davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-03-18
PROFESSOR DENIES SCIENTISTS
ARE DISCARDINC DARWINISM
General Evolution Theory Is Gaining, Writes T. III
Morgan of Columbia-Explains Limit to Changes
in Stature of Race Due TO Selection.

The frequent statement by critics Of
the evolutionary hypothesis that Dar-
v'!niSm is dead and that scientists are
rejecting evolution wholesale, is sharply
challenged by Prof. T. II. Morgan OF
Columbia University. one OF the fore
mos; Of living biologists.
Writing in the April issue Of the Yale
Review, Prof Morgan states that this
nsisconception apparently has arisen
from q confusion over the several dis
t1nct meanings that Darwinism has
COME 70 have. In its broad sense. as
meaning evolution in general. the doc
trine is becoming more firmly in
trenehed every year.
: In its more strict sense. as meaning
evolution caused BIZ natural selection
q: work OH small, fiuctuating variations
81 given plant or animal stock. DaT-
w.n!sm has come IN for more or less
criticism from scientists. though even
this Goes not mean that it has been
totally rejected. II merely means that
scientists have recognized certain diff
e3IItles that were not clearly seen In
D&rgfn's oSn day.
Prof Morgan calls attention TO one
o! these. which makes Il difficult 10 &C.
sase one species from another. He
says.
II any particular character such af
size or color. is measured In large
number of individuals Of a race or
species, it Is found 70 vary. Some oi
the individuals viii be smaller or fainter
In color: others. larger or darker: but
the great ma aloFtty win be average or
middle class II the smaller individuals
are destroyed and the larger ones be-
come the parents of the next genera
ton. the resulting population will again
show a vide range u variability bUi
the Ens6dIe class VIII be little taller
Evening star., 1928-03-18
Language Study Aided
BY Jewish Calacombs

Bad spelling on tomhStoneS in the
Jewish catacomhS OF Rome indicates
how the Jews who lived III Rome In
the early Christian centuries pro-
nounced Greek and Latin. according 20
DR.. Harry j. Leon of the University OF
Texas.
Scholars have wondered whether the
Jews who formed settlement in Rene
chung 10 their Hebrew ways or whether
they did as the Romans did. DR.. Leon
explains. Six Roman catacomeS where
the Jewish residents buried their dead
are now known. and study OF the In
ScriptionS on the slabs and the gallery
walls shows that the writing is three
fourthS Greek and one-tourth Latin.
Often words In the Inscriptions are con-
fused with other words Of similar
sound. 81 that they are msSSpelled In
characteristic wavS. Jewish ritualiStic
symbols on the tomhStoneS are Signit-
cant evidence that the epitaphs on the
underground tonlhS were indeed written
BY Jewish people, using foreign IAN
suaseS, nr, Leon points out
The Jewish population In Rome,
which grew 60 about 10000. was no
mere familiar with the Hebrew Ian.
guage than the average Jew OF today
The more cultured among them Spn&e
LATIN as we'll as the popular Greek,
the recent Investigations indicate.
Their inscriptions afford valuable ma.
sefial In tracing the history OF the
Greek and Latin languages In their De.
telopment nom the classical tongues cf
antiquity to the modern Greek and
the romance languages ct our day. rr
Leon states,
Evening star., 1928-03-18

the horses. He could only stop them
by heading straight into a tree-one
horse each side of the tree. He did 1t.
The horses went down. He had to get
them up alone. mend the harness alone.
pile the poles back and bring them
home alone. He did 1t. boy though
he was.
Another time he was taking some
cattle up the valley. The procedure
in the Spring and then drive the cattle
along the grass routes in the ancient
Turanian way. He had TO try out a
ford through rushing water. He rode
into IT, His horse began to drown. He
jumped of his horse and swan back.
The horse drowned. but he saved the
cattle.
Young people today don't often get
chances like those. But Jardine thinks
you can find way, even for the chill
dren of today. He set his own son 10
getting up at 4:30 in the morning TO
sell papers chad he not himself been
up at TO make the fires before he
went out to work with the men In the
fields?). had him sell peanuts and
stockings.
When he found the son ready for
college at Is. he sent him of to Dakota
and put him onto farm where he had
TO fight his way. with no odds In his
favor, among immigrant Russians;
where he had to get out and learn to
harvest and milk as his father had-not
under such stern conditions as his
father had faced. but sufficiently far
from the tender miniStrations OF the
wife OF a cabinet member in WASH
ington.
Jardine looks at llmousines purring
down the bouievardS Of Washington
Evening star., 1928-03-18

