davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-02-01
OLD FORT SOLD

Now OrIcans-(A Pl-Built II
Bicnvillc IN IT'S, Fort st. Philip
which figured in the defense Of this
city in 1912, has been sold 70 pri-
vate interests. The sale occurred On
the anniversary of the same day that
tho battle Of New Orleans was
fought ia years ago.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-02-01
Cold Water Addition
Starts Fatal Attack

Chicago, Feb. L. (AP) John
Krominger, IS, let the water run sew
eral minutes yesterday but it would
not run warm. He washed his face
in the cold water and it induced a
heart attack from which he died.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Free State Army Cut
To Save Large Costs

The Free State Army has now been
reduced to 500 officers and 6.474 in
other ranks. Five or six years ago
the army numbered over $4,000 and
cost well over $5000o,o00. The gov
eminent claimed that this cost was
due to the trouble involved in starting
the state on its career, and accordingly,
instead Of meeting it by taxation an
nually, charged it to capital account.
Only what was estimated as tha rea-
sonable normal cost of such an army
as the state should have was paid for
out of taxation provided in each years
budget. This normal cost was fixed at
$7,500,00O. This year the cost has at
last been brought down to this amount.
The army is now stabilized, and its
members can count on it as regular
profession. According to Desmond
Fitzgerald. minister for defense, the
Free State Army costs less in proper
ton to the national revenue than the
army Of any other European state. He
believes It possible to train and equip
the army sufficiently to repel or at
least retard any invading force. Re.
publican Deputies In the opposition con-
tend that the organization and equip
n1ent OF the army are on wrong lines,
and that what Is really needed Is not o
regular army but . guerrilla fighting
machine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
BY DIR. JULIUS KLEIN.
Assistant Secretary of Commerce Of the
United States.


TN the thriving community OF Louis.
vile, KY, 80 grocery stores go out OF
business every month and 80 new
ones are opened. Let me hasten to
add that this astonishing mortal
ity curve" in retailing is not by any
means unique or peculiar to that city.
It reflects situation all too common
throughout the sorely tried ranks OF our
small retailers everywhere in the coun-
try, The revelation of 1t in this partlc-
ular instance simply means that the
business community of that enterpr1s-
ing metropolis has had the acumen and
courage to attack this problem of defec-
tive distribution and to determine reso-
lutely to go to the bottom OF 1t, no mat
ter how unpleasant the process may be.
With that in mind, number OF its
forWard-looking merchants approached
the Department OF Commerce to ask for
assistance in making a thorough dag
nosis of the woes of the Louisville gro
Gerry retailer. A fund was raised locally
and experts from the department staff
were delegated to take charge of the
survey. AS work progressed it soon be-
came evident that the problem was pro-
foundly significant for every business
element In the city-not simply retail
ers, whose ranks were being so drasti-
cally decimated, but also for wholesal-
ers and jobbers, for bankers and real
estate operators, for the newspapers
which were dependent upon their ad-
vertising revenueS-in fact, for every
element in the commercial activity Of
the city.
The work had not progressed far be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Great Waste Ended by Manufacture
Of Paper From Cornstalks and Cobs

