davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

usually present and some hundreds Of people
who are ticket or bond holders. In France the
drawings Of the Credit Foncier are graeed with
the presence Of the governor and other bank
oficials, who sit at a huge table with their
backs to the wall
The famous wheel of fortune Is brought IN,
containing the numbers of the bonds. It IS
but one Of many similar wheels held IN the
vaults. each one holding the numbers OF
particular bond issue. Years elapse from the
time the numbers are first dropped into the
wheel and the last one is removed.
The announcement is first read, reciting the
prizes and the number of bonds to be re-
deemed at par Two of the directors rise and
examine the seals placed upon the wheel after
the previous drawing.
The drumlike wheel IS four to eight feet In
diameter and two to three feet thick and rotates
on metal supports. While the circumference Is
metal. the sides are of heavy glass. Wide
metal mixing blades protrude inside to assist In
mixing the numbers as the wheel Is rotated.
The numbers, which may be seen inside the
wheel, are little metal rolls not unlike car
tridges, on the inside of which are numbers cor
responding to bonds not yet drawn.
Having found the seals intact, the directors
break them, and when the tiny door Is uIl-
locked after the wheel stops rotating, small
boy steps forward and faces the crowd. He
is usually an orphan from . state school, .
quaint little figure in belted blouse with close
cropped hair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Continued from Third Page

of especial value to silversmithS gun manu-
facturers and others for removing mars and
scratches and for polishing fine metal surfaces.
The skins of Gods and haddock are used in
the manufacture of fish glue, and fish sounds
or air bladders are used extensively in the
manufacture of iSinglaSS, for clarifying bever-
ages in adheSyeS and in SZingS for linens and
silks. Agar agar, base for culture media in
the study of bacteria, is being recovered from
seaweeds. Seaweeds are also yielding iodine
and potassium salts. Eel skins are being
tanned for bookbndings, whips, suspenders and
other articles. The fresh-water mussel fishery,
which was formerly prosecuted for the taking
of pearls, is now the chief source of pearl but
tons.
The demand for oyster shells for use in the
manufacture of poultry grit and lime is now
greater than the visible supply, and beds Of
shells of ancient civilizations are continually
sought by exploration parties. Oyster shells
were once a drug on the market and oyster
packers paid TO have the shells removed from
their plants. The annual production of poul-
try grit and lime from oyster shells now reaches
total of 100000 tons, valued at 100000.
Extensive oyster investigations are being
made by the bureau and include studies of
oyster bottoms, factors that control spawning
and setting, seed-oyster production and collec-
ton, and the oyster drill Surveys of oyster
bottoms are being made in Mobile Bay Ala
bama; Mississippi Sound Mississippi Pamlico
Sound North Carolina, and in various inshore
areas of Long Island Sound. These investiga-
tions have shown that water temperature is
the most important factor in controlling the
development and ripening of spawn, and also
the time of spawning, and it has become pos
sible to, predict a.. month in advance when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
Government Lotteries, Banned by Lae0 in
United States, No7O in High Fa0or
Among Many Foreign Nations Where
Rich Prizes Are offered Through the
Medium of Bond Issues and Other Get
Rich-Quick Devices.

