Evening star., 1928-03-18
ERA OF NEW DIPLOMACY
SEEN DAWNINC In WORLD
Italian Veteran Declares Understanding
and Sympathy Will Replace Old
Selfish Nationalsms.
BY COUNT CARLO SFoHZA.


to write about diplomacy and dip
lonatS. Was I not handicapped
having been a diplomat myself FOL
years.
Handicapped because careers anc
esFStes which impress upon their mem
RHrs kind OF common mark-soldiers
priest. 6iplomatS-maSe il difficult fol
C1e Of them to describe and discuss
freely his own group, as from on out
Sldsr's point of view.
But perhaps II is not so difficult fo'
r,e to speak with mental freedom. il,
s0ite Of nv many years Of diplomatic
life. as / have been minister for for
e!en affairs. which means that have
used diplomats and instruments for ac-
tions OF my own. and also that l have
been able 10 judge them from another
angle
Moreover. although not yet an old
man. my young years as attache. fresh
from the university. have already such
an antiQuated favor that they give me
the impression Of having seen quite
another age.
Advice Given at Outset,
have never forgotten the old retired
Ambassador who told me in Roman
drawing room the very evening the
papers had announced my appointment
as an attsche: What is important. my
boy, in young attache is to make
correct wax seals with a good circular
border of half an inch ana to arrive at
the end of written line without ever
cutting word III two. even II the WORD
be as long as Constantinopolitan They
are beginning to cut words now. but 1t
IS really such bad formi" And the poor
Ambassador sighed at the corruption Of
the new era and at the loss of manners.
When one hearS-as one often does
SO many sound criticisms and so many
foolish ones about diplomacy and diplo-
mats, one simply ought TO remember
this: A diplomat is much more useful
when he avoids dangers and complica-
tions than when he does valuable work
in the midst of a grave crisis, when his
name will be quoted often in spectacu-
lar headlines,
When he avertS danger before 1t Is
quite realized by public opinion. at that
Yer. moment he creates a necessity for
silence around his name and his work
This moral duty--not TO boast OF his
ouu work. but to let the public remain
which he was faced and leave TO his
nation or to his government the full
advantage of a success obtained in
distant erlbaSsy-this. and this alone
constitutes what is really noble in the
diplomatic life. All the rest, the APP
parent honors the rank, the social in
f7uence. are mere shibbolethS for Sec
oro-rate people.
Way 10 Succeed Shown.
vii even state this as a funda-
mental law Of diplomacy: The diplomat
must. Of course, succeed in negotia-
ton. but he must try TO succeed with
out TOO much eclat. A too noisy success
is frequently dangerous in diplomatic
life. II is possible in this way 10 wound
a former adversary even more than by
concessions extorted from him. II is
this discretion in success that will cre-
ate lasting position for an Amhassa-
oO-.
A great Ambassador must always re-
mind his own government OF truth
that governments are frequently apt To
forget. and Ii is this: That there is no
lasting success IL there Is no loyal and
voluntary support from both parties.
The two greatest diplomats of the
first half OF the nineteenth century.
Prince Won Metternich OF Austria and
Prince de TalleyTand Of France. never
forgot this supreme truth AS an Italian,
I felt. Of course. rather preiudiced
against the Austrian diplomat, whose
aim had been 10 keep the Italy Of my
ereat-srsndpale lents divided and en-
Slsyed. When. however. I read his
memoirs, was struck by this powerful
remark concerning Bonaparte after his
success at Tilsit:
The peace Of Tilsif,'' wrote Meter
nicn. contributed great deal toward
shaking the force Of Napoleon. because
ne. the victor. had imposed too hard
and exaggerated conditions"
TeiIeyrand. the great French adver-
sary-and partner-o; Metternich went
even farther, A century before the
French German negotiations OF Lo-
csrglo. which at last brought real peace
70 the bloody Rhine. he seems 70 have
forseen the corrections Of the Versailles
treaty. which took place on the bor-
0erB Of the Swiss lake
What" he wrote, lis treaty i'm
posed by force? Nothing more than
sort Of military capitulztion II is
temporary aYmiStice between two eZ-
tauGted parties which remain enemies
in their hearts The only real treaty
Of peace is tlle treaty which. by set
ting al the matters Of dispute. sue
ceeds In substituting not only peace for
var but friendship for hate.
This Is Of course an ideal difficult 10
attain. know but three examples With
the exception Of Loca rnO. In recent Dip
j0gnssic history. TWO are previous TO the
treaty Of Versailles. the first one Is
Bismarck stroke Of genius when. haY-
ing vznauishe Austria IN 1855, he for
bsIe his Eoilenzoliern King and all his
PrsSsian generals 10 take an inch %
Austrian territory. He vas. At the mo-
rent considered almost as a traitor In
Prussia. But b. his decision alone we're
lsld the foundations of the Triple ALI
snce. wherein Germany making an ally
~ Austria. gained the power U estab-
lish for 30 years her hfaemony oFer
continental Europe
T;1e second eZsmple. is the British
peace with TrsnsYaai
Italian Border Treaty.
The ,har6 one Is after Versailles and
bef0Te Locarnp. and IL is The treaty of
peace by which, a. Eapailo succeeded
3n gaining her natuYa! Alpine frontiers
foY Italy However. ! cid not gain them
through saolfnle. but by q friendly
agreement with the Jugoslsys with
whom ] nare, On the same day We
signed the treaty. q diplomatic ai!is nce
6esi2nsc " PIT sn End ~ the long
no1blesoEne questions between Italy and
.JUgoslsf!a
Ia yestefcsYs tiplomscy four things
we're essential. they are going ~ be
even more necessary tomorrow.
one have already mentioned: Self
SEseemeTt
The others are pas tfop De zeIe~-
m. mo muCn sal~to Uae famous
Tslleyysn1 phrase, sincerity. and re-
sisas nee ~ YsyeE of passion be they
frorG sTistocrStlc cogTts oT from denz =
Rog.c 6ictEtGFsnipF
Msy J dare " say ibst the recent
Vrsuoo- American diplomatic exchange
~ notes toy "putls@lug #ar' pfers a
stYting fZsmp!f ~ hoB dangerous II ID
10 anticipate WitD en- eEreSs IL zesI
events End s3tUallGEkY / Snl afFaje
tlsst II ~ BRAND really hG.Sec when ~
fIret stsfte6 The discussion - tighter
rYencn ties with Amefica he EiaGe 4
mistake ~" situation cannot ~