davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-03-04

knew Of many tricks by which a fire
could be 'nursed" for long time.
Then he figured that. II the blaze was
of incendiary origin 1t had in all prob
ability been started by prisoner with
a crouch Of some kind. 1t naturally
followed that the crouch would be
based on some grievance following pun
ishment for an infraction of the rules
So the deputy looked up the conduct
records tc find the men in the tailor
shop recently reported for rule viola
tions. culling out tho names of those
who had actually been punished
old Calamity was now ready for the
second step. Undoubtedly. he
thought. some mechanical instrument
had been used In starting the fire.
Where did prisoners usually carry such
contrabrand things? Why. attached TO
their bodies or their clothing. of course
Every prison screw" knows that. So
the deputy figured that 1t was possible
that some tcll-talc particle or odor
would be found sticking TO the clo: hing
Of the man who carried whatever ar
ticle or substance was used When the
chemist discovered candle wax sticking
TO the inside Of one leg OF Big Mikes
trousers. the deputy felt sure he was
on the track. Big Mike had carried q
candle strapped 10 his leg.
The next thing was to find out where
Mike got the candle as this might show
who his accompl!ces were. assuming. of
course. that he had any The mos,
logical source OF his supply was the
storeroom, where the candles were kent
They were used only in emergencies,
when the electric lights were off, and
they were promptly returned to the
storeroom afterwarc. So old Ca
lamity' asked the sto-eroom guard. the
guard who was on duty in the tailor
shop and two or three others who were
more familiar with Big Mikes prison
acquaintanccs than the rest whether
he seemed 10 BE- on particularly friend
ly terms with any one In the store
room. Two of the guards remembered
seeing Big Mike and Halloran together
on several occasions.
The deputy knew. Of course. that the
candle said to contain Hallorans fln-
gerprints was not the one which had
been used 10 start the tailor shop fire
But Halloran didn't know It. even
though he may have wondered that a
small bit OF candle could survive such
O. blaze. So he promptly confessed
after he thought Big Mike had told all
Evening star., 1928-03-04

have just received cablcgram from the
French meteorological ONCE telling OF a
reciprocal service they can start as soon
as We are prepared 10 receive IL. We
will be- supplied with so European re-
ports five times daily In turn, we are
sending them IS American reports twice
daily.
"I'HE French report will be sent
from a government station at
ISsy Moulinesux and will comprise de-
tails Of conditions At strategic points
all over Europe. We hope To make use
Of their digest Of weather conditions as
soon as possible, even though II Is not
as complete as we would like to have
H. Eventually, / hope 10 have their
daily report on conditions at 100 Euro
pean stations
Calvert Told Of difficulties IN finding
suitable wave length for sending The
reports from France. The naval radio
10 pick up their signals, either be-
cause OF insufficient power or inter
terence with the wave length. The de-
lay, however. Is expected 10 be teme-
died shortly. Advices from Paris state
that The American report is being re-
ceiyed distinctly and without delay.
by a very clever system" said Cal
"eft, we translate written words IN
dots and dasiss on strip OF paper
which, "hen riin through another
device. is broadcast according 10 the
International numerical code. In order
~ be sure that the information goes
out correctly. loud speaker 81 The
broafcaating end giYes a teiltale sound
tfppTt II mistake has bfen made
The operator fan correct II with a
Hsnd'op"fsted wireless key ~ is just
iiEe reading pfoDf Oh manuscript be-
iGFe il Is finally published
The United states In fortunately Sit
bated IS regards weather f0recasting
the clnniry H. extensive and spans n
continent. Weather stations on the
coasts and tnisnd are we'll organized
10 the nogtn our Weather Eursau
tlss maintained with Canada the most
cordial relations tnr half "A century.
Canadjan reports from The Mackenzie
River Valley have proved particularly
valuable " lis. 10 the south Mexico
H1tts fN va The movements NJ The
atmosphere, but its reports are not
nearly ~ necessary as the Canadian
| septrts
| ''Pecuilsr." added Calvert. hut Cana
olan government meieufOlOeists think
W Wueh ~ uE they transmit some Gf
tnfn ibf1matb,n to E1ffsio and Chi
caEo before IL reaches theH own head >
quarters, We. of course, Try ~ repa Y
! tifH for this c1irieky.
But The most VITAL area for iis ts The
Gun ~ Meklcn and the Caribbean Eea
; HERE u Is Inst The most violent biIfFtv
| csnek, storms and tHisisrs are matched
snd here IT II VIZ must Keep unreasing
gigii, We ere happy W have the kind
1o-operstAn Of CUBA. Haiti, Kingston,
Evening star., 1928-03-04

