Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-06-24


ONCE. Judging from his own Statement
in declining with regret an invitation
TO visit Mexico. He may be able tc
leave washington for brief respite
from official duties, but even so vii
have to keep in close touch with tht
State Department. The four majol
problems holding him to his job are:
/. Conclusion of the negotiations fol
an anti-war treaty with the great pow
ers which President Coolidge in hi!
Gettysburg address declared was 1.-THE
most impressive step" any nation ever
undertook in behalf of world peace.
2. Directing the Latin-American
conference on the Cancellation and ar
bitration opening in Washington on
December 10. as provided for in reSo-
buttons adopted at the Pan-American
Congress held in Havana last January
and February.
Election i'm Nicaragua.
3. Handling the diplomatic phases
OF the American supervision Of the
presidential election in Nicaragua In
October
4. Working out new relations with
China now that the Nationalist have
won control of the whole country and
are urging recognition by the United
States and revision Of treaties.
These four problems in themselves
would appear to be enough for any
foreign minister TO undertake. but con-
currently with them are scores OF other
international issues, such as those
raised by Soviet Russia and the mani
fold activities of the League of Ma
fions. involving the question of how
far the United States will participate.
Mexican relations. fortunately, seem to
be clearing I'D satisfactorily. There are,
moreover. unforeseen incidents which
may further burden the Secretary OF
State.
1t is the ambition Of Secretary Kel-
logg to get all of these major problems
solved or well on the way to solution
before the next President takes Office.
He has about eight months in which TO
do this before March 4. and the pros
poets Of succeeding at this time are
bright.
Anti-War Treaty Gains.
The first problem, that of concluding
q treaty renouncing war as an ilstru-
ment of national policy, seems likely to
be in shape for submission to the SEN
ate for ratification when Congress re-
Sumes it's sessions next December. The
powers approached have all agreed in
principle" This possibly may mean de-
lays that would prevent action by the
Senate next Winter, but the road seems
fairly clear now.
The Latin-Anaerican conference in
the Autumn may finish its laborS in
time for any treaty that may come out
Of it TO be submitted to the Senate be-
fore March 4. But progress being made
With the anti-War treaty Is so crafty
ing that Latin-American efforts TO pro-
mote Cancellation and arbitration IN this
hemisphere as q substitute for war IN
settling disputes among the 81 republics
concerned viii be accelerated. Both the
anti-war move and the conference have
the same general objective. However.
the conference win have TO work fast
for a concrete agreement to be In shape
for submission to the Senate before
March. In any event, the outlines Of
the effort may be so definite that Sec
rotary Kellogg may consider the prob
lem substantially solved by the time he
quits Office.
As for Nicaragua, It is presumed that
when the election Is held and the peo-
pie have indicated their free choice of
a President. the United States will be
ready to withdraw the Marines and let
Nicaragua run its own affairs. How
r1nes leave is another question, but at
least the United States will have dis
charged its obligation, assumed at the
invitation Of the President Of Nicaragua,
TO pacsfy the country and assure fair
election. and Secretary Kellogg may
consider his task finished there.
Problem China Presents.
The fourth problem, China, Is more
complicated. AS hopeful as the pro-
LESSONS of the Eationalists are, the
United States necessarily must proceed
cautiously IN safeguarding treaty and
trade rights. Two extremes Of policy
are being urged on the State Depart
ment. One assumes that China has ar
rived al the stage Of development where
she is entitled 70 immediate recognition
az world power, completely sovereign
within her own boundaries and able TO
guarantee the degree Of safety 10 for
eigners and their property that all indie
pendent nations are expected to guar
antee without foreign governments CIV
ing their nationals naval or military
protection in China.
The other extreme view holds that
China lacks all the fundamental con-
diIioE1g which make stability assured,
such as q free and widespread press.
q liteYate population, an established
democratic order, adequate internal po-
Icing and courts Of justice. and other
phases Of autonomous governments;
that China will not attain these SUI
ncientIy within the lifetime of this
generation, and that therefore the
United States should pursue a strong
policy OF standing on present treaty
rights giving Americans special priv
lieges In China backed up by gunboats
and Marines.
A. course somewhat between these
two extremes has been steered so far
by the United States It has been
stated by both President Coolidge and
Secretary Kellogg that this country
ardentiy wishes 10 see a strong ma
tsO1ai government established In China
capable of giving foreigners the pro-
lection which fully self-goTerning ma
lions are expected 10 give. With that
protection asgured~-and not merely
f3rouised-r1ot only the United States
but all other big powers gladly viii
withdraw warships and troops, because
none Of the powers wants TO carry the
heavy financial burden Of expedition
cry forces one day longer than neces-
Sary.
Tendencies Are Hopeful.
whether the United States win have
given recognition To the new Ma
f.onalist government aDd begun this
revision of The so-eaIlcd unequal
treaties, with substantial reductions in
naval and military forces sent 10 China
before Secretary KeIloggis term ends, In
sgaych. remains TO be seen, but con-
siderable progress along all these lines
sill have been made In the next eight
months If Nationalist china can make
good its claim 10 being stable regime
and the beginning Of the new era
which has been looked for so long III
Mat distracted country.
Secretary Kellogg faces IN Nicaragua
end China the unusual situation where
ir the United States has 10000 Ma
yanes ON the soil of foreign nations, and
naturally would like 10 see conditions
-. 49,. 49, nle..ar