davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-30
DIRIGIBLE'S RECORD
DECLARED OFFICIAL
Graf Zeppelin Entry Is First Re-
corded for Glass Since
1918.

The Federation Internationale Aero
nautique, charged with recording all in
ternational aeronautical records, has
officially recorded and approved the
record of the German dirigible Graf
Zeppelin on Its recent transatlantic
flight, according to word just received
here.
The official record reads as follows:
Glass B (dirigibles): Distance Ger
many, DR.. Eckener. with the dirigible
Z-L 1877. Graf Zeppelin; motors. May
bach 450-55O HIP: from Lakehurst,
U. S. A., to Friedrichshafen, Germany
october 29-30-3l. November /, 1928;
6,384.5 kilometers.'
The last official entry in the fedora
ton records for the same class of
airships was made Is years ago, rec
ognizing as world record the flight of
two Italians, Castracane and CaStruccio,
who. on July 80, 1918, few a distance
of $40 kilometers, or 5033 miles.
Evening star., 1928-12-30

could find no planes in the air to
frolic with. He cast his eyes about
the sky and terrain for a suitable prey
for his pent-up enthusiasm.
His attention was finally attracted
to a two-mule-powered single -plac ce
grass attacker piloted by an Ethiopian
field officer, which was flying at a very
low altitude and at a very uncertain
speed in the vicinity of the 43d Squad
ron airdrome. Our brave hero licked
his chops and, turning to his mechanic,
said, Watch me down the Quarter
master Air Force!'
Hero Only Slightly Hurt.
Pushing his throttle forward. he
made one of those terrific dives SO
common to the quick thinking brigade
The Ethiopian pilot, seein. that lie
was being attacked from his right
flank and being sadly outclaSsed, took
to his parachute. However one of the
mule powers of the motor, seeing that
escape was impossible, decided to put
up as good a fight as possible. He
elevated his tail to an angle of As de-
grees, brought back the bolts of .lis
rear gun and, as the OH got within
range, let fly, hitting the DH in a
vital spot, causing it to careen over on
its side and fall to the ground, u mass
of flames
Fortunately. the hero who risked bis
life beyond all rail- of duty, who was
so enthralled with the desire to give
his corps the supremacy of the air
drome and who, without thought OF
personal safety, engaged an enemy fal
superior to him in equipment. escaped
the fray with only bruises and burn:
and has now completely recovered ana
is with us today"
Evening star., 1928-12-30
CAMERA RE:C0ROS
BOMBERS' SKILL
Imaginary Missiles Dropped
Near Building to Test Ac-
curaCy of Flyers.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN ANTONIO, Tex, December o.
A camera" big enough for man to
sit inside records the hits of cadet
bombers at the Army flying school here.
The camera" is building, and the
cadets bombing ability is determined
by the shadow of his plane as it flies
over. He drops imaginary bombs.
Radio communication between the
plane and the man inside the camera"
makes possible record of the exact
spot where the cadets bomb" strikes.
The building is constructed with a
large opening in the roof, through which
the camera lens picks up the planes
shadow when it is some distance away
The man designated to make a record
of the cadets hit sits at target board
inside. A metronome ticks off the time
required for the planes advance, and
the marker traces its shadow across
the board.
When the cadet arrives over his OBJ
jective and is certain that he would
hit his wartime target, were it build
ing or battleship, he tells the marker
by radio telephone to mark that spot. ;"
The marker then places an TX" on the
mapping board, showing the effective
ness of the cadets hit.
If it is within the central ring of
the mapping board target, 1t is per-
feet hit. If the "X'' is in one of the
other rings, it is not perfect hit and
the cadets instructor will be able to
point out the fault.
Although the Army Air Corps pro-
vides for some bombing maneuvers in
which actual bombs are used, all of
the bombing" done by cadets at the
flying school Is carried on with imagi-
nary explosives over the camera OBJ
scura" building
Evening star., 1928-12-30
PITTSBURGH PLANS
FOR BALLOON RACE.
Stadium to Be Used for Start of
National Elimination Com
petition.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PITTSBURGH, December 29.-The
University of Pittsburgh foot ball sta
dium will be the starting point of the
national elimination balloon races next
May 4. This race will determine Amer
ican entrants for the international races
to be started from st. Louis the follow
ing October, under the auspices of the
National Aeronautic Association
The stadium'S seating capacity of
10000 likely will be taxed to the limit
in view of the fact that crowd esti-
mated at close to 100000 witnessed the
Labor day elimination races here at
Belts Field when an electrical storm
played havoc with many of the bags
and prompted officials to choose an
earlier date for the eliminations next
year.
Already, according to the local COM
mittee in charge of next years races
here, invitations to attend the event
have been accepted by Vice President
elect Curtis, Secretary of the Navy
Wilbur, Secretary of War Davis and his
assistant for aeronautics, F. Trubee
Dawson; Admiral William A. Moffett,
chief of the Navy Air Corps; Mai. Gen.
James E. Fechet, chief of the Army Air
Service, and Brig. Gen. F. P. Lahm.
The local committee for the races
here is headed by James M Magee. 1t
includes such prominent members as
Col William ThaW, who participated in
this years nonstop air race from New
York; r. B. Mellon Richard K. Mellon
and w. L. Mellon, Pittsburgh business
men, and Senator David A. Reed and
James Francis Burke, Republican party
leaders
Evening star., 1928-12-30
BY PROFESSIONAL FLYER OF MEANSI
OF FOLLOWING COURSES OVER UNCF1ARTED AREA