on the 1st, 18th and 22d Of every month in
the old Madrid Mint
Throughout the year the big prize Is 10000
pesetas "a peSeta is worth nearly 20 cents at
normal exchange rate). For New Year day 1t
jumps to 100000 pesetas, but ON the 22d Of
December the gordo is 100000 pesetas, and
in addition there are 9,150 smaller prizes total
ing 67,992,000 pesetas.
Spaniards all over the world buy tickets for
these lotteries and await with suspense the
announcements of the winners. As the sale Of
tickets is world wide. the persons who hold
them have year from the date Of the drawing
to redeem them The books in Madrid indi-
cate In what town the tickets were sold, but do
not give the name Of the owner.
In the Christmas lottery there are 90 tickets
to q number. In the ordinary drawing the
tickets cost S pesetas each and represent q
tenth share in q number. Tickets for O chance
on the gordo cost 10 pesetas each and. 20 Of
them-the entire strip-coSt about so.
1t takes a rich man to buy an entire number.
individuals and clubs invest in as many num-:
bers as possible through memberships and q
man who has q small share in 10 or 20 numbers
has so many more chances of winning o share
in some Of the prizes
From this lottery SIC, 000, 600 flows yearly into
the Golfers Of the state. In dividing the gross,
"a per cent is set aside for prizes . per cent
for expenses and about II per cent Tor the
state. The treasury's cut is greater than the
prearranged percentage. for some Of the unsold
tickets win prizes amounting to about 100000
annually, which reverts to the state.
While Spanish lottery tickets are sold In
South America, the Latin American govern
ments also run their own lotteries. Buenos
Aires operates the largest lottery. in which
the people annually spend little less than
$40,000,00O and receive back in prizes 60 per
cent, the remaining 40 per cent being distrib-
uted among hospitals.
The national lottery has q drawing every
week with alternating capital prizes of 100000
pesos and 10000 pesos Three or four times
a year the capital prize is increased to 100000
pesos. and on May IS and July 9, the two
national holidays. the drawings are for 100000
pesos.
The biggest event of the year is during the
week before Christmas, when the big money IS
100000 pesos and the 10 tickets on each
number are good for one-tenth of the million.
It often happens that one of these tenths. good
for 100 900 pesos, is won by pauper who has
saved all the year to get the 20 or 80 pesos
to pay for this one small piece of paper which
carried the hope of fortune.
The drawings are SO Conducted that public
faith in their fairness is unquestioned.
The procedure is simple and similar in all
European countries. A group OF ofacialS are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

His hand win bestoW upon an unknown per;
SON the gift of fortune. The boy bares his
arm to the elbow. raises It high, then pl'inges
his arm into the wheel. He withdraws curled
number in his fingers and hands it TO an offis
cial, who opens It for the governor to read.
The crowd listens with strained ears, for one
Of them may be 100000 richer.
Then the minor prizes come out, and tbs
boy finishes his Job by picking out in handfuls
the numbers which signify what bonds are to
be redeemed at face value.
WHILE the United States has outlawed lot
teries, they have been used frequently
as a money-raising device in the early days
of the Colonies. When the Quskers, in control
of Pennsylvania, refused to spend anything on
preparedness in 1747. Ben Franklin and his
friends conducted lottery to raise the money
necessary for the erection of o battery 10
defend the city Of Philadelphia against naval
attacks, and the common council took 1000
tickets.
Another lottery was "set afoot in 1855 10
raise 937S pieces Of eight" for the use Of the
college and academy" the ancestor Of the
University of Pennsylvania It was very COM
mon for churches IN those days to raise money
by means Of a lottery. but such practices finally
fell into disrepute.
Harvard College did not sniff at filling its
treasury from this source when the General
Court Of Massachusetts, granted 1t the right
to hold lottery in 1772. Ia 1874 and again
In 1906 the grant was repeated. and $4,000
was raised ON the final occasion.
Pennsylvania initiated the movement for the
suppression Of lotteries In 1888. The move
ment spread and 26 States had abolished and
forbidden them by 1875.
Louisiana was the last State TO hold lot.
terry. New Orleans was In financial distress In
1876. The bonded debt was $2O.000yO00 The
city council and State Legislature ratified o
scheme to convert these bonds. bearing an aver
age interest Of Th per cent. into prenl22s
bonds, redeemable in from to so years, with
per cent interest plus certain prizes.
These prizes-ranging from 5000 down 10
$40, totaling $4,000 each year-were drawn
semi-annually. and long after every other lot
terry in the Nation had been outlawed these
drawings continued to be held.
Records of Roman times tell of lotteries.
Nero gave prizes such as slaves and horses.
Elagabalus had odd ideas: one of his prizes
would be golden vase. another six flies.
English history abounds with stories Of Tho
use Of lotteries for public purposes. The firso
funds for the British Museum were obtains4
in that way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04

