davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21
Reports National Geographic Society That Material Obtained
Covers Various Cones Ice Formations and Other Physical Features
Hitherto Unxpored Parts of National Domain

"Of present-day physical probings
into the earth, mine shafts and drilled
wells afford about the only examples,
and the depths Of these holes in rela-
ton to the size of the earth are almost
negligible. On a 12-inch globe, this
greatest depth to which man has been
able to penetrate the earth would be
represented by less than the thickness
of single sheet of newspaper! The
1860 miles that lie between the. we'll
bottoms and the center Of the earth are
unknown. About them man can only
theorize Small wonder, then, that vol
canism, whose causes apparently lie lar
below the region that mans tools nave
generated, have given rise to many n.y.
potheSes.
"To the early scientists the matter
seemed relatively simple. In mines and
wells it was found that for each 60 to
100 feet of depth the temperature OF
the surrounding rocks rose degree.
Not many miles down, it was argued,
the temperature would reach suft1-
GENTLY high degree to melt rock. There
fore, the earth consisted OF relatively
thin, rocky shell and molten interior.
Whenever the shell became cracked
or wherever an extra accumulation or
heat melted the shall through, part OF
the molten interior forced it's way above
the surface and created volcanoes.
But this explanation did not meet
| the physical necessities of the situa-
ton. Not only temperature, but pres
sure as well, increases from the surface
| of the earth toward the center, owing
to the weight of the rocks above. And
when a substance, such as rock, is put
under increasing pressure, higher and
| higher temperature is needed to melt
| it. If the temperature of the earth in
creases below a mile and half at the
same rate as down to that level, rock
would be molten Gf at surface pres
sure) before 50-mile depth was
reached. The temperature so miles
down would be $500 centigrade (2,700
degrees FahrenheiD or more. But at
that level the rock would be under the
tremendous pressure of more than 30O,-
600 pounds to the square inch, pres
sure six times that inside modern big
calibered artillery gun at the moment
of firing.
w TNDER such great squeezing force,
~ even 1900 centigrade could not
melt the rock. And apparently the in
creasing pressure would prevent melt
ing all the way to the center of the
earth, even though the heat grew great
er at almost the same rate as near the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21

a / Thomas A. Jaggar, leader of
NN the National Geographic So
Y ciety expedition to Pavlof
Island volcanoes, off the
Alaskan Peninsula, has cabled the So
ciety that the party is starting home
after the first Summers work among
the mightiest battery of active cones
in the world.
DIR. Jaggar's wireless dispatches al
ready indicate that his complete report
to the society will reveal newly discov-
cred volcanic cones, ice formations and
other physical features of hitherto I'M
explored areas of Uncle Sans domain.
A bulletin of the society explains the
reasons for volcano study as follows:
Mighty volcanic explosions that hurl
great clouds of ash and rock fragments
into the skies, quietly boiling lakes of
molten lava, spouting geySers, and even
spluttering little mud volcanoes are
all varying manifestations of heat
steadily working its way out of the
interior of the earth-all aspects of
Nolcanism, as the scientist puts it.
Man has observed these varied
activities on the surface of his plan
etary home for ages" continues the
bulletin from the Washington head
quarters of the society, yet there is
still much about them that he does
not understand 1t is to collect addi-
tional data on some of the more puz-
Eling aspects of volcaniSm that the
expedition led by DR.. Jaggar was sent
out by the society The Alaskan PENN
ssula and the 1,000-mile- feStoon of
tthe Aleutian Islands that sweeps off
from it, almost to the shores of Asia,
form one Of the worlds longest and
most spectacular chains of volcanoes.
: volcanic phenomena open up one
pf the most striking paradoxes of mod
ern science.
I'VE have learned intimate details
about the moon, more than 100000
miles away; we know something of the
Temperatures and weather conditions of
MARS; we have analysed the various
elements In the sun, 100000 miles
distant; we have even been able to find
the density of the mysterious star, the
Dark Comanion of Sirius" Is light
years away. Although we have cleaned
these secrets across vast reaches of
space, we have never been able to
probe the earth beneath our feet for
a greater distance than a mile or So
and we know nothing whatever of the
conditions of its deep interior, save by
indirect evidence and speculation built
on such meager data.
1.-THE ShalloWneSS of mans acquaint-
Bnce with his earth home is astounding.
las a farmer, he stirs up a few inches
tof the soil. AS miner he digs a few
hundred or few thousand fet into
rocks. AS a driller for oil and water
he makes his deepest missions, yet the
deepest well in the world penetrates
only about a mile and half into the
hpround, and lesser distance below
sea level.
mature has left few burrows OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21

