davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
Minor Nati0nalities in the Soviet Union

masses of the race in America that
suffers from both race and class op-
pression-the Negro race. We can
point to the living example of the
Soviet Union as a place where there
is no racial or national oppression.
This example should inspire the Ne
gro masses to our slogan of
"the right of the Negro to ma
tional self-determination in the
Southern states where the Ne
grOes form majority of the pop
ulation." Communist Interna
tional resolution on Negro ques
ton in the U. S. Al
1t should prove to them that only
the proletarian revolution in the
United States can really emancipate
the Negro masses, just as the No
vember revolution emancipation the
scores of oppressed nationalities and
racial groups formerly under the
iron hel of the Romanoffs.
n
(We print Comrade Gerson's ar
ticle unchanged. 1t is necessary,
to point out that the solu-
tion as presented above gives very
one-sided conception. The main
struggle in defense of the Negro
masses still remains the militant
fight against white chauvinism and
for political and social equality
Editor.)
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
How Soviet Economy Functions

man diminishes the cost of mer-
chandise, on the other hand, the in
come realized by commercial opera
tions are always to the profit of all
the workers.
The income of industry above the
actual cost Of production are turned
to the development of industry and
to the Proletarian State as whole.
The income of the cooperatives is
devoted to the development of CO.
operation and to the Proletarian
State as whole, of which it is but
branch.
You will read further on about
the wholesale commercial operations
between the different syndicates and
the Centrosoyous, the central organ
ization of the cooperatives.
Thus, you will see that, more and
more, the production of the trusts
intended for sale, come to the con-
sumers through the medium of their
own cooperatives.
And if you examine the number
of cooperators, which according to
the plan of Centrosoyous for 1928-29
will reach 2S,789,000 members, you
can imagine the formidable power of
this new form of distribution in this
new society which is the U. S. S. R.
1t must also be pointed out that
the tasks of the cooperatives are not
only strictly commercial operations
and the modernization of its equip
ment such as refrigeration, and the
like, but that it is equally concerned
with social and cultural functions,
such as Fairgrounds, clubs, libraries,
educational centers, etc.
(To Be Continued)
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

NDY" MELLON who has just put $30O000000 more
into the pockets of his family, will be present at the
first meeting of the Hoover National Law Enforcement Com
mission Tuesday in the White House at Washington Mellon
believes in the law enforcement that will protect his billions
xaeans increasing attack against the working class
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

the minor nationalities did not even
have an alphabet under the czars.
Today all that is changed. The
minor nationalities have just as
much chance to develop culturally
and politically as any of the major
nationalities. From deep in the
rocky Caucasus a new alphabet may
come out, a new tribe may develop,
a new autonomous region may be
formed. Everywhere the yoke is
gone. There is full racial, social and
political equality fo rthe formerly
oppressed races.
The Jews, whose agony under
czarism was epic, are now protected
by the Soviet government from the
cruelties of anti-semitism. Even in
the heat of the civil war the Red
Army was a bulwark against anti
semitism. Says Yarmolinsky Up.
SD: GAS a rule the appearance of
a Soviet detachment meant COM
parative safety for the Jewish pop
ulation." And later Up. 1907: "The
government is no longer the alien,
hostile power it used to be-"
Full Self-DeterminatiOn.
That these statements are not ac-
cidental is evident by a reading Of
the mass of neatly condensed ma
terial Yarmolinsky has at hand. He
points out how the Soviet govern
ment has actually subsidized educa-
tion in the language of the minor
nationalities, encouraged the growth
of native language and literature,
refused to Russify the minor groups
in short, has followed out the slo-
gan of Comrade Stain of putting
a proletarian substance into the
form of the national culture.
Politically, Yarmolinsky admits
that the Bolsheviks have pursued
the policy of "self-determination to
the point of actual secession" AL
ways our comrades in the U.S.S.R.
have followed the policy of giving
autonomy within the union to the
formerly oppressed groups, even to
the point where I" the formation
of the republics (Soviet Republics)
has in some instances placed the
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

