davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

continuous progress took place I'M
til in 1914, 1912 pairs of wires could
be put into a single telephone cable,
the wires being No. "A gauge. Now
the era of the 1918 pairs of wires
has arrived.
Development of Newest Cable
This new cable is the result of
several important developments,
one of which is the use of smaller
wire. The size Of wire in telephone
cables is usually indicated by num-
bers in which a larger number indi-
Gates smaller wire. Thus the rs
gauge wire used in the new 1873
pair cable is smaller than the No.
"a wire which is used in the 1912
pair cable and which, in turn, sup
plemented the 22 gauge wire in a
cable containing 900 pairs of wires
and the No. IS gauge cable on
tanning 455 pairs. No. 10 wire. used
to a great extent in Long Distance
cables, is somewhat larger than
an ordinary pin. No. 26 wire is
about half the diameter of an ordi-
nary pin and a little more than
twice the diameter of No. 80 cotton
thread, but over this fine wire the
voice can travel successfully if the
distance is not too great.
Another important development
is the multiple unit" arrangement
of the wires inside the cable. Pre-
viously the cable was manufactured
by wrapping additional wires until
the full size was reached, so that a
c-ross-section resembled a cross
section of a tree with circular
rings. The multiple unit structure,
however, mean that the cable con-
sists of a number of component
units, so that the new 1918 pair
cable consists Of eighteen groups
of wires, each of which possesses
1O1 pairs. These eighteen units
are twisted together to form the
cable, after which it is completed
by the covering of lead. The multi
pie unit structure is an important
advantage in splicing a cable with
so many pairs and also in its manu-
facture.
The use of thinner paper for in
sulatfng the individual wires has
also helped to make the new cable
possible. Machines which would
apply the thinner paper without
breaking it had to be perfected.
The principal use for this newly
developed cable viii be in cities
and towns, especially in the con-
gested business sections. It's chief
application will be for connecting
subscribers to central offices, but
it is likely that there will be some
use of the cable for providing con-
nections between central offices
when they are located near each
other. This new cable is now be-
ing installed in widely separated
! parts Of the country.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28
BY JOHN B.. o'BRIEN

@HERE is now coming into
regular use in the Bell Sys-
A tenn a new type Of telephone
cable, a cable that contains as many
as 1896 single wires, or eighteen
hundred and eighteen pairs of
wires.
This is an important advance in
the telephone art, as it increases
by 1912 the number of single wires
| contained in a cable which is not
much larger than a mans wrist.
With the great increase in tele-
phone traffic in cities and towns
throughout the country and the
consequent large number of wires
placed beneath the streets, this
new development is of great sig
~nificance, for it means that in
many cases streets will not have to
be dug up in order to put in ducts
for additional cable.
Early Cables
The first telephone circuits, fol
lowing the invention of the teie-
phone, consisted of open wire, but
the development of underground
cables began at an early date. This
was the era of the single wire. Dur
ing the first decade of cable devel-
opment, many different types OF
construction were employed. Rub
Der and gutta-percha were tried,
but although well suited for tele-
graphic purposes, caused the tele-
phone to work very badly, voices
frequently becoming almost I'M
recognizable and sounds being
mufied and hollow. For a time, oil
insulation was used to a consider
able extent, and in one cable at
least, each one of about twenty
wires was enclosed in a glass tube
surrounded by grease and rosln.
Then came cotton covered wires,
having the cotton im~pregnated
with parafin. Trials of emitting
the oil filling and later the parafin,
eliminated in experiments carried
on with manila paper as a COW
ering for the wires, resulting
in the dry core cable now
in general use. 1t was a gradual
evolution from cotton insulated
filed cables to paper insulated dry
core cable, with many different
types of cable in the transition.
Up to 1892 the efforts OF tele-
,)hone engineers had succeeded in
| placing fifty pairs Of No. Is gauge
| wires within a cable as large as
| could conveniently be handled. In
| 1892, means were found to make
cables containing 100 pairs of No.
| 10 gauge wires. Continued develop
ment increased the number of
| wires gradually until, In 1901, the
900 pair No. 10 gauge cable be-
| came available. Following this,
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

