davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-17
GAMBLING DEN ROBBED.

EVANSVILLE, Ind, December IL
R).-Nine men armed with auto
matte pistols and machine guns last
night robbed gambling establishment
and its patrons of between $500 and
$4,000 and held up a drug store, in
which they obtained $160 from the cash
register and a diamond ring and
stud valued at $400 from the proprie-
tor
The druggist was beaten on the head
with the butts of pistols when he re-
sisted. The bandits escaped IN an
automobile.
Evening star., 1928-12-17
for "AUNT MARY"

ALLU0yS LODHbLe ana
COnsiderGte
Dear "Auntie," whom you like to visit
"her" gift should be chosen with
loving thoughtfulness. Here are sugges-
tions for your consideration.
Electric Heaters, $1.S9 and $5.9S.
Electric Waffle Irons, $2.9S to $7.9S.
Electric Heating Pads, $3.50 to $3.50.
Electric Flatirons, $1.9S to $3.50.
Toilet Gift Sets, 81 and up.
Bath Towels, 6 for $1.74.
Cutex Manicure Sets, 29c to $2.52.
Perfumizers, SOC and up.
Bridge Pads, 49c and SOC.
Alarm Clocks, CSC to $4.49.
Evening star., 1928-12-17
for DAD"
A Practical Gift Will
Appeal TO Hin,

Be sure to get Dad a nice gift that will
bring a joyous smile on Christmas morn
ing =. he's good old scout, you
know.
Brief Cases, CSC to $6.75.
Ingersoll Watches, $1.5O to $3.50.
S5 Ronson Delight Pocket Lighter,
$3.98.
$6 Gold-plated Auto-Strop Razors.
$3.50.
$3.50 Twinplex Stropper, $3.50.
$500 Neva-Smok Smoking Stands,
$4.9S.
Imported Smokers Sets, CSC and up.
Tumble-in Ash Receiver, CSC.
SIS Table or Desk Lighter, $2.9S.
Mems Toilet Sets, $1.00 and up.
Evening star., 1928-12-17

lilies living a few miles away-their
nearest neighbors-and the explana-
tion given is "they do not belong to our
clan" Three" generations and more
often live in group that forms but
one family, Mr.. Kneale declared. land
the head of that family is in all prob
ability an old woman"
Evening star., 1928-12-17
for "SONNY BOY"
The Young Master of
the Home

The Young Master of
the Home
A visit to any of our toy shops will en-
able you to choose easily an appropriate
gift for any "little man" and, Of
course. our economy prices prevail On all
toys.
SIS keystone Water Tower, $10.9S.
Other Keystone Toys, specially priced,
$3.98 to $9.45.
Empire Mechanical Train Set, $a.19.
Other Mechanical Trains, $3.50 10
$4.98.
Daredevil Flyer, oSc.
Other Aeroplane Toys, sec to $2.9S.
The Big Parade, CSC.
Charleston Trio, 49c.
Footballs, CSC.
Painting Sets, Csc and $1.00.
Rubber Balls, sc to $1.98.
Other Splendid Toys, 25c and up.
Evening star., 1928-12-17
SIX KILLED AS TRAIN
HITS CAR AT CROSSING
Three Women, Man and Two Boys
Die, Two Others Injured
in Indiana Wreck.

BY the Associated Press.
WINDFALL, Ind, December IT.
Six persons, all members of Kokomo,
Ind, family, were killed and two others
critically injured when the automobile
in which they were riding was struck
by Pennsylvania mail train at a cross
ing here yesterday afternoon.
The dead are: Mrs. Mary Hines, so:
Mrs. Frank Carlisle, 80; daughter of
Mrs. Hines; Lloyd Richey, 80, son-in-
law Of Mrs. Hines; Mrs. Lloyd Richey,
Evening star., 1928-12-17
for "BROTHER JACK"

These Things Will Appeal
To Any Young Man
Here are appropriate gifts for the col
lege man or the young fellow who Is IN
business.
Bee Line Golf Balls, $3.75 dozen.
Genuine Leather Bill Folds, 9Sc to
S4.9S.
SO Clark FREELY Set Pocket Lighter
and Leather Cigarette Case), $5.49.
Briar Pipes, SOC to $500.
Ash Trays, Csc and up.
Poker Chips, 59c to $1.49.
Paris Carriers, 29c to 59c.
$500 Gillette Razors, $4.49.
Cigarette Holders, Csc and up.
$3.50 Desk Lighters, $1.49.
Metal Cigarette Boxes, Acc and up.
Evening star., 1928-12-17

