davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

Greek physician who died in 200 A. D.
He dominated medical thought for fifteen CEN
turies just firmly Aristotle dominated other fields
of knowledge.
Calen was great man in his day. But his knowl-
edge limited and many of his ideas were errone-
But all his ideas, the wrong ones as we'll as the
right ones, held sway for fifteen centuries.
Galen corrected the erroneous idea which had
been held by the physicians of the Alexandran school
concerning the arteries. They believed that the
arteries contained air.
He demonstrated that the arteries contained blood
He also noted differences in the blood in the ar
teries and the veins.
But he made the mistake of imagining that there
were two separate SYSTEMS in the body and that the
arteries formed one and the veins the other
It is surprising that he missed the fact of the cir
cuation Of the blood for he made careful study Of
the heart.
He recognized the existence of the valves in the
heart. But for some reason he failed to recognize tn
heart as pump.
Galen believed that the network Of arteries CEN
tered about the heart but that the network of veins
had its origin in the liver.
Galen apparently believed that there was a sort of
pulsation going in the arteries and veins sort of
ebb and flow He failed to recognize that there was
a real circulation of the blood
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
BRIDGE ME
ANOTHER
(Copvright, 1928, by The Ready Ref
erence Publishing Company
BY w. w. WENTWORTH

authorizations: A--ace; K-king; O.
queen: Jack; X-any card lower
a SSUME that east has bid dia-
N monds and the declarer has
finally won the contract with a bid
of three hearts. Examine the FOL
lowing illustration:
West holds: Spades, A K; hearts,
A x x x; diamonds, x; clubs, j
xxx Xxx.
East holds: Spades, x x x;
hearts, x; diamonds, A K @ K K x;
clubs, x x x.
West, of course. has the opening
lead.
Although east has bid diamonds,
west should not open the singleton
diamond. He should lead the spade
Ace first, and then the spade x which
will be won by the declarer. Declarer
will undoubtedly lead trump and
west will win the trick with his
heart Ace. Then west should lead
the singleton diamond which east
will overtake.
East will probably win the next
trick at diamonds and then lead a
spade which west will trump. Game
is prevented by this procedure.
This refers to the singleton lead
at trump play. At no trump, the
singleton lead is seldom justif1able.
downright 1928 by the Ready Reference
Publishing Company
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Desire for Peace

In one respect international peace
is travelling a beaten path. Having
reached the form of world wide de-
sire, it is now made articulate
through the Kellogg Treaty.
The problem of translating it into
action, Of developing it as basic
conviction, remains to be solved.
There are millions of people who
regard this as impossible, even
though they would like to see it
come to pass. These millions are
victims of tradition. Their sceptic-
ism is rooted in the thought that
nothing of the kind was ever done
before.
They doubt the workability of
this agreement for exactly the same
reason that farm hands doubted
the workability of Fulton's steam
boat, that most people doubted the
workability of flying machines until
the Wrights convinced them they
were wrong.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Selfish for Opinions

Watertight minds can always find
reason for disbelief in any in
novation, especially if they are
moved by selfish interests Selfish
interests do not necessarily depend
on the dollar and cent viewpoint.
Men have been selfish for the sake
of family pride, religion and custom.
They have been selfish, indeed, for
the sake of their own opinions.
There are people who would like
to see this treaty fail because they
have committed themselves to the
proposition that war is inevitable
and do not want to be proved false
prophets in the eyes of their fellow
men. Others would like to see it
fail for purely business reasons.
Still others would like to see it
fail, because they have been taught
the profession of arms and look up
on its pursuit now as legitimate, but
glorious, as for the great majority
of people, they merely hope.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Testing Out the Courts
Iurts all one-Way streets i?

