Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-06-26
BACKGROUND OF EVENTS
BY PAUL y. COLLINS.

tusl defense Of independence and
liberty
out of the World War came the solu-
ton expressed in a League of Nations
to make war against insubordinate ma
subsection. as world dictator, repub-
lican in form. but dominated by the
great powers, and frankly subjugator
Of national independence.
To millions who were sick Of wars
havoc, the Leagues proposed dictation
seemed better than q repetition Of world
anarchy and bloodshed. Anything that
promised to maintain world peace, even
il the world still had to fight for it.
seemed better than war. How sick was
civilization, hled white with warl
From France. the greatest sufferer.
came a proposal In 1927 that France
and the United States should bind
themselves by treaty never to 90 to war
TO settle any differences. and that pro-
poSal has been made as broad as the
world itself by Secretary Of State KEEL
logg. II it be well that peace be main
tanned between two nations. IL Is pro-
portionately better, as argued by Secre-
tary Kellogg. that II be maintained be-
tween the so nations of the world.
With the growth of independent
states or kingdoms or republics, o.
theoretical equality OF rights. there has
been bull. up the system of modern
diplomacy. and this diplomacy has en-
couraged secrecy o. its agreements, as
fundamental to its efforts. Hence. to
overreach other nations has been the
acme of diplomatic success TO a large
degree, and II place Of broad lines.
for the greatest good to the world
there have been efcrts 70 gain advsn-
tage. even az the risk OF diplomatic
friction-too often ending in hostil-
ties, Secret diplomacy brought jeal-
ousies-and wars.
1t is pointed out that the frst 'mul-
tilateral treaty" OF modern times was
signed in lSS3-the Geneva treaty on
which the worlds Red Cross service
to the wounded on the hattlefelds vas
safeguarded by all nations. Thus il
Is only three-Quarters Of q century
since the beginning Of the organization
of civilization upon humanitarian lines.
There have been some 90 others since
then-such as the postal treaty, the
copyright treaty. etc.
The foundation of 90 per cent OF in
ternational law is made up OF treaties
whether bilateral or multilateral. Up
to near the close of the eighteenth
century practically all modern treaties
related TO war and suhiugation OF the
weaker nations. Humanitarian worlG
treaties are still novel.
xx
II is not the purpose of the present
treaty to change diplomatic practice
except TO take away the weapon OF
war; the evils referred to have been
partly amended since the World War.
But the kellogg treaty is more like
a cartel than general alliance amonS
nations, for it limits its provisions 70
one specific thing-abolishing war as
a national policy--and leaves the high
parties" just as they were.
in all other respects, War has long
been blamed upon the failure or the
of diplomacy. now IL Il to
be taken entirely out Of the hands OF
diplomats
Diplomacy and not national defense
Is to be disarmed. There is no proposal
in this multilateral treaty 70 reduce
armies and navies; that viii come In
natural process after It Is found by
experience of years that they can be
safely reduced. As has been expressed
in other lines. leaving an umbrella a.
home does not lessen the rain, but Il
for q long period 1t ceases 70 rain, one
becomes Indifferent TO persistence in
carrying an umbrella, That course
is predicted as 60 maintaining means
Of safe defense DiSarm the diplomat
war-producers and there will be found
means. through arbitration without
war. TO settle all differences between
the organised nations OF civilization
@&&
Quoting from Prof Pitman =. Pit
terS book. AN Introduction to the
Study OF International Organization;
standing between empire and cos
We have International or
SANITATION which takes the national
state as q permanent unit and exlSertS
neither its Suhjugation nor It's dlSap-
pearance by the Suhlimation og It's ele-
mentS, International organization pr
ceedS by the voluntary corporation OF
separately organised nations
II and when nationality hoses its grfr
on man, both coSmopolitaniSm and en-
pire viii be possibilities 20 be reckOaed
with, As things now stand people will
not. IL they have the power b prevent
IL consent % an alien domination; and
they cannot, 81 long rs human pSyrhSl-
ogy and culture Il what Il Is tOaay,
forget their national kinShiES and na-
tional traditions IN universal NTptheg-
hood
Since the independents Of the tTalsed
States Was achieved and oar CCNASsi.
tuition adopted, two greNt pleaMNseS
have been held SacrNd in AMefkaM
heartS~~the preamble az the Deesaga.
ton Of Independence and that az the
r,saaN third pa~AMNse
M thrilling aud egssehal stENssseNNee
may he added, aAnNuNctng What tNN
time has ceme see a fsank reNuAesaesNN
M var A. an MstsaMeAt AZ NAseNaAl
pellcSss'