candle for him so that he could 50;
fire to the tailor shop you were nice
and obllging and got 1t for him. You
don't have to talk if you don't want 10"
he went on. as Halloran sat open
mouthed. Mike admitted 1t after he
saw had the goods on him
Fifteen minutes later Big Mike" sat
in the deputy's Office staring wide-eyed
at Hallorans written confession that he
had asked him to get candle to SET
the tailor shop afire. that he had duly
got 1t for him. and that the fire in the
shop was started the following night.
Old Calamity knew, before Mike broke
into a fury of curses and threats Of
vengeance against Halloran for squeai-
ing that the mystery was solved. And
now mythical DR.. Watson will come
forward and explain just how the trick
was done
The fact that the fire started several
hours after the men left the building
meant nothing to Old Calamity. as he
Evening star., 1928-03-04
Pen ExprsWh FcrO Anon ar SdkTe Plans Getaway
nT Hncv-Bu ute OuadeW World HcrLn Of Them

over to the foreman in charge Of the
laundry.
The next time the suits of these men
are washed" he told that Official bring
the ones they are wearing over to my
office Be sure that no one sees yoI
do it,
4 FEW weeks later 'trusty' among
the prisoners. who had been
noted chemist before he got into trou-
bic. spent day or two examining the
suits Of eight men. He used a magnify
ing glass. microscope and various
chemicals. and he seemed particularly
interested in few grease spots on thu
trousers worn by Big Mike" Masterson.
a train robber "doin' 1t all for pcev-
ishly killing mail clerk who was too
phleematic in turning over the regis
tered letters. The chemist reported his
findings to the deputy
Old Calamity listened with his usual
apparent indifference. He dismissed
tho prisoner. walked over to the store
room and held few minutes conversa-
ton with the guard in charge of that
department. Then he went back to
his office with candle which he had
obtained from the guard. He broke of
about an inch Of the candle. put the
large part in the drawer. lighted the
smaller part. allowed it to burn for c
moment or two and then blew it out.
Then he opened the windows and let
the smell of grease get out. after which
he rang the bu2zer on his desk and told
his secretary that he wanted to see
Blinky Ha!loran. who worked in the
Storeroom
When Halloran came in the deputy
let him Sit for five or six minutes with
out addressing a word to him. The lat
ter's eyes naturally drfted to the del-
uty's desk and fastened upon the small
bit of candle reposing on blottcr.
Without a word the deputy picked il
up. blottcr and all. and studied 1t for
moment or two. Then he inquired
pleasantly. "Halloran. how does 1t come
that your finger prints are on this cam
dle?" Halloran wet his lips. Why
hy-what?"--he started to inquire.
but Old Calamity cut him off
oh" he said. Il was wondering why
the remains of candle We found in
The tailor shop carried your finger
prints. Your duties don't bring YOU
anywhere near the candles. do they?"
In strained voice. which ouavered
in spite of himself. Halloran admitted
that they didn't.
4 thought not" said Old Calamity. |
- when Big Mike asked you to get a
Evening star., 1928-03-04

