davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1928-11-17

Forty six turkey raisers Of Fallon,
Nevada, have signed an agreement
to abide by association rulings this
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29
DR.. MARY M. ATkESON
IN RACE FOR HONORS
Name Entered as Candidate for
First Vice Presidency Of Ameri-
can Pen Women's League.

The name Of Dr.. Mary Meek Alike
s0n. second vice president a the Ma
ilo1a. League Of American Pen Women.
was officially entered Il the race for
TIE first VICE presidency OF that organ
tzation Yesterday when Dr.. 4 koSOn fled
he~ nomination paper with more than
the required Endorsements at the Ia
ticnal headquarters here.
Dr. A;keSon, VINO WIS the first 10
fie for this position. Is a resident OF
Washington and . graduate of West
Virginia University with the degrees OF
A B and a M. and Of The Ohio State
University With the degree Of Phi. D. In
addition 70 being second vice president
she has been chairman Of the manu-
script committee Of The national league
fer the past two years. and Is a We'll
known authority on farm life
AmenG others 20 file for Office in the
league az the coming elections are Mrs.
Katherine Hopkins Chapman. fourth
national vice president. who has fled
for third vice presidency. with indorse-
r1er;s from Birmingham. Mobile and
Selma branches: Nine O.ea Sanla~Oa
O. Philadelphia, who Iiil contend FOR
the same Office. and Mrs. Z. Richard
Casch. recording secretary Of he Dis
trict n Columbia branch. who has filed
ss a candidate for the Office Of rational
recording secretary.
The elections viii take place at the
biennial meeting in April
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29
EXTRA DAY OF LEAP YEAR
RECALLS CALENDAR BUNGLING
Present System, Best Found Yet, Has
Error Which Will Necessitate 24-Hour
Correction In 4844.

IL arbitrary months. the latter alter
nately 20 and 30 days long. From the
original Roman months we get the
names September October 'Novem-
Der and December They mean
SEVENTH Fights. ninth and tenth
although they now relate to our NINTH
tenth, eleventh and twelfth months.
The II months of 20 and 80 days
gave the Romans year 354 days long.
Then superstition took hand. They
added one day for luck. The year was
still more than ten days short; so every
second year nm additional month was
added. of a length decrced by the
priests or pontiffs. And there is where
graft entered into the making of the
calendar. Days would be dropped out
months would be lengthencd to in
crease some Office holders tenure.
Leap Year Appears.
In 46 B. &. Julius Caesar, with the
help Of astronomers. gave the calendar
its greatest reform up to that time. by
the creation of leap year and leap year
day. He gave 81 days TO each of six OF
the months and 80 days to the alter
nav hAtAAhii| NNINPt LNDl y, Will IL
ordinarily received 20. This gave a
year of 365 days. He figured that there
were six hours left. and that by adding
an extra day-which we have come TO
know as leap year day--he would keep
the days exactly in accord with the
year
This approximation of Caesars was
the closest ever made up to that time ::
but the six hours which he took as the
excess was just ii minutes and l4.49
seconds too much to 1T the facts. The
year. which heretofore had been fig
ured too short. became for the first
time too long. The old year lasted q
little longer than it should. and so
Tapped over bit into territory that
should have been recognized as that OF
the new year. Astronomical events,
therefore. like the Winter solstice.
marked supposedly by Christmas. fell
on earlier and earlier dates. The lat
ter was separated more and more from
Christmas day Similarly New Year
day moved farther into Winter and
toward Spring.
by 1882 the accumulated error
amounted to IA days. But it was only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

10 days in error from the situation at
the time OF the melting Of the church
council Of Nice in 325 A. d. SO when
Pope Gregory turned the calendar back
In 1882, he turned II not to the position
in Caesars time, but to that in 325
A. d. AS a result Christmas still falls
four days after the Winter solstice in
stead OF at the same time. as 1t should.
Correction Needed In 4844 A. ID.
AFTER correcting the calendar. Pope
Gregory made a change in the leap
year arrangements so that the calen-
dar would not again creep ahead APP
proximatcly ia minutes year. He
arranged to have three leap year days
omitted every 400 years. This was a
much more nearly accurate calendar
than that of Caesar. but still there Is a
slight discrepancy amounting to near
ly three hours in 400 years or slightly
more than al minutes per century. In
about 1921 years after the Gregorian
correction the calendar. In spite of the
usual inserted and omitted leap years,
will be in error by one day. so that an
extra leap year day will have to be
omitted. 1t is probable. therefore. that
the year 4844. although supposedly a
leap year. will have only % days In its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

