davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-01
Intelligence and Crime.

Crime is a game at which you are
bound to lose, since society is strongly
organized against you. Does it follow
that If you try it anyway, you are lack
ing in sense? There have been many
views as to the nature of criminals, and
one view held that they were so by ma
ture. 1t Is true that many bodily de-
formities and irregularities are found
among criminals; but this means only
that they are recruited to considerable
extent from the poorer grades OF human
stock
When the intelligence of criminals
Is tested and compared with that OF
the average population, some OF the
results show lower grade OF intel
ligence among criminals. but most OF
the statistics show no difference. A
sample group of 600 admissions at Sing
Sing showed only 80 with pronounced
feeble -mindedness and 70 with decid-
edly low grade mentality while the
average intelligence is not much below
that of the population at large.
The most extensive comparison Is
that of prisoners at Leavenworth with
the Army at large, using the army
tests as basis. If you divide them into
seven classes from the dullest to the
brightest, you find but Slight differ
ence in proportions of extremely dull,
very dull, just below par, just above
par, fair. bright and extremely bright.
What difference there is would even
suggest a larger proportionate group Of
intelligent Leavenworth prisoners than
of common soldiers.
If we take the Boston statistics of
delinquent boys and girls, criminals
in the making, the average intelli-
gence is just the same as that of the
school population at large. One of
the striking facts about statistics of
crime is that women do not furnish
their quota Of criminals; in some court
records only one case in 20 Is woman.
Delinquent white women are of lower
intelligence than the average, but de-
linquent colored women are more INTEL
ligent than the average colored woman.
Statistics in the rough, without
analysis, do not tell the whole story,
however. The obvious fact is this
that while for these general purposes
the ordinary intelligence tests form a
sufficiently accurate yardstick, crimi-
nails are not all of one kind. They form
no natural group; they represent an
artificial separation of these persons
who have been caught and convicted
of crime. 1t is so entirely probable
that the most intelligent criminals are
not caught (that is, not in as large
proportion as the stupider criminals
that some hold it to be inevitable that
the prison population should be found
less intelligent than the average; that
if you could include those who evade
the law you would have no difference.
Still more important is the psy-
Geological distinction as to the classes
of crime. In that Sing Sing group of
600 two out of three were committed
Evening star., 1928-12-01
KEEPING MENTALLY FIT
BY JOSEPH JASTROW.

for theft, burglary and other varieties
of stealing: one in four was disorderly,
guilty of some sort of assault; one in
ten is a sex offender, leaving only 2 per
cent for other crimes. (The most COM
mon crime among women Is a sex
offense)
If we separated the perpetrators of
fraud, bogus checks, obtaining credit
or money under false pretenseS, we
should find high average mentality
1t certainly takes intelligence for the
game that crooks play. 1t doesn't take
much for petty theft, assault and sex
it isn't either intelligence or the lack
of it that makes a criminal, but the
amount of intelligence that the criminal
has will have much to do with the kind
of crime he commits.
The sneak thief and thug and the
embezZler are not in the same game;
they need different mental equipments.
This helps to explain why prison sta
tistics differ. Where the petty crimes
predominant the average intelligence
naturally falls. Women sex offenders
show a definitely lower grade Of intelli-
gence. The general conclusion stands
that there is no relation between in
telligence and crime.
ABOUT Tie Sdllc 1S III uc VI CAAc ActdGAOL
between insanity anC crime. Insane
persons often commit sensational
crimes, and in such cases there is a
close relation; but the proportion of
criminals who are insane accounts for a
small proportion Of crime. Criminals
have relatively high insanity rate,
because so large proportion OF them
(of petty offenders particularly are
drawn from classes In which high
rate prevails. What this means is that
Evening star., 1928-12-01