80: Eugene H. Richey, age 8, and Fred
erick Elliott. age S, grandson of Mrs.
Hines. Those critically injured are Mrs.
Virgin Elliott, 80, another daughter of
Mrs. Hines, and Frank Carlisle, "a,
driver of the machine.
Evening star., 1928-12-17

amount Of air Is changed every four
and one-half minutes without any per-
ceptible draft.
Evening star., 1928-12-17
for JUNGLE TED"
You'll Want to Remember
Dear Old "Unkie"

You'll find any number Of gifts for men
our stores here are just few
nat should prove interesting.
Flashlights, S5c to $4.OO.
Shaving Mirrors, 59c.
Shaving Brushes, 59c and up.
S5 Box of so Gillette Blades,
$3.50.
Cigar Holders, Csc and up.
$3.50 Neva-Smok Ash Receiver
Set, $3.49.
s5. Auto-Strop Razors, $4.49
Smoking Stands, CSC and up. :.
Pocket Lighters, CSC and up.
Fountain Pens, CSC to $500.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

fertilize the eggs and return them to the
water to develop under natural condi-
tionS.
The Potomac River commercial fish,
ermen take Shad eggs for artificial
propagation, fertilize them and deliver
them on the fishing grounds or to coli
lecting boats sent out for the purpose
In advance of the spawning season all
fishermen operating within a reason
able distance of the hatchery are pro-
vided with pans, dipperS and other
necessary equipment to take and care
for the eggs, and each days collection
Is promptly delivered by the fishermen
to men employed by the Bureau of
Fisheries. After the eggs have been in
the hatchery for 48 hours all good eggs
each fisherman receives compensation
at the rate of $22.50 per million eggs,
the measurement being based on $4,000
eggs to fluid quart.
A peculiar characteristic of the Shad
Is that fish in prime spawning condition
are rarely taken by any form Of fishing
appliance except between the hours of
4 and 10 pm. Eggs in. fish taken dur
ing the morning hours seldom are Suffi-
GENTLY advanced to respond to artificial
treatment, and fish taken after 10 pm.
are usually spent or partially so.
As a rule the best eggs are secured
from the gill nets. Eggs from fish
taksn in large seines usually are of an
inferior quality but those from the
smaller seines, which are landed very
soon after the fish have been sur
rounded, are of better grade. The
eggs from flsh held in nets for several
hours are valuelesS for artificial prop
agation, since shad die very soon after
capture and the eggs rarely are suscep-
tible of fertilization longer than 20 min
utes after the fish have been taken from
the water.
The gill nets used on the Potomac are
tomarily lifted during the last stages
of the ebb tide and the beginning of
the flood. Therefore, while other condi-
Evening star., 1928-05-27

wholesale fishery trade, canning and
other fishery industries.
The amount of capital invested in the
fisheries and fishery industries was SILL
269, sos, and included 464 fishing and
transporting vessels, valued at $3,313,-
112. Compared with 1920 there was a
decrease of IL in the number of per-
sons engaged in the fisheries and fishery
industries and an increase Of $500, ,106,
or 5.23 per cent In the investment.
The fisheries of Maryland in 1925
gave emgloyment to 1925 persons, of
whom 1,795 were on vessels fishing, 5l8
on vessels transporting fishery products,
$500 in the shore or boat fisheries, and
8,092 on shore in connection with the
fisheries, in wholesale establishments,
canneries and other fishery industries
The investment In the fisheries and
fishery industries amounted to $8,O53,-
239, and included 391 motor and sail
fishing vessels, valued at $545, ,750, with
outfits valued at $751; ,430: 242 motor
and sail transporting vessels, valued at
$3.50 900, and outfits valued at $88, ,760; /;
7,406 motor, sail, row and other boats,
valued at $1,311 oil; fishing apparatus
employed on vessels, valued at $37, ,156,
and on boats to the value of $503 ,609,
and shore and accessory property val
ued at $133,975.
The decrease in the number Of shad
In the Potomac River In recent years is
attributed mainly to overfishing. The
history of the shad fisheries indicates
that as early as 1880 there had been q
marked decrease in the yield from nearly
every river on the Eastern coast. The
abundance of the anadromous fishes Is
too easily overestimated Crowding as
they do at one particular season into
the restricted water courses, they be-
come an easy prey to mans pursuit, and
unless the greatest foresight and re-
straint are exercised in connection with
the fisheries their numbers are likely to
diminish rapidly and their complete
extinction be perhaps matter Of only
few years.
On the Atlantic coast the commercial
Evening star., 1928-05-27

