davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
SWEDISH SEAPLANE
 MADE FORGED LANDING

SEATTLE. June 10. R)-An un dated radio message received from somewhere of the eastern coast of Iceland to the effect that the Swedish seaplane Sverige. was forced to make landing one hun dred miles short of its objective. or even further east on the Allan tic ocean. Captain Albin Asren- berg and two companions made a landing Sunday at six twenty three P. M, Eastern Standard time. The radio message did not say where.
 The projected flight was from Stockholm to New York via Der gen. Norway. the plane used was Junkers monoplane.
 They left Stockholm early yes terday morning and reached Der gen, Norway within few hours. where two extra passengers were dropped off.
 All seemed to go we'll until after the Farce Islands were pass ed and then a leaky gasoline line was reported. and midway between the Farce Islands and Iceland, head winds were encountered.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15

In the Matter of the Estate of W. E. WAGNER, deceased.
 NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN that the undersigned has been ap- pointed by the above entitled Court Administrator of the Estate of w. E. WAGNER, deceased, and all persons having claims against the said Estate are hereby required to present the same to the undersigned, at Nome, Alaska, as required by law, within six months from the date hereof.
 Dated at Nome, Alaska, May 20, 1929.
 PETER YAGER,
 Administrator of the Estate of
 W. E.. Wagner, deceased. Publish May 25, June 1, 8, 15, 22.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

In the Probate Court for the Cape Nome Precinct, Territory oa AL aska, Second Division.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
INVESTIGATION SHOWS
 ALEUTIAN OU TOF COURSE

SEATTLE, June 10,(P)-An in- vestigation as to the cause of the loss of the s. s. Aleutian, dis closed the fact that the steamer was out of her course when she struck the rock in Uyak Bay re- gently. The rock that shows on the chart is one quarter mile south Of Amook Island. The charts fail to disclose the rock where the Aleutian struck Efforts are being made by the Surveyor to locate the Aleutian and determine Uyak Bay course.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
JOHN A. ANDERSON
 FOUND DEAD TODAY

John A. Anderson, a native of Gutenberg, Sweden, aged about seventy, was found dead in his cabin on the Fort Davis road. sitt- ing in a chair with an old fashion ed revolver between his feet, when the body was discovered this morn ing by Ed. Jensen. The deceased was cripple from youth and was subject to fits of melancholia and had a fear of paralysis.
 The coroner's jury brought in a verdict that he came to his death by a gun shot wound self inflicted, on the morning of May 11th.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15

ATTENTION
 PIONEERS AND FRIENDS, The funeral of Brother John Alfred Anderson will take place from the Federated church PM. tomorrow (Thursday). The cortege will start from Nelly undertaking parlors at 2:45. PM. - -... .... -
 THOS. D. JENSEN,
 President Pioneers of Alaska
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
TUESDAY t1'EtEGRApHlCl
vOIGHT STARTS ON JOURNEY.

SEWARD, June s, (P)-Flying the American and German colors and carrying a message from Ma
 yor McMullen of Seward, to Mayor Walker of New York. Albert Voight, in the face of choppy sea, set sail yesterday for New York. As he padded away from the dock, hundreds of persons, in cluding those on the steamer Yu- kon, cheered him. He carried no navigation instruments and hopes to reach New York in six months.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
MONDAY
 t.'! rtit.,
HOOVER NONHNATEs J. HART US. DIS. ATTORNEY FOI:
 SECOND DIVISION

WASHINGTON, June S-11,thHj President Hoover nominated to the Senate the name of J. Hart, ot Ju,a au, Alaska, for U. s. Attorney Seco1d Alaska District. Also he name 0. Warren N Cuddy of AL asKa. now serving by court ar- pointment, to be U. S. Attorney. in the Third Alaska District.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
BOAT MOVEMENTS

Steamer Victoria is due at the Pass late tonight.
 Cutter Northland at Golovin.
 Silver Wave left St. Michaeis this morning enroute Nome.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15

