davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
WAR AND REVOLUTION IMPRINT
MARKS ITALIAN POPULATION
Entire Younger Generation Thinks and Acts Differ
emily Than Did Its Predecessors, But Normally
i Diligently Sought.

had hitherto been unaware. In COM
mon with youth everywhere, they were
disposed TO enjoy themselves while they
couid--and to forget. Traditional moral
codes lost their potency. They have
not entirely recovered their force in
Italy In some respects the moral and
social outlook will remain permanently
modified But observers seem to agree
that Italy has moved and is moving
steadily back toward pre-war standards
Of conduct in most respects.
A larger measure of economic inde-
pendence for young people seems TO be
one of the permanent notifications of
the World War Prior to the war only
the daughters Of the poorer classes went
into gainful occupations. Ever since
the war there has been tendency for
daughters of more well-to-do families
TO work until marriage. The higher
standard of life demanded by Italian
families since the war has accumulated
this tendency, as have also the increased
opportunities for women to work
The Italian husband, however, con-
siders Il reflection on his prowess as
a proyider to have 1t known that his
wife goes out to work. Fascism Is in
principle anti-feminist, holding 1t To be
the supreme duty Of women to be wives
and mothers. There Is, accordingly a
powerful social pressure against mar
ried women remaining wage-earners
unless there are ail-compelling eco
n0nic reasons.
Twenty-three seems 10 be the aver
age age for marrying in Italy. 1t Is
much later, Of course, among the pro-
fessionaI classes, whose earnings do not
permit them to marry as early as a
peasant or factory laborer can marry.
Men Look at DowrieS.
Economic considerations play a large
part in marriage today In Italy~-larger
than before the war, 1t would appear
Social or class motives and personal
affection enter, Of course, but the young
man contracting an alliance Is anxious
to assure continuance Of the same, II
not higher, standard OF living than he
enjoyed previous TO marriage. His
romantic incIinations accordingly have
a practical direction and he has more
than passing interest In the dowry
Of his intended
Life In Italy q decade after the war
is, therefore a blend Of old ideas and
morals and new post war notions. You
will see the same conflicting standards
In individual Italians, Our maid, for
example, leads a life OF exemplary
morality. Yet she finds her native
country town too dull TO endure even
for a brief summer vacation She re-
joices in economic independence. but
her fance nearly broke her Jaw when
he suspected her Of talking 10 strange
young man II anything. old ideas are
stronger than new ones In Italy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

n TOT many years ago no foreign
diplomat considered for a mo-
ment the possibility of remain
4 ing in Washington during the
Summer The first week in
sometimes earlier-Saw the fileS
and staff of every legation and embassy
moved To Manchester or Newport or Bal
Harbor where they remained until mid
September
During the Summer there were no
Intervening trips 10 Washington, Not
even the outbreak of the World War
could bulge the allied and enemy dip
ionatS from the New England beaches.
II vas from Manchester that Ambas-
ssdor Dumba of the then powerful
Austro- Hungarian Empire telegraphed
the State Department in July. 1914, re-
porting the assassination of tbs Arch
duke Franz Ferdinand at Saraievo.
II was from Newport that the Rus
kien Ambassador, Bakhmeteff, sent this
cryptic telegram to Secretary of State
BRYAN on August ?. 1914: Il have just
been informed by my government that
Germany has declared war on US.
Notices in kilograms.
From the German embassy, at the
same Summer resort, came a similar
message II am instructed By my gov
LIST of August Germany is in state of
war with Russia
The italian embassy telegraphed from
Manchester notifying Bryan Of Italy's
intention of remaining neutral.
The Norwegian Minister telegraphed
the same message from Seal Harbor,
Me The French embassy, at MancheS-
Ter. sent lengthy explanation on the
way hostilities were started; but not
one diplomat. on the eve Of the great
est war in history, took the trouble to
return to Washington for personal con-
ferenceS with the State Department.
Today this has changed.
On the eve of the signing of the
greatest peace treaty in history most
Of the diplomatic corps has either re-
manned in Washington or committed
between Washington and New England
Ambassador Paul Claudel Cancelled his
sailing To France in order 10 remain
in Washington for the treaty negotia-
tons The italian Ambassador. Giacomo
de MARITIME. remained in the Capital
until the negotiations were practically
concluded. as did also the Spanish
Ambassador. Alexandra Padilla, and
Jan Ciechanowski. the Polish Minister
Ambassador Prittwitz made two trips
from the German embassy in Man.
chester in order TO keep in touch with
the negotiations. although they had
been concluded as far as his own
government was concerned Although
Sir ESnne Howard returned TO Europe
early in the Summer, MIR Chiffon,
charge d. affaireS. remained in WASH
.ngton during the entire negotiations
The charge d. affairs of the Japanese
embassy. Setsuzo Sawada, also has re-
manned here throughout the Summer
See New Movement
Many diplomats believe that this
marks the beginning Of a movement to
keep all of the foreign diplomatic posts
IN the National Capital throughout
the Summer Sir Esme Howard ex-
poets that the new British embassy
overlooking Massachusetts, avenue will
be cool and comfortable and has al
ready told his staff that after its COM
plefion the Summer embassy at Man.
chester will be abandoned
Several factors make for this diplo-
matte shift from the New England
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

