davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-30

boundless, vastness of unexplored space
and he assumes the importance of a
horse hair. That he should think, Is a
chemical accident, never explained
One astronomer hints that life on a
planet is a disease which afflicts matter
in its old age.
Should the 200-inch disk approach
some solution to the problem of life on
Mars, we venture that within 10 years
there will be a 1,000-inch rejecting
telescope to further the search. Knowl
edge of cosmic life is one branch of
pure science that will never have to
starve for funds. In the opposite di-
rection, the earth's center, man has al
ready upset his fondest dreams by dis
covering life almost one mile below the
earths surface. True, the forms are
bacterial, but nevertheless 1t is life, liv-
ing, thriving and multiplying. Two
years ago a man would be judged in
sane if he had broached the idea Of
subterranean life.
l Einstein, the greatest scientist Of this
age, comes forward now with few SIM
pie formulae and juggles figures so as
to make us believe that there Is an end
to space; all these billions and billions
of miles are compressed into a curved
vault. What, then, Mr.. Einstein, be-
comes of starlight after it reaches, say,
the north wall of space? Einstein
leaves the question open. But others
venture an answer. They say, In effect,
that starlight turns to solid matter, then
to blazing stars; that explains the
creation of new sums and solar systems
BY similar reasoning, we might be-
lieve that it Is possible to take electric
light and turn 1t back into coal; take
the light energy from auto lamps and
turn it into good gasoline and undersell
the filling station around the corner
HERE is one Of the most spectacular
l. discoveries in the boundless posi-
bilities Of science-to change solid mat
ter into creative energy, and vice versa.
Conversion Of coal into electric juice is
child's play compared to this. Talk
about magicl Soon a man may walk
the street in the guise Of an electric
volt!
Prof. George w. Ritchey, who de-
signed the Mount Wilson Observatory.
is Americas crusader in the cause Of
bigger and better telescopes. When
other astronomers peeped ecstatically
through 40-inch telescopes, Ritchey was
| already drawing plans for 300-inch
| disk. But with Ritchey size does not
count so much as principles. Grounded
on his ideas, 1t will be possible to make
Evening star., 1928-12-30
STEEL SKELETON OF THE FAMOUS MOUNT WILSON OBSERVATORY

star temperature, for studying distri-
button of atoms in stellar atmospheres
and for sounding atmospheric levels.
Added to this, we shall investigate
the ebb and flow of pulsating giant
stars, some of which are hundreds of
millions of miles in diameter. Another
study will concern heat from stars and
temperatures of moons and planets.
Here physicists will take a major role.
Using a 100-inch disk, they have been
able to determine the heat of candle
100 miles away. So far, they have
measured the exact heat from $50
stars"
X X X
RUT what is the greatest performance
- human ingenuity can saddle on
this gigantic instrument of telescoptics? I?
If man can succeed in focusing its
beams Of light on mysteries of life, he
will have satisfied an age-old yearning.
The most inscrutable puzzle of the uni
verse is the origin and distribution Of
life
Evening star., 1928-12-30

by keeping the mirror tightly closed
during daytime in a well insulated
cover, but there is no means Of guard
ing against abrupt changes of tempera-
ture between successive nights. The
larger the mirror the more difficult be-
comes this problem.
X X X
FUSED quartz, or silica, which IS
\ nothing more than common sand,
has an expansion rate only one-fif-
teenth as great as glass. A stick of
fused quartz may be brought to red
heat, then plunged in ice water without
cracking. Thus, under ordinary ranges
of temperature, quartz disk would
have very little expansion and would
retain its shape even under heat of
the glaring sun. Although harder than
glass, quartz is said to offer no unusual
difficulties to the optical architect.
The smelling process, however, Is
what worries technicians. A tempera-
ture of 1,450 degree G. is necessary
to melt quartz: even in its molten state
Evening star., 1928-12-30

