davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

peared at Poolesville and everywhere
else in Maryland, Pennsylvania and
West Virginia, Cavalry enough II re-
ported to have appeared to fill up the
whole of Pennsylvania and leave no
room for the inhabitants, Since we
were not allowed to cross and whip a.
p. Hill while Longstreet and Ewell were
moving off through Culpeper and Sper-
ryvilie, we have lost the opportunity OF
doing a thing which we knew to GER
tainty We could accomplish.
We cannot 60 boggltng around until we
know what we are going after, Get any
news you can that you know Is definite
and reliable and bring out with YOU.
Will they cashier any Of these people
who send in such stampeding reports?"
THE uncertainty as to the location or
plans Of the Army OF the Potomac
was further increased by strict censor
ship of news dispatches, In accordance
with the following message from Gen.
Hooker to l.. o. Copyright, head Of the
Washington bureau OF the Associated
Press, at 10:45 am. June IL;
Gentlemen: / have particularly TO
request that the following rules may be
observed in publishing anything con-
corning this army or Its movements;
Il. Under no circumstances should
be published the location OF any corps,
division, brigade or regiment, and espe-
cially Is the location of my headduar-
tiers never to be named excepting during
a fight.
% That official reports, when tur-
nished without the sanction OF the War
Department, may never be published.
"After any fight the reporters can
open their fire as loudly as they please,
but avoid. unless It Is general battle
giving the designation Of forces engaged.
Require all reporters signatures to their
published letters. These rules being
observed. every facility possible will be
given to reporters and newspapers In
this army. including the license to abuse
or criticize me to their hearts content;
Before leaving Washington by rail-
road at pm. June % to overtake his
the sick and the Army supplies ct Alex
andria to point within the outer line
of Notifications.
Just after dark on June IS J. D.
Finney. telegraph operator at Union
Mills, Va, on the Orange a. Alexandra
Railroad, made the following report by
wire 70 the Washington defense head
quarters:
Heavy firing has been heard for a
couple Of hours In the direction of Wolf
run Shoals, both nusketry and artil-
lery. Only an occasional shot Ii heard
now, but II Ia very distinct. apparently
not more than three miles of. was
told q few minutes ago that the rebels
had attacked two Of our batteries on
the way from Bristoe to Fairfax Sta
ton. Have not heard result"
Twenty minutes later the operator at
Fairfax Station cut ir on the wire to
headquarters and reported.
Brig. Gen. Tyler informs me that
the enemy are In position with bat
terry on the other side Of Wolf Run
Shoals. Smelling the woods on this side,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

Adjt. Gen. Williams telegraphs the
operator at Union Mills to leave imme-
diately."
Gen. Rockers strenuous efforts to OBJ
tain every available regiment to I'LL out
his army left the defenses Of Washing
ton in very weakened condition, Gen,
Heintzelman ON June rs reported to
Gen. H. w. Ha'leck, commander-in-chief
OF the armies, that the proposed re-
moyal by Hooker of two Pennsylvania
regiments from Alexandria would leave
but TIC men to hold the southern wing
Of the defenses Of the National Capital.
He protested that this was much too
small q garrison for so important .
point. Two other regiments, the guard
Of the convalescent camp near Mount
ida, between Washington and Alexan-
dria, also were ordered TO move. Gen.
Heintzelman declared that these regi-
ments ARE the guards Of some 5000
paroled prisoners, stragglers and con-
valescents, and II these are withdrawn
there will be nothing to prevent these
men from straying all over the country,
Should any OF these troops De with
drawn, ] have not another regiment TO
replace them.
tFrom Gen. De Russy's report OF
June 90" Gen. Hetntzelman stated, ne
had but 10 men for each gun, and since
then new fort has been garrisoned
from his command. still further reduc-
ing the number of men per gun. This
leaves no men for reliefs. On this SIDE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

