davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Waves From Remote kes Which Flow Through Rock
and Soil at Speed Of About 400 Miles Minute

snails pace as compared with the
velocity at which earthquake waves flow
through mountains of rock, vast
stretches of soil and are not turned
back even by wide intervening rivers
and lakes. The earthquake waves
travel at pace Of 400 miles minute
or faster Their normal gait is not
nearly as fast as the customary speed of
light, but it is much more rapid than
the ordinary velocity of sound waves.
If you will hit the dissembled axle of
IN automobile with a sledge hammer
'ou will produce compression waves that
low through the metal which are like
he quake waves that race through
tarra firma and spread the news of the
distant terrestrial disturbance. An earth
1uake Is nothing more than slippage
CT the earths crust at fault or point
Of strain-usually at the base of a
mountain. The first wave produced is
\ compression wave that travels in a
straight lire. It will travel one-sixth
Of the way around the world in 10
minutes. The second wave is a trans
verse wave whose velocity Is only one
half as fast, and which speeds in the
same direction. other quake waves re-
semble ocean waves and flow along the
surface Of the earth. Some others are
reflected two or three times or more
from the core of the earth in their
Journeys from the point Of the earth
quake to the opposite side OF our con-
tinent.
The detecting device at the Bureau
of Standards will record such diminu-
tive vibrations as movements OF the
earth as small as one ten-thousandth
of an inch. The normal movements
of the earth are increased greatly when
a quake occurs. The worst California
earthquake on record had maximum
movement of 18 feet. The terrible
quake which caused millions Of dollars
of damage and collected tremendous
tribute In human lives in Japan several
years ago had a maximum movement
of 1000 feet.
An earthquake Is liable to occur at
any time anywhere on the surface OF
our spherical world. Some sections are
apparently more immune to these dis
turbances than others. New England
feels light earthquake tremors most
every year. On the other hand, a
quake has never occurred in Washing
ton, although the waves from remote
earthquakes are recorded here regu-
larly at the Georgetown University
chronological station. That stretch OF
Pacific Coast country extending south
of San Francisco to the Mexican border
is the most fertile incubator Of destruc-
tive earthquakes In the United States.
A fault ia the saxth's crust never forns
Evening star., 1928-12-30
THE SOVEREIGN OF THE SEA
in Voyage

faded into the fog. She vanished, and
and the Carradine was left alone.
Capt Graham's hair seemed to bristle
under his peaked cap as he stood
stupefied on his bridge.
We'll have to rig jury rudder,"
said the mate some time later. Lucky
the weather's not too bad"
"Glass's falling" announced the sec
ond mate. Capt. Graham clucked i'm
patiently.
"It'll be fast work, but we may make
it," he said. Get the rudder rigged
first, and then we'll see about the screw
If the weather makes, we can ride to
a sea-anchor. Get busy now! All
handS"
The noise of hammers and the creak-
ing of blocks began to rise. From be-
low came the firemen, the oilers, the
engineers, the wipers. All hands! While
the seanlen under Capt. Graham'S or
ders worked on rudder, the rest of
the ships company commenced to
transfer the lumber to the foredeck,
which was already 10 deep in wood.
A substantial sea-anchor was rugged
out of the huge new spars and lowered.
1t so happened that the ships spare
screw was carried in the shelter deck
of No. S hatch, and to get at 1t neces-
STATED more lumber being shifted. The
amount of work was appalling. More
than once Capt. Graham, remembering
he worked against time and threat
ening storm, and that he was caught
without power or guiding force upon
one of the worst coasts in the world,
was tempted to cut things short and
order the men simply to pitch the lvn-
ber cverside.
But that was against the ethics of
the sea. Only in dire emergency
might cargo be destroyed And slowly
and almost imperceptibly, with the
transference Of weight from aft, the
stern of the Carradine lifted higher
and higher from the sulllen fog-hung
sea.
X
DARKNESS came, and in the light
- of electric clusters the men labored
The fog wreathed about them. In spite
of the clammy cold, they streamed with
sweat. The cook kept coffee Steaming
Evening star., 1928-12-30

