Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-23
Great Problems Facing i. S.
Continued from First Page.)

dollars.
The serious impairment Of our foreign
trade, either in leSSened demand abroad
or lessened purchasing power at home
would intimately affect practically all
our people 1t is a very human" prob
lem. Foreign tariff restrictions on
American automobiles may bring un-
employment in Detroit, foreclosure Of
mortgages on the homes of men out of
work, financial stringency affecting
every one, from the banker who has
loaned money to build factories to the
corner grocer who supplies food to shop
workers.
What Diplomacy Can Do.
American diplomacy that creates good
will abroad and helps to rebuild the Old
World can help the American farmer
find new and larger markets for cotton
wheat and other surplus products Of
the soil.
The problem of proper conduct of OH"
foreign relations even touches the pro-
hibition issue, as 1t involves interna-
tional cooperation to prevent liquor
smuggling.
The amount of taxes paid by factory
and home owners. by salary and wage
earners. by men and women engaged in
the professions, is affected by that phase
of our foreign relations governing the
amount of tariff revenue from goods i'm
ported.
Mere campaign promises of proper or
wise conduct of our foreign relations
are valueless. The campaign of 1916 be-
tween Hughes and Wilson was Waged OIL
the implied promise contained in the
Democratic slogan: He kept lis out of
war"-yet in 1917, with Wilson re-elect-
ed, We were in the war up to the hilt.
War may have been unavoidable, either
by Democratic or Republican admin
istration. but the fact is unacceptable
that mere good intentions are a poor
substitute for good judgment. knowl-
edge and experience in handling any
difficult situation.
Prudent Conduct Needed.
The tremendous Importance Of pru-
dent and wise conduct of our relations
with foreign nations during the next
few years must be apparent, therefore,
to every citizen. No one can view the
affairs of the world today in even a
curSory way without noting the infinite
possibilities for tragic trouble for any
nation whose statesmen lack true
craftsmanship.
Our Constitution places in the hands
of the President of the United States
great power and great responsibility af
fecting the relationship with other ma
tions. To him is given the power, and
upon him is placed the duty, of making
treaties. The appointments of min
listers and ambassadors are made by the
President. True it is that treaties and
State Department appointments must
obtain the approval and consent of the
hut iv4ifi fiyo nd 40
sponSibility are largely and primarily
In the White House. Jefferson, Madi-
son, Monroe, Cleveland, Mckinley, Will
son, Coolidge. all exercised decisive in
fluence on the destiny of the Nation
through their conduct, direct or in
direct, Of foreign relations.
There is every indication that during
the four years to come equally momen-
tous decisions will have to be made af-
fecting our international relations. 1t is
possible perhaps probable, that one of
the first matters of foreign relations that
will have to be dealt with by the new
administration is the So-called Kellogg
treaty signed at Paris on August q by
the United States and IA Of the prin-
cipal nations. That treaty formally and
eolemnly renounceS war as leglti-
mate means of settling international
QlSDQI6S. LII IIdkcS Wal
an outlaw among civilized nations 1t
declares, in effect, that the nations
signing the treaty will find other means
to adjust their disputes.
Yet, simple in purpose and language
as that treaty is there can be no GER
tainty of its approval by the United
States Senate before March 4, 1929,
when the Coolidge administration ends
nor of its ratification by the Parl1a-
ments and other governing bodies OF
the nations whose signatures were APP
pended by diplomatic representatives.
Action May Be Delayed.
Indeed, based on past experience, it
Is quite likely that debate on the treaty
may be prolonged to such an extent
short session of Congress converting
next December. In three short months
the Senate will have to dispose OF APP
preparation bills involving billions OF
dollars, and much legislation OF an
emergency or urgent nature will OF ne
cessity be considered and voted upon.
But whether the Senate acts upon the
kellogg treaty at the next session or
defers action until the new Congress
and new President assume once. tne
result of the November election VIII IN
fluence profoundly ultimate decision
upon the new peace pact. In tner at
titude toward the treaty at the session
following the election. Senators IN
douhtedlv will be influenced by the
counsel and Judgment OF elther MI
Smith or Mr.. Hoover.
No treaty as important as TINS can
mass without the closest scrutiny ana
study. Already there are indications OF
some opposition because OF what are
stated to be important reservations
made bv Great Britain before signing.
other objections will be raised. MOI
Tithstandlng the fact that undoubtedly
public opinion, both at nome ana
abroad, is strongly in favor OF raCiilca-
tion of the treaty to outlaw war, tnere
IS possibility Of failure unless the ieaoer-
ship of President Coolidge Is Suppie-
uented by good leadership OF ms sue
eeSSor. 49, +.ao+,,
The essential substance OF the treaty
&c Contained in two sentences. But tne
fart that the diplomatic correspondence
pertaining to it fills 81 printed pages IS
an indication of the prolonged olScuS-
sion that may be precipitated IN the
Senate.
Senate independence.
Since the World War the Senate mas
exercised almost utter HloepeLuehCS y.
the President in matters OF 1orelgn
relations Despite the greatest pres
sure, and even denunciatlon OF within II,!1
democratic Senators by woodrow Will
SON the Senate refused ratification OF
the League Of Nations pact. Failure at
the White House to understand AND
appreciate the attitude and Judgment
Of Senators resulted in conflict ano
clash of will and temperaments thar
prevented fruitful compromise II was
impossible to reconcile the Viewpoints
If Chief Executive and Senate. There
was mutual distrust and antipathy. Each
senator is a problem" that must be
dealt with Northumberland dlplo-
matically.
In the consideration of the resolution
involving adherence to the World Court
there was almost equally strong opposl-
ton to the judgment Of the Preslden'
NJ NpVprf p