most physicists and biologists have
abandoned the hypothesis that the in
terror of the earth is molten. One of
the modern hypothesis that is widely
held will seem to the layman to differ
very little from the older theory. 1t
assumes that below a surface crust,
approximately 40 miles thick, that the
rocky material is potentially molten
that is, 1t is at white heat and only
prevented from melting by the pres
sure of the 40 miles of rock that squeeze
down on it. 1t is assumed that, even
compressed as it IS, this material can
tuGs. somewhat as pitch or asphalt or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21

surface. 1t is considered not improb-
able that the temperature at the earth's
center is from 5000 to 10000 degrees
centigrade 10000 to $4,000 degrees
Fahrenheit). This is about the tenn
perature of the seething gases on the
surface of the sun. 1t is a tempera-
ture that should, under surface pressure,
turn the earth's core to gas. But the
pressure at the center of the earth
reaches the almost inconceivable figure
of 10000 tons or more to the square
inch, and under such pressure it is be-
lieved that even heat like that on the
sun is impotent to melt rock.
In the face Of these calculations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21

soft molases candy flows. Under this
theory some sort of volcanic activity
takes place whenever a break occurs
in the crust of the earth extending
through from the surface to the po-
tentially molten core just under the
crust It is supposed that such frac-
ture reduces the pressure 40 miles or
more down and that the white-hot ma
terial there, taking on molten condi-
ton, is forced up the crack both by
the surrounding pressure and by the
expansion of its hot gases.
Another theory, which discards the
idea of potentially molten condition
AQ miles down, views the earth as on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-10-21

great depths. The deepest of all
is the Japan Deep in the Pacific Ocean,
covered by nearly six and a half miles
of sea water. In the land the deepest
permanent opening below sea level is
the basin of the Dead Sea, whose shore
line lies 1900 feet below sea level. The
Grand Canyon of the Colorado and
similar eroded canyons extend a mile
or more below the surface of the
ground, but their bottoms are still above
sea level. Nowhere has man been able
even to examine unmelted rocks that
were once more than or 8 miles
below the surface, and these, the prod
ucts Of mountain building, were raised
from their former situations many
thousands Of years ago, s 49,. .
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
Goodwin Congratulates
Allen on Victory

Boston. Sept. 19-Frank A. Good
win, who was defeated by Lieut..
Gov. Frank G. Allen In the contest
for 4esxernor 10. ynstsrday's primary
election. sent a telegram to Allen to-
day coneratulating him on his VIC
tory. "While you and I are as far
apart az the poles in our conception
OF what is best for the people OF
Massa chusetts." Goodwin said. 1T
Is extremely gratifying that our con-
test was waged on issues and not on
personalities"
Allenwin also issued a statement
thanking his thousands OF friends
who believe in me and worked so
hard and unselfishly for my sue
cess
He said the large vote he received
Represents a widespread protest
against abuses which must be reme-
died"
II am going away for 4 rest Of
about 10 days and will return ready
for the campaign" he said.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
Nassau Suffers But
Little From StofN

Boston. Sept - (UP) - IAeeo
were no casualties and slight pss1-
erty damage vas suaere1 fro0 The
Indies hurricane at Nassau IN the
Bahamas, It was announced to-day
by the Tropical Radio Telegraph
company.
A full report Of the hurricane
from the company's superiatendsst
OF telegraph at Nassau vas receives
today. 1t said that except for the
uprootinE Of some trees and the
disruption OF communication. the
Bahamas suffered little.
His report allayed fears which
had been held for the islands fol-
lowing the inability Of the CON-
pany's Miami station to communi-
cate with the stations ut Nassau.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19