Are the courts all one-way streets?
That's what the American Civil Liberties Union
has set out to discover.
citizen is supposed to violate peace and order
by standing around where he is not wanted-pickeng
they sometimes call it-and he is arrested. In court
he is found to have been beaten up by the officers.
So he is sentenced to Jail for long term and fined
a big sum and put under bonds for thousand dol
lars, etc, etc.
That's all an old story
But suppose citizen who has not violated any
law and is acting within his rights under the Con-
stitution, is grabbed by in uniform called a
policeman and is hauled and mauled and locked up
and given bum trial and unreasonable sentence.
what then? Has he no rights? No remedy?
1t is the theory of our law that nobody-not even
parliamentary do injury or injustice to limo
person without involving legal consequences. A
policeman must act within the law or he is violator
of the law. AS vioator of the law he is committing
assault and is liable for damages His employer or
bondsnan is liable for damages All that is necessary
is to bring suit for false arrest assault etc. ETC.
"An SOS your old man." is the popular answer
to all that. go try it,"
Which is an intimation that the courts are just
for the rich and the strong; that they are one-way
streets
The Liberties Union proposes to try out such
questions as how many strikers can picket at the
same time; whether talking singing is a breach
of the peace; and whether meetings on private prop
erty can be forbidden and raided by the police.
If the courts to be used exclusively by en-
ployers to defeat strikes regardless of personal liberty
the sooner it is openly admitted the better.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Higher Peace Step

No one can review the circum-
stances and events by which the
civilized world was led up to this
treaty, the Hague Tribunal, the
World War, the Covenant of the
League of Nations, the Locarno
Pact and the disarmament con-
ferences, without realizing that we
are being driven relentlessly toward
some kind of an agreement among
the nations by which they can
mobilize and crush am member of
the family that attempts to break
the peace.
The sixty-two governments and
autonomous states which form the
family of nations are in exactly
the same position as tribal chiefs
who meet to renounce hostilities
and arrange a truce for the sake
Of general peace, and just as those
tribal chiefs would be heading
toward the formation of a state,
they are headed toward the develop
ment of some common power
through which worldwide reign
Of law and order can be enforced.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
SAYS:

TINE treaty renouncing war has
4 been signed. To my mind this
is one of the greatest events since
the birth of Christ. Cynics say that
we should wait and see how it turns
out. That is exactly what cynics
said in Jerusalem 1900 years ago.
When big new idea is born you
do not have to wait for its maturity
to understand that it is big and
new.
Suppose this treaty will be bro
ken, what does that prove? Sup
pose, though it repudiates war, it
will have to be sustained by war,
wherein is its promise Of good be-
lied? One can admit that it is
easier to make an agreement than
to keep it, and still find reason to
rejoice
No matter what happens, the ma
tions have gone on record as willing
to try something different, some
thing that they lacked the hearth
hood to try before. That in itself
is a triumph.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
One Unspoiled Spot

There is to be, in this country, one unspoiled spot
Part of Mount Rainier National Park now will
dernesS, will be kept forever a wilderness. No roads
will be built. No hotels will be permitted.
Access will be only for those willing to walk or
ride horseback; only for those who long for sences
and untouched beauty and will not violate them.
When mans soul is sick from the utilities and
Illustrations OF life the clash and compromise and
turmoil how shall he live if there not places like
these where he may learn strength and serenity?
One wilderness for this great Nation is not enough
There are millions of people here who will never be
able to go to Mount Rainier If there be places in the
Eastern mountains and those OF the South not yet in
vaded by commerce and the crudties of civilization let
the national park department these also and
keep them they are-havens where hurts of life
may be healed. 1t could do no greater service.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
War to End War

Though we made a bad guess
when we said we entered the last
war to end war, the idea was right.
ParadoXical as it may seem, we poor
mortals never have been able to
repress any form of violence except
through violence.
Just as we have found this par
ticularly true with respect to muir
derers and thieves, so we shall ind
it true with respect to those leaders
who would wage war against the
will of the world.
The very act Of repudiating war
means war, though for higher
object.
Hitherto, people have fought for
national peace. From now on they
can fight for international peace.
The game has been changed from
one of high class banditry to one
Of protection through police power.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

