davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
by q. GOULD LINCOLN.

~ IN months IN advance Of the nominating
conventions of the major political par
ties. tho outstanding candidates for the
- presidential nominations are Gov. Alreo
r. Smith. Democrat, and Herbert Hoover. sec
rotary Of Commerce, Republican. Yet neithef
Is an avowed candidate for the presidency.
The New York governor continues TO aueno
strictly to his job OF governing the Empire
State. Mr.. Hoover Is giving his full atten'io"
to the work Of the Department OF Commerce
with flood relief and food prevention III
Mississippi Valley and New England as s'oe
issue.
The next six months may change the presi'
Dental situation vitality. Gov. Smith might
decline to run. though there has been nothihe
tangible upon which to base such supposition'
One Of the other Republican presidential posi-
bii,ies may forge into the lead.
But when 1t comes to counting probable IA
vosable delegations to the national convention.
Smith and Hoover have the call today
Near Majority Claimed.
Smiths friends insist he will go into the
convention with a ma jority very close to
majority Of the delegates. The unit rule OF
voting State delegations may operate against
the New York governor In several states now
ever, II it Is invoked as It probably VIII De-
On the other hand. in Illinois that rule may
give him the entire IS votes of that delega-
ton. for the primary law has been upset by
the courts in that State and a State convention
dominated by George E. Brennan may put the
unit rule through. thus preventing delegates
from southern Illinois from voting their choice
for some other candidate.
The Smith candidacy has moved fast. not
withsta nding the opposition to the New Yorker
in the South and West because Of his wetness
and his religious afiatlon. The Democrats
nominate by a two-thirds vote in their ma
tional convention, and this rule operates against
the governor change in the rule might be
made to a majority. But it is not now con.
templated. even by Smiths friends. for 1t
would rouse even greater antagonism to Smith
in the South. which looks upon the two.thirds
rule as Its safeguard In the selection Of Demo.
cratic nominees.
Gov. Smith is going into the Democratic con.
venton. IL he does not decline to run, with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Many Lose Countries
In Frontier Changes

Frontier changes. brought about by
the World War. caused tho forma ton
OF q small and unfortunate class Of
Europeans. victims Of "staatiosig
kcit." az "the condition OF being
without q country" Is described In
German. No one knows the exact
number Of these men without q
country" but there are a great
many. The division of the Austro.
Hungarian empire. and It's series Of
succession states. along with certain
annexations TO other states, have
brought this about.
THOUSANDS Of families DO not know
TO which state they belong. They are
without domIciic. without civilian
rights and without protection al ma.
tionals. Husbands are sometimes
citizens OF one country ana wives Of
another while children belong 10 still
another state. The League Of Ma.
tons has been requested TO act.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
No ban on Trade.

Dear me-" exclaimed one OF
the BARRIERS. "sursiy this country
10 doomed 70 disgrace and
shamsl What Presidents we
might have. cir! Just look at
paaastt o. connsetieu. or Stock
ton OF New Jersey! What
aususs they have GOT, cir, Gut
this little Jim Madison. with a
queue no bigger than q pipe
stem! Sir, il 10 enough to make
man forswear his eeuntryl"
And ! thouaht~.not only does
my barber look like my banker.
but they also think alike. IN
their convictions regarding poll.
ties or religion. each conforms 70
Thomas Fuilsr's shrswd obsar.
walton. "Fsw men are suoh in.
Hdsls." said he. "as not to believe
doctrines that make Tor thslr
own profit"
Generally sneAktnu. the barber
10 Tor any good government that
will discourage whisksrsI the
banker 10 fee any good uovsrn.
msat that will maiatain q mar.
kst Tor stoeksi the farmer 10 tor
any good uavsramsat that viii
kssp eropa hiah and tasss low,
And II behoevss ~ oil 10 90 a
bit slow IN pointing the finger ot
seorn or sayinai Bankers are
ssiHsh," or Farmers are nsr.
row" Or BARRIERS are ignorant"
For consciously Or uneea.
soiausly. ell our thinking 10
influenced by the question, How
viii this thing affect me and my
ehiidrsnf In our reaction 10
that vita, issus We are all bank.
ere, oil farmers.
All BARRIERS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Health Measures Cut City Death Rates
Below Those for Country, Official Finds

