davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07


couth laborers, few small business
men-ill at ease in the court, strug-
Cling with foreign tongue. 1t was
easy work batting them and Katz-
mann had a good time. The jurymen
chuckled and nudged each other in
the ribs.
Much later the state has sought to
place the blame for the injection of
the radical issue" upon the defense
No one injected the issue. There
was no need to do so--it was already
there. But even in the technical
sense of the court record, Katzmann
was the first to bring the matter
into court. Cross-examining one of
Vanzetti's witnesses, John Di Carlo.
the prosecutor asked insinuatingly:
"Have you ever discussed govern
ment theories over there between
your" and "Have you discussed the
question of the poor man and the
rich man between you?"
The purpose of such questions, of
course, was to convince the jurors
that this collection of Italians were
mostly Reds trying to save another
Italian and another Red. In the
same fashion he asked defense
witness, Michael Sassi, whether he
had heard Vanzetti speaking of his
political ideas, whether he had heard
Veazetti making public speeches?
To disprove the cumulative abb
several contradictory, badly patched
"identifications" were advanced by
the state.
Ben.anli.l J. Bowles was one of
the men on the pay-truck. He was
at the same time a special officer
for the shoe company and member
of Chief Stewards police force, the
same Stewart who was exerting him.
self to convict Vanzetti. On May 10,
at the preliminary hearing, Bowles
testified that the shotgun bandits
mustache was "short and croppy."
At the trial he amended the descrip-
ton to make the mustache "bushy."
Three times he stated at the prelim-
mary heal ing that he was pretty
positive" that the bandit was Van
zetti. At the trial such equivocatior
was eliminated. He was positive"
Consider Bowles' opportunity for
Observation. By his own account of
the affair, he had seized the wheel
after the chauffeur tainted away
With tAs -. hand he drove the truck
and with the right he fired at the
bandits. All of it lasted few chaotic
seconds. Nevertheless he described
in DEAL the bandits hair, eyes, face
and clothes. lis memory was so
Photographic Tat it correspondent ex-
6 y with the prisoner before him.
Franz, w. Harding, better known
as Slip, originally described the
shotgun bandit as Smooth shaven"
to reporter of the Bose. Globe
In the preliminary hearing he sailSed
G. an "ovc-g-own Charlie 1haplin"
mustac,.e. BY the time the trial
came he was ready to identify Van
zetti. The value of his Identification
may be measured by the fact that
he also had identified" Orciani,
whoce pc feet alibi saved him from
trial.
Paymaster Alfred E. Cox, in the
preliminary proceedings, asserted
many times that the shotgun man
in contrast to the other bandit, was
short and Of slight build" When
the cas- . " trial Cox carefully
patterned his answer after Bowles.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07
Witnesses Perform Miracles to Railroad
Worker for Is Years

the defense group, says of Valley
and Govoni: "They railroaded us
to the electric chair, and this they
did most consciously and intention
ally" However ii may be, there
is at Leaf no doubt that Valley con-
Quoted the defense in a slipshod
fashion. He failed to round up eye
witnesses for his own side; he failed
to file a bill of exceptions. For fear
of exposing his clients political
opinions, which the jurors knew any
way, he kept him from testifying in
his own behalf, thus arousing a
presum. zion of gui,.ss.
A Farcical Trial.
The Bridgewater hold-up occurred
at 7:45 in the morning. AS the L..
Q. White Company's pay-truck, with
three men and about $4,000 on
board, drove up Broad Street to-
wards Hale Street, two men on foot
began firing at the three on the
truck. The first was returned. One
bandit had a revolver, the other a
shotgun. The truck escaped around
a trolley-car, and the bandits got
away in an automobile waiting on
Hale Stree.
Vanzetti, according to the prose-
cution's theory, was the bandit with
TIE shotgun. He had only one de-
Tense, a simple one. He brought
about thirty witnesses to the stand
who o-----l to his presence in Ply
mouth, % miles away, before, dur
ing, and after the hour of the crime
in Bridgewater. He was up early
that morning and worked late that
day delivering cells for the Christ
mas - -.-..ng. He had previous
ly made a house to house canvass
of his customers and taken orders
for cells. He was selling chem at 35
cents a pound at the same time that
Boston stores were exacting dollar
or a dollar and a half. Naturally he
ct MAJ. ~4icrs.
But all his Witnesses were Ital-
ians, since his customers that day
were 1t 80. So it could |, made
to look - conspiracy, case of
'wops sticking together" Katz-
mann made that clear enough in his
questions.
Louis Bastoni, an Italian baker
| testified that al i:45 sharp Vanzetti
was at his baAcly shop asking for
a loan Of the delivery wagon. 1t
would expedite the distribution of
t. cells. Bastcri was sorry to deny
the request, he, too, had holiday
{ ries to attend to.
"Hc in the world do you know
that it was exactly 7:45 2" Katzmanr
t,;.rdered.
81 remember" the Italian baker
replied, "and I will never forget that
while Vanzcssti was leaving my bak.
cry, l + ard the Cordage Company's
siren whistle OF a quarter to eigh'
o'clock"
Bc.sra--.J Brlni, thirteen-year-
old boy, testified that he helped Van
zetti make deliveries early on the
ith. lie was with Vanzet.. before
eieft o'clock. The boy was grlled
by Katzmann for two hours and re-
called for another hours grilling the
following day. His story was not
shaken.
Gre a. another they cine tt
the stand and told of seeing Van
zetti on the street, of receiving cells
from him. But they made an aggre-
gator would scarcely impress
Jury Of Yankee farmers. Stout
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07
BY EUGENE LYONS.