carbohydrates, of which about two
hfths are crude fiber, constituting the
material suitable for conversion into
paper pulp.
At most the stalks yield 20 per cent
Of paper pulp and probably less in &C
tual practice. To make ton of pulp
at least fve tons of stalks must be
gathered, hauled to the factory and
chemically treated. It is easy to see
that a well planned system of gather
ing and transporting stalks must be
employed in order to make such a ven
ture profitable.
The problem seems to have been
solved, however. The Importance of
this may be realized from the fact that
States were utilized the farmers would
profit additionally to the extent of
5000, 100000 to $500,000,000 annually.
Besides, whole forests Of trees would be
saved from the lumberman's AK. This
would be conservation at its best. We
would have the by-product material,
cornstalks. converted to useful prod
uct, whereas otherwise 1t would 60 to
waste and be permanently lost. while
our forest resources, which do not perish
If left standing, would be saved to the
extent that cornstaik pulp replaced
wood pulp.
Claimants to Be Many.
We may now expect that all corn
growing areas of the United States will
step forward with irrefutable arguments
TO prove that they are the logical sites
for new cornstalk paper pulp factories.
However, suitable water supplies and
power facilities must be available,
among other things, in order to pro-
duce suitable site for a paper mill,
and experience with the new material
must be obtained as It's use spreads.
The Danville, Ill. News issue of De-
cember Is was printed entirely on corn
stalk paper The Prairie Farmer, Chi
cago, Americas oldest agricultural pa
per, also had its December is issue
printed entirely on cornstalk paper. A
hundred tons Of cornstalk pulp were
required for these issues. The corn
stalks from the fields of Illinois farmers
came back to them in the form Of
printed matter, and we may hope in
the future that farmers win more and
more read papers grown In their own
corn fields.
The farmers within IL miles Of DAN
vile are said to have received $4,000
this year for their cornstalks, an extra
profit Of 50 to S. per acre for their corn
land.
tcopyrisht. is2so
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

in the Asiatic fleet and / at the New
York Navy Yard.
Finally, realizing that It's Navy was
overbalanced with battleships. the
United States between 1918 and 1920
began the construction Of 10 cruisers
of the Omaha class. each having dis
placement Of $500 tons and carrying
a main battery of twelve six-inch guns.
In 1924. two years after the Washing
ton Conference, Congress authorized
the construction of eight 10.000-ton
cruisers. a type authorized by the
Washington naval treaty. In that year
all of the leading naval powers began
the construction Of the large so-called
treaty cruisers, and the incipient naval
rivalry since that date has involved
this type Of vessel. which did not ex-
list before the Washington conference.
Fifteen Cruisers Authorized.
In 1929 Congress authorized the con-
struction of Is more treaty cruisers.
If this program Is carried out the
United States by 1885 will have in its
navy 10 six-inch-gun cruisers Of the
Omaha class and % eight-inch-gun
cruisers of the treaty type, making
total of SO cruisers, having a tonnage
of 305, 900 tons.
In contrast the British Empire has
built and Is building TOTAL OF b4 crulS-
ers, with a tonnage Of 407,490 tons.
Thus the British government has nearly
twice the number of cruisers as the
United States and superiority of about
102 900 tons. The ratio in cruiser ton
mage assuming the construction of the
is treaty cruisers by the United States)
between the United States and the Brit
ish Empire is 5-6.61. These calculations
are based on the building programs be-
fore the suspension Of construction as
of July "a.
According to these figures, the Brit
ish navy Is superior in cruiser strength
to the United States. In view of the
rapid obsolescence of many British
cruisers, this superiority Is really not
as great, however, as 1t seems. Upon
the outbreak of the World War there
we're ia cruisers in the British navy.
This number was judged essential to
protect the food supply of the British
Isles and the communications of an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Northernmost Church
Soon to Be Erected

be erected during the Summer at Cape
York, native settlement on the north
western Mpp of Greenland, it has been
announced in Copenhagen. The orig
inal fund for the construction of a
church building was established two
years ago through the sale of several
fox skins which brought total Of
Sl,O50. Additional contributions from
the native parishioners and public spir-
tied Danes have increased the amount
materially and the so-called Thule COM
mittee, headed by the great explorer.
DR.. Knud Rasmussen, has agreed to
erect parsonage out Of Its own funds.
Cape York Is situated on the western
point Of Hayes peninsula ut " degrees
north latitude, approximately 300 miles
|, fronn- the North Pole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