One who has even a slight
knowledge Of farmer psychology
finds it difficult to believe that
any considerable number of
American farmers, this year, will
be found supporting Governor
Smith, the early protege and now
the proud chieftain of Tammany
Hall, for the presidency of the
United States.
There is something so neon
gruous in such a combination that
it Immediately presents the
thought of an imposSibility. 1t
would be too much like the Anti
Saloon Leagues electing a brewer
for its president, or a women's
sewing circle naming prize fight
er as its leader.
For however greatly Al Smith
may wish to obtain the farm vote
and however honestly, even, he
may desire to help agriculture, his
whole life has been out of touch
and out of sympathy with the
farmer and his problems, and so
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Times Readers Voice Viez0S

The name and address of ne author
must accompany every CONSTRUCTION. put
on request will not be published. Let
tiers mot exceeding 200 words will receive
preference.
Editor Times - The Times on
Saturday published the following:
Angola, Ind, Aug. 25.-Devedop-
ments in one Of the most sensa-
tional death mysteries in Indiana's
history started Wednesday when
the charred body of man was
found in the ruins of a barn
burned near Fremont, are:
Resignation of Charles thinner
man, Steuben County sheriff.
Attacks on newspaper men in
vestigating the case by a deputy
of Zimmerman.
Identification of a revolver
found in the dead mans car as
the property of Zimmerman,
Zimmerman quit at the request
of Judge c. c. Carlin of the Steu-
ben-La Grange Circuit Court. The
Judge announced he acted to
meet public opinion and to pro-
tect the Republican party" He is
directing a probe of the death,
and also of Zimmerman's I'M
explained absence from his office
from Tuesday until Thursday,
It is incredible that, unless they
were spoken in jest. these partisan
words have been uttered by a Cir
cult Court judge of Indiana. The
matter should be quickly deter
mined and if he did this he ought
to follow the sheriff's resignation by
his own. For a Democrat is as
much entitled to protection"
against a lawbreaker as a Repub-
hcan, and the Democratic party is
as much entitled to protection
against crimes which blacken the
whole State as the Republican party
can possibly be. A man who thinks
otherwise ought not to be a judge.
Political judges dishonor a State.
Justice is not safe in their hands.
1t is true the Republican party
in Indiana needs a lot of 'protec-
ton" with our Governor escaping
conviction for bribery by the
statute of limitations, with the
chairman of the Republican State
committee now serving his term,
and with the mayor of Indianapolis
and a number of its councilmen
convicted of crime. The Republican
candidate for Senator is 'Birds-of-
a-Feather" Robinson, the darling
of the Ku-Klux and the laughing
stock of the body to which he seeks
reelection, and James L. Watson is
boss of the party in Indiana, smil-
ing at its iniquities. lifting no finger
to stay them and defaming by his
detraction at Kansas City and
previously, the admirable candidate
for the presidency whom the party
selected.
1t is too bad that such a man as
Hoover must have as his support
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