President Pioneers Of Alaska
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
SIERRA TO ARRIVE
 AT 10 F. NJ. TONIGHT

The motorship Sierra of the Arc tic Transport Company is due to arrive ill the Nome roadstead at 10 P. M tonight, according to in formation received by the com pany.
The Nome nugget., 1929-06-15
N o THO H

Subscribers who do nst ket their paper regularly, wfn confer . favor on the ofllce il. they VIII report t as soon as pesslble. 9'sss4
The Washington times., 1929-02-27
CROSSING CASE
BEFORE HIGH
COURT

The question as to whether mod
ern mechanical devices furnish
greater safety to motorists at grade
crossings than watchmen swinging
the familiar flags and red lanterns
has been presented to the Supreme
Court of the United States on
case just argued.
Great Importance is attached to
the Forthcoming decision of the
court by the American Motorists
Association because of the far
reaching effect 1t may have upon
existing municipal ordinances which
fail to distinguish between mechan-
ical and human guards at dangerous
grade crossings,
The case before the court arose
In Tennessee. 1t involves the death
of a. motorist at a grade crossing
where the railroad company replaced
human watchman with electrical
alarm devices, in violation of a city
ordinance. The ordinance was up
held by the State Supreme Court
and the railroad company appealed.
The old ordinance requiring flag
men to protect grade crossings In
stead of mechanical safeguards more
efficient and economical is so arbi-
trary as TO lack due process OF law
and is a burden on interstate com.
merce, the railroad company argues.
Protection of grade crossings Is
one of the most obvious uses of po'
lice power, and the State is empow-
cred to say in what manner cross
ings shall be guarded, it was argued
in support of the ordinance.
From the standpoint of the mo-
torist, it is desirable that most grade
crossings be eliminated" Thomas J.
Keefe, general manager of the asso-
citation, declares. I'm many cases,
especially in cities, it is not practical
to eliminate some grade crossings,
and in these cases the motorist is vi
tally concerned as to the most ade.
quate protection that can be en-
ployed to prevent crossing accidents.
almost without exception, cities
have ordinances governing the pro.
lection of grade crossings, and the
decision of the United States Su-
preme Court settling the question
raised in the Tennessee case will be
of interest. not only to the motorist,
but to city councils"
The Washington times., 1929-02-27
Marland Oil Company
Buys Refining Plant

NEW YORK, Feb. 27.--The Mar
land Oil Company. which has been
in operation in the mid-continent
area, has acquired the assets of
the Prudential Refining Corpora.
tion, consisting of a refinery at
Baltimore, with bulk and retail
stations in. New Jersey, Virginia
and Maryland.
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18

sweiler, Mrs. Laur Schade, Mss Vera Schade.
 Unit supper on November 7th- Mrs. Charles Sahrbacher, chairman; Mrs Mary Anderson, Mrs. Augusta l}ernasconi, Mrs. Florence Bertini Mrs, Minnie Bertz Mrs. Herbert Brann, Mrs. Lewis Bunce.
 Booth attendants at the Hom" l Progress xposition-Tuesday night. Mrs. Dorcas Whittemore, Miss Cora Bcrtini; Wednesday afternoon, Mrs. i Cedric Powers, Mrs. E, E. Ogren; | Wednesday night, Miss Emma Schaal, Mrs, Fred w. Hoffman; Thursday afternoon, Mrs. Elizabeth TimbrCn, Mrs. George Dyson I Thursday night Mrs. Harry Gins burg, Mrs. Kenneth Kron: Friday afternoon Mrs. Daisy Proctor, Mrs. Mary Mitchell; Friday night, Mrs ! Charles Sahrbacher, Mrs. Augusta i BernaSconi: Saturday afternoon,
 Mrs. Celia Defiance, Mrs. A. r. Schadc; Saturday night, Mrs. Leroy
 Ensminger, Mrs. George Kinkade.
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18
City Items