| Chain Bridge was torn up. Scouts were
sent out to locate the enemy,
In Washington serious alarm was
| felt when it became apparent that no
Union forces stood between Stuart and
the Capital. On June q Stuart's gray
troopers marched from Wolf Run
Shoals, on Bull Run Greek, less than a
days march from Alexandria, toward
Fairfax Station. His advance, led by
Gen Wade Hang On. struck detaeh-
ment Of Federal cavalry, known as
SCOTS Nine Hundred. The Union
force, though tremendously outnunl-
bered, charged calamity and was driven
back with great loss.
Stuart's cavalrymen RECALLED Them
selves on Federal provisions captured at
Fairfax, and in the afternoon reached
Dranesville, where they found the camp
fires of Sedgwick'S 9Th Union Corps
still burning. Sever ! Union stragglers
were captured. with Hampton leading
the advance, the Confederates crossed
the Potomac only Is miles west Il
washington, at Rowzers Ford.
The Chesapeake g. Ohio Canal. which
was then an important Union line OF
supply, was wrecked by the Confed-
crates and the advance was continued
toward Rockville. Md, the column mop
ping up" small Union detachments
along t. way. Gen. Hampton cap
tured Rockville while the advance guard
CT Fitzhugh Lees brigade engaged in q
running fight with the I'd New York
Cavalry.
Rockville was speedily taken posses
sion Of" Stuart reported later. This
place Is situated on the direct wagon
road from washington city to Hooker 5
army, and consequently on his route OF
communication with Washington after
crossing the Potomac. The telegraph
| line along Ii was torn down for miles"
Gen. Stuart threw out a screen OF
troopers to the District line, and on the
Rockville pike, now Wisconsin avenue
they came upon long train Of Federal
Army wagons headed for Hooker's
army The train was about eight miles
long, the tail of the column being only
three or four miles from the heart OF
| the city when the Confederate troopers
struck 1t like a cyclone. Not a single
wagon escaped. more than l25 Of them
falling into the enemy's hands, Many
we're overturned and burned. Nearly
400 Union prisoners. many OF them
officers, who had been In Washington
that morning were captured.
| GTUANT for time considered the
~ advisabiiity of making an attack
on the National Capital. which clearly
was insufiiciently guarded.
THE capturing and securing of this
train" he rel orted. had for the time
scattered the leading brigade. l caicu-
lated that before the next brigade could
march this distance and reach the de-
lenses of Washington 1t would be after
dark The troops there would have
had time to march 10 position TO meet
| the attack on this road, To attack at
night with cavalry. particularly unless
certain OF surprise, would have been
extremely hazardous. To wait till
morning would have lost much time
| from my march TO join Gen. Lee.
without the probability of compensat-
ing results. / therefore determined
after getting the wagons under way, to
proceed directly north, so as TO cut the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

of the river Washington the garrisons
are still smaller. AS all my cavalry has
been taken from the other side, should
! the Army of the Potomac move from
my front, the first indication OF the
| approach of the enemy would De their
appearance at our work."
/ *'& y
| COLEAIN warning that Washington
was in deadly peril was voiced by
Brig. Gen. ], q, Barnard. designer and
chief engineer of the defenses Of Wash
ington. in a confidential report made on
June 25 to Gen. Heintzelman.
1T was never supposed that the forts
alone would protect Washington" he
said. aided by darkness or fog, bodies
/ of cavalry may pass between them, or
columns of infantry may. If aided By
artillery and infantry attacks upon the
works themselves, contriVe TO pass
| through.
may, further, the works themselves
are not deemed secure without full gar
risons. I understand that not only are
| there no troops left to man the rifie
pits and to support the artillerymen OF
| the forts but that even the number OF
srtilierymen is not up TO standard. The
safety of Washington Is therefore de-
| pendent upon Ho0keras army, and that
army must constantly keep itself be-
| tween the enemy and every consider
| able body of the enemy and Washing
ton. But Hooker ought to and doubt
less will maneuver his army without
such a trammel and II he gives battle.
whether In Virginia, MARYLAND or PENN
syivania. he ought TO give u WIN MS
4 a
cavalry might under such circumstances
| dash into and destroy Washington
| At the time he was writing his report
| Stuart. with quite "a considerable body
OF cavalry" was preparing for It's dasn
between Hooker's army and Washing
ton, and the peril was even grayer than
| Barnard had supposed.
Gen. Barnard urged the military or
ganization of the citizens Of Washing
| ton If this could be done without caus-
| ing an unnecessary panic"
hThe quartermaster's department" ne
| said, has a large number OF employees,
who. I am told. have been organized,
| The citizens and transient persons IN
Washington should be able to organize
force of $4,000 or $4,000 more. Alto
gether we might make up $4,000 or
| &c. 600 men, which number. armed and
drilled to the use of the muSket or field
piece, organized into companies and
battalions, and their alarm posts as
signed, would enable us to resist an at
tack In considerable force.
This organization was promptly be-
gun, and at o'clock the following
afternoon, June az. Gen. Halleck oil
rected that all troops in the city be
prepared to move to the front that
/ night, their guards TO be replaced ny
| the quartermaster's employees. under
| command of Gen. Rucker. He ordered
that the guard regiments be assembled
at regimental headquarters. provided
with loo rounds OF ammunition, and
! that the artillery batteries also be ready
| to move at a moments notice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

