Evening star., 1928-05-03
BACKGROUND OF EVENTS
BY PAUL y. COLLINS.

asked by Mr.. Kellogg could not be
clearer. Germany's standpoint Is that
the American proposal does not con-
flict with the League of Nations cove
nant and the Locarno treaty. the only
two international engagements the re-
public has This Is the main point,
and it must be pointed out that the
unqualified acceptance OF the SuggeS-
tion for a compact is not solely based
on judicial considerations. but also on
principles of practical politics. Ger
many considers that the right of ma
tional defense against treaty partner
breaking the accord Is Self-evident."
What Herr StreSemann refers to in
connection with the League of Nations
and the Locarno treaty is the agree
ment that whenever any nation deAeS
the other nations by going to war. all
the other nations shall boycott the Of
tending one. and shall even unite in
war against 1t. That is a pact for war
rather than for peace, well reminding
of the old declaration. I'VE will have
peace If We have to fight for it
In Great Britain there Is manifested
public impatience at the delay OF the
government in fully adopting the Kel
lOkB pdCt. luis puoIlC uCHtAliA ~ SNCii
voiced by the London Times, which
criticizes Sir Austen Chamberlain's re-
cent speech at Birmingham, in which
the secretary for foreign affairs inti-
mated that 1t was 'inadvisahle to throw
over old friends to gain new ones"
Chamberlain apparently assumed that
since Waterloo France had been closer
to Great Britain than had the Ameri-
can republic after the British burning
OF our White House
The Times protests that that did not
represent the British view" adding 1T
can be assumed. and has already been
shown, that British opinion in this
country and the Dominions is very
strongly In favor OF the general prin-
cipleS of the American proposal.
II. other things being in the way to
settlement. the matter be considered as
between the British Empire and Amer
lea, how do We stand? The opportunity
OF formally and Solemnly renouncing
war as all instrument of policy In deal
ings between the republic and the en-
pire cannot be missed"
u
The outstanding differences between
the BRAND and the Kellogg plans may
be summed up In the statement that
the BRAND offer of April &. 1927. was
limited TO a proposed agreement that
as between France and the United
States war would be wholly renounced
and all disputes should be settled by
pacific means"
The full text of the BRAND offer was
not published until 1928, and Secretary
Kellogg did not reply until December
81. 1923. In that flrst Kellogg reply. he
insisted that such treaty should not
be confined To France and the United
States alone. and that II should COM
pletely outlaw war among all sigma
tories, Mr.. BRAND replied that such q
complete Tenunciation OF war could be
made only between two nations which
had had the long and traditional friend
ship such as had existed between France
and the United States. lie ignored the
fact that our first war. after the end
OF our War OF independence, was with
the French. SO that the century and a
third OF friendship between the French
and America In not SO extraordinary
that 1t cannot be duplicated rs to other
countries.
III the negotiations, MIR. BRAND laid
down three points That not only the
leading powers. but all nations, must
first accept the pact before 1t would be-
come effective, that II one nation then
violated It's obligations OF peace, that
would release all nations SO far AS con-
cerned that particular culprit nation,
aud third that the pact should not de-
priye the signatories OF the right of self
defense.
by consent Of France aud America the
pact was submitted, through the Amerl-
can Ambassadors IN the respective cntni~
tries, on April 49, ip2n. to Great Brit
ain, Germany, Italy and Japan and IN
that submission the French points" AZ
suggested by BRAND we're omitted A
week later, April 20, counter proposal
was submitted to the same nations
from France, including the three points
nt hriand'a reservations Those feser-
patl0ns were not In the original proposal
| fran BRAND when that pact was first
submitted, 10 apply only between the
! United states and France, and Aeere~
tafus fE altaua S4aainAn hksAs4 faaka t1a saFia :.