davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
Gardening in Washington

AND IT'S ENVIRONS

izers such as ammonium sulphate to
increase the acidity. Examination of
the sod showed that lime encouraged
undesirable species of grass and weeds.
Many of our beautiful ornamentals,
the rhododendron, the laurel and the
various heaths, are injured by lime, so
it does not do to apply it to the shrub
berry without thought. Perhaps it is
only in the vegetable and annual
flower gardens that lime may be freely
used. Not all vegetables are benefited,
but none is injured.
Lime should be put on the soil at
this season of the year, and then by
Spring any active properties will be dis
sipated Ground limestone may be used
at any time, because it is simply ground
stone. Late Fall is, however. the ideal
time to put lime on the garden because
with Winter SHOWS and rains 1t will be-
come we'll mixed with the surface soil.
Hydrated lime, the form usually bought
by gardeners, can be very safely used
If applied in late Autumn. Instead Of
lining the lawn, try fertilizing with am
monium sulphate, pound to $50 square
feet, or cotton seed meal, l pound to
so square feet.
Lime has beneficial influence on the
condition of the soil, tending to break
down the stiff texture of clay, but it is
doubtful if its use would be justified for
this purpose alone. Turned under cover
crops, manure or rotted leaf mold are
much more effective in promoting good
cultural conditions in the soil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
LEAVES FOR
FERTILIZER.

Gardeners hear and read a good deal
nowadays about manure made from
straw and chemicals. That this process
is entirely practical now seems to be
established beyond doubt. Many of the
garden papers carry advertisements of
proprietary chemical compounds to be
used in straw decomposition. Straw is
not always readily available to the
city gardener, but at this season almost
every one is free to draw on an almost
Pnexhaustible supply of leaves. In fact,
the destruction of leaves is a big task
in some of the wooded suburbs Burning
of leaves is really very wasteful oper-
alton. Some figures published year or
two ago in the official journal of the
Pennsylvania department of forestry
indicated that a ton of oak leaves con-
tains tertil1Zing material equal to $3.50
of commercial goods. Beyond their
actual value as fertilizer, leaves contain
something that commercial fertilizer
does not, namely, humus, rotting vege-
table matter needed to keep the soil in
good condition for gardens One has
but to think of the wonderful soil in un-
burned forests to realize the possibili-
ties in leaf utilization.
There are several ways of handling
leaves. They may be buried in pits
and allowed to lie for two seasons,
when they will become thoroughly
rotted. Leaves may be placed in the
poultry yard in considerable bulk and
the poultry will in the course of
few months break them up into small
fragments which rot easily into black
mold. A third method, that employed
by DR.. David Griffiths of the Takoma
Horticultural Club, is even more sys-
tematic. The leaveS-oak, maple, apple
or whatsoever they may be-are SIM
ply gathered into large piles adding
about one pound of ammonium sui
phate per 20 pounds of dry leaves and
at the same time a few handfuls of
raw ground limestone. There is no
need Of weighing the leaves, as the
quantities need not be exact A little
poultry manure or other animal refuse
win help hasten decomposition. The
nose Is employed during the operation
so as to wet the mass. Once or twice
during the Winter the pile should be
worked over to mix in the outer leaves.
A few forkfuls of soil scattered over
the pile will keep it intact.
We trust we may be pardoned for
again citing DR.. Griffiths' process. 1t
has been very successful with him. A
decidedly stubborn clay Subsoil which
was used to level his property has been
gradually converted into a fertile
garden soil at minimum of expense.
Those gardeners who appreciate the
need of maintaining fertility will be
glad to learn of this practical means
of attaining this end. There are
plenty of leaves to be experimental
with and almost every one, gardeners
and non-gardeners alike, would be glad
to be relieved of the smoke nuisance
from burning leaves.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
ROSE PLANTING.

