davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
Hope in Peace Agencies
Reiterated by Hughes

From the Spokane Spokesman-Review.
Charles Evans Hughes, addressing the
American Society of international Law.
of which ne is president, at washington
Wednesday, reiterated his faith in the
World Court of Justice and the Kellogg
peace treaty, by which the signatory
powers pledge themselves to solve all
disputes and controversies by pacific
means. These agencies, in the judg-
ment of this eminent authority, offer
the best hope of diminishing warfare
and the ultimate advent of peace.
deviSing a formula that makes 1t pos
sible for the United States to enter the
World Court.
The endearing term Of elder states
men" can fittingly be applied to these
pre-eminent figures in American states
manship. They speak calmly, with
weight of authority won by long and
faithful service to their country and,
in a broader sense, to the world. In
this group Of elder statesmen" also
should be included Chief Justice Taft
of the Supreme Court and ex-President
Coolidge. The country sees that they
are free from faint of demagogy, and
that their dispassionate judgments are
not influenced by the exigencies of
practical politics or the temptations of
opportunism, to which some good and
able men occasionally yield when In
the strife of political rivalries.
It L. good for a Nation to have men
Of this high type, tried by long service
and found true. dependable, courageous
Aad unswayed BY personal ambition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
Oil on Troubled Waters.

President Hoover is taking lead in
movement to iron out the differences
which have arisen among the Republi-
cans of the Senate over farm relief
And properly so. Mr.. Hoover is not only
President of the United States, but he
is also the actual leader and head of
the Republican party today. Under the
system of party government which pre-
walls, it is his duty, so far as possible.
to see that all parts of the machinery
operate smoothly. The rift that has
arisen in the Senate over the so-called
export debenture plan of aiding the
farmers has serious possibilities.
The two Republican Senators whose
names have come most conspicuously
into the party split, or debenture, are
Borah of Idaho and Tess of Ohio. Sen
ator Borah supported the debenture in
the face of the opposition of Mr. Hoo
yer. Senator Fess upheld the position Of
the administration and criticized bit
terly the Republicans who failed to fol-
low Mr.. Hoover's leadership in this
manner. Yesterday Senator Borah was
the guest Of the President at luncheon,
and Senator Fess was at the White
House for dinner. Mr.. Hoover is q
gracious host. His ability to win men
across the conference table is known to
all those who have come in contact
with him. 1t is not inconceivable that
the Presidents move for peace in Re-
publican ranks will prove effective.
Ever since the publication of sharp
Borah last week there has been the ex-
pectancy of clashes in the Senate itself.
Senator Brookhart of Iowa, one of the
thirteen "willful" Republicans in the
Senate, who abandoned the administra-
ton In the vote on the debenture
plar, announced that he would discuss
pseudo Republicans" on the floor of
the Senate today. He may well cast q
spark into the magazine box. If, how
ever, Senators Fess and Borah do not
mix In an acrimonious debate the in
cident may pass without such unfor-
tunate results for the party as might
otherwise arise.
The strife over the debenture among
the Republicans, while bad enough in
itself. does not measure the extent OF
the breach which may be driven into
Republican ranks. The danger lies in
the possibility of a permanent estrange-
ment between the White House and the
present insurgent Senators. With the
tariff bill in the ofling, measure
which may make or mar the Hoover
administration, harmony in Republican
ranks is particularly desirable.
The Presidents efforts as a peace
maker therefore contain unusual signif-
icance for the party. Republicans in the
past have shown great ability to get
together at critical moments. In this
respect they have proved themselves
more able than their Democratic oppo-
nents. Today, however, there appears
to be q real crisis in which leadership
Of the highest order Is needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
HOusecleaning Seen
In Justice Department

