Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-11-12
ARMISTICE DAY ADDRESS
STRESSES NEEDS OF PEACE
Advocates for First Time Outlawry of
Destruction of FOOdstuffs as
Means of Warfare.

| between nations. There are peoples as
| pirtng to a greater measure OF Self-goV-
eminent. There are the fears of inva-
sion and domination bequeathed to all
humanity from its former wars. There
are a host of age-old controversies
whose Specters haunt the world, which
at any time may touch the springs OF
fear and Ill will.
We must frankly accept the fact,
therefore, that we and all the nations
of the world will be involved, for all
future time, in small or great contro-
versies and frictions arising out Of all
these multiple causes. In these contro-
verSieS Turk the subtle danger that ma
tional temper at any moment may be-
come heat and that emotion may arise
to the flaming point. Therefore, peace
must be the result of unceasing en-
deavor.
Further Needs for Peace.
I have said that recently we have
covenanted with other civilized nations
not only to renounce war as an inStru-
ment of national policy. but also we
have agreed that we shall settle all
controversies by pacific nTNls. But the
machinery for pacific settlement of dis
putes among nations is as yet made
Quate. We need to strengthen our own
provisions for it. Our State Depart
ment is the first OF these means. 1t
must be strengthened and supported as
the great arm of our Government, dedi-
Gated to the organization Of peace. We
need further to extend our ereaties with
other countries providing methods for
reference of controversies to confer
ence, to inquiry as to fact, or to arbi-
tration, or to judicial determination.
We have need to define the rules Of
conduct ~ NnffONR and 20 formulate a
authoritative system of international
law. We have need, under proper reSer-
vationS, to support the World Court, in
order that we may secure judicial de-
termination Of certain types Of contro-
verSieS and build up precedentS which
add to the body of international law.
BY these agencies we relegate a thou
sand frictionS to orderly processes Of
settlement, and by elaboration in Rc-
ton we prevent their development into
national Inflammation.
We are also interested that other
nations shall settle by pacific means the
controversies arising between them.
From every selfish point of view the
preservation of peace among other ma
tons is of interest to the United States.
In such wars we are in constant danger
Of intanglement because of interior
ence with the widespread activities
importance than this, our ideals and
our hopes are for the progress Of jus
tice through the entire world. We de-
sire to see all humanity relieved Of the
hideous blight of war and of the cruel
ties and injustices that lead to war.
We are interested in all methods that
can be devised to assure the settlement
of all controversies between nations.
There are today two roads to that
end. The European nations have, by
the covenant of the League Of Nations,
agreed that If nations shall fail to
settle their differences peacefully, then
force should be applied by other nations
to compel them to be reasonable. We
have refused to travel this road. We
are confident that at least in the West
ern Hemisphere, public opinion will SUI
nee TO check violence. This is the road
We propose to travel. What we urgently
need in this direction is q further de-
velopment OF methods for reference OF
unsettled controversies to joint inquiry
by the parties, assisted by friendly ma
tions, in order that action may be stayed
and that the aggreSSor may be subjected
to the searchlight Of public opinion.
Must Remove Causes.
And we have another task equally
great as the settlement of incidental
COIlbEOVeISleS. we must, where OppOT-
tunity offers work steadfastly to remove
the deeper causes and frictions, which
lead to disputes and i'll will. One of
those causes is competition in arma-
ment. In order to stir q nation to the
expenditures and burdens of increased
armament some danger and some enemy
must be envisaged. Fears and distrust
must be used as q goad to stir the ma
ton forward to competitive effort. No
one denies that the maintenance of great
armament is burden upon the backs of
all who toll. The expenditure for 1t
curtails vast projects of human better
ment which governments might under
take. Every man under arms means
that some other man must bear an extra
burden somewhere. But a greater cost
is the i'll will resulting from rivalry be-
tween nations in construction Of arma-
ments.
1t is first and foremost to rid our
| selves of this danger that have again
! initiated naval negotiations. have
full confidence in the success of the
conference which will assemble next
a L