ton is the new telescopes most valu-
able indirect contribution" DR.. Adams
told his colleagues. "A few weeks ago,
a small spiral nebula near one pole of
the Milky Way was discovered with the
100-inch instrument. It is very faint
and probably one Of the most distant
objects within the range of modern tels-
scopes. It was found moving away
from the earth at $500 miles per sec
ond, double the velocity Of any known
body.
These things stir minds and imagi-
nations, and it is to the trained imagi-
nation of scientific men in every genera
ton that science owes her greatest ad-
vances."
Speaking of imagination, it is the
only human quality that feeds on star
dust. If 200-inch disk will nurture
a poet of Mr.. Keats caliber or inspire
new Shakespeare, the price of 18,40C
pounds of gold will be the cheapest
thing Americans ever bought on the
open market
Compare man with the awesome
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Iur@aO Our
-Yars-Re Shrsad Other

Electric Co. has already started its staff
working on the problem of casting a
200-inch mirror, and if preliminary ex-
periments are successful the contract
may not be let out of this country.
Think of it! If stars could be brought
into laboratories there would be no
need for 200-inch disks. Yet star gaz-
ing is science that must be studied in
laboratory. Limitations of telescopes
depend on the amount of light that
can be brought to focus on the reflect
ing mirror.
Give a photographer more light and
faster plates and he can shorten his
exposures. In his case more light is
matter of lenses. Photographic lenses
ere now rapid enough to catch bullet
in flight. The pupil of your eye is a
light gatherer which is less than an
inch in diameter. Galileo's telescope
had glasses 212 inches in diameter; yet
ne saw fully a half a million stars. The
Hooker telescope gathers 100000 times
IS much light as the human eye.
Through its aperture the celestial vault
reveals a thousand million stars.
In astronomy, then, the two salient
difficulties result from the astronomers
inability to bring a star into his labora-
tory or focus sufficient star light on his
mirror. Another difficulty usually en-
countered is the atmospheric shroud
which envelops the earth. Passing
through areas of varying temperature,
| light rays are DETECTED and bent, caus-
/ ing the optical image to dance and blur
Thus it would be impossible to carry
| On high-powered astronomic work from
/ a low altitude. Observatories must
| carry on from mountain tops. Withal
| the astronomers greatest obstacle Is
light. Give him more light and he VIII
| unmask the cosnic night.
A telescope with 200-inch mirror
| will have primary focal length o1
about SIS feet. Its efficiency Will be ex-
traordinary in the light of past expert,
ence. The mirror will collect about
100000 times as much light as tne
human eye, and, with allowances MADE
for losses in the telescope an estimate
of 100000 should be conservative. IL
surface will be about four times large
than the present Mount Wilson disk
Stars of the twenty-fifth magnitude VII
be in reach of Photographic plates
which means that such a star seen a
a distance of 41,000 miles would hav'
the intensity of standard candle fiame
On the disk itself, no area can b
more than 100000 Of an inch abov
or below other portions. AS result
final stages of polishing a large miro
in the optical shop are slow. In use
the front surface must necessarily b
exposed to night air. Since glass con
ducts heat slowly, thin film on to
becomes chilled and distorts the mirror
The effect of temperature range be
tween day and night may be eliminate
Evening star., 1928-12-30

violet to infra-red
The California Institute has appoint
ed four members of its executive coun-
Gil in general charge of the project.
The men named are Messrs. George
Ellery Hale, honorary director of the
Mount Wilson Observatory; Robert A.
Millikan, director of the Norman Bridge
Laboratory; Arthur A. Noyes, director
of the Gates Chemical Laboratory, and
Henry M. Robinson, trustee Of the
institute.
X X X X
THROUGH courtesy of Carnegie In
l. stitution of Washington, Dr. John
A. Anderson, member of the Mount VIII
Evening star., 1928-12-30

With more than billion souls squirm-
ing and thriving on this bountiful
planet, the human species is the only
one that feels kinship with extrater-
restrial space. Who dug the canals on
Mars? Who sent out radio signals
from the ethereal blue? Who else lives
with me? man asks. If I am alone
and surrounded by space-endleSs space
then this earth is haven Of hermits,
and / thirst for sight or sign or mes
sage from any life that lives and multi
plies in this galaxy. A 200inch scope
may answer the question and end the
quest; may unlock the vaults of heaven
and reveal the king to man.
1.-THE appeal made to the imagina-
Evening star., 1928-12-30
Sun DOES.