females usually weigh from to 6
pounds, the average being about ~
pounds. The general average for both
sexes is between 334 to 4 pounds.
The natural range Of the sl1ad Is the
Atlantic coast from Florida to New
foundland, its center Of abundance being
from North Carolina (the first s1ad Of
the season eaten by Washingto tonians
come from North Carolina) to Long
Island, New York In the early history
of the shad its numbers excited aston
ishment. Nearly every river on the
Atlantic coast was invaded by immense
schools, which furnished an ample sup
ply of good food.
According to recent canvasseS, the
catch Of shad by States, in pounds and
value to the fishermen, was as follows:
Maine, 414,455 pounds, value $26, 1893;
Massachusetts,, 62,337, $4,309: Connecti-
cut, 463,203, $50 1887: New York (ls21),
1852, $27.128: New Jersey, 168. .637,
$44,460; Pennsylvania, 1872, $5,834;
Delaware, 1886, $16,312; Maryland
1920. 1857, 1876, $S55,217: Virginia,
1928, ,805, $1.145,1 log: North Carolina.
l .657 ,036, $376,696: South Carolina, 167,-
462, $29,085: Georgia, 1o0,54O, $26, $50;
Florida, 963. 1905. $135,844; Washington
State, 48,039, $769; Oregon, 57e,003,
$11 1892, and California, 1,l33,270, $55,-
51S. Total, 15,138,989. $2,S4s,595.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

tions may be favorable, but few eggs
are obtained unless the proper stage Of
the tide comedies with the spawning
hours of the fish, since at other times
they are not in good condition for
stripping.
During their migration up the rivers
to the spawning grounds in the Spring
Shad are very responsive to climatic
conditions. During a very warm sea-
son the fish attain spawning conditions
earlier than under normal conditions,
while an unusually cold season will have
the opposite effect A water tempera-
ture of 80 degrees has been known to
result fatally to shad eggs, not only to
those under incubation but also to the
eggs in the parent fish. The same
effect will be produced by an abnor-
mally low water temperature or sudden
ductuation in other directions.
Early In March the mean water tenn
perature of the Potomac at Bryans
Point, Md, Is normally between 35 and
40 degrees; by the middle Of April, when
the spawning season usually opens, 1t
is between SO and So degrees, and by
the close of the spawning period, 1at the
end Of May, the average Is from IS to
20 degrees. F'reShets, unusual turbid-
ity of water and the direction and
velocity Of the wind all are factors In
the movements Of shad
4 r
In stripping the eggs, the shad Is lifted
= with the right hand and caught
above the tail with the left. All slime
and loose scales are removed by going
over the fish two or three times in
quick succession with the right hand.
The head Is carried to the left side
under the arm and there retained by
the arm, the tail being bent slightly
upward with the left hand. When the
fish Is properly adjusted its head Is
nearly concealed. The fish is held
right hand the eggs will flow freely II
mature. Two fish may be stripped into
Evening star., 1928-05-27
Oil on the Waters.

TT has long been known that oil
poured upon the surface Of stormy
water has wonderful effect in calm
ing it and many vessels have probably
been saved from destruction by this
simple process.
The reason of this curious effect Of
oil upon water is superficially apparent
1t depends upon the viscosity. or adhe-
siveness, of the oil, which causes 1t to
act somewhat like a skin drawn over
the more unstable surface Of the water,
so that the tendency Of the latter to
break into spray as it is driven by the
wind IS restrained The danger to
ships from a high.running sea arises
from this breaking Of the waves. As
long as the surface of the waves is
smooth and unbroken the ship rides
easily upon them.
But while the principle upon which
the oil acts is thus evident enough. the
real method Of its action Is not so
apparent. This has been subjected to
a mathematical investigation by a dis
tinguished scientist. f<
1t is shown that the viscosity Of oil
is so much greater than that Of water,
NeAoO
230 times as great. that the water may
be regarded as frictionless liquid In
comparison with the OIL The surface
tension between the oil and the air
Is also shown to be considerably greater
than that between the oil and the
water. With these data It Is found that
there win be no breaking Of the waves
unless the latter vary in length between
two fractions Of a centimeter-naunely
nine-elevenths and hve-sixths.
The result would, of course, vary q
little with different kinds Of oil, and.
as a matter of fact, the reports of
mariners show that there IS consid-
cradle difference in the effect produced
upon the waves, depndtng upon the
sort Of oil that Is used. Petroleum and
various kinds Of fish oils have been en-
ployed. The effect Is always found 70
be beneficial. though In varying degrees.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