WEen the lottery drawings began In England
the west door Of st. Pauls Cathedral was
considered the proper place to hold them.
Que"n "Bess" used lottery to restore an exc
hauled exchequer when money was needed for
har5or and seacoast Notifications.
Westminster Bridge. spanning the Thames,
was built from the proceeds of a lottery. AS
the first drawing did not produce enough
money. Parliament authorized subsequent draw.
ings. which brought in funds to finish The
structure. s..,.t,..t,.. .,,y,s s,.fx 5
During the Revolutionary War, in ITS, tho
British fioated loan of $50 onO SeO in London.
In order to assure its success. several special
inducements were added. For every $500 inc
vested the subscriber received $500 in 8 pee
cene security and an annuity Of $3.50 fort30
years. while for every, $2.5o0 invested 1ha7Wass
entitled to four tickets costing sach1insa
SO 900 0Oo alothoryne Nlstts taEst,, aaik s. int
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-08-04
BY HARRY GOLDBERG.

~ HEN the horses finished two min
:: : !: ::::;: i; ::
pected fortune throughout the
Evening star., 1929-06-25
FLETCHER QUITS
PlOMAT|C CAREER
Resignation Accepted at Own
Request-May Seek Penn
sylvania Senate Seat.

The resignation of Henry p. Fletcher
as Ambassador to Rome. has been
accepted.
Mr.. Fletcher, whose home Is In PENN
sylvania, retires on his motion after 81
years service in the diplomatic corps.
During that time he has represented
the American Government at such i'm
portant posts as Mexico City and
Santiago, Chile, as well as Rome. He
also served as Undersecretary of State
under Charles Evans Hughes. and he
accompanied the President on his South
American tour made shortly after Mr.
Hoover was elected President.
The effective date of Fletcher's resig-
nation IS yet to be determind but it
probably will be September /, at the
expiration of the leave Of absence upon
which he soon is to start.
SO far as has been disclosed, the Presi-
dent has not yet determined upon a
successor to the veteran diplomat at
the Rome post.
A survey of the whole diplomatic
corps by Secretary Stimson is now in
process and a number Of changes are
expected during the next few months.
MIR. Fletcher will return to the United
States shortly. and although his plans
are not known, some of his friends say
he may run for the United States Sem
ate from Pennsylvania in the event the
seat Of William s. Ware, Republican, OF
that State, should be declared vacant,
or at the expiration of the term for
which Ware was elected
Evening star., 1929-06-25
INQUEST POSTPONED
IN DEATH OF SINGER
Adjournment Ordered to Permit
Examination of Body for
Poison.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 25.-An inquest into
the death of Sir Mortimer Singer, a
native of Yonkers, N. Y, and member
Of the Singer Sewing Machine family,
was adjourned today until July 13,
after preliminary testimony to enable
an analysis to be made of the contents
of his stomach.
DR.. Robert Bakewell, who had at
tended Sir Mortimer, said that he
could not state the cause of death
definitely, although it might have been
due to coma. but that he did not think
it was due to natural causes.
Sir Mortimer died In nursing home,
where he had been undergoing treat
ment for intestinal disorders and Sleep
lessness.
During today's inquest a letter left
by him was read, saying among other
things:
II am still wide awake notwithstand-
ing all the drugs have taken. can
not stand 1t any longer"
Sir Mortimer was the eldest son of
Isaac Merritt Singer, inventor of the
Singer Sewing Machine. He was born
In Yonkers 66 years ago and became
a naturalized British subject in 1900.
He was widely known as sportsman
and for his philanthropic work.
Evening star., 1929-06-25

Telephone i'm Plane
In u. S. Successfully
LinkedWith London
Reporter 5000 Feet Up
Goes 90 Miles an Hour
While Talking.
BY WILLIAM w. CHAPLIN,
Associated Press Stan Writer.

HADLEY FIELD, N. j., June 25.-
An Associated Press reporter attached
to the New York ONCE scared through
the clouds above this flying field to-
day and talked by transatlantic tele-
phone with Miss Martha Dalrymple Of
the Associated Press STAFF In London.
It wasn't STORY" in the strict news
paper. sense. but more In the nature of
social call negotiated In successful
experiment to link transoceanic tele-
phone service with airplane radio.
Participating In the gossiping party.
but using separate connections, were
representatives Of other American press
associations and q representative Of
Reuters. Ltd, of London, o British
gathering agency. All talked with
members OF their London steffs.
After the take-off in q specially
equipped plane of the American Tele-
phone y telegraph Co.. the Associated
CONTINUED on Page 2, Column A.
Evening star., 1929-06-25
FARMER Is JAILED
ON TORTURE CHARGE
Accused Of Holding Boy Swimmer
Over Bonfire, New York Man
Awaits Hearing.
Ru the Assaciated press.