in July. 1902. when the Marccni Co.
Began 10 furnish CursrG liners with
forecasts by the Weather Bureau. In
1904 the hrcadcasting Of storm and
weather warnings became regular
function Of the Navy.
GRADUALLY the Navy has increased
IT'S weather hrcadcas,ins service,
II sends reports from Key West, Fla;
Great Lakes. III: San Francisco and
islands In the Caribbean Sea.
The first "nying" bulletin ever brad
cast was sent by the Weather Bureau
in June. 1921. This Was III response
10 demand iron, Army and Navy
ayiatcgS, The service today Is. %
course. available TO any pilot who
takes ths time 10 read tt, Once daily
Arlington sends detailed reports os
upper atmospheric conditions In each
cf six areas into which the eastern
half OF the country has been divided,
The heaviest and most persistent
demands made upon the Weather Ru-
reaU III recent years came frcM ~
,ential transatlantic nyerS" COMMENT
ed Calvert. Unfortunately. the great
ocean srac, Is not Observed With enough
detail ~ give information needed for
an accurate forecast. II tranSatlantle
hops become frequent We shall have to
start tsansccean,c nyinS weather
service"
The f,rSt weather map prepared &c
sea was ae<>sra the Red n Line. $. :,
Caracas, on rNecsmSsr |. 1905 The
map MAS ey Il c, kadel. all cfseial
eg the Weather Hur~au The wireless
operator gathered reports frcm steam
erS While the Caracas VAS IN q storm
on Cape HatteraS, Kaael plotted the
reports and predicted the ships wcald
es cut NJ the storm AREA nv mAsning.
Tcday weather marpinS an ships Is
common practice, The Weather Ru-
,ean supplies masters With special hASs
maps and the data are reeeived flxNn
egy,adeaStS ct naval stations and me-
Quently are selAyed fNrm ship t. Sasp
The tatmsrS wege ansca,s the last tc
prVfit hv radio Weather yessaytS E<>f a
leng tine they we've Handicapped be-
cauSe they could not deSnN,,eg the dot
cash ecSe, The University NJ Wis.
cousin paved the way IN iSsi hy giv~
Nns out the fttSt radNtelephta,e erysAd-
cast tcr the heneat NJ farmers tN<say
the service ts expanded te = remArkaele
aesree, There Is hardly cne c1 the
toa cr more h,<saJcaStr,S statloNs that
SneS NOT broadcast ~ least ca,e Weather
report daiN,
Evening star., 1928-03-04

Roosevelt issued a bulletin In 1904,
ordering naval stations to place their
facilities at the disposal OF the Weather
Bureau. In addition. all warshps
equipped with wireless were ordered to
make al least one daily weather report
and oftener when barometrc changes
indicated storm conditions The Navy
haa continued To serve the Weather
Bureau satisfactorily.
Soon the Lighthouse Board entered
into the scheme and arranged for radio
communication and storm warning dis"
plays at prominent off shore points
The nearest radio station would give
timely warning and the lighthouse
would erect suitable signals To guide
shipping,
Another event In the history of
broadcasing was the receipt ot the
nfkt observation taken on n ship and
sent to land station, That was from
the B. Il. New York on December 8,
1908.
In 1905 the vessel weather service
was on firm feet. Fifty ships were
sending In regular reports once daily,
aud they were relayed tn Washington
The first vessel on the Pacific 10 take
part IN this service was The S. Il. Presi-
dent. said To be- The only ship on that
'''' '"t'htnt 'i"t "tF Ni'''
wireless before 1907
Practical value of the ship radio aerv~
Ice Uhs demonstrated for The flrht time
August 26. 1909 when The steamship
Carriage sent out warning OF n hurfi"
cane near fucntan.
The vessel hrr,ice expanded rapidly
and soon included observation from,
freight rs well as passenger ships To-
day about 100 Atlantic and about 20
Pacific ships send regular reports 10
land stations The Government allows
them small charge for making th e
observations Certain companies. how
ever, prohibit their employees from fe-
teiVing money tor supplying weather
Information Ia the Weather Bureau.
The crying need of the Weather bu~
rrau," haid Calvert us a more con-
piete service from ships and inaccehhl-
bic places IN the Arctic, Weather has
no national allegiance. Cyclones pa
no attention IN boundary lines. A crit
ichi place ~ regards weather in ihia
country Is the vast polar areas We
are bending all our etfotts toward Ca
tablihhing more stations IN northern
Alaska, In this respect we are being
aided by the Canadian service which
haA seen NJ 10 establish radio stations
Evening star., 1928-03-04