d. c., but maybe I'd go to Wash
ington some other time, and pro-
badly l never would get another
chance to go to Blue Ridge.
I'm writing this letter in class,
a thing I've eve done before.
but who wants to listen to a chem
istry lecture when the air is heavy
with w~isteria and the perfume of
lilacs. Both the white and the
purple lilacs are blooming, and
oh, the gorgeous tulips.
Editor-in-chief
I've some more news, too, I've
been elected editor-in-chief of the
Grapnachat, our college paper. |
did not want the position at all,
for | don't think there is a position
in college that calls for more
work and responsibility, and oh,
those editorials. If it's a big job
for an experienced woman like
Ercella Bennett who is a senior,
what won't it be for me? But I'm
glad | wasn't made business
Ercella will be here this
summer to help me. | don't know
whether my editorship begins in
June or September.
Love to everyone, Jean.
In next weeks issue a letter
Miss Taylor will tell of her
interesting time at the conference
at Blue Ridge, N. G.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28
JEAN TAYLOR EDITOR IN-CHIEF
OF VIRGINIA COLLEGE PAPER
Daughter of MIR. and Mrs. c. d. Taylor Makes Good
In East-Enjoys Beauties Of Nature.

Several letters from Jean Tay-
lor. graduate of the Wolf Point
high school will be enjoyed by her
many friends and schoolmates.
East Radford, Va, April 16
Dear Folks: Your long letter
came this morning. l was so glad
to get some news of home doings
once more. I've been chasing off
on another weekend trip. There's
just one Saturday in the last five
that I've stayed here. DR.. Jean
has been so anxious to get some
arbutus so Leila Smith told us
there was lots of it out near her
home and invited us to come, so
we did. We started at $3.50 p. m.
and got there at Z. The last ten
miles took us nearly an hour, for
it was over steep, rough, rocky
mountain roads. Smiths live back
in the sticks as they call it, but,
oh, it's lovely there. There are
fruit trees around the house and
the petals drift across the yard
like snow.
The house is on a steep slope,
with pines and an orchard above
and a brawling stream and a
mill with a big water wheel below.
How We did eat! Such biscuits
and milk, apples, %jellies, straw
berry preserves and ham and
chicken. Leila and Jean and l
stayed up late making fudge and
taffy to bring back with us. All
the ten children are grown and
gone and there are just the two
old folks and a darling 6-year-old
grandson. 1t seemed so good to
be out in the country again, in the
kitchen washing dishes instead of
in a dormitory writing book re-
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28
Three Children Die
From Kerosene Blast

MOUNT PLEASANT, Pa. Three
children burned to death in a fire
which destroyed the home OF
Harry Wilkinson at R%uffsdale. An
explosion of kerosene with which
one of the children was lighting a
fire in the stove caused the blaze.
The dead are Helen, IL; Viii
lard, 8, and Evelyn Wilkinson, 3
months. Mrs. Wilkinson and two
other children were treated for
burns.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28
A RARE BIT OF OLD CHINA

EEOST visitors to San
80 Francisco plan to
see the Chinatown tele-
phone exchange, and
during the S um m e T
there are about 10000
visitors every month.
The building is of Chi
nese design, with a
~three-pagoda roof, the
exterior painted in
green, red and black,
and the interior in
black, Chinese red and
gilt. When the ex-
change was p e q
there were 100 sub
scribers and three OPP
orators. Now there are
$500 subscribers and
nineteen operators, al
of whom must knoW
the name of every sub
scriber, for the Chinese
insist on calling by
name instead of by
number.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