Everybody loves roses and everybody
ees to have them growing in the gar
Hen. This is the best time of year to
plant roses. At the meeting of the
american Rose Society held at Kennett
Square, Pa, September 81, vote taken
on the comparative value of Fall and
Spring planting resulted in Fall plant
ing winning two to one. j. H. Nicholas,
well known rose specialist with the Co.
nard-Pyle Co., West Grove, Pa, states
that the period from mid-October until
the ground freezes is the ideal planting
season for roses. One is almost GER
tain to obtain more and better roses
next Spring and Summer by planting
st this season. Roots grow until the
ground freezes down to their depth,
and in certain mild Winters such severe
freezing may not occur at all in this
locality. When Spring does come the
Fall-planted roses are equipped with
feeding roots to supply the bursting
buds with essential water and food. The
$oil is generally in better planting con-
rttion in late Fall than in early Spring,
when it is often wet and sticky. 1t is
true that garden ambition is stronger
in the Spring. but when the welfare of
tl1e rose planting is at stake the gar
nener can Ill afford to delay.
Newly planted roses should be cut
pack severely and banked with soil or
bld manure or both. The soil should
be allowed to stand in the Spring until
Ill danger Of freezing is past.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
THE GARDEN CLUBS.

Inc Takoma Park Horticultural Climb
oanlla show presented on October IN
ana II was very attractive due in a
large measure to the fine monsoon.
petitive entries Of Mrs. @. Maurice
Moi1e OF Linden, Md, and Or, e. w,
StieetS OF 1881 Lamont street northwest.
Wlnn 1. Summons Of 518 Aspen street
again LED the way In the amateur
classes with a splendid vase of Emma
Marie. Mr.. Simmons Is a Consistent
winner IN all the Takoma Club shows
whether 1t be flowers or vegetables and
unlike some growers does not win with
rare expensive varieties but sitnnlv bv
growing ordinary varieties a little bet
ter than any one else.
The Rockville Community Garden
Cub, according to Miss Laura Ann
Wadsworth, president, continued its
program with an interesting meeting
on october IL at the home of Mrs
George Hane, Alta Vista, Md. The at
tendance was unusually satisfactory.
with nearly fifty members and guests
present. DR.. E. w. Sheets of the United
States Department of Agriculture gave
a very interesting and instructive talk
on the Dahlia. Mrs Nettie Craig
1ucKerton gave selection of lovely
songs. Miss Annie Wilson discussed
art and color and Miss Esther Holmes
of Takoma Park gave a very interesting
recitation. Guests from several of the
other garden clubs of this region told
OF their various plans and activities.
Miss Laura Ann Wadsworth. as secre-
tary Of the National Capital Federation
OF Garden Clubs, announces that the
next meeting Of the federation will be
held on November S at the Sherwood
Presbyterian Church Hall, Woodbridge,
in connection with the regular meeting
OF the Woodbridge Garden Club. Presi-
dent Haskell Of the Woodbridge club is
vice president of the federation.
The National Capital Dahlia and
Iris Society, James M. r. Adams presi-
dent, held its regular monthly meeting
Wednesday evening, October II, at the
Carlton Hotel The meeting was de-
voted largely to clearing up the bust
ness ends OF the recent dahlia show.
A nominating committee was appointed
to propose the name of officers for the
coming year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
FALLS OIL DEALS
PROBED BY WEST
Sargent's Ruling on Salt
Creek Contract Leads
to Investigation.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Investigation into all contracts nego-
tiated by former secretary of the In
terror Albert B. Fall for the sale of
royalty oil from Government lands is
under way at the Interior Department
upon the orders of Secretary West.
The inquiry was initiated yesterday
as the result of Attorney General Sar-
gents ruling Tuesday that the FIVE
year Salt Creek royalty oil contract
awarded the Sinclair Crude Oil Pur-
chasing Co. by Fall in 1922 and the
f1ve-year renewal in February by for
mer Secretary Hubert Work we're in
valid because Of secret renewal option
clause.
First Assistant Secretary Edward c.
Finney and E. 0. Patterson, solicitor of
the department, are conducting the
search of the departments records to
assemble all the contracts granted by
Fall Mr. Finney said that the inquiry
would require at least week as it is
not known how many royalty leases
we're negotiated by the former secre-
tary.
One contract awarded by Fall in 1922
to the Lewistown Oil 81 Refining Co.
of Detroit, Mich, for the purchase of
royalty oil for five years. from the Cat
Creek field in Montana, has been found
in the records. This contract, accord
ing to department officials. was renewed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
ALLENBY TO COME HERE.
British Field Marshal to Honor
Unknown Soldier.

