davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
UNITED FRUIT CO.
REPORTS PLUMBER

Reporting on it's foreign business,
the United Fruit Company has issued
figures showing the low wages paid
it's workers on plantations located
turnout seven Caribbean countries
where seventy-five per cent native
labor turns out huge profits for this
imperialistic trust.
Low Wages, Big Profits.
V. NJ Cutter, president of the
United Fruit Company, in a report
to the stockholders at their annual
meeting, explained how much the
company had done to stabilize" cur
rencies and labor conditions in these
countries during recent years, adding
that during the entire year 1927 the
company paid out to workers en-
ployed ON it's plantations in the Car
ribbean only S23,972, $3.50.
Low Wages.
Mr.. Cutter reported that least rs
per cent of the workers on all the
plantations were nationals of the
country where the plantations were
located, whose wages are very low.
He further revealed in his report that
even cheaper labor is obtained thru
system by which the United buys
half of it's fruit direct from private
planters who hire their own laborers
at even lower wage.
Describes Huge Trust.
The $23, 1872, 639.72 is paid to work
ers on plantations in Guatemala,
Jamaica, Panama, Columbia, Costa
RIGA, Honduras and Cuba, the largest
plantations being located in the last
four countries. The wages amount
to an insignificant percentage of the
profits of the company, revealed in
previous reports.
The United Fruit Company has
$4,000 employees, plantations in n.ne
foreign countries and fleet of ninety
vessels. 1t also owns radio telegraph
stations linking the Americas and con-
trolls railroad and steamship lines.
La addition to imports of fruit, which
constitute its main business, this
company imported 1914 tons of
freight to the same Caribbean coun-
1927, and shipped 775,561 tons Of
freight to the same caribbean coun-
tries during the same year.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
LEAGUE TO BUY HOME.

CHICAGO, Feb. 16 (FP).--Funds
for $4,000 home are being gathered
by the Chicago Wonlen's Trade Union
League. Trade union Endorsement and
cooperation are making the project
possible, President Agnes Nestor de-
clares. A building in the Ashland
Boulevard trade union district will be
bought and remodeled to house league
offices, meeting rooms, study classes
and tea room.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
Sixteen Filipino Workers. Eerded Like Cattle Storage OF Dollar Liner Die
SANDING TOLAY
DOWN ARMS WHEN
u. S. WITHDRAWS
Wants No Offices for
Himself

MEXICO CITY. Feb. 16. - The
Nicaraguan nationalist forces will lay
down their arms if the United States
marines withdraw from Nicaragua
and if the Nicaraguan elections are
supervised by body of Latin Ameri-
cans and not by United States army
officers, according to letter which
General SANDING has written a friend
here.
SANDING himself has no personal
ambitions whatever If his conditions
are complied with SANDING promises
to refrain from running as candi-
date for the presidency and never
again to take up arms except against
foreign invader.
MANAGUA, Feb 16. A large
detachment of United States marines
under the command of Major K. f.
Hockey is marching north of Mata-
galpa in pursuit Of General SANDING,
who has disappeared after visiting the
coffee region in the vicinity of the
Icity.
The general belief here is that
Hockey will encounter a great deal of
difficulty in his pursuit of SANDING,
since the Nicaraguan moves with
amazing rapidity and is well acquaint-
ed with the territory.
SANDING is believed to be in COM
mand of force of more than 500
well-armed and well-drilled men.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
British Bomb Natives i'm
Sudan; Murder Many

KHARTUM, Sudan, Feb. 16. - A
number of Nauer tribesmen and a
large number of their cattle were
killed by members of the British Royal
Air Force who bombarded the Shambe
district.
The natives are in revolt against
British rule.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
Carol Aide Arrested

BUCHAREST, Feb. 16.-General
Rakovica was arrested today as he
returne d from Paris. He was
charged with carrying manifesto
from former Crown Prince Carol, of
Roumania.
The officer will be tried for high
treason. Immediately after the ar
rest Of General Rakovica, the pea
SAINTS parry, strong supporters of
FRINGE Carol filed protes. against
it.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
JACKSON Received
CASH, TESTIMONY

INDIANAPOLIS, Feb. led. C.
Stephenson, Ku Klux Khan and repub-
lican Indiana leader yesterday testi-
fled in the bribery trial of Governor
Ed. Jackson. Stephenson told how he
had furnished the $4,000 cash which
Jackson is charged with having Of
fered former Governor Warren T.
McCray in order to bring about the
appointment of a klansnan friend as
prosecutor of Marion County. Robert
l. Marsh, former Khan counsel, and
George V. Coffin, republican chair
man of Marion County, were also ac-
cused by Stephenson.
Feared For His Life.
Stephenson refused to testify at
first, stating that he feared for his
life if he did SO.
ct is a matter of life and death
for me-" Stephenson said.
Stephenson was brought here for
the trial from the Indiana State
Prison, where he is serving a life
term for the murder of girl steno-
grapher. He was formerly close
political ally of Jackson. But as a
result Of failure on Jackson's part to
get him out of prison he has turned
against his former friend.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17