Washington more than ready to fortify
it with an agreement never to resort
to war to settle possible disputes.
1t has been observed in Washington
that the Nationalist In China have
acted with moderation. They have is
sued some manifestoes that implied
radical action, but the action has not
developed up to this time. and such in
dications of American policy as have
come from the State Department have
recorded satisfaction with Nationalist
conduct. The moment American lives
and property are safe in China, with
out the protection which the United
States under treaties has the right to
extend, the withdrawal of American
Marines and naval vessels is assured.
DR.. Julius Klein, director of the Btu
reau of Foreign and Domestic Com
merce in the Department of Commerce.
lately has pointed out the Importance
to the United States of trade in the
Pacific by showing that 1t Is increas-
ing at faster ratio than in any other
grand division of the globe. The total
still Is far under our trade with Eu-
rope and some other areas. but the
percentage of gain is greater In the
Pacific. II this is true with the United
States 1t is even more true of Japan.
whose trade with China, in particular.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
The Story the Week Has Told

proper and adequate protection of Amer
lean citizens. their property and their
lawful rights, and, in general treatment
in no way discriminatory as compared
with the treatment accorded to the in
terests of nationals of any other coun-
try
Within "a hours OF the dispatch o.
the note partially quoted above, a
Cino- American treaty was signed at
Picking by Mr. MacMurray, our Minis
ter to China. and T. " Soong, minis
ter of finance of the Nationalist gov
eminent OF China, plenipotentiaries for
their respective governments, of which
treaty the following are the important
paragraphs:
IAN provisions which appear In treat
les hitherto concluded and in force be-
tween the United States of America
and China relating to rates of duty on
imports and exports of merchandise,
drawbacks, transit dues and tonnage
dues in China shall be annulled and
become imperative, and the principle
OF complete national tariff autonomy
shall apply. subject however, TO the
condition that each OF the high con-
tracing parties shall enjoy In the ter
ritories Of the other with respect to
the above specified and any related
matters, treatment In no way discrimi-
natory as compared with the treatment
accorded TO any other country.
THE nationals of neither of the high
contracting parties shall be compelled
under any pretext whatever to pay
within the territories OF the other party
any duties, internal charges or taxes
upon their importations and exporta-
tions other or higher than those paid
by nationals OF the country or by ma
tionals of any other country
THE above provisions shall become
effective on January /, 1923. provided
that the exchange of notifications here
matter provided shall have taken place
by that date, otherwise at a date four
months subsequent to such exchange OF
Publications"
Orders have been issued for the with
drawal from China Of about 1900 OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
BY WILLIAM RUFUS SCOTT.

