davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
BLUE WILDCAT FROM AFRICA
PUZZLES ATTENDANTS AT ZOO
Animal May Be One of Unknown Species
From Deeper jung les-Resembles
Large House Pet.

A blue wildcat with the tail of a
coon, an animal which apparently has
not been identified by science. was re-
ceived at the National Geological Park
yesterday
The mysterious creature came from
West Africa in the shipment of an ami
NAL dealer. who picked il. up from a
native without knowing what it was.
1t was sold as blue serval" an ami
ral which is not included in geological
classifications. 1t reached Washington
Grated in box Market Twenty bottles
Of lager beer"
Dr.. William M Mann. director Of the
Zoo, saw at once that it was not menu
Der Of the Serval family.
IT is cat of some sort. apparently
about a third grown Just at present
it is about the size Of a large house cat.
which, specifically, Il resembles But
its legs are about twice as long. its body
is more elongated. its tail is long and
hushy, and its ears are quite different
from those Of cat
Quite Tame.
The animal is quite tame. It spends
most OF its time playing like kitten
with ball in Its cage. Apparently 1t
Is creature of the deeper iungles
which does not happen to have come
into collections or to have been bagged
by white hunters hitherto. When full
grown II probably will be about the size
of small leopard.
The legs are striped The fur on its
back is a sort of blush gray, and one
its belly lighter gray
Experts of the department of NAM
malogy of the Smithsonian Institution
looked over the animal yesterday but
were unable to classify It, The discov-
cry of new species of Wild animal
II 1t should turn out that this animal
never has been identined~-is consid-
cred an event of major Importance in
zoology.
That it is not q mere isolated Curl
osity Is shown by the fact that the
same dealer showed Dr. Mann the skin
of an Older animal, presumably of the
same species. the ooloring of which was
more sharply defined and the blue of
the fur more pronounced
The Zoo also received yesterday a
6-mcnth-old Kadiak bear from Alaska.
which has won a place In the hearts of
attendants. It Is a very playful. chunky
animal, which is extremely homesick
Likes Visitors.
1t has been placed in a roomy cage
behind the bear dens When humans
come to its cage 1t hrightens up, sti =
Its snout through the bars to be petted.
rolls over ON the floor, and tries to
talk TO It's visitors. 1t is happy as long
as they remain.
But as soon as they turn their backs
TO leave it goes into tantrums like
those Of bad child screaming and
tearing its fur.
For the new birdhouse were secured
four baby anhingas. or snake birds,
from Florida These are among he
most curious of all birds. They have
been Matched only about month, and
are covered with yellowish down. When
they are full grown they will be COW
cred with iet-black feathers. The
strangest feature OF this bird Is its
resemblance TO a blacksnake when
swimming under water In pursuit of
fish The neck is very long and the
body Is elongated The feet are webbed
like those OF duck The mouth Is
email when closed. but 1t can be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
EX-KAlSER RECEIVES
CREW OF BREMEN
Transatlantic Flyers Guests at
Doom Castle-Place Is
Gaily Decorated,
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
DOORN. Holland July THREE
transatlantic flyers 49, Capt. Herman
Koehl, Baron Won Huenefeld and Mai.
James Fitzmaurice-today were the
guests of mer Kaiser Wilhelm OF Ger
many in his Doom castle.
1t was the gayest day that the castle
has seen since the present master took
possession after his flight from Ger
many. In their honor the former ruler
gave banquet last night at which Is
guests were invited to meet the airmen
and their families At this function the
former Kaiser said that during his
reign he always took thee greatest in
tereSt in the development of German
I technology and never missed an oppor-
tunity to further it.
The village of Doom was decorated
with German. irish and Dutch flags in
honor of the flyers, who drove from the
S0esterberg Airdrome, near Utrecht, in
one of the imperial cars They were cs-
corted by Prince Ferdinand, son OF
Princess Hermine, Wilhelm's second
wife.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
FAMILY WAS SLAIN,
VERDICT AFTER FIRE
Coroners Jury Acts When Bodies
of Eight Believed Burned to
Death Are Exhumed.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
OSBORNE, Kans.. July IA coro-
ner's jury late yesterday returned a ver-
dict that Albert Kaser his wife and six
children. whose bodies were found May
81 in the ruins of their burned home,
came to their deaths by gunshot
wounds from a 32-caliber revolver at
the hands of parties unknown
The eight bodies were buried without
an inquest Immediately following the
tragedy, authorities accepting the theory
that all had been burned to death as
they slept and attaching no criminal
significance The charred bodies were
exfumed few days ago and found TO
bear bullet wounds.
The inquest in Covert Township,
southwest OF here, where the Kaiser
FANNY resided. was held in an effort to
obtain violence against Alberts younger
brother. Fred. who is accused of the
crime. His preliminary hearing will be
next Wednesday,
Witnesses testified that Pred Kaiser
owned 32-csliber revolver and that he
and his brother had quarreled.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
ROCKEFELLER PLANS
QUIET 18th BIRTHDAY
All Members of Family Present at
Pocantico Home for 0bserv-
ance Tomorrow.
By the Associated Press.