Death rates IN the city are new
lower than they are In the country
because preventive health measures
in cities reach ana eenefis = larger
proportion OF tho inha eitsnta than 10
the case In rural areas,
This observation VAS voiced by, ng,
Hfnry +, Vaughan, health ee,nesss,
sIaler ~ netr,lt. az a recent eoafel>
snee for race hettermen, at which
measures tor the Improvement cf the
human race were discussed hS rhS,
Strlans. health workers, s,atsStielans
and fVsearch men 1T many branches
" SCIENCE,
Altering tho Immediate environment
under which man hsea may afsect
whole communities. Or, Vaughan
painted out, tur instance, the sub.
sstsation Ut a pure water sarply ef q
city fT polluted one protects all lee
citizens. although thousands may he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
AMERICA AND GERMANY TO WAR
FOR RUSSIAN TRADE MARKET
Soviet Have Done More Business With U. S. Than
Any Other Countryside Ban as Yet Placed on
Exports to Slavs.

Perhaps that is due to the fact that
Americans are demanding. and being
granted. very firm terms. The usual
order for goods from the United
states requires to be paid for on the
basis OF half in cash on delivery, and
the rest In 60 or 90 days Gold In the
medium OF settlement. usually derived
from credits previously established I'm
New York by the Soviet Union.
Large-scale American business CD
crauons are In full blast In Russia.
The Hugh L. Cooper Engineering Co
Ia carrying out vast hydraulic works
on the volga. The Hartman grout
has secured the rich manganese con.
;esston In the Caucasus region. said
TO DO the most valuable deposits OF
that mineral In existence. The
American FarQuhar group has ar.
ranged for large Investments In Soviet
metal industries on the basis of cred.
It's In the United States.
Metal Works Enlarged.
The Makeyev metal works, In the
Donetz coal basin, are 10 be re-eQuip.
ped TO bring their yearly output up to
aout $4,000 metric tons OF pig iron.
which iS four or five times more than
he actual annual output OF the works.
To cover tho costs Of the necessary
equipment. which Is designed 10 give
Russia huge rolling mills of American
type not yet operated anywhere in
Europe. the Farquhar group il to
grant the Soviet n siA.year credit OF
sac. p0o 900.
WALTER :. Rogers. former Washing
ton newspaper publisher and enc OF
Americas foremost authorities in the
ueld OF international electrical com.
inunications. is just back from a visit
In Moscow. He went To Russia 10 give
tho Soviet economic system a close
range examinatlon. II badn't time"
Mr.. Rogers said Ia this writer. TO go
INTO things eAhaustiveiy. But did
obtain one important and definite TN
preston. That II. that American bust,
ness men must be up on their toes II
th"y aro tn meet on even terms the
Gerfnans. who are systematically pre-
pairing 10 reap the benefits of the
great Russian market which Is to IN,
Ihe German embassy i'm Moscow Is
niied with young men. sent TO kusNIa
Ter the purpose Ut studying the Ian
sunSe and acqnainting themselves
with economic conditions,
Tho purpose Is 10 have ready fer
fu'ure use co'gettlng consular on
ganiTatinn which can clear for action
on behalf OF German trade in the ,iaSs
To GENE, If Uncle Sam in not .loine
nat sort OF thing he ought tn h,, Soma
nay II may make all the differences a
20 whether the United States or J;.,.
many IL to prevail IN thu Russian
market" y W NJ
tcorsr.sht iaNs., W.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
NAVY WELCOMES INVESTIGATION
INTO LOSSES ON IT'S SUBMARINES
American Casualties Are Light Compared to Those
of Other Countries, 1t Is Caimed-Some of
Things Done as Safeguards.