From the Columbus Ohio state Journal.
Evidently the new Attorney General
at Washington had some information
on which he based his recent order for
an investigation of the district attor-
neys who represent his department at
the various Federal courts. The order
as made public was to secure informa-
ton relative to the efficiency of the
men in ONCE and the manner in which
they cared for the business of the
Government in civil and criminal cases.
The investigation has not been COM
pleted, but three designations have
come from district attorneys. New
stories from Washington are that a
number Of other designations are ex-
pected. In that statement Is the im-
piled suggestion that designations might
De demanded II they are not voluntary.
Apparently the task Is housekeeping
in the Department of Justice.
Heads OF Federal departments at
Washington are not left free to make
their own appointments in all cases.
Senators demand recognition and ap-
pointmentS; the same Is true Of many
members Of the Lower House of Con-
gresS. State leaders join in the fight
and many times appointments that are
unsatisfactory to the head of the de-
partment are made as a matter Of po-
litical expediency. 1t is well to have
Senators, Representatives and State
leaders supply information. but 1t is the
wrong method when they unite in q
demand for particular appointment
1t Is not promotive of the best interests
of the Government, 1t does not provide
for the public the service IL has q right
to expect, and 1t hgings trouble many
times.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
Oak Trees Described
In Nearby MARYLAND

To the Editor Of The Star:
It was indeed q graceful act for the
Federation of Women's Clubs to plant
a tree in Lafayette Park for the be-
loved First Lady," Grace Coolidge. 1t
seems particularly fitting that it should
be an oak, one of the most beautiful
beneficent and dependable of all our
native trees. And especially a red oak,
whose rich brilliance in Autumn will
cheer the grayest days.
In studying the trees on a 40-acre
piece of woodland in nearby Maryland
I have been surprised to find nearly
dozen kinds Of oak. Thinking that
other tree-lovers may be interested, I
am writing out list of these for The
Star.
It seems that all oaks belong to one
OF two families, white or black. The
black oak family have tiny bristles at
the end OF the lobes, while the white
oak leaves have a smooth edge. You
can usually tell at distance to which
family an oak belongs by the color of
its trunk and branches-the bark Of
black and red oaks being dark, while
that of the white family Is light gray.
But to name the tree surely the leaves
must be examined. A curious difference
in the two families is in their fruiting;
the black family bear acornS biennially,
while the white family bear every year.
OF the white oak family, besides the
beautiful great tree which bears the
family name, found post oak-also
called iron oak, from the exceeding
hardness of its wood-chestnut oak,
swamp white oak and the graceful
laurel oak, whose leaves are almost ex-
actly like those of the mountain laurel.
This tree is also called shingle oak.
Leaves of the chestnut oak are so like
those from a chestnut tree that only a
close examination shows it has no bris-
ties at the edge. as chestnut leaves have,
but is smooth like all white oaks.
The beauty of the black oak family
Is the pin oak, which attains great size
where it has plenty of room; it is SYM
metrical in shape and has very delicate
foliage, small leaves deeply indented.
The leaves of red and scarlet oaks are
much like them, but are larger and the
lobes not so deeply indented. Pin oak
gets its name from the way its branches
seem to be fastened to the trunk, as if
with a wooden pin.
Spanish oak, another Of the black
family, Is readily known by its three
large briStly lobes at the end Of a
broadening leaf. This is also called
Southern red oak.
Last Of all comes the blackjack, with
large thick leaf, scarcely indented at
all like other oaks. But it is a tree we
appreciate when we want protection
from rain or SUM-
Since writing the above I have been
given a delightful and valuable little
book, Forest Trees of the District Of
Columbia" It is to be had, almost for
the asking from the Forestry Associ-
alton on F street. L. w. MAYNARD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
Trees Found Clinging
To Racial Memories
BY e. e. FREE. PHI. ID.