bF Atle hSSDCihLFG FTeSS.
TARRYTOWN. N Y. July John
D. Pockefeller will celebrate his eightv-
ninth birthday quietly tomorrow on his
estate at Pocantico Hills. overlooking
the Hudson River. For the first time
IN several years all members of his fam
lily will be with him
No special program has been mapped
out He expects to take his daily auto
mobile ride OF SO miles in the afternoon
and ioin his family at dinner at 730
o'clock in the evening A number of
"ongratulatorv kilograms and letters
have been received and these will be
read at the dinner
The former standard oil magnate one
of the wealthiest men in the world. is
enioving excellent health and takes nar-
ticular Measure in his daily round of
golf on his private links on his estate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07

stretched like that Of a snake to swal-
low larger fish.
Another new bird received Yesterday
was white browed hornbill from
Siam. This is noted for its curious
customs. During the egg-laying season
the female retires to a hole in a tree.
The male then walls up this hole with
mud, making t.le female prisoner.
He leaves only small hole. large
enough to shove his bill Through. He
brings her food every day. and after
the young are Matched hunts for them
also. Only when they are able to fly
does the male break down the mud
wall, releasing his partner and her
progeny.
Still another valuable bird received
this week was a large black cockatoo.
This is very rare bird. which. since
it has been at the Zoo, has kept its
mouth open almost continually. ready
to pounce upon anything that comes
within reach
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
ATTORNEY FOUND DEAD.
Louisville Police Believe N w
Proctor Killed Himself.

LOUISVILLE, KY, July tA').-~Nel-
son w Proctor, SIS, commerce attorney
for the Louisville e. Nashville Railroad
was found dead last night with bull
let wound near the heart A pistol al
his feet and burns on his clothing
caused police to believe he had shot
himself
The attorney, whose home Is IN a
suburban district. was found In HOUSE
in the older section of the town, where
ne hae been taken by taxicab driver
who had driven him about the city dur
ing the past two days A quantity 81
nome prev was found in the place
D0Iire gaid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
Receiver Asked for Railway.

TExARKANA, Ark, july 7 GAp)-~Ap-
plication for appointment OF receiver
for properties of the Port Bolivay Iron
Ore Railroad Co. Texas line in Ma
rion, Upshur and Gregg Counties. will
be made to Judge w. l.. Estes today,
representatives of the Santa Fe Rail-
road. which owns the capital stock, an
nounced Yesterday
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
FORD TO RECEIVE
RUMANlAN HONOR
Auto Manufacturer Awarded Deco
ration for Outstanding
Achievements"

BY the Associated Press.
DETROIT. July IA decoration for
outstanding achievements in manu-
featuring" will be awarded to Henry
Ford here today by the Rumanian gov
eminent, 1t was announced last night.
Ford will be decorated by Chief Con-
sui Popvich. who will be accompanied
by the Rumanian legation staff from
Washington and consular agents from
other parts of the United States.
Officials of the Ford Motor Co. mem
berS of MIR. Ford's family and friends
OF the motor manufacturer will be
present at the decoration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
MOSCOW IS REACHED
BY WORLD G!RDLERS
Mears and Collyer Leaving Today
II Hours Late on Their
Schedule.
By the Associated Press.