The A Nash Co, suits, topcoats or overcoats, $23.5O. J. Ryan, 22 RoXbury Road. S909.-advt.
 Mrs, Leon Sokolski and Miss Frances Nicdzwiccki of 4S Oakland avenue will spend the weekend with friends in Southington.
 A meeting Of New Britain chap ter of HadaSsah will be held next Tuesday night in the Burritt hotel.
 Tho Nylious choir under the lea dership of Yeo Nissockis of Hartford will have rehearsal tonight at the Lithuanian hall on Park street.
 Unity Rcbekah lodge will hold a masquerade party Friday evening, October A. Prizes will be awarded for the pretticst and funniest cos tumcs.
 Mrs William E, Hanrahan of Bristol, who recently underwent an operation at the Bristol hospital, is rapidly conyalcscing at that insti- tuition.
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18

Southington, who will assume the office now held by Mrs. Wclles, \ dinner will be served at 6:30 to which all members of Eddy Glover Unit are invited.
 Mrs. Cedric Powers, chairman Of the Welfare committee, reported growing need for all kinds of clothing, for which she made a special appeal. An overcoat, bath robe and layette have been distri- buted within the past week 10 fam flies of needy ex-scrvicemen.
 A meeting of the Hartford County association will be held at Glaston- bury, on Sunday afternoon, October 27, at 3 p. ID. All trophies won dur ing the past year by Units in Hart ford county will be exhibited.
 The Unit members will cooperate with the Nurses alumni of the New Britain hospital. by attending the bridge party to be given for the i free bed at the State Armory on i October 25th
 A prize of q five dollar gold piece was voted to be used in connection with the cooking contest which is | to be held under the auspices of the post during the Home Progress i exposition.
 A booth for the sale of soft drink drinks and other refreshments will be conducted by the Unit at the dance on Armistice night which will be held at the armory
 Committees Appointed Mrs. Howard G. Mitchell, presi- dent, announced the appointment Of the following committees: i -laws-Mrs. Howard Mitchell chairman; Mrs. Laura Bertini, Mrs Arthur Petts, Miss Emma Schaal Mrs. Fred w. Hoffman, Mrs. Fred Y Ellsworth. These women attended the state convention and are well. advised in the bylaws of the stat, department.
 Post lunch for the annual meet. ing of the Post on October 24th- Mrs. Mary Mitchell, chairman; Mrs Elizabeth Timbrell, Mrs. Gustav, Peterson, Mrs. Celia Defiance, Mrs Ida Bengston, Mrs. Clara Laufer
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18
MRS. PETS HEADS
 LEGION AUXILIARY
Officers Elected and Committees
 Named at Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of Eddy Glover Unit No. 6, American Legion Auxiliary, was held Thursday even ing. with Mrs. Agnes Welles, de partment vice president, of Hart ford, as guest of honor Mrs. Wcllos gave an interesting account of the national convention which was held in Louisville, Ky.
 Officers of the local Unit for the ensuing year were elected as fol- lows President, Mrs. Arthur H. Petts; 1st vice president, Mrs. Leroy Ensminger; 2nd vice president, Mrs V. l.. Eddy; corresponding sccre- tary, Miss Emma Schaal; financial secretary. Mrs. Fred w. Hoffman treasurer. Mrs John Ball; chaplain Mrs. Fred Ellsworth; historian, Mrs Cedric Powers; sergeant-at- arms Mrs. Carl Benston: executive con- mittce members, Mrs. Howard C Mitchell, Mrs. George Kinkade, Mrs A. F. Schade.
 A special meeting will be held or November for the installation oI the, new officers, and reports of tho retiring officers will be given. Mrs Clcmcncy Schall, of West Haven the new department president vii be invited to serve as the installin. officer, and other guests 10 be in yitcd are Mrs. Ruth Pfcnnig O
 Bristol and Mrs. Lillian Warrington of Hartford, past department nrcsi dents, Mrs Agnes Wellcs. Of Hart ford, retiring department vice. presi dent, and Mrs. Florence Erbe, o
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18

