davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-07-25

They set up tent colonies, always
the workers answer to mass evic-
tons, as in Gastonia.
Tents AS Pickets
At Ludlow; where they struck
against the Colorado Fuel and Iron
Co., the colony stood on the plain
just north of the junction of the
branch line to the mines in the can
yon, and the main line of the Colo
RADIO & Southern R. r. The tents
themselves acted as automatic
pickets to strike breakers brought
in on the railroad without notice of
strike situation.
The armed scabs and mine guards
used to come up from the mines on
the hill slopes over the colony and
take long range shots at it with
their rifles. The strikers were
armed, and answered in kind. There
were a series of skirmishes, then a
pitched battle, on Oct. %.
Governor Ammons of Colorado
sent in the militia to "disarm both
Sides" They disarmed many of the
strikers, then new group of mine
guards was imported, and armed
with the strikers surrendered wea-
pons. Militia commander General
John Chase instituted a secret mill
tary court, and began to arrest hun.
dreds of the strikers for trial be-
fore it. Habeas corpus was laugh
ed at. The militia objected as they
did at Gastonia, and were similarly
withdrawn, two new militia COM
panies being formed of mine guards,
as in Gastonia deputy police took
the place of the regular militia.
| Sunday, April 10, was big Greek
holiday, and the Ludlow camp, with
many Greeks in it, celebrated. A
squad of eight armed soldiers tried
to break up ball game in which
the women played the married men.
One of the militiamen leaving said /:
"All right, grille, you have your fun
today, we'll have ours tomorrow"
Try to Save Non Combatants
The next day, the strike leader,
Louis Tikas, was enveigled to a point
halfway between the strikers camp
and the militia camp in the hills.
Seeing the militia advancing Tikas
rushed back. All the armed men in
the camp, about 40, marched out;
with battle coming they wished it
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-07-25
Tents and Murder The Ludlow Massacre
BY Fred Ellis

you to take out" Thirty-four men,
women and children altogether had
been killed in the tent colony.
Tikas Murdered.
Linderfelt's men found Louis Tt
kas running to them, empty handed
Che never carried gum and beg
ging for the lives of the helpless
women and children they were
slaughtering. They took him pris-
oner up the railroad track, and in
the morning his body lay there, skull
crushed, and three bullets in him.
Godfrey Irwin, an electrical engi-
neer working for the Electric Trans
portation R.R and Gas Co. of Trini-
dad, was taking a walk and ran into
the fight. He wrote in the New
York World, of May 5, that he saw
Lieutenant Linderfelt take rifle
and smash Tika's head, then the
gunner with Linderfelt walked
away few steps, turned, and fired
volley at Tika's PROSTATE body.
at was the first murder l had ever
SEEM" wrote Irwin.
Take it all around, it was a really
perfect raid on tent colony, the
ideal and model of every other raid.
The Gastonia police, raiding the
strikers tent colony there on June Z
were not able to come up to the
mark. There were armed men in
the Gastonia colony, not just help
less women and children, as in Lud-
low, and the Gastonia raid did not
attain the success that was had in
Ludlow by the bosses.
To destroy the strikers tent col
ony outright, and to kill strike lead
ers Immediately without any fussy
and long-drawn trial, is the object
Of such raids. In Ludlow they got
Louis Tikas. But in Gastonia the
frame-up will have to be resorted to.
They did not manage to kill Fred
Beal with gunfire. They now rely
on the electric chair.
Even in Ludlow, however, some
strike leaders were spared-for the
frame-up.
Framing Lawson.
John Lawson, miners leader, was
sentenced, June, 1915, to life i'm
prisonment for the death of one
Baldwin Feltz detective, who was
shot in one of the innumerable fights
of the time, by whom, nobody knows.
Lawson and other miners leaders
were indicted by a packed grand
jury-such fragrant case that an
outside judge quashed the indict-
ments.
Informations were sought by the
Rockefeller prosecutors and OBJ
tanned. A special, retroactive law,
introduced by Rockefeller's state
senator, Hayden was rushed through
Rockefeller's state legislature, es-
tablishing special court for these
cases and the governor appointed
one CRANKY Hillyer, a Rockefeller
partisan, to try them. The attor-
ney-general of the state acted as
prosecutor. The jury was picked
from an already hand-picked panel
summoned by the Rockefeller sher-
iff, simply selected by him from
among men who were loyal to
Rockefeller. One juryman was
heard to boast, that he would "either
hang the dogs or lang the jury"
A man named Zancanelli was
framed through first, then Lawson.
Lawson was tried in Los Animas
County. He was given life term.
The evidence was absolutely negli-
BILE With such machine operat-
ing, evidence was not needed.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-07-25
By VERN SMITH.