fisheries are In many instances concen-
trated at or near the mouths OF the
rivers, tending to prevent an adequate
escape to the spawning areas in the
rivers The erection Of dams entirely
cuts of large spawning areas, and the
destruction Of spawn and fry by sewage
and other trade and industrial wastes
and the large amount of sediment car
ried by the rivers at flood stage have
made heavy drains upon the natural
abundance of the shad.
In many streams of the Atlantic sea-
board the shad has been destroyed en-
tirely by these combined agencies; In
the others the number of shad that
reach their spawning grounds has been
so diminished that natural reproduction
is becoming yearly less effective in
keeping UP the supply.
4 \ 4
THE Potomac River Immediately ad-
jacent to Fort Washington, IL miles
to be more productive Of ripe shad eggs
than any other place of equal area.
This was discovered as early as 1880,
and station was soon developed there
with full equipment by the Bureau of
Fisheries. In March, 1892, the station
was moved to its present location at
Bryans Point, on the Maryland side of
the river opposite Mount Vernon.
On the Potomac, where 1t is still
possible to conduct shad cultural opera
tions successful, J, the average .atch for
the five-year period 1919 to 1928 was
543, 900 fish. The average take Of eggs
for this period was 34,756,40 per an
mum. The eggs taken from the spawn
ing areas, in proportion to the catch
Of fish In the entire river, was 64,000,-
900 eggs per 100000 fish,. At present,
under existing conditions on the Poto-
mac River, a maximum egg take is
secured. 1t Is desirab,, that the shad
be unmolested on the spawning area,
that proper escape be provided for,
and that the commercial fishermen
strip the ripe fish caught in their nets.
Evening star., 1928-05-27
BY PERRY MILLER.

Y v YHAT are the most important
fishes in American waters?
" This Is question often
asked, and the answer is
likely to vary with the geo.
graphical distribution of the persons
addressed.
The man from Massachusetts will
undoubtedly name the cod, and from
the Hudson River to the st. Johns a
vote would probably favor the shad and
herring among the river fishes and the
bluefish and Squeteague, or trout, among
the marine species. Along the many
miles Of low-lying coast that extends
from Key West to the Rio Grande the
fishermen and the fish-eating public
can hardly conceive of anything more
important in the way of food fish than
the mullet and snapper.
Throughout the Great Lakes the
whitefish, trout and pike perch are so
abundant and support such extensive
fisheries that they would undoubtedly be
awarded first place by millions Of people
in he States abutting on those waters.
On the Pacific Coast, without heSita-
ton or fear of contradiction, first place
among fishes goes to the salmon, which,
entering every stream from the Golden
Gate to Bering Strait, constitute the
most conspicuous element of the fish
life.
Residents of WASHINGTON and natives
of both Maryland and Virginia when
asked the question will say. undoubt-
edly, without hesitation, the shad The
Potomac .shad is and has been one of
the most palatable and popular of
fishes. Since the days Of George WASH
ington and John Marshall "planked
shad" has been regarded as one Of the
most delicious of fishes for the table.
Among the hundreds of Potomac
River fishermen one of the outstanding
figures is Isaac Hall, hale and hearty al
rs wears of age. Hall operates the Gun
ston Cove fishing shore, which he has
fished for 56 years, and Is still actively
engaged In the industry. During his
long life as a fisherman Mr.. Hall has
reared 25 children, some Of whom help
in the business.
During the last four or five years the
haul seine has been abandoned in favor
of the gill, or drift net. These nets are
purchased by the pound, and run In
depth from Is or 20 feet to so feet
according to the places to be flshed
In the case of the haul net. formerly
used, it was necessary to employ Is tc
20 men to operate 1t, but with the gil
net a boat and two men Is all that L
necessary. One man is to row or oper-
ate the motor, If 1t Is motor boat, anc
the other to place the net in the water.
These nets vary in length, some Ions
end some short, but none OF them a.
long as the old haul net. The top o.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