cil of West India, and moderator Of the Council of Indian Churches of West India. He also has served as head of the United Divinity col lcge of Ahmcdnagar, India, and in this capacity has had very great influence on the Indian ministry. Dr. Clark is the founder of the Nagpada social welfare center in Bon bay.
 When the Indian Christians ask ed Dr. Clark to serve as moderator of the council, he demurrcd on the ground that an Indian should do that work and have that honor They replied: Please stop calling yourself a foreigner. You are one of us, and that is why we have chosen you for this position, "a most signal tribute 10 the quality of Christian leadership which Dr. Clark has exhibited in his dealings with the highly sensitive Indian leaders.
 ! Dr. Clark is Q New Englander by i u ttlliiio' IlbNIIlS SI dt GttJtu lIOlll Amherst college in the class of 19O0 He received his degree of doc tor of divinity from that college in 1925. He is a direct descendant of John Alden, the pilgrim.
 "Confusion and Promise in h. dia" is the subject Of the address which he will give at the Confer cnce banquet of the All New Eng land Congregational conference which will b. held in New Britain on October @G-9S. The banquet will be held in the banquet hall of the Masonic temple Saturday evening the 2Gth.
 pr. Clark will be the preacher al the service in the South Congrcga- tiopal church sunday morning, Oe- tober @7, using as his subject, "Thf Place of Christ ill Present Day In dia."
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18
DR, CLARK ID TEll,
 OF WORK IN INDIA
Noted Missioner Coming Here for Congregational Meetings

Dr. Alden H Clark, who has had 25 years service as a missionary in India. will be one of the speakers at the All New England Congrega- tonal conference next week.
 He has been chairman of the Marathi mission, senior missionary
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18

Antwerp, once in the swirl of the world war conflict, has Income no less an active center in peace time. It is rapidly developing as @ dis tributing center.
New Britain herald., 1929-10-18

of the Ahmednagar station, chair man of the council of the educa- tional board of the Christian Coun-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
BISMARCK AUIO|STS
BOTHER COPS MOST
22@ Automobiles TAGGED During
September, Martineson's
Report Shows

Bismarck automobile drivers per-
sist in violating traffic ordinances.
according to the September report Of
Chris J. Martineson. chief Of police.
which has been forwarded to the city
commission.
A total Of "a automobiles were
tagged in the city during September.
the report indicates. Eighty six OF
the tags were given to non-residcnts.
Violations listed In the report In
clude driving through stop signs,
speeding. driving without lights, driv-
Ing with improper lights. turning
around In the middle Of Z block. driv.
ing with four In the drivers seat. Inn
proper parking. improper parking
lights, and violating motor vehicle
Law.
Stxty-two persons we're fined during
the month for various offenses in
Guiding: Drunk Z: drunk and disor-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Original Officers
Guests of B. p. w. C.
Anniversary Dinner

Tie four original officers Of the
Business and Professional Women's
club Of Bismarck, Miss Henricka
Beach, president: Mrs. Florence Davis,
vice president: Mrs. Rena Mossbruck-
er Baersch. secretary; and Mrs. Hazel
Pierce Halvorson, treasurer, were
special guests at q dinner last evening
in the club rooms. celebrating the
tenth anniversary of the group.
Places were marked for IS at the
table on which a lighted birthday
cake occupied q prominent place.
During the evening "reminiscences
of the ten years of club activity were
given by the four guests Of honor.
Mrs. Florence Davis stated in a brief
talk that the original plan was to
make the club more Of q social or
~ganization, but as the years passed
it has come to be recognized as the
women's service club Of the city. Mem
ton was made Of the civic activities
in which the club has taken an active
part. and Of the educational fund
maintained by the club.
Miss Belle Menus, Miss Olga Steen,
and Miss Mable Aaberg presented a
musical program preceding the short
business meeting.
Members Of the committee arrang.
ing the dinner were Miss Catherine
Mcdonald. chairman, Miss Henricka
Beach. Miss Ethel Flaten, Miss Belle
Menus and Mrs. j. /. Ari1an.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Father Leo Halloran
Visits Brothers Here