Oficial life in Washington, like official
life in any capital, has a way Of stereo-
typing people and their conversation. II
Is very probable that the real Jardine--
the Jardine of COW punching and foot
ball playing and dry farming-persists
to a very much higher degree than red
carpet and gold plate suspect. You will
never get that Jardine out Of his solemn
expert-reviSed articles. not even-en-
tirely-out of his less solemn but al
most equally official social presentations
y
You might. OF course, suspect the real
Jardine from that humorous face OF his
yet. to get that side OF him. you have ia
talk with his old friends--wno (and this
is significant) are still his true friends
Looking backward himself, he does not
dwell on his riding Of the range. as he
did at 20. He does remember--as we
do In middle life--the inner meaning
of youthful episodes. He remembers. as
we do in middle life, the object lessons
Of early experiences. and keeps the
philosophy and the moral values OF
them
He remembers the time when he went
up In the mountains cutting poles. He
was good pole cutter. SO when he was
l6 he went alone, with an old wagon
top for 4 tent and stayed up there on
the mountain, still alone. cutting poles
and cutting roads to them. for two
weeks In the Icy weather. Finally he
piled a load of the poles on his wagon
and started for home. 3 miles away.
straight down the mountainside Sud-
denly the poles loosened, slipped down.
prodded the horses behind and they lit
out down that slippery slant. Would
you have known what TO do?
Young Bill knew. No use to try to
rein them In. Every leap slip and
every slip a new prod OF the pole into
Evening star., 1928-03-18
Gestures Are Called Origin of Speech
After Study by British investigator

A theory ~ account for the way in
which language Was invented by prinni-
tive man has been advanced by Sir
Richard Psget. British scientist. who
Is experimenting iD speech production
fsI Richard has manufactured a mum
ber of words IN the way that hs believes
words must have originated anc these
have been compared bY DF keyiI.e
WhymaDt with W0fcS of similar mean
lng seI0nglDg " early Poiyneaiaa
Eelanesian and Japagese speech. Ae
sls les if1 4 report W Nature
The nle4h1d of formation" he be-.
lasyeg. 'wss 70 initiate with the tongue
q klafgtgnain7!c gesture, such as might
sahg have been made by hand. and W
DnonsLe Or grunt while making the
Longlle gesture
Thus iG--w1ich IL que " the sudden
lowering 81 the tongue from c0ntart
aith the paiate~~has the meaning 10
b. io8'
II is Cue " q complete closure fano
geleasel II the hack II the tongue
against the soft paiatF.
"hctusiiy LAX means ~ bend ~ de
Fssess the f0Tclble closure mDafBHg
tae ldea ~ stress.
gyt of ~ MoFos saDflcated II %eTe
found ~ be ri9Se phonetic cYuUtefpaFts
a. words ia the languages III the IS
jeu6erg He sIso has irljnd that 5ll
rlxik ~ Arysn sbock from which ihe
leading Language of Europe snd fDdis
originated show signs u DsnDt1imh
origin. ..... ,.,,
Sir EirAsFd Psget cDnciaides' ~
would appear therefore. inst hnmhL
sueech began by the performance %
seageneek 0f simple psnbonib1ie gfb'8D|h
of TIC tongue. lips. sHs c]i'I's' 'SD''
Evening star., 1928-03-18

than was that class in the parental pop
ulation. Suppose again in the next
generation, the smaller individuals are
destroyed and only the larger ones left
70 breed. The same result follows, and
the average may again be somewhat
larger.
Experience has shown. in fact, that
the average population may In most
cases be changed by eliminating con-
sistently certain kinds Of individuals
. through a few generations But then
the process slows down rather quickly
and soon comes TO an end. Further
selection fails to produce further change
The upshot has been not TO produce a
new race In which all the individuals
are taller than the talleSt OF the original
! race, but only a race in which the
average individual has become taller.
The tailest may be no taller than be-
fore. This fact was not known 10
Darwin, or at least, II vaguely known,
1t was not given due weight"
Prof Morgan Is inclined to believe
that the force which gets new species
past the limits OF the old is 10 BE-
sought IN the phenomenon OF mutation,
/ in which sudden and relatively large
changes occur. When such changes are
hereditary. as they frequently are, they
provide material on which the process
Of natural selection can work In the
manner postulated by Darwin.
Students Of evolution, Prof. Morgan
thinks, have concentrated too much
attention on the survival value" OF
visible body structure, such as claws
and teeth, at the expense Of less
tangible but perhaps more important
things such as inherited ability 10 with
stand cold or drought, or 10 run or fiy
fast. which arc Of obvious importance
IN the struggle for survival
Evening star., 1928-03-18
u. S. TO INVITE SIS NATIONS
TO JUBILEE OF AIRPLANE
First Flight by Wrights to Be Marked
Also by Exposition in December
at Chicago.