hooked work. though the textile Is too
delicate to withstand constant wear as
floor rugs
Teapot stands are made from round
or square hooked mats SiX-inch size
is satisfactory. Cotton rags cut in one
fourth inch widths are best. Such
mats do not Scorch easily and launder
well. A teapot stand and holder to
match make a novel set for gift.
These mats and holders are actually
miniature rugs in design and coloring.
Round and oval table mats for hot
dishes can be made in sets for gifts.
White cotton cloth or linen should be
used in one-fourth inch strands. These
mats are most pleasing when color is
hooked in for border to each. The
width of the band is left to the worker.
some liking very narrow and some wider
bands.
When making these mats, which re-
quire such constant washing, 1t Is i'm
portant to strengthen the work by oc-
casional stitches set in the back Of the
mats to secure strands to the founda-
ton of stout but loosely woven cotton
bagging or some similar textile.
All hooked work requires frame Of
some sort to hold the foundation firm.
The larger articles mentioned can be
put in a rug frame. Teapot stands and
miniature work can often be done on a
large embroidery frame of two rings.
Turn back foundation edges and bind
fat with a covering of diagonally woven
tape or ordinary bias binding. For the
larger mats braid or tape in some in
conspicuous color is recommended for
binding.
Evening star., 1928-12-01

of the type who is always on the look
out for something with which to de-
light her guest, what could turn the
trick better than this table?
This may be finished in any desired
color which may harmonic with the
scheme of your room; and if you have
q breakfast tray, do not fail to buy
"set" of dishes for one person which will
be entirely different from the dishes
used elsewhere, making this scheme
very individual.
The tray might be light green, the
dishes yellow and the glassware Law
Pnder. Don't forget to get little bud
vase and some tiny salt and pepper
shakers to match the glass!
.--. <copyyiyht, 1s2e.s sAxzA---
Evening star., 1928-12-01
Today in
Washington History
BIZ DONALD A. CRAIG.

December 1, 1S61.-The newspapers
OF Washington are strongly upholding
President Lincoln's policy of carrying
on the war against the Southern Con-
federacy to a victorious end and re-
storing the Union. The National In
telligencer, referring to the opening OF
Congress, expresses the opinion that no
distraction or acrimonious debate will
be permitted to check the advance OF
the Union armies. The Evening Star
is vigorously supporting the administra-
ton. The Republican continues its line
of argument today in favor OF emanci-
patton of the negroes.
Confederate pickets have made their
appearance within the last few days IN
the vicinity of Vienna, Va, and at Flint
Hill, which overlookS Fairfax Court
House. They have not shown any dis
position to attack the Union soldiers
stationed near these places. They ap-
pear to be holding their positions for
observation during the daylight hours
and to be retiring at night.
Capt. Mott of Gen. Hancock's divi-
sion had its pickets surprised by the
appearance of a party OF Confederate
Cavalry while he was engaged yester-
day at house about mile and half
from Lewinsville, Va, near the Lees
burg Turnpike. Capt Mott escaped
without loss of any Of his men.
The war has not stopped amuSements
In Washington. The entire establish
ment of Kings National Circus is mov-
ing to Georgetown and will perform
there for three days on the lot at the
corner of West and Green streets. The
whole of the circus personnel will ap-
pear, including the champion leaper,
Tom King, and MeSSrs. Gardiner and
Kennedy, clowns.
In the course Of two weeks a new
amphitheater will be completed in
Washington and then the managers Of
Kings National Circus will move the
show here and will produce an enter
tainment that will Surpass anything of
the kind ever before seen in the Ma
tons Capital, they say.
1t is announced that publication
known as the Union and Army Re-
porter will be issued tomorrow with the
names, etc. of every officer and soldier
in the Washington hospitals. All local
records for marriage licenses were
broken last month, when 116 were is
sued. Most of the bridegrooms were
soldiers.
Evening star., 1928-12-01
HOOKED MATS MAKE DECORATIVE CHAIR AND BENCH COVERS

Hooked work is at a high pitch Of
popular favor and it can be used to
great advantage for accessories Of deco
ration. Several suggestions are offered
today for homes and for gifts, large and
small, that the woman who makes the
Christmas presents she gives may find
attractive. These may be smart foot
mats used to put on davenportS when a
daytime nap is indulged in. Such foot
mat is placed under the slippered feet
and so protects the upholstery from any
dust marks, however dainty the uphol-
stery fabric may be. Or they may be
wee rugs for some child'S doll house.
Between these two extremes are many
attractive articles that can be made
that do not REQUIRE any great amount of
time or material to fashion.
Foot mats may be round or square.
Oval and rectangular shapes are not in
like favor. Round mats should be from
IA to, 1s inches in diameter, square ones
of like measurements on each side.
Smaller ones are impractical and larger
ones ungainly. If one chooses to make
an oval mat, Is inches by ID inches
are good measurements for the widest
parts, while Is inches on shorter and
Is inches on longer sides are recon-
mended for rectangular mats.
These pieces may be used for chair
seats, stool or bench covers and pillow
tops. They can be used also for table
covers. They can be developed in cot
ton, wooden or silk rags. or in yarns. The
aatter may be new or from raveled out
knit or crocheted articles that are dis
carded. Silk rags are excellent for such
Evening star., 1928-12-01
Fat Reduction.