MOSCOW, July John H. Mears
and Charles G. d. Collyer, attempting
to set a new arouni-the-world travel
record arrived here by plane from Ber-
lin at 1915 am today.
The Americans who left Berlin at
:35 pm. yesterday, stopped at Koenigs-
berg at 5 O'Clock yesterday afternoon,
leaving there again at O'Clock this
morning. From Koenigsberg the made
direct flight to Moscow without stop
ping at Smoiensk.
Mears said he was leaving today fol-
Kazan instead Of Ufa. as he had PLAN
ned originally. He asserted that he
was II hours late on his schedule
owing to the fact that he came by
way Of Berlin and that he was delayed
at Koenigsherg and New York
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
Australian Sugar Output Less.

ROME. July .Cp).-An Australian
government comnfunique to the Inter-
national Institute of Agriculture reduces
to 100000 metric tons their estimate for
the l928-l929 sugar output. The former
estimate was considerably above that
figure. but heavy early rains. cold
weather and pests have shortened the
total. Lest seasons production was
500 900 metric tons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
RITES FOR "MOTHER EVA


DENVER. Colo. July 7 P).-The
body OF Mother Eva. founder Of the
Community of the TRANSPORTATION of
the Protestant Episcopal Church. who
died here yesterday. will be returned TO
Glendale. a suburb OF Cincinnati, for
burial beneath the altar of the new
chapel at Bethany Home Village.
Among those with Mother Eva at her
death was Sister Beatrice, who en-
ter ! the order founded by Mother Eva
soon after its establishment and who
remained close friend Of the Episco-
pal leader for many wears. Sister
Beatrice and d. b. Dagwell of st. Johns
Cathedral Denver will accompany the
bodv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
LEGISLATOR REPLIES.
Representative Campbell Answers
$4,000 SANDER Action.

Representative Campbell Of Pennsyl-
vr,,;a Yesterday filed answer To the SUIT
for $4,000 damages for alleged Slanoef
recently filed against him by Edmond y
Fletcher. lawyer of Washington:
Campbell admits that at the request OF
some of his constituents he asked the
general accounting Office to forward a
check for a claim against the Govern
nlent directly to the claimants Wnonl
Fletcher was representing. but asserts
that ne did so in good faith and as
part of his public duty 10 look after the
interests Of his constituents.
Campbell tells the court that Fletch-
er was attempting to exact nlsner Zee
thar, had been agreed on with his
clients. who live in Campbell's district
of Pennsylvania His statement to the
accounting officer. he says, was q priv
legged communication and IS not the
subject OF suit for damages. he Is
represented by Attorney George X.
sheriff.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
4 Killed. s Hurt. in Collision.

LOCKPORT, N. Y, July 7 tp).-Four
persons were killed and eight others in
lured. several Of them Seriously. last
night in collision between a Lockport-
bound traction car on the Rochester.
Lockport & Buffalo line and an east
bound Lockport- Akron bus. The acci-
dent occurred on the Chestnut Ridge
crossing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
Lieut.. E. F. Cardwell Resigns.

