davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-31
Majority of Fatalities Are
Directly TraCeabIe to
Heat Wave.
SlXTY-THREE DROWNED
Two Killed When Race Auto
Crashes Into Spec
tatOrS.

While the nation paused TO honor
the men who have given Up their
lives for their country. death stalked
among the living Who sought relief
from the heat Of Memorial day.
Most Of the more than one nun
dred accidental deaths in the coun-
try were directly traceable to heat.
The cool waters of lakes and
streams called to the holiday crowds,
taking the greatest toll Automobile
and airplanes claimed several lives
and heat prostrations added to the
total
New York Leads List
New York led with around thirty
dead. fourteen of whom were
drowned Five died from heat pros
trations and eight in auto accidents.
The most sensational of the days
tragedies occurred at the Metro
politan Heights Playground where
racing car, piloted by Bernie Katz.
turned over three times and plunged
into the crowd, killing two men and
injuring three others persons, in
Guiding the driver.
Illinois was second in the toll,
NTH seven droTnings. three auto
mobile and two heat deaths.
In addition, several score persons
we're injured in automobile and
other accidents.
Sixty Three Drowned
A nationwide United Press poll
showed that &c we're drowned. %
died from heart prostration. 26 in
automobile accidents and one IN an
airplane crash-a total Of 116.
The airplane death occurred IN
Colorado The other deaths we're
aistriIartteG ac fnllor.-e.,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-31
VOLCANO IN ERUPTION
Crater Becomes Active; Chilean
Town Is Menaced.

bV JN1itu Press
CURICO, Chile, May 31.-The
volcano Quizapu today began a vio-
lent eruption. The population of
the city is terrorized.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-31
CITY MAN NOMINATED
Perry Reeves Named by Hoover for
Education Board.

Perry w. Reeves Of indianapolis,
was nominated to the senate today
by President Hoover for reappoi1t-
ment to the federal board of voca-
tional education, representing labor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1929-05-31
Lindy and Anne

The Lone Eagle" Washington Bureau has
carefully compiled and authoritative story of the life
accomplishments Of Colonel Charles A Lndbegh and his
his wife 1t tells in detail justshose
you about the young couple including all the
er and his record breaking fight to Paris
activities in the field Of aviation Fill out the
pom for this bulletin:
1INDBERH Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times
1922 York Avenue, Washington D. C.
want COPY bulletin L1NDY AND ANNE and enclose
uncanceled United States post
age stamps to cover postage and handling costs
CITY sTATE..........
I am reader 0 The indianapolis
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12

The Valley has a star mail route
which is not only driven by a wom-
an but Is unique III a number OF
other ways.
Every day Mrs. Everett B. Griffin
Of this city starts for Brownsville by
way Of Mission on a fast schedule.
the rOund-trip representing a jour
ney Of about 135 miles with about
20 stops.
Mrs. Griffin is believed to be one
Of the few if not the only woman
driving a star mail route regularly.
Women may carry rural free de-
livery routes as substitutes but are
not permitted to do so regularly.
Mrs. Griffin started out as relief
driver for her husband, who has
the contract for the star mail route.
Then she took over the job as a
regular thing.
One Of the features Of the Valley
route is that it carries nothing but
first-class mail, most of which is
air mail which makes connections
with planes at Brownsville.
Due to the peculiar location Of
the Valley the rapid distribution Of
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12