and the protection of the Army and
Washington from Confederate raids to-
ward the National Capital.
On June II began series Of cavalry
battles. the first clash occurring at
Aide. on the Observation-Disclosures
road. The blue troopers drove the
gray westward to Middleburg. but not
without heavy losses. The LIST Rhode
Island Cavalry was almost wiped out.
Col. Duffie and 80 officers and men eS-
Gaping after destroying their colorS -
prevent their capture. This regiment
alone lost 214 officers and men. On
June IS PleaSanton attacked Stuart 5
whole force at Middleburg and pressed
it back through Upperville into Ashoy's
Gap.
ON June IS the Army of the Potomac
began its two-day crossing Of the
Potomac over pontoon bridges at Ed
wards Ferry. This uncovered the vir-
ginia approaches to Washington. and
on June 81 Stuart began his disastrous
raid toward Washington under the
guidance of Col John S. Mosby, the
noted guerrilla leader.
Great precautions were taken by the
Union commanders in the Notifications
around washington to forestall raids by
the reorganized and vigorous Confed-
crate cavalry. Mai. Gen Stuart T.
Heintzelman, in command of the de-
lenses Of Washington. ordered the roads
of approach blocked by telling trees
across them, and concentrated his
available troops in the exposed works
Paroled prisoners were removed TO An
napoiis or farther north. All passage
Of the Potomac River bridges was
stopped al night and the planking o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08
Unexpored Mountains of Panama Among the Guaym Tbesmen
Ang Leader Has Unexpected EHect-Ord of Official Initiation

mountain Guaymi Is not a brown or q
red Indian. The men are pale ocher
or russell In color. the women olive
skinned, and many of the younger girls
are no darker than brunette European,
In physique, too. they differ markedly
from other Central American Indians.
Although not tall as compared with
white men. yet they average far taller
than the other tribes, and their legs and
bodies are well developed and muscular,
In sharp contrast to the average Indians
OF Central and South America. whose
shoulders, arms and chests are out OF
all propol ton TO the rest of their bodies.
When Neonandi addressed them, some
Of them from time 10 time would grunt
'Kwsnki" which knew meant good"
and nod their heads. When the chief
ceased speaking another Indian rose and
talked, and again the others grunted
assent
When several had spoken Neonandi
explained To me what he had told the
indians tmost OF whom were subchiefs
and councilorsl about myself and my
wishes. They had one and oil approved,
He added that MS II would be iMpoS-
sible for me to visit all the thousands
of duaymis In the time ut my disposal.
he had suggested sending word 10 the
other chiefs who In turn would send
word to their subjects. calling upon the
indians TO gather at rendezvous on q
certain day so that could visit them
all together
One of the younger chiefs had an
even better idea, Perhaps, he suggested,
many OF the Indians would not come
merely to oblige \ stranger and white
man, for white men were not liked, and
the shyer and wilder Quaymis might
prefer TO keep away But II the Indians
were summoned 10 ceremonial and
danea they would be sure TO come,
Preparations were ut once made Ia send
word 10 the chiefs and the trihesmen,
The meeting had bean arranged for
eight days later, and In due time We
left Neonandis house and headed into
the endless mountains. The journey
was ariuous but the scenery was superb
There were cloud-piercing peaks, roaring
rivers. tumbling cataracts. rich noun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (now be-
coming the enemys main war artery
that night"
Stuart paroled most of his Union
prisoners at Brookeville that night and
the remainder at Cooksville the next
dav when he struck the Baltimore q
Ohio Railroad, threatening Washington
and Baltimore. squadron of the LIST
Delaware Cavalry, which was encoun-
tered at Westminster. Md. tut up a
stubborn fight, but was cut to pieces,
and the fugitives, pursued for long
distance toward Baltimore, finally Gre
ated great panic in that city,
Excitement In Washington grew to a
fever point when 1t was learned that
Stuart was on the south of the Potomac
after the Union Army had completed
its crossing Of the river and was on
the way North. The uneasiness gave
way to panic as 1t became apparent
that Stuart's cavalry was approaching
the city. Coupled with the alarm was
uncertainty regarding the whereabouts
of the Union Army and the progress OF
the hostile invasion, which was known
in Washington to have passed the PENN
syivania border.
Gen. Rufus ingalls,. quartermaster
general Oh Tie AkLlN "a TAG EuV0ahuNs
who had established headquarters at
22l Pennsylvania avenu, until OUTFIT
ting of the Army for its campaign could
be completed. received the following
telegram from Maj. Gen. Daniel Butter
| field. chief of staff of the army in the
field. at $40 pm June IT:
"Try and hunt up somebody from
Pennsylvania who knows something and
has cool enough head TO judge what
| is the actual state of affairs there with
regard to the enemy, Seven or eight
thousand men are reported at WIZ
| Transport. Couch reports his pickets
driven in, Enemy reported to have ap-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