Mrs. J.-Yes, massage of the legs If
It Is heavy enough, may help the fat
deposits to 60 down. Usually there is
general overweight, SO general reducing
measures should be taken.
Massage given by yourself would. at
the same time. give you good exercise
You would probably have to keep up
the massage faithfully for three or four
months, probably longer, before you
would notice any effects. Tap dancing,
Jumping rope and other exercises of the
legs will also help reduce them If they
are large on account of fat.
Arms that are overlarge on account
of fat will also be benefited by exercises
and massage applied to them. Twist
ing the arms In and out as far as pos
sible, tensing them at the same time
100 times day in relays of 25-is said
TO be a miracle worker. I was told OF
o woman who paid $50 for that secret!
Running Ears.
Dear Doctor: Honestly, did you
ever hear of any ones being cured Of
running ears and dull hearing? i am
so embarrassed at times when I am
with people that could Scream-such
q slight ailn1ent and so maddening. II
mothers could know the misery children
suffer in later years from ear troubles
they certainly would be more careful in
having the ear infections attended to-
My trouble is of more than 20 years
standing, and was left with it after
either measles or scarlet fever
MRS. W."
Yes, Mrs. w, honestly have heard
of running ears being cured and dull
hearing bettered The ultra violet ray
treatment is most effective for certain
Evening star., 1928-12-01
DIET AND HEALTH
BY LULU HUNT rETERs. NJ. D.

of these stubborn, chronic cases. This
is applied by physician who specializes
in its use, through a special apparatus
which throws the rays right into the
ear.
Running ears, and later some degree
of deafness, frequently are seQuelae fol-
lowing infectious diseases.
This and other serious complications
show how perniciouS is the idea that
children are going to have the in
fectious diseases anyway, and the
sooner they contract them the better
This idea is false and dangerous.
X X X X
Tuberculosis Of the Spine.
Mrs. R.-Yes, tuberculosis Of the
spine is durable. At an institute in
Switzerland the treatment is mostly
the sunlight treatment. The little suf-
ferers lie with their backs exposed to
the sun and air for long periods during
the day. The diet is very full,
nourishing one, such as we advise for
all children.
tuberculosis of the spine is very Sc
rious, and may cause death or result in
hunchback, unless 1t is cured in the
early stages. You must go to chill
dren's specialist and If there are no
competent ones in your locality you
must go to some large city. 1t is highly
important for your little boy to have
the right treatment begun Immediately
Evening star., 1928-12-01

in which temptation abounds and ex-
ample or social tradition is unfavorable.
Criminals are made and not born,
though an unfortunate heredity may
make easy the way to temptation. AS
many drift into crime as adopt crime
as a profession In the former case the
moral resistance may be weak; in the
latter the challenge of society is ac-
cepted and defied. Crime is compli-
Evening star., 1928-12-01

low-grade mentality and emotional in
stability favor crime.
What the proportion Is between those
who commit crimes and those who are
convicted we can only guess. That
there are far more who are tempted
and occasionally yield than there are
convictions Is clear. Crime is the re-
suit of poor resistance to temptation
and OF association with an environment
Evening star., 1928-12-01
X.Ray Bares Tree Diseases.

Hidden defects and diseases In tree
trunks are now revealed by means OF
an X-ray outfit which shows condi-
tions that cannot be detected by ordi-
nary examination.
Evening star., 1928-12-01

Gated social affair, and the psychology
of the crime is but a behavior index to
the psychology Of each variety of GRIM
inal.
Evening star., 1928-12-01
Home in Good Taste
BY SARA HILAND.

OF course, it is very hard to be i'll
and have to eat ones meals in bed. but
there is nothing difficult about being
lazy and accepting little ''pamper-
ing in the way of nicely served
breakfast in bed, accompanied by few
moments Of leisurely reading from your
favorite book
Ill or well and just o bit lazy you
will enjoy table like that shown in
the Illustration; or, If you are hostess
Evening star., 1928-12-01

Charles Whitney Worcester of New
Haven. Conn, became rear admiral and
commander-in chief of the Chilean
naVy
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
100 MUCH REDUCTION WORSE THAN
 NONE AT ALL, COOLIDGE ASSERTS
source of expense. hs assorted. is for national defense.