abling communication with other craft
In case OF distress or danger and for
use In communicating with radiocom.
pass stations.
Loop type antennae. which can
locate. the direction Of radio waves. :
Life jnci<ets for each member Of
crew for emergency use In water.
Emergency rations.
Most submarine disasters are .dnA 70
causes which can neither b t0te&son
nor provided against by ordinary
safety devices. Ramming OF sub
marines by moro powerful craft using
the surface IL one OF the commonesi
causes. Explosions are frequent.
Sometimes a spark from electric At.
tings ignites explosive gas present
during fueling operation. American
submarines occasionally get into seri.
Gus trouble and rescue themselves. but
the public seldom hears about that
sort Of thing.
Copyright 1887
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08

wholly iSeesan, II what has been
done.
',of one thing arm ecnvinses. how
ever" Or, Vaughan declared and
that 10, that there are thNse who can
not sse made over into Desirable casi>
Gems by Improvement IN cavtr~rmersai
tpadtionx, 'rhe Continued r,eprS<aas
tsea u these should ee checked They
sewetues their Kind aeaaslsatls aad
Without any sea<e W CeslssnSlhl,s.S.
Sta'isss>ianS SaS that the erlnasnal and
M,aea classes are n,altlrtNlng % q
rate tar eeNcnd that sf the pcpasAstcn
~ large They include the egtmfnsl
classes and thase asnctent In tnte,aNe..
and In = few ~ theSr who tnseaseesaNh
" ara AZ a par er ab~es~ the Aveyaxe>
Want 10 state nsNst eaapAAtkeAlsS
that neither eaucAticn. even shs
htsasst edaeatsen. nor reseecs en-,
vnNnnsentai eends.aens absolutely rrcr
eiNt the devsaeeasent CT aateStraAse
nrapanAtttex
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
All BARRIERS


IT was . barber shop which !
had never visited before.
A. tho barber bsgsn tuck.
ING the towel around my
neck. was startled by the
glimpse Of his profile In the mir.
ror. Surely ! have sssn this
man somewhere" I said TO my.
self. "His face 10 very familiar"
Then IL flashed over me. There
10 = New York banker who looks
enough like that barber 10 DO his
twin. II was In the bank. not in
the barber shop, that l had seen
that face before.
30 ! fell TO wondering about
the tricks Of the fAtss~--how they
ssnd two men into the world
looking Just alike, but Give one
some tslhino mental twtst by
which no earns soo, 900 . year ~
. banker instead Of $4,000 . year
~ . barber.
! recalled . good story about
BARRIERS which I read IN the bloe.
tsnhy Of Aaron. Burr. In those
days every barber in Washing,
ton waa . staneh Fsdsralist and
denounced the Democrats ~ =
menace TO the Nation.
Whyf Because OF the political
doctrines et the ,psmoerataf
That was the ostsnsibls reason,
but the real reason was much
more personal.
Fsdsrailsts ware thsir hair In
iang aususs. carefully powdered.
which meant . visit to the bar.
Der shep every day. Democratic
were short hair and no powder
and Get aians with \ call on the
barber snes . msHth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Mountain Range Bigger Than Caucasians
Discovered i'm Northeastern Siberia

eeeAt eaantaln ranAe, eaSSer
than the 1@neaSlans, has heea ,sis,
veNerea ee Russian explorers In Az
ahnt'St AnknaMn teTfitery tn SIherka,
ht'hulto hetieNed ~ ia Authtns nS.FA
than "a yelling plata, aeserAins ~ ia,
{ntl,sat,an iass received here n lies
IN northeastern Nakussk, a little
ana~h resian cpntalnlna unexrseGe d
areas larger than ltane~, The dis
stiea Mas found 70 NO mountainous
aad u ha part ut great range that
hepsts fs~,m tho Arctic Yeast. east es
'ea,sa River, southwark and eastward
This range, with an estimated lenxsh
IL mef@ than 600 Mtlvs aaa a great,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08