tain valleys and vast upland plains OF
savannas. Most of the time We were
we'll above the jungle, often even above
the timber line. and stunted live oaks
and coarse grass were the only forms Of
Three days of fearful trails-~travers-
ing raxor-edged ridges with yawntng
abysses on either side, skirting prcei-
pieces where a misstep meant DEATH
fording torrents, scranloiing up one pre-
oipitouS mountainSide and sliding down
another-hrought US at least, tired, ach-
ing and Sun-baked, 10 the meeting place
In the midst OF maze OF cloud
draned ranges great fiat-topned, iSo-
iateu NSountain rose like sta..sendous
pyramid, and upon this. In the ceaser OF
the level space on the summit, stooo the
ceremonial mouse vi temple. an immense
structure of fresh thatch and timber
erected for the occasion, IL was fully
100 feet In length by 80 feet wide and
so feet high, with It's caves reaching To
within 2 feet of the ground. A few
wards 10 one side was 4 smaller build
ing-put up, I found, for my own use.
ScARCELY had settled myself in
- my hut when NeonandL who had
slipped away. returned and informed me
that the dance chief was very III, and
that unless he recovered no ceremonial
could be held, Would ! try 20 cure
himp When expressed my willingness
to try. Neonandi led the way TO the
great temple, and. stopping low, we
sauirmed under the caves and entered
the building.
Here, wrapped In innumerable skins
and bark-cioth blankets, lay wrinkled,
gray headed old Indian. his face drawn
and pinched with pain. diagnosed his
case rs nothing worse than collie, gave
him some pills, and assured both him
and Neonandi that he would be quite
we'll by the following day,
/ had thought that all the partiei-
pants in the forthcoming dance were
now present, but throughout the whole
night and the following day the m
dams continued TO arrive. until on the
morning of the great day nearly .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08
nercan Serves as White Chief Among Unconquered Indians

thousand were gathered on the noun
Then from far OF came the faint
sound of a cow-horu trumpet, and In
stantly the Indians were on the alert,
aud, shouting "Montexuma! Monte
xumal" they commenced beating drums
and blowing horns and whistles,
Soon, from beyond q projecting spur
on the mountainside a little group OF
mounted GuayIniS appeared and, TO .
welcoming roar of Salutation, the ruler
Of all the Guayrais came riding into
our midst. To my amaaenlent, he
was q young man. 3 finely-built, WELL
set-up. and very light-skinned Indian,
with regular features, dignified ex-
preston, broad forehead and tntellt-
gent face. His costume was in no way
different from that Of his subjects.
though his crown, of quetzal tails, set
of BY a hand OF golden and scarlet
maeaw feathers. wES most regal
affair
Montesuma greeted me, Then, ac-
eoupanied BY Neonandi and two medi-
cine men, I've disappeared into the
temple.
4 S the sun set the Indians lit fiaring
- torches: and when night fell they
gathered In q great throng about tho
ceremonial house. Drums doomed.
flutes and whistles Shrilled, and rattleS
shook. the barearic music finally rising
to deatening rear.
Then slowly at first. but with ever
increasing speed, the Indians COM
menced dancing round and round the
temple, chanting in unison, keeping
time to the thr0hhing drums and pip
ing flutes, and alternately Stooplng loV'
or leaplng up IN regular order. u ~
the moving stream OF figures appeared
like great serpent gliding in SinuouS
curves about the building.
Suddenly the music stopped, and
silently the dancers faded away, duck
ing under the caves OF the temple.
From within came a weird chant
wailing cadence, and the slow, meas
ured beat of drums, was anxious co
enter and see what was taking place.
but Neonandi cautioned me against it.
The evil spirits We're being driven out
he explained. and II went near they
might take possession Of me
A few moments later when The music
mad ceased, the chief touched my arm
and heckoned for me To follow him.
was to enter the house 10 witness the
sacred ceremonies OF the Quaymis.
Inside, a few suffering torches est
Continued ON Seventh Pagel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

