The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1929-04-25

| moved from Its title. Meanwhile the
king continued to help with the Ava
Ion in many ways, so that Calvert
lost nothing by his declaration of
change of faith, though real danger
had actually threatened. In alotting
credit for the glory of Maryland toll
Grafton this contribution of King
James should not be forgotten.
Calvert, however, wishing to devel-
op his Colonial enterprise, gradually
withdrew from public life and determ-
ined to devote himself exclusively to
colonization. But the Newfoundland
investment proved to be a very I'M
profitable one. Writing to his friend,
/ Thomas Wentworth, Earl of STAFFORD,
| Calvert said:
l must either go and settle it in bet
/ ter order or else give it over and lose
all the charges I have been at hither-
to, for other men to build them for
/ tunes upon. And | had rather be es-
tened a fool by some for the haz-
ard of one months journey than to
prove myself one certainly for six
years by-past if the business be now
| lost for want of a little pains and
care.
Accordingly, he went to Avalon
with his wife and family together
with a number of additional colonists.
But long and severe winter, an cpl
demic of illness and many deaths
among the settlers completely dis
heartened him. He decided to aban-
doned to enterprise as a colony; left
it in charge of few hardy fishermen
to salvage what income might remain
in it, and set sail for Virginia, having
first sent an appeal to Charles, who
was now King, for grant of land in
the unsettled parts of that colony
south of the James river.
This petition was granted with one
modification and the charter of Ava
lon eventually was duplicated for
that part of Virginia north of the
Potomac which was named "Mary-
land" in honor Of Queen Henrietta
Maria, wife of Charles.
1t is interesting to note the motive
which led to the substitution Of the
parts of Virginia north of the Poto-
mac" for those which had been asked
for "south of the James" William
Claiborne, of Virginia, together with
certain sugar planters, intended to es-
tablish extensive sugar plantations
in Carolina, protested against the
southern grant, whereupon it was
pointed out that the Dutch colony Of
New Amsterdam was rapidly extend
ing southwark. The Dutch had a.
ready got as far as the Delaware riv-
er, and it would be a good idea for
England to forstall further advance
by occupying the intervening terri
tory. Thus Maryland was set up as a
sort of buffer state and so fulfilled the
primary purpose of the original
palatinates of England.
Unfortunately, at this suspicious
moment with his plans for extensive
colonization activities at the point of
fruition and with a vast principality
and royal powers within his grasp,
George Calvert died. His eldest son,
Cecilius, however, had inherited his
ability and point of view and carried
on his fathers project as it had been
planned.
When Cecilius started recruiting
the Maryland colony he did what
every business man does. He adver-
tised. It seems likely that he even
anticipated modern high-powered
craftsmanship and had personal ap-
peals made in every shire. Even SO,
he had difficulty at first in securing
settlers. Though he himself was a
member of the Catholic church and
the project was suspected Of being a
Catholic plot, there was no rush OF
Catholics. Only few could be in
duced to join the company. Religious
federation was offered as a special in
ducement, which it was hoped would
appeal to both Catholics and Puritans.
The former were still suffering I'M
der the handicap of legal disabilities
and penal laws which, although they
were not enforced under Charles with
any more regularity than our prohi-
bition laws are enforced, were still on
the books and might at any time be
used as a weapon in the hands of the
enemy. The Puritans at the same
time were being severely manhandled
by Archbishop Laud, who was hell
bent upon enforcing conformity upon
non-conformists.
As part of the publicity incident to
interesting possible colonists, Calvert
had a pamphlet prepared, presumably
by Father White, Jesuit priest, who
later went to Maryland with the first
settlers, proclaiming the advantages
of Maryland which run the gamut
from opportunity for missionary work
among the Indians to ''weasels which
do not destroy hens and eggs as ours
do" We would not for moment cast