Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-04-25
KELLOGG TREATY
|. TO Be INTERPRETED
Hughes Calls 1t Outstanding
Event Of Year-0ther
Lawyers Speak Tonight.

| Evans Hughes before the American So
ciety of International Law last evening
as the Outstanding event of the year."
will be interpreted by some Of the Ma
TONS most prominent lawyers this eve
] ming as feature of the society's an
| nual meeting in the Willard Hotel.
THE Pact Of Paris for the Renuncia-
/ ton Of War: It's Meaning and Effect
/ In International Law" is the formal
subject Of paper to be presented by
Roland 8. Morris, professor Of interna-
tional law in the University Of Penn
| sylvania. A frank discussion Of the
| treaty by members Is expected to follow.
The treaty was discussed at length by
Mr.. Hughes last evening in opening the
| twenty-third annual meeting Of the
| society. The discussion this evening
| probably will center on its effect in in
| ternational law.
The formula worked out at Geneva by
| Elihu Root as q basis for American
entrance into the World Court, which
| IS being agitated, has aroused consid-
| cradle interest amonk members OF the
| society In the realm Of institutions OF
| peace, subject to which Mr.. Hughes
addressed himself last evening.
Holds Annual Conference.
Some Of the aspects Of laws relating
to currency and checks. applicable to
commerce between nations, were sub
| jectS for round table discussion by
members OF the American Society Of
International Law this morning. The
society Is meeting In annual conference
at the Willard Hotel.
In the absence OF q report from the
| society's committee on the codiflcation
Of international law. which was post
poned. several members discussed
features that are held to be adaptable
to treatment and agreement among
nations. Participating In the discus
sion were Jesse s. Reeves. professor of
political science. University Of Michi-
gan, who presided: DR.. James Brown
Scott OF Washington. secretary Of the
Carnegie Endowment: Arthur X. Kuhn
| of New York City and Manly 0. Hudson
! of the Harvard Law School.
Establishment Of treaty similar to
| the pacific treaty, as supplemental to
the Kellogg pact, was advanced by Mr..
| Hughes, as IAN entirely practical step"
| for this Nation to take In building insti-
tutions Of peace in his. speech opening
the meeting last night.
Comprehensive arguments for this
| Nations adherence to the World Court
bAtAOu6A tAAC VI tlC
worked out at Geneva by E,ihu Root
| and tentatively accepted by other world
| powers were laid down by Mr.. Hughes.
| The court, he said, lis supported by
about SO states. It has performed its
| functions successfully for seven years,
| with a gratifying degree of confidence
| TepoSed in 1t, as Is shown by the in
creasing volume Of its work. 1t is idle
| to suppose that any other permanent
court could be established"
Citing that the United States Is not
| member Of the League of Nations and
| cannot participate in its activities. he
been ready to participate in internal
tional conferences in the interests of
| peace.
Alliances" he declared, ,"are opposed
to our policy; conferences In the inter-
| ests of peace are not
If We were to support the Perma-
nent Court OF International Justice and
if we were to supplement the Kellogg
pact by a treaty for conference and
consultation similar to the Pacific
treaty, should We not be taking entirely
! practical steps for the building of the
institutions Of peace without violence TO
any Of our cherished traditions?"
Discusses Advisory Opinions.
| Mr.. Hughes discussed at length ad-
viSory opinions of the court, which long
have been stumbling block in the way
of American entry.
Whatever may be said of the prac-
tice Of giving advisory opinions" he
| said, cit has been adopted in several
States of our Union and 1t is a time
| honored practice in some of the older
States without detracting from the re-
\ yNtr rf1o1 ~ 1rn ynSLr ~ %I1n
most distinguished courts. The contin-
ued absentation of the United States
from the court-will not prevent such
opinions"
THE play Of mind on mind in the
| consultation of the judges of a perma-
nent court" he said the preparation
OF opinions under the strict scrutiny
OF an entire bench composed Of a num-
Der Of jurists of high distinction. these
are assurances quite as great as, and
to my mind greater than. those which
would be found in the ordinary course
Of arbitrations.
And speaking for myself" he as
serted. 'in the light Of experience, I
should rather submit an important
cause Of the United States to a
permanent court of international JUS
tice than to such an arbitration as 1t
1 NOuA0 VIC PAaOtASaOAC " CotdOlloAA uiluCI
existing conditions. with the necessity
of leaving the choice of the umpire, or
the third or fifth arbitrator, to third
persons when those proposed by this
Government were rejected"
| The Kellogg treaty Mr.. Hughes de-
scribed as 1.-The outstanding event Of
the year" On the other hand. he
| said. There is no degree of certainty
in foreseeing what national policy will
be in the unknown contingencies of the
future"
Mere legislation against war;" he
declared, cannot establish peace unless
the controversies which arise in the
future, the seeds of which may have al
ready been sown, can be disposed Of on
q basis OF justice"
Second Article Controlling.
ut Is for this reason" Mr.. Hughes
said, that regard the second article
(of the kellogg pacD as the definite
and controlling feature Of the treaty.
BY that article the signatory powers
pledge themselves to the settlement or
solution Of all disputes or conflicts Of
whatever nature or whatever origin they
may be, which may arise among them,
exclusively by pacific means"
| To the support Of judicial settlement
Mr.. Hughes said, should be added APP
propriate participation in conciliatory
measures In relation to controversies OF
a non-judicial character. He cited the
Pan American treaty of Cancellation as
the most recent Illustration of such en-
| deavor.
| While these institutions OF peace are
being perfected, there is one notable
lack" he said. THAT Is, with reference
to our participation in the effort to
maintain the peace Of the world In case
1t is threatened by acts Of aggression
on the part Of any state which is q
party to the anti-war treaty" It was
| IN this connection that he suggested a
treaty for conference and consultation
similar to the Pacific treaty.
by inference, Mr.. Hughes pointed out
| that an AGREEMENT among the fa0marc