delegations Of the Northern and Eastern States
almost. il not entirely. solidly back OF him
Maryland will send delegation favorable TO
Gov. Rtchie Of that state. But the Maryland
delegation will not be unfavorable to Smith,
it Is said. The New York governor will have
IA number OF delegations. or a ma jority Of the
delegates. from Western States. This Is the
case In Illinois already mentioned. in Wiscon-
sin. in Michigan. in Minnesota. In some OF
the dry States Of tho West the Democratic
organization has almost vanished. or been re.
duced to small proportions. That has been
found to be an aid to Smith. for Smith sup.
porters retain their grip on these organizations.
This Is true. for example. in Nebraska, and the
Smith adherents are strong. too. in Iowa.
The present indications that the six New
England States will send practically solid Smith
delegations They are Massachusetts. SO; Con.
necticut. ID: Maine. IL: Rhode Island. 10; New
Hampshire, 8. and Vermont s. total Of 80
votes.
Eastern States which will support Smith
practically solidy In the convention, according
to his friends. are New York. 90: Pennsylvania,
76 New Jersey. %; and Delaware, 8, a total
of zoo votes
Going farther west. Smith is likely to have
Illinois. IS: Colorado. IL: Idaho, s: Michigan.
80; Minnesota. "a: Nevada. 6; North Dakota, 10:
Oregon. 10; South Dakota. 10: Utah, s;
Wyoming, 6. total Of 1872 votes.
Movements In West.
The total Of these State delegations Is 40.
In Iowa there Is strong movement to send a
Smith delegation and also in California For.
mer Secretary Of Agriculture Meredith in iowa
and William G. McAdoo in California will exert
every possible effort to prevent these State
delegations from being named for Smith.
Those two delegations IL they supported the
New York governor would add 81 votes. The
one State in the solid South which might send
a Smith delegation. In part at least. Is Louisi.
ana. which has 20 votes. II Smith were cup.
ported by Iowa. California and Louisiana dele.
cations together with the delegations from the
states previously mentioned he would have
total OF 642 votes early in the convention The
total voting strength Of the convention is I. 0ss
and majority. $780, Maryland with is votes
will support Gov. Richie. and Missouri with
IS votes will favor tho nomination Of Senator
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08

est wkssh ~ yearly sea aasss>s, il ~,
aaes the lsSs Sv<sat W,uQatalN Yang
~ tae wMld that had s~ssNsaaeSl Ne
MsssNet~d 10 HAS e~en nswsl IN
aenar NJ At, ChsvNAi, a Russlxn
sveaegiss whe aApser~a pArts -
siberia
Where n ~ eat ,Ar~ASA Nv lnal
xtfks River the Chsrskl NaaEs Ssn.
tWtses nine NeantAin eAAsNA whpss
htxhest suNseaN TvaeheS ,acS> thai
ss,eoe feet, The Marty passed Se,nS a.
the seFsNS ny tatttNs down the RIVER
nut eeaa1 ethSes naINasss.ess ana had
70 NlSAs selsx asse0gs ayVg kas WNsan
taiAAA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Cologne Excavations
Yield Frankish Graves

An important archaeological nnd,
throwing light on the little KNOW,
period following The withdrawal Of
The itoBlaD iegioDs from tbs German
frontier early In the nth century
A. D.. has been made by Dr, Frtts
Ffemsrsdorf Ut tbs Waiiraff +Hichartz
Iussnm al Cologne. II consists III
an ancient Franklsh graveyard, which
was discovered during saca vati0ns IN
al athletic park In 0as 0f tbs sub
urbs II the city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
How States May Line Upfor Candidates