OAhuOWA 6O1u1cIs
Field Marshal Viscount Allenby of
Great Britain, who attended the Amer
lean Legion convention at San Antonio,
will place wreath on the Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier october 81 during a
visit to Fort Myer, Va.
The War Department also was noti-
fed that Viscount Allenby will visit the
Military Academy at West Point next
Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20

President Nicholas Murray Butler has
announced the redistribution at Colum-
bia Of the Deutsches Haus, center of
German culture.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
GARDEN ITEMS.

This is an excellent time Of year to
divide clumps Of many of the hardy
perennials such as phloX, oriental poppy
and bleeding heart. In fact, this is
good time to remake the perennial Dor
der which has become badly crowded.
If the plants are removed, separated
into strong divisions and replanted after
the ground has been thoroughly spaded
and fertilized with sheep manure, bone
meal or commercial fertilizer, the per-
ennial border will again become place
Of real beauty. A badly crowded border
is, on the other hand, decidedly lacking
in attractiveness.
AS freezing weather approaches one
cannot help but marvel at the differ
ence in the response of various plants
to frost. The cabbage, standing beside
the tomato, lives on while the tomato
is killed Both have had an equal OPP
portunity to harden in the cool nights
of Autumn, but the tomato is unable to
take advantage. Through centuries of
living in cool climates the cabbage has
developed tissue which is able to revive
after freezing, while the tomato, a sub
tropical plant, has had no such training
Yet to the outward glance there is no
essential difference. 1t is fortunate for
the gardener that we have the semi
hardy plants for the cold weather.
Otherwise the garden would end alb
ruptly with the first killing frost.
Most varieties of fruit have rather
narrow adaptability to location. The
Grimes apple, for example, grows best
in the latitude of Virginia and Mary
land, the Baldwin apple in the latitude
OF New York and Michigan. The De-
licious apple, the Concord grape and
the Premier strawberry are, on the
other hand, examples of widely adapt
able fruits. All three do well in this
locality and all three are good varieties
for the home garden. Just what con-
Stitutes adaptability in varieties Is
question that will likely go without an
swering. A Cornell University profess
sor writing in one of the rural papers,
tells of an unusual crop of potato
fruits this year. BY fruits he means
the small tomato-like balls which de-
velop from the flowers. Every few
years there occurs favorable season
for potato flowers and with it an I'M
usual number of these balls. They
occur so infrequently that to many gar
denerS they appear as a decided curl
oSity. The seeds contained in the balls
resemble small pepper or tomato seed,
and if any one desires to grow them
they should be handled in much the
same way.
Do not be in hurry to dig Gamma
and dahlia plants for storage, as the
substance of the stems is now being
returned to the roots. light frost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
will do no harm and simply aids in
Fastening the maturing process.


Fastening the maturing process.
Thinning the fruit of trees is often
advised as a means of increasing the
size of the remaining fruits. Canadian
investigators found that the trees which
had been thinned were more vigorous
and suffered less Winter injury and the
succeeding Spring came back with
abundant bloom The Burbank plum.
which has tendency to overbear, was
greatly benefited by fruit thinning.
Cardboard boxes such as glass fruit
jars are marketed in are excellent re-
ceptacles for storing gladiolus bulbs
during Winter. The compartments
may be used to keep the varieties sepa-
rated. A moderately cool, dry cellar
is good place in which to keep gladi-
olus bulbs. The little bullets or bulbils
usually need covering with sand or soil
to keep them from drying out. Peat
moss Is very useful material for Gov.
ering gladiolus bullets, dahlias and
other tubers which must be kept in
dry. warm cellars.
Jongleur is the name of one of the
fine new hybrid cactus type dahlias
Its mauve color Is novel even in this
lmarvelously varied family. The large
blooms are strongly supported by stout
erect stems. "ON'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
THE USE OF LIME.

Although lime in it's various forms
ground limestone, hydrated and slaked
lime-is for the most part beneficial
to local soils, people are learning that
1t is not cure-for-all that can be
used Unfortunately. But few years
ago lime was strongly advocated for
the lawn. Now this recommendation
Is reversed and 1t is advised not only
to withhold lime, but to apply fertil-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
HOLDS MAN "FRAMED."
Judge Dismisses Charge Against
Prisoner, Badly Beaten.

