The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-05

present market conditions in a coun-
try like the United States, consecu-
tive investments of capital are not
as profitable as for instance in
South America And this problem
is not as simple as some comrades
think. 1t is very complicated one.
Our general deductions are as fol-
lows. There are now various causes
of unemployment and these causes
must be analysed. There is the I'M
employment that arises in time of
depressions; there is unemployment
called forth by the process of ration
alization, even in the period of the
upward trend of development; there
is rapid growth of unemployment
at the time of a marked upward
trend of development accompanied
by extremely rapid technical prog
ress. Take for instance unemploy-
ment in Great Britain and in Amer
lea. These are two different types
of unemployment. 1t goes without
saying that we as Communists re-
gard all the types of unemployment
as a product of the development of
the contradictions in capitalism. We
utilize these contradictions with the
object of sharpening the class strug-
gle.
The Peasant Problem.
Now a few words on the peasant
problem. The critical remarks made
on this question by Comrade Kola-
row, by the Italian, Balkan, South
American, Persian and several other
comrades l think are absolutely jus
titled. But in my turn l can hurl
the reproach at all these comrades
for not having said word about
the agricultural proletariat. AS a
matter of fact this problem is one
of the most serious problems in the
alphabetically developed European
countries.
How does the peasant problem
as a whole stand at the present
time? l think the formulation we
adopted in 1925 still holds good.
With the beginning of partial cap
italist sterilization, work among the
peasantry in the Aighly-developed
West-European countries has become
effectively more difficult for US.
The broad masses of the peasants
not the pauperized peasants Of
the Chinese, Russian or Roumaniar
type, but the middle" and clover
middle" West European type Ger.
many, France, Czechoslovakia, etc.,
became restless when considerable
disturbances took place in the entire
, capitalist system. No analogy cal
/ be drawn between the Chinese peas
ants and the German middle peas
ants. They represent totally differ
! ent social categories, they are quits
, different types of peasants. Lenir
, spoke of this at the second congress
and strongly emphasized this dis
tinction. In times of war and great
disturbances in Western Europe
these sections were also moved. But
under the present conditions Of
sterilization, work among the peas
) ants in the large capitalist coun'
tries will in my opinion be very diff
ficult.
All the more reason therefore
why we must stress the significance
of our work among the agriculture
laborers. In a number of countries
at the present time an offensive on
the agricultural proletariat is OBJ.
served all along the line. At the
same time in number of countries
of a different type, the agrarian
problem is becoming accumulated
the events in the Balkan countries
and particularly in Roumania have
shown us that this problem is as
suming special significance and we
must therefore regard it as the
most important issue for us in these
, countries. The same thing applies
to those colonial countries in which
an immediate revolutionary situation
may be expected in the near future
For instance, the peasant problem
: in China is now an urgent and the
central problem of the revolution!
Special attention must be devoted to
the peasant problem in the South.
American countries. The structure
of the state in almost all South
American countries is of a peculiar
type (big landowners and owners
of latifundia are at the helm). In
some of these countries we FIND
latifundia on which a mixed regime
of capitalist exploitation and feuda
relations exist. We find similar con-
ditions in some colonies with their
plantation systems, where extraor-
binary laws exist, for instance
against the Negroes, etc. The peas
ant problem in Indonesia, India and
South Africa (where the natives are
being divorced from the land) plays
an enormous and even a decisive
role. For our Parties in those coun-
tries the peasant problem is the
chief and principal problem. In Pol
and - I come now to European
countries-this problem is also OF
the utmost Importance.
However, the comrades who spoke
on this question made almost nc
concrete proposals as to what is to
ha dono Of proposals that were