairman OF the foreign trade
committee OF the National Automo.
bile Chamber Of Commerce, I was
struck BY q note or internAtioualism
that has entered the field Of auto,
motive design. This IL something
new.
Not 90 long ago, a person only
casually familiar with automobiles
could identify an American car, q
French car, an italian ora German
cam an English or q Belgian car at
glance. Now. however, the cars Of
practically ali countries closely con.
form to the fundamental principles
Of sound design. And fundamentals
Of good design are no different Ia
one country than they are in an.
other.
Color Lines the Same
This international conformity
means, to me at least, that the
worlds automotive artists have
achieved an ideal in proportion, in
balance, i'm the execution of Hines and
curves, in the handling or colors.
Conformity to an art ideal does
not mean that all cars must look
alike, any more than that all.
paintings must look alike or that
all pieces of good music must
sound alike. The i1ternafionaIism
In automobile style, trend does fndi.
cate, however, that American and,
foreign designers have come to 4
mutual basis Of understanding Of
what is beautiful in motor driven
vehicle.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

In the last half century, now
ever. Americans have abundantiy
achieved their necessities. Food,
shelter and clothing have been won
M plenty. OF recentt years the
American people, as q nation, have
coune to emulate older civilizations.
Having gained their necessities, they
have turned to Iuxuries and culture
The comparatively new appre-
citation Of art, in its best ana truest
sense. il reflected everywhere In
the national life; in the homes, the
gardens. the furniture, the dress,
II EVERYTHING that American people
use.
Among the proudest possession.
OF the typical American family y
its motor car, or cars. A. man is
known by the car he keeps. and BY
the way he keeps II. Little Won-
der. then. that art has fairly burst
its way into the intensely practical
and mechanical field Of the auto
motive industry.
The mechanical genius u as much
of a prize on an automobile engi-
neering staff as he ever was Dut
n these days a genius IN artistic
design il one Of the star con-
tributors to the success Of an auto.
motive creation. Practical America
wants cars that will perform. But
further. America insists upon having
performing cars Of beautiful and
artistic design.
During a recent tour OF europe,
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

week. Tonight Rudolph Jose viii
address the radio audience of Station
WMAL on Automobile Safety in.
1922 Musical numbers also will
be included in the program as an
nouneed today.
The schedule Of show hours re-
mains as announced, with the
Auditorium throwing open its doors
promptly at 1870 each afternoon
and closing at 1880 ait night.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30
CROWDS ON OPENING DAYS
SHATTER ALL EXPECTATIONS
Of DEALER COMMITTEES

With attendance record certainty and with the
interest Of the crowds greater and clearly manifest than
ever before the annual automobile show held under
the auspices Of the Washington Automoty Trade Association
at the Washington Auditorium has reached the halfway mark
in its triumphal week Between and the close of the
show on Saturday February 2 it is the conviction Of the
show committee all previous attendance records will have
fallen by the waysde and that the show will have registered
new peak level the matter Of material success for the
knnd dna1nrc
The Washington times., 1929-01-30
)BILE EXHIBIT BREAKS ALL PREVIOUS RECORDS HERE;
Auto s Style Trend
International
BY JOHN N. WILLYs
vsv4nl9ient wtllxr-tlvegIand csrnnany

Cultural advances made by the American people during the
so years have evoked interest and surprise among the
older nations Prior the Civil War American who called
himself an artist who pretended appreciation OF art
the better word.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30
Tennis Enthusiast Does
10000 Miles in Pontiac

w. Clegg Butt. Of Beverly Hills,
IA Wimbledon lawn tennis official,
recently returned from 10-months'
tour Of Europe In his 1925 Pontiac
sedan which had piled up 10000
miles before the trip abroad.
business property invested. in to-day
Will Yield desirable hIvidends tOaov-
ROW, see the many attractive offers
listed In taday's Classified Ads.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

Harris Ewine
Mr.. O'Day has served witt
StudebaIxer for seven years an6
for the past eighteen months has
been Salesn1ahager of StudebaIker.
He has resigned TO become general
manager Of the MayFI0wer Motors
Inc. LEGAL ueSotO distributors.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

is
foolish
inevitable
heehe- e-ieebe Xxx 4 /.
The Washington times., 1929-01-30

Nash has combined three great principles of motor
design rum igsitios, bigb cowtrsa;os andss9les-
is,beaA
In the air. this type Of motor Is winning the honors
"A sOis-igsitios, b,gb co1prsssiOs, pslSe- ba1a
motor carried Lindbergh to Paris, Byrd over the
Pole, Goebel to Hawaii. I.
Now. for the FIRST dime, Mash makes this mors eff.