pert. Z. J. Kulas. steel manufacturer.
and other key men IF American in
dustry are quoted in the book as
advocating decentralization and
and greater simplicity of industrial
plant.
II is declared in the power conf
panv's study that city growth after a
certain point Of saturation creates
more handicaps thar facilities for
productive industries. Per capita tax
rates are shown 10 increase more
rapidly as the cities attain greater
size.
In the larger cities labor and cleo
trio power are both diverted in in
creasing measure from productive
and socially profitable uses 10 mere
efforts to overcome the handicaps of
congestion-such as costly rapid
transit. the erection OF buildings of
great height. and the immense out
lays required for the maintenance
and operation of such structures.
The problem Of urban water supply
is briefly discussed IN the book. with
the observation thar water resources
determine the ultimata limit OF city
growth. The contention OF the book
Is that the present layou Of cities Is
not abreast Of the achievements Of
science and engineering.
Old Measure Obsolete
The study rules out population as
a measurement Of communities
either from the standpoint Of pro-
ductive capacity. purchasing power
or living standards. The population
measurement was rendered obsolete
with the substitution Of mechanical
power for man power. II Is declared.
The smallest community now has &C.
cess to as great a supply Of power as
the large community and since IL
requires relatively little for uses de-
voted to keeping people out Of each
others way" its productive capacity
per unit of power is vastly greater
than that of the large city. With the
motor truck and highway furnishing
equal access TO markets industry's
interest in the small town Is in
creasing.
In a historical summary of the
growth Of American business. the
book shows how the population and
industries which followed the first
frontier westward tended to cluster
improving cities. This" 1t declares.
left between the cities great gaps OF
scantily developed country dotted by
thousands Of small communities.
These towns wee supported by
trade rather than industry because
the nature Of the power supply and
transportation tended to confine fac
tories TO the more congested cities.
"A wider Distribution Of power over
the countryside AMI the more flex-
ible transportation offered by the
motor truck and highway have re-
leased industry from confinement
and equipped the small town TO &C
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
Industrial Leadership Rests
With Smaller Cities, Survey
ByPower Interests Reveals

The industrial leadership Of the
big city in America is already chal-
lenEed by Main Street. and the
small town Is now well or the road
70 economic leadership of the ma
ton. according to a study Of the lat
est American business methods and
policies published BY the Central
Power and Light Company and a
group of its affiliated companies.
The drift Of peoplc to the big
cities continues. but this no longer
concentrates wealth as formerly and
the productive capacit- o. city pop
ulations is not increasing In equal
measure with that o the inhabi-
tant5 Of smaller towns, IL is de-
clared.
The study Is published under the
title Americas New Frontier, tho
small towns and countryside being
regarded by the power company as
the scene Of the next stage Of indus
trial progress in America.
Small Town Gain
The decentralization of wealth and
industry revealed I'm the book is evil
denced in the small communities
served with electric power by the
company. and the study also pre-
sents government figures and the
economic conclusions of leading so
cial scientists, pointing to the same
conclusion.
The report on recent economic
changes by the committee which was
headed by President Hoover is cited
to show that the only present gain IN
number OF industrial wage earners
is taking place in the smaller towns.
The historic concentration Of in
dustry in the large cities grew out Of
the character of power supply
throughout the greater part Of
American industrial development to-
gether with the inflexible nature Of
transportation facilities. the study
points out. The past decade. how
ever. has witnessed the rapid growth
Of d%istributable electric power which
has been made available in ample
quantities at virtually every point on
the map, and has also cen the ire
mendous increase in the u. S. Of the
automobile and the introduction Of
more flexible freight railway service
Is shown.
Limits Seen
The book issued by the power COM
pany asserts that simultaneously
with these technical Improvements
which have made 1t possible to de-
centraliZe the factory system. there
has appeared in the economic life
Of the great cities a law Of diminish
ing returns.
The increasing difficulties and cost
Of metropolitan life have reacted
upon industry. the book states. SO
that industrial leaders have been
aroused to the advantages Of dif-
fusion. Henry Ford Charles Ketter-
ing of General Motors Research cor
poration. Carl Alsberg. bakery eA-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12

commodate the industries which
seek release from high costs Of city
life.
AS a result" the study continues
the smaller communities Of America
have in recent years made vast
strides in all the thing that indicate
richer lives. In better schools. IN
new highways. in the nearly uni
versal family ownership OF the au-
tomobile. the most remarkable gains
have occurred outside the great
metropolitan centers. In many cases
states with a preponderant rural
population r at the head of the
procession.
New Trends
This Is a new thing in our his
tory. Americans have long been
used TO such progress in metropoli-
tan centers and in newly opened
lands. But the renaissance or the
open spaces is nov as characters
tic OF the older settled Atlantic sea-
board as Of the youngest common
wealths Of the Union"
The decentralizing forces at work
IN America. today. the book con-
cludes, are reversing the currents
which have characterized business
enterprise since the industrial revo-
luton Of the 18th century England.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
$7,200,O0O Is Gift to
|. T. T. Workers