At Holy Grove, West Virginia, IN
1913, the coal fields there and
around in the neighborhood were
the scene of a miners strike against
such conditions as Quoting the tes-
timony before the senate investi-
eating committee): "Check weigh
man guaranteed by law but not al
lowed the miners "Men paid in
scrip which they could not cash."
Men discharged and put out of
their houses as fast as talked union
ism," Mail burned by store man.
ager," "Men not allowed to approach
post office on company property"
Machine guns and guards turned
on peaceful crowd coming from
meeting" etc.
In the strike, the evicted miners
set up a tent colony at Holly
Grove.
Quinn Morton, the largest coal
operator at Kanawaha Valley, on the
night of Feb. 7, 1913, took out an
armored train, used by the militia,
loaded machine gunners and 80
Baldwin Fe1tz detectives on it, and
toured past Holly Grove pouring
bullets into the tent colony. One
miner, Estep, was killed; a woman
died of wounds; 16 more were
wounded. 1t was merely the most
spectacular of several such shoot
ings from the armored train, usually
known as the "Bull Moose Special"
Training For Ludlow.
But the perfect raid on a tent
colony, from the employers point of
view, came the next year, when
these same Baldwin Feltz riflemen,
who had been practising from the
moving train in West Virginia, were
called out to Ludlow, Colorado, by
Mr.. Rockefeller.
The miners of the Rockefeller
barony in Colorado were talking
strike all through the summer of
1914, and there were several small
strikes.
Conditions in Rockefeller's Colo
RADIO Fuel and Iron Co. coal towns
were uncomfortable. The nine and
ten-hour workday for men under
ground prevailed. Wages were low.
No checks weighman was allowed,
and the miners were consistently
cheated on their coal weights. The
towns were owned by Rockefeller,
and all had to patronize the COM
pany store and the company doctor;
single men had to stay in the COM
pany boarding house. The water
came from the mine, and was full
of refuse, bits of coal, hay, alfalfa
and manure from the draft stock
underground.
Baldwin Feltz Guards
Rockefeller's managers knew of
this strike talk, and had plenty of
labor spies on the ground, armed
guards hired from the Baldwin Feltz
detective and strike breaking
agency. These company gunner
killed several men before the strike
Started, the first to fall was Gerald
Lippiat, shot dead August 6 on the
main street of Trinidad, Colo, (near
Ludlow by two Baldwin Feltz men,
Beleher and Belk. Men were dis
charged as a result of spy work
three months before that. The
strike in this area started Sept. 90,
1914.
The companies, following the lead
of the Rockefellers, had imported
more armed guards the week before
Miners families were evicted,
thrown out into the snow, even
though the miners owned their own
houses in most cases, these houses
stood on company ground. The
towns were fenced off and guarded
Miners were not allowed even to
come in for their mail, and the post
offices were were on company prop
erty.
! From The Brass Check" Sinclair.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-07-25

The GastOnia Textile Workers
trial starts July 20! Twenty-three
workers face electrocution or
prison terms! Rally all forces to
save them. Defense and Relief
Week July 27-August 3! Sign
the Protest Roll! Rush funds to
international Labor Defense, 80
East 18th Street, New York.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
TELEPHONE OPERATOR
DIES SICK

CLEVELAND, May 10. ID
Among the bravest heroines Of the
Cleveland clinic disaster was Gladys
Gibson OF Cleveland, a telephone
operator at the clinic. who deliber-
ately faced her death while send
ing out alarms. and who died soon
after in a hospital.
The brave telephone girl saw
death approaching In the form Of
a CHASTITY yellow poison gas. but she
stayed at her exchange board max
ing heroic efforts TO warn everyone
in the clinic Of their danger, and to
rally police, firemen and ambu-
lanceS.
Faster than ever before in her
life she worked. plugging in socket
after socket in the switchboard. as
she set all telephones in the clinic
to ringing madly their alarm Of
death.
Finally the heroic girl collapsed.
Someone carried her out. and soon
she died in the hospital.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
PHYSICIANS DO NOT
AGREE o GAS