she was at the store, he was attach ed
again by his father. In fear. she
called the police.
Probation Officer Connolly testi-
fed that Fox was placed in his
charge In March following his arrest
on the. charge of non-support and
has since shown resentment towards
his wife because she had him ar
rested. $780,. w."
He il a competent electrician but
his drinking habits prevent him from
having steady employment. with the
result that his wife and six children.
whose ages range from months TO
3 years. have been in need of out
side support a number Of times. his
complaint that his wife does net take
proper care of the children is not
well founded. Mr.. Connolly said.
Fox admitted that he drank wine
yesterday but did not suspect that
1t would overcome him. The boy
needed chastisement because he
does not come home from school un-
til s and p. M. very often. Fox de-
clared and more than once his
mother has demanded that he be
whipped.
Prosecuting Attorney Woods flaw
ed Fox for the bad example he sets
by coming home intoxicated and
Eeglecting and abusing his family.
How do you expect your children
are going to have any respect Tor
you?" he asked him and FOX ad-
mitted he had not done his duty by
them.
The continued case OF Silvio
Giomonti, aged IS, Of 81 Mitchell
street, charged with breach OF the
peace and assaulting his wife. was
continued until December 81 on
recommendation Of Probation Off
Ger Connolly.
The charge of reckless driving was
nolled in the case of Christian 1ru-
dell, aged 80, of $40 Stanley street.
who was arrested by Motorcycle Of
ficer Doty,
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
BERA7ED BY JUDGE
FOR BEATING BOY
Father Rtprim,ndd ief Punch
Ing and Kicking Son

III ever a man deserved to 20 to
jail. you do. What you need more
than anything else Is about 50 days
in jail and be made to serve every
day Of 1t. for your actions towards
your boy. You ought to be thor
oughly ashamed Of yourself" Judge
Roche told Richard Fox. IS years of
age. of 46S Myrtle street. who was
cha rged with drunkenness, breach Of
the peace and axsaulting hts year
old son. Thomas In police court to.
day. However" the Judge con-
ttnued. Il am going to give you one
chance. not because ] think you de-
serve it but simply and solely on ac-
count of the fact that your hrst dut,
is to support your family" He im-
posed a suspended jail sentence Of
Is days and costs ana warned Fox
to behave or he would be Jailed If
convicted within a year.
Il know l should not drink" Fox
said In his plea for q chance. u can
90 to work in Bristol and ] promise
never TO take another drink"
Motorcycle Officer David Dnty
testified that he made the arrest last
evening on complaint. He found
Fox intoxicated and the little boys
left ear discolored from his fathers
punches. His body bore the I'm
prints of his fathers shoes in sew
eral places where he was kicked.
Fox was using vile language tow ar,ia
his wife and children, the officer
said.
Attacks Boy Twtcc
Mrs. Fox testified that she has had
hard life with her husband for q
long time and yesterday he vas In
toxicated on his return home from q
job. He attacked the hoy and the
latter ran from him and fell twice
When he told her OF the beating
which had been administered while
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19

ments at the frst examination
period.
Today the student body gathered
for the first time In the year to hear
President James l.. McConaughy give
the matriculation address This
was a plea for a temperate attitude
towards college and life. the golden
mean" urged by classical philoso-
piers
In Broad Sense
The president used Temperance"
in broad sense. saying that Plato
termed it an essential characteristic
of the ideal state. Socrates called 1t
the evidence that man In master
of himself and st. Paul referred TO
it in letter to young Titus as
soberminded."
President McConaughy said that
temperance was a difficult character
istic for Americans, practically COL
legs students to attain. I'VE as peo-
pie tend to overdo one point Of
view. to be over enthusiastic about
one side of life. TO adopt fada" he
said. I'm athletics We have or
ganized our play. often commercial
lied 1t. and taken most Of the fun
out Of it. We go into the Olympics
as a business, with defeat considered
a national disgrace instead Of view
ing the games in the spirit in which
the Greeks founded them. Our pa
triotism tends TO extremes. one hum
dred per cent American khan aud
distrust Of other people. In re-
ligion We tend to he either funia-
mentalists or modernists instead Of
sensing the truths on each side.
To Vote For Hoover
I'm politics We see OVERRIDING. or
lack Of sober minded temperate
point Of view. The present cam
raign illustrates this pointedly. Per-
sonally, 7 shall vote for Hoover be-
cause I prefer his policies and his
party. But 7 believe the other cam
didate is fully qualified ia be presi-
dent. do not believe his religious
views or his early life in any way
flisanalifv him for the highest Of
fee in tho land. II majority Of
the American voters prefer him. !
nredict that his career as president
will he as distinguished az have heen
his reneated eovernorships Of New
York"
President McConaughy urged In
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
WESLEYAN opens
CLASSES TODAY
Half Of Freshman Glass Are
Pledged to Fraternides