Their capital is constituted by the
trust funds, whether in actual cash,
or by potenialities of their eventual
production.
1t can be said that the syndicates
are "directorates" of which the
trusts are members.
The administrative councils are
named by the delegates of the trusts
and the income of the syndicates
goes entirely to the State treasury.
Retail Commerce.
In order to give a comprehensive
picture of wholesale and retail COM
merce it would be necessary for us
to spend some time on the retail
stores of the syndicates, of the
trusts and of the Commissariat of
Commerce, and the different COM
mittees for commerce 'Torg" (com-
merce) formed by this or that trust.
But that would necessitate study
in itself which it is impossible to
give here. Above all, however, it is
indispensable to explain the political
and organizational significance of
this powerful network which, more
and more, tends to concentrate into
it's own hands, the distribution Of
merchandise in retail commerce.
Cooperation.
Cooperation in the U. S. S. R. can
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

Russians themselves in the position
of minority group" Up. 1851.
Social Reformist Viewpoint.
The book has many negative quail
tiles. The most fundamental fault
is that the author, with typical lib
eral fearfulness, dares not look any
farther than the end of his nose. He
writes we'll of what he sees, but
does not connect the facts at hand
with what has gone before. Var
molinsky fails utterly to comprehend
that the Bolshevik policy on the
question Of minor nationalities is
organically bound up with the Len
mist attitude on imperialism, the
colonial question, and the question
of the relation between the domin-
ant and the weaker nationalities.
Yarmolinsky does not dare to
point out (for at heart he is re-
formist) that these fundamental
changes in status that have come
about for the minor nationalities
have come about only thru the pro-
letarian revolution. What Lenin
said in his "Theses on the National
and Colonial Questions" at the End
Congress of the Communist Interna-
tional (". real national freedom
and unity can be achieved by the
proletariat only thru revolutionary
struggle and by the overthrow of the
bourgeoisie. .") Yarmolinsky will
not say.
History has proved that the Eng
lish labor party, being party Of
imperialism, could not solve the
Irish question-and certainly not
the question of the colonial peo-
pies. The question of how to solve
the Croatian situation is one which
will trip up the capitalist dictator
ship of Yugoslavia. These questions,
just like all the questions that i'm
perialism poses, will only be solved
thru the proletarian revolution
never thrut bourgeois Constitution
alism."
Inspiration of Soviet Union.
Nevertheless, we can utilize Var
molinsky's neat presentation of fact
to aid in the mobilization of great
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
DISTRIBUTION, ERCE
AND CONSUMPTION


AS the development of the produc-
II tive forces proceeded and COM
mercial traffic grew, the trusts as
well as the commercial bodies,
proved to be insufficient.
In fact, both in the domain of raw
materials and in the sale of manu-
factured products, the trusts inter-
fered with each other.
Thus, there arose the necessity to
form bodies which would take charge
of directing the flow of the CONNER
cial activities of the trusts and these
were the syndicates.
Their tasks were defined as fol-
lows:
"The syndicates are to direct
wholesale commerce and control the
concentration of raw materials and
the sale of manufactured objects,
through the medium of the coopera-
tives and of the State stores"
The syndicates are formed by the
trusts of a given industry.
Belonging to syndicate is not
obligatory, but there is a general
tendency to enter the syndicates.
Their functions are the following:
Raw materials: (a) concentration;
(b) distribution among the trusts
composing it.
Commerce: (a) fixation of the
zones of sale for the different trusts;
(b) fixation of the selling prices;
(c) direct commercial operations.
Credits: Organization of credits
to the interested trusts.
There are 10 syndicates encircling
the great majority of State trusts.
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
THE JEWS AND OTHER MINOR
NATIONALITIES UNDER THE
SOVIETS, by Avrahm Yarmolin-
sky. Vanguard Press, SOC.
Reviewed by 81 GERsON.