Z erS in this State, the crew OF mis-
creants who have made Indiana a
by-word throughout the country.
They are more contemplate than
Falstaff's recruits.
The remedy is plain. 1t is not a
politically minded judge to pro
tect" his party, but for the whole
body of independent citizens who
love both their country and their
/ State to do all they can to elect
as President a man Supremely
/, qualified for the place and at the
same time in regard to all State
and senatorial candidates, to over
throw the party responsible for the
wretches who have disgraced
Indiana.
WILLIAM DUDLEY FOULKE.
Editor Times-The Eighteenth
amendment never had a square
deal, and yet with all the han
dicaps, the prohibition cause
made wonderful progress. Wage
earners received eight billions more
in 1925 then in 1918, which is an in
crease of rs per cent. Living costs
have been reduced IS per cent since
1920.
Employers benefited by increased
production and reduced labor turn
over through sober workmen. There
were fewer accidents and no more
blue Mondays"
Farmers buy three times as much
farm machinery and sell As per
cent more milk than in 1920, and
rarely have a drunken farm hand.
If space would allow / would like
to show how prohibition has been
a benefit to the bankers, the in
surance men, the real estate men,
the manufacturers, the wife, the
family, the butcher. the baker and
the candlestick maker, the church,
the home of the State, and so forth.
The vets are making all the noise
but will get defeated at the ballot
box. Public sentiment is growing
in favor of prohibition.
For instance in Ohio: 1914, wet
by 24,152; 1915, wet by 55,4OS; 1917,
wet by 1907; 1918, dry by 25,759;
1919, dry by 41,854; 1922, dry by
189, 427.
In 1928 the vets were knocked out
by big majority. Thereby prohi-
bition has come to stay, notwith-
standing the fact that it had only
half a chance.
I admit the laws are not enforced
like they ought to be. Who is to
blame? The drinker defles the law.
Whatever trouble we have they are
the cause of it all.
And. oh, yes, the Republican party
in power is also to blame in playing
fast and loose and fishing for both
wet and dry votes. What we need
| today is a real neutrality-suspicious.
prohibition party in power. Neither
one of the old parties will enforce
the law. They are not built that
way.
The prohibition cause will never
fully succeed until a real prohi-
bition party gets into power. OF
course, we don't expect anything
from Al Smith, and if Hover don't
make good there will be real prohi-
bition party put in power in 1882.
We have twice the required amount
of names on petition we need to put
the prohibition ticket on the ballot.
Yours for a square deal
H. S. BONSIB,
Secretary Treasurer Prohibition
State Committee.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

A S scientific medicine begins to
IN give attention to the diseases
associated with industry strange
sources of infection and OF other
disturbances come to light.
A recent report by the New
York State department of labor
has to do with wiping rags as a
source of infection or Of other
hazards.
Wiping rags come from all sorts
of sources, many from the refuse
of dwellings. Some of the rags
purchased by regular dealers are
sold to paper mills and to manu-
facturers of roofing material.
The cleaner rags in fairly good
condition are picked out and sold
as wipers; the dirtier ones in good
condition are sometimes washed
and sterilized before being sold
as wipers.
1t is impossible to say just how
much infection is transmitted by
rags used in this way. On the
other hand, it is reasonable to be-
Iieve from the available knowl-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
No. lao

CREAT men, it seems, do damage as well as good.
W They make great discoveries and by SO doing
advance the world But they sometimes make mis-
takes. And because no one dares question the au-
hority which their greatness brings their mistakes
endure longer than would the mistakes of smaller
Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, did much to
advance the worlds knowledge. But during the Mid
die Ages he became the great authority No dared
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
The Biggest Merger

The petition of the insult and allied inter
ests to put under one great company the street
railway and electric interests serving 280 COM
munities of the State deserves something more
than casual glance by officials before it is
granted.
1t is carefully explained that the merger
does not mean anything to the public and that
it is merely system Of financing, under which
owners of stocks and other forms of securities
will trade them for other stocks and securities,
accepting reductions in the face value and
squeezing out some Of the water which pro-
moters of other years poured into the com
ponent corporations.
The real purpose, Of course is to make
money. And there are only two ways of max
ing money One is by taking it from the Gus
toner. The other is by saving in the cost of
production.
No one has yet devised any scheme of hon
estly creating wealth through any trick of is
suing stock certificates A lot of men have
made money by creating new corporations and
mergers, but in the end the value of the stocks
depends on how much the public can be made
to pay.
The utilities which are included in the pro-
posed merger differ in character of service and
location.
Some Of them make money. Others have
not earned dividends Each one of these $50
communities affected is interested in knowing
if the merger proposes to tax them for the
benefit Of others.
Some of these smaller corporations, espe-
cially the electric companies, earn large divi-
dends. The communities they serve could, un-
der the theory of regulation, expect reductions
of rates when the earnings go beyond a certain
figure.
1t is reasonable to suppose that no such re-
auctions will occur under merger until every
antiquated interurban and street car line is
also on paying basis, not from its customers,
but from the diversions of profits from other
communities.
Merging of competing utilities in the same
community is theoretically correct and desir-
able 1t should result in reduced cost of oper
alton and the elimination of waste.
But this merger presents different picture.
It is not proposal to cut out competition be-
tween utilities of the same kind. 1t proposes
to tie together two kinds of utilities, rendering
different kinds of service, operating in many
communities, into one great concern that will,
presumably demand profits on the entire CAPT
talization with regard to the cost of service
in any particular community.
Not only the leasonablenes2 of valuations
and stock issues but the principle involved de-
mands careful consideration before this new
financial scheme is given legal standing.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Secret Understandings