Resignation of Second Lieut.. Eugene
F. Cardwell. United States Infantry. re-
Gently stationed at Fort Hayes. Ohio,
has been accepted by the President.
Lieut.. Cardwell Is from Indiana. was
graduated from the University of Michi-
gan. and was appointed second lieu
tenant Of Infantry in June. 1926.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07

FISH on one line
on his birthday
to IN a Ike h c
grade
A Belgian mill
lionairc had to
Jump out of his
plane and light,
running. in the
English Channel.
If 1t had been
two Summers ago
he would have
drowned a Chan
mel swimmer.
Mayor Walker
l. out here In
Hollywood. trying
to get in the
movies.
Hoover says the
farmers have ~0t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07

him wrong; tAat he has always been
especially fond of them And I my
self hope that man / bet with on
Coolidge viii be reasonable. know
If had won ! certainly would have
been lcnient with him. The only
thing is some one is liable to want
commission out of t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
FIGHTER AT AGE OF 78.

Rachael Johnson. Colored, Uses AK
on 0bstreperous Youth.
Disparitics in age and sex meant little
to 78-year-old Rachael johnson, color
ed. 212 Willow Tree alley southwest.
when she got into an argument there
last night with Leroy Coleman. coll
ored % years old. of the same address.
When the young man became obstep-
erous Rachael seized an AK and
promptly brought him to order.
Coleman was taken to Emergency
Hospital to be treated for a scalp wound
and later was transferred to Gallinger
Municipal Hospital, He was booked by
the police on charges of intoxication,
disorderly conduct and assault
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
az STRIKERS ARRESTED
AT KNITTING PLANT
Allen A Workers. Out Since Feb
ruary 10, Ready to Submit Case to
Arbitrator. Leader Announces.

Arbitrator. Leader Announces.
By the Associated Press
KENOSHA, Wis. July 7.--Forty-two
men and women faced disorderlv con-
duct eharees in connection with the
Allen A Co. strike disturbance. while
union leaders went forward with new
efforts at arbitration.
Louis Budenz, one OF the leaders OF
the more than 200 knitters on strike
since February 18, announced the work
ers would submit their case to group
Of Chicago citizens including Miss Jane
Addams of Hull House. The Allen
Co. did not indicate whether 1t would
approve such arbitration
Police arrested 90 men and 16 women
at the plant Yesterday, charging they
had been abusive to employees All were
released later under bond
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
Will Rogers
Saws:

BEVERLY HILIS-i tell YOU
these are sure hard times for fell
lows fighting 10 stay on the front
pas. Coolidge had 20 catch two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07
SPECIAL NOTIFIES.

4 sPFrTAT, MEETTNG OF THE STOCK.
t,,S e II Tse Tssii Steam systems Co. Will
he heId on wednesday. July II. 1928, st
On in the Board OF Trade Han star
RTsidinr washington. D. C., at which meet
snr Will be considered plan for the trans
fer OF any rights and good viii when may
1metad Nv this company 10 the Vasil Stokers
T-onspany In exchange for eight per cent OF
the stock of the latter. The stecknolcers
reading this notice are requested 70 INFORM
All ether stockholders they know OF
yASTL STEAM SYSTEMS CO,
VASTIs MACKAy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-07