He did not feel so tired now. His ex-
hausted body had passed the stage
where muscles ached and every joint
seemed sore AS long as he kept on
his feet, moving, thinking, he was
all right He knew he ought to go below
and sleep. He had competent officers.
But he was worried about the rudder
and about his deck cargo. So he paced
with the third made, his every sense
alert for a wild yaw of the vessel that
would tell the rudder had gone. So
that day passed.
TOWARD midnight, when the gale
l. was at it's worst the lumber on
the foredeck began to groan and creak
omniously.
call all hands" said Capt. Gra-
ham quietly. Ease her into the seas,
mister. Well have to get some extra
lashings for'ard."
1t was stormy task. The men swore
and complained Some refused to get
up. A few of the older seamen rose
from force of habit and discipline, and
wearily dressed. The erect figure of
Capt. Graham stood in the foc'sle door,
way, flanked by his mates, and the
CHEEKY voices rose above the noises OF
the ship, and the oaths of tired men
dragged from rest to labor again:
STAND to it, boys! An hour or SOIL
see us through. Just a few lashings
for'ard before we lose the stuff. You
can turn in again then and sleep all
day tomorrow"
"Lumberl" said one man thickly.
"Let it go! What do we carel'
The mate caught that mans arm in
iron fingers and dragged him up on
deck. The rest followed grumbling STILL
but resigned to the task. And ahead
Of them went Capt. Graham, his voice
coming brokenly through the wind
scream, the spune staggering him now
and then.
Underfoot the lumber shifted and
groaned beneath it's chains. Here and
there planks were already beginning to
edge out of line. A giant baulk stuck
half over the rail, fretting back and
forth. A good roll, with smashing
sea, and the lot would go. Half a
million feet lost in the NAV of the
water And it would take with 1t, like
as not. backstays, winches, tackle, per-
haps the mast. That it would burst
open the matches as it went was GER
tain. and, If that happened, no man
could tell what might follow.
Slipping, stumbling, falling, swearing
screaming into the face of the gale the
men of the Carradine labored. Seas
climbed up the hull. climbed the sides
of the lumber, sent foam swirling across
it. At intervals sea would breach
clear across and there would be wild
scramble to hang to backstays, to cling
to the mast to lie down fiat and grip
with bleeding fingers the great chains
beneath which the lumber surged. And.
through it all-alert, shouting, jesting
a thing of wire and whipcord-moved
the master, his oilskins in shreds, his
sou'western over one ear.
"One more lashing," Capt. Graham
would shout. Just one more!"
1t was always one more. From rail to
rail across the lumber the lines ran.
They were trapped one to the other to
draw them tight. More wedges were
hammered under the chains The lum-
ber ceased to surge and groan.
CAN fast, sir!'
"All right" shouted Capt. Graham.
They could not hear him, so he waved
his hand and essayed last laugh. The
men scrambled away, back to the wet
foc'sle and their hunks. They turned
Evening star., 1928-12-30

about" he stated, and then commenced
pacing the bridge. The mate beloved
for the bos'n.
All the morning both watches labored
to clear lumber from No. 3 hold until
there was space enough for men to
crawl through and get at the coal
They passed it up, sack by sack, heavy,
watersodden, and it was carried on to
the fiddley, the sacks cut, and the
sticky black stuff emptied out. The
first sacks were cold and soaked but,
as the men below worked deeper into
the pile, they came to sacks that were
hot and smoldering.
The mate heaved sigh Of relief. 1t
was something to know the fire had act
ually been located and put out. No one
wanted to be on lumber-carrier, II a
real blaze worked up. The coal, dump
ed in one huge pile on the flddley, was
covered with tarpaulin, round which the
mate had lines run and made fast. He
hoped no bad weather would come up.
That afternoon his hopes began to
fall The persistent rain ceased, and
a slow, thick fog crept up from the
south, wrapping the Carradine in
white blanket that limited visibility to
a scant half-cable's length oversize.
The steady roar and below of the siren
shook the vessel as she nosed blindly
ahead on her course.
X X
COON after four bells, o'clock, a
~ faint bleating became apparent
somewhere to starboard. Capt Graham
and the second mate stood in the bridge
wing and listened. They caught the
bleat again, and the second mate went
to sound the CarradineS siren and to
stand by the telegraphs. And then,
quite abruptly, disaster came.
Out of the fog loomed dark shape.
The mufled bleat suddenly grew to a
loud, hoarse below Men shouted.
Telegraphs tangled. The steam-schoon-
er Ehnira. canted to port as her helm
went hard over and, sweeping under
the Carradine's stern, very neatly swept
with her the rudder and screw. The
Carradine was swung violently from
southwest almost to north, and then
she squatted heavily in the trough, like
a tired animal, while the schooner
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Bv Albert Richard Wetien