collar and lunar halos, the rings Of
- light that sometimes appear to circle
the sun or moon at some distance from
them, occur only when the suns or the
moons rays pass through thin clouds
of ice crystals. They are sometimes
held to be a sign of approaching bad
weather.
The colors of the rainbow are present
in both solar and lunar halos and In
their coronas, although not always dis
tinguishable. In the corona, or small
ring close to the sun or moon, the red
Is outermost, while the innermost color
band, violet, touches the orb. In the
halo the color scheme Is directly re-
versed, the red being innermost and the
violet outermosts
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
A Weak Spot


No inquiry into the theft of automobiles in
other States and their sale in this will be "om-
plete unless it reveals the manner, method and
means by which titles to stolen cars were OBJ
tainable in this State.
The Federal Court has returned many in
dictments. The people should remember that
not only does the law presume every one limo
cent until proved guilty, but every sense of
fairness will indicate that judgment be with
held until jury has the same evidence which
was given to grand jurors.
II should also be remembered that men
who have built up regulations and standings in
the community by honesty and integrity are not
likely to become criminals over night.
One of the self evident facts Of the situa-
ton is that there would be no sale of stolen
cars unless it were possible for the vender to
furnish State certificate of ownership.
The object of such certificate is not the
collection of license fee for building roads,
but to protect the owners Of cars against
thievery.
Citizens who purchase cars have every
right, when the State recognizes the title by
issuing a certificate, to believe that the car is
the property of the vendor.
That is not only protection for the pur-
chaser It is also protection for the citizen
who may desire to sell his automobile.
The law in this State is considered one of
the best in the Nation. A certificate, issued
under it, commands respect in other States
and until very recently was considered as
good as a guarantee.
Now it appears that very many cars were
stolen in other States and that when they ap-
peared on the streets here they bore certif-
cate of title in this State.
Before the inquiry ends, the public should
know whether the laws needs changing or the
trouble comes from the manner in which it has
been administered.
certificate of title ought to be just that.
Any one who purchases car certified by the
State ought to be able to feel as secure in his
rights as he does when he enters the corner
grocery and buys sack of flour.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Smith on Immigration

Smith prides himself on campaign frankness. But
his ST. Paul speech last night evasive the very
important problem of immigration.
There is no issue between either the parties the
candidates the question Of sustaining and keeping
in full force and effective the restrictive features of the
present immigration law" he said where they are to
be amended fer the relief of hardship we are in
accord"
The present immigration issue in this country IS
whether the 1890 shall continue to be used
quota basis which in effect favors north Europeans
rather than south Europeans favored by the old law
using the 1910 census basis.
This newspaper consistently has advocated reten-
ton of the 1890 base of the present law We
think this country is better able to absorb north
European immigrants at this time That is Hoover's
position. In his acceptance speech he said:
1.-THE basis in effect carries out the essential
principle of the law and favor repeal of that part Of
the act calling for new basis Of quotas"
But Smith in his acceptance speech, said:
81 opposed to the principle of restriction based
upon the figures Of immigrant population contained in
census thirty-eight years old"
Unless Smith has reversed his position he is mis-
taken in his ST. Paul statement that there is no imi
grafton issue between the candidates. There is.
And, in our Judgment. Smith is on the wrong side
of that issue.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Stunts Hurt EIving

During the first eight months of
this year, German air lines covered
more than 100000 miles and car
ried more than 100000 passengers,
not to mention $50 tons of freight,
750 tons of baggage and an equal
amount Of newspapers and mail
matter.
In spite of all this heavy traffic,
there were but two fatal accidents,
which shows what can be done
when men settle down to business.
Stunt and demonstration flying
continue to take a CHASTITY toll. That
hurts aviation more than anything
else. The splendid records estab-
lished by mail and commercial lines
gets scant publicity compared to the
tragedies which occur in the field
Of experiment and adventure.
If an aviator falls while perform
ing some risky trick. or trying to
hang up a new mark, it is spread
all over the front page. But the
precision and regularity with which
scores of pilots traverse mail routes
or carry passengers from city to
city attract little notice. They,
however, are proving the airplane's
practicability.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Canda Chief BUYER