EDITORS NOTE-This chap
ter from "The Life and Death of
Succo and Vanzetti" is especially
illuminating at this time IN vieao of
the recent confessions in connec-
ton 7oith the Bridgel0ater robbery.
"The Life aud Death Of Sa,c CO
anG Vonzetti" international Pub
hshers) is a vioid account of the
frame-up Of the taoo murdered
italian aoorkers).
Judge Webster Thayer, small,
shriveled man lost in the folds of
black judicial robe; thin lips that
rarely smile though they sometimes
bend into sneer; sharp features
and small nervous eyes in pinched
gray face. He carries his title as
though it weighed tons and speaks in
a voice thin but pontifical. Thayer
is a stickler for form; too legalistic
to appreciate substance. His every
gesture proclaims to the world, 81
am Massachusetts"
There was no reason why he
should feel anything but contempt
for the man in the cage-the man
with swarthy skin and ferocious
mustache. Thayer believes with
every one of his class whom he
meets in clubs and on golf links that
foreign agitators are undermining
Massachusetts, depressing its stand
ards of living. But he is not one
to deny any man his day in court.
All the forms would be observed.
Vanzetti was known to the po-
litical powers of Plymouth. He was
one of the foreign agitators who
struck against the largest cordage
company in the world, the company
which practically owns Plymouth.
That was one of the first biographi-
cal details featured in the papers
after his arrest.
The trial began on June %, 1920
A jury of farmers chiefly, except
one, NiclEerson, who was a foreman
at the Plymouth Cordage. Prosecu-
tor Katzmann is ruddy, well-fed and
jovial. almost playful in hand
ling witnesses. He looks at the jur-
ors significantly. He is good actor.
He frames questions that embarrass
and confuse his victims; he seizes
ups. an inept phrase or slip of
memory TO maneuver them into con-
tradictions. All of this is right and
proper Katzmann is good prosecu-
tor-that's what the Norfolk County
taxpayers hired him for.
The courtroom was crowded. Folks
from Bridgewater were especially
interested. A daylight hold-up is a
blot upon the fair name of their
town. The prisoner lived up to their
preconception of a bandit. No one
smiled at Vanzetti, not even his at
torney. A few Italian friends sat
huddled in the rear, intimidated by
the court procedure. They were
strangers in the court of the Amer
leans.
Vanzetti's lawyer was John Vahey
Vahey has defended many Grimm
ais. He has excellent connections in
the underworld; his brother is some
thing of political power in the
county. This was just another rob-
berry trial to Vahey. He had been
gotten into the case by an Italian
runner" fellow Govoni, who
drummed up business for lawyers.
Vanzetti's friends, frightened and in
experienced were easy bait.
Persons close to the Sacco-Van-
zetti defense, and Vanzetti himself,
have always believed that Valley be-
trayed his client. The fact that he
later went into law partnership with
KatzEann gives color to his belief
Vanzetti, in . letter published by
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07
VanZetti's First Farce Trial
By Morris Pass