NEWARK, N. j., Feb. 16.-Marna
5. Poulson, state superintendent of
the Anti Saloon League of New Jer-
sey, was today found guilty by
jury Of issuing false statements to
newspapers and was fined $500.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
Is COAL FIRMS
IN Mine MERCER

WHEELING, w. Va, Feb. 16.---A
$200,000,000 consolidation Of coal
companies in the bituminous fields
of West Virginia is under way, with
final plans for the merger to be COM
pleted at conference next week.
The rs coal companies involved
mine $4,000, 900 tons of coal annually
and the new trust when formed will
have the largest capitalization Of any
coal combine in the country.
This latest combination in West
Virginia is being followed by similar
consultations thruout the country,
announcement having been made
yesterday of combines projected for
coal companies in the Ohio 8 field,
the Clarified district of Pennsyl-
vania and the Harlin field of Ken
lucky.
Morgantown Mines Involved.
The West Virginia merger will in
clude the following properties among
Others: The Purseglove Mining Com
pany of Morgantown; the Clark Coal
and Coke Company and the Delmar
Coal Company of Fairmont The
Hires interests of Morgantown are
also represented as well as the Bertha
Consumers Company and the Consoli-
dated Coal Company of New York
on the Committee working out plans
for the merger.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-02-17
$4,000 Swedish Sawmill
Workers Are LOckedOut

LONDON, by MaiD More than
$4,000 Swedish saw mill workers have
been locked out by employers who
are trying to lower wages.
The total number of workers now
affected by strikes or lock-outs in
Sweden is about $4,000.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12

tiers the national political campaign obvious
ly backed by clerical elements and when at
the same time a vertable Torquemadan CEN
sorshlp is proposed to stop any criticism Of
that candidates clerical affiliations, it begins
to look as though another means of hand
cutting the working class movement is being
sought.
There is nothing strange in the fact that
Postmaster General New of the Teapot
Dome cabinet undertakes to defend the can
didate of the rival big capitalist party as an
accompaniment to the move for further
Tsarist censorship of political propaganda
sent through the mails It only goes to show
that both the democratic and republican
parties, with Al Smith and Herbert Hoover,
represent the same financial oligarchy, and
that their contest for office is mainly con-
test of servants for employment by the one
master The only touch required to finish
the picture is for the Reverend Norman
Thomas, candidate for his own little capt.
talist party, to add his sanctimonious voice
to the howl against "scurrility." Surely he
will not lose the chance to defend "the opium
of the peoplel'
The only real scurrility is the lying propa-
ganda for capitalism, for the perpetuation of
the filthy, criminal system of enslavement
and exploitation, which all of the capitalist
parties are conducting every day in tens of
millions of copies of capitalist papers
Read the Daily Worker and learn to under
stand your own working class movement for
liberation, your own working class point of
view which the capitalist class wants every
excuse to suppress as "scurrilous."
And vote Communist
Join your class party and fight for liberia
ton from capitalism and all its "popes," both
of finance and of superstition.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
Protecting the Holy Al Smith.

The clerical angle of Al Smiths candidacy
for president may yet furnish the finance
capitalist government at Washington with
new approach to the problem Of suppresslng
political propaganda of which it does not ap-
prove The mailing of postcards said to con-
vey someone's opinion of Al Smith has re-
suited in a movement to bar from the mails
certain kinds of election propaganda that
may be classified by capitalist office holders
as "scurrilous." We haven't forgotten that
propaganda for the liberation of the working
class has already been officially declared to
be in the legal sense "scurrilous" and lob
scene" and on that ground workers have al
ready been jailed in several cases.
Postmaster General New says in connec-
ton with the postcards directed against
Smith:
"Scurrility should have part in any poll
teal campaign should religion
There are many reasons for opposing
candidate, but defamatory statements of this
kind should not be among them. In the strong
est way possible l wish to condemn such at
tacks Governor Smith any other candi-
date. and l shall do everything to prevent the
mails from being party to them"
We have said many times that Al Smiths
real pope is not in Rome, but in Wall Street.
The real menace of Al Smith comes from his
character as tool of American super-trusts
and banking combinations. The effective
ness of the pope and all other religious in
struments is preserved merely as they are
tools for the befuddlement of the masses by
the very sober heads of the oligarchy of
finance-capital from which even the pope has
fo borro11 r,1onav and ask faVorc
But when a candidate of Wall Street en-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12

