davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
That New York Fare

The silence which is hanging heavily over
the developments now taking place in the
seven cent fare issue and in the so-called rapid
transit unification plan is undoubtedly part of
the generally agreed upon plan among the poll
ticians and traction companies to let the matter
rest until after the November elections This
can only mean that the traction ring which
operates within both old parties is quite sure
of it's ground, otherwise there would now be a
continuation of the public clamor and wailing
on the part of the poverty stricken Morgan
and Chase National Bank interests that they
are unable to make ends meet on the lowly
nickel
The announcement by Samuel Untermeyer
that he has practically reached an agreement
with the BIN. T. group under which the COM
pany will consent to recapture by the city, a
trifling arrangement which will involve sew
eral hundred millions of dollars, received only
casual mention in the capitalist press. The
Interborough recently ordered a supply of 7c
fare tokens which were manufactured by a
New England concern. It is known that the
surface lines are preparing to follow the ex-
ample Of the Third Avenue subsidiary by max
ing application for fare increases. But all is
still among the servants of the public.
Within few months an issue involving the
virtual turning over of the new city built sub
ways, the estimated construction cost of which
is billion dollars, will be decided by Tammany
HILL and republican city and state officials who
own traction stock, represent the transit COM
panies as attorneys, and have entered into
secret agreements to put over the greatest
steal in the country, with the possible excep-
ton of the power grab.
Here is an issue which is burning and i'm
mediate. one on which approach may be made
to hitherto untouched masses of workers. No
political speech in the present campaign, nc
propaganda which is sent out should fail to
emphasize this question.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

parties imposed by law in the doubt
full states is the fact that through
this means the politicians of the two
dominant parties protect themselves
against the rise of minority groups
capable of welding a balance of
power and thus dominating the po-
litical situation within the state.
New York furnishes an excellent
illustration of this condition. The
restrictions against the nomination
of candidates by new or weaker
parties for statewide office are
most severe. From new" parties
the law requires minimum of 12,-
900 signatures on petitions, includ-
ing at least so from each of the
sixey-one counties in the state, but
a new party seeking to place can
didate for the state assembly in
nomination in every assembly dis
trict in the state would require no
less than 10000 signatures or five
per cent of the total vote. Pro-
vided the numerous technicalities Of
the law are correctly complied with
this number of signatures, if none
are invalidated by the officials
would be sufficient to place in NOM
ination a candidate for every cleo
tive office within the state from
presidential electors, governor and
United States senator down to dog
catcher.
It is obvious that the laws were
framed generally with the object of
excluding minority, and, of course
working class parties from the cleo
tions, by making it very costly and
difficult for independent, new or
weak parties to place candidates of
ficially in nomination, and this auto
matically entails the greatest sacri-
fees on the part of working class
parties seeking to enter the field
1t happens very often that tremen-
dous efforts, together with heavy
financial sacrifices, are made by
workers to place candidates in NOM
nation, only to meet with failure
either because they have failed to
comply with some technicality or be-
cause they were unable to gather
sufficient signatures within the time
allotted, and very often failure may
be traced to the mere caprice of
some petty official.
Ito be continued).
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
Militant Nine Family
Blackllsted Since 1919

job in mill, sometimes"
1t seems hard for her to talk, as
though she never saw anyone, as
though she had lived alone for a
long time among worries and dreari-
ness. Rarely does Mrs. Ray leave
the house. She is ashamed to go
out in her worn wooden dress, the
only dress she has. These nine
years have crushed Mrs. Ray, have
drained her vitality. Yet she is still
young woman.
From all the corners of that dingy
home, Tom Rays bright active chill
dren peer at you with lively brown
eyes. They are not crushed--they
are eager to hear about the strike
and the union. Tom Ray is bringing
up seven young fighters to carry on
the fight in the future. He has been
in New York City raising money
thru the National Miners Relief
Committee for the hungry strikers
and he tells the eager children about
the strikes he's heard about there.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
By JULIUS CODKIND.

The United States of America is
perhaps the only country in the
world where the elections are gov
erned under a law which makes it
possible for the ruling class to SC
confuse the technical qualifications
to be overcome by new or small
parties seeking a place on the bal
lot as from the very outset to prac-
tically prohibit all effective opposi-
ton In any election campaign to the
two "old" parties dominated by
Wall Street.
Only in America is it possible for
a regular presidential candidate of
a political party to run or to be on
the ballot only in spots. For ex-
ample, the Workers Community
Party candidates will surely not be
on the ballot in a large number Of
the forty-eight states. Of equal in
terest is the fact that under the
law of some states, candidate for
president may be on the ballot in
spots in those states. A party
seeking to place its candidates of
ficially in nomination on the ballot
is confronted with the problem Of
solving forty-eight separate and dis
tinct sets of laws.
Congressional Election.
To understand this, few words
of explanation are necessary.
In theory, the country is supposed
to be a federation of sovereign
states. The Federal Constitution
provides that the power of each
state in the Central Government
shall be relative to the percentage
of population as whole. Thus each
state elects given percentage OF
the total number of congressman
but this is modified by section OF
the constitution which provides that
there shall be a senate consisting
of two senators from each state
The constitution also provides that
each state shall elect as many cleo
tors as it has congressman plus
senator's, and that the day of cleo
ton of congressman and senators
must be the first Tuesday after the
first Monday in November.
The president is not elected by di.
rect vote. Under the constitution
he is chosen by the electors. The
direct object therefore of the old
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
Framed By Capitalists to Keep Working Class
Parties Off the Ballot