~ ATSUJI DEBUCHI, whose ap-
pointment as Ambassador OF
X ,Iapan to the United States
N has been approved by Emperor
Hirohito will bring to Wash
ineton this Autumn special fitness
for the position in view OF the impor-
lance of Chinese and Manchurian al
fairs in the diplomacy OF the Pacihc
area. .,--,-.
Mr.. Debuchi has been vice minister
NJ foreign affairs of Japan for the last
several wears, where he has been able
To know the most intimate considera-
tions influencing japanese policy in the
Far Fast, Moreover. from his former
work in washington as counselor. and
In other positions i'm the embassy, he
has the advantage of knowing Ameri-
can viewpoints, and speaks English
perfectly
THE Toxic foreign Office is expected
IN he much more assured in having Mr..
Dehuchi here than If some diplomat
who has not been recently in Japan
were named to succeed Tsuneo Matsu-
iaira. whose daughter is to we'd the
brother of the Emperor of Japan, and
who is himself to be transferred from
washington to the London embassy.
The Chinese Problem i'm Japan.
China under Nationalist auspices
presents the same problem to the
United States that she does to Japan,
namely. demand for a revision of
treaties, tariff autonomy and generally
to exercise complete mastery within her
borders instead of the partial control
prevailing under existing relations with
the great powers. Mr.. Debuchis prin-
cipal task will be to make Japan's Chi
nese policy acceptable to the United
States
The special interest Japan has in
Manchuria is yet to be reconciled with
Chinese desires for control of that area.
No American trader has found in the
last few years any barriers raised to
him by Japan in Manchuria. On the
contrary. the peace and order MAIN
tanned by Japan in that area have
made 1t possible for American trade to
flourish so that the United States has
no quarrel with Japan in respect to
the "open door" or equal opportunity
for all nations.
But if the United States recognizes
the new Nationalist regime, which is
likely in due course If the Nationalist
continue or the even keel so far MAIN
tanned. such recognition is expected to
include Chinese sovereignty over Man.
churia. The territorial integrity of
China has been a basic condition in
American policy. Thus Japan will
need to keep her viewpoint before
washington in an acceptable light. and
Mr.. Debuchi is believed qualified to
do so.
Japanese Policy in Manchuria.
AS disclosed 10 this date. japanese
policy In Manchuria appears to boil
down to this: That Japan will safe
guard her investment in railroads,
mines, factories. farms. harbors and
other properties there from the chaos
of civil war This was the basis of the
warning given to both Nationalist and
Northerners that fighting would not
be allowed in Manchuria. The Japa-
nese investment is around $500, 100000
in Manchuria.
Having protected her investments. the
foreign Office OF Japan has proclaimed
a readiness to negotiate new treaties
with China and to recognize Chinese
sovereignty over Manchuria. Reports
to the effect that Japan intends to an
mex Manchuria do not square with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
Moscow Acts To Stop
Drinking by Children

The children seem 10 be tapping it up
IN Moscow. Al any rate a conference
Of mothers summoned by q MOSCOW
newspaper In cooperation with a tenn
perance society asserts that drinking
OF vodka by children In Russia Is in
creasing and that something should be
done TO stop IL.
The conference decided TO warm
families not 10 send children 10 buy
vodka, not TO drink vodka before chill.
dren. not 10 bring into the house any
friends or guests who are heavy drink
ers In addition, the conference rec
commended a law prohibiting sale Of
vodka 10 minors under II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

respect OF the Locarno pacts. Britain
similarly reserves and thereto taxes
occasion tsome discover an epochal quail
ity In the additionl to announce what
has been called British Monroe Doe
trine" In language as follows:
There are certain regions OF the
world the welfare and integrity or
which constitute special and vital M
tereSt for our peace and safety, His
Matesty's government has been al pains
TO make 1t clear In the past that In
reference with these regions cannot
be suffered"
Britain accepts the treaty ON the dis.
tinct understanding that lit does not
prejudice her freedom of action In the
respect" Language OF u delicate vague
ness, but its import Is readily SEEM
As to how such reservations are rec
oncilable with the purport OF the treaty,
the reader Is referred to Secretary
Kellogg's notable speech OF April Is
A set OF eynics insist that these reSer-
yations practically nuilify the treaty.
Others reply that main virtue OF the
treaty Is that II lacks Sanctions, Is
silent concerning instrumentalities for
effecting peace. Is entirely innocent of
techniealities: but that, not in spite OF,
but because OF. such omissions II Is
certain to exercise an immense bench
cent influence on world opinion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
JAPANESE WOMAN WORKERS
CAUSE UPSET In LABOR WORLD
Men Turn 10 Suicide as Chances of Finding Jobs De-
crease Under Increased Competition-Minis-
terial Bureau Heads Are Seeking Rmdy.