Apparently believing the defendant
had been the victim of "frame-up."
Judge John P. Mcmahon dismissed a
charge of carrying a deadly weapon
against Clarence Hunter, colored, 800
block of Missouri avenue. Two colored
girls and colored man testified that
Hunter had threatened to shoot them
with a revolver in a quarrel over sorna
food, while colored man claimed to
nave taken revolver away from him
Hunter declared he was assaulted by
group OF men while on his way to a
friends house in Armory court. who
told him they were going to beat him
up and then have him arrested for
carrying a gun. Police said he bore
evidence of having been badly beaten
and was being held by group Of men
when arrested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
Lillian Zaugg Willed Estate.

Lillian May Zaugg, 3100 Connecticut
avenue, is named as sole beneficiary of
the estate of her friend, Ralf Weston,
who died October Is. The will was ex-
ecuted February 7, 1924, and names her
as executrix. The value of the estate is
not disclosed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
Suit Case Stolen.

Susie Moreland, 619 Carroll avenue.
Takoma Park. Md. was robbed of a
suit case containing wearing apparel
valued at $75 last night The suit case
ives stolen from the waiting room in
Union Station
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20

under an option clause for an addi-
tional five years in March of this wear
by the former Secretary Work. Mr.. Fin
ney indicated that while this contract
was being studied no specific action has
been decided upOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-20
E. B. HAWKS BODY FOUND
WITH ONE LEG SEVERED
Railway Brakeman Killed by Acct
dent Near Bridge While Rid
ing on Freight Train.

One leg severed and his head severely
injured, the dead body Of Elias B. Hawk
IS years old, a Baltimore 81 Ohio freight
brakeman, who lived at Weverton, Md
was found alongside the railroad tracks
last night about 80 feet east of the
bridge over the railroad tracks at
Queen Chapel rcac.
George w. Wendell, 2701 Hamlin
street northeast, made the CHASTITY find
reported the finding to the police and
the body was removed to the morgue.
Hawk was a member Of Conductor
Blackburn's crew on freight train that
left here last night at 8:25 o'clock for
Philadelphia.
1t is believed the brakeman was rid
ing on the top Of car and was thrown
to the tracks as a result of his head
coming in contact with the bridge.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1928-11-16

receiving huge Scandinavian republican vote In the
primaries.
The Company made the fight of its life. The Scan
dinavan vote was appealed to and cultivated. Cltl-
zens of Scandinavian the week prior to election
got letters and literature every day in behalf OF Gov
Erckson-some of the best personal appeal campaign
literature ever put out in a campaign was used
What happened?
Practically every county where the Scandinavian vote
is heavy was carried by Erickson, was also the
counties where it is relatively light, it being the bal
of power.
Gov. Erickson, democratic candidate for governor,
was elected by 10000 majority, when the state was
carried for Hoover republican candidate for president
by 10000 majority.
Sen Wheeler, who devoted considerable of his time
talking for Erickson defeated Joe Dixon the Repub
lican, by $4,000 majority.
How shrewd old Tin Plate Bill Brennan wasl
He knew that nationality counted in the balance in
hard campaign-he knew what he doing when
he picked Judge Erickson for Kelly and Ryan-were
ne conscious he smiles in his grave this old Irishman
However, the vote in Sheridan county was not so
stampeded by the nationality appeal Gov. Erickson
only carried this county by twenty-One, while Dixon
carried it by five or six hundred.
But Erickson carried it, and also Daniels, and Val
ley Roosevelt, and Richland we'll as all of the
ties along the high line
1924 and % witnessed the first time that the
tonalty appeal resorted to in Montana, but
it works here it works in Minnesota and North Da
kota. The who thinks that nationality is not a
factor in Montana, now, is not realist.
1t is too bad that the Republicans have not an out
standing Scandinavian to challenge the election of Sen
Walsh in 1890.
Let US hope that such man appears.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1928-11-16
Economic Articles
By Leland Olds Federated Press
Speedup Pushes Rail Traffic
Costs Down