What country is our best Gus
toner? Ten to one, you will say
England or France or Germany. 1t
is a common habit to think of best
things as far away. 1t effects our
ideas of foreign trade, as well as
missionary work.
For the same reason that we
would give a dollar to convert the
heather Chinese, where we would
not give a nickel to help the
heather of our own town, we
imagine that the bulk of our foreign
commerce originates a quarter of
the way around the world, if not
on the other side.
1t will be startling to most folks
to learn that Canada is our best
customer, that during the first six
months of this year her trade ex-
ceeded that of England by more
than $100,000,000 while it was more
than double that of Germany. We
do not hear so much about Canada
because we get along with her so
well.
The greatest fault with news
these days is that it centers on dis
agreeable events. Routine. conStruc-
tive work gets scant attention.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Reason

I'm view of the religious element i'll
l. this campaign, it is interesting to
recall thot in 1854 Abraham Lincoln
wrote a letter to his friend, Joshua
F. Sueed of Kentucky and in thai
letter he said: Our progress in de-
generacy appears to me to be pref
ty rapid. AS nation we began by
declaring that All men are created
equalp" We now practically read it
"All men are created equal, except
negroes" When the Know Nothings
get control, it will read: "All men
are created equal, except Negroes
and foreigners and Catholics 3"
When it comes to this, 7 shall prefer
emigating to some country where
they make no pretense of loving
libeTty-to Russia, for instance
where despotism can be taken pure,
and without the base alloy of by
pocrisy!"
This Japanese youth who COM
mitted the awful crime in Honolu-
III said he had read of the Loeb and
Leopold and Hickman cases, which
suggests that crime would decline
if the papers would never mention
it, but one paper can't quit unles;
they all quit and they won't all
quit until we have a Mussolini.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Not a Job for Science

Having discovered how to make egg hatch
pulet rather than rooster, science-the great God
of the Present-no doubt will come along with
way to determine-and predertermine-th sex of
baby.
We wish science wouldn't. 1t is all very well to
accentuate the sex of egg-laying birds There is
money in pullets, and ROSTERS not even good
for tourists dinners. But ordering babies by sex
would be quite another thing.
We have all known, Of course, of the egocentric
father who will not be satisfied with anything but
a boy. A son and heir-a herman just as big and
strong and wise he is; to perpetuate the family
name and inherit the debts.
And we know how discounted is the poor mother
who does not happea to produce when wanted
Dear, dear! One girl after another And father the
butt of jokes at the club The girls may athletic
or have a flair for business and get away with It,
But they not boys. The degradation Of not being
a boyI
With the aid of the new science father could be
pleased and mother saved the blame.
But aside from that what of itP When kings were
more important than presidents, it was regarded as
desirable that prince be born rather than princess
to carry on the family business of Ringing. daugh-
ter could be sold to foreign king but she otherwise
was only in the way.
Napoleon, of course would have x-rayed all little
girls into boys they could be put into his armies
Likewise the Bismarcks and KaiserS But we know
that girls bring aid and comfort to the
boys in the trenches quite useful that brought
by some men.
And what disputes there would be in families.
Suppose mother tired Of boys with dirty boots
tracking up the kitchen floor and wanted girl.
And suppose father had the masculine megalomania.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Questions and AnS7e,erS

completely fill the space and
though the pressure decreases
point is eventually reached whS
the pressure is so low that a pump
will not remove any more of the
gas.
What is the correct dress for men
and women at an afternoon we'd
ding?
A woman should wear afternoPn
frock with hose and shoes to matep,
and kid gloves, and a hat Wral
are worn into the church. Unles 81
the wedding is very formal a maN
should wear a dark business suitt
but frock coat and gray striped
trousers would be more correct.
How old must boy be to join
the Navy? What is the term of ems
iistment? -
Enlistment in the United StS Is
Navy is open to men more than 10
and is for four years First enlist
ments of boys II years of age may
be made for the period of their
minority by authority Of the bureau
of navigation Of the Navy depart
ment.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
Mexico Needs j, S,