NEW YORK. Aug. l2.-tPl-Tha
International Telephone & Tele-
graph corporation gave its employees
$1,000, 900 worth of stock under the
terms of the fourth offer Of securi-
ties to persons on its payroll.
The plan provides that q block 81
10000 shares Of the company's new
common stock Of no par value DC
set aside for distribution 10 en-
ployes at the price of $50 per share.
The present market value Of these
shares is approximately Sl10.
Eighty-five thousand employees
are privileged to purchase stock Ut
der the plan, at the rate Of one
share for every $500 Of their re-
spective yearly salaries. No employe
can subscribe TO more than 100
shares.
The size Of the offering and the
large number OF employees eligible
to make subscriptions place the I.
It. a. IT. definitely in the category
Of such companies as the u. .
Steel. Western Union and a host Of
others who have adopted q ccmpre-
hensive stock ownership program
for employees.
The employees will pay for the
stock by deductions from their
wages mt the rate Of 50 monthly
per share. The stock will be paid
for fully by October ]. 1881.
The first I.nploye stock plan ~
this company was in 1925. when l.
5l4 employees subscribed 10 1878
shares. In 1927 and again III 1923.
further offerings were made and a
total Of 12,05O employees bought "a
803 shares.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
COOPERATIVE
MAKING GAINS
Strength Is Shown as U. ).
Offers Aid in Devel-
opment

WASHINGTON. Aug. 12.-tPC
While passage of the agricultural
marketing act guaranteed the eco
nomic safety of agriculture coop
Grafton. the movement has not wa
vered from the line drawn in 1928
the pea year OF development.
A. w. Mckay, acting chief Of
the division of cooperative market
ing, say farLl cooperatives are
either increasing their membership
and business or holding their own
as the federal farm board begins
strengthening tie fabric Of collec-
tive bargaining. The success that
came more or Is in waves until
1923 has been stable for The last six
years.
There are known to be 1l,400
cooperatives in the United States
doing an annual business Of $780,
000, 900 for approximately 3@00,O"0.-
600 members. The grain trade leads
the field. It has 3.455 cooperatives,
100000 members, and an annual
business OF $4,000. 900.
The number of cooperatives
membership al, annual business OF
other industries follow:
Cotton and cotton products, 120,-
10000; $97, 900 .00c.
Dairy products, 2,749; 100000;
$500, O00. 900.
Forage crops. Is; 100000; $780,
900.
Fruits and vege. oles, 1853; 215,-
900; $500, 900. zoo.
Livestock, 2,0l2; 45O, 900: $780,
900 Nuts, 20; $1,000; $14.600.
Poultry and poultry products, 90:
$4,000; $40. ZOO, 900.
Tobacco. IS; / $500; 500. 600 900
Wool and mohair. 80; $4,000; ST.
100000.
Miscellaneous buying ~organiza-
tons. l,2O5; 1913. 1000, 600.
Mckay estimates that about 90
per cent Of the C)operatives in the
entire country report TO the depart
ment of agriculture and that while
his figures show l1.400. there posi-
bly, are 1880 o. more.
The cooperative movement, which
has come to its present stage
through years OF struggle and mis-
apprehension, started about 1910.
"A number Of Operatives func-
toned before and during the civil
war, the sole survivor Of which II
the Cayadutta Cheese factory I
Fonda. N. Y, founded in 1863
From New York farmers and dairy
men the cooperative idea spread
to Wisconsin. gradually reaching
every state Of agricultural impor-
lance.
OF late years the trend has been
toward large-scale ASSOCIATE IS. but
since the federal farm board has
thrown a protecting mantle over
the cooperative movement. there
has been evidence of a desire "a
increase the number Of small CO.
operatives. some Of the activities are
ill-advised. authorities say. and lean
toward the promoter or Specula-
ton type. They frankly discourage
such attempts.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12

mail by train always was a prob
lem. A star mail route was author
lied by the postoffice department.
A few months later air mail planes
began landing at Brownsville and
the schedule Of the star mail bus
was changed to make connections.
The star mail bus X gathers
outbound air mail in the mornings
and distributes incoming air mail
in the afternoons.
The bus has a fast schedule and
all postoLces have orders not TO
delay 1t more than three minutes.
No pouches are carried. Instead
there is a cabinet containing a
compartment for each town served.
When the bus arrives at a post
office a postal employe unlocks the
cabinet. He then sorts the mail
into the different compartments &C.
cording to their destination. The
driver Of the bus does not handle
the mail IN any way.
The route Is No. 50.7o8 and was
started Oct. !. 1923. and serves CIV
cry CITY on the main highway in
the Valley.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
Courts Decision
Hits Grain Deals