Chemistry has achieved another of
Its great triumphS, and the world will
be the richer for it. This time it is
cornStalks which have received the en-
riching attention of the chemist. News
papers have just been printed on paper
made from cornStalks, a book is being
printed on cornStalk paper, and the
time is probably not too far distant
when Mr.. Average Citizen will be eat
ing his corn mullins and reading a
magazine made of paper grown in the
same field as his mullins.
Corn is the greatest agricultural crop
OF the United States. In value it eX-
ceeds that of the combined wheat and
cotton crops, in spite of the fact that
the corn cobs and cornstalks are just
as much part of the corn crop as the
kernels. but it is only the latter which
are fully utilized.
The area under corn cultivation in
the United States is about 100, 600, 900
acres or 10000 square miles. The
combined corn fields of the United
1000 miles long and 1856 miles wide
without any waste space. The crop is
about 2,750, 100000 bushels of corn, or
% bushels for every man, woman and
child in the United States. The value
of the crop is about 81, ZOO, 000,000 per
annum.
Enormous Tonnage.
The tonnage of cornstalks and cobs
produced is enormous. Their chief use
at present, If so wasteful disposition
may be called use, is to provide a
certain amount of fertilizer when
burned. To q small extent the cobs
are being used to provide a chemical
known as furfural, which has several
important uses, and is having its uses
extended as 1t becomes more widely
known. But furfural cannot in the
immediate future use more than a
trifiing fraction of the cobs available.
It has long been recognized that
cornstalks contain a material. which
can be converted into paper pulp. The
demand for paper pulp is large and
steady and able to take up as much
as the cornstalk industry could pro-
duce even If it were highly developed
But although it was recognized that
cornstalks could yield suitable pulp
for paper making, still the commercial
aspects had not been worked out, anc
these presented serious difficulties. The
cornstalks contain little oil, about
to per. cent of protein, some mineral
matter, 40 per cent of moisture when
field dried. and about SO per cent Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

mentary situation in which the Labor
party lacks a majority.
At the same time the belief has been
expressed in some quarters that Presi-
dent Hoover Is determined not to build
any Of the Is cruisers authorized by
Congress in the 1929 act except the
two already contracted to private yards,
regardless of the question of parity.
The fear that the present administra-
ton at Washington has surrendered the
American demand for equality should
be dissipated by Prime Minister Mac
Donalds statement to the House Of
Commons on July "a that Ambassador
principle of parity" and by Secretary
Stimson's statement on the next day
that the doctrine Of parity lis the only
doctrine by which two proud and indie
pendent nations" can agree to be
friends.
There Is no doubt that the American
government Is committed to the prin-
ciple of naval equality or parity with the
British government, and there Is no
doubt that the British government has
accepted this principle. 1t is no less
certain that the United States Is COM
mitted to q second principle of naval
both countries now is. Can these twin
goals of parity and Of reduction both
be achieved?
British Ahead in Cruisers.
This question can be answered only
after an examination of the British and
American naval strength. AS far as
battleShips are concerned, the British
and American fleets are substantially
equal. in accordance with the terms OF
the Washington naval treaty of 1922.
There is no such equality. however, in
regard to cruisers and destroyers.
In cruisers the past inferiority of the
United States is well known. Between
1890 and 1905 the United States laid
down % cruisers. but for the next 13
years it ignored this type of vessel. con-
centrating upon battleships. Today all
of our pre-war cruisers have passed the
2O-year age limit. and only of them
are in commission, being In the spe-
cial service squadron in the Caribbean,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