Reviewed by ST GERSON.
Many American Communists are
still in the dark on such profound
question as that of the national
minorities and oppressed races in
general. While the American Party
and its central organ have done
much to clarity the revolutionary
workers on this question, there still
remains much misunderstanding. As
a matter of fact, to many workers
this problem does not exist-show-
ing the deep influence of the posi-
ton of American imperialism on
these workers.
Therefore little book like Var
molinsky's on the minor nationali-
ties of the Soviet Union, their status
before and after the Revolution, be-
comes important to US, not only be-
cause of it's content but primarily
because of the tremendous lessons
we can learn from it.
Many Nationalities.
When we think that there are 80
nationalities in the Soviet Union
that go to make up about SO per
cent of the population, and when we
recall that there are about 149
languages spoken-disregarding for
the moment the countless dialects
we can see the tremendousness of
the job of building a unified whole
out Of what appears to be a national
crazy-quilt. And yet these various
nationalities, both the formerly op-
pressing and formerly oppressed ma
tionalities, live together in harmony,
despite all difficulties of language,
culture and economic level.
1t is historical fact that the
minor nationalities barely existed
under the lash Of the czar. Many
of them were in fact physically ex-
terminated. No one will deny that
pogroms were the regular lot of the
Jewish race and slavery for many
of the other nationalities. Many of
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
CEMENT e1.A1KoR By FEoPoK
Translated by A. S. Arthur and c. Asheigh
AU Rights Reserved-IntermationaI Publishers, N. Y.
national Publishers, N. Y.

the Black Sea- disorganized its indus
factory Geb
Chumaov Army Commander about getting things going
visits Party Committee the factory
argues Communist Group all to them
ing the mountain get wood into the
town the winter
Engineer builder chief of the
still under capitalist control hidden
still served by his solitary servant In the days of the
Gleb shot, had saved Daha Gebs
are introduced to him.
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
CATAPULT, PLANE FOR MAIL

Part cf the liner Leviathan's mail
is expected to arrive in New York
"a hours ahead of the ship on its
next westward voyage after being
picked up 300 to 500 miles at sea by
huge airplanc.
A catapult device is being in
stalled on the Leviathan's deck
which is to shoot 25 to 30 bags of
mail, one at time, to lines dang
ling from the airplane. Simultane-
ously, according to Lytle S. Adams,
inventor of the device, mail from
shore will be deposited on the liner.
The daily worker., 1929-05-25
Strengthen These Two Fronts.

THE American Federation of Labor very definitely de-
veops its strikebreakng role on two class struggle
fronts in the textile strike at Ezabethton Tennessee and
in the building trades war IN New York City.
In the two courageouy fought Tennessee textile strikes
the forces of the A F. of L. acting through MacMahons
United Textile Workers Union have acted the role of strike
breakers VicePresident William F. Kelley orders the
back to their jobs raising the black flag of treason
with the declaration that the strike must be called off if the
employers will take the strikers back and promise not to dis
crimnate against Any boss will accept such PROPOSE
ton 1t is difficult for employer to weed out active
strikers in time they do get their old jobs back
again. which seldom in such situation The strikers
At Ezabethon understand this thoroughly and denounce the
MacMahon organization and the A F. of treachery accord
ingly.
In New York City the selout marches under the old,
familiar of Arbitration Supreme Court Justice Cran
who issues the most sentences against the striking
cafeteria workers. that the proposed lockout of the
building called off, and that he is member of the
impartial committee that will meet the representatives of
the Building Trades Council and the Building Employers AS
sociaton In the meantime the solidarity of the
workers broken through the calling off of the sympathetic
strikes in support of Electrical Workers Union Local No.
obecves of the employers and Judge Grain
gets Especial congratuaton his abilities as conclator
from the New York Times.
The employers surrender nothing. They get the ad-
vantage of keeping the workers the jobs during the active
building season; gag temporarily of
evil practices in the building industry and Tammany Hail.
which closely linked up with the A. F. of L. trade union
officiadom in New York City, avoids unwecome and dis
concerng industrial the Of the municipal election
campaign
The reachery of the A. F. of L. at Elizabethton offers
a opportunity for the National Textile Workers Union
enter this situation where has been absent up to the
present 1t is incumbent upon this left wing industrial union
provide the strikers Immediately with the class
struggle leadership tnat they have been lacking.
The betrayal of the A. F. of L. offcadom in the
New York building trades should be to increased
activity of the Construction Workers Section of the Trade
Educational League the militant program which has
already been reviewed in these columns These two fronts
in the class struggle call for immediate strengthening
"A NDY' MELLON, who has just put S30O,00OOOO more
into the pockets of his family, will be present at the
first meeting of the Hoover National Law Enforcement Com
mission Tuesday in the White House at Washington Mellon
haa
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

