Evening star., 1928-05-06
Continued from First Page }

iCODtHnueQ from FlFSI rage
It must be understood, first of all
that political prattle is quite without
significance: that even written deeds,
duly paragraphed by governments OF
states. containing assurances Of union
excluding all possibilities Of conflict
have by themselves. in themselves, only
q limited virtue. They would be car
ried away like wisps of straw BY the
rowing wind If the storms of anger OF
passion. OF rivalries between peoples
we're let loose again.
Have Double support
In order 10 prevent the hurricane il
is essential that the agreements be-
tween nations--of which l will be care
ful not 10 speak I'll. to which, on the
contrary. / attach great value. less by
reason of what they comprise than by
reason of what they determine-haVe a
double support. psychological and an
economic support.
1t was often remarked during the
great war that III the soldiers who are
facing one another in the opposing
trenches were speaking the same Ian
guage, peace would soon be concluded >
The peoples of the Old World would
never forsake their mother tongues, but
they could acquire q Complementary
language; they must. after the pic
turesQue expression of nj. BRAND, learn
TO speak European.
That is to say a surge of common
ideas must spread across Europe, SUI
perimpoSing themselves on national pre-
cepts. penetrating by degrees the peoples
with an theology which will dominate
without effacing the theology particular
To each country. The task is consider
able, IL falls 10 the lot of the intellec-
tualS TO direct 1t to a successful conclu-
sion. / have the feeling that the
greater part of them understand ii, that
they are prepared TO work for new
Renaissance, for the task concerns itself
with nothing less than the renewal OF
civilization among the peoples who arc
stil holding It's torch aloft
win Intelligentsia Succeed:
VIII the "intelligentsia" succeed dur
ing the next 10 years in preparing for
this vast transformation? Exchange of
students or professors, conferences IN
Berlin and Vienna on Franch and Eng
lish matters. In Paris and in London on
German matters, dissemination by the
press of everything which can reconcile
good road. However, they are not the
first steps. Nothing decisive viii be
done SO long as there remains no organ-
ization. so long as the governments have
not co-ordinated-by the intermediary
Of their universities. OF their ministers
Of public instruction, of their great col
ieges--the scattered attempts made TO
unite the people.
Shall / disclose all my thoughts9
Whatever confidence / have IN the
force of ideas. however convinced ] may
be that there Is at the present moment
In Europe among the brainworkers. as
was said once upon time. an appetite
for union. am afraid that this great
movement will terminate In poor re-
suits unless the proposed structure Is
cemented by interests common to the
peoples concerned.
But what treasures me. what makes
me hope that the psychological support
necessary TO give actually to the agree
mentS between the nations will not de-
fault. Is that the necessities Of material
existence inperiously command the Old
World To combine.
Falls Back Upon Itself.
II has often been said that during the
course Of the last century Europe had
become a vast mandatory. containing
100 900 900 men more than she could
feed and succeeding IN maintaining
them only by exchanging the products
which came out OF her workshops FOR
commodities furnished by the new coun-
tries Of America and Australia or the
old countries Of Asia. The great war
has naturally dislocated manufacture II
has induced nations which Europe used
10 furnish with necessities to supply
themselves by their own means or In
other markets. principally almost ex-
ciuEively~--in the United States. And
here ig the Old World Obliged TO tall
back on itself. How can II substSt? BY
only one means-~-by developing the
needs of the populations which compose
1t In such a manner that 1t finds inter-
nally the external market that 1t lost.
For this increase of consumption
there are two conditionS~~the enlarge
ment Of the narrow national markets
and a general Improvement IN wages.
In other words Europe must create new
European consumers and increase by
the same effort the possibilities of con.
sumption of the inhabitants Of the old
World The enlargement OF national
markets presupposes liberal commercial
treaties leading by stages to free Euro
pean exchange welding the whole oE
Europe, excluding war, MS 1t was eA"
eluded from the United States OF Amefs
lea frcm the day when, following "A
grave clash between two States OF the
Union almost on the morrow OF It's torv
nation. clash which threatened TO
end IN a call TO arms, II Was formally
stipulated that no customs barrier what"
ever would be tolerated anywhere IN the
immense territory which extends from
the Atlantic 10 the Pacific,
Pr0teetionint Prejudice.
Utopia, you will think, The old
World will never accept the suppression
of customs barriers, The proteotionlst
prejudice IN which II stagnates II Too
cleyerly maintained by private interests
grant that there would be little
rhanoe of overcoming the opposition TO
free European exchange Of The great
modern "ieudais" s"szthe steel kings The
coal kings, etr III these we're leagaed
against the great reform hut can one
moi hope that their mentality viii
change? VIII they not perceive lhe
necessity Of grouping themselves ot
consulting with each ather9 The intefs
national Gaftela 0t Ateei, OF chemical