Racial memories in the roots of fruit
trees, as men and women cling to Gus
toms and SuperStitions dating back to
caveman times, seem to constitute the
only explanation Of unexpected facts
discovered by the East Mailing Research
Station, in England, where the entire
root systems of two different kinds of
trees were dug up recently, so that the
extent and nature Of the roots could
he determined.
Care was taken to save every tiniest
rootlet and fiber and to trace the max
imum depth and distance to which
two types Of trees was Of native English
stock, producing large and vigorous
growth above ground. The other was a
stock common in the South of Europe,
producing dwarfed trees.
The advance supposition was that the
large English trees would have large
root systems, while the dwarf trees
would have small ones. Precisely the
reverse proved to be the case While
the roots of the dwarf trees did not
spread outward quite so widely from
the base of the trunk, they were found
to penetrate the soil much more deep
ly, so that the dwarf trees actually had
more and longer roots than the trees
with larger branches and more leaves.
Where the matter Of racial memory
comes in is that the dwarf trees, with
the many roots, once lived in drier
countries, where it was probably neces-
sary for the tree to save moisture as
much as possible by having fewer leaves
and to seek even this little moisture as
widely as possible by widespread roots.
Even after years of life in well watered
England, the dwarf trees had not for
gotten their ancestral habit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13

a we'll defined feeling on the part Of
golfers that it is not as much the small
ball as it is the small cups which make
the game ruinous to peace Of mind
Dinky little cans" only six inches in
diameter in which must be propelled
the white, yellow or dotted pellet I'M
doubtedly furnish the greatest source Of
aggravation. So that while there may
be some protest over changing the size
OF ball there would probably be none.
except from some Of the "stand-patters,"
to change in the size of the cup. Seri-
ously, though, 1t is a grand old game.
Nothing can rob 1t of It's fascination,
and links devotees in all sections Of the
country will continue to tramp fairways
and rough in the never-ending pursuit
Of the golf ball, be 1t light, heavy, small
or large.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
Country Declines to Defend
Federal Education Project

amount that Virginia pays into the
Federal Treasury and then compare
that with the proporttonate amount the
State draws out for good roads. The
same thing would happen in the field
Of education"
The Raleigh News and Observer
states: There are many arguments
against the department in addition to
the one of Capitalization, which is seri-
Gus. This does not mean, however.
that there Is not q place for enlarged
usefulness OF the Bureau OF Education"
If the Government had secretary
Of education rather than bureau"
contends the Indianapolis News, there
would be increasing demands for ap-
propriationS, a growing list of employees
and an increasing tendency to direct
the country's educational program from
Washington. AS Secretary Wilbur says,
there is no necessity for this. Certainly
all States have the mental and financial
machinery needed for their educational
affairs"
The Erie Dispatch Herald looks upon
the proposed department as a thing for
which there Is mo more need than there
is for a fifth wheel to q wagon" That
paper warns: From the day such q
Federal department is created politics
will rule it. Another army Of Federal
job holders would begin their sorry
work of regulation, suppression, hobby
riding and Standardization. The land
would swarm with more secretaries and
assistant secretaries, more bureau, sec
ton and division chiefs and more
deputies, subdeputies, inspectors and
supervisors. More power would be con-
centrated in a washington that has
far too much power"
without the support Of the admin
iStration, the campaign carried on in
behalf Of Federal department Of edu-
cation for three quarters OF century
will hardly succeed now" in the Judg-
ment of the Cleveland Plain Dealer,
while the Newark Evening News thinks
there Is cause for rejoicing by those
who object to current propaganda for
educational overlordship at Washing
ton" The Evening News adds that
Secretary Wilbur's entire reference to
this proposal, which has been mooted
by certain national educational bodies
for several years. That message was
that there is room for the study and
of sound educational stand
ards within an existing department.,
with adequate financial support for the
legitimate functions Of such a bureau"
The Secretary's statement, in the
opinion of the Asheville Times should
be the beginning of the end for q vast
enterprise in Federal education that
would inevitably establish Uncle Sam
as the schoolmaster In every village.
Mass production methods of edu-
cation" continues that paper. ARE al
ready producing evils enough within
he States, and those evils would be
by the concentration Of
'chool authority ut Washington"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
A Senatorial Battle Royal.