Middletown, Sept. 10 P-Wes-
leyan university opened today with
freshman entering class Of APP
proximateiy 1s5. the usual size. Dean
Frank Nicholson said that it was the
best prepared class that has yet
entered Wesleyan i'll view of the fact
that the college has accepted certi-
ticate grades from students in
schools from only the New England
area.
There are a number of outstand-
ing athlates among the entering
class, several OF them being over SIX
feet tall. There is also freshman
that has had three generations of
Wesleyan men in his family.
Davis Prominent
He is Kenneth E. Davis, of Ever
EFT, Mass. His brother, Donald is
now a senior at Wesleyan. His
father. Charles H. Davis. was in the
class of 1900, his grandfather
Charles +. Davis, deceased. was in
the class of 1875, and his great
grandfather, Loranus Crowell. of the
class Of 1910. His uncle. II. Lor-
anus Davis. of Evanston, Ill. was in
the class of 1900 and great uncle,
Prof. William North Rice. class Of
1865. was professor emeritus of
geology. and twice acting president
of Wesleyan. Kenneth is pledged to
the Psi Epsilon fraternity, to which
his brother. father. and grand
father have been members.
The pledging of freshman to fra
ternities has started and although
not completed, over half the en-
trants have been pledged. The in
itiation Of men will not take place
until the second semester. This will
be an experiment agreed upon by
the fraternities to weed out the men
| who do not take scholastic require
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
EYEWITNESSES Of
STORM TELL STORY
Wall Of W,t9 Eight Fea. High
WASHES House Away

West Palm Beach. Fla, Sept. -
N-Graphic eyewitness stories OF
death and privation in the back
woods region around the great lake
Okeechobee In Southern Florida
were brought here today by injured
and destitute perscns from that re-
gion.
Thrilling stories OF escapes were
told by all refugees who were
brought here by the Red Cross for
medical treatment. lodging or food.
Water Eight Feet Deep
d. H. Walker, a farmer OF South
Bay, who oscar ped with his wife and
five children, said the dyke broke
about II p. m. Sunday. sending
wall of water through South Bay to
q depth OF eight feet. His house Was
washed away and he ana his family
sought -refuge son 4 houseboat where
approximately $50 other persons
weFe lodged. He said he saw many
persons unable to get to the house.
boat holding to drift wood. He
counted % bodies Ved to trees with
rope by rescue workers to keep
them from floating away. Pracu-
cally all the territory in that section
was under water. he said.
House Collapses
A, Hargraves, who has been
farming In the section between
Belleglads and Pahokee said when
his home started to collapse, ne
sought refuge in another house only
to leavs 1t when it too was being
blown away. He ran to third house
where two white men and ten ne
rroes had sought refuge. When II
started to collapse he crawled Z
quarter Of . mile on his hands and
knees~to a tree, where he found
negro man and wife clinging to
TOP limb. Shortly afterward ne saaa
he saw the house containing the tvs
white men and the negroes washed
away when the dyke broke. He new
err saw. the occupants Of the mouse
again.
water around the tree arose
about nine feet in thirty minutes, ne
related. He and the two Negroes
we're rescued the next morning and
brought here for treatment.
The names of the white men IT
the house were Horace -Redding. %
and his brother-in-la~. Harrison
Roberts, 81, Hargraves reported.
Carroll Winegardner Of Boynton
4 dairy worker. was injured abou'
the head when the dairy house II
which he and his family and sever
al other workers had sought refugt
was carried away. His father ans
mother, Mr.. and Mrs. c. NJ. Wine
gardiner were seriously injured ant
brought to a refugee camp here.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
ENTITIES PAIL ON GIRL

