davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-12
PORCH AMENDMENT
TO CODE ABANDONED
p1oFomI 70 Prevent Enclosures
Was Opposed by
Builders.

A. pfoL3aeG aHeF4cnent ~ the Dis
ffsHf g9s4Gu3g c3Gs Designed " prevent
IN" lne.Gtsy9 ~ rear I,Jseilsh has been
sbatc9f4sG II Was announced yakt@T~
cay ~ Msl " Il II EoYei! senior sa~
BIZ taft Engineer Commissioner, VIM i!a&
administrative slpt,f vision over Tie
k45jaIf4g 5HsisNgb}is Gsgafi1Isft
TIE an.4DGfnent NaA suggested fol
.9W3Ag fefSgfts ~ The fire marshal that
a. sfge HatnI,eT ~ Jla iIlcists1d potciJeE,
Daii' Without permits, are potential FIRE
AEAsToa. 4 VigDfouE protest BaE made
aga1IsAi tie sdDp.a8i III the amendment
W group ~ BaitfffA.
Permits are required u iHeb,se rear
seteI Maj CoseiI printed out, bat "
large u.alpIiiy III irHns o"ns1s. who
fb =. 3nrDtaAo their !ttfctsss, have d"ns
~ mItt.pit HE approval III TIC building
lI5!s.-stbJt aAa f0ita<eqsiFDIy some ~
ketG ~ i4Dt meet ttte sIsffiflfatbIis Ie +
abDe1 ~ tbs building 1JGs
IlAe aypl3nf. II we said, VIII Keep b.
I3'lf. aafeitI stls'F ~ isbt irJt'h ~
1l,b4lt sDsbti3si iDnE IN TIE fDllfe ~
fDiat lssuae ~ fttfa ~ tHataIs psfHih
E*'pIs uHGssiaF3Hg ~. war;
914ete as gop l4pft fbsn filpVtaNd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-12
"Twenty-Six Gents" Sign at Bureau
Calls Attention to Cost of Letters

hopes of curtailing the output OF COM
municationS.
| Department heads who have not put
| out the little signs may be asked TO
explain why they have not done so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-12
THOUGHT NOW DEFINED
AS CHEMICAL PROCESS
lysiologist Conducting Expert
ments With Delicate Apparatus
and Frogs Nerves.

~ the Associated Press.
CHICAGO. February 11.-Thought,
rs defined in the dictionary. is mental
concentration on ideas as distinguished
from sense perceptions or emotions. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-02-12

A baby will cry when 1t wants some
thing, but a woman will cry when she
doesn't know what she wants
Evening star., 1928-01-15
Capper Pleads for Political Freedom of District of Coumb
People Here Deprived of Privilege of
Bringing Suit in Federal Courts-Gov-
ernment Employees Cannot Serve on
Juries in Criminal Cases-Voice in
Election of President Is Denied to
Citizens-School Development Slow.