ROCHESTER. N. Y, June 25.-Ac.
cused of torturing 14-year-old boy by
holding him over a bonfire until his
right leg and hip we're seriously burned
Frank Cromwell, Sc, a farmer, living in
the town of Greece, was In jail toGay
awaiting a hearing on an assault
charge.
The boy, George Foley, has been un-
der the continuous care of physician
since he limped home last Thursday
afternoon and told his mother that he
had been tortured by the farmer.
According to the story later reported
to Assistant District Attorney Napo-
dano by the mother. Mrs. Elva Foley,
the boy had been swimming, in COM
pany with several companions. They
had just lighted fire to warm them
selves when Cromwell appeared and
grabbed young. Foley, who denied stars
ing the bonfire. Lawrence Casterchino
one of Foleyss companions, corroborated
his playmate's story that Cromwell had
held the youth In the flames until he
had been critically burned.
Cromwell was arrested yesterday and
held in jail without bail.
Evening star., 1929-06-25
BRITAIN PROPOSES
RECOGNITION OF
So WET RUSSIA
Communicates With Domin-
ions Seeking Agreement on
World Court Clause.
AUSTRALIA HITHERTO
RELUCTANT TO SIGN
Macdonald Hopes to Show Complete
Agreement When He Visits
Geneva in September.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 25.--Important nego-
tiations by the new Labor government
on empire affairs, including the question
of resumption of diplomatic relations
with Soviet Russia, were announced to-
day to be in progress on Labor's first
day Of parliamentary life.
The government has communicated
with all the dominions in an effort to
gain agreement on signing of the op-
tional clause Of the World Court
statutes, under which questions of In
ternational law would be submitted to
the Permanent Court of international
Justice at The Hague.
Report Dominions Informed.
The Laborite Daily Herald today said
also that the Labor government has In
formed the dominion governments that
it proposes to resume Diplomatic rela-
tions with Russia.
The World Court matter requires
agreement of all the dominionS, and 1t
is expected this can be secured with
out much trouble. Australia hitherto
was believed to be the only dominion
reluctant to sign the optional clause,
and 1t is understood this reluctance has
now been removed to a great extent.
In any event, Premier Ramsay Mac
Donald Is hopeful of being able to show
complete empire agreement on the
World Court when he visits the League
Of Nations Assembly at Geneva in Sep
tember.
SO far as Russia is concerned, the
Labor government is already pledged
to renewal of diplomatic negotiations.
This is regarded by the Laborites as a
necessary and important step toward
the desired increase In British trade
with the Soviet unicn.
Evening star., 1929-06-25

Both the Fire Department rescue
squads and police reserves were called
out this morning to extricate 5-year-old
Jack McIntire of III Seventeenth street
southeast. who put his foot into a
sewer pipe and was unable to get 1t
out.
The youngster was playing in front
Of ll9 Seventeenth street with group
OF children when he inadvertently
stepped into the exposed end Of 3-inch
cast iron sewer pipe, which was partly
concealed by grass.
The 3-inch pipe was screwed into
the main sewer line, about 18 inches
below the ground surface, and Jacks
foot went all the way through. He
and his playnates tugged and pulled.
but were unable to release the foot.
Then the hremen and police were called.
Members OF the rescue squad tried
Evening star., 1929-06-25

that the two men can hold many busi-
ness consultations during the short rec
reatton hours after supper each evening.
Awake early this morning after he
had been lodged temporarily in north
room and his name had entered the
books as No. 1916, Day shaved and
dressed In light gray Summer suit,
white shirt and blue tie and waited i'm
patiently for the breakfast hour which
would give him the first opportunity to
see Sinclair, since the latter's departure
from New York to begin his sentence.
After breakfast Day was finger
printed" and questioned by Maj Peake
as TO his qualifications for a prison task
A few minutes later he was assigned
as assistant to j. w. Pratt, the chief
storekeeper in the commissary depart
ment.
During the World War Day served as
Continued on Page 2, Column 81
Evening star., 1929-06-25