! they wish to reach. They will particu-
| larly be invited to fly to the Chicago
/ Exposition and to make intervening
stops at places like Buffalo, Detroit.
points in Canada, Cleveland and Day
ton. At Dayton. the home of Orville
Wright. ii is planned to hold a feStiv-
, ity or ceremony which will be Of Pc
culiarly personal character and by way
of a tribute of honor to the surviving
brother Of the famous pair Of air pio-
neerS.
Those foreign guests who care to re-
main over will be urged TO take part in
the anniversary proper on its formal
date-Dccember l7-at Kitty Hawk.
There. along Barrier Beach," near
Elizabeth City. N. c.. where Wilbur
and Orville made history on the South
Atlantic sand dunes on bleak Winter
morning in 1908, their epochal triumph
will be marked by a program in which
commemorative addresses probably will
be the outstanding feature. President
Coolidge may be the orator Of the oc-
casion. Orvllle Wright. of course. will
be on hand. He is not given to speech
making. but is certain TO be invited to
deliver memorial address, II he can be
prevailed upon to do so.
Noted Delegates May Come.
The United States is leaving it to
foreign governments to designate the
type of 0ignitaries they prefer to send
here for the Wright silver jubilee. 1t
is hoped at Washington that they will
delegate government aviation officials.
industrial leaders and famed flying
men. Uncle Sam. it goes without say
ing. Will assemble as a committee OF
entertainment" the faSt-growing group
of air celebrities which this country
boasts. Lindbergh, Byrd, Chamberlin,
Levine. Maitland, Hegenberger. Schlee,
Brock, the American Army flyers who
circled the globe, the Navy aviators who
have added to the country'S air luSter,
and other luminarieS of Yankee flying
genius, will extend the hand of welcome
TO foreign guests. 1t is confidently
hoped that the Wright jubilee will
bring together on our soil the most
dazzling galaxy Of aviation stars" OF
all branches of the art yet assembled.
William P. MacCracken, jr.. AS
siStant Secretary OF Commerce for
Aeronautics. is in active charge Of the
preliminary arrangements for the
Wright celebration. He will have pres
emily the lively cooperation of F.. Tru-
bee Dawson. Assistant Secretary OF
War. in charge of aviation, and OF Ed
ward P Warner, Assistant Secretary OF
the Navy for AeronauticS. The Post
Office Department will have a big hand
in arranging for the jubilee. too. Uncle
Sam will not have much to exhibit TO
Europe that will open her eyes in the
realm Of passenger air travel, but POST
master General New has Lindbergh's
authority for the contention that the
United States is miles ahead OF the
Old World in the development Of the
air mail service.
iTnnrrtrhf TnoE
Evening star., 1928-03-18
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Rejection by the United States Sem
ate Of the name of John j. ESch who
was renominated by President Coolidge
for membership on the Interstate Com
merce Commission, raises the biggest
issue with respect 10 the judiciary since
the famous proposal to recall judicial
decisions.
The Interstate Commerce Commits
sion is partly an administrative body
and partly judicial. MIR. Esch was pun
!shed admittedly by the Senate because
he changed his vote on judicial ques-
ton before the Interstate Commerce
Commission.
The Senate has asserted the right 10
reject for confirmation anybody whose
views do not concur with the Senateb
Interpretation Of the law. President
Coolidge has insisted on his right TO
question prospective appointees TO IN
dependent establishments as TO their
views, and 10 make his appointments
accordingly. Nov the Senate In effect
says that II the President has that
right In advance OF an appointment so
has the Senate, and that when MT
Esch Is nominated for q new term, ~
is lust the same as II he were a ne"
member Of the commission and an ex-
animation we're made as 10 MS pre-
violIs views on either a State commlS"
sIon or In public utterances'
New Phase Of Situation.
This right 10 pass Judgment on q
candidate for Federal position IN Ad-
vance AZ confirmation has never been
prominently questioned. but the flghl
10 eject "A nomination as a punishment
for an action taken In something new.
H. Is not confined 10 The Interstate
Commerce Commission. The Senate u
holding up the confirmation OF Inc
members of the Radio Commission on
the same general principle ana mere
has been similar controversy over me M
bcrh ~ The Shipping Board.
The view prevalent In Congress H.
! that all these independent establish
| ment@ are really creatures OF Congress
| and that IN delegating the Tatemaklng
| power with respect 10 transportation
| the Congress is really deiegating some
Of It's powers under the commerce
clause 0f the Constitution. something
| II can revoke at will BY exercise OF
| the power III refusing confirmation.
| members of the senate say, they apply
check against wrongful use OF the
ratemaking power.
Argument Over Tenure.
| 10 the argument that Congress
| meant to make The Interstate Com
merce Commission judicial body
! members Of the Senate answer that II
! that had been The intention ihr law
/ would have provided a lifd tenute as
! In the case Oi Federal lu0ges, The MS
| Ing 0f definite tenure Is considered ii
| sort ot right ~ review.
/ A. Ia The members ~ the bar, many
u them have looked upon the Inter
state Commerce Commission aud the
BOARD ~ TsA Appeals and other quasi
| judicial bodies as part Of the Judicial
system af the country, 10 reject MI
EsGh is, IN the opinion of many lawyers.
| 10 serpe notice that the wishes ~ f"nv
Ersss goth as " geographical sections
Evening star., 1928-03-18
SENATE SEEN USING NEW POWER
IN REJECTING ESCH FOR |. C.. G..
Punishment Of Official for Action Taken Said TO Be
Precedent in Exercising Confirmation Right
of Upper House.