| In Toxic assisting in the driving OF
| piles for foundations Of modern steel
structures, showing bargss through the
| cityS canals by the use OF 30-foot ham,
boo poles and az other tasks. But
the problem Of the woman outdoor
worker is as nothing compared 20 thar
of the indoor factory workers.
Methods Debated at Conference.
The recent conference dealt with the
method of employing woman factory
operatives with view toward protect
ing their interests. The part PLAYED
by reckless employment agents was
major topic at the meeting.
Factory workers are recruited on
commission basis by these agents. u
was explained They may be repre-
SentativeS Of particular factories. but
usually are not. The commission
charged by these agents force the
woman workers to remain at their ichS
for many months before they ran BE-
come free OF debt,
The employment agents tour the
country regions making house 20 house
calls upon the agricultural families. and
as many of them are extremely hard
pressed for money they accept cash
payment In advance for their daugh-
ter's wages
The items Of discussion at the con-
ference were divided into two groups.
one affecting woman factory workers
and the other for the protection Of
professional" woman workers, such as
Stenographers ana cleres-i ~oxsrr@.
There are no woman lawyers and prob
ably no Woman doctors. and any
woman who works In an Office IN
Japan Is considered IN profession.
Average 50 Cents q Day.
A few startling facts are revealed by
government statistics. The number Of
women who applied to public employ
ment officeS for work in 1890 was
$500 In 1924 the number leaped 20
81 1000 and steadily increased until Il
reached the 100000 mark in 1928.
The average wages they earn in the
majority OF eases is reported 20 be
about so cents day. some, however,
earn as much as 81 or $50 The ma
loritv az those emrloyed ON utonthly
salaries are receiving nom % to $40
rhe highest paid women receive SIS
TO so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
BY b. W. FLEISHER.

Correspondent OF The star and ChicaSo
Daily News IN Japan.
Japan is faced by the problem of a
steadily increasing number of woman
workers. and. conference was held re-
Gently by the four regional bureaus OF
the ministry of home affairs to seek
remedy.
New and unprecedented difficulties
are arising. The increase In woman
workers is one of the reasons given
by the metropolitan police board In
explaining the increase in suicides
among working men. Only 664 men
ended their lives voluntarily In 1924.
but In 1925 $40 men committed suicide
and the police authorities see economic
conditions behind large proportion OF
the cases.
Woman day lahorers are to be seen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

Article ~ The high contracting
parties solemnly declare, In the names
OF their respective peoples, that they
condemn recourse to war for the solu-
ton OF international controversies and
renounce II as an instrument of ma
tional policy In their relations with one
another.
Article 2 - The high contracting
parties agree that the settlement or So
luton of all disputes or conflicts. of
whatever nature or of whatever origin
they may be, which may arise among
them shall never be sought except by
pacific means"
II Is the expectation that the treaty
will formally and with dramatic cir
cumstanceS be signed at Paris within
a few weeks by representatives Of the
Is governments namely, those of the
United States, Great Britain, France,
Germany Japan and italy, OF Poland
Belgium and CZechoslovakia and of
Canada Australia. New Zealand, the
Irish Free State. the Union Of South
Africa and india. II is not quite clear
but apparently only IA governments
were especially invited by our Govern
ment to become original signatories OF
the treaty. these including the great
est powers excepting the United States
Russia and China, all the autonomous
states OF the British commonwealth OF
nations plus India. and all signatories
Of the Loearno pacts, Observe, how
ever, that the preamble to the treaty
extends q general invitation to all other
governments 10 adhere as soon as the
treaty comes In force,
refrain from comment on the char
acter of the treaty, this being an edi-
torial function, but invite attention
To the reservations (some call them Eek
plantations" but really, Is II oneel which
accompanied several of the aceeptanees,
notably those of Great Britain and
France. France reserves the right 20
use force to make good her treaty oom-
mitmentS, especially In respect of the
sanctions" Of the covenant and IN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