the net is fastened to large, round corks,
which keep 1t afioat, and they are al
lowed to drift with the tide. Some
fishermen permit the net to remain in
the water. until the tide changes, and
others, seeing that the net has COM
menced to bag from the weight of the
fish, haul it in fter short time In the
water. The fish in trying to go up or
down stream run into the meshes of
the net and are caught in the gills:
hence the name "gill nets"
Eve J fisherman has his own ideas
about the best time to place his nets In
others slack water. In making haulS
this Spring net fishermen have got as
many as $50 to 200 Shad in one haul,
but from reliable sources this is said to
be above the average.
In making the haul one man rows
the boat and the other takes up the
net, as shown in the illustration, and
throws the shad in the bottom Of the
boat. This operation Is repeated day
after day until the Shad have all re-
turned to their homes in the deeper
sea waters.
When the "last run of shad" has
made its departure the net fishermen
very carefully place their nets on pre-
pared racks to dry and get them in
shape for next seasons work, using
extreme care to see that all torn places
are mended and that no holes are made
in the nets during the drying process.
The racks for drying the nets are long,
smooth poles, mounted about 8 or
feet from the ground, so that the air
will strike underneath as well as on top.
X 4 X 4
STATISTICS prepared by the Bureau
of Fisheries show that the once
abundant Potomac shad is getting
scarcer year by year, and that between
1880 and 1925 these fish have fallen
from a catch in Maryland waters Of
3,774,426 pounds in 1880 to l,26O,l52
pounds in 1925, and in Virginia from
II ,529 ,474 pounds in 1897 to 6,103, ,704
pounds in 1925. The value of the catch
in Maryland in 1880 was $140, 1926, and
in 1925. despite the fact that the catch
was 2,574,279 pounds less than in 1880,
the commercial value OF the fish in
creased to 1884, 1888, an increase of more
than 100 per cent In Maryland. The
value of Virginia's catch Of shad In 1897
was $304,448 and for the year 1925
81 ,373, ,491, an increase Of more than 800
per cent.
The number of persons engaged In
the fisheries and related industries in
Virginia in 1925 was 1886, of whom
zoos were on fishing vessels, 467 on
vessels transporting fishing products,
1l,673 in the shore or boat fisheries,
and 1921 engaged as shoremen con-
nected with the flsheries and In the
Evening star., 1928-05-27

Reduced Catch in Maryland and Vir-
ginia Waters Is Recorded for Recent
Years-Gill or Drift Net Has Come
Into Popular Use and Is Found to Be Es-
pecially Effective - Fine Records Have
Been Made This Spring - Natural
Range of Shad From Florida to New
foundland.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

w YHAT are the most important
fishes in American waters?
wv This Is a question often
V ' asked, and the answer is
Evening star., 1928-06-03
WEIGH SALARY BILL
WILL BE DISCUSSED
Federal Bar Association to Hold
Annual Dinner Tues
day Night.

Incidents Of the hearings and pas
sage OF the Smoot-Welch bill provid-
ing FOR salary increases for Federal en-
pioyes, will be discussed at the annual
dinner of the Federal Bar Association
at the Hamilton Hotel at 1880 Tuesday.
The association will have as It's guests
a number Of Senators and Represen-
tativcs, newspaper editors and others
who were active in bringing about pas
sage of the salary increase bill A re-
ception will be held in honor of Will
liam r. Valance, new president OF the
association. and other newly elected Of
ficers and members OF the executive
council
All Federal attorneys and employees
and their friends. whether they are
members Of the association or not. are
invited. The committee in charge Is
composed Of Edwin A. Mess, j. Ernest
Downin. Wills z. Monty. Henry p.
Alden, r. c. Baggarly and Charles Will
liam Freeman.
Officers OF the association are Mr.
Valance, president; Edwin A. Mess, J.
Ernest Downin and George A. Warren,
vice presidents Ralph G. Cornell, secre-
iary. Henry p. Alden, financial secre-
tary and Willis e. Monty, treasurer.
The executive council Is composed
Of William r. Valance, chairman;
Henry p. Alden. r. G. Baggarly. David
d. Caldwell, Ralph q. Cornell, j.
Ernest Downin, Thomas j. Frailey
Charles William Freeman. Benjamin b.
jenkins. willis f. Monty, Pickens
Neagic, Charles w. Needham. Edwin A.
Mess. George A. Ward. George A.
/ Warren and James A. Wcimore.
Evening star., 1928-06-03

mated at more than 100000. Peking
is not an open port Of trade. and for
eigners, other than members Of the dip
lomatic body, the c,1stoms service mis-
sions and teachers in the schools and
colleges. cannot therefore base their
right TO reside outside the legation area
in the capital on any treaty stipula-
ton.
Treaty of 1903.
The Japanese commercial treaty with
China 1909 stipulated that the Chi
nese government undertake 70 open Of
its own accord place Of international
residence in Peking.
In case Of and after the complete
withdrawal Of foreign troops stationed
in the Province Of Chill and of the
legation guards" Foreign garrisons still
are maintained in Peking and North
China and therefore this condition has
not yet come into force
The residence of foreigners other than
the classes enumerated has been toleF-
ated by the Chinese authorities under
certain conditions, as a result of COM
promise with the legations.
BY 1925 the authority of the Peking
government scarcely extended outside
the city. Trade had become stagnant
and the city was constantly menaced by
opposing armies. The Peking govern
ment-although recognized by the
powers and its representatives accepted
by the League Of Nations as the Chinese
representative@had become a govern
ment in name only. Peking as a world
capital was passing into history.