found on the one corner Of the farm
where none of the new men had been
placed
What the deputy warden had done
vas simply 20 send out five or six men
who were notorious stool pigeons, and
who were known TO all the other
prisoners to be such. This convinced
the men in the plot who were unknown
to the deputy. that there had been a
leak of some kind The deputy warden
figured that one OF two things would
happen--cithcr the men in the plot
would become scared and abandon 1t
altogether. or they would note the un-
guarded portion of the prison farm and
change whatever plans they may have
made and have the guns planted" in
been satisfactory to "Old Calamity" as.
unknown to all the prisoners. he had
five or six guards go over the un-
guarded part OF the farm foot by foot
every night.
After the guns we're found the deputy
warden had them put back in the same
place and then stationed guard with
field glasses IN a citizens house oppo-
site the farm with instructions not to
take his eyes Oft that particular spot
In q few days one Of the farm gang
working in that vicinity suddenly
stopped. picked up the guns and put
them In his blouse. A few moments
later 2 very much surprised prisoner
handed the rods" over 70 the deputy
warden, thereby III all probability saw
ing the lives OF one or more OF the
screws"
II is seldom. however. that the prison
officials use known stool pigeons. as the
value OF stool pigeon Is in the same
ratio as his ability TO remain unSus-
p"cted by his fellow
Thus. when deputy warden wanted
to place a prisoner on the farm in order
to watch for some guns. he arranged
that the prisoner should complain OF
his health to his fellows and that he
should be examined by the doctor and
found 10 have Dad lungs.
The doctor recommended outdoor
work, so the deputy warden In this
roundabout way had him placed on thc
farm without arousing suspicion. His
trouble was well rewarded. One Sunday
afternoon was sitting with the deputy
on the porch OF his home on the prison
grounds when tho hunger" came up
ard exchanged a few casual words,
among them being I've got the guns"
AS YOU walk b., throw them In the
flower bed" the deputy said In mat
t@r-of-fact way. A few minutes later
Evening star., 1928-03-04

n that 6;sSolyes political boun-
"A caT.es. affects everybody. pre-
4 4 vents disaster and acts inS.an-
taneoisiy has established head
quarters IN Washington.
Edgar p Calvert, chief Of the fore
east division, u. S. Weather Bureau. has
for TIE first time repca.ed 10 the public
details 81 this international union
whose jurisdiction eZtendS from pole 10
pGle
II NAMED IT nigh. b. called zhe
Weather League of Nations. Its off,
c@rs are scattered In every CIVILIZED NOOK
on this giobc. Sessions are held daily
end reports are FLED with the rapidly
OF lightning
Uncle Sam. maintaining the largest
arc n7nS' cDnp.ete Weather Bureau. has
recfD'iy laken s,ep that is considered
ore u the mort fundamental in the
plan - metnorolog?sX for guarding
against climatic disasters
H!en On The frs. of .ast month the
Washington Weather Bureau fadi0ed
from Arlington station tne complete re-
ports o. - WIDELY scattered American
siatbJne and they we've received a. Eife!
Tower. Fafas. European n1et~ortloeista
tsnEec Uncle Gam most heartily,
"F0,." ezplainec Calvert "ai'iloupll
Europe ~!ll shortly fecipsocsle with
csijy report II conditions pn their SIDE
y Is more Necessary for them " knog
o1' "fanleF tnan for Us ~ know theirs
This IS Que W the rotation III the
earth. IN" general direction ~ winds
IL west ~ east, hence. weather travels
lIk@~ahf Wnst affects as nov viii sure
~ sNtcl 'il@m later, For i1s r. Is more
jny1ftant " EnG@ conditions " our
veal, D4' here ne are handicapped be-
csiihf ~ he "He Pacific Ocean Gtii!
We brt Hpt !noepfndent of Etirore ard
'nF!t Hts'tief lnnljlgfnoe VIII be great
H36 W American tpresss,e!s
II Government f9reeastNrs worked
Independently etfcifnt Wor. would ke
almost inp2se.3,e Politically. nations
Hlsy be incepenoent. bu ,ntAfdepend i.
eiIne must exist Ia our weather rels-
tlDl9E
t<Dn.etlinHs the most uuishal,jt4d ii
areas ere fuost important from our
vsexpGint ~ wit GbIthaestffn Canada
Most ~ ouf tolc waves 1GIae from that
~eGftsi direction aHd oIi IL weather
klsilGns in ti3st sfes are G1tpgsfs of the
greatest importance
The YsSt scheme ~ intHfnstb tb3f,sI
Hestber exchange that Is rapidly being
perfected H. founded On the ungeifsn'
nesa ~ melAof0logieto one government
rarely psys sDo'bef fOT weather infof-
nation Payment ia inevitably madt
~ith som" reciprpcsi arrangement.
nlgn, riIh our agreement win France
For 50 years 1e nsd an exchange 0l
weather information on what ~as
Known AZ the kneo, Bulletin. This serv'
ion We haze expanded tremendously.
Evening star., 1928-03-04