snoothed over. The chief steward
went to his room. The third mate
went to his. The cook Gained down.
Capt. Graham thought he might try
to sleep now. He was not particularly
perturbed by what had happened. Men
will occasionally fall and break their
legs: wire will give; and men will fight
when their nerves are frayed. And
then. too, there were voyages when
everything seemed to go wrong at once.
This, the captain decided, as he climbed
to his bunk again, was just such a
voyage. He sighed and closed his eyes.
and, even as he fell asleep, he dimly
heard four bells, 10 O'Clock, strike from
the wheelhouSe above him.
x X 4
TT was about IL o'clock when Capt.
Graham was called back to con-
seriousness by the mate. He sat up in
his bunk, blinked, and rubbed his face.
He heard the mate saying in a
strained voice. There's a fire some
where down in No. 8, SIR" and, as the
meaning of the words seeped into him,
he stiffened abruptly and then swung
out of the bunk The mate explained
that he had seen smoke issuing from
the port king-post, just abaft the bridge,
and. doping down into the hole left
in the deck lumber where No. hatch
was, he found smoke oozing from under
the tarpaulin there.
Whats in No. 80" demanded Capt
Graham. Anything besides lumber?"
II had the galley coal put in the
shelter deck, sir. 1t came aboard
sacked, and We had about every place
filled"
Sacks wet. Combustion, I suppose"
jerked the captain. He preceded the
mate out on the bridge, took long
look at the king-post the mate indi-
Gated, and said, We'll, WE'LL" quite
brisk1y, when he saw the wisp Of vapor
linger for a moment in the rain and
then vanish.
First they lashed canvas round the
top of the king-post, which was hollow,
and. besides acting as a mast for
derrick, allowed ventilation into No.
hold. They put extra tarpaulins over
the hs11:h. They securely covered every
ventilator that in any way was con-
Evening star., 1928-12-30

in the seismometer which appears as a
current in the electric circuit. This
current causes defiections Of the gal
vanometer, which has a mirrow attached
from which a light beam is reflected
into the camera, where the record is
made on continuously moving photo
graphic paper.
The seismometer proper consists Of
a moving beam mounted on cardan sus-
pensions. This beam supports steady
mass and Is equipped with a coil which
tends to stand still as the earth moves
to and fro. A powerful magnet at
tached to the base of the seismometer
moves backward and forward with the
earth. The coil and magnet are so re-
lated that their relative motion develops
an electromotive force in the coil pro-
portional to the rate of motion, while
the resulting current causes reflections
Of the galvanometer and the transmits
sion Of the electromotive force to its
coil or winding.
The coils and magnets Of the seis-
Evening star., 1928-12-30
BY GENE DAY.

" EN- minutes after a California
earthquake begins its vibrations,
these to and fro movements of
Il the earth on which we live are
registered at the Bureau of
Standards laboratories by a new seis-
mometer developed by Mr.. Frank Wen
ner, Government research specialist
To most Of U.s. 1t seems incredible
that the earth's remors can be trans
ilitted through several thousand miles
of rock and soil from the Pacific to the
Atlantic at a speed. which defies dupli-
cation by man. Here is a consumma-
ton Of research which will aid in our
potential protection from destruction by
an earthquake, for the Wenner seis-
n1on1eter as well as other efficient quake
detectors can Aow be used eficiently in
the prediction of earthquakes many
months before their occurrence Hor-
rible disasters are prevented because
these electrified Observation-Disclosures
of portending catastrophies-issue time
ly warnings and facilitate the evacua-
ton Of threatened territory.
The Seismometer now undergoing
thorough tests at the local proving
grounds of the Department of Com
merce is superior to all others now in
active use because of its simplicity of
construction, ease Of operation and
minimum adjustments. It is equipped
magnfhcation and is linked in circuit
with recording camera which regis
ters the result in permanent form.
This earthquake detector is so del
icately adjusted that the mere removal
5f its protective haSd may throw it out
IS scis.SiGe killer. Because 1t Is af-
SecJed very measurably by such traffic
vibrations as heavy motor trucks and
street cars, this scientific sleuth Is
housed in a suhterranean chamber of
concrete located in the sub-sub-base-
ment of one Of the national laboratories
some 35 feet below the surface of the
earth.
THE apparatus is an innocent hook
ing contraption which would not
attract more than passing notice from
the average sightseer until he ascer-
tanned Its technical value and practical
Importance. 1t is mounted on a wedge
shaped slab of concrete which, In turn
is supported by three small concrete
posts anchored In the undisturbed
ground. This arrangement is essential
in order that the detector may 'picE
UP" and magnify all earthly vibrations
which are flowing in wave formation
through our terrestrial sphere.
A special galvanometer and the re-
cording camera connected in electrica
circuit with the underground seis
mometer are located in q dark room
three floors above the quake detector
Tho minute earth movements developed
by remote earthquakes as well as othe
causes generate an elecromotive fort
Evening star., 1928-12-30