- for national defense.
 'Ths cost of this for next year ii estimated at approximately S650.- 100000" the president continued. That means an average expendi- ture of $1.233 for every minute or s2O.55O for every second of the year. The army program contemplates an expenditure in excess of $100,000.- 900 and a construction program for the navy is now receiving the con- sideration of the Congress.
 "The authorization of 1916 was the last complete navy program and that has been practically completed. The recommendation now before the Congress to replace obsolete naval vessels and moderately increase our naval strength contemplates an or derly construction procedure; noth- ing more".
 President Coolidge closed his re- marks with a tribute to Director Lord. of the Budget Bureau, who, he said. had the Judgment to say yes when the facts warranted and the courage to say no when the facts warranted".
 Following the president Director Lord declared that while there will he no slackening in the effort for economy, there is an irreducibble miniWum of expenditure before which the government cannot go.
 "We may possibly have reached that terminal, the director added. The country grows and develops. The bigger the country the bigger the operating costs. But as long as there is a federal employe not fully committed 10 the doctrine of honest service. as long as there is an ar ticle of federal supply wasted and
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31

READ HERALD CLASSIFIED ADS
 FOR YOUR WANTS
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
MILLIONS USED
 ADVISING COUNTRY
Amdical hdlstli6 Sptnd For.
 tanS on Education

New York. Jan. 31 @-American industries are spending more than &30,000.000 . year to teach their buying public what to buy. Al . matter of fact this business of edu- cation is an industry itself, employ ing about 5000 persons and nation- wide in it's extent.
 Education of the public is not tho sole purpose of the 2s0 trade asso- citations organised in this country. however. While it is important. tho exchange of trade. technical and market information, collection of ac- counts. research work of every sort. standardization. preparation of ac- counting systems and other work b done for the various industries.
 Financial support for the trade associations comes eventually from the educated buyer. of course. but diretcly it is obtained either through levies on the individual units of in- dustry, such as per cent of the total of factory sales. or through contributions.
 The $30.000,o 900 expenditure does not include all advertising in news papers and magazines. both for in- dustries and for units thereof. It does, however, include a portion Of the cost of placing publicity favor able to the interested industries.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
IN SECOND PLACE
Nosthwestesa Univeeaity naslsthall
 osiatst Moves Up il ssa.di.e |.

Aoet0Weesceo Uo1vetoty Uaakoeoo1l
 o.i.tst Moves up il s.a.di.e |.
 Dag Tea.
 Chicago, Jan. 3l N-SsconA plaee In the biz ten basketball racs today was occupied by Northwestern uni- verdty with four victories and one defeat.
 The purple caSers took undisputed possession of the runner-up position last night by winning . hard. rough game with Minnesota. e5 to 22. at Evanston. Wisconsin had been tied with Northwestern for the position with three wins and one losa was idle and dropped into third place.
 Failure of the Gophers to Ind the basket in the first IS minutes of play caused their defeat. During that period. they were able to sink only three free throws while Northwes- tern scored .15 points. In the second half, however. the Gophers rallied. overcame their opponents and the result was in doubt until the last minute of play.
 The defeat gave Minnesota . zero
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
BOWLING HATCH

MilIer and Gaia.s to llect Andeesoa
 and Rooney ,o Bat&le . Anottss
 Not atisflsd with . trimming handed to them in . home and homo series by Anderson and Rooney of this city. the bowling team of Gaines and Miller of Hartford is returning to the fray asaia in another series of two matches. The first will be rolled at Rogers Alleys Wednesday night and will consist of eight games The second will be rolled in Hart ford next week. The series will bs for 8 purse of $eO0.
 Anderson and Rooney took the Capital City boWlers into camp last week by a comfortable margin in the total pinfan and although the Hartford rooters feel that beca use Gaines has a so-called "Indian Sign" over Anderson. former state league duckpin bowling champ. the count will be evened up this time. Ander- son and Rooney are all set to give the Hartford pair worse trimming and in the first meeting.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERALD. TUESDAY, JANUARY s1, 1923

not completely and properly utilized. as long as there is taxpayers dollar not prontably employed. the drive for constructive economy will go on. If we cannot reduce expen- diturs or check its growth we can and will ses to 1t that every in- crease is amply justified. and If we are obliged to spsnd more we can and will see that more is spent Wiselv'
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
FTvE-LANGUAGE PAPER