movement, writes in the August is
sue of Cooperation" the official
organ of the League about political
issues. Instead of refraining from
politics" as he requires others in
in the cooperative movement to do,
he presents in the official coopera-
tive magazine his own personal
programs and theories"
And what does this apostle of
neutrality" propose to the Co.
operators? First he states that
"At present the matter stands about
thus: knaves, fools and patriots
vote for mammon; dreamers, philan-
thropists and reformers vote for
socialism; gentlemen, philosophers
and sages vote not at all" Then he,
however, admits that There is
probably no such thing as good gov
eminent, but there are governments
that are better than others" Thus
preparing ground for better"
government, he states this: "The
Democratic Party has no more use
for cooperation than the republi-
cans have. But Mr.. Smith, the
democratic candidate, introduces
something new. He is Catholic;
and the Catholic Church is honestly
and sincerely in favor of Coopera-
ton. Its leaders recommend CO.
operation to their people. 1t is the
only religious organization which
makes cooperation one of its prin-
ciples and is active in its promotion.
This is not theory; it is a fact"
To boost Mr.. Smith is "neu-
trality," to attack the Communists
is neutrality" but to explain that
the cooperative movement must be
a working class movement to fight
the battles of the workers and poor
farmers is Controversial and de-
visive."
This is the logic of those who
want to rob the cooperative move
ment of its working class nature
and who want to mislead the CO.
operators into the fold of capitalist
politics and capitalist political par
ties, and to prevent the working
class from building its own indie
pendent political party.
All progressive cooperators re-
CARELESS of their religious or polit-
ical views, should open their eyes
and understand the true meaning
of these neutrality" maneuvers.
The future of the American CO.
operative movement demands that
it must first of. all be genuine
working class movement. Under
centralized capitalism the coopera-
tive movement has no other alterna-
tive than to live and grow into a big
social movement for the purpose of
helping the exploited toilers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12

There is no other country at pres
ent which manifests such a marked
tendency for merging state appa-
ratuses and finance capital as the
United States of America.
There are special historic reasons
which explain the rapid and almost
complete merger of trusts and state
apparatus in America. 1t is not an
accident that the whole history of
Americas political and economic de-
velopment is responsible for the fact
that this merging process, this trus-
LITIGATION of the state apparatus,
goes on in America more rapidly
and thoroughly than in any other
country.
In the other capitalist countries
the centralized bureaucratic militar-
istic state apparatus of the bour-
geoisie developed prior to the period
of finance capital. Centralized bu-
reaucratic state apparatus in Amer
lea began to develop only in the
period of imperialism hand in hand
with the growth of finance capital
and trusts. Further, America never
had a system of feudalism as the
European countries. The class
struggle between the feudalists and
the city bourgeoisie which gave rise
to the bureaucratic centralized state
apnoro417e II, +bo boyJe &c A. ,o.o,,
archy never played any role in the
history of America.
AS late as in 1884 the number of
federal employees in America
amounted only to 1870. In 1912,
Immediately before the war, the fed
eral bureaucracy had already in
creased to 27S,000. Today, in 1928,
the federal bureaucracy numbers
559,13 The total number of gov
eminent employes-(federa state
and Locally is not less than three
million today. A list of the leading
men of the various branches of the
American government reads like a
list of the members of directors of
trusts, banks and corporations.
Now comrades, / want to refer to
the Right danger in the American
Party. The document officially sub
mitted to the Communist Interna-
tional and signed by some of the
American leading comrades, calls it.
self "The Right danger in the
American Party" Is there a Right
danger in America? 1t must be so
in such a powerful imperialist coun-
fry with such a powerful labor
aristocracy. Yes, there is right
danger and the American delegation
is justified in introducing an amend
ment to that section of the thesis
of Comrade Bukharin which deals
with America. Our amendment
reads:
at is necessary that the Ameri-
can Party C. E. G. should continue
and intensity its fight against Right
deviations."
ITO Be Continued.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
By GEORGE HALONEN.
(Continued.)

1t is not possible for a living,
? fighting movement to remain an out
slider in the social struggle. This
movement must consider and discuss
different economic and political
theories and determine its attitude
towards the big problems of the
working class.
The Congress Decision.
The Fifth cooperative congress
held in Minneapolis on November
4-6, 1926, unanimously decided that
"Whereas, the cooperative move
ment in it's nature is primarily a
working class movement against the
present system based on profit, and
"Whereas, a change in the pres
ent economic system of society can
be accomplished only thru the united
action of the whole working class,
therefore
''Be it resolved, that this Fifth
National Congress in convention as
senbled at Minneapolis, Mimi, Nov.
1855, 1926, declares the cooperative
movement to be part of the gen
eral labor movement, and that
therefore the cooperative movement
should seek the cooperation of all
workers and farmers movements
for the benefit of the exploited
toilers."
This official declaration of the
Cooperative League of the U. S. A.
very clearly states that the chang
ing of the present system of society
is such a big task that it requires
the united action of the whole work
ing class and that therefore the CO.
operative movement cannot be an
isolated movement but must seek
cooperation of all workers and
farmers for the benefit of the ex-
plotted toilers.
The resolution now put for a
referendum would prevent even dis
cussion of all vital problems the
solving of which would benefit the
exploited toilers. Thus this referen-
dunn is not only an attempt to null.
lily the unanimously adopted con-
gress decision, but also move tc
isolate the cooperative movement
from the labor movement.
The ultimate result of this would
mean that the cooperative move
ment become purely business
movement without any social mean.
ing.
Neutrality" Only Phrase.
The most ardent proponents OF
this neutrality" do not support
their theory in practise. They are
in politics, even in party politics
Instead Of remaining neutral" in
party politics, they attack in most
viaie<s way workers independent
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
American Cooperative Movement