February--if February and the pres
ent calendar survive that long.
1.-THE English expression, leap year,
is rather an indirect one. It refers to
the fact that after February 20 q given
date leaps over an extra day. Thus
March /, 1926. fell on Monday and
March l. 1927. on Tuesday. but March
l. 1923, will leap over to Thursday.
In the languages derived from
the Latin. and in scientific cir
clcs In English, leap year Is
known by variant Of the old Roman
derived term. 'bissextile year The ex-
ira day inserted by julius Caesar was
placed between the oath and 25th of
March, the latter known as 'sexto
calendas.' The extra day was therefore
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

surgeon general, Munitions Building;
Lieut.. Col. Wilbur willing, Corps OF
Engineers, at Fort Humphreys. Va, and
Maj. Donald II. Connolly. Corps Of En-
gneers. at Memphis, Tenn, to the
Army War College. Washington Bar
racks; Maj. Herbert s.. Clarkson, Field
Artillery. mt Fort Leavenworth. Kans..
TO the Militia Bureau. War Department;
Maj. Kenneth s. Perkins, War Depart
ment general staff. to the 5th Field Ar
tlllery at Fort Bragg. NJ c.: Lieut.. Col.
Harry A. Wells. Infantry, at the Army
War College, this city. to the oath IN
fantry at Fort Benning. Ga, and Lieut..
Col. Charming E. Delaplane. 10Th In
fantry at Fort Benning. Ga. to the
Tank School. Camp Meade, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

Leap year day. February 90. is a
reminder Of mans bungling efforts
through thousands of years to frame
an accurate calendar" says bulletin
from the National Geographic Society
He hasn't achieved complete accuracy
vet" continues the bulletin, but he is
much closer to properly measuring the
passage of the years than his remote
ancestors were. or than were the found
crS Of the United States.
1t WAS 20 years after George Wash
inctOn was born that the EngliSh-Spcak-
ing world changed its calendar from old
Stvle' to the new style that We use
today. making q difference Of II days.
The nfan. George Washington first saw
the light on February Il. 1892. but
VIC celebrated February - rs his natal
day since that conforms to the cor
:ccted date.
Mohammcdan New Year MisrateS.
To sec how far We have progressed
in time measurement one has only to
consider the existing calendar of the
MohammeGan world. In ChriSten-
dom'S calendar our New Year day now
stays pretty firmly fixed in the Win
ter time Not so the MOhammedan New
Near. II spins mcrrily around the
calendar. running the gamut Of the sea-
sons every 33 years.
The first calendar was inevitably a
moon calendar. for the changes III IN"
phases Of the moon marked the most
obvious time cycle after the short one
Of day and night. This unmoditied
moon calendar is that used by Moham-
medans today Because l. Of these
lunar months, taken as n year do not
EQUAL the length of true sun year by
about II days. the calendar gains a
wear in the number recorded in APP
proNimately SO years.
The ancient Chaldcans started with
the lunar year, but discovered the real
year as measured by the revolution OF
the earth around the sun. Seeing the
error when moon years were used. they
took the first steps toward bringing the
months and days and years into some
sort Of harmony. They abandoned the
actual moon months and created the
arbitrary months such as We have to-
day These were II months OF 30 days
each 10 the year. making a 360-day
year. This they considered to be five
days short The error was allowed to
accumulate for six years and then an
extra 30-dav month was inserted to take
care Of the 80 accumulated days. Thus
they let a given date slip gradually
backward from It's moorings for six
years. and then suddenly brought 1t
forward to its supposed proper position.
Added to Amaze Problems.
"As matter of fact. the earth travels
completely around the sun N 365 days.
5 hours. 4S minutes, ASH seconds. so
under the Chaidean method the odd
hours, minutes, and seconds were ig-
rored But they could not be abolished.
They piled up to plague the Magi, the
pr!estly keepers of the calendar: and
gradually. recurring events of the year,
like the solstices and the equinoxes.
slipped away from their proper dates.
The early Romans had first 10. then
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29
Lake Opening Fixed for May /.

WINNIPEG, Manitoba. February %
Cc}-Remembering damage done 10
their vessels by ice in other years,
Canadian and American ship owners
have agreed that navigation on the
Great Lakes shall not open officially
this year before May l. That date has
been set as the earliest on which at
terpts may be made 10 reach the upper
lakes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29
ARMY TRANSFERS.

