The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1929-06-11
By Our Special Correspondent
in China.

In China.
The Chinese national flag was
raised over the Three Eastern Prov
inces which constitute Manchuria,
on Dec. 90, 1928, signifying the
union of this territory with the rest
of China. This act is the most i'm
portant event in China and Asia in
recent months, for it was in direct
opposition to the desire and plan
of Japan to keep Nanchuria "inde-
pendent" as Korea was once indie
pendent. But at the same time it
does not mean as much as it seems
to be because of internal and in
ternational factors that play a role
in Manchuria today.
Vast Rich Country.
To take northern Manchuria alone,
where l am at present: North Man
churia is a country as large as
France and England combined-a
vast, rich, undeveloped pioneer land
much like the central United States
so years ago. 1t has the greatest
forests in Eastern Asia-most Of
which are as yet unexplored. 1t has
gold, silver, and other valuable min
eral deposits; it has the greatest
coal deposits in the world CONTROLLED
chiefly by Japan.
Into this country, during the past
two decades, and especially during
the last five or six years, Chinese
/ peasants from the Chinese provinces
of Shantung, Chilli and Shansi have
poured to the extent of 100000.
These peasants have added tremend
ously to the wealth and the future
prospects of wealth of the country,
making it the chief granary of
China and one of the chief sources
of food for Japan. Industrially and
agriculturally, it is Japan's base in
the future.
Chinese-Eastern Railway.
Through North Manchuria runs
the Chinese Eastern Railway, built
by the old Russian government, but
placed under joint Chinese-Soviet
management in 1924. This railway
holds a peculiar position in North
Manchuria. 1t is not just a COM
mercial enterprise, as are other rail-
ways, but it is great cultural force.
1t has founded and maintained not
only the telephone and telegraph
systems for use of the railway dur
fng the past few years, but has ex-
tended them to the towns; it founded
and maintained some IS schools and
colleges for Russians and Chinese
alike; hospitals, clubs and rest
homes for its employees, on the Sow
let model; it financed industries, in.
troduced the only 8-hour day in
China for its employees and work
men, and its workshops have the
only trade union in all Manchuria.
1t founded and finances the Man
churian Research Society and con-
tributes heavily to the Picking and
Vladivostock universities.
1t is around this Chinese Eastern
Railway, with the Chinese peasant
population that has grouped itself
about it, that the internal and inter
national conflict is going on in Man
churia today which, combined with
Japanese domination of SSuth Man
churia through the South Manchur-
ian Railway, may lead to a serions
international conflict.
For it is to the interest of GER
tain interested powers, particularly
Japan, England and America, that
the Soviet Russians be driven from
Manchuria as they have been driven
from other parts of China, and that
their principles of equality with the
Chinese, and their cultural tenden-
cies such as the 8-hour day and the
organization of labor, should be
crushed once and for all. Certain of
these forces work with the present
Marking government whose policy
toward Soviet Russians is well
known while at the same time it
has concluded treaties of amity and
cooperation with the imperialist pow
ers.