able to use a sextant in obtaining
position from the stars. Second, the
plane must be equipped for blind fly
ing over long distances in case the fog
and clouds extend to such an alti-
tude that the course followed must be
through instead of above shem.
In order to make full use of all avail
able instruments of navigation it will
be necessary to carry navigator IN
addition to the pilot.
The Maps Required.
One of the first details in preparing
for flight is the laying out Of the
course. In this case we require maps
of the land passed over in America,
Mercator chart of the North Atlantic
and maps of Europe covering enough
of the coast line on each side of our
course to allow for a possible error
in navigation.
In addition to these charts for actual
use on the flights. we <nould have a
Great Circle sailing chart, map of
magnetic variation and che showing
the time zones for use in their prepa-
ration.
A straight line is drawn on the
Great Circle chart, and the latitude
and longitude of equi-distant points,
say 100 miles apart, are noted and
transferred to the Mercator's projec-
ton, then connected by straight lines.
Each of these lines will form a diff
ferent angle with the true north lnerid-
lanS on the Mercator charc, and the
angle between the two will give the
true course for *he 100 mites which 1t
represents Whatever portion Of the
route lies over land is transferred to
the maps of that territory. These are
used to check the compass course with
objects on the ground whenever pos
sible during the fight.
Correcting the Compass.
Starting at New York, the bearing of
each 100-mile sector is taken in relation
70 true north. These bearings are not
the ones to be followed on the compass.
The magnetic poles of the earth do not
correspond with the true poles. ConSe-
quently, the compass needle points to
north, and it is necessary to
change from true to magnetic readings
in finding the compass course.
The difference in degrees between the
true and magnetic bearings are found
by consulting the chart of magnetic
variations. If variation is westerly,
of the agonic line or line of no varia-
ton, the variation is added to the true
COuISc W OUtdul tAlC AldSllSIlC COul SC'
If the variation is easterly, it is sub
tracted.
This procedure gives us the magnetic
course for each 100-mile sector, but not
the compass course to be followed.
A compass is subject to a number of
local errors. 1t is affected by various
parts of the plane and engine
and by the ignition system when the
motor is running. Consequently. it is
necessary to find the amount of error
or the deviation for different headings
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Plane Passenger
Up $500 Fet Has
View of 65 Miles

The air passenger at a height
Of $500 feet on a clear day can
see the horizon at a distance of
IS miles and commands a view
of an area of 1000 square miles,
it is estimated by the American
Air Transport Association.
Within an angle of As degrees
from the point directly beneath
him the air traveller is able to see
every detail of an area of about
100000 square feet. Travelling
at 100 miles an hour at $500 feet
altitude, the aerial traveller has
less than one minute to read signs
having an area of 800 to 1000
square feet. A 6-foot letter is
legible at height of 5000 feet
and a 15-foot letter at $4,000
feet in clear weather.
Evening star., 1928-12-30
DUNDALK AIRPORT WORK
WILL START NEXT MONTH
War Department Issues Permit for
Bulkhead and Fill
Construction.