and as to politics must be considered as
we'll as the merits OF case In making a
decision. In other words. the Senate
can by following the practice In the
Esch case make Itself reviewing body
on the judicial decisions OF independent
commissions.
There Is much less politics In the
Esch case than sectional pressure and
resentment as the change OF vote by
Mr.. Esch affected adversely the interests
OF coal operators In West Virginia. Viz
ginia and Kentucky and aided those In
Pennsylvania and Ohio. Members Of
the Senate were advised that the vote
was taken conscientiously. but the dis
agreement was not personal, but largely
on the Interpretation OF law. belief
that Mr.. Esch failed to follow the wishes
OF Congress. And the impression Is
general now that as the term Of each
member of the commission expires, the
question OF denomination will turn not
so much on the view OF the President.
but the opinion OF the Senate.
Evening star., 1928-03-18
PnenmOnia Death Rate
Seen Highest i'm March

March has the highest pneumonia
death rate cg any month In the wear,
frequently more than cne-Seyenth Nf
the annual pneumonia mortality cc-
ours In this single month, according 70
statistics Of the Metropolitan Life IN.
Suranee Co
Scientists have not been able 70
taSten the large number o1 pneumonia
deaths ON any single cause, such e
latitude, altitude. extreme cold or NeNl
htgh or low humidity. age dtStribuSeA
OF Tire population, oT Nccapaticn. A
ceneinatton 1T factors Is felt ~ DC te.
Speas,ele fof the high p'Aytalitv q
shtS alSeASs.
4 cald climate where the average
humidity Is not high appears 10 operate
IN favor N low mortality, a condition
illustrated nv the very how paeusMcnia
rate Tor the WESTERN provinces oE
Canada ogegon and Washington, alan.
have fewer nneumentA deaths than
average, while Penn>ylyania. New xoEk
and New Jersey, IN appFeN iaaasely the
same latitude, consistently rN&lAteF
SnMs Of che highest rates 1T al shs
StateA
Evening star., 1928-03-18
DAILY CHANGES In ROTATION
OF EARTH NOTED BY SCIENTIST
DIR. BENJAMIN Boss Believes Phenomenon of Earth
quakes Is Related TO Oddities Of
COsmic Movement.

Every day the earth changes little
In Its rate OF rotation.
This Is the opinion of DR.. Benjamin
Boss. director OF the Dudley Observa-
tory at Albany. N. Y. and director OF
the department OF meridian astrometry
OF the Carnegie Institution OF this city.
Furthermore. this variation appears to
be related to the frequency OF earth
quakes. and so further investigation OF
IL might aid In the study OF Quakes.
DR.. Boss has found evidence for this
apparent variation In long study OF
star positions. At the Dudley OBJ
servatory an exhaustive catalogue OF star
places Is In preparation. and In the
work OH this 1t has been found that
considerable correction. which varies
annually Is needed for the right as
cension OF the stars. The right ascen-
sion Is the celestial equivalent OF iongi-
tude. AS telescope permanently
placed on the earth would point TO
different right ascensions In the sky as
Evening star., 1928-03-18