CHICAGO. Aug. 12.-iP)-Board
Of trade deals are gambling debts"
an Illinois circuit court has ruled
in a case now before the appellate
court-a decision which may be Of
great Importance in the financial
world.
IT concerns the legality II con-
tracts between customers and men,
bers Of the Chicago board of trade
for purchase and sale Of grain and
provision futures. bids and offers.
subsequently resulting in specula-
ton.
William McCabe. a farmer. was
sued by James X. Riordon. a men,
Der of the board. to f~oreclose Z
mortgage and recover on two notes
for n total Of $4,000, given in set
Element of losses for alleged spec
ulation on the board.
McCabe held that the notes were
given TO satisfy gambling debts ana
asked for their cancellation.
Decision of the lower court.
should IL be affirmed. places on
board Of trade firms the duty Of in
vestiRating the need of each custo-
mer for the grain and provisions he
orders, his financial ability to ac-
cept and pay for all contracts. and
his intention to make delivery or 10
receive shipment and not to close
out before expiration Of the option
or maturing Of the future contract.
Counsel for McCabe contends
that 1t is just as easy to gamble on
the beard OF trade contracts as to
40 a legitimate business. He held
that the volume Of transactions by
McCabe in the three years before
he withdrew from the market. in
volving more than $1,000, 900 bushels
Of grain. should have convinced tie
beard that he was not engaged in
legitimate business. Gambling debts
are unrecognized by law.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
DALLAS Y WOULD
TAKE OVER CAR LINE

DALLAS. Aug. i2.-P-Disap-
pointed az the failure Of the Dallas
Railway and Terminal company a.
agree with his proposal that street
car operators be given wage increas-
es. Mayor J.Waddy Tate said today
that lit might lie wise for the CITY
to take over the street car system"
The mayor announced that he
would ask the city commission Ia
consider purchase of the company.
whose street railway properties arc
valued at slightly more than $40
100000. Submitting the proposal to
the voters through a bond issue
election next April was suggested
by the executive.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
ABILENE TOPS
ALL BUILDERS
Issues $621,325 in Permits
During Past Week to
Lead State

DALLAS, Tex. Aug. 12.-tFJ-Al-
though Houston issued more than
half a million dollars worth Of
building permits last week Abilene
led the state. the permit for the
$780, 900 N. ooten hotel and theater
building running the total Of that
city for the week to S62l ,325. the
largest week Of the year. Houston
now has passed the $20.000.000
mark and San Antonio j. wei
above the s1l 100000 for the year.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1929-08-12
WORLDS GREATEST FORGER

LONDON-James Brady. declared
By the police 'the worlds greatest
forger," was sentenced to 10 years
in prison.
New Britain herald., 1929-09-12
OPENING TEE TAX LISTS IN TARIFF PROBE

Owing 10 the fact that q number of regular Republicans voted for the Simmons resolution in the Senate. the Democrats and Insurgents won another victory.
 The resolution hroadcns the in quiry into the business of corpora tons seeking tariff favors by author lzing a peep into their income tax reports, and also an investigation of tn" wages paid by such corporations.
 Thus Congress threatens for the flrSt time 10 tell corporations asking for tariff favoYs that they must come before the tariff-makers with clean hands, They must prove their con- tontions that they need the increased tariffs and must prove that none of their employees are living below the American standard.
 If this plan goes through to ifs logical conclusion, concern special izing in hiring cheap labor from whatever source would have a small 'F prospect of being protected with d high tariff
 Nothing like this was ever heard oi before. Senator's Bingham and Walcott. Of course voted against the scheme.
New Britain herald., 1929-09-12
observer is surprised.