Father Leo Halloran. Bcnicia. Calf
end Father John Halloran, Fay, N.
D., who have been visiting here for
the past 10 days with their mother.
Mrs. Mary Halloran. and brothers,
Francis and Paul, left this morning
by motor for Minot and Ray.
Father Leo Halloran will 60 from
Minot to Chicago where he expects
to visit for a few days with his BROTH
CT. Terrence, Louisville. Ky. He will
also be the guest of another brother.
James, at Denver. Ell route to Ben;cia.
where he is an instructor in a Do
nlirican school.
Both Father John and Father Leo
grew to manhood in Bismarck. and
have been enjoying a visit with old
friends here. During their stay din
ners in their honor were given by
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Malloran, Mr..
and Mrs. Paul Halloran, Mr.. and Mrs.
d. E. McGillis, and Mrs. E. E. Morris.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
City.C County Briefs

J. H. Taucr. manager for the Copy
writer Sales company. will leave the
latter part Of the week for various
points In South Dakota on q business
trip. He will spend several weeks il
the eastern part of the state before
returning to Bismarck.
F. n. Waldo, manager Of tho Bis
marck area for the Northwestern Bell
Telephone company. Is IN Fargo this
week attending a conference of North
Dakota telephone executives.
Lester Kelly. small son of Mr.. and
Mrs. J. L. Kelly. 302 Avenue D. re-
turned to hts home yesterday after
spending the past week at the st.
Alexius hospital.
Rev. H. B. Schaffner. Golden VAL
ley. has returned to his home after
spending several days here on busi-
ness.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Tayis,
Mandan. r parents Of a daughter
born Monday at the st. Alexius hos
pital.
Ben Schimansky. Jr.. member of a
hardware and implement firm at
Solen, was In the city today on bust
ness.
There will be a regular meeting of
the Bismarck Lodge Of Perfection this
evening at 7:30 at the Masonic tenn
pie.
Leigh ]. Monson. Fargo. attorney
and former county judge, called at
the statehouse yesterday.
MI. and Mrs. George Anderson,
Wing. spent yesterday in Bismarck
shopping.
MI. and Mrs. r. G. Werner, Daw-
son, were visitors In Bismarck Tues
day.
w. II. Leroy. Underwood. is a bus
mess visitor In the city today.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Modern Mothers Help
Create New Slogan
Millions More Each Year Turn 70
Famous External Method

Millions More Each Year Turn 70
Famous External Method
Each year more and more mothers
turn to Vicks VapoRub. the modern
external treatment for colds. because
it Is just rubbed on and cannot upset
children's stomachs, as dosing" is
SO apt to do.
Originally designed and first used
largely for children's colds, this better
external method gradually spread Is
one enthusiastic mother told another.
Years Of actua. use also proved It
equally effective for the colds Of
grown-ups. Today the whole trend
Of medical practice is away from
nesdless dosing and Vicss-a house
hold word In Americas used in
more than 60 countries abroad.
The ever-growing demand for Vicks
is shown in its familiar slogan, x
pressing the number Of Jars used
yearly. First announced when Vicks
reached 1T Million Jars Yearly
later raised to '.2l Million"-the
figures are again being changed, Is
there are nov ''over % Million Jars
Used Yearly."-Edv.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Four Leaf Clover
Club Entertained

For Miss Ethel Schoen. who leaves
tomorrow for Minneapolis to spend
several weeks, Miss Mildred Guam en-
tertained members Of the Four Leaf
Clover club. Miss Schoen Is vice pres
ident Of the club.
Games provided the pastimc. and
prizes were awarded Miss Mary Lift
End Miss Esther Wilson. Miss Schocn
received a gift from the group.
Decorations in the Halloween COL
ors were used for the table when re-
freshmcnts were served at the close
Of the evening.
= i +
Mrs. A. g. Sorlie and children.
Ruth. Evelyn and Glenn. accompan-
led by Mrs. Sorlic's mother, Mrs. o.
+. Hilleboe. and Mr.. and Mrs. Erwin
Sorlie, Grand Forks. who have been
visiting at the home Of Mr.. and Mrs.
G.. p. Mann since Saturday. left today
by motor for their homes. Mrs. A.
G.. Sor!ie and Mrs. Mann are sisters.
y :
Mrs. F. r. White. Happen. Is in the
city for a visit at the home Of her
mother, Mrs. 7. T. Eastburn.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Give Bridge Supper
For Mrs. Guy Hummer