Orders Issued Mt the War Department
transfer Col. Ephraim q. Peyton. 9th
Infantry. at Fort Sam Houston, Tex,
to the office Of the chief of Infantry,
Munitions Building; Maj. William 0.
Wctmorc. Medical Corps, from the Ha-
Waiian department to the office Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

known as 'bis-sexto calendas' One of
the most picturesque expressions for
leap year occurs in Swedish-'skottar.'
1t means, literally, 'sprout' or shoot
year and carries the idea that an extra
day has sprouted on the year as a
green shoot springs from a tree trunk"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

In The United States today about g.
500 000 women GO oar 70 work every
DAY. Thirty years ago the number was
600 600.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-29

$3.50 Cut Silk Neckwear ..m....... Csc
Sl.00 Cut Silk Neckwear. 4Sc
$500 Hand Embroidered Crepe Silk
ScarfS NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. .S29S
Good White Handkerchiefs, per doZ. ,S16S
Soc Plain and initiated White Hand
kerchiefs. 15c for. ... 2Sc
Blanket and Terry Cloth Robes $3.50
styles $795; $40 styles. S695;
$3.50 styles. Sl4o: s. styles :, sos
All silk Longing Robes ONE-rtllRD OFF
75c Nainsook Shirts and Drawers.
athletic style. each. ...,........, Sc
$l.00 Ralbriggan Shirts and Drawers.
Four s. and So Canes. ,..-.......-..., 55c
Soc Carriers NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. lSc
soc and 75c SuSpenders. ...........,. 2Sc
$40 Clark Cigarette Lighters. ....... ,S6.7S
$50 Wales Lighters .......... ,Si.SS
$500 Wales Lighters ...............Ss .6s
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
CHRISTMAS BIG DAY
IN JAPANS CAPITAL
orientaIs Have Adopted Festival
On Commercial Basis
Along With Santa

Tokyo. Dec. 24-(Fp-This nom
Christian capital is celebrating
Christendoms great fete this year to
an unprecedented extent. This Is due
partly to the fact that December Is
will be observed by the nation as the
anniversary Of the death. in 1925, OF
Emperor Yoshihito but also because
the Japanese have adopted the Occi-
dental day as an occasion for gift
giving.
The words Christmas" and Santa
Claus have become common III Jap
anesc speech. Tokyo department
stores announce Christmas sales
while the newspapers carry heavy
volume of seasonal advertising. Rep
RESERVATIONS of Santa Claus are fire.
quently seen on the streets. and to-
night the principal thoroughfares
were decorated as for holiday and
were filled with busting shoppers.
All this, however represents more
Of commercial than a religious feel
ing. It also serves as a preliminary
to the big fetc week hence, for New
Years day is the foremost feast Of the
Japanese calendar, even in the most
modern sections of Tokyo
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
Additional Sports
big TEN BASKETBALL
| LACS into DIZZINESS

Chicago. Dec. 24.-(N-Thc Big
Tens preliminary basketball CAM
paign lapses into comparative dull
ness this week with only three or four
games programmed.
Saturday night. Lombard plays at
Wisconsin. Chicago at Depauw, and
Cornell college Of Iowa, at Mime
sofa.
The Pittsburgh Iowa game, can
celed recently because Of the influ-
enza wave, may be played Saturday
night as scheduled.
Big Ten teams showed better form
last week, winning seven out OF nine
preliminary games against some OF
the fastest aggregations In the mid
dlewest. Only Purdue. which lost to
Butler, and Ohio state. which was
trounced by Pittsburgh. failed to come
through.
Iowa's victories over Washington
university and Marquette last week
stamped the Hawkeyes as a big threat
in the conference race starting Janu-
ary 5.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
CHRIST IS COMING
soon, SAY M0RM0NS
First Presidency Of Church Is
sues Prediction Of Second
Advent Of Lord

Salt Lake City. Utah, Dec. "a
(AP) - Members of the first presi-
dency OF the Church of Jesus Christ
Of Latter Day Saints (Mormon in q
Christmas message say signs are
multiplying that the second coming
of Christ is nigh.
The hour and the day of the
Lords future advent is withheld from
the knowledge Of both men and
angels" the statement says. yet the
signs so definitely specified as har-
bingers Of his coming are multiplying
apace. The prevailing unrest among
men and nations, the fury Of the ele-
ments, widespread destruction by land
and sea. the frequency and intensity
Of volcanic and earthquake disturb
ances, all tell to the well-tuned and
listening ear that the gladstone. yet
terrible day of the Lord Is nigh-aye,
even at our DOORS
The statement is signed by Heber
J. Grant, Anthony w. Ivans and
Charles w. Nibley, members of the
first presidency of the church.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
DISASTROUS SOUTH AMERICAN WAR MAY
BE AVERTED BY PEACE in CHACO ROW