to five seconds. For these short In
tervals the displacements registered on
the Photographic paper are about 1000
times larger than the actual movements
of the earth. The magnification of
these movements is smaller as the
earthquake continues.
X X v
MODERN man marvels at the high
AVA speed attained by racing automo-
.biles at Daytona Beach, Fla, where one
American driver established a world S
record of 205 miles an hour in a spe-
cially built car last Winter. The speed
attained in that time trial was q mer
Evening star., 1928-12-30

crust of the earth was unyielding. The
most destructive earthquake on this
continent resulted at New Madrid, La,
more than century ago.
Do not form the incorrect impression
that the experts of the Bureau of
Standards are invading the fields Of
meteorological research as a result of
their invention Of new seisnlometer.
The Department of Commerce has no
intention of fostering such experimental
Evening star., 1928-12-30

water and enormous amounts Of Sedi-
ment which it empties into the Gulf
of Mexico. The ocean bottom IN that
latitude formed the habit of absorbing
all this foreign material. The silt. soil
and sediment settled into the earth.
But when the Mississippi became lazy
and tried to deposit the sediment up
stream near the northern boundary of
Louisiana, it selected point where the
Evening star., 1928-12-30

mometer and galvanometer and the re-
sistance of the electric circuit are so
proportioned that the action Is almost
the same as though the steady mass of
the seismometer and the mirror of the
galvanometer were connected mechan-
ically by lever system, resulting in a
large magnification. Furthermore, the
light beam reflected from the galva-
nometer mirror acts like a long pointer
and tends to increase the magnification
of the earth's movements.
The original vibrations from distant
earthquake as registered by the Wenner
seismometer have periods of from one
Evening star., 1928-12-30

until an earthquake has occurred at
that particular point. Subsequent
uuakes may occur at the same place
regularly for hundreds or thousands Of
years.
X n X
THE history of American earthquakes
Is productive In freaks and sensa-
tions. One such was staged in the
Lower Mississippi Valley. This mighty
river Is a carrier Of q vast volume OF
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
COMMITTEE GETS
 SHOCK IN SMITHS
 CAMPAIGN REPORT
OVER s1oo,ooo BEEN COLLECTED; CLOSE FRIEND KICKED IN
 WITH $7o,oo0

NEW YORK, May 15, (P)-The Senate Committee Investigating the expenditures of Presidential candi- dates, received a shock when they questioned George Van Nance, Gov elnor Al Smiths campaign manager.
 They were jerked straight up in their chairs when they learned that $103,301 had been collected from Mr. Smiths friends for the purpose of aiding his nomination and that $90, oS0,25 had already been spent for that purpose,
 Ir. Van Nance gave an itemized list of contributors to avoid any possibility of error of the total William Kenny, close friend of Mr. Smith, gave $7O,00O of which $50,OOO was noted as loan.
 Other large contributors were Herbert Lehman, $1O,OOO, William Todd $5,OOO and James Riord2n $5,OOO.
 Previous to MT. Van Nance, Mr. Smith had been questioned by the Senators but could not help them as he did not know the exact amounts cf contributions and requested them to interview Van Nance. They did and received tremendous surprise
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
MC EVEN WILL DRIVE
 AUTO OVER HIGHWAY

T- R. McEwen, local school super intendent for the last few years, will, following closing of this years term, depart for Fairbanks where he will be employed during the summer months driving an auto on the Rich ardson highway for the Richardson Highway Transportation Go. At this time he plans remaining in Alaska next winter and will probably fol- low work other than along education al lines such as he has been engaged in.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
LEGAL NOTICE
U- s. Land Office, Anchorage, Alas.