For many years and until 1871
the people of Washington elected a
mayor and city council and Part Of
the time had representation OF FINE
kind in Congress. But the city. laid
out according to the original plans Of
George Washington and his expert
assistant. Pierre L'Enfant. on zrs nd
scale fitted for the future capital Of
the whole world. with streets 100 TO
1s0 feet wide. was expensive TO main
tain. Congress contributed conn IRA.
lively little TO the upbuilding and
maintenance Of the National Capital
and the city became heavily indeoI ed.
When Congress finally came 10 It's
rescue financially IL simultaneously
took from the people of the National
Capital the right TO participate in their
own government.
So since 1873 Congress has made
all laws or ordina noes for the Distl ict
of Columbia.
During each Of ,he as few years
Congress has given vastly more at
tention and sympathetic consideration
TO the National Capital and its people
than in entire decades preceqing.
Nevertheless. Washington. the CITY In
which every American citizen mas a
birthright and a just pride. IS still far
short OF the ideal expressed by Presi.
dent Coolidge in these impressive
words:
We are embarking on an ambitious
building program for the City Of
Washington. Into these structures,
winch must be considered as Of
permanent nature. ought 10 90 the
aspirations Of the nation. its deals
expressed in forms Of beauty.
IF our country wishes 10 comns.e
with others, let i not be in the sup
port OF armament. but in lhe making
OF beautiful Capital city. Let il
express the soul OF America"
Certainly Washington cannot and
viii not express the soul Of America
until the more than half q million peo-
pie Of the District Of Columbia are
given some direct representation In
the Government which rules them In
petition 10 Congress in 1926 the resi-
dents OF Washington said:
Since the halfmiIlion Americans Of
tne Disirlci pay national taxes. obey
national laws and 90 70 war in the Ma
non defense. they are entitIej on
American principles 10 be represented
IN the National Government WHICH
taxes them and which makes all laws
for them and which sends them to
war"
There is now pending before Con-
gress a resolution which. II adopted,
wM submit 10 the States q cons,jfu-
tsonai amendment authorizing CON.
gress 10 oestow upon the reopse OF
the District Of Columbia the r.Shts
20 representation IN the Senate ard
house or Representatives 10 yo,e in
the election cf President and VICE
PRESIDENT and 10 sue ard Se sued in
United States courts.
AS a matter OF simple justice 10
American citizens. as one or rhs
means necessary 10 build 4 CAPITAL
eminsnt!y worthy Of this Nation. ard
as rinai proof ct our senuirs n>Ijes
IN the principles OF democracy. rhs
District % Columbia should he Eber.
atsd.
Evening star., 1928-01-15

veritable fretraps. lighted by gas.
With no modern equipment whatever
and practically ro piaysrUuad s01cc--
were ovclc- DIVIDED with children ir.
| structed by grossly underpai1 teach
ers.
During the last three or four years
Congress has appropriated generously
tout of Dis lict taxpayers fundsl for
school purposes. and this particular
situation is much improved.
Until very recent years 5000 per
sons OF the Nations Capital were l!v.
ing in hoveis and shacks situated In
nearly 800 alleys Of Washington. More
than a third of all the alley children
under one year OF age died. The
alleys were the abode of hunger, vice.
filth. disease. crime and human misery
beyond the Inns agination of people who
tad not visited them. As mary ~ IL
or II persons occupied houses of four
small rooms. In one alley a family uf
eight was found living. or existing, an
a single room. The condition has been
greatly aileviated. hut would II ever
have existed IL the people OF Washing
ton had controlled their own local
government?
The act Of Congress which deprived
the people ~ Washington cf the
Evening star., 1928-01-15

there are other sections of the Dis
trict practically unoccupied. Still other
sections are built up with hundreds of
detached houses having neither
sewers. water nor gas supply. located
on streets unpaved and without curb
ing, and lighted only by feeble gas
lamps. This in the Capital Of the
worlds wealthiest, most enlightened
Nation,
WASHINGTON is situated on one
w OF the most picturesque and
beautiful rivers. In many places its
original high, wooded banks have
been defaced and blasted away. It's
greatest and truly majestic scenic
feature. the Great Falls of the Poto-
mac. even now is threatened with de-
struction by electric power interests.
Its waters are so polluted by sewage
discharge as 10 be unsafe for bathers
In Washington are thousands Of
men and women devoting the active
years of their lives TO the service of
the Government. After 80 years Of
faithful, diligent service they may be
retired at the age Of 20 on a maxi
mum pension of $1,000 a year. The
average annuity. however. is only $50
month. Several thousand retired
employees receive less than $50 a
month. Whatever they receive. how
ever. comes entirely out OF deductions
from the salaries of the Government
employees themselves. Such is the
lack of generosity Of the Government
in dealing with employees who have no
direct representation in that Govern
ment.
To condepop ropyraSs ,rrovaE6aSlv
for these conditions would be unfair
The members OF the Senate and
House of Representatives have the
problems of their own States and dis
tricts and the general welfare Of the
whole Nation TO consider and act
upon. 1t is absolutely impossible for
any member Of Congress to give all
his time and attention TO the affairs
Of the little District Of 20 square
miles which constitutes the Nations
Capital Yet Congress. under the
present system. must legislate often
and none too well on such subjects as
the provision OF a public market
place for the District OF Columbia the
changing of the name of u street in
Washington. the removal of a body
from city cemetery. 4 single mem
ber of Congress can, and sometimes
iation that would be beneficial TO
sSo.eoo people who can only plead in.
directly for their rights. without OF.
fetal representatives to demand them
The fault probably is chargeable to
the desire Of the trainers Of the Con.
stftution TO protect the Federal Gov.
ernnent from State domination
They gave 10 Congress the power TO
exercise exclusive legislation in all
cases whatsoever over such District
mot exceeding 10 miles SQUARED as
may become the seat Of Government
Of the United States"
Certainly. however. il was not the
intention of the men who had riSksd
lives and fortunes in the cause Of
liberty to deny TO half million In.
hahitants OF the seat Of govern
ment" the precious right TO partici.
pate in that Government
Evening star., 1928-01-15