prices skyrocketing. There have also
been rumors that the land is rich in
oil deposits.
Bolivia. still smarting from the loss
Of its Pacific seaport and its rich nj
trate deposits to Chilli in bygone wars.
is heavily mortgaged by foreign loans.
Only lasts year it borrowed $23.0 00.-
600 from the United States. The coun-
try is rich in tin, tannin and other
natural resources. Chile and Peru
have never composed their differences
over the Tacna-Arica boundary dis
pute.
\ Paraguay's Disastrous War
It is doubtful If any nation could be
less prepared for war than little Para
quay, which has not yet fully recov-
cred from the disastrous Lopez wars
that almost wrecked the country two
generations ago.
Francisco Lopez, dictator who had
spent some years in France and had
dreams of becoming 1.-The Napoleon Of
South America" plunged Paraguay
into bloody war with Brazil, Argen-
tina and Uruguay. He was aided by
his cruel and designing mistress. a
Madame Lynch. whom he had
brought from Paris.
Nero was never more cruel than
these two bloody adventures.
In eight years of warfare they bled
Paraguay to 10000 men as against a
population of 100000 women and chill
dren. Toward the last. boys Of II
were pushed into the army and
flogged when they fell from exhaus-
ton. Men who could not fight were
executed. The close of the war In
1870 left Paraguay with a population
of less than $4,000 people as COM
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
Tulsa Hockey Rink
to Open January ]

Tulsa Dec. 24.-R)-Owing to in
completion of the Magic City COLI
scum. the mammoth home Of the
Tulsa Oilers. this citys representa-
tive in the American Hockey associa-
ton. the fourth series scheduled for
the home rink Of the Oilers. Dec Is
and 26 must be postponed.
The building, which will seat 1900
for hockey games. is to be dedicated
January with two game series with
the Duluth Hornets.
Walter r. Whitesidc. sponsor OF the
project and the builder Of the million
dollar edificc. is former Duluth man.
He deemed 1t appropriate that the
Duluth Hornets should be Tulsa's OPP
ponent in the inaugural curtain rails
ing OF hockey here.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
LAST OF SONS BACK
AND king IMPROVES
AS FAMILY UNTES
Duke OF Gloucester Motors to
Buckingham Palace on Ar
rival From Africa

London, Dec. 24.-(P)-King George
was doing probably as well as could
be expected today in the slow prog
ress from the depths into which his
grave illness had plunged him, and
there was united family at Bucking-
ham palace for the Christmas holi-
days.
The last of the three sons who were
In distant parts Of the far-flung Brit
ish empire when the king was taken
gravely i'll more than a month ago
returned to the palace today. The
arrival Of the Duke of Gloucester a
fortnight after the Prince, of Wales
and few days after his younger
brother, Prince George, completed the
family party.
The duke. who reached Southamp-
ton from South Africa early today.
stepped through the portals OF Buck
lngham palace In the middle of the
forenoon, shortly before his fathers
physicians issued this bulletin:
The king has had a quiet night.
The local condition continues to show
progress. The general condition re-
mains unchanged"
The duke had driven his own car
from Southampton, a distance of
more than 70 miles. in two hours and
20 minutes. despite greasy" roads,
The returning son found the atmos-
phere Of the palace. which was one
of deep anxiety when he started his
trip from South Africa, one Of SUBJ
dued optimism as to the outcome Of
his majesty's illness.
While physicians today were unable
to report any further definite i'm
provement In his general condition, it
was pointed out in authoritative
quarters that so gradual and Slight is
the progress made that it is often i'm
possible for the doctors to detect any
change In the patients condition in
the interval between one bulletin and
another. The cumulative effect, how
ever. of number of small steps for
ward made it possible for them to
Say that the king was definitely in a
much better position than a week ago.
Assurances were given that nothing
\ has taken place to check the course
of the kings progress thus far, and
the doctors were stated to be salts
fled with the way things are going.
There was distinct air of hopeful
ness among household officials this
morning.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
McCann-Daniels Card
Completed in Cities

Minneapolis. Dec. 24.-(F-Thc
boxing card featuring Dick Daniels
Of Minneapolis with Jack McCann Of
Bismarck and Britt German with
Ernie Peters. bantamweights here Fri
day night was completed with the
signing of Jack Carroll and Billy
Freeman, both of Minneapolis. 1t was
announced today by matchmaker
Mike Collins.
Carroll and Freeman have signed
to box four rounds at ITS pounds.
Freeman, a negro, knocked out Car
roll last winter.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
North Dakota Quint
Bound for MOrmOns