CLEVELAND. May 16.-tP=Phy-
sicians of the Cleveland clinic.
rocked by two explosions of gas
which killed more than 100 persons.
were unable to agree with authori-
ties and other doctors intereted in
the calamity upon the name of the
poisonous fumes which worked their
way in the building.
Bromine. phoSgene and nitrous
gases all we're given as causes Of
the tragedy. Prof. Walter Straub.
twice winner Of the Nobel prize for
medical achievement. declared he
believed nitrous gases caused by
combustion did the havoc. He was
supported by Or. William K. Low
err. director of the clinic. DR.. M. T..
Bland Of Mount Sinai hospital, said
examination OF bodies gave traces
of phoSgene gas and city health
commissioner. III. T.. Lockwood.
leaned to a theory OF bromine gas
generated in burning x-ray film
which caused the explosion.
Coroner "A. j. Pearse added the
possibility OF hydrocyanic gas.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
AZTEC CLUB BEING
MADE UP-TO-DATE
Especial to TIE Heraldl

EDINBURG. May l6.-The Aztec
club in ReynQsa. Mexico. Is under
going a complete renovation. j. Mas
sar. who owns part interest in the
club announced Wednesday while In
Edinburg.
New fixtures. hanEings and deco
rations are being provided and plans
for a new floor In the dance hall are
being made. The entire building
will be repainted inside and out, MFR.
Nassau declared. and made up-tc-
date in every way.
More than. $4,000 has been allotted
for the improvements.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
SIX INVESTIGATIONS
OF BLAST d WAY

CLEVELAND. May 16.-P-Six
Investigations Of the explosion n
fire at the Cleveland clinic yester-
day we're under way today with the
cause OF the blast still a mystery.
Governor Cooper marshalled the
states entire investigating agencies
and five local groups of officials
began their own inquiries.
All Investigations centered on the
unknown mishaps which touched of
a supply Of X-ray films in the base
ment storage room and engulfeo
the building in a penetrating cioud
Of poisonous gas and flames.
Officials were attempting to as
certain whether all precautions were
liberated and just how the strug-
Cling men and women. fighting for
air met their death. Combustion
was also considered.
Drs. George w. Grille and William
<. Lower, directors Of the clinic,
said they had mo exact knowledge
of how the disaster occurred" DIR.
Lower. who said that probably the
victims we're "suffocated by nitrous
peroxide gas" said every precau-
ton which the clinic could have
taken to prevent the tragedy had
been taken"
state and city fire wardens. a
committee appointed by City Man
ager w. r.. Hopkins, and the county
coroner's office searched the build
ing and questioned survivors in an
effort TO fix responsibility for the
catastrophe.
Several reports were circulated
concerning ignition OF the x-ray
films. One was that a steam fit
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16

Iroquois theater fire. Chicago,
December 80. 1903. SIS dead.
Conway'S theater fire. Brooklyn
N. Y. Dec. 5, 1876. 295 dead.
Rhodes opera house fire. Boyer
tona. Pa. January Is. 1908. ITO dead.
Triangle factory fire. New York.
May IS. 1911. l48 dead.
Chemical plant explosion. near
Pittsburgh, May 8. 1918, 100 dead.
Factory explosion. Morgan, N. j..
Oct. S. 1918, almost 100 dead.
Knickerbocker theater collapse.
Washington. January %, 1922. 81
dead.
Exeter tkeater fire, New York.
Sept. 5, 1897, rs dead.
Theater panic. Calumet. Mich.
December "a, 1913. ~ dead.
Theater disaster. Richmond. Va,
December 26, 1911. IS dead.
Prayers opera house fire, Seattle,
1889, 20 dead.
Front Street theater fire. Balti-
more. December 81. 1895, q dead.
Naval arsenal explosion. Lake
Denmark. N. j., July 10. 1926, %
dead
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
WRONG. ADDRESS;
= = =
AMBULANCE MAN
r. y y
NO MIND READER