Motorcycle Officer Thomas Blan-
chette went to II Kensington street
about S45 last night to investigate
complaint that a girl had been
soaked with water thrown By q
reiEhbor. He learned that Anthony
Ceskavich OF 70s Arch street has
been annoyed by the Girl. who v
years OF age and her brother. Who ID
4. the children OF A. Mirante. the
complainant. Ceskavich denied that
he kicked the boy and the officer.
was unable to find any marks TO dia-
prove him. but he admitted that he
emptied pail Of water on the giri.
whose dress was wet. The officer
learned that the families have been
having trouble of late and yesterday
was but another outbreak
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
SENTENCED TO PRISON

Bridgeport, Sept. 10 Rl-Herman
Gerster, IS. former clerk of the
Municipal garage pleaded guilty to
embezzlement of $16,0S5.2l OF the
city's funds in the superior court to-
Gay.
Judge Edwin c. Dickinson sem
fenced Gerster to from two to five
years in states prison.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
N thu Assoeiatsa Piss..

u the Associated Pfesat
New York-The will Of Charles
K. Eagle creates = fund Ito assist
working girls In the development OF
their lives and characters in fur
nishing for them more comfortable
living surroundings and accommo-
dations and generally to assist those
who disclose any special aptitude or
ability to prosecute their studies and
work along their chosen lines"
Eagle. wealthy silk merchant, COM
mitted suicide. His will. after speci
fic requests OF 3l.1Oo,0oo. leaves
half the residue to the widow and
the rest for working girls.
Berlin-Matrimo nial agencies are
finding it easier to arrange match
for a woman between rs and 80
than for \ girl of 20. The explana-
! ton is that men prefer the more
sedate and sensible.
New York-Little girls are now
barred As public school teachers.
Applicants must be at least tive
| feet tall. Those under that height
are presumed to lack commanding
personality.
Misunderstanding lived quite
bit lately on the hurricane decks OF
mules. some recent graduates OF An
napolis are inclined to believe that
a course on equitation should be Ia
cluded In the naval academy's cur
riculum. Twenty-Five of them are
assisting the American electoral
commission. Nest are at stations in
the back country. One had to ride
a mule II days through the jungle.
New York-Winifred Rockefeller.
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Percy A.
Rockefeller, and great-niece of
John D., 10 to marry Brooks ENEMY
of Salem. O.. instructor in govern
ment and international relations at
Yale and graduate OF Princeton.
4 Canton-Clever. these Chinese.
Wong Mou-Jen, coolie. established
a special delivery letter service be-
tween Canton and Samshui, 81 miles
away, and earned three gold dollars
a day, about five times az much as
he could otherwise. Then the gov
srnment sent him to the rock pile
for interfering with monopoly.
l
New York-Herman Meyerowit2
lsays his horse thinks red Is green
and green is red. That's the excuse
he gave in court for passing a traf-
fic signal. His sentence was suspend
ed on condition that he blindfold
the horse.
Chamonix. France-1t is easy to
climb the Alps now. An airfield has
been established here and is MAX
ing quite a profit from those who
like to be able to boast of having
been to the top Of Mont Blanc and
such places and even higher with
out great physical exertion.
Princeton, N. jim his 9th yeal
James L. Briner smokes strong ci.
gars and enjoys his cup Of coffee
I No was Formerly mayor OF this col
lege town.
: New York; delicate morsel fol
lion is a nice automobile tire
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
Favors Toboggan> Slide
At Alix Stanley Tract

Bernard G.. Kranowitz. a member
OF the municipal recreation COM
mission for several years, has been
selected to represent his board at
a meeting OF the national play
ground and recreation commission
st Atlantic City. N. j.. during the
week of September 80. Commission
er Kranowitz Is particularly inter-
ested in the progress which has been
made on municipal toboggan slides
and will seek information which
may be used in connection with q
movement to have one established
at the A. W. Stanley tract In Stan
ley Quarter.
READ HERALD CLASSIFIED ADS
FOR BEST RESULTS
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1928-09-19
MISS MALoNEY sHowE1:ED

4 miscellaneous shower was ten
dered Miss Mary Maloney Of IFS
Monroe street at her home Monday
night by about 80 friends from
Hartford and this city. Bridge was
played and prizes were awarded.
The home was prettily decorated in
pink. white and green with gladi-
oil and ferns. Miss Maloney will
become the bride Of George r. Nc
Guire of 80 Wallace street on Sep
TENDER a.