James a.. Reed or that state 1t is under
standable. however. that both Maryland and
Missouri may swing into the Smith column
later In the convention. Gov. Smiths friends
claiming support also In several other
States.
The New York governors opponents are re.
lying particularly on the antiSmith strength
In the solid South to halt the governors nomna-
ton. The IL States are sometimes regarded as
solidly Democratic. and their votes In the con.
vention are Alabama. "a; Florida. IL; Georgia.
%: Louisiana. 20: Mississippi 20: Arkansas 10:
North Carolina. "a: South Carolina. IS: Okla.
homa. 20: Texas. 40. and Virginia. a. total
Of 248 votes. The solid South. socalled stand
ing alone could not prevent the nomination Of
Gov. Smith even with the two.third rule In
effect. The opposition would have to hold 367
votes soldly against the New York governor
to prevent his nomination with the two-thrds
rule In effect. The Smith opponents are look
ing to other States to join with the South to
prevent Smiths nomination. They are count
ing on Indiana with 80 votes. Ohio with 49,
Missouri with SO. Tennessee with a. Kentucky
with 20. West Virginia with 16 and Maryland
at least early in the convention, with Is. a
total Of 204 votes. While it Is possible to see
a Smith majority comparatively early In the
national convention, a two.thrds vote for
Smith Is not yet apparent. But predictions are
made by Democratic leaders that II Smith OBJ
tains majority on one Of the ballots the con.
NeHl'OH Will ultimately SWING INTO Lne Dack or
him.
WIN Support Pomerene.
Out in Ohio Gov Donahey has repeatedly de.
:cared he Is not candidate. It Is practically
certain that the Ohio delegation will support
former Senator Pomerene as its favorite son
candidate. The understanding however. is
that the delegation will be picked with view
to the support of another Ohio Democrat in
the event Senator Pomerene Is found to have
no chance OF the nomination. This leave 1t
possible for the Ohio delegation to turn even
tually to Gov Donahey. II it appears that the
governor has strength In the convention. This
Is held to be rather shrewd politics Senator
Pomerene may be regarded as friendly to
Smith. and Gov. Donahey will not appear in
the early balot!ng as an opponent OF the New
York governor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Comparison Is Optimistic.

Al the Navy Department In Wash.
inston and at all naval construction
establishments throughout tho coun'
try. no field Of activity In more in
tensiyeiy cultivated than what our
saiiormen call preventive medicine y
by that they mean methods for re-
d,icing the possibility Of accidents 10
the lowest minimum which human ana
scientific ingenuity can devise. here n
a list Of the contrivancen already ID
use for making life In submarine as
safe an possible:
Oxyger, tanks for replacing expend'
ed oxygen In the breathing air.
Soda line for extracting poisonous
element from the breathing air.
several hundred cubic feet OF com
pressed air for emergency use w
blow tanks free from water
Gsa masks to project against deau'F
gases sometimes encountered lie
,,,os, deadly gas known IN submarines
IN chlorine, generally encountered ~
Iayge quantities II snit water comes
into contnet with sulphuric acid
listening devices for Detecting APP
proarh Of propeliers and other surface
craft noises.
Extra Long Periseopes.
periscopes 30 feet ionB, THIS extra
length type Of periseope causes some
sacrifice Of optical qualities. but our
Navy holds this sacrifice TO DO Justi'
ned. II allows vessels wiz. 1faIt
I'M 10 10 feet 10 pass over the nun OF
tho submarine without damaging 'hs
latter, .,.
Automatic blow device. which pro
yides automatic expulsion Of water
from tbs ballast tanks " The sub
msriue goes lower than tbs set depth,
Strengthen bults 10 wfhtthn1
pressure Ut wuter far IN "AeHhs ~ me
pressure normally enr@hiliaf.b ny
submarines IN operation. tiiti's are
tested every seven wars ia a hsp'h o.
At least 700 feet Huils have wi,hstood
tests Of ais and aa0 faei,
Special clothing for crews ~ With
stand cold ana exposure.
Special vsntiiating machinery Ia
carry on dangerous fumes Eensfaied
by storage batteries. especially hydro
gan gas, which In explosive and has
| caused loss of life,
Apparatus for disabling fresh water
spsetal how bu0ysacy tanks for
emergency use when u submarine
| suddenly piuDass toward the bottom,
! High powered radio apparatus, on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08