Twelve friends of Mrs. Guy Hun
ner. Gaastra. Mich. who made her
home in Bismarck until several years
ago. were guests at a bridge supper
given last evening by Mrs. Henry e
Hanson and Mrs. Paul Cook at the
Hanson home, 200 Avenue ..
Yellow chrysanthemums and bitter
sweet were used in the decoration OF
the rooms. and yellow candles lighted
the supper tables.
In the bridge games during the cve-
ming honors went to Mrs. E. T. Beatt
and Miss Mary Houser. and a favor
was presented the honored guest.
Mrs. Hummer. who is a guest Of Mrs
Hanson. will be in the city for two
weeks or more.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Dairy Commissioner
To Attend Exposition

Z. A. Greenwood. dairy commits
sioner. expects to leave tomorrow for
st. Louis where he will attend the
National Dairy exposition and the st.
Louis fair which opens October ~
and continues for a week.
He will turn particular attention
to the dairy products division Of the
show.
North Dakota will be represented
by three head Of purebrcd Holstein
cow from the herd Of Jerry Bacon,
wnc Of the Lilac Hedge farm ear
Grand Forks. Mr.. Bacon Is former
publisher Of the Grand Forks Herald.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09

derby 8: disordcrly conduct 9: va
Rrancy l; forgery /: grand larceny s.:
assault and battery /: drunk and
vagrancy l; and automobile ordinance
violations.
Owners OF 81 automobiles which
were tagged have not reported at the
police station and may be arrested.
the chief says.
Nine bicycles were stolen during the
month. four OF which have been re-
covered. Twenty-six persons we're
lodged in the city Jail overnight. Po-
lice investigated Ga calls during the
80 day period.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
Club Conducts Study
Of Central America

A study of the countries of Central
America was conducted at the meet
ing Of the Progressive Mothers club
Tuesday evening at the home Of Mrs.
G. M. Freitag. 208 Fourteenth street.
Trade relations Of Central Ameri-
ca, and industries In which the Unit
ed States is interested. were discussed
in a paper presented by Mrs. Hazel
Taft, and members named interesting
facts regarding the countries in re-
spouse to roll call.
Members we're taken for an imagin-
airy tour through the various countries
by Mrs. George Tekippc. who gave an
account Of Thirteen Weeks In Gen.
trail America"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1929-10-09
TO CALL SUCCESSOR
TO WRIGHT IN WEEK
First Presbyterian Church Has
Prospect in View: Delay
in Taking Action

Final action in the resignation Of
Rev. Paul 8. Wright Is to Be taken
next Wednesday night BY the FIRST
Presbyterian congregation here. There
was to be a meeting last night. out
the absence Of Mr.. Wright 1t the
Presbyterian meetings At jamestown
caused a shift Of date to next Wed
nesGay night.
The final action viii be the calling
Of a successor. Monday the presby-
terry Of Bismarck gave assent to sew
GRANGE Of the pastoral relations be-
tween Mr.. Wright and the local con-
gregation. Until he returns to pre-
side "a constitutional formality In
the church-the congregational meet
ing to call q successor cannot be held
The church organization Is under
stood to have . minister In view but
is not sure that he can Be obtained
A formal call Is to be rendered him
next week.
Pastor Wright Is due ON his new
pastorate November II. He goes "a
Bethlehem congregation at Minncap-
oils, q church which Is organized fog
many lines Of advanced church and
welfare work. In this way Mr.
Wright's field Of activity viii b
greatly enlarged by the change.