Charles w. King, SO years old, blind
and partially deaf, sat before Justice
William Hitz and jury of nine men
and three women in portion of the
Courthouse which as a prosperous con-
tractor he built in 1882 and asked to
be awarded quantity of silverware and
household effects, radio and an auto
mobile which he claimed were wrongly
detained from him by has daughter,
Alice X. Rooney, and her husband,
Harold e. Rooney.
The father had sued out a writ OF
repleyin july %, 1927. and the case was
Sust reached for trial.
The witness was led to Q chair near
Evening star., 1929-06-25
CATHEDRAL is LEFT
s1,0DD,ODO IN WILL
Alexander S. Cochran Be-
queaths Endowment Fund
for Preachers College.
sv the Associated press.

8y the ASSoclated PreSS,
WHITE PLAINS, N. Y, June u.s.
Many charitable bequests are made in
the will of Alexander Smith Cochran,
wealthy carpet manufacturer, sports
man and philanthropist. which was
filed for probate today. The value of
the estate was estimated at about $35,-
100000 and upward.
Among the charitable bequests was
one of 81, ,000,0o to the chapter of the
National Cathedral. Washington, D. O..
as an endowment fund for the Col
Mr.. Cochran. who died recently at
Saranac Lake, left his residuary estate
to his eldest nephew, Thomas Ewing,
jr.. son Of Thomas Ewing, United States
patent commissioner during the Wilson
administration Its value is estimated
at about $10,O00,000.
Five brothers and sisters will receive
81 900, 900 each and employees, who have
served 20 years or more for the estate
will receive 1000 each. 1t Is estimated
that 1000 employees viii share in the es-
tate.
A gift of $25o,000 for the building
Of the College of Preachers at the
Washington Cathedral was announced
in the Fall of 1927 upon the return of
Bishop James z. Freeman from Europe
and at the same time Bishop Freeman
said that there was q likelihood Of
securing an endowment fund from the
same source.
Arrangements for the gift We're con-
sl1mmated in Europe. The name of the
donor was not announced.
Since then work on the College Of
Preachers has gone ahead rapidly and
workmen now are putting the finishing
touches on the interior work part of
the building, 1t is expected, will be used
for the first time at a conference of
clergymen in September, and it will be
dedicated formally in November.
Evening star., 1929-06-25
20 HELD IN MEMPHIS
ON BOOTLEG CHARGES
Total of 251 Warrants Issued as
Result of Activities of
Undercover Agents.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MEMPHIS, Tenn, June 25.-Twenty-
nine alleged bootleggcrs were arrested
this morning and total Of 251 war
rants have been issued as the result
of the activities of undercover prohibi-
ton agents who have been working
here for several days.
The agents started out this morning
with warrants and began serving them.
z. j. Bsnet. prohibition agent assigned
to the Memphis territory. was stationed
at the county jail to receive the prison.
ers, whose numbers gradually increased.
Officers said that the raids were the
most sweeping ever made by prohibition
agents here.
Evening star., 1929-06-25
Firemen and Police Reserves Called
To Extricate Boy 5 Foot From Pipe

various means, but they. too. were
unable to dislodge Jacks foot and leg
from the pipe. Finally resourceful
fireman conceived the IDEA of unscrew-
ing the pipe, boy and all, from its
connection, The dirt was dug away
from the sides and a wrench fitted
to the pipe. One fireman turned Jack
while another turned the pipe, and
after o few seconds the boy was lifted
free, his leg stiIl encased in its iron
sheeting.
hammer and chisel were then called
into play, and after a few deft blows
the pipe was cut away from the boys
that the youngsters skin was not
scratched.
None the worse for his experience,
Jack was taken in by neighbors to
await the return of Mrs. McIntire, who
was downtown on q shopping trip.