homa, Ohio, Maryland, California
and Massachusetts,, where the con-
troll swings from one party to the
other. These states, with few 9th
ers, known as the doubtful states.
decide the issue of the presidency,
Presidential candidates as a general
rule are politicians whose home
states must be New York, Ohio.
Massachusetts or California as the
issue of "Favorite Son" is often
quite enough to swing enough votes
to carry one Of these states.
It is already clear from all this
that the makers Of the constitution
had in mind the objective of retain
ing within their own hands the en-
tire political power and all the pa
tronage going with it, in their re-
spective home states.
As noted, the constitution pro-
vides that each state shall elect its
electors, congressman and other Of
ficials in its own way, with the re-
suit that in every state there is a
different set Of laws governing the
elections. Of far greater conse-
quence is the fact that under the
constitution each state prescribes its
own conditions as to the procedure
to be followed by parties or indie
pendent groups who seek to place
their candidates on the ballot or
officially in nomination.
1t is worthy of note that as a gen
eral rule the states in which the re-
publican and democratic parties con-
flict most, impose the most severe
restrictions against new or weaker
parties seeking place on the bal.
lot for their candidates while those
states which are safely republican
or democratic have little or no leg
islation on the question, and in sew
eral instances nominations are le-
gally made by state conventions of
any group or party. This procedure
is not actually statute law. 1t is
merely mode legalized by custom
The obvious reason for the severe
restrictions against new or weaker
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
BY VERA BUCH.

RLACKLISTED since 1919. I'm
- able to work in the mines for nine
years because of unusual militancy
in the 1919 strike. And just as ac-
tive now, one of the best Of the
best fighters among all the militant
miners. This is the record of
Thomas Ray of Mcdonald, Pa.
But on Tom Rays household, on
his wife and teven children, the
bosses discrimination has fallen
very heavily. They live in one of
those black, tumble-down, mean
looking houses which you some
times see bordering the railroad
tracks in little towns, and wonder
when you see them, docs anyone
live in that?" In such house lives
or rather exists, Tom Rays family.
You ask Mrs. Ray, "How have
you managed to get along all these
years." She smiles quietly and
sadly. 81 don't know. We have one
boy sixteen years old. He gets a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

parties is not to gain a maximum
number of voters throughout the
country but to win a maximum num-
Der of the electors, and under the
constitution it is possible for can
didate for the presidency who has
secured the greatest total of direct
votes to be defeated in the electoral
college. Thus in 1916 it was at first
reported that Wilson had been de-
feated for reelection, although his
vote proved to be 100000 greater
than that of his opponent. Later
reports from California, however
showed that Wilson had won the
state by a plurality of about $500
which gave him the entire electoral
votes of the state and with it q
small majority in the electoral col
lege.
1916 Poll.
A few illustrations will make this
process even clearer. Taking the
elections in 1916 as an example, we
find that in California there were
466,200 votes for Wilson and 49,.
1874 for Hughes. This gave Wilson
the entire 10 electoral votes of the
state. In New York the vote for
Wilson was 59,426 and for Hughes
869,115. Hughes got the entire As
electoral votes of the state.
In Minnesota, Hughes received
1854 while Wilson got 179,152
Although Hughes had only 1872 more
than Wilson, he received the entire
II electoral votes of the state. II
is also interesting to note that actu-
ally, Hughes received 27,910 votes
less than his three leading oppon-
ents combined in this state.
These are not exceptional occur
rences. The constitution has de-
liberately provided for just this
The result is that in states where
the democratic or republican party is
preponderant there are practically
no presidential election campaigns a
all, both parties confirming them.
selves largely to such states as New
York, Missouri, New Jersey, Okla
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