empire that covered a quarter Of the
population Of the world, which had
been threatened by a hostile German
fleet.
Replacement Delayed.
Many Of the British cruisers reached
the age limit during the World War.
But during that period 1t proved i'm
possible for the British government to
carry out full replacement program
and by 1921 there we're only 56 first
of which would soon reach the age
limit. Although German sea power had
been destroyed by the treaty of YER
sailles, the disturbed political condi-
ton of the world did not, in the view
of the British government, justify the
poStponment of a replacement program.
Consequently the Conservative govern
ment of 1924 adopted a program
which called for the construction OF a
total of So cruisers of which eight
should be constructed during the first
year.
Before these cruisers could be laid
down a Labor government had been
voted into office. In February, 1924,
Prime Minister Macdonald announced
that instead of laying down eight
cruisers that year. his government would
lay down flve-of the treaty type-for
replacement purposes. This decision
was attacked by the Liberal party,
which declared that it was foolish to
talk of replacing small cruisers with
l0.000-ton eight-inch-gun cruisers.
Nevertheless the Labor and Conserva-
tive parties combined to put this pro-
gram into effect. In the election OF
November. 1924. the Conservatives were
returned to power. The whole cruiser
question was now studied by a cabinet
committee presided over by Lord Biz
kenhead. AS a result Of its studies,
the government announced in July.
1925, a building program calling for the
laying down of Is eight-inch-gu
cruisers within the next i've years, or
about three such cruisers year.
Ramsay Macdonald, who was then
in the opposition. denounced this pro-
gram He frankly admitted that his
government in 1924 had agreed to the
CONTINUED on Fourth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Why Many Stores Fail

fore the news Of this rather unusual ex-
pertinent spread to other centers. Be-
fore long the national organizations, not
only in the grocery trade but those asso-
ciated in other fields of distribution
the various associations of wholesalers,
advertisers, publishers and bankers
soon realized that for the first time in
the business history Of the country there
was being undertaken a thoroughgoing
diagnosis of the entire organism OF our
distributive system.
Here was to be staged an expert clinic
of the most comprehensive and thor
ough type. Indeed, subsequent events
have proved that these expectations
were thoroughly justified. The name of
the Louisville Survey is now generally
recognized throughout distribution cir
cles as an effort the reactions Of which
are penetrating into all of the far-flung
ramifications of our distributive ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
American Universities
Attractive to French

A great number of French university
professors are ready to fulfill American
assignments. DR.. Guy, head of the
University of Grenoble, and DR.. Marcel
Aubert; of the French national ,mu-
seums, lare going to Harvard University.
Prof. Jean Marie Care Of Lyon Uni
versity is going to Middlebury College
and DR.. Fortunat Strowski, at the Sor-
bonnie, member of the Institut de
France, will lecture at Columbia Uni
versity. Many other well known French
educators are going to Montreal, To-
ronto, Havana. Mexico City, Rio Janeiro
and Buenos Aires.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

stration of what real community spirit
can accomplish. Louisville has set an
example in this field Of commercial
sanitation which might well be emu
lated elsewhere. In fact, the methods
developed in this clinic are already
being applied in other cities with de-
cidedly encouraging results.
Story of Significance.
The operations by which this task
was accomplished comprise a story Of
peculiar significance and contribute in
valuable aids to the solution OF this
paramount business problem Of ours
Wasteful distribution.
That inf1rmity has been sapping the
strength and vitality Of the Nation to
an amazing degree-all the more
alarming because its symptoms have
been only vaguely sensed. All too fire.
quently not until the unfortunate vic
tins are in the "morgue" of the bank
ruptcy courts have they been aware Of
the seriousness of their situation.
In the days of some dread plague In
the Middle Ages, when medicine merged
with alchemy and black magic, the
error-stricken unfortunates resorted
desperately to all sorts of wild extremi-
ties to stay the spread of the grim de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

chinery. It is no exaggeration to say
that 1t has become symbol of deter
mined curative effort against what long
has been recognized as the graveSt in
trinity now affiicting the business body
of the Nation.
And the gratifying thing about the
undertaking is that it was not a dem
onstration of superimposed erudition-
not series of solemn oracular emana-
lions from the mysterious seclusion of
remote academic laboratories. It was
q collaborative undertaking, under ex-
pert guidance from the outside, it is
true, but nevertheless with a major
portion of the actual work Of the in
vestigation carried out by those most
concerned.
For instance, when 1t came 70 the
analysis and tabulation of the extent
to which retailers were acquainted with
the intricacies and imperative necessity
of inventories, it was no uncommon
thing to find wealthy merchants work.
ing until midnight in their shirt sleeves
down in some dingy corner grocery
tabulating the affairs of the establish
ment and going over its operations COR
rather the lack of them with its be-
wildered but grateful owner.
The whole undertaking was an ad-
mirable though decidedly novel demon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