M three previous articles appearing the Daily Worker the de-
directing
development collective
described The
take the problems of distribution and
consumptiOn0
The daily worker., 1929-05-25

1t Is the ultimate aim Of this
work ("Capital") to reveal the
economic law Of motion Of modern
aociatY~-NnRR,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-27

hours in dressing that we're needed to
make woman look presentable in the
days of tight stays and many petticoats,
Of hoops or buStles, whalebones and
rows and rows of hooks and eyes.
The problem of the dressmaker of to-
day is to design frocks that possess
something of the old-time elegance and
formality without any Of the old-time
inconvenience.
The sketch shows one of the new
an who is reluctant to give more than
dinner. The gown is made to slip easily
over the head. There is no opening at
shoulder or side, but in order to effect
the desirable snugnesS about the hips
there are two or three hooks and eyes
conveniently placed at the side. The
gown is Tapped trif1e at the side, hooks
are slipped into the eyes, perfect Sc
curity and trimness are achieved.
This weeks home dressmaker's help
is given for the benefit of the girl who Is
planning to make over an old frock. 1t
consists Of diagram pattern for max
ing a skirt flounce to give the new side
flare and uneven hemline, with sketch
Of the ffounce as applied and directions
for making use of it, 1t looks rather
but the founce consists Of
a straight length of material. tapered to
a point at the ends. If you would like a
copy of this little circular please send
me your stamped. self-addressed en-
velope and I will send it to you at once.
(Copyrignt. 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-27
WHY WE DO WHAT WE DO
BY MEHRAN X. THOMSON.

Some people hear sounds as colors
They interpret sounds in terms Of COL
ors Almost any sound may come to
have this queer significance to some
one. The letters of the alphabet COM
mon names, such as John, Dick and
Mary, are often experienced as colors.
This is a queer phenomenon, but the
explanation is fairly simple. Take the
word Mary" interpreted as red color
instead of a sound by some. one. In
all probability this is what has hap
pened. AS child he first heard the
name Mary applied to one who had
a red dress. This means that he re-
ceived two sensations at the same time
the auditory sensa ton of the word
Mary and the visual color sensation
of red.
Thus the nervous centers for the
sensation of red were traversed at the
same time that the nerve centers for
hearing the word Mary were traversed.
According to the psychological law of
the attraction Of the impulse, these
two impulses ran together and marked
out a pathway between the two centers.
This pathway became worn so by repe-
tition that later, when the name Mary
is heard, the impulse flows over from
the Mary center into the red color CEN
ter and a red sensation is experienced.
The opposite is also true and for ex-
actly the same reason. A person may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-27
Today in
Washington History
BY DONALD A. CRAIG.