Work on the new $500, 900 Baltimore
municipal airport at Dundaik will begin
next month, following the issuance Dy
the War Department of a permit for
the construction of bulkhead and fill
along the water side of the proposed
airport site from a point near the
mouth of Colgate Greek to point $500
feet west of Sellers Point.
The city is required to dredge chan
mel into the entrance of the creek with
q depth of not less than seven feet and
a width to be determined upon by the
district Army engineer. Lieut.. Col.
Charles r. Pettis. The permit requires
completion of the bulkhead by Decem-
Der 81, 1881, unless the time Is extend
cd. by the. War Department..
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Col. Lindbergh Discusses Re-
quirementS for Long-Dis-
tance Trips by Aeros.
MUST CORRECT COMPASS
Lengthy Nonstop Flights Are
Declared Impractical for
Present at Least.
BY COL. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH.

BY COL. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH.
In a previous article we considered
navigation in its simplest form. The
private owner who operates his plane
under favorable weather conditions will
find little use for an extensive knowl-
edge of instrument flying and the finer
points of dead reckoning or for celestial
or radio observations. The profession
al pilot, on the other hand, may be
called upon to make flights which re-
Quire the use of all modern methods.
AS aviation progresses, the distances
covered between stops for service viii
continue to increase and planes will
often be flying over wild and uncharted
areas, where accurate navigation will
be essential.
Our air mail planes three years ago
carried enough fuel for only little
over 400 miles. Today, a number OF
stock models are capable of flights more
to carrying a larger pay load of pas
Sengers and express.
Long nonstop flights are not Com
mercially practical at present, but for
the purpose of discussing the require
ments of navigation over long distances
and under all conditions, let us consider
a flight between America and Europe.
Needs for Storm and Fog.
If the start is made from New York,
the distance to be covered will be more
than 5000 miles, and it is almost
certainty that at least one major storm
area will be encountered, even under
the most favorable conditions At least
1000 miles of the flight will be over
water. with the consequent inability
to obtain location of position from
ground objects. 1t is entirely possible
be either over or through fog and
storms.
These conditions set forth two i'm
portant requirements. First, the ability
to navigate accurately without ground
check nointS and possibly without being
Evening star., 1928-12-30
FLYERS CLUB PLANNED.

NEW YORK P.-America's first
Aviation country club, patterned after
the exclusive light flying clubs spon-
sored by the British air ministry, has
tract near Westbury. L. l.. as the site
of its flying field, clubhouse and ham
gars.
Charles L. Lawrence, president of the
Wright Aeronautical Corporation and
head of The new Long Island Aviation
Country Club, says that the formation
of the club has resulted in plans for
similar organizations in Cincinnati,
Santa Barbara, Syracuse, Pittsburgh,
Philadelphia, st. Louis Cleveland,
Washington. Wilmington, Dell. and Chi
cagQA
Evening star., 1928-12-30
CLUB AT KELLY FIELD 'HONORS"
ARMY AIR CORPS ''DUMB-BELLS'

To add to the trials and tribulations
of Army pilots at Kelly Field, the big
Army Air Corps training center in
Texas. post officers have organized an
exclusive fraternity to perpetuate the
blunders of the flyer who may suffer
a mental lapse in the air with ludicrous
but not fatal results.
To become eligible for membership
In this body, which, appropriately. is
known as the Dumb-bell Club, a man
must have distinguished himself far
above all expectations in the perform
ance of some deed in the air so dumb
as to be beyond human conception,
and yet live, and to have exercised a
mental slowness ranking next and aft
er a snail while plotting or directing
the course of Army aircraft"
The rules of the post require that
when members of the society elect
man as member, "he must assume
this honor with dignity and pleasure. ]"
The club owns flag, which becomes
the possession of the latest member.
to be held by him until scnLe new feat
OF incredible stupidity wrests the laurels
from his hands.
Club Keeps Record.
Among feats which have won the
nag ana memDerSnlp IN the 1mperlSh-
able order are numbered the flight of
an officer who took off from Kelly
Field for Dallas, due north, in the
morning and landed at dusk so miles
southeast of Kelly out of gas, and the
pilot who fell out of an airplane at
l,100 feet for no good reason at all
A book containing photographs of the
members and an account of the cir
cumstances which led up to the award
Of the honor is being compiled.
The event which opened the club
portals to its newest member, col
liston with a mule-drawn grass-cutter
is described in the following citation
read when the award of the flag and
membership was made before a forma-
ton of all the post officers:
'On the bright and sunny day OF
October %, 1928, in his trusted DH
this intrepid Air Corps officer was
cruising about the ozone of Kelly Flelc
when, feeling a little frisky and being
q quick-thinking pursuit pilot. he de
ctded to engage in little cor1bat work
As t. was during the noon hour. he
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Professional Pilot May Be
Required to Undertake
Flights by Compass.
ACCURATE CHART NEEDED
Transocean Flying Calls for
Ability to Plot Path With
out Landmarks.