ports. 1 enjoyed it more than any
of our city trips. We went to
Sunday school with the Smiths.
DR.. Jean taught the adult class.
Then we climbed over what must
be one of the biggest mountains
in Virginia, Judging by the way
we felt after) and found arbutus,
wild honeysuckle and violets, etc.
At an old abandoned place we
found wisteria, bridal wreath and
several other kinds of flowers.
In the attic of the old house was
a spinning wheel and broken loom.
We brought back a lot of flowers
with us and some apples.
Did you ever see anything love-
lier than an apple tree in bloom?
| believe l could stay out there
all summer, studying birds and
flowers and trees. We're going to
give our May Festival down at
Galax after we give it here.
Lovingly, Jean.
Convention Delegate
May 18th.
Dear Mama: Just think! I'm
one of the five girls chosen to go
with "Chick" Scott, our Y. w.
President, to represent Radford
at the conference at Blue Ridge,
N. c. June 5th to 14th, to which
will come Y. w. c. A. delegates
from all over Eastern United
States. The college and the Y.
w. pays all but S25 of each girls
expenses. Some of the girls say
they would scrub floors, if neces-
sary, to get to go. The conference
comes during the vacation between
the spring and summer quarters
when Doctor Jean and | had
planned to drive to Washington,
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

1fedliy OifiPiiiCo iHlPOTtdfl TT
~ OUNTING by weighing is
one of the methods used at
~ the great telephone factories
of the Western Electric Company
to keep track of the enormous
numbers of small parts which are
handled daily. AS suppliers to the
entire Bell System, the Western
Electric must maintain an enor-
nous manufacturing schedule, and
keep large stocks of parts and ap-
paratus on hand. In doing both of
these much counting is necessary.
A simple yet ingenious method
has been worked out for determin-
ing the number of parts from their
weight. The obvious method, of
course, would be to count and
weigh a few parts, then weigh the
entire lot and use arithmetic to
get the W Instead, by using
some of the parts themselves as
weights, the simple principle of the
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

beam scale allows the work to be
greatly simplified.
The containers holding the parts
to be counted are put on the main
scale platform, which is set level
with the floor, and the operator
sets a certain adjustment on the
scale to compensate for the weight
of the containers used. He then
transfers enough of the small parts
to the pan on the scale arm to
bring the scale into balance. All
that is necessary then is to null
tiply the number of parts thus
transferred by 100, or whatever the
ratio for the particular scale is, and
the answer is the total number of
parts in the containers on the scale
platform.
This method of counting is so
accurate that it can also be used
in making up for shipment, pack
ages of many kinds of parts.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

THERE is now coming into
regular use in the Bell Sys-
A tenn a new type Of telephone
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

continuous progress took place I'M
til in 1914, 1912 pairs of wires could
be put into a single telephone cable,
the wires being No. "A gauge. Now
the era of the 1918 pairs of wires
has arrived.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28
Children In Battle;
Mothers Pull Hair

San Antonio, Tex. A fight,
started by their children, brought
Mrs. Francis P. Vela, 90, and Mrs.
Cecilia Moore, 80, into Corpor-
alton Court on charges of ARRAY.
Mrs. Vela had a black eye in
court. Blows were exchanged and
hair was pulled. Mrs. Vela fell
upon the ground and Mrs. Moore
lay atop of her, according to testi-
mony. Judge Dave Wilson fined
each of them SIS.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1929-06-28

The fellow who talked about
the silent night lived before the
age of the loud speaker-The OF
taWa Journal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
Flood of Gifts Swamp,
Japan's Royal Household