to Santander for the Queens Gun pre-
sented by the Queen of Spain, tbs
Elena winning the race of class A
Yachts for the Kings Cup presented
by the King of Spain, the class A
Yachts having started from Ambrose
Light week after the little dears.
Both yachts were skippered by their
owners; the Nina by Paul Hammond
the Elena by William B. Bell. but the
latter had Assistant Capt. John Barr
nephew of the great Charles. The Nina (
crew consisted of Yale. Harvard and
princeton students The King and
queen OF Spain. on the royal Spanish
yacht, welcomed the victors and there
was big and jolly to-do. The class r
boats left Ambrose Light on June 80.
y
The Anti-War Treaty.-The followipC
is the substance of the multilateral
anti-war treaty evolved by Secretary
Kellogg. which the governments of Is
states tincluding the United States,
nave agreed TO subscribe.
Persuaded that the time has come
when frank remuneration of war as
an instrument of national policy should
De made to the end that the peaceful
ano friendly relations now existing be-
tween tneir peoples may be perpetuated:
convinced that all changes In their
relations with one another should he
sought only by pacific means and be
the result OF peaceful and ORDERLY
process, and that any signatory which
snail hereafter seek to promote its ma :
tionai interests by resort to war should
De denied the benefits furnished by
this treaty,
Hopeful that, encouraged by their
example, all the other nations of the
world will join In this humane en-
deavor and by adhering to the present
treaty as soon as 1t comes into force
bring their peoples within the scope OF
Its beneficent provisions. thus uniting
the civilized nations of the world in a
common remuneration of war as an in
strument OF their national policy:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
BY HENRY W. BUM.

- HE following is brief summary
OF the most important news of
the world for the seven days
ended July %:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29

~ ATSUJI DEBUCHI, whose ap-
II pointment as Ambassador OF
n Japan to the United States
has been approved by Emperor
Hirnhitn. will bring to Wash
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-29
BY DREW PEARSON.

n TOT many years ago no foreign
IN diplomat considered for a mo-
ment the possibility of remain
4 ING In Washington during the
summer The first week in
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-13
With Millionaire Raskob as Smith Manager,
Workers Get Wiser

with Raskob in General Motors, part
and parcel of the House of Morgan,
will back Smith.
1t is significant to note that one
of the first large contributors to
the democratic campaign fund, was
John D. Ryan, president of the open
shop Anaconda Copper Company, a
corporation known throughout the
West as viciously anti-labor. Ber-
nard M. Baruch, leading New York
financier, also endorses Smith.
These are only a few of the men
prominent in the industrial and
financial world who have shifted
their political support in the cleo
tions.
And interchangeable Platforms.
The prohibition issue has been
given in the capitalist press as an
outstanding reason for this shift of
former republican leaders. This is
merely a blind. The fact that Ras-
kob, Woodin, E. 1. DUPONT and
other prominent republican capital
lists now support Smith, the demo-
crat, is merely an open recognition
of the fact, always proclaimed by
the Communists, that the demo-
cratic and republican parties are
both the servants of Wall Street.
pledged to maintain the system of
wage-slevary.
That there are no real differences
between these two parties of capt
talism is frankly admitted by lead
ers of both. Walter Lippman, chief
editorial writer of the New York
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-13

ton of these countries is part of our own
emancipation.
If the army under SANDING is of interna-
tional, then let us rejoice at this splendid omen
of an awakening of the Latin-American
masses. But it is not enough! The interna-
tional solidarity must extend to the United
States. The workers of this land of Wall
Street also must participate. Two u S. ma
rines already have shown us a splendid ex-
ample in going over to join Sandino's army.
The army under SANDING needs men, needs
money for arms-we can't expect them to take
all their weapons away from the marines
and they need medical and other supplies.
We must lead the workers and exploited
farmers of the United States to fight against
the sending of more invaders to Nicaragua.
The fight of the heroic Sandinista army is
our fight, too.