right 10 even limited government
I specifically provided that the National
! Treasury should bear half the cost of
maintaining the city. This was only
ius:. in view of the fact that the
/ Urited states owned and still owns.
entirely tax exempt. large and i'm
mensely valuable tracts Of ground and
! buildings. Then. too. the city ron. lis
very beginning was intended ~ h. CA.
veioped and improved on scale t;.at
would fiitinsIN reflect and vis:Iaii2e
the wealth and power OF the whole
Nation,
Congress. however. repudiated its
solemn contract II pay half the e%.
penses Of the District, First the Fed
erai Government cut It's own contribu-
ton from SGT 40 per cent. ard in re.
cent yeats has paid only about one
fourth the cost of adminis,ratiCe 0f
the District Of Columbia. Thus an NJ.
fair share Of The cost Of developing
and maintaining a Capital worthy Of
u great Nation has been placed on
people entirely without representation
in the Government.
For years Government employees
and valuable Government records
have been quartered and stored In 80.
called temporary frame buildings
Evening star., 1928-01-15

States-decide what TO do with the
SIS, 600. 900 or more collected in annual
taAes from the people Of the District
of Columbia. No official representa-.
tive of those. elected by their votes,
can say word in their behalf-be-
cause there Is no such representative
! and there has been none for more
| than half century.
II is Congress which by more oi
less solemn act or legislation decides
which of Washington streets shall
he paved: how its trash and Garba et
shall be collected and disposed of
where street lights shall be placed
where and what kinds of schools shall
be built: how many policemen Wash
ington shall have and what they shall
be paid.
Could there he be;ter-or worse
example of taxation without repr2sen.
tation"
Let us see what this form of auto.
cratic government has produced. 50
that we may learn the value OF
democracy.
American citizens. cannot bring suit
in the Federal courts of the country.
The Supreme Court has decided that
lLSlI St2tQS IL tS1S tAfdi tH"< VA o'ASAAH'
in this respect.
The Government employees Of Wash
ington. some 65 900 in number. can
not participate as jurors in the trial
of criminal cases in the District OF
Columbia.
The $50 900 people of the District
of Columbia have not a single repre-
sentative in the Senate or House OF
Representatives of the United States
no one with legal residence in Wash.
ington TO present on the floors of
Congress as their official spokesma n
the opinions and wishes. the rights
and the grievances of this multitude
OF American citizens. Yet each OF
several States of smaller proportion
has two Senators and one or more
members OF the House Of Eepresen.
tatiVes.
The residents OF the District OF Co.
lumbia have no right To vote in the
election of Presidents OF the United
States.
Until the enactment in 1912 OF leais.
ia ton sponsored by the late Senator
La Toilette. the thousands Of Govern
ment employees in Washington were
forbidden TO petition Congress for
their rights or their desires. or e.nn 10
furnish information to the National
Legislature in their own behalf.
Until Congress suddenly 1oke 20 p
sense of responsibility a few years
ago. the public schools Of the Nations
Capital were, In their physical aspects.
among the worst in the country Chill
dren were crowded for part-time IN
struction into fiimsy wooden struc-
lures which no self-respecting rural
district I'm Indiana. Kansas or New
York would have countenanced for a
day. These shedg-for they were lit.
lie more than that-had neither
proper light, heat. air nor sanitary "a
cilhies. In addition. more substan ial
schools built scores of years ago
Evening star., 1928-01-15