Paris, Jan. 31-Harlequin, new Parisian modernist publication, made it's initial bow recently. It was printed in five languages: a German article on the Riviera. a Spanish la ment on the passing of the tango. an Italian article on gastronomy. and an English article on the new Hol- land tube connecting New York and New Jersey. The rest of the Babel paper was printed in French.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
HOLDS UNENvIABLE RECORD

New London. Jan. 3l-A record for arrests of a single individual was established here when John McDon- ough appeared in police court for the 32nd time in 16 years.
 Johns record of "pinches" start ed Dec. 2. 1911. Intoxication leads the list of law violations with a to- tai of 24. Other offenses include breach of the peace 2. theft 2, and once each for burglary. breaking jail, vagrancy and theft.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31

averags for its arst read trip Of the season. having lo4 Saturday night at Chicago. So far. Ninnestota has won one and lest thres contestA
 Iowa dsfsetsA Creighton univsr- sity. % to %. h . non-confersnce game laat night a& Iowa City. Other big ten teams Woro idle.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
REAL TRAGEDY

Tonawanda, N. T., Jan. 31 0- Patrolman Charles W. Andres has lived long enough to father eleven children and then see the grim spectre of death sweep them all away. His son. Russell. the last of his offsprings. drowned recently while trying to pull Christmas tree from a canal.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
FALL PROVES FATAL

New Haven, Jan. 31 F-George J. Samson, caretaker for the build ings owned by St. Mary's Academy in Orange street. here, died last night at the New Haven hospital from injuries sustained in . fall January 24th while washing win- dows.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
BURGLAR ASKS PARDON

Memphis, Jan. 31-Back in 1922, Robert Klussman invaded the home and threatened the life of Abe Goodman. Memphis capitalist. Pes tered by a guilty conscience and wishing to start the New Year off right, he walked into the offices of Goodman the other day and asked
 his pardon. Goodman redily gave 1t.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
TRAIN FOR 0CYnICs

Cniversity 0i Illinois Coed and Two
 Tfack StArs to Try for Places on
 Toanl.
 Urbana. H., Jan. 31 ReA uni- yersity of Illinois coed and two for mer track stars of the university have begun training in an attempt to win berths on Americas 1928 Olympic team.
 They are Norma Zilk, 19 year old freshman and holder of three worlds track record among women; 'Chick" Werner. c20 yards dash star and Harold Osborn. holder of the worlds record in the high jump.
 University officials have not as yet sanctioned their entries.
New Britain herald., 1928-01-31
LEADS IN SCORING

1AVWSO NDNVSsO - 8Vne NAA1-
 sns Has Ooanaaandiag Edeo With
 Total oe 3s Ruints.
 Montreal. Que. Jan. 31 OA-Howie MorenS of the Montreal Canadiens held . commanding lead on the scoring honors in the National Hockey League today with total of B points made up of 12 goals and II assists.
 Aurel Jolia:. Morenz's partner on the Canadien's forward line, rated second with 25 points while Art Gagne of the same club and George Hay of the Detroit Cougars, were deadlocked for third place with 22 points.
 Eddie Shore, Boston defense man. had the distinction of being the most frequent offender with 100 minutes spent in the penalty box thus far this season. Ching Johnson of the Rangers spent Sl minutes in durance and Art Duncan of the Toronto Leafs served 67 minutes.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-10-31
SENATOR BORAH M AK ES SPEECH
 POWER SUBJECT
States His Own Position Does Not Agree with
 Hoover, Smith

NORFOLK. Va. Oct 31.-Dls- cussing the power question for the first time in the campaign. United States Senator William E. Borah last night in a speech here put lined his own position on govern ment control of the bower resoure- es.
 Assailing Gov. Smiths stand on the issue, Senator Borah declared that he did not agree with either Hoover or Smith on the question. The Senator said that Smiths proposition for government owner ship and private distribution of the electrical energy does not GOV CT the power problem" He de- clared that his own position was that it must be either complet, government ownership, control Of operations and distribution, or it must be private ownership with