Denver, Colo, Dec. 24.-(F-Con-
tinuing its 5000 mile transforming
tour. the University of North Dakota
basketball team left here today for
Ogden. Utah. where Wednesday and
Thursday it meets Brigham Young
university and the Utah Aggies, re-
spectively.
The "Nomads Of the North" will
play four games in Utah. opposing B.
Y. u, at Provo. Dec. 1929, and then
will start for Los Angeles, where they
meet the University of California
southern branch, January 4. North
Dakota opposes Washington univer-
Sity Jan. 7-8 at Seattle.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24
Frontier Clash Between Bolivia
and Paraguay Soldiers May
Start Tragedy
| Contested Area Once Likened
to He'll Because of Terrain
and Indians

With Hoover in Latin America, Dec.
24.-lNEA)-(By Cable)-A bullet
fired in the little town of Sarajevo in
August. 1924, proved the spark that
touched a war that swept Europe and
eventually reached out to blight the
whole world.
Likewise. the recent clash between
a handful of Bolivian and Para
guayan soldiers at Fort Vanguardia,
OH the disputed frontier between those
two countries, may prove the spark
that will touch off q disastrous South
American war unless the mediation
efforts at Washington succeed in
bringing peace.
Even visitor to South America can
see that the volatileness of contigu-
Gus nations is dangerous. Especially
does this apply to Chile. which is
proud. powerful and prepared for war
and Is on the most friendly terms
with little Paraguay. Peru, which
fears Chile, is friendly to Bolivia for
that reason. The sores of bygone
wars are still being nursed.
In Fear of Chile
It is the same fear Of Chile, It ap-
pears, that has proved the sole check
on Bolivia which, if opposed only by
Paraguay in a war, would stand to
clirch thousands Of square miles of
disputed territory on the frontier.
This land contains possibly much oil,
rich quebracho forests and would also
afford inland Bolivia a route to the
sea. down the mighty Parana to the
Atlantic.
The "Gran Chaco," as the disputed
territory between Bolivia and Para
quay is known, is one Of the most
primitive areas in the world. Filled
with alligators. huge poisonous snakes
and strange beasts of many kinds. It
is populated by rowing Indians who
follow the same customs and habits
Of life today as they did when Ferdi-
nand Magellan sailed down the east
coast Of the continent four hundred
years ago.
Chaco Likened to Hell
when our ancestors invented he'll
they had no knowledge Of the Chaco,'
John Foster Fraser. an English journ.
alist, once wrote. He described thu
heart OF this country as containing
nothing more than swamp and for.
ests, mosquitoes and fever and saw.
age Indians who would run spea,
through white man without com.
puaction. The region is full Of ALI
gators. jaguars. tapirs and pecarrie.
and also abounds in beautiful bird
and insects.
i II descriptions given by the Indian
are to be believed, strange animal
and reptiles unknown to natural his
tory infest It's dark depths. One
the dog snake, which Is said BY tn
Indians to have head like dog ami
a cry like puppy's bark. An inter
esting beast is the ow-ow. said to b
a white, long-haired animal abou
the size Of sheep which hunts Il
packs and attacks human beings.
TEX" Richard Ranches
! Despite its dim and primitive In
terror, the edges Of the Chaco affor,
rich grazing lands for cattle. On
cattle company, headed by TEX
Rickard, the American FIGHT promoter
has been in operation there since tn
days when the World War sent bee
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24

pared with three or four times that
number when the fighting began. AL
most every man and boy above Is had
been killed or wounded. The country
was land of women, old men, chill
dren and cripples.
After looting the national treasury.
Lopez and Madame Lynch sought to
escape to France. She made her get
away safely. but the tyrant was killed
by Brazilian soldiers. Most of the
millions that they stole are still be-
lieved to be buried somewhere in the
country.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1928-12-24

clccti,1e football captains was dis
continued in favor Of the modern
plan Of having field captains APP
pointed before each game by the
coach. Coach Earl Butte. who acted
as master OF ceremonies. proposed
the change. which met with the ap-
proval of tho team. Football men
attending the banquet were: Captain
Butcher. Strand, Skovl1olt, Peck.
Peschel Thompson. Persons, Hau,-
sauer. Wood. r. Brady. Mass. Palm
CIR. Fischer. Summerville. Strubel.
Canham. Williams. Ivers and Brew
Ster,