Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-22
Timely Views
UNITED STATES PoLIC TOWARD CHINA
OUTLINED
BY STANLEY X. HORNBECK
Chief OF the Far Eastern Division Of the U. S.


BY STANLEY X. HORNBECK
Chief Of the Far Eastern Division Of the u. S.
Department Of State.
STANLEY X. Hornbeck was born at Franklin,
Mass, in 1883. He studied at various universities
in the United States and abroad and upon compile
tion Of his studies became instructor and lecturer
at various universities in the United States-po-
liticsl science and Chinese government being his
field. HOrnbeck soon became recognized as an ex-
pert on international relations and political science
and his services were sought on many interna-
tional commissions. He served as a member of the
Institute Of Pacific Relations at Honolulu, in 1925.
and as technical expert on the Far Eastern-Amer-
lean Commission to negotiate peace. He served
also on the Limitation OF Armaments and the Far
Eastern problems commissions. Hornbeck was ap-
pointed chief Of the Far Eastern Division Of the
Department Of State in 1929.
The temperament and the needs Of a people deter
mine in large measure their activities. The activities Of
q nation have their political. their economic and cui-
tural aspects. The American people have been very
busy for three centuries with problems relating to the
creation and maintenance at home of an independent
state and q free citizenry. Agriculture, transportation,
mining, manufacturing, education and trade have been
their chief concerns.
American foreign policy in general as it has been
shaped by the American people is that free states
should remain free and should be encouraged to de-
velop peacefully along their own lines.
In the realm Of formulated effort the principal ma
jor objective Of American policy since the earliest days
Of the republic has been to ensure for American ma
tionals and for American trade equality OF opportunity,
what Is technically known as INSTRUMENTATION
treatment, in every country to which American citi-
zens, American ships, and American goods have gone.
The American government has a China policy, based
on well-establshed principles. In broad outline, the
foundations Of this policy were laid a long time ago.
American interest in China has been chiefly COM
mercial and cultural. To China from America there
went first merchants; second, missionaries. At the
outset the objective Of American governmental policy
in regard to China became that Of ensuring for Ameri-
can nationals equality Of opportunity.
In the treaty which Cushing concluded, equality Of
treatment was promised by China 10 the United States:
the tariff provisions which had already been agreed
upon between Great Britain and China were accented;
and extraterritorial jurisdiction was provided for; vet
respect for China's rights and interests was shown IN
the express provision that citizens Of United States
who shall attempt to smuggle or to trade in contreband
articles should be subject to be dealt with by the Chi
nese government without being entitled to any counte-
nance or protection from that of the United States
At the Washington conference, with the American
government playing a leading part, the principal pow
es concerned Including China) committed themselves
for the time to formal multilateral agreements in
which were combined pledges with regard to equality
of opportunity in China, respect for china's sovereign
ty, and non-interference in China's domestic affairs
and in these agreements te underlying principle was
that there should be cooperation in a course, some de-
tails Of which we're specified, Of forebearance, self
denial and restraint.