Rush an ambulance to Twelfth
and Elizabeth. There's been an
accidentl Hurry" said an agitat-
ed feminine voice over the tele-
phone to r. z. Morris. of the Nor
ris mortuary. Wednesday evening.
Mr.. Morris rushed. But when
he arrived at the given address
he found traffic pursuing the even
tenor of its way, and no one had
heard Of the accident. Slightly
puzzled. he returned hoVe. and
finding no further information
had been received. gave up. He
later learned there had been an
accident at the corner of Twelfth
and Elizabeth. in West Browns
vile. though no one IA seriously
injured.
And that's a reason the ambu-
lance drivers Join with the fire de-
partment in a plea for correct ad-
dresses. and both tell doleful tales
of hunting the fire or the acct
dent from West Brownsville to
town, and vice versa.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16

Cleveland: Miss Bertha Keminsky,
Akron, Ohio; Mrs. Sam Kornisiski.
Lakewood; William Kuester. Cleve-
land: Henry Lane. Cincinnati, Ohio:
Mrs. Julia LieUba, address unknown:
DR.. Charles r. Locke. Cleveland
Heights. brain specialist at clinic:
Frances Logan, Euclid Village. G. III.
Long. Barberton. Ohio: Mrs. G.. III.
Long, Barberton. Ohio; Mrs. Fred
Long. Parsons, w. Va: Mrs. Hope
Maddler. youngstown. Ohio: Mary
r. Markell. Madison. Ohio; Clifford
Z. Markell. Madison. Ohio: Miss Sue
Matz. Rochester. NJ. ". nurse at
clinic: Miss Margaret McKenna.
East Cleveland: Ello Moeller. Elyria.
Ohio: Charles Moore. Cleveland:
Miss Edith Morgan. Youngstown;
Mrs. w. G. Mulcahy, Cleveland: Mrs
Florence +. Mullen. Cleveland; Miss
Helen O'Connell. Elyria. Ohio; Mrs.
Mary O'Keefe. Rome, Ca: Miss Lit
Ia Perkins. Lyndhurst. executive
secretary Of clinic: DR.. John Phil
lips. co-founder Of clinic and n of
its directors: Miss Meta Primo. ad-
dress unknown; Miss Anna May
Pugh, Cleveland. private secretary
at the clinic: John Ralston. Wells
vile. Ohio. patient; Mrs. Mary Ra-
mask, East Cleveland. patient. James
I. Rees, South Euclid. Ohio; Mrs.
James T. Reese, South Euclid. Ohio:
Mrs. Frances Rich. New Brunswick,
N. j.; Miss Mary Richards, Ashta-
bula. Ohio: Patrick Rogers. Cleve-
land, iceman: William T. Rogers.
Cleveland; Paul Roquemore. East
Dallas. Texas; Molly Rothschild,
Cleveland; G. K. Scherbarth, Lake
wood; Mrs. G. Z. Scherbarth. Lake
Wood; Mrs. Theodore Schill. Pitts
burgh, Pa: Luella Schoen. Youngs-
town; Miss Frances Sertelle,
unknown: Miss Frances Sertelle.
Cleveland; Charles Sewald. Will
Transport. Pa: Mrs. Elizabeth Sex
auer. Akron. Ohio: Miss Mary
Schaeffer, East Cleveland; Mrs. Al
ma Sherman. Cleveland; J. Barker
Smith, secretary and general man.
ager OF the Cleveland Athletic club;
w. l.. Spellman. Forest. Ohio; Mrs.
Charles Stage. Cleveland: Mrs. Anna
Stahl, Youngstown. Ohio: Mrs. Ma
zie Steele. Erie. Pa; Harry Stein
berg. Denver. Colo; George Strap.
Cleveland. fireman; Miss Julia Sur
bra. Cleveland: Ferico T~angledo,
Minnesota: Adam Tight; Sandusky.
Ohio: Arthur Tight, Sandusky.
Ohio; DR.. Vandusen. address I'M
known: Charles Valid, Cleveland;
Mrs. Nixon Walford. Emlenton. Pa;
John Ward, Cleveland; Mrs. May
Warden. East Cleveland. nurse in
x-ray department Of clinic; Mrs.
May Washby. East Liverpool. Ohio;
Ruth Wildey. Boulder, Colo: en-
ploye: Blanche Young. employe of
clinic: Miss Mabel Young, East
Cleveland.
One unidentified woman; DR.. F.
r. Langtson. Indiana; Miss Helen
REM. Cleveland: Frances Logan,
Cleveland: Miss Porter. address I'M
known: Oscar Bielfhelt. address I'M
known: Max Engelman. Cleveland;
Agnes Logan. Cleveland: Mary Null
len. Cleveland: Miss Margaret Null
len. Cleveland: Samuel Nuccio,
Cleveland; Miss Minnie Pontius,
Cleveland; Miss Laura Roberts,
Cleveland: Raymond +. Ross, Ash
land. Ohio: Nixon Walford. Emblem
ton. Pa; Mr.. Shaw. address I'M
known.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
Even 100 Cars Of
Tomatoes and Corn
Shipped Wednesday