The extraordinary reductions in the
costs of handling traffic, made by the
railroads since 1921, feature the re-
port on unit costs of railroad service
by chief statstician M. o. Lorenz of
the interstate commerce commission.
Railroad workers have paid for these
reductions in operating expenses by
wage cuts, particularly the lower-paid
employees, and in wholesale layoffs.
Coal miners have shared the burden,
having been forced by the railroad
coal combine to accept lower wages.
Including all railroad traffic, Lo-
REM shows that operating expenses
per train-mile increased from $1.945
in the years ended June 30, 1917 to
peak of $4.917 in 1920, an increase
of 1880. From that point expenses
declined steadily to $1,000 per train
mile in 1925. In the last 2 years they
increased slightly to 1896 in 1927.
The 1927 figure is 1O3.6% over the
prewar average but is down about
20%o below 1920.
The greatest savings for railroad
owners since 1920, however, have
come from the increase in cars pei
train as well as in loading the cars
These savings are reflected in Lo-
renz's figures showing expenses pei
car-mile and per net ton-mile.
The cost of operating the railroads
per 100 car-miles, he shows, increas
ed from an average of $9.063 in the
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1928-11-16
MAY BE HONEST-BUT

The Plentywood Herald has just pulled off one of
those automobile contests a circulation builder
The thing seems to be ending in lot of dssatisfac
-tion and suspicion these contests usually do.
Last week the Herald in trying to square itself with
Rev. Dordah who had taken the published rules of the
game seriously and had worked hard under the rules
insinuated that the Producers News for "petty bust
jealousy" had "butted in" on the Herald "shell
game"
Of course, the nsnuatons, are just as reliable as
the nsnuations published in the Herald a week or SO
before election, that that paper had letter. written
in pen and ink in the editor of the Producers News
own handwriting to the effect that he could elk
things with the United States District Attorney
1t is just barefaced lie
The Producers News nor its Editor has in no wav
mixed in on the Heralds game. We are not and have
not been actuated by any petty business jealousy at
all, tho the Herald hardly say as much-we never
shipped printing out of Pentywood that could lust
as well have been done here, and the Herald cannot
say that
Of course it does too bad, that conscientious
man like Rev. Dordah should have been imposed upon
the way he seems to have been. The Producers News
may be pretty tough outfit to the mind of the Her
aid but we have had to resort to such tactics
to build circulation.
1t is none of our business what the Herald does to pet
readers-but wonder if this trade card snide was
advertised as part of the rules of the contest when
1t started and wonder if this angle of the inside
Oh automobile contests was carefully explained to all
the candidates
And we inquire whether this sort of contest stuff
aces not come near to "using the mails to defraud?"
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1928-11-16
REPUDIATED

The "Taylor gang" repudated, says the headline in
the Daniels County Leader, the paper published at
Scobey by that subject of King George.
Burley Bowler, who in some way or other is able
to avoid the deportation laws who tries to tell Ameri
cans what to do, Republican paper, the only
paper in Daniels county But Gov Erickson Demo-
crat defeated Rankin Republican in that county: Sen
Wheeler Democrat, defeated Joe Dixon, Republican in
Daniels county: and Sparkling, Democrat, defeated
Greenup, Republican, for the Senate and Chapman.
Democrat defeated Case, the Republican, for rep
resentative and couple of other Democrats defeated
Republicans for office in Daniels county-and if the
alien editor of the Leader had had couple weeks
more to he doubt would have lost the county to
Al Smith and the rest of the democrats.
We wonder whether there were any reputation of
the foreign influence of the Daniels County Leader
over in our neighboring county.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1928-11-16

3 years ended June 30, 1917, to a peak
of $21.888 in 1920, an increase of
,141.59o. Since 1920 the cost of OPP
Grafton per 100 car-miles has fallen
to $14.533 in 1927. The latest figure
is only 60.49o above prewar, a reduc-
ton of 1850 since 1920.
Railroad operating expenses meas
ured on 1000-ton-mile basis increas-
ed from $5.133 in the prewar years
to $10.693 in 1921, figure 1859
over prewar. From the 1921 peak
railroad costs per 100 ton-miles of
freight declined to $8.023 in 1926 and
then rose slightly to $8.103 in 1927.
Lorenz also analyses the changes
in net railway operating income per
traffic unit which he terms the in
vestor's share. He shows that this
investors share per 1000 net tom
miles decreased from $1.901 in the
prewar years to $1.601 in 1921 and
then increased to $2.506 in 1926. The
1927 figure was $2.422, representing
gain of about 51% in the last G
years. 1t is, however, only 27496 ov-
er the prewar test period.
Lorenz throughout includes equip
ment and joint facility rents in the
expense figure. This may be tech
nically correct but the rental figures
represent just a new way, through
equipment trusts etc. of giving the
banker-owners secure share in rail
| road earnings.