9 g. -.-~-. - 1T .-.-iles," said Bowles
on the stand. give feet eight
inches," said Cox after him. Such
agreement upon an observation made
while shooting and being shot at ap-
proaches the miraculous. But Cox
did not go the whole wcy. He re-
fused t. make his Identification
poc:tive.
Miracles multiplied when Mrs.
Ccargina Brooks took her oath. Go
ing along the street early that morn
ing she became curious about ar
automobile. Three she did not no.
tice---the fourth was a man with
dark, face, a mustache and dark
soft hat. r.v .~-Aled sol!e kind of
foreigner" She looked twice at
that mar, and he paid in kind by
lo1..-::..y back Severely"
"Tkat man." she t~-tified, 81
should judge was the defendant"
From the street she " 2nt to a
r,-.lroad depot block away: 800
feet iway from Hale Street and rs
feet back from B-oal Street. sc
was looking through a spec ] de-
pot window when the crime tc ok
place. She heard the shooting and
she saw ''fire and smoke ~ 9
gum" But unfortunately for the
woman's testimony, two-story
frame house on Broad Street COM
pletely shuts off the view of the
crime .area from the depot window !!
Mrs. Brooks was followed by a
14-ycar-old high school boy, May
nard Freeman Shaw. This by STOOD
behind a tree and had fleeing
glimpse of the shotgun man run
ming, las feet away.
81 could tell he was a foreigner
by the way he ran," young Shaw
to- ii at the trial.
"W'hat sort of foreigner asked
the defense.
EITHER Italian or Russian"
'Does an Italian or Russian run
differently from a Swede or Nor
wegian?"
eyes"
"What is the difference"
Unsteady"
The question of innocence or guilt
necessarily revolved around these
identifications as opposed to the
alibi witnesses. Other tenuous "evi-
dence" was worked in by the prose-
cution. There was, for instance, a
heroic attempt to prove that Van
zetti had once had "Charlie Chap
lin" mustache, or that he trimmed
his mustache, in order to bolster up
the contradictions of Bowles and Cox.
Two Plymouth policemen who had
often sc IN Vanzetti pushing his cart
testified that he always wore the
same br--. ..----.- .ie. An Italian
barber SO testified.
The trial lasted into the first week
Of July. Vanzetti was not permitted
to go on the stand and speak in his
own behalf. You will be asked to
explain socialism and anarchism
Vahey warned him, and everything
you say will set the jurors against
you. And your horrible English will
make bad impression, Vahey
warned.
Katzmann earned his pay from
Norfolk County. His summation al
the conclusion IF this trial was a
mat. ,cce of innuendo, relieved by
some humor and ending in ringing
call to duty. Then the thin lips of
Judge Thayer read the instructions
to the jury. There were two counts
against the defendant, he pointed
out, attempt to rob-" and attempt
to kill" The jury must disregard
the second count for which there
was insufficient evidence and con-
slider only the first.
The jury Wa 100 anxious. It dis
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07

The Workers tCommunfsD Party
:nvors the repeal of the VOlstend net
nnd the eighteenth amendment and
- the same time energetic propa-
t-nndn against nlcoh oIisn, one Of
the most malignant SO, ses
under capitalists, M
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07

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Address and mail out checks to The Daily Worker,
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The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-07

Published by National Daily Worker Publishing
Assn, Inc, Daily, Except Sunday, at 26-2S
Union Square, New York, N. Y. Telephone,
Stuyvesant 1696-7-S. Cable Address "Daisoork"
ROBERT MINOR. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Editor
: VIM. F. DUNNE. .AuiHdnt Editor
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
ANZACS NIQY
SIGHTS Here

About half of the crew OF the
Australian light cruiser australia,
living at anchor at Annapolis in
Guiding some $50 men and Officers
are making sightseeing tour of
the city today, while other officers
81 the ship are paying at visit
to the Naval Academy
a reception to officers stationed
III this city and at Annapolis on
board the Australia Il scheduled
Tor this afternoon and 4 dinner and
ti1eater party is on the program for
the AlistraIia's warrant officers IN
this city for tonight and = smoker
for the enlisted men at the state
Armory at Annapolis.
Golf and tennis matches between
Australians and American officers
are on the program for tomorrow
at the Naval Academy Officers
club and cricket, football games and
3 tug-0f.war between the men.
Tomorrow night the enlisted men
win be entertained at theater
party In Annapolis.
Last night Rear Admiral 3.
Robson, superintendent Of he
Naval Academy and Mrs. Robson.
entertained Rear Admiral Hyde Of
the Australia, at dinner. There
was also dinner for the visiting
officers aboard the training ship
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
CAPT. Al RADIO
MEN ON Visit
n FACTORY

one hundred and seventy i've
radio dealers Of Washington are
n king i trip today to Philadelp pima.
81 s special train to visit the
Atwater Kent factory The affair
n being sponsored By William 4.
O,Connor, president, and n. q. Fer.
Der. secretary of the Southern
wholesalers, Inc. distributors ol
Atwater Kent products in this ter
ritory.
An elaborate program has been
planned BY Wayne McDowsll,
convention mana ger, and Dick
sGraver, assistant convention man.
aEer of the AtWater Kent Manu-
featuring Company.
The special train left this n1OrI1-
ing at tbs, arriving IN the Quaker
city at 11:45. Special busses VIII
transport the visitors to the fac
tory where arl Washington con-.
vention will Be held after Inspect.
inr the factory "A banquet and
fl1sater party will occupy the eve.
ming and the Washinst onlans will
entrain at midnight.
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
Joan of Arc Chosen
Patron Saint Of
France Radio
nv International news Service