 The situation in the elementary schools is not such as 10 ovcrwhelm the Board of Education this year.
 Perhaps the turn in the road has been reached. Perhaps the city need not expect such substantial increases in school enrolment as were regis tered a few years ago.
 The increase in 1928 over 1927 was 559, This was an increase quite as had been anticipated, although the senior high school accounted for Ill of the increase, leaving the elemen- tary schools and junior highs to ac- count for an increase of AIS.
 The State Board of Education computes city's population upon the school enrolment. If such computation is accurate it means that New Eritain's population for the past year has done little more than stand still. In some circles this would be an unpopular topic, how ever, so We shall barely mention it,
New Britain herald., 1929-09-12
Observations On 7he Weafher

Washington, Sept. 12.-Forccast for Southern New England; Partly cloudy and somewhat warmer to- night and Friday; moderate southcr- ly winds.
 Forecast for Eastern New York: Mostly cloudy tonight and Friday; possibly showers Friday slightly warmer in interior tonight; nodcr- ate east and southeast winds.
 Forecast for New Haven and vicinity: Fair and slightly warmer tonight; Friday increasing cloudi- ness followed by showers.
 Conditions: The high pressure area is moving slowly northeast ward and ccnters this morning over northern New England. Showers have set in in the lower Mississippi valley. Considerable cloudincss pre- vails this morning over the Ohio valley and North Atlantic states.
 Rains have started on the Hat tcras coast Temperatures Were considerably cooler this morning in tho north Atlantic stations.
 Conditions favor for this vicinity fair weather followed by increasn@ Cloudincss with slightly higher item perature.
 .,t .tf 4.., !.
New Britain herald., 1929-09-12
MAIL CONTRACTS FOR OCEAN
 LINES

Unless the Tampa Inter Oceanic Steamship Corporation is assured Of a fat mail contract from the gov crnment it refuses to go through with the purchase of the Gulf-West Mediterranean Steamship line from the government.
 Perhaps there are landlubbcrs who think all ocean lines are operated upon the returns of freight and pas senger serivce, But this is the second time within a few weeks that gov ernment mail contracts have loomed largely in the news from Washing ton.
 II appears that the government par ticularly the post office department, feeling the pinch of economy, is thinking twice before awarding mail contracts. It might think three or four times before mail contracts are awarded and save even more money.
 The Shipping Beard has no Jurisdiction over mail contracts and can make no promises that lines buying vessels from it at prevailing low prices will receive juicy mail contracts thrown in for good measure. Which is bad news for some people.
 But Congress, trying to encourage an American merchant marine. pass ed the Joncs-W White act which pro- 7idcd for the sale of government ships under favorable conditions" and also authorized the postmaster general to grant subsidies in the form of ocean mail contracts.
 Since that time the post office de partment has experienced huge deficit and there is a reluctance to award mail contract subsidies.
 The new idea under Hoover. it seems, is 10 award no mail contracts except for worth while service and at prices that are reasonable to the government.
 Mail contract subsidies, by the way, arc no different in principle from any other subsidies.
 If a steamship line cannot opcr- ate successfully and profitably with out the mail contract it is consider able evidence that it isn't filling a needed niche in the world of trans portation.
New Britain herald., 1929-09-12
REDt ttNG TAXES BY WAY OF LOWER APPRA!S3fS

The Citizens Property Owners as Sociation seems 10 have taken a new step forward in it's campaign 10 re- duce taxation. Heretofore the en- phasls has been placed upon the tax rate, which the association held, needed reduction. Lately there has been tendency to turn an eye to- ward appraisals as well. and the as scssors will be interviewed on this point.
 It has been shown dozen times that so long as civic expenses are high it makes little difference whether the tax rate is high and an- praisals low, or the tax rate is low and the appraisals high. So long as the same amount of money goes to the tax gathcrcr in either case the difference In method of getting it is 4iS' '''lllNAfi4t tp IiOl lNt',
 In other words, if the grand list were doubled the tax rate could be cut in half-and virtually the same amount of tax money would go to the city. Or the same result would accrue if the grand list were cut in half and the tax rate doubled.
 There is only one way to reduce the actual total of money paid by taxpayers, and that is to reduce civic expenditures.
 That done, it matters little what the tax rate happens to be or how the assessors appraise property.
 And there is only one other way 10 lift to much of the tax burden from real estate That method is to get at the wealth that is unseen and at present untaXcd. Unfortunately no way has been found hercabouts to achieve this end. Realty, being in the open and unable to escape the eyes of the assessors bears the brunt of taxation. It is wrong, but that's the system.
 The taxpayers association has d big field for it's cndeavors.