Taking time generously by the fore
lock. Mrs. Ruth Hanna Mccormick,
Representative at large from Illinois, has
thrown her bonnet into the ring for the
senatorial primaries of 1880. Mark
Hanna's daughter proclaims her inten-
ton to contest the denomination OF the
incumbent senior Senator from Illinois,
Charles S. Deneen. The announcement
presases a battle royal that will stir the
State from Chicago TO Cairo.
It was Senator Deneen who in 1922
thwarted the ambition Of the late
Medill Mccormick to succeed himself
for a second term in the Senate by
winning the Illinois primary and sub
sequent election.
Now Mr.. McCormick's widow enters
the 1880 fray in the hope OF repaying
Senator Deneen in his own coin. 1t Is
a bold thrust that this political Joan
of Arc essays. According to the mex
orable law of politics, victory for her
foe would in all probability mean ex-
tinction for herSelf-and, Of course, vice
versa.
The gentlewoman from Illinois Is a
skillful politician. If heredity means
anything, it would be a wonder If Ruth
IIsnna Mccormick were anything else
She was in her teens when her father
as playing Warwick to william Nc
I1inley, but old enough to imbibe the
rudiments of big league" methods II
politics. In maturing years, as the wife
Of a rising young Illinois politician
Mrs. Mccormick developed her inborr
End inherited fair for public life anc
since then has necessarily been on tn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13

General sentiment against the creation
of department of education under the
Federal Government, with representa-
ton in the cabinet, Is made evident by
the comment on official criticism of the
plan. Secretary of the Interior Ray L.
Wilbur's statement in which he opposed
the plan, assumed to have the indorse-
ment of the administration, generally
| is commended. Mass production
Standardization" and GENERALIZATION"
should not, the commenters agree, be
| applied to education.
The contention that education is not
proper subject for national Standard
cation" is upheld by the Springfield
Union with the statement that Its well
fare depends not only on local interest
! and support. but on special needs in
the several States and municipalities. {"
The st. Louis Post-Dispatch holds that
under department home pride" would
decline in an institution of peculiarly
intimate and sacred relationship to COM
munity life, which, more than any
other, determines community character
and ideals"
THE chief objection to the federali-
cation of the schools" in the opinion Of
the Columbus Ohio State Journal, 'is
not the tremendous expense of the
undertaking. 1t Is not even the con-
version of the teachers of the country
into great political machine, deplor-
able and dangerous as that would be-
The chief objection Is that the change
would mean, in time, standardized
schools and, as a result more or less
standardized citizenship" The Hartford
Courant declares that the right to de-
termine for themselves what educational
policies are best adapted to local con-
ditionS is one of the remaining few
which the States are still capable of
exercising in complete sovereignty"
"A bureau of education, charged
with assembling information and max
ing recommendations for the advantage
Of the country at large and Congress in
particular, has its advantages" says
the Birmingham News. But the crea-
ton of Federal department of edu-
cation with its additional swarm of
ofhceholders, paul-prying into the edu-
cational systems and their adninistra-
ton in the various States, would be in
tolerable. It Is the family and not the
State with which education-in the last
analysis as well as the flrSt-rests'
There are those who would like to have
the Federal Government supply funds
for administration of local school sys-
TENS, to have the almost unlimited
financial resources Of the Federal Gov
eminent upon which to draw" remarks
the Flint Daily Journal, but this
money would not be available without
rights" incidentally the Lynchburg
Advance points out that there would be
some inequalities, arguing: What has
happened In the matter Of the so-called
Federal aid to good roads? Simply
this: that some States help to build
the roads of Other States. II you
doubt IT, examine the proportionats
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
The National Gallery Of Art.