40 "''''' VAsTL STEAM SYSTEMS co,
VASTL MACKAY,
TIE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IS, STOCK.
Company Of WASHINGTON. for the election Of
directors, viii be held st the ofhce Of Inc ne
SoNRphy. 90 july - J. is2s Polls open from
70 0e RM : + nsonERvELL. secretary
THIS IS 70 GIVE NOTICE THAT ] SHALL
bv ans other person than myself WILLIAM
7 Mec cs5ts East Underwood St.
TIE HONE BUILDING ASSOCIATION AN
nounces the opening Of It's sstn series July
/. 1923 Payments. 81 per month on each
~ Join nov Applications are solicited for
1nstalment hrSt trusl inans nq IER pes
gam 49, 4 '1 wsSosopwsRD. see sew " K REEVE
Treas. 200s penna. ave. nv
WILL GENTLEMAN WHO HELPED LADY.
injured IN collision at 10th and Mass. ave
about am "wednesday. june Y. ls.S:
sc ss1f iis Isl st. We Me- Tei LIN 1887
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS oP THE MA
tiona! Capital Insurance Co Of the District
Of Columbia Pursuant % q resolution
passed by the board Of trustees Of the Ma
tionai Capital Insurance co. Of the. District
q colnmbis a. the REGULAR monthly me nee.
ard in compliance with the provisions %
section 635 ol supehaptef u chapter ~
% the Code Of Law for the District Of CO.
lBnlbiss notice is hereby given that Spe-
cisi meeting Of the stockholders Of SAID
company VIII be held or July 27th. a ID 1928.
81 II oclock noon, a. the Office Of the com
pa1T 5a6 Pennsylvania avenue southeast
Washington. . C., for the purpose Of at
thoTzing the amending the articles Of In
corporation o. Esd company so as 70 IN
tlsoassnd (s200.ooo dollars TINS no,ice oeing
signed by more Than 8 majority Of the
bss Q % trustees Of the COMPANY
Arthur q Bishop. Aleg Mckenzie,
Te2sFc s. BFasheeFt, Morris r MARROW,
ChsrieE A Carry, Hubert key8om,
James A Donohoe- Maurice Ottefbsck,
Clarence p sDonohoe, Geo. n. Repetti.
Lewis Pleu8sT, Guy r Eteuart.
eisouis: Eariig, John G. Yost,
Jos. A. Herbert }re,
wANTED-VAR LOADS OF FURNITURE
20 OF from keE York, Phiia.. Boston Rich.
mono and points south.
SMITHS TRANSFER a. STORAGE co.
1913 You st. North 1888
PROM THIS DATE FORTH WILL NOT BE
responsible for any debts incurred by snl
9ne ositer Than myself l. n. HARRIS, ~ i
NORTH Cspitol 81.
] WILL NOT BE REsPORSIBi.R ron AMI
aslt, RAYMOND r. MIcKuA. Seat Pleas
eat Mo -
YOoF REPAIRING. PAINTING. GUTTER
TnR. sDo9ting; Teas0nabie prices Col 2al
HEF Of Night kSsE Roofing Co 1899 KaE r0
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-03-19
TUNNEY ASKED
TO MATCH One
Richard Says He VIII
Stage Only Battle
During Year

NEW YORK, March ls.-(F-The
New York state athletic commission
took q hand in the heavyweight att
uation today by asking Gene Tunney
70 reply formally 20 the challenges
on file here for a title match in be-
half Of Jack Sharkey, Tom H0eney
and Johnny Risko.
The challenges are in that order,
according to Commissioner William
Muldoon. with Sharkey's name at
the head Of the list in spite Of his
recent defeat by Risko.
Tunney, in q telegram addressed
to him nc Miami Beach, was inform
ed that the customary six months
period Of grace allowed champions
after a fight expires March 20.
MIAMI BEACH, Fla, March 1e.-
RETex Richard said today there
will be only one heavyweight boxing
championship match this year. and
he will stage Il. His announcement
followed a conference with Gene
Tunney, the champion, and he add
ed:
Other promoters who want Tun-
ney.s services might Just as well
think up something else 10 want
The fight will be held in July.
against an opponent TO be selected
and At . place not yet determined,
he said.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-03-19
Cotton Men Plan
To Discuss Boil
Worm at Memphis

BATON ROUGE. La, March 1e.-
R-Responses from agricultural
authorities in practically all cotton
growing states indicate that a large
gathering win attend the meeting
called BY Harry d. Wilson. LOUISE
ana commissioner Of agriculture, for
March 80 in Memphis to discuss the
spread of the pink boil worm in
Texas.
Not only state commissioners Of
agriculture, but entomolcEists, aEri-
cultural extension workers, and at
least one chamber Of commerce, that
o. Alexandria, La, have written Mr..
Wilson Of their intention to be pres-
emit or represented.
Approval Of the meeting was ex-
pressed in q communication from
Representative Buchanan of Texas.
author of the congressional bill
which would appropriate IS, 900, 900
for establishment Of q n~on-cctton
zone In Texas to prevent the spread
OF the wecvil. The Buchanan plan
has the endorsement Of Louisiana
authorities as "the only sure and safe
remedy" for the situation.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-03-19
Score InjuredAs
Mysterious Blast
Wrecks Building