complete Far Eastern report is radioed
10 San Francisco daily through ar
rangemert with the Philippine weather
Serv:ce. This includes intelligence from
Chine. Japan. Korea and many OF ths
nei:hboring islands.
What the modern weather service
means to shippers can hardly be esti-
mated" said Calvert Before ships
were equipped with wireless the only
means Of warning their masters OF ap-
preaching storms was by giving the bull
letins before they LEFT port and by the
display Of shore lights and flags, To-
Gay they may pick up any one OF q
number of daily weather reports and be
warned immediately"
The flrs, application Of radio COM
munication To storm warning work was
Evening star., 1928-03-04
BY JOSEPH PULLING FISHMAN.
Former Federal Prison Inspector and
Penotogist.


~ NE night a few years ago the
main shop building Of a
prison in the Middle West was
completely wrecked by fire.
The blaze was first noticed by
the ward screw" at about o'clock In
the evening. two and a half hours after
the men had gone into the mess hall
fer supper and at least two hours after
they had been locked in for the night,
Since 4:So. therefore. no prisoner had
been in the burned shop building. The
% or so prisoners let out OF their cells
t. fight the blaze did heroic work and
several OF the newspapers commented
editorialiy on the fact that II was lucky
for the inmates that the blaze started
when 1t did. as il showed concluSivcly
that the fire could not have been Of in
cendiary origin.
But the blaze had scarcely been put
out before Old Calamity tthe deputy
wardcn> began doing some detective
work of the kind constantly going on
III every prison in the world, II is done
quietly and efficiently: It never gets
into the newspapers and II remains un-
heyalded and unSung by the public at
large, but in its cleverneSs and ingenuity.
its intelligence and Judgment, its sheer
fcictionieSS competence, II is far SUI
pcrior 10 the quality Of work displayed
by the vast majority Of detectives "on
the outside" and, what is more TO the
point. its percentage Of successes is very
much higher.
In this particular instance "Old
Calamity was not at all fooled. He
wasn't sure that the blaze was started
by prisoner But neither was he in
clined 10 give the prisoners the benefit
Of the doubt. unjust as that may seem.
;.e was too old dep" for that: too
l.rison-wise and too experienced in the
.rayS of iai!bir5s In prison, If it looks
Ike ii is. then il amt" was the max
I'm which guided him in all his actions.
Old Calamity" went UP to the record
clerks Office 10 look over the conduct
records OF every one of the $50 prison.
ers employed in the burned shop. OF
the $50 about IS had been reported
within the last month for various in
fractions Of the rules, OF this number
FIVE or six had been excused with a rep
rlmand; the remainder had been pun
ished. II was this remainder in which
the deputy was particularly interested
at the moment. He wrote their names
down on slip of paper. Then he went
Evening star., 1928-03-04