February q, 1897-Mark Hanna oil
Ohio, chairman of the Republican ma
tional committee, arrived in Washing
ton early this morning. accompanied
by Mrs. Hanna; his daughter, Miss
Mabel Hanna; her friend, Miss Mary
E. Phelps; Mrs. l.. Hanna and DR..
Weber, the family physician. They
went at once to the Arlington Hotel,
where a suite of rooms had been prevl-
ously engaged for them.
A little later Chairman Hanna went
to the Capitol, where he conferred with
Republican Senators. He held an espe-
cially long conference with Senator
Hoar of Massachusetts. chairman Of the
committee on the judiciary.
The apartments which President-elect
Mckinley and Mrs. Mckinley will &C.
cupy at the Ebbitt House until Mr..
McKinIey's Inauguration as President
of the United States on March A have
taste" as one observer has described
them Every possible arrangement for
the comfort and convenience of the
distinguished occupants has been made
by the hotel management
Mrs. McKinley'S favorite color is
blue and her partially in this regard
has been gracefully recognized in the
theme Of the furnishings of their suite
of rooms
The suite consists of three rooms and
a bath. They occupy the southwest cor
ner of the third floor of the hotel. The
situation of the rooms IS such that they
receive the rays of the sun in some por-
ton from its rising to its setting.
Information was received today that
Gov. Tanner and a big party Of Illinois
Republicans will arrive in the city to-
morrow to participate in the inaugu-
ration ceremonies. Similar news from
other States continues to pour into
Inauguration headquarters.
Some have already arrived. Gov.
Circuit of Vermont is at the Arlington
Hotel with his staff and friends. 1t
is understood that Vermont headquar-
tiers will be the center for all New
England visitors to the city at Inaugural
ton time.
Tomorrow morning Gov. Bushnell and
staff of Ohio and Senator-elect Foraker
of Ohio are to arrive. Soon thereafter
Gov. Griggs and big party Of New
Jersey Republicans are expected. Vice
President-elect Hobart will probably
come with this latter party. The New
Jersey contingent has hired the entire
annex of the Arlington Hotel for the
inaugural period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-27

experience color as sound The blind,
deprived of eyesight. often think of
color in terms of definite sounds or Of
musical notes.
The psychologist calls the principle
behind this phenomenon conditioned
reflex.
Most of our fears are acquired in the
same way. At the first sight of dog
the tendency is to reach for the animal
But if at the same time a harsh noise
is made. such as the growl of the dog,
the child will associate the fearful noise
with the dog and every time he sees
dog he will experience fear
The whole system of rewards and
punishments is built upon this prin-
ciple. We spank the child for doing
what We call naughty act in order to
associate the sensation of pain with that
kind of act. In the future when he Is
about to do the same thing he will ex-
perience the pain sensations of the pre-
vious spanking and keep from doing it.
Similarly, the trainer gives the dog
lump of sugar every time he does
the trick properly. After a while the
animal learns that If he does as he
is told he will have pleasant sensation.
Experience with sounds as colors Is
one Illustration out Of thousands Of
how our several senses are all connected
through network of nervous highways
in the brain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1929-02-27
Personal Success.

Henry has very annoying habit of
checking up on the other fellow. He
seems to be far more concerned about
what his neighbor is doing and how he
does 1t than he is about what happens
to his own work, which is often very
poor.
Henry. this is very poor compost
ton. 1t looks as though you had given
1t no thought whatever. I'm going to
ask you to do it again and pay little
more attention To-
Jaw. why do have to do it again?
It's good enough. Look at Able. He
hasn't hardly a word spelled right and
he didn't keep margin and there's
big blot on his name. Mines better'n
his"
What has that to do with you? You
are not Able. His work is his own and
SO is yours. I'm trying to show you
that you are not really doing anything
when you hand me such work. 1t does
not belong to YOU"
Yes, it does. 1 did 1t myself. Can I
help 1t if / make few mistakes. All
the other fellers make them, too, and
you don't make them do it over. You
only pick on me-
Now. II the teacher is tired beyond
endurance, he or she will say, Very
well. If you don't want to learn, nobody
can make you" But if the teacher is
the sort that cannot rest until the last
effort has been expended he will say.
II want to see you at 2 this afternoon
in the library" and the conference
will be somewhat like this.
My boy Cor my GRID. want to show
you something that is going on in your
self and which is going to do you a
great deal Of harm If you do not cor