newspapers carried caustic sdi.
toriaIs: the telephone rane
anor,Iy; men walked through tire
office with large packages OF
mail. But Jossphus seemed as
merry as a lark.
"Vou don't appear very worried
by what they are saying about
you" ! vsntursd.
"oh, no." no laughed. "ons Of
my men upstairs - opening the
mail and sorting the iettsra into
two p,les--those that praise me
and those that abuse me. SO Tar,
the two n'tes are running neck
and neck"
Every man who holds q posi-
ton OF responsibility expects
criticism. II 10 = part ot the
discipline. Said Gladstone 10
John Morleyi
"Taks II trom me, that to en-
dura tramplino on with patiencs
and ssIf.oontrol 10 no bad sle.
msnt In the preparation OF q
man for walking firmly and sue-
eessfuliy IN the path Of great
public duty"
II you are doing work that
seems to YOU important, waste
no TINS in winning Vsrhal vie.
tories or answering petty orit,
eism, ADOPT the motto az the
great EngIiahmani Never ss,
plain, nsVsr rstraet, never apale,
uiSe, Get II done and let them
howl"
Let the little felix's Amuss
Themselves by shooting back the
hot onss.
Evening star., 1928-03-18

the earth turns. any change in the rate
OF the earth's rotation would affect the
right ascension OF the stars.
Variations In Time.
For some time. says DR. Boss, II has
been known that the sun. the moon.
and the planets Venus and Mercury
undergo changes indicating the vari-
able rotation OF the earth over long
periods OF years.
The annual change In the star posi-
tions. says DR.. Boss. can be explained
by daily variation In the rate OF rota-
ton Of the earth. Possible evidence In
favor Of such variation is suggested
when checking clock time with the
stars. for II has been found that there
Is daily variation In the clock rate.
which indicates that the earth may
change daily In the rate of its rotation.
That the changes in the moon and
stars are both due to the same cause
Is Indicated by the fact that when the
minor fluctuations In the moons path,
and the variation In star positions, are
plotted over a long period OF years. the
curves are closely similar s>sout 1860
both curves reached minimum, while
about 1900 they we're both high
mark Since that they have been go-
ing down. until 1920. when the moon
fiuctuation reached n minimum For
the last 10 years the figures for the
star variations have not been COM
pleted, but they also seem 10 have
reached minimum about the same
time, Dr, boss believes that this indi-
Gates very strongly that the two varia .
tions are due To the same cause.
What this cause may be Is not cer-
tain. but DR.. BOSS thinks that II Is very
likely To be the result of tides In the
earth This view Is supported by the
fact that Dr, A. A, Nicholson Of the
University Of Chicago has actually oh
tanned experimental evidence OF earth
tides
Tidal Friction.
Ocean tides are not sufficient to ae~
count for the observed phenomena, but
II the outer crust OF the earth Is In a
condition such an recent Investigation
sunpoSes II to he. tidal friction might
appfeoiably affect the rate at which the
earth turns.
According To Dr. Boss, the tide might
produce the long period changes by the
fact that the crust of the earth lifted
at high tide. fails To settle back 10 It's
original position, Thus the earth's
diameter Is gradually increased, slow
inR It's rotation, When \ critical point
Is reached, 1t gradually starts to settle.
speeding up rotation,
Evening star., 1928-03-18
A Hot One
BY BRUCE BARTON.

A LITTLE MAN, swelisd up
" with a pleasant sense Of
Il seIf'importanes, stopped
me At the corner and in.
sisted on telling his story.
He said that the general man
aosr OF the corporation which
employs him had sent . latter OF
instructions through the office,
and that there was something
wrong about II. Just what was
wrong cauId not quite make
out, but IL provided the little
man with an opportunity.
Believe me-" "a boasted, ok
panding his chest, II shot him
back a hot one"
Giving himAsif a pat on ths
back, he proceeded up the street,
looking for another sympathetic
listener.
u was amusing TO watch him
on his triumphal way and 10
wonder how much human ensruy
10 consumed each "a hours in
tho private game OF shooting
back a hot one. How many
seathing letters are composed
IN mems minds how many
imaginary conversations are
carefully worked out 10 de-
vastat,n0 ct,manI how much
verbal shadow boxing goes on 10
the endless tuns OF ~ says to
him, 'Look here, ! says~~-r--''
Ons day during the war
dropped into The office OF Jsr
ssnhus Danlsls, wha had lust
iasusd his ealsbrstsd order max.
ing the Navy hone dry. The