of the plane. This is accomplished by
the use of master compass of known
accuracy to lay out line running
magnetic north and south. This should
be done in a spot free of any local
magnetic attractions such as metal
hangars or power lines. Additional
lines are then laid out for each 80
degree heading, making II in all.
Each 3O-Degree Heading Charted.
The plane, with motor turning over at
two-thirds throttle, is placed on the
magnetic north heading, and by means
of small compensating magnets the
compass needle or card is made to in
dicate as nearly as possible magnetic
north. The plane is then headed in the
direction of magnetic west, and again
the compenSating magnets are used to
bring the card to indicate properly. In
doing this, however. the needle will be
so affected that it will no longer indi-
cate correctly on the north heading
and a compromise must be made so
that the error or deviation is as small
as possible on each heading.
After the compass has been compen-
sated the plane is again headed magnetic
north and the error in compass reading
noted and marked on deviation chart.
This procedure is repeated for each 30
degree heading until the chart has been
completed.
The magnetic bearing for each sector
OF the course is next corrected for this
deviation, and the actual compass course
to be followed, provided there is no
wind drift, is obtained.
We now have maps covering our
entire flight with the actual compass
course calculated for each 100 mile
sector. The next problem is to obtain
instruments which will make it possible
to follow the course accurately under
all conditions.
(Copyright, 1929
An article by Col Lindbergh on the pres
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Pittsburgh to Get Beacon.

PITTSBURGH (P).-Airmen who
have found the going tough" over
Pittsburgh because of the smoke and
fog, are to be given help by the city
council, which has voted for the erec-
ton of an air beacon on downtown
skyscraper. The beacon. to cost about
$4,000. will have a range of $50 miles.
This will give aviators pickup" after
they pass over the perilous Allegheny
Mountains near Altoona.
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Clinic Considers Airport.

Officials of the Mayo Clinic Roches-
ter, Mimi, have under consideration
the establishment of suitable airport
adjacent to the sanitarium buildings to
make possible quick communication
with the clinic by air for doctors and
patients..
Evening star., 1928-12-30

An article by Col Lindbergh on the pres
week exclusively in Washington in The sun
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
BiRtk-DI<ZS NtALN

The marriage ol Miss Bronlsla va przymata of 152 Fremont street to Joseph Burak of l4S Miller street took place this morning at s o'clo, k at Holy Cross church. The marriage ceremony was performed by Rev. stephen Bartko"ski. assisted by Rev. Thomas Lawlor. deacon and Rev. Victor Piasllowski. sub deacon. The bride was attirtd in q gown Of white bridal satin, trimmed with Spanish lace and wore Rose Marie veil, caught with orange blossoms. She carried a bouquet of white roses and lilies of the valley.
 i The maid of honor was Miss Mary Chrusciel and she wore a pink satin gown trimmed with rhinestones and wore a maline hat to match. She carried bouquet of pink tea roses ! The bridesmaids were Miss Mary i Zatrub and Jennie Lukasiewicz, botl being attired in Nile green gowns with hats to match. They carried pink tea roses.
 The best man was Leo Regula ant the ushers were Joseph Slipski anC Joseph Tofin.
 After the ceremony. a reception was held at 117 Miller street, thu future home of the newlyweds. at tended by approximately 100 guests
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
Cotton Market Opens
 Steady at a Decline

New York, Aug. Fl H'-The cot ton market opened steady at a de- cline of $ to 17 points under liquida- tion or reselling by some recent buy CTS who were probably influenced by prospects for improving weather in the eastern belt and relatively easy cables.
 The decline to 1S.40 for Decem- Der contracts appeared to bring in an increased demand. however. which was believed to be partly for the trade and the market soon steadied up on covering. Liverpool rallied as prices here advanced and by the end of the first half hour the local market was 26 10 34 points net higher with October relatively firm.
 The near month situation seemed to be coming in for more attention owing to the small supply of cotton here available for delivery on con- tract and October this morning ap- peared to be selling about 12 points over December during the early trading compared with difference of four points at the close yesterday.
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
WAVE BANDS OPENED UP
 FOR USE OF SEARCHERS
Navy Department Takes Action in Effort to locate Two
 Missing Filters.