"Open covenants openly arrived at" phrases an
ideal in diplomacy toward which the nations move only
stumblingly.
Secret. understandings disclosed as among the
real of the world The Russian revolution
having brought these secret treaties out of the czarist
archives it impossible to ignore the part they
had played in bringing Europe to the brink OF de-
struction Yet the effect of the secret treaties did not
end with the war. They went long way toward max
ing tragedy of the peace that followed.
At every point Woodrow Wilson found himself
baked by these treaties. He obliged at the very
outset surrender his program OF open covenants and
consent to meetings Lehnd closed doors.
All this has bearing the present stir over the
alleged understanding between Prime Ministers Cham
berlain and BRAND concerning British and French
naval ornaments. There may be nothing in the al
legged agreement-if one has been made-that is not
altogether commendable 1t may help to keep down
trouble between the two nations.
But it has the vice of secrecy.
Our Government is interested in naval ornaments
decidedly So 1t has sought to reach an understand
ing with Britain. At the same time it has been con-
Quoting negotiations with most of the world looking
toward the outlawry of all war.
In the midst OF all this came the report of pri-
vate agreement between England and France; to be
made public presently, Chamberlain is said to have
promised but privately arrived-at in any case
1t is much like one gentleman in a poker game
passing card under the table, 1t isn't done. Or, it
shouldn't be done.
If Secretary kellogg adheres to his intention to
detour around London his way to Ireland, his &C
ton will be perfectly understandable.
Open covenants openly arrived at, was splendid
principle when Wilson enunciated it. 1t is splen-
did principle now Indeed there is not great deal
Of assurance that any peace program will succeed I'M
til there is actual outlawry of secret treaties.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

q u e S u ! o n the
word of Aris-
totle.
The result was
that the world
failed to advance
beyond Aristotle
as rapidly as it
should have. The
mistakes which
Aristotle h a d
made we're per-
p e tn a t e d for
centuries.
he sam e
thing happened
in medicine in
the case of Ga
len, the great
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
This Date i'm
u. S. History

Aug. %
1609-Henry Hudson entered Della
ware Bay.
1859. L. Drake, driving first oil
well in the United States, at
Titusville, Pa, struck oil at
6915 feet.
1864 Sheridan resumed offensive
in Shenandoah valley.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28

Lebanon Reporter)
In accepting the Democratic
nomination for President, Cover
nor Alfred Smith of New York
discusses the campaign issues with
characteristic frankness and as
sumes leadership of his party with
reassuring pledges of loyal adj
herence to the partys convention
platform.
With the possible exception of
his statements regarding prohibi-
ton Governor Smiths speech of
acceptance should serve as ring
ing challenge to Democrats
throughout the Nation.
His stirring review of Demo-
cratic achievements in our ma
tional history, his promises to
employ Democratic ideas and re-
main faithful to Democratic ideals
in working out the problems of
national Government gives assur-
ance of a virile leadership which
the party imperatiYely needs at
this time.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-08-28
Daily Thoughts

Therefore il thine enemy hun
ger, feed him; if he thirst, give
him drink; for in so doing thou
shalt heap Goals of fire on his
head.-Romans 1920.
y
DEING myself no stranger to
ID suffering, I have learned to
relieve the sufferings of others
Virgil.