So many presents were sent to the
emperor and empress of Japan in cele-
bration of the enforcement that it
will be some time yet before they can
all be arranged for inspection. All of
them will have been handed over to
the imperial household department some
time in FEBRUARY. Permission had to be
obtained from the household authorities
before any public group could send a
present.
BY the middle of January over 1000
of these special permits had been grant
ed and $50 of such gifts received
These, of course, were in addition to
the host of articles which come from
high officials prominent Japanese and
foreign rulers.
Among the novel presents which the
emperor has received is an electric
clock which tells the time in many diff
ferent parts Of the world simultane-
ously. This was sent by the city Of
Kobe.
Other unique presents include huge
stuffed turtle from the Loochoo Is
lands; a large stone lantern and a
white bearskin IL feet square from
japanese residents Of sssssls. :Wssh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

of sorts) as "holdovers" from the late
administration and action concerning
them by the Senate as unnecessary.
But the Senate adopted resolution
directing its judiciary committee ito
inquire into and report to the Senate,
"a whether the head of any depart
ment of the Government may legally
hold Office as such after the expiration
of the term of the President by whom
he was appointed; and 90 whether, in
view of the provisions of the laws of the
United States, Andrew w. Mellon may
legally hold the Office of Secretary OF
the Treasury"
The significant passages of the pro-
visions alluded to read as follows: mo
person appointed to the Office of the
Treasury shall directly or indirectly be
concerned or interested in carrying on
business or trade or commerce.; and,
ANY internal revenue officer who is or
shall become interested, directly or in
directly, in the production. rectification
or redistillation of distilled spirits, shall
be dismissed from Office"
Scarcely any one expects even the
wrath OF mouse to emerge from the
mountainous resolution, but its adoption
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

SEVENTEEN Congress, so that this, like
sindry other proposed measures OF the
short session, died the death.
Perhaps the most important clause in
Mr.. Hoover's inaugural address Is the
following:
II propose to appoint national COM
mission for searching investigation of
the whole structure of our Federal Sys-
tenn of jurisprudence to include the
method of enforcement of the eight
eenth amendment and the causes Of
abuse under it. Its purpose will be to
make such recommendations for reor-
ganization of the administration Of
Federal laws and court procedure as
may be found desirable
1 1t would appear Though not from the
inaugural address, that Mr.. Hoover ad-
vocates transfer Of a. large part of pro-
hibition enforcement from the Treasury
Department to the Department of JUS
tice.a
On March the Senate in brief extra
ordinary session, confirmed the nominal
tons for cabinet portfolios of Stimson,
Good, Mitchell, Brown, Adams, Wilbur,
Hyde and Lamont. Mr.. Hoover did not
submit the names of Mellon and Davis,
regarding them lthere is precedent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

flames consuming all property and
decency
prophet as remote from Dean Inge
in outlook and philosophy as H. G.. Wells
agrees that the democratic system is
crumbling, but sees the collapse as the
natural crash of an outworn house and
is not quite sure whether arising upon
the ruins of the senile system he
glimpSeS the Socialist Utopia of his
dreams or an oligarchic society along
the lines that are depicted in his when
the Sleeper Wakes"
Getting back to earth from realms SO
speculative that all one glimpses there
may be pure fantasy, one gllmpses there
that the optimistS are largely senti-
mentaliStS tthe term Is no disparage-
Fment, for almost all of England'S great
est statesmen, adventures and empire
makers have been saturated with senti-
ment1, who hold that England and
English character have always survived
these strains and stresses and that there
is no reason why the present phase,
menacing as 1t seems, should not some
how or other be muddled through.
Midway between these two schools
come the realists who hope and cal
culate that trade will revive before the
unrest can intensity itself and grow
into political tidal wave which will
throw into power the unripe Socialist
party in the clutch of the extremist
element, which plans a predatory raid
upon accumulated wealth and the whole
sale naturalization of banks and in
dustry for the benefit of the masses on
the border line of hunger.
Cement Of British Structure.
Somewhere between the interstices of
all these come those quiet earnest men
who have always been the cement of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10
HOOVER FIGHTS TO KEEP
CAPABLE i. S. OFFICIALS
Completes With Private Enterprise Seek
ing TO Outbid Government
for Services.

