Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-16

put it.
No one thought it strange. therefore,
that along with his propaganda for Suf-
folks future he should carry on an ex-
inaustive study of the coast and the ad-
and took soundings. In his automobile
Re explored every road of Importance.
lie took many photographs. made
numbarless sketches: and his maps
were expert and detailed.
The bay window in his study looked
out over the sea toward Europe and at
night fishermen for miles off the coast
knew when DR.. Leibrand was at wOlS
by the light of the powerful electro
lamp over his desk. He could even have
signaled to them if he wished by switch
ang his light on and OF.
THROUGHOUT Great Britain. usually
near some naval base, other men
and women were engaged in pursuits
that seemed to have not the slightest
connection with DR.. Liebrands. In
Portsmouth, for instance, a Dane was
writing the British chapter of book
on the navies of the world and con-
scientiously trying to get as close to his
material as he could.
Along the Southampton docks sailcr
who had left a Dutch freighter was
working as freelance stevedore. For a
manual laborer he seemed Studious
chap. and spent many of his evenings
writing in his room in sailors lodging
house.
In the household of a member CT
Parliament personable young woman
acted as a Swiss governeSs. She spoke
several languages, had brains, and was
90 we'll UP on politics that it was a
pleasure to talk to her; which Is what
many a young parliamentary did who
visited the family.
Travelling statesmen for Swedish can
neries and for Dutch cigarmakers
covered the length and breadth of Eng
land. Two sisters" in vaudeville danced
their way into the condolences Of many
o young naval officer. A photographer
for Franco-Belgian newspaper syndi-
cate was industrious along the Channel
coast.
And so it went.
Germany, of course. was not the only
government to have spies abroad in
those piping times of peace. In the
North Sea not far from the Kiel Canal
loafed little pleasure craft manned by
two young Englishmen apparently In
terested only in deep-sea fishing. In
ICED in custom clothes for German off,
GERS. In Berlin, in every other impor-
isn't German city and in many place
which to a civilians eye seemed Of little
Importance men and women were lead
ing obviously respectable lives, strictly
nninding their own business; but 1t was
business which the signs on their
doors did not reveal. .-@
In England IL was the task of Scot
land Yards special branch" and Of the
secret services of the admiralty and OF
the army to look out for foreign spies at
work in the United Kingdom. We may
take it for granted that in a general
way they knew there were such spies.
Fer who does not know that in every
country of Importance at any given time
there are spies at work for every other
country?
But it looked as If the British secret
services were asleep; for up to the Sum-
mer of 1914 arrests in England for
espionage were few and far between.
THEN late in June a young man in
Serajevo, in Bosnia, fired his re-
volver at the heir to the throne of Aus
tria-Hungary and killed him and his
wife. The shots awoke reverberations
grew. The skies darkened. The Kaiser =
yacht races were suddenly abandoned
and the guest squadron Of the British
feet discreetly faded from the scene
Then with the first days of August the
BIC guns began ard the world was in
deed shaken.
Whereupon in ENGLAND, without
warning, DR.. Leibrand and the dancing
sisters, the Danish historian and the
Southampton stevedore, the Swiss gov
erness and the travelling statesmen found
themselves caught up like so many eels
IN net and taken to Scotland Yard
Twenty-Five professional spies and scores
OF their accomplices were quietly-very
Quietly-Sent off to internment camps.
It is commonplace in the technique
OF spy-hunting that even after you
have learned of a spy in your bailiwick
1t pays to give him certain amount
of rope. Without letting him know,
you keep your eye on him. You shadow
him and those with whom he con-
sorts. With the cooperation of the
postal authorities you steam open his
letters and read his kilograms; then
you let them proceed to their destina-
ton.
In this way the special intelligence
service--the name fol The secret serv-
ices of the admiralty the army and
Scotland Yard combiifed at the out
break of the war-acquired a working
knowledge Of the literary style, so to
speak, Of every German spy in Eng
land, his or her real name and code
number; who their correspondents
W; which "canneries' and "cigar
factories" in Sweden, Holland, Belgium
or Switzerland were really divisional
headquarters of the German secret
service, which spies used invisible inks
and what chemical reagents would
bring out the writing and much other
knowledge useful to special intelli-
gence."
When, therefore, the first spies were
sent of to internment camp, the Brit
tsh secret service, was enabled to keer
IN sending letters and cables abroad
as If the German spy system in Eng
land were still functioning with its
one-tirne smoothness and thoroughness
That was why special intelligence
was so modest about the scoop it hac
made; it did not want the news te
reach No. 70 OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES ir
Berlin, headquarters for the secret
service of the German empire.
"A ND for some time Berlin did no
"A know what had happened. Their
it was shocked to learn that a whole
British army had been assembled, ship
ped across the English Channel ant
landed on the Continent before tht
German high command knew anything
about It.
:. was only then that Berlin realized
she no longer had spy organization
in England, and 1t did not require
astuteness on the part Of the British
secret service to figure out that before
long Observation-Disclosures would b;
sending new spies in the place of thos'
anterned.
They would have to be spies OF {
different caliber, however, for the pen
atty for being caught would be differ
ent. A peace time spy gets severa
years In prison. But once war is de