Trinidad. the Barbados and the vir-
gin Islands.
During the hurricane season. June
10 November we take added precautions
To protect shipping and Southern cities,
In order 10 warn In time Of disasters
such as the last Florida hurricane.
We receive 10 daily reports from
Cuba. Is from Mexico and about 20
from island points.
ON the Pacific side We receive radio
advices from Japan. China. Honolulu.
Manila and numerous ships. We are
Obliged TO Uncle Sans Warships, too.
for much information. But the diaad-
vantage OF consistently using the Nays
ships Is that they frequently are tied
up IN port for lengthy periods. Their
fuel budgets don't permit frequent long
cruises.
THE weather bureaus 0f the world
owe the United States Navy countless
thanks fUf lis courtesy IN htoadcast-
ing reports from stations on the Pacific
and Atlantic Coasts Some foreign
hapies deaereve the same credit. The
great mass II American reports are
sent from the Arlington station, which
Is under the command Gf Capt T.. r.
Craven, in charge Of naval communi-
cations "
IHT weather Euffau was lnf pioneer
aHrhcy 0f the Government 10 make use
81 radio. Fully 20 years ago II f0rebaw
'hr possibilities nf this medium IN
connection with warning signals To
ships and inaccessible inland points
In fact. less than year after Mar
cont successfully sent his first Wlrcleak
message across the English Channel, IN
1899, the United States Weather Huv
ieau employed PROT Reginald A Fes-
kenden, Western University 0f Pennsyl-
yhnis, 10 conduct experiments with
radio waves, Special stations were es-
tabiished ht itaiteraE and lt0anoke
Island, n, e., AZ miles apart. the inter
vening space being water After long
experimentation Prof tcsaenden de
yel0pef and patented devices which
were used IN wireless fGf q number of
years. Only The Weather Bureau was
Entitled tn n tree nse ~ These inven~
lions Other Government bureaus tried
IN vain 10 have use III Prof. tessenden'a
devices
G00H the experimentation became too
~ technical and involved for the
Weather Bureau and u was laken over
ny ths Army and Navy. President
Evening star., 1928-03-04
Going Back to Palestine.

About $4,000 Jews have emizrated
from various parts Of the world 10
Palestine since 1920. says the Path
finder Magazine. Most Of them have
thus far been from Europe: nearly 50
per cent of them from Poland alone.
In 1924 the head Of the Zionist move
ment announced that the Jews were
going to Palestine ct the rate Of 1000
a month. The number going from the
United States is comparatively small.
In 1925 less than 600 went from here.
According to the census Of 1922. the
total population Of Palestine was
$4,000. Only about $4,000 OF these
were Jewish.
Evening star., 1928-03-04
The Republican Elephant.

The elephant as the symbol OF the
Republican party originated with
Thomas Nash. a famous cartoonist.
says the Pathfinder Magazine. II Is
said he received his inspiration from
an article In the New York Herald
describing the escape Of some animals
from the local zoo Harper's Weekly
published cartoon by Nash on No
vember Z, 1874 in which the Repuo-
llcan party was represented as an eie-
phant. that anirna! being regarded as
the symbo! OF strength.
Evening star., 1928-03-04
Development Against Prob
lens Presented World Wide
Come From Canada

,.nr5pcan red.c reports first we're re-
eal,er h~re August Is. 1922
Before the World War Russia and
Siberia cabled observations 10 this
country. This service ceased during the
war and has not yet been resumed. A
Evening star., 1928-03-04

at critical points. OF course. their oo-
seryations ara free 10 us
The first radio report tn Europe from
this country was Ia France. on January
II. 1919 II replaced the cable service.
which had been used for long time.
Evening star., 1928-03-04

thssn said, King ef the Aeatas. Is an
enemy M hohaed haR, Although he
tetraMed tscm tNelading the Nclssen
barber teuna guilty et elipgNs,g q wcn-
ans leeSs should hs sent d YAH or
aned
Evening star., 1928-03-04
Weather Reports Exchanged by Nations Cover Great Area

A NAMELESS league OF nations
n that cisSolyeS political boun-
"A 6artes. affects everybody. pre-
4 vents disaster and acts instan-
fzreciiki~ has established head