pilot. who is stationed behind the
( bomber. The observer stands in a
cockpit in front OF the pilot and above
the bomber.
/ Is means OF the director the bomber
virtually controls the direction OF the
plane, for when he moves the sight
( he thereby shifts its indicator 70 one
side or another, and the piIo, alters
the direction aCcprgiingly. There is no
necessity whatever for conversation,
! and even should there be IL would mol
he heard above the dismal wailinSs Of
The high powered engines.
sss~
ELYING. then, in single planes and
further Handicapped hv lev
weather and n gale which seldom lie,
creased in velocity below 81 miles an
hour az the dying altitude. the bomb
ers began their operations. Their rrst
task. the testing u. the houn cases
by fillinS them with sand and hsav.ns
them at the target. was soon over 10
their satisfaction. The prx,Sec;iles, de-
Nised by the Ordnance Department.
proved TO be " ship-shape quality.
As might naturally have been expect
ed. the eases OF the Soc FOUNDERS were
pretty we'll splinters~i ey the terrific
eeo'pcunderS, though In certain in.
stances they bore up admirably. Even
the massive l.loo-paunders shattered
ins" Nee hits AT times. though enlN
when they struck the strongest por.
uon OF the unusually SsHcns orl,igs
A. for the tests ot the e>,,nl<
proper the FOUNDERS were rrSI
dropped. and, an VAS expected, thsE
proved {" be ineGtertnal Their SrSAat
est damage Was IL punch tiny holes.
perhaps few feet square, in the
hridSe, I'm no way seriously weaken,
ms the structure, The SatApcunsiers
were somewhat more effective. though
once again not enough IL accomrliss,
important damage.
And now the rNalty destructive
work heSan-~ths employment " the
Lice FOUNDERS, each Containing $50
pounds of INT. Only IS NJ these
giants were available. but four os
them, somew hat less than IS psr
cent average, made g,,gd hits smash
hs the designated portion et the
bridge into shredded mass of lNs,,
tered concrete ami twisted steel
The nrSt bomb that struck the
bridge deStroNeti two aeprtNaCh S,Nsns
length of ~ feet et strongest con,
SttuCtlen, The second blk trllew de
MeIlsheN Two more cf these an
nr,sarhes and the last two hits stvtk,
lns close u the huge pier wairh sun,
ported one t the three iarsse SpanS
over the river, rut thts pNstiea "
the target cut ot coinMiSStAn
II did nW take very hong tor the
experts ta diSraver, tar rnce and fes
AL, what Mind M desSnatcrs wer,,
meSt eteesivs IN hrkase ,aeSsvurttnn
whether the haa,eS xheuhi ~ ~
fused as ta glVe instantaneous er
DELAYED explosion, The instantaneous
sort prnNed unsatisfactory because
they did not giSe that Important esM
sideratton which the eoaheF calls con, /
nhemeht In asher w,rstS. tAeN ~, |
fered Az exn,rsien whteh struck hart l
tc be sure, hut which atd aot <ase.a I,
eat hserahS NJ a. sa plvNs ste the ae /
siFed stamaSw /
~ this genesst connection II Is la /.
n"ttAnI +" nate that, a. A r0ee. tAs |
hits fsam h@mes lssS ,hsa i.iaa
Evening star., 1928-01-15