4
PARIS, Sept. s. Joan Of Arc
is now the patron saint Of radio,
and everything that goes with It,
bugs, static and all. The wireless.
operators of the French navy
served as electors.
The lack Of patron saint has
long annoyed the big spark and
plug men. Every other profession
had its particular saint, including
the automobile Insurance. sales
men, who picked Saint Christie
pher.
So the wireless boys got to-
gether and came out with Joan
of Arc as saint-elect.
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
SOL ORED 6. 0. 7.
GROUPS NEE

Local colored Republicans Delo
their home establishment meeting
last night at the y. NJ. g. "A, Dr.
.TsharIas A Marshall, who has been
elected president OF the local Hoover
ana curtis league Of Republican
staie central committee IN and Tor
the District of Columbia. appointed
III fynl west Hamilton, Eva Chase,
Mis- susie Blackwell. Capt. Camp,
hali johnson, w. Mazyck, Francis
yVaIIs ana b. Luclen Skinner, as 4
romnnittee on headquarters and es-
Is blishment Of the same.
Colonel Hamilton appointed to aid
him subcommittee Of Herbert
Ackers and g. Lucien Skinner as
COMMITTEES on OPENING night, which
was decided upon as Saturday,
SanteInber is.
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
Prizes FOR SEA-
HOP EXPIRE
~ Internatlonal news service

Wy IntefD0UOUNI NeWN NeFVIUo
BERLIN, Sept. 1.-THE Aero Club
of Germany and the German Air
Traffic Association last year offered
4 prize IL 100000 marks for the
first German aviator who should
ny In 4 German plane from q Ger
man airport to New York within
k4 hours.
The offer expired On August 4
and has not been renewed, whether
Il shall be renewed, and IL SO. un-
der what conditions, Il now being
debated.
"A prize offered By an American
newspaper for 4 flight from Rhilas
aelphia to Germany also expired
m August 4, and has not vet been
renewed.
The Washington times., 1928-09-06
$ .
Original
BusheL
Basket

do notf
delicious with appss Inc conn o 800
Jelly when used
accordn to q
Milford chronicle., 1928-06-22
STATE HIGHWAY DEPT.
REJECTSALLROADBIDS
Future Action On The Dover
kits Hammock Road Remains
Unchanged.

The bids on the proposed new
concrete road running from Dover
towards kits Hammock were re-
iected by the State Highway Depart
ment last week. This action was
taken by the department because of
the impossibility to procure the right
of way.
The bids for the road were receiv-
ed by the department few weeks
ago and shortly after that time it
developed that several property ow-
ners refused to give the right of way
and both the property owners and
the Highway Department could not
agree on the price.
This action will now delay the
building of the road and it will not
be ready for use this summer by the
persons who have cottages at kits
Hammock and occupy them during
the warm months.
The Highway Department still has
the privilege of condemnation pro
ceedings to procure the disputed
right of way but this plan is rather
doubted on the grounds that other
property holders close by have offer
ed the right of way free of charge if
the line was changed to come
through their properties.
Then again the project may be laid
aside by the Highway Department
who may turn their attention to the
construction of roads in other sec
tions where no right of way matters
will cause a delay.
Milford chronicle., 1928-06-22
COUNCIL APPROVES
FIREWORKS DISPLAY
Informs E. M. Davis That He May
Give Free Exhibit July Fourth

Milford Town Council has approx
ed the offer made by Edward M.
Davis, of Wilmington, to give a
free display of fireworks on the
baseball field in Milford on the eve
ming of July Fourth. In a letter
sent to him by Edwin p. Messick,
secretary of council, he is informed
that the council is PLEASED to ac-
cept your offer to display fireworks
on the Fourth of July in the Milford
Baseball Park" While final plans
have not been completed for the
display, Mr.. Davis states that it
will be equally as good or better
than the entertainment provided for
the residents of lower Delaware last
year, at which time fully 10000 per-
sons witnessed the display. 1t is
likely that a more detailed program
will be ready next week. There
will be no charge for the display
and no soliciting or selling will be
made on the grounds. Everyone
will be welcome.
Milford chronicle., 1928-06-22
KENT COUNTY JURY
PANEL is DRAWN
Isaac Jester, W. H. Biggs, E. F. Bur-
ris, ]. A. Dawson From Tenth