Washington, Aug. 21 UD - Three navy wave bands and those used by two private broadcasting stations were temporarily closed today to permit possible reception of signals from Bert Hasselrs plane. the Greater Rockford.
 The private stations affected were sXN. of Oakland. California, and VIVID of Ocean Township, N. J. They. along with the navy, have been using waves of about the same length as that used by Hassell. Rep- resentative Buckbee of Illinois ask ed the radio commission to take action. contending that if Hassell were sending signals. they were be- ing drowned out. The commission issued the necessary orders and the ofiicer in charge of naval communi- cations did likewise.
 Station 6XN is operated on BPS meters and VIVID on 32.71. The navy bands were of similar length
 The radio commission also re. auested the tropical radio station in Honduras to shut down until further notice. This station is operated on s,320 kilocycle fire. quency. Commissioner Pickard, who issued the orders. expressed the opinion that Hassell might be un. able to keep to his assigned fire. quencies. and might be attempting to send off frequency.
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
PLANE ROMA ATTACHED
Man Who Advanced &l5.O0O Tor Right to Ride to Rome Becoming Impatient and Brings Action.

Hartford. Aug. 2l LH-An at tachment upon the Bellanca plane Roma expected soon to hop off oD | non stop flight 10 Rome. was serv- ed here last night at the instance of Dr. Leon M. Piscuili. of Yonkers, N. Y., who claims that Count Cesare Sabelli, pilot of the plane. in return for $l5.0oo which he advanced. agreed to take the doctor as pas 3,onger on the trip, Dr. risculli now says he wants his money back or wants the flight 10 be made soon. He accuses Sabelli of "stalling' and neglecting 10 give the plane the noe cSsary endurance test.
 SabelIi. backed up by Co-Pilot Roger Q. Williams and Navigate, Piero Bonelli. claims that the docto, simply bought d passenger ticket and that there was no guarantee as to when the hop off would be made He says the doctor has simply beer getting impatient.
 The plane rests in the hangar oi the Interstate Airways, Inc, al Brainard Aeld, and a representativ. of the deputy sheriff is on constan, guard to see that Sabelli does no l get close to it,
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
BOND MARKET HAS
 HEAVY TRADING Bank Loans Money Rates Are High

New York. Arg. ? H0 - Heavy trading. in St. Paul 5s Of a.VuU and lublic Service of New Jersey 41a S represented the bulk of sales on the bond market today and gave some thing of a picture of the entir. mar ket. with rails and utilities advunc- ing and the general list holding steady. Banks called upwards of 5.o00.ouo in loans and money rates remained at high levels, although d flow of funds from the interior was expected.
 Demand for Public Service of New Jersey IS, which scared points to a new high for the year at 13o. was coincident with the rse of stocks. Other utilities made smaller gains.
 tris, 4Ias also were in demand cut most other rails attracted little attention, although fractional gains were general Tn sympathy with the strength of railroad stocks. Centra New Jersey 5s advanced a point Long Island Is were under pressure sogEing more than points to a new years low al 2, '..
 The foreign Ist vas irmer.
 [. $. government obligations Here soft.
New Britain herald., 1928-08-21
SMITH DENIES HE WILL TOUR NATION
Continued from First Page)

would close up the whole matter" T don't see what can be said now" he added. because the record as I stated it, is absolutely right" Informed that reports from Wash ington had carried the suggestion for an old time Inaugural" there tor the next president. its nominee said there was plenty of time to talk about that.
 T believe that will get serious considerat tion some time around Lin- coins birthday" he replied. adding with a smile: Il wouldn't get finicky about that"
 Ready To Talk l Talking of plans for the day the governor pointed to telephone on his desk and remarked: T want to get away from my friend here on my right and .et my voice in shape for tomorrow night; its got to go all over the country"
 Shortly afterward the governor gave the radio trial outside and called for his automobile to take him across the border into Massx- chusetts where he planned some golf at atockbridge with Norman H. Davis. under secretary of state and assistant secretary of the treasury in the Wilson cabinet.
 Senator Robinson of Avkansas the governors running mate and Senator Putnam. of Nevada. who will deliver the notification address. will be house guests Of the nominee to- morrow night. Chairman Raskob of the nationa, committee will stay at a hotel adjacent to the capitol.
 Will everybody be here?" the governor was asked.
 "Everybody that's anybody" he replied.