pounds were not effective in any case
n they happened - strike the water
near the tSrset without actually hit.
ting the bridge. The reason q rsst-
although in 50 feet of water. the
waters weight Is susficisn, 70 els,
tribute the force % The blow N ef.
tective fashion. the Sarss does ncs
! hld true in cnly 70 fee, % water.
the SveraSe depth around the PEE
Dee STtdss ,ScSst. On the other
hand, static tests carried ON az the
proper showed tina, II ths l.ise-
Founders happened 20 strike the
water fese frNNn the tSrSe, the
'nSulnS dsrHSSs WoQkS ~ almost as
great As Il ilrec; hiI had beer
made.
Summing W ths rse pse Bridge
tests. whlch were the ksSeS,~sca.s
land Ncn1Aaryimsug exercises ever
auncAs~i IN ;eiS CIsuNtry Srs prcS>
ably in she world: Tns effectiveness
~ modern boaaS!aS was tested BE-
yond AL iNch;. without INJURY o.
casualty, ana sG,irs,S wttAcu. nc,cg
failure ~ plane freaels - Sav Ss,rt
An aVeSaSe ~ better SASn 20 cer
cert NJ high explosives Ssrtsck the
tarSst. Sw3 tAe way was pres>srs>a q,
fat0re N>sceafNSn,sr; Fs&Ge2VegS
Tux rev tcE,h.0S rSaS> ,,SN ~.
dsg ccrS 1sga t0N ~ the AEseV
AR ''oCsN> WiH g,yVN, ,ss Nv \ crew W
ave nte0-,t pskc:. NAS,,eeg. wAc wAN
act $s S>SlStSn, p'tvs. and thrS>s n>s
ehlrs summers The planes wsG -
aele te attain AN ap%sSsiax Ss,sstNse
or secut csileS. have \ maximum
SpesI NJ tsS - $50 miles ar boar.
carry Anne lotS ~ s>ns s.ses
pe0''aS s~d w!u ~ able ~ Az any
distance which EN>U1 Ne crNeSSSs in
~'SA' ~ uS ncUrS In csAey wvrNsS.
they viii ~ aele ~ ~ to any SASer
tive AID ANase :, within that St>sc<
80 time Their e0a,resSn, w,a snclssSae
esther twu csNSngS ~ SIS ASrSssN>wex
~ twr vi SNA Horsepower. CeytSsaN
tseN vii rrpye>Sus .As very SSssSs
tAcSrh; s0 e~Asss>S rysnaeNe G~,aSSFssS>
aco AMI Will parallel II MNs ee 81
eertw tN, aNV NsSasS ~ ses xeaSrSf
Nre ~ ~ tnuo1 StNw N~r~
tNN. aSE (es rev es8oSS WtsA be
Mstss" @S~e~F ~ NtSs'& S,sd e>susr
pnd a> g. ~ aH1e - remain IN the aN
enlN ave h&Ny> Ass<t = MAtf> Mhk>N AsS
lNc SreSd cs >n>N zee n,sseS &n h,>ar
and an es'rrasstRS SRttGsie Ss Nus q
n9se and : AAG In ethev wvS,aS tNs
new eeaae> M, have tsassessd he ~
rfstlns sttstWstF, tnrr~S>SNi tAs Sr<e&
~ - - 81 yNss S>SNt Sed eSsscS>eA the
etus>iaG sASsSace ~ sesstsN 90 reSnstn
IN the asr tC<No ace ~ SeA nIes$
AeN<Ney, the eiNeFStt,sx snwssSse NJ
the "vW pN8nsS wtN eSSaeAe them C.
Nv 'A>Ne ,As AesShs Ne wAsSA the
most taS~s~Fa sastAtEIyats sgtslseSS
can ~ said ~ es vSasly eysSSNs.
Evening star., 1928-01-15

where the heat is so intense in sum
mer that human life is actually en-
dangered. The Government building
program now under way will remedy
this, but the condition illustrates the
parsimoay To which the Nation =
Capital was subjected during lon-
years Of neglect.
I'ntIl 1920 the city which the Father
of our Country contemplated as event.
uaily the most beautiful in the world
was without proper coming
ordinance. The natural beauty OF
the city was marred by the erection of
block long rows of cheap and ugly
houses, Fine residence districts were
ruined b" the building In their midsl
Of grocery stores and small laundTies.
Pennsylvania avenue. intended to
lie one Of the finest ana most beauti-
ful OF all highways. connecting. IA IL
does. the Capitol Building. The United
States Treasury and tn" White House.
was built up block after block with
two story wooden and red brick
dwellings. housing chop suey restau-
rants. Chinese lauudries. gypsy
fortune- telling parlors. near beer and
real beer saloons the latter now
gomez. curio shops. second hand boo's
stores. cheap hotels. cheaper hotels
ard markets with extensive sidewalk
Evening star., 1928-01-15