Kent County Jury Commissioners
Hopkins and Hope have drawn the
following panels Of petit jurors for
the regular July term, convening
July 2:
First district-John H. Reihms,
Franklin Ennis, David A. Knots.
Second-J. Henry Hazel, Benjam-
in H. Moore, c.. Herman Garrison,
Daniel M. Ridgely.
Third-Howell H. Sevil, William
Dulin, Ralph M. Brockson, Clifford
Clark.
Fourth-George q. KINNEY, John
Raughley, ST., John J. Ashton.
Fifth-Wilson G. Moore, John G.
Hayes, Carroll B. Massey, Thomas
Muncey.
Sixth-Robert Greenly, Harry H.
Smith, Clifford Minner.
Seventh-Edgar Townsend, Chas.
M. Hoch, Harry c. Care, William
Anderson.
Eighth-Caleb W. Johnson, Thos.
Spurry, William H. Patterson.
Ninth-Warren T. Moore, George
Morris, Goodman Creadick, Wilbur
Jacobs.
Tenth-Isaac Jester, William H.
Biggs, E. Frank Burris, John A.
Dawson.
Jury Commissioners Hopkins and
Hope have also drawn the following
additional jurors for a session Of
[COatiEGsd on page y
Milford chronicle., 1928-06-22
TOURIST TRAFFIC ON
PENINSULA INCREASES
Check Over Last Weekend Shows
Growth Of 81 Per Cent Over
Last Years Count.

Foreign tourist traffic moving
south into the heart of the Del-Mar-
Va Peninsula at the main highway
intersection below Dover, checked
from 5 p. M, Friday, June 18th, un-
til p. M, Sunday, June 18th, by the
Del-Mar-Va Eastern Shore AssOcia-
ton shows an increase this season
of 319o over the same period last
year and 51@o over 1926.
This check has been maintained
by the Association in conjunction
with other authentic checks in the
Eastern Shore of Maryland and Vir-
ginia Counties as a means of ascer-
tanning the movement of pleasure
and touring cars entering the Pen
insula since the Association was Or
ganized. While not claiming entire
credit for increasing the number of
tourists coming to Del-Mar-Va the
Association has ascertained 1efi-
nitely that it's advertising and pub
licity has materially effected this in
terest and in many instances has
been the direct cause of tourists
coming to the Peninsula. Naturally
the splendid system of state high
ways has been forciable reason for
many visitors taking advantage of
the touring attractions throughout
the fourteen counties.
In selecting the intersection of the
Delaware State Highway, south Of
Dover, as a point where a definite
estimate might be based on incom-
ing traffic the Association guarded
against the criticism that traffic fig
ures taken at entrances to the Pen
insula would not warrant the claim
that many actually came south or
travelled to any extent into the heart
Of Del-Mar-Va. Nothing but cars
passing through Dover and contin-
Iing south were checked by the Ac-
sociation and in numerous instances
where inquiry was possible these
visitors were questioned and were
found to be heading not only into
The lower Delaware and southern
Eastern Shore of Maryland counties
out on into both Accomac and North
ampton, Virginia.
In taking the traffic figures this
year the checkers especially noted
[COntinned on page 81
Milford chronicle., 1928-06-22
PEOPLElHURT WHEN
AUTOMOBILE TURTLES
George White Of Wilmington
Sustained Fractured COlIarbOne
Sunday Afternoon.

George White, of Wilmington, re-
ceived a fractured cOllar-bone and
other decorations, and his wife and
Mrs. Harwood Scanlon, also of Will
mington, suffered from shock when
the automobile in which they were
riding turned over late Sunday af-
ternoOn. The injured persons were
brought to the Milford Emergency
Hospital, where the injuries were
dressed. Mr.. White left after the
fracture had been reduced. The
women remained at the institution
overnight. They were discharged
on Monday. The accident occurred
about one mile south of Frederick,
on the du POnt Highway, about five
o'clock Sunday afternoon. The
Wilmington party was driving
north, when a Pennsylvania car,
also travelling in a northerly direc-
ton, pulled out and passed them.
The driver of the Pennsylvania car,
is said to have cut in too quickly,
with the result that the Wilmington
car was forced off the roadbed. 1t
turned over twice. Mr.. White, who
was riding on the rear seat, was the
most severely hurt of any of the
occupants of the car. The autOmo-
bile was badly damaged.