BY the irony of fate, the men Presi-
dent Hoover would like most to retain
at Washington include those he is most
likely to lose. They begin with the OIL
Gals of the executive departments. who
comprise the so-called little cabinet"
They are the Undersecretaries and As
sistant Secretaries; the presidents and
chairmen of various Federal commits
sions: the chiefs of divisions and of
subdivisions, and the heads of countless
bureaus of varying degrees of magni-
tude A few of these men receive
salaries of $4,000 year. BY far the
majority of them get from $4,000 to
$500 year. There is hardly one of
them who could not, at the cost of a
long distance telephone call to New
York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston,
Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, st. Louis, or
San Francisco, tie up with firm or a
corporation eager to hire him at double
and treble his Washington pay check.
One Instance Is Cited.
President Hoover is in no doubt that
lot of these seasoned highly expert
enced civil servants are going to desert
the ship OF state and answer the siren
call of seductive salaries in private life.
Probably the case of HoOVer'S intimate
friend, DR.. Julius Klein, is a classic in
stance. The President has certain plans
for DR.. Klein's continued employment
in the Government. One of the re-
ported plans is to make Klein the White
House liaison officer between the various
executive departments. 1t is to be a
$4,000 post, when Congress creates It.
As chief of the Bureau of Foreign and
Domestic Commerce under Hoover in
the Department of Commerce. DR.. Klein
has made national and even an inter-
national reputation. The certainty is
that any one of dozen great Amer
lean industrial corporations would be
happy to employ DR.. Klein as its sales
export manager at wages designed to
make his present $500 Washington
salary look like pin money. The same
thing applies to Gen. Lord. A man
who can effect in Government the
economies the director of the budget
has to his credit during the past seven
years would be worth his weight in gold
per annum to some concern like Cen
eral Motors or the United States Steel
Corporation or the National City Bank.
President Hoover's wish to keep the
800, 900 men and women on the Federal
pay roll in Government service, II their
records are good doesn't mean that
they're all to be kept on the same jobs
they now have. The Hoover personnel
decree mentions shifts" that may be
necessary. This doubtless refers to the
reorganization plans the President Is
known to have up his sleeve. He will
wage unrelenting war on overlapping
and duplication in the Government
departments as soon as he can clear
for action This will inevitably entail
transfers of thousands of employees to
other branches of the service. It will
be a miracle if it does not also involve
letting thousands of them out Of the
service altogether.
copyright, 1921
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-03-10

| British Structure-the men who are
working outside of politics and outside
Of business interests. like the general of
thin army who bluff and fight alter
nately, holding q superior enemy at
bay until the arrival of reserves-in this
case the revival of trade, the end of the
transition stage through which industry
Is passing. and perhaps the spread of
birth control knowledge further down
| through the social strata.
Here 1t may be mentioned that the
outside ObServer-Who sees only the mass
of unemployed In the basic coal indus
try. business and employment further
depressed by the February jump in the
party capitalizing social unrest for po-
litical ends-is getting the British pic
ture out of its true perspective
The nation is hard up and hard hit.
She has probably 100000 of unem-
ployed, Of whom 100000 are receiving
the dole. National and war debts cost
around 81 500 100000 year. Her So
cial services-bribeS for the masses, the
die-hard element calls thenl-cost her
as much again. The state shoulders half
the cost of insurance and medical at
tention for the workers. Child workers
get free education. Aged workers get
state pensions. Unemployed get the dole,
which now totals $5,000,000 week.
These items are chiefly responsible for
keeping Great Britain the most heavily
taxed nation on earth.
Economic Problems Hard.
Her economic problems are not eased
by the fact that industry is steadily
moving south from its century-old CEN
ter in the north, and Is in transition,
and that old industries which have abb
sorbed great masses of labor are de-
pressed, perhaps permanently de-
pressed, while younger industries and
expanding new businesses are spring
ing up in the sleepy south, the net re-