O- P. Land Office, Anchorage, Alas. ka, March 6, 1928.
 Notice is hereby given that Milo HuIburt, entryman, together with his witnesses, Nora Lippincott, and S. stoffer, all of seldovia, Alaska, has submitted final proof on his homestead entry, serial o5s57, for lot 6, sWMsE 4 Sec. 2e, lot 1, NWANEA Sec. 32, T. 8 s. R. 14 W. s. M. and it is now in the files of the U. s. Land Office at Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local land office at Anchorage, Alaska, within the period of publication or thirty days there after said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued.
 J. LlNDLEY GREEN,
 Register. First publication March 27, 1e2a.- Last publication May 21, 1928.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
LEGAL NOTICE
NOTICE FINAL PROOF

NOTICE FINAL PROOF U. s. Land Office, Anchorage, Alas ka. April 3, 1928.
 Notice is hereby given that Henry Albert Wells, entryman, of Homer, Alaska, together with his witnesses, Oscar Munson, of Homer, Alaska, and Milo HuIburt, of SeIdovia, Alaska, has submitted his final proof on homestead entry, serial 06013, for the 1-2 NE IA, sec. 24, T. 6S. R. IA w. and lot i, and 2, sec. 19, T. 6S. R. 13 w. and it is now in the files of the U. s. Land Office, Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local land office, within the period of publication, or thirty days there- after, said final proof will be accept ed and final certificate issued.
 J. LtNDLEY GREEN
 Register Date of first publication April 17, 1928. Date of last publication May P, 1928.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15

Sink your teeth Into a piece of Baby Beef and gasp with joy.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
FOR SALE OR LEASE-Cafe electri. caIy equipped, in first class condi- ton. Terms reasonable. Write or inquire of proprietor A. c. Stendal, Petersburg, Alaska.

FOR sALE-1926 model seven pas- senger master six Buick in first class shape. Five good tires, trunk rack California enclosure $975.o0 terms. Run 10000 miles. Cost s2.ooo.
 SchalIerer's Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
MUsHER THoT BE oKEH

Joe Touhey, unheard from since he wandered off the trail enroute from Shungnak to Alatna, is though to be safe and sound in some shel- ter camp, according to word brought to Fairbanks last week by pilot Ed Young.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
BARNETT REELECTED

Professor c. D. Barnett, former superintent of Seward schools. has been reelected to another term in the Oregon City, Oregon, high school This will make his third year there
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15

Joe H. Hubbard of Fairbanks has been appointed U. s. Deputy Marshal at Nenana succeeding H. I. Miller, resigned.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15
oDUNA NORTH MAY 20

The freighter Oduna, of the Alas ka Steamship O., sails from Seattle for Alaska on May 20, carrying coal, lumber and miscellaneous cargo; and no explosives. The oduna will go Westward from the port of Seward.
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15

DEVELOPING, PRINTING AND PICTURE FRAMING. ScHALLERER'S ALASKA SHOP
Seward daily gateway., 1928-05-15

Send the Gateway to friends.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-11-22
THIEVES VISIT
STURGEON LAKE

Thieves were active in the vii
lage again some time between
Tuesday evening and Wednesday
morning. The Tourist Lunch was
entered by the means of break
ing the glass i'm the door. A guam
tity of cigarettes, cigars and con-
fectiOns were stolen. The Stur.
geOn Lake Garage was also en-
tered that night, unqueStiOnably>
by the same party. Entrance into
that place was gained I'm the same
manner by breaking the glass i'm
the front door and opening the
night lock. Nothing appeared
missing at the garage, however,
the thief apparently having been
frightened away by some one ap-
preaching. A young man driving
a REQ coupe and lettering around
town during the evening was SUI.
spected as being the guilty party.
Although the authorities were
given a good description of the
suspect no trace could be found
of him.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-11-22
NEAR FATAL MISHAP
OCCURRED AT DENHAM

An accident occurred last Wednes-
DAY that might have been fatal. John
Anderson and William Anderson were
loading wood in the yard. They HAD
partially unloaded a load when the
horses became frightened and started
off. William grabbed for the lines,
but succeeded in securing only one
line. While doing this he hung onto
one of the stakes. The stake broke
and he fell off the wagon behind the
horses. Some way or other his blazer
got caught on some nails under the
wagon and he was dragged for some
distance before the cloth gave way.
Mr.. Anderson fell off the wagon as
they were crossing the railroad track
F. L. Olson took Mr.. Anderson home
and DR.. Ehmke was called. No bones
were broken, but Mr.. Anderson was
confined to his bed for few days as
4 result of bruises and shock. Will
liam escaped with only few scratch
es although his shirt and blazer were
torn in shreds.