Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-08-12
PROBLEM OF WING ICE PARTLY
SOLVED BY AIR BOARD TESTS
National Aeronautics Advisers Find Tenn
perature and Weather Ranges at Which
Freezing Is Most Encountered.

more below a. In these conditions the
formation of Ice was again found. SINH
lar in some ways but in general very
different from the, condltions Al %
degrees This appears as torna!ion
of softer ice or snow along the leading
edges of the exposed parts. the guam
titv is considerably less as there appears
to be less adherence to the parts OF Inc
airplane and the action OF the WIND APP
nesrs 10 not only cut them down In
quantity. but also TO form a better
streamline shape which has lesser m
crease in drag. If any at all.
A number of means of prevention or
removal of this ice formation have been
suggested and many have been tried,
although the results of such trials are
far from completion These include
methods Of heating the affected parts,
the oiling or greastng OF the parts 70
reduce the tendency Of the Ice to adj
here TO the surfaces and the impregna :
ton OF this oil or grease with chemI-
cal which would unite with the water
to form solution having a lower
freezing point
THE oiling or greasing OF the wings
being the most simple eXpedient," Car
roll and McAvoy state, has been most
frequently tried and it's efficacy does
not appear from the history Of its
trial 10 be of any value. AS matter OF
fact. evidence is found OF opinions that
II fastened the formation Of the ice.
The method Of oiling cannot be con-
sidered seriously these students Of the
question maintain. in view Of reported
evidence and experimental information
in which ice has been observed in q
thick coat over q large area Of oil on
the fuselage which was deposited acct
dentaliy by leakage from the engine.
Heat from Engine.
Heating the surfaces appears possible
nv piping the exhaust from the engine
through the leading edges OF the wing
/ This method, however. apparently has
promise only In the case Of a cantileVer
noonoplane or OF such other structure
+ having a minimum Of exposed parts. II
is held On the other hand IT. Is felt
/ that where the leading edge alone II
+ heated and the rest OF the wing not
such device might only prevent thc
forma ton along the leading edge,
1t il the conclusion Of Carroll and
/ McAV0y In this preliminary report on
the question that when Reformation
conditions must be encountered. II IL is
/ possible 10 rise 10 A higher, colder atti-
Jude they may be avoided almost as vel
altitude This alternative avoidance hal
The obvious disadvantage that II vii
not be effective after the formation o
ice has progressed 10 any degree. per
haps If il has begun at all. but 1t hal
the greater advantage In that highe
and colder attitudes are always avail
aDie whereas lower and warmer alti
tudes might not exist. AS In the cas'
where the ground temperature is below
81 degrees.
The recommendation 0f Carroll ans
McAvog for the guidance Of those WIN
must encounter ice-forming condition.
appears to lie entirely along the line
of their avoidance" For the informa
ton Of the pilot temperature ther.
mometef Of a distance type should b'
installed IN all airplanes, indicating
from remote bulb" on strut oI
wing Of the airpiane the temperature 81
the surrounding atmosphere He MAJ
then be guided 10 avoid the combination
Of conditions which produce the greater
hazard