Evening star., 1928-12-23
Continued From First Page.)

peace chorus at the Geneva round
table. AS stated before, her 1929 "es-
Inmates" contemplate the enormous ex-
penditure of 100000. 900 gold francs
on her army and navy-an increase OF
836, 100000 gold francs over 1924. In
view of the 'steel wall" that the French
defense minister plans to erect just
back of the Rhineland, the expendi-
lures after 1880 presumably will double.
The "Locarno guarantees" of the Rhine
frontier evidently are taken at face
value-on paper. Frances expenditures
for army and navy t000.000's omitted)
for the past five years and 1929 esti-
mates. are as follows:
War ,......... 3,S76.T 6,814.8
Navy .......,.,,.., l,unu.9 Z.SOU.L
In gold francs ....., l,5o4 Z,ZUU
Italy's ornaments expenditures like
wise have shown steady growth, but not
to the extent of those of her neighbors.
The Fascist prediction for juggling
figures is cited by some as rendering
comparisons. so far as Italy Is con-
cerned, useless. But MuSsolini has never
shown any tendency to conceal his be-
lief in military and naval preparedness
and probably would be inclined to over
emphasize rather than underemphaSiZe
Italy's war strength In millions of
gold lire Rome's expenditures were:
lSG4-0. .......'...''.'.. 5Il,UUO'UVU
1885. ............'.... SIu,uuU,uOU
IS1o-I. ..........'.''''' LIZ t,Uou,VUO
1878. ............... l,5z4,OUU,UUu
Expenditures of United States.
The war expenditures of the United
States are too we'll known to need repe-
tition, except to call attention to the
fact that actual expenditures jumped
from $554,000,000, in 1885, to $685.
0G0 900, in 1926-27, and to $628,300, 900,
in 1928 The estimates announced
by President Coolidge for 1929 call
for an outlay of $658, 100000, or nearly
Sl00 100000 more than the 1929 esti-
mates of the United Kingdom. In fact,
the American preparedness" bill in
1926 was more than the combined ex-
penditures of italy, France and Ger
many-the three European countries
which are regarded as traditional enc
mics. The same ratio was not main
tanned the past two years, however, and
this year the three continental powers
together are spending around 1913, ,000,-
900 as against $628, 100000 for the
United States.
While their big brothers are doing
the international goose-step behind the
scenes, the smaller countries of the
world, especially of Europe-and the
so-called more backward nations, such
as Turkey, India, China-are not mark
ing time. No statistics are available
for Turkey and China, but it is known
that in both countries enormous strides
in militarism are being recorded. China,
a few years ago a disorganized mass of
nearly half-billion people, can throw
armies-trained and equipped-fgured
by millions. into the field. Turkey has
a crack army ready, while India, though
under British supervision, spent $780,
100000 on "armaments" in 1926.
Switzerland. perpetually neutral, spent
but $7,700,000 on her police army in
1909. In 1925 the amount had nearly
trebled. Sweden, traditionally peaceful
and without war for more than a
century, shows Jump from $24, 100 900,
in 1913 to $42,900,000 in 1925. Den
mark has gone from 100000 to $15,-
100000 over like period: Spain from
$50,oo0,00 in 1909 to $78,9o0,0o0 in
1913, and away up to $140.lo0,00o in