II eTUWcDIS Is HIlOGIlcT HIulCd6iOLh
of their determination to arrive
at naval agreement.
On July "a Ramsay Macdonald an
nounced to the House Of Commons that
work upon the Surrey and Northumber-
land, l0,000-ton cruisers, whose keels
were laid down last year, would be sus-
pended. He also declared that the
l929-30 naval program, which called for
the construction Of one more 10000
ton cruiser, would for the time being be
held in allegiance. Thus the British
government has suspended construction
of three 10,000-ton cruisers, as well as
certain lesser vessels.
On the same day President Hoover
announced that he had suspended work
upon the three cruisers started In Gov
eminent navy wards. the construction of
which was authorized in the 1929 Navy
law. This law provides that Is cruisers
shall be laid down by July /, 1881. 1t
declares that the President is author
lied to construct these cruisers In &C
cordance with a program under which
cruisers shall be laid down during
each of the fiscal years ended June 80,
1929, 1880 and 1881.
President Authorized to Act.
President Hoover has interpreted this
law to mean that he has discretion to
lay down these cruisers any time before
July /, 1881. Moreover. the law also
provides that in the event Of an inter-
national agreement which requires ap-
proval by the Senate. the President is
authorized to suspend, in whole or in
part, any Of the naval construction au-
thorized by the act.
The action of the British and Amer
lean governments in temporarily sus-
pending the construction Of 10,000-ton
cruisers is an earnest of their good in
tentions---a proof of their sincerity. 1t
also seems that President Hooger's ac-
ton has strengthened the political po-
sition of Mr.. Macdonald, whose free
dom in regard to a naval agreement is
restricted by strong naval tradition in
England and by triangular parlia-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
BY RAYMOND LESLIE BUELL..

simultaneous suspension Of
certain naval construction by
the British and American gov
ernments Is another indication
Of their determination to arrive
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

CONTINUED on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

w YITH the termination of the
n French debate over the
wv question of the war debts
one fact at last emerges
nd laka
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1929-05-23
PROCEEDINGS OF
SCHOOL BOARD
Dist. No. II.

Regular school board meeting was
held at the school house May IA with
all members present.
Minutes of last meeting were read
and approved as read. The teachers
committee reported all positions filled
except second grade. r. Petersen re-
ported that some repairing is needed
both in some of the rooms and on the
roof Moved, seconded, and carried
to advertise in Askov American for
bids on repairing. Supt. Justesen re-
ported that State Director Mr.. Utne
has been here checking over building
and equipment 1t was decided to
hold a special meeting May 81.
The following bills were allowed:
Houghton Mifflin Co., books----$ 9.21
Askov Hdwe. Co., supplies - 2.73
Askov Variety Store, supplies 1000
st. Paul Book & Stationery Co.,
supplies PILL
A. Henriksen, coal - 20.O6
Askov Dray Line, service ----- 1134
Minnesota Power & Light Co.,
SeTVice 4I.S4
Askov Telephone Co., service - 2.65
American Pub. Co., service rs
First State Bank, coupons -----27O.OO
Upon motion, meeting adjourned.
JENS B. JENSEN, Clerk.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1929-05-23

signed and will in the near future re-
turn to Denmark from which country
he came about three years ago.
Interested I'm Norway.
An Englishwoman, Mrs. A. Petch,
who conducts courses in English in
Oslo, Norway, has recently completed
an American tour in the course of
which she delivered a number of
radio lectures on Norway. On her
return to that country she reported
that she has found an amazing vol
ume of interest in things Norwegian
among Americans, and she believes
that this interest will result in a
heavy increase of the number of
American tourists who want to go to
the land of the midnight sun. Mrs.
Petch makes her permanent home in
Norway and speaks the language of
that country like a native.