The first dollar for a b cook of
80 three-color "Vote Communist"
stamps has been received by the
National Election Campaign Com
mittee at AZ E. 125th St., New
York, from P. Williams.
We are on our way to a million.
The prices of these in quantity
lots are: 55 books for $50; 80 books
for S75; and 1875 books for $1o0.
Single books of 10 pages for 81
each, and can be resold for 10 cents
per page.
George Saul, party field organizer
at Denver, reports the circulation Of
petitions to put the party on the
ballot in Colorado has commenced
and he is preparing to go to New
Mexico to start the work there.
While in Denver, Comrade Saul
incidentally helped organize the
dairy clerks and led them in sue
cessful strike. During his spare
time Saul helped the local comrades
arrange for the Colorado State
ratification convention, to be held
at Denver on Saturday, July %.
Arthur Starr, agricultural district
organizer, reports from Bismachk
North Dakota, that he is preparing
to go into South Dakota to help the
local comrades put the party on the
ballot.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

BOSTON, Mass, July 1.-two
light wing emissaries from the In
ernational Ladies Garment Work
RS Union, sent here by Sigman as
supervisors" of the elections in the
Boston locals, presided over the
meeting of the election committee
lere Friday and rejected all can
Iidates for office who refused to
ign the right wing yellow dog con-
ract, which stipulates "that the nm
lersigned is not a Communist nor
Communist follower or SYM
,athizer."
Four Members Signed
Even one Of the right wing NOM
,ers of the election committee which
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
Bar Garment Left-Wing Candidates

was elected at membership meetings
of Locals 46 and Sc declared that he
would reject any one that does sign
the document.
AS result of this action the re-
dictionary clique in control of the
International found that but four
members were willing to sign and
run for the Local 46 executive board
and that only two signed the yellow
dog document as candidates TO the
Joint Board from that local. Only
one man could be gotten to run for
the Joint Board from Local SO.
A joint meeting of the Boston
local executive boards with the
Joint Board was held here July 10
to hear the instructions handed them
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

y
Roy Stephens, party field organ
izer, reports from Omaha that the
comrades are commencing to cir
culate petitions to put the party on
the ballot in the State of Nebraska
Hugo Oehler, District No. 10 or
ganizer, is having hard tussel with
the Oklahoma State officials, who
are fighting the Communist electors
from going on the primary ballot of
the Oklahoma farmer-labor party.
Word received from Oehler is
that the Oklahoma fight is in good
shape and that he is now on his
way to Little Rock to see what can
be done to put the party on the
ballot in Arkansas.
Willis l.. Wright reports from
Montana that there is no question
about the party going on the ballot
in that State. The possibilities of
securing the endorsement by the
Montana farmer-labor party of the
candidates. of Foster and Gitlow
are good.
Have you sent in your dollar for
book of so Vote Communist
stamps? You need them to post
on envelopes, letters, programs, fac
tory papers, bulletins, and all other
printed matter and stationery.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

by the Sigman supervision commit
tee, Halpern and Gingold.
Several right wing members
pleaded with Little Car" Sigman's
ambassadors to give permission to
abandon the yellow dog contract,
but to no avail. They finally ap-
proved the action of the Sigman
clique despite express instructions
to the contrary from the member
ship.
At the membership meetings of
these locals, held recently, even some
right wing followers had declared
that no organization work could be
done as long as the left wing was
not allowed to participate in the
union leadership.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
Green's No-Strike Philosophy


When social parasites and labor betrayers,
as the case may be, find it necessary to con-
tinue nefarous practices against the masses
whose "god-appointed" leaders they claim to
be, their common recourse is to invent a phil
osophy to justify their treachery.
William Green, writing in the current issue
of the American Federationist, affords another
such horrible example.
The day when labor had to resort to the
use of the strike is past, says this voluble
sounding board of the bosses. At the moment
when United Mine Workers of America, of
which he is himself member, has been prac-
tically destroyed through his own and John L.
Lewis treachery in sabotaging the only method
by which the organization could have been
saved, really vigorous prosecution of the
strike and the calling out of both the anthra-
cite and the unorganized fields this union
wrecker has the affrontery to declare himself
against strikes. Says he:
IN the early union days the main argument
of the union of force-the strike. Force
was necessary to establish the fundamental right
of status Employers would heed other argu-
ment'
But now, according to this flunky of the
open-shop coal operators, it's all different
Because:
Fundamental changes have taken place in
industry. Instead of relying wholly refusal
to work. unions must be ready to point out mis-
takes in policy or method by argument and facts
to convince management, and then outline SUBJ
stitute policy"
The justification for the early use of the
strike, we are told, was the necessity of fight
ing the legal status of the trade union.
Nothing can more clearly illustrate the
utter hypocrisy and contemplate sophistry of
these words than the fact that in its report to
the last convention of the American Federation
Of Labor, the executive council was forced to
admit that organized labor has not yet attained
legal status in the United States. What is the
whole pretended fight against the yellow dog"
contract which the labor officials have time
and again declared is threat to the legal
existence of organized labor, if not denial of
the so-caHed legal status of the trade unon?
And how will that status, if ever under capital
list government, be attained if not by the
strike?
The full meaning of Green's proposals be-
comes clear when we read his further sugges-
lions in connection with certain developments
which have recently taken place in Colorado
unions must be ready to point out mistakes in
policy to convince management and to outline a
substitute policy for the strike"
When the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company,
which, after years Of struggle against even the
bankrupt A. F. of L. officials, became con-
vinced, through the costly Colorado strike of
asst year, that it would be more profitable to
TO utilize the labor takers than its own COM
oany union, and when it made arrangements to
prevent real unonization by the device of con-
spring with labor takers to put through fake
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

