Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-08-27
KELLOGG TREATY
!. FIFTH TOBE SIGNED
Pact Approved Today Held
0utgroWth of Dawes
Reparation Plan.
BY the Associated Press.

PARIS. August 27,--The Kellogg pact,
! which was signed by Is nations today,
is the fifth solemn agreement of the kind
| that has been signed In the past six
years.
AT Genoa, in May, 1922 80 nations
adopted resolution whereby they un-
dertook not to commit aggrcssions upon
one another.
AT Geneva, in September. 1924, the
assembly Of the League of Nations
adopted a protocol which bound the
members to substitute arbitration for
| violence in the settlement of disputes
AT Locarno. in 1925. France, Belgium
and Germany signed pact which
! bound them never to make war upon
one another, but settle their controver-
sizes by arbitration.
At Havana. in 1927. the Pan American
Congress adopted q resolution 10 taboo
war as n means of flrthering national
policy,
The Genoa resolution grew out OF
efforts by Lloyd George to bring eX~
enemy countries into harmony again
and to get Russia back into the con-
cert of European powers. 1t failed OF
Its object because Russia was unable or
unwilling to satisfy the claims Of other
countries that insisted upon indemni-
ties To their nationals whose pirate
property in Russia had been CuntlScated.
Britain WithhoIds Assent.
The Geneva protocol iap$ed because
Great Britain refused To subscribe to the
principle of mutual assistance To repel
attacks. taking an attitude similar TO
that OF the United States Government
with reference to the League Of Nations,
All of the European efforts IN this di-
rection grew out Of the lapse OF the
treaties whereby Great Britain and the
United States guaranteed the inVlolabii-
itv of the eastern French frontier. The
French insisted strongly upon the strict
execution of the treaty of Versailles and
maintained q stout attitude toward Ger
many. The British statesmen bent their
efforts toward Cancellation and proposed
concessions TO Germany to pave the way
for better feeling.
The first concrete step taken toward
a non-aggreSSion pact was at Cannes
in January, 1922, where Lloyd George
proposed Franco British pact TO re-
place the British and American guaran-
tee treaties with the understanding
that France should make concessions on
naval disarmament and accept the idea
of the Genoa conference for the final
establishment of real peace.
AT that time public opinion in France
was not ready for the necessary Sacri-
fees. M BRAND. who was thought
TO be going too fast. was called 10 Paris
to explain to the cabinet and in a
memorable speech in the Chamber of
Deputies resigned his post. The weak
point in this proposal was that Lloyd
George made the reservation that Brit
ism forces would not under any Circum-
stances be employed in central or
eastern Europe.
This left Poland with the support of
France alone and it was then thought
ii another aggression were TO be feared
it would be against Poland rather than
France. with the certainty that France
would be drawn in TO aid her ally.
Both BRAND and Lloyd George we're
out of office when the Dawes plan was
drawn up. Socialism and extreme radi-
calism had triumphed in both countries
and the way was prepared for con-
ciliatory negotiations with Germany.
Dawes Plan Applied.
The Reich was represented at a con-
ference in London which decided upon
the application Of the Dawes plan and
at which II was agreed that the evacu-
alton of the Ruhr would follow imme-
diately the acceptance by Germany of
the Dawes plan.
From that time on there developed
rivalry between Herriot and BRAND as
to leadership in the peace campaign.
The former launched the arbitration
protocol in Geneva, which hts friends
have maintained was. with the conces-
sion made by Herriot in London, the
determining influence for real peace
between France and Germany He fell
from power soon afterward. however,
and M. Brand took up the work with
Sir Austen Chamberlain and finally.
after lunch at Thoiry with Herr
Stresemann. established relations that
made Locarno possible.
1t was on the tenth anniversary Of
the entry of the United States into the
war in April, 1917, that BRAND. in
message to the American people
through the Associated Press, proposed
that the two republics resolve to out
Law" war.