The state record ter having the
greatest numher af autumohites IN iGtN
rattlon IL population IL held iW Cali
Iornia, which haa ene Net ~ y pet
soma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE

Uncle Sans Navy welcomes the
searchlight Of rigid Investigation
which Is now being turned on It's sub
marine branch. In line with President
Cooiidge's Recommendation to Con.
grcss. The officers Of the feet are
ready to show that the Navy n sleep.
less In the pursuit OF methods 70 save
the lives OF Its officers and men. II
In confident of q clean bill OF health.
In particular. the Navy awaits an
opportunity TO make the country un.
derstand that it's submarine losses. in
human life, are light compared to
those which other first.class nayies
have suffered. This satisfactory show.
ing. Il 10 asserted. 10 due 10 the far
reaching and scientific safety appli.
ances with which the United States
Navy. IL equipped. The feet is
ers are hopeful that Congress and
the Nation at large will be educated
as Representative La Guardia OF New
York has Just been educated-to real.
ize that. far from neglecting safety
precautions, the Navy does everything
within human ingenuity to protect
and preserve the lives Of the men
engaged In Its most dangerous serv.
Ice. During the past year the Is or
so submarines regularly In service
cruised an average OF 10000 miles
apiece under all sorts OF conditions
and without accident until the S.
catastrophe.
Comparison Is Optimistic.
This writer has just been put In
possession OF q tabuia ton which In
dicates. from the RELATIVELY" stand.
point. that Uncle Sam has been far
moro fortunate than either Great
Britain or japan in the resject Just
mentioned. These are the official world
figures of submarine accidents from
January !. 1919. practically to date:
Number Of Number Number
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08

America and Germany are going 70
% At war again-this time for trade
and the Russian market IL tho prizs
Tor which they will struggle. Ever
though unrecognfzed by the United
States, the Soviet Union Ia 1877 did
more business with Americans, boil,
Import and export. than with any
other country According to Sovie,
ofiicial figures. the Russians Dough,
from Us last year t42 200. 900 worth OF
goods and sold US $4,000. 900 worth OF
their own stun. Cotton led the LIST
OF our exports by q wide margin
Next In importance came textile ma,
chinery. agricultural implements, fac
tory equipment. and fabrics Of various
sorts.
Up to tho end Of the Soviet flsca,
year. In the middle OF 1927 or there.
abouts. Germany was recorded as be.
ing Russia's chief trade connection
Tho United States came second, es
peciaily In exports to Russia. Ac.
cording TO Washington trade authors
ties. large quantities OF American ex.
ports to Russia. such a. cotton. are
shipped through German ports like
Hamburg. and, because they arc re.
shipped 10 destination from Germany
sometimes get into the statistics az
German exports. In any event
American and German business men
are destined to fight II out in Russia
on an intcnsively competitive scale
from now on. In prcwar days. much
OF our business with Russia was done
through German middiemen. Today
our exporters. merchants and manu-
facturcrs are invading the Russian
market directly and on their own &C.
count.
No ban on Trade.
The State Department places no EN-.
barge on American trade with the
Soviet Union. through which all busi.
ness In Russia has officially tn bc
done. Tho Soviet's trading organiza'
ton II known aa the "Amtorg." Htth'
erto, because OF the American dipie.
matte boycott OF the Moscow govern
pent. many Of our business people
nave hcsitated To sell In Russia, Ac'
cording to the experience which many
firms and corporations are now regu'
iarly having. Russia IN "sood pay"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
Property Rights Guaranteed.

The iTeaty makes siaboTsushs ~
she foregoing privileges Tor mission
arles and then guarantees them the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-08
WIN Support Pomerene.

Continued on Fourth Page.)