The offer of John Gellatly Of New
York to give his great collection of art
to the people of the United States, to be
held in trust by the National Gallery of
! Art, conveys the most convincing offer
possible for the erection of a suitable
building to house such treasures. In
accepting the offer, the Senate au-
thorized the Smithsonian Institution to
| include in its next estimates an amount
necessary to assure the preservation of
the Gellatly collection. The logical way
to provide for that collection, and others
which have come into the hands of the
American Government, is to build the
| structure, so long projected and talked
about, which will be known as the Ma
tional Gallery Of Art. Senator Smoot
! and other prominent men in public life
have long since approved the idea in
principle, but the National Gallery of
Art remains tucked away as merely q
small part of the National Museum.
Its cramped quarters do not provide
adequate space for the proper display
of the collection there now. 1t would
have to be materially enlarged to ac-
commodate the Gellatly collection.
The resolution acknowledging the Of
fer, which already has been passed In
the Senate, will come UP soon in the
House. While favorable action there
should not be subject to any question
of doubt, the House should take the
opportunity presented in the resolution
for making an actual start on building
the National Gallery of Art of the fu-
ture. For while the Gellatly offer, and
the great collection which it includes,
are important one must remember that
this is young republic. In age it is
only an infant. And If, as an infant,
1t has gone far in the acquisition Of
great treasures, what a long, long way
it will go before reaching mature old
age! And how important it is, now. to
provide for the future! Mr.. Gellatly is
only one of the Americans who wish
to bequeath to the Nation, for the en-
joyment in perpetuity Of generations to
come, magnificent gifts. It should never
be said that such gifts are discouraged
Or turned away because there is no place
to put them. But today there is no
place to put them.
A building to conform in every way
with its identity as the National Gallery
of Art should be among those great
structures built and building for the
American Capital. When the Gellatly
collection comes to Washington, four
years hence, part of this building
should be ready to receive 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-05-13
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

press its belief that he ought to 60,
or even say that he remains in viola
ton Of law. But 1t would be nothing
In the world except an empty gesture.
It would get something OF the Senate S
chest. but 1t would not take Uncle
Andy" in this case, of his job.
* X \
Carl A. Loefier. veteran assistant
sergeant-at-arms of the Senate, has
discovered that radio has distinct posi-
bilities as a rediscoverer OF long-loSt
relatives. Somebody who was listening
in to this observers round-by-round
account of Inauguration day proceedings
in the Senate chamber on March 4
wrote Loeffier to know "if you are q
cousin we once had with your same
name" The inquiry came from Chicago
The assistant sergeant-at-armS replied
that he was sorry he couldn't claim tne
proffered distinction.
X X 4 X
President Moncada of Nicaragua has
just sent Secretary Stimson o fulSome
message of gratitude for the services
which StimSon himself, Brig. Gen
Logan Feland. U. S. M. c.; Brig. Gen
Frank r. Mccoy, u. S. A., and Rear
Admiral David F. Sellars. u. s. NJ,
rendered in the pacification of Mica
ragua. The message pays special
tribute TO Gen. Feland for his work as
commander of the Marines in the lately
troubled Central American republic
Referring to Gen. Feland's impending
departure from Nicaragua, President
Moncada says: "I greatly regret the
generals leaving. wish that another
man Of his mentality and idea Of duty
may replace him" All four of the
American ofncials-Stimson, Feland
Mccoy and Sellars-are praised by Gen.
Moncada as distinguished soldiers who
fulfilled their duty in Nicaragua as men
OF high probity and who merit the
esteem Of our country"
X \ X X
An unusual tribute is about to be
paid to one of President Hoover's war
time relief associates, the late Frank
A. Colder. After the war Colder was
active In supervising the creation of the
Hoover War Library at Stanford Uni
versity. 1.-THE Hoover A. r. A. Asso-
citation" (American relief administra-
ton workers. Is now organizing the
Frank A. Colder Memorial Fund" the
income from which Is to be used in the
promotion Of research in the Russian
revolution. Colder was prominent in
hooVer's Russian relief organization.
Copyright, 1929