Staging a runpus has made us
too familiar with Mexico. She has
gone so far in that line as to create
the impression that she has little
else to offer. Mexicos trade, how
ever, is not an item to be sneered at.
Mexico contains one and one-half
times as many people as Canada.
If her resources were property de-
veloped, her commerce organized
and her industrial structure put on
an efficient basis, she would be in
position to offer a proportionately
large market.
We take a business attitude to-
ward Canada and make business,
but we take political attitude to-
ward Mexico and make politics.
Politics is all right, except that
it often fails to produce bread and
butter.
With Portes Gil, a civilian, chosen
to succeed Gales as president of
Mexico, and with Dwight W. Nor
row, a financial expert, representing
the United States, it seems as
though something might be done to
increase trade between the two
countries.
While this would do us a deal of
good, it would do Mexico more good.
The people of Mexico need nothing
so much as a fair chance to earn a
living. We are in a position to help
them and turn an honest penny at
the same time.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
NJ. E..
SAYS:
THE Radio Corporation of Amer.

THE Radio Corporation of Amer
l. lea asks for the privilege of
establishing domestic service in
thirty-two cities Of this country. 1t
claims that it has been unable to
make satisfactory arrangements with
telegraph companies for the trans
mission of the 10000 radiograms it
handles daily over the Atlantic and
tthe 1000 it handles over the Pa
cific. 1t claims further that such
service would bring about a reduc-
ton in domestic telegraph rates.
Whatever one may think of these
claims, the Radio Corporations move
is significant For one thing, it
suggests that the future holds more
for wireless than the transmission
Of jazz, concerts, stump speeches
and other forms of audible enter
tainment.
To be sure, messages have been
passnigto and fro across the ocean
for several years, warships have
communicated with each other and
vessels in distress have sent out
calls for help. This aspect of radio,
however, has been overshadowed by
the noise of 'steen million parlor
sets. The general public still re-
CARDS radio as something to be
turned on when one can not think
OF anything else to do.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28
hoRGAGNI

sor OF anatomy thus succeeding to the post which
had been held by many famous men, among them
Vesaius Falopius and Febricius whose acquaintance
readers have made in these articles
The early anatomiStS had been interested in the
normal structure of the human body. This was only
natural for at the time they worked nothing at all
had been really known of it.
Morgagnfs greatness lay in the fact that he turned
his attention to the changes which took place in the
organs of the body the result of disease.
Very little work of any value had been done in this
field There one fairly important publication
Bonets "Sepulchretum, but it was full of errors.
Morgaeni, however, did writing upon this par
tcular phase of the subject until he was &c.
AT that time he fond of discussing medical
matters with young friend
At the friends request, Morgagn wrote series OF
letters to him.. The friend encouraged him to con-
tinue these letters until they numbered 70.
Then the friend urged him to publish them as a
book.
The result the book entitled de Sedibus." in
which Morgagni set forth his many years of observa
tons the anatomical changes which take place
during disease.
The book made pathology a science.
Morgagn a lovabe and splendid character
from every point of view Sprengel wrote Of him. ct is
hard to say whether should admire most his rare
deXterty and quickness in dissection his unimpeach-
able love of truth and justice in his estimation of the
work of others, his extensive scholarship and rich
classical style his downright common sense anc
manly speech"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-09-28

By
Frederick
lands

A DNIIRAL HORTHY, dictator of
LAHungary, is urging the mothers
OF that land to present him with
large families and in return he is
giving the women prizes for eff
ciciency.
If Horthy had to go through the
experience Of bringing just one in
FAINT into the world he would spend
the rest of his life boosting birth
control.
n
While eXhorting the ministers to
save the country because Smith is
wet, Mrs. Mabel Willebrandt turns
around and gets in bad by recogniz-
ing the medicinal use of whisky by
ordering the Florida authorities to
give the Red Cross all the good Ii
quor they had in stock.
1t looks like Mabel had slipped
and dislocated her campaign in
f1uence.