KANSAS CITY. No., Mar. 1e.-(P)
"A score or more Of North Side
residents are nursing minor injuries
received when an explosion last
wrecked q three-story brick store
house ami damaged buildings over q
large area.
While doors were blown from
hinges In nearby homes and windows
broken for q radius OF more than
two blocks. no one was seriously
injured. Eight persons received
treatment BY ambulance surgeons
and many exhibited cuts from glass.
Although the cause OF the blast was
unknown, police were informed by
terrified residents of the district
that two men we're seen leaving the
building shortly before the explo-
sion. II was the latest Of q series
Of explosions which damaged homes
and office buildings and followed
within - hours a confession from
q former convict that he had been
hired to lead q "wrecking crew" to
force employment Of union labor.
The building. In the SEQ block Of
Holmes street. was used az a store
house by Mike MESSING. proprietor
Of an adjoining hotel Of that name
MESSING and five members Of his
family were in the living room Of
their home when the blast occurred.
All were hurled 70 the floor and
suffered slight injuries. He profess
Cd Ignorance Of any possible motive
that may have led 10 the bombing.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-03-19
TO open S-4
late TONIGHT;
ISONDRYDOCK
Ill Fated Subrna
Reaches Port just
Ahead of Storm; To
Seek Messages

BOSTON. March ie.-P9-The aub-
marine SD, raised on Saturday from
the ocean bottom off Cape Cod where
a had lain since being sunk By che
coast guard destroyer Pauldin9 on
December ~ and towed here. was
placed In drydock at the navy yard
mt high water shortly after 8 =. m.
The raised submarine was brought
here yesterday after q eO-mile tow
across windswept Massachusetts, Bay
and anchored off a drydock at the
navy yard just ahead Of a northeast
storm. Officers said that had the
storm broken while the shattered
craft was In the open Il would have
gone to the bottom sRain.
IL was decided to ease the subma-
zine into the drydock Mt high tide to-
DAY. L~ieutenant Commander George
k- Dowling and naval rgson we're
designed to board the craft once the
water was drawn off.
Six bodies we're known to Do IN che
forward torpedo compartment whore
2 men 1nder Lieut.. Graham Newell
craah.
Two others were thought 10 Ia 4,
1850 AoVm 3Ab Wnere most OF
the other dead were found and Pa
moved b. divers OF che naval aai-
wage flset. The boarding surgeons
were oTdsrsd 20 wear masks ard
make q careful search for messages
and lettess which may have been left
Dy the victims in the torpedo room.
None OF the bodies will Be removed
until niEhtfall when they will Be
taken to the Chelsea naval hospital
Tor Identification. This ~preeaution
Will be taken TO prevent photographs.
After the work Of the surgeons. n
nevai board OF inspection was order
ca 10 examine the craft for further
lgnt on the damage wrought by her
collision with the coast guard de-
stroyer Paulding, while the go was
presumably coming to the surface
after o trial run.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-03-19
Brazil To BE Center
Of Leprosy Studies

GENEVA RD-Leprosy does not
hold the same terrors fer the orient
as the occident, and in far eastern
countries there is not the same strict
isolation Of patients that is found
in western lands.
Desiring more information con-
eerning this mysterious and dreaded
disease. the health committee Of the
League Of Nations will establish IN
BRASIL an international center for
the scientific study OF ieprosy. IN
collaboration with the health author
tiles Of that country.
"This disease" says a League com
raunique, Ella q very real problem In
Latin-Amsrica but rs very nature
makes Il unsuitable for international
Investigations so far as regards ad-
ministrative measures to prevent its
spread