n R ORE than mile and . hall
NH above a bridge In North
INt Carolina. the other day. d
4 j group Of sirplanes clrcIed
speeding at so miles an hour.
their curious nnaneuverE made them
the center of interest to scores OF
people throughout the surrounding
countrywide.
What WAS the idea7 Almost before
the watchers on the ground could
frame the question something swep,
DOWN. down. and a crash Was heard.
Gtrsining and cresking and finally hit
ting the water with tremendous
splash. a bridge span ripped from i,s
ffqooringk.
Here. indeed. Was a sight extra ordf.
nary. Peace-sirne il was, set a ma a.
siye bridge was being bombed. The
fact In, series of experiments was
being conducted that had no parallel
IN b.stofy--teSts In which d grouu Of
Army Air Corps bombing planes flew
10 less than $4,000 miles. No e.ns II
mileage thai. Just about euuiva lent
10 q flight around old Mother Ear.n,
As for the poundsge ~ the hort,bs
there was carried a different inter-.
saig no Iess tha y total u ~ 800
pounds. Eeag in nJ3nd that boni,s con.
tain - 10 Ce per cent TINT
Abr did the bridye hs ~ 70 he de.
sff"Yed FOR |eTy xDod yea sgf,..
Sstnpe seven years sRo u massive ~.
3nfoyce0 fforfTEfs structure etub,t1y.
1hg the most modern idess IN bridge
f0nsf fiJctioT, wss bu!.t srross inc
pee dee River between AIl,ensrI
anr Mount Glesd X. T.. AbDu, .
ihoUsa M feet ~ length. IL wss 70
feet wi6e. with three huge spans and
b@Yen smaller approaches on each
side
Time moves on. and modern dc.
ynsDds along with r ~ IL happened
that the creation ~ greater s0ufce
III l,owss made Il necessary 70 erec,
d dam south of The bfidge al Il neigh,
which sDon "ouio mean the submerE'
ing N the rldeT structure. The use
Of tfs, bfldgs being no longer prac
fk:sj YET another one On the same
general Lnes csme into being farther
noffb
Arns% fb% probIefn ~ bow ~ de
FftrY fhF 'Dd" structure ~ that jf
would DDt .Je netsre ~ navigation
ss tt.e DeNls fDsDsd lake. Where
aton iEe rfste Highway rDngHissiDn
Al Mort II Carolina requested lhe Wst
1IefDsf - tgient y bDnlbIHR experts ~ steD
faio the picture Win characteristic
Gsspstf1n fLFk OH 10. tHs pDy@ft bhHfE
under rhe cDsnbined sDsplnes ~ tht
Army Air GoTps the Engineer Corps
sna the F.s!d Artillery.
What 81 oDporl unity for the Army
EXPERTS Here waE a new target. 81
f.,rojng . unique and DefhSps HhEuf
,,asse6 chs ncs 10 test bombing an1
sisuuits neouEiy, the stfshEn ~ b
.rrns.r reinforced concrete bridge
.x.gnst bombing ms neuyeTs.
fn4 fns jof consicet w. tions were 'hfee
ag Whether the present demolition
,x,,nL eases would stsna up under i'm
s..x.a fou4 high siiitodes on f"lh
fntes6 con"tets construction ~
whether tbe 800 FOUNDER. ~" 800
,,ot,u1er o. Tie ! 100 pound bomb "ss
tce proper d@BloiishLnfnt p0)-f'l*
en6 49, whistler IA order =" sf'''m
x.itE q good job ~ construction me