tons are now ready. Everybody
will want one at 10 cents each.
Prices in quantity are: Four cents
in lots of 100; cents in lots of
1000, and cents in lots of 5000 or
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16
Sidelights on the Workers Party Election Drive

vention to put the party on the bal
lot will be held at Des Moines on
Sunday, July Is.
The Foster Gitlow three color
"Vote Communist" campaign but
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

The Iowa State Nominating Con-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

While the two capitalist parties
are insisting that they do not in
tend to buy all the votes that are
necessary to elect their candidates
the Workers (Communist) Party is
busily engaged raising a Communist
Campaign Fund 'of 100000. We
are doing this quite shamelessly and
ostentatiously. 100000 would pur-
chase half dozen capitalist ward
heelers. But it will pay for the
printing of tons of Communist liter
ature and it will help to pay the
expenses of hundreds of Communist
speakers. Don't forget to send in
your contribution to the National
Campaign Headquarters, 43 East
125th Street, New Yrk City
Alexander Trachtenber treasurer.
Trachtenberg is not ,Swder mag
nate, but your contril >tion will help
blast the capitalist system into
smithereens.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

THOSE of you who are weary and
- heavy laden with financial
worries should take heart from the
experience of John j. Raskob, Cen
eral Motors official. His first job
paid him $3.50 week. See where
he is today. He worked as a stem
ographer in public works to sup
port his mother, two sisters and
brother. Virtue is supposed to be
rewarded. Raskob was blessed by
the pope last April. What more
could a man ask for?
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-07-16

For the Party Of the Class Struggled
For Workers the Capitalists!
Evening star., 1928-05-07
COURT HEARS SINCLAIR
CONTEMPT PLEAS TODAY
Arguments on Appeal of Oil Mag
nate From Conviction Made
Before Three Judges.

The District OF Columbia Court Of
Appeals will hear arguments of coun-
sci this afternoon on the appeal Of
Harry r. sinclair, oil nlagnate OF New
York, from his conviction OF contempt
Of the United States Senate In connec-
ton with his refusal to answer dues-
tions relating 70 the leasing OF Teapot
Dome.
Sinclair was convicted last year and
was sentenced by Justice william Hitz
10 pay a fine OF $500 and 10 serve three
months IN the District jail His coun-
sci contended that the questions pro-
pounded To him we're not pertinent. but
the court decided against him.
Justice Charles g. Hatfield oil the
United States Court Of Customs APP
peals, viii sit as member OF the APP
pelIate Court In the place Of Chief Jus"
tice George e. Martin, who has always
declined To hear motions In connection
with the Sinclair case because his SON.
in-law is employed In Chicago by one
of the Sinclair companies Justice
Charles H. Rohb and Justice Josiah A.
Van Oredei Will complete ths court.
Arguments will be- made by Attorneys
George r. Hoover and Martin w. Little
ton for Sinclair and by United States
Attorney Leo A. Rover for the Govern
nne1t
Evening star., 1928-05-07

p. Crane of Chicago She was Miss
Emily Sprague Hutchinson He also
leaves three sisters. Mrs Edward West
Nichols. Mrs. John Holiday Lataie of
Baltimore and Mrs. John Gallatin Pax
ton Of independence, Mo.
Funeral services win be conducted in
the Bethlehem Chapel Of the Washing
ton Cathedral tomorrow afternoon at 3
O'Clock. Right Rev James T.. Freeman.
Bishop OF Washington; Rev. Dr. z. b.
Phillips, rector of the Church of the
Epiphany, and Dean q. G, F. Bratenahl
of Washington Cathedral will officiate.
Interment win be In Lexington. Va
The honorary pallbearers are Maj.
Gen. William G. Rivers, Judge John
Barton Payne, Mai Gen. Henry r..
Allen, Judge Charles G. McChord.
Judge Samuel j. Graham. Mai Gen.
John L. Chamberlain, James Parmelee
George p. Dunlop. Arthur Dulaney
Addison, Mai Gen. George Barnett.
Charles J. Bell. Gen. Tasker II. Bliss,
Senator Clarence G. Dill, John Ruther-
ford, former Secretary Of State Robert
Lansing. Gen. William E. Horton,
Hampson Gary and Frank b. Noyes.