Evening star., 1928-11-10

"Arm1St1ce day-Cen years dICeT!
The guns had been roaring all night
and all morning, when suddenly. at ex-
actly IL o'clock, November IL, came
had suddenly ceased its revolutions and
stood petrified in eternal space.
Yet for 10 years thereafter the sun
and the moon and the stars have gone
on in their silent march! Humanity
with its civilization, too, has gone right
on. "The war to end wars" was the
only thing in all the universe which ap-
peared to stop.
In the decade following, what has
been the record of ending wars?
Summed up by Prof. John Bakeless,
there have been % major wars In the
last 10 years, and grand crisis IN
1922, in which Lloyd George, British
prime minister, faced Turkey with an
appeal to all the British domlnlons 10
give their support to an immediate re-
opening of World War against Turkey
and Russia, with all its probabilities OF
involving all Europe, and eventually
the whole world.
X + 4
What is the prospect OF the future
of wars? Says Bakeless:
"Of the lasting cessation OF warfare
Ellrope succeeds in bringing about her
economic rehabilitation, the most potent
check upon the tendencies that lead to
wars will have been removed. The
gradual passing of generations that
have known at first hand the true
meaning of war and the horror OF its
aftermath will mean the disappearance
of their expenSively acquired wisdom
and their unwillingneSs to fight again.
Meantime, unless all signs fail.
populations will be- denser and indus
trialism will have grown apace. the
gradual industrialization of the unde-
yeloped lands which now produce raw
materials and provide markets Will de-
prive the older industrial countries OF
the two things they chiefly need, ana
the rivalries engendered OF the struggle
over what remains will be correspond
ingly embittered."
x x 4 y
Then in final summing UP OF the
conditions making future wars probable
(as seen in 1925, hence prior to the
multilateral treaty to outlaw wars as
national policy Bakeless says
THE solution of the whole problem Is
simply enough-so simple and so evl-
dent that there is little hope any ore
Will Day bIle lGdSt IICCQ W ~ W. AASNS
but study the underlying causes OF
modern war, spread a knowledge OF
them among the people who must 90
the fighting, demonstrate the relatively
slight chances of profit IN warfare
under modern conditions-and suppress
the peace-at-any-price folk, whose emo
tionalism interfereS with the strenuous
intellectual endeavor such task re-
quireS."
The underlying causes" are funda-
mentally overpopulation and oVeram,,,
bition of nations. Overpopulatlon VIII
continue in some regions. Overamoltlon
of rulers may be curbed not merely py
the people who must do the hgntlng,
but by general public opinion, not as
expressed in terror upon the eve OF nos
tilities, as advocated by timld ones,
who call for a popular ballot peiore
Congress shall have power 10 deciare
war" but as indicated in intelligent
public comprehension of international
relations and our governmental pom
cieS. Wars come Unexpectedly, tney
come suddenly, as instanced by the
quick results of the princely assasslna-
ton in Sarajevo, yet they do not come
without an accumulation OF events ana
piling up of causes which make 1mml-
nent war inevitable.
When Bakeless wrote so warn1ngly,
he had no knowledge that within two
years new element would enter the
international situation. which would
pledge all the nations of the world to
outlaw war as a national policy for
settling international disputes. There
are many skepticS who discount the ef-
fectiveneSs of the Kellogg treaty to out
law wars as legitimate international
methods of backing up crippled states
manship, but the public generally, not
only in America, but in all nations, are
so hopeful that their hopes give opti-
mism and their faith gives will. Still
there's good sense in the sentiments OF
the Biglow Papers
"Ef ye want peace, the thing you've
gut to du
Is Jest to show you're up to
fightin' tu."
X \
What is the record of progress in the
last decade? Has civilization, advanced?
Has the world pfospered in its peace?
A most comprehensive review of the dec
ade's developments, commercially and
scientifically, has been written by DR..
julius Klein. director of the United
States Bureaus of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce. Department of Commerce.