With shipments from the Valley
Wednesday OF lis cars. tomatoes
and green corn accounted for an even
100 cars. Other shipments included
both cabbage and potatoes.
The shipments we're mixed veg
etables 0 cars. tomatoes 63 ventilated
and 8 refrigerated. green corn %.
carrots 2. cabbage !. parsley 2, and
potatoes 1.
This brings the total movement
for the season to 81 ,825 cars Of which
1877 we're citrus fruit. The figures
on the same date last year were
I7,716 cars including l146 Of fruit.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
X-RAY ROOM FIRE
DOOR LEFT OPEN

CLEVELAND. May 16.-P-The
fire door leading from the x-ray
room in the Cleveland clinic where
the first explosion occurred yester-
day had been left open. state fire
wardens investigating the tragedy
announced today.
The fire door leading to the room
where the celiuloid x-ray plates were
stored and where the first explosion
occurred. had been left open. II
this door had been closed the dis
aster might have been averted."
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
FATAL GAS WAS
HYDROCYANIC ACID

CLEVELAND, o.. May 16.-tP-
Coroner "A. J. Pearse announced
blood tests OF victims OF the Cleve-
land Clinic explosion showed death
was caused by Inhalation of hydro
cyanic acid gas and bromine gas.
both Of which we're present in large
quantities.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16

ter had been working near the stor-
age cabinets with a lighted blow
torch. Another was that steam pipes
near the storage cabinets became
overheated. A third vas that rub
bish may have been burned in a
furnace near the x-ray room and
that sparks were blown into the
storage cabinet. The possibility of
spontaneous combustion also was
considered.
The interior OF the storage room
was so completely wrecked investi-
gators expected an examination OF
minute particles on the floor would
be necessary.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
MAN WITH
KIDNAPPING AGENT

SHERMAN, Tex. May l6.-tPl-
Joe Thornton a arrested here to-
day and charged with kidnapping r.
LYLE Justice. Southern Pacific agent
at Mexio, Texas, and robbing the
station.
Thornton, officers said. made a
statement. He was returned TO
Mexia.
Justice told officers at Austin he
had been forced to ride all night in
an automobile with a man who
robbed the Mexia station. kidnapped
him and later released him.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
0ABX'S COLDS
are soon shipped In the bud"
80 without dosing by use Of
.vICN;Ss
Opsr ~ Miller jars iced YsarH


Use Blue Star Soap, then apply
Blue Star Remedy for Eczema. itch.
letter, ringworm, poison oak. dan
druff. childrSn's sores, cracked
hands, sore feet and most forms Of
ftching skin diseases. IL kills germs.
stops itching. usually restoring the
skin 70 health. Soap csc: Blue Star
Remedy. $500. Ask your druggist.
ADJ.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
Here Is Secret
Of Skin Beauty

A wonderful discovery Is the new
French process which gives MELLO-
CLIO Face Powder its unparalleled
srnoothness and makes 1t stay on
longer. The purest powder made
Its color Is tested. Never gives q
nasty or flaky lookl Will not irritate
or clog the pores! Its youthful
bloom stays on longer. Remember
fhe name-MELLO-GLO Eagle
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
TExARKANA. Tex. May 49,

TEXARKANA. Tex. May 49,
tP,-Without submitting the mat
ter to a general vote. the city coun-
Gil may issue bonds up to $4,000
when pressing need arises. accord
posed charter Of Texarkana. Tex
Among other features Is a provi-
sion that the city may issue de-
bentures for the purchase OF pub
lie utilities II desired.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-05-16
FIT. WORTH GETS 1880
C. A. r. CONVENTION

DALLAS. May 16.-fR-Election
Of officers occupied the time and
attention of 10 veterans of the
grand army of the republic at the
44th annual convention here today.
Fort Worth was named next years
convention city. A resolution ia
voring an increase in pensions was
considered again today. after one
yesterday was turned down because
e reference TO a Washington news
per.