trade with these outlying tribesmen-
but that was all If they attempted TO
90 farther, they were in peril.
For all these reasons, very little was
known of Guayni life, dialect customs
or arts, and 1t was 10 secure scienttfic
information and obtain collection OF
Ouayn1i articles and utensils that !
planned to enter the forbidden terri
tory.
Personally. ! mad little fear of being
ordered out. / have spent many years
among South and Central American
Indian tribes: have learned their ways,
their psychologists and many OF their
dialects, and never. even among The
most hostile and savage races, have
been harmed or even threatened /
therefore felt certain that ! should be
equally successful with the Guaynlis.
Most important Of all. had already
made a firm friend of one OF the
Guayf,i chiefs II was 10 his house that
/ went first Of all
THE Guaymis were scattered over q
vast area house here. another
there. often many hours or even days
marches apart~~Whiie the entire eoun~
try was divided roughly into three dis
tricts. each ruled by separate chief.
One Of these was my friend, Feonandi,
another was his cousin. while The third
and most powerful chief OF all was
known as Montezuma
! How he came by this name did not
know. The Indians could only tell me
! that the head chief Of the tribe had al
/ ways borne the name Of M0ntezirna.
Whether he was really descendant OF
| the Aztec kings or whether. long ages
, ago. the dnaymis had heard OF Mons
tezuma ruling III Mexico and borrowed
the title for their own king, could not
! determine
| subsequently discovered, however,
| that many Of the Guaymi habits were
strikiugiy similar tn those Of the Aztecs,
while a large percentage OF the WORDS IN
their tongue are unquestionably o. Aztec
origin.
The fact that the Guaymi king was
a Montezuma made me all the more
anxious 70 visit his district and see the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08
BY A. HYATT yERRILL,

w YHEE the SpaniarcG first
n reached the Isthmus OF Pan
wv anna numerous tribes Of In
dams fought them AZ every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

NE Of the most eventful pages
i'll the history OF the National
Capital was written IS years
: ago this month. IT was a
l,lnnk iSao,a of ffrrnr and nil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08


n reached the Isthmus of Pan
wv anna numerous tribes Of In
dams fought them al every
turn. In most cases the In
vaeefS made short work OF the ma
tiges. and so thoroughly subdued and
e1terninated many Of the tribes that
today not one member Of them sur
wives
Certain races, however, managed 70
hold out. carrying on relentless war
fare until the Dons deciding that the
game was not worth the candle, left the
aborigines IN unGisputed possession Of
theik ancestral lands. Among these I'M
vaIlQulShed Indians Of Panama were
the Guaymis. who gtill proudly boast
thai they have never been conquered,
although nowadays they are peaceful
and quiet and give no trouble~~so long
Is they are left alone.
70 be sure, some Of the Cuaymia
we're eflslayed. and some became sub
jeei& of Spain. for the Cuaymi race was
q large one, made up of closely related
tribes, gho WERE constantly nghtlng
among themselves. But the true Quay
mis- Of the still uueZplored mOIntainA
Of ChiTIaui Province negef gave In. and
al the present time are al free and in
dependent as ever. owing allegiance W
no man.
had been warned that II would be
impossible far nae 10 penetrate into the
Cuayml country, that every white man
VINO attempted IL had been driven out
and ! knew that only few months
previously two American naturalist
sno tifir party had been chased IRON
Cuaynli territory and had barely
escaped with their lives.
From time 10 time, TOO. both Paaa'
man and Americans had ATTEMPTED
u enter the Indian zone, attracted %
stories Of rich gold deposits, OF on q
u rubber. But none ever went lar
They might penetrate the mountain
fer short distance, they might visit
the semi civilized Guaymis on tft
frjnQ 8 ~ the Indian country, un3
tA4ght be treated Hospitality and ever
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-07-08

great chief, whom / pictured as an old,
GRIM isaged savage.
Neonandi promised to arrange mat
tiers, and the next day Indians by the
dozen began TO arrive at his house. All
wore their feather headdresses or crowns
Of eagle. heron, owl, wild turkey or
other feathers: all were dressed In their
gorgeousiy colored shirts and ornately