political action, and especially one
party, the Workers Communist
Party of America.
The comment of J. H. Walker, a
member of the Board of Directors
of the Cooperative League, is a
very typical one. Here's his "neu-
trality":
Neutrality"
81 favor the resolution with one
qualification and that is: The
League should have the right to
discuss and act on political matters
to the extent of having the right
to eliminate from its membership
Communists and fascists. Regard
less of what their open declarations
are, by experience, l know that they
have for their purpose the destruc-
ton of every movement that means
betterment of the workers, except
the Communist or fascist move
ments, through which they expect
to usher in through revolution,
dictatorship, establish executives
whom they select the same powers
as the Car had during his regime.
81 don't think those gentlemen
should be permitted in the Coopera-
tive Movement or in the Trade
Union Movement, or in any other
organization of the workers that
has in mind, dealing with conditions
as they are, and through the es-
tablishment of the organization the
use of their economic and political
powers and influence, solving their
problems and making progress
peacefully. From experience, |
know that the matter of truth,
honesty or humanity has no place
in their program"
Red Batting"
Thus this Mr.. Walker wants to
eliminate" all "divisive and con-
troversial questions" by "Red bait
ing" stuff And he considers his
lying, misleading statement as an
tAdIlpie VI but IcuIl AMY pIOpOocu
in the referendum.
An attack upon Communists and
t h cir political and economic
theory" is not the only thing sup
posed to be within the scope of this
neutrality" but also attacks upon
the whole working class are part
of the neutrality" and everything
in behalf of the working class is
considered Controversial and de-
visive."
DIR. Warbasse, the president of
the Cooperative League, has in
many of his writings declared that:
"Most of the people in the world
are workers, therefore most of the
fools are workers. :" But Mr..
Walker has nothing to say against
this Economic theory"
DR.. Warbasse, who ardently ia
yors neutrality" in the cooperative
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
>M,rO,M&.%

Red Night in Williamsburg, with
open-air meetings to be held at the
Grand Street Extension and Have
meyer Street; Ellery Street and
Tompkins Ave-; and Graham Ave.
and Varst Street corners. After
these various Red meetings are con-
Guided, all the speakers who spread
the message of Communism will
have a final wind-up meeting at the
Grand Street Extension and Have
meyer Street.
The Williamsburg headquarters at
46 Ten Eyck Street will be open
every day during the week after
D. m. and after p. m. on Saturdays
for those who will participate in
the signature drive. Special en-
phasis will be laid on the distribu-
ton of the Daily Worker and other
Communist literature by the Red
Campaigners engaged in securing
signatures.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
Comrade Pepper Analyses Position of Labor
Movement in United States

cept the political leadership of the
Communist Party of America, but
at the same time they accept in a
growing degree the strike leader
ship of the Communists.
The problems of unemployment
are among the fundamental prob
leans of present-day America. Some
comrades criticized here Comrade
Bukharin that he did not pay enough
attention to unemployment. l think
it is an unjust criticism because
Comrade Bukharin analysed thor
oughly the new kind of unemploy-
ment, the permanent growth of the
industrial reserve army, the perpet-
ual Unemployment of hundreds of
thousands and even millions of work
ers.
Some other comrades think that
Comrade Bukharin's thesis on per
manent Unemployment, on the alb
solute decrease of the numbers of
the working class in America. must
lead TO "opportunism." l think this
is an unfounded and ridiculous
Charge Tens of millions of work
ers permanently disemployed out of
the process of production does
not mean harmonious DEVELOPMENT
but 1t means a revolutionary situa-
ton. 1t is ridiculous to forget that
those workers who are thrown out
from the process of production, even
II they do not produce, are still
proletarian elements and human be-
lngs who want to eat, who will re-
sist against starvation.
Sharper Struggle.
1t is clear that the increasing
sharpness of the class struggle and
the growing resistance of the work.
ers will not permit that capitalism
shall push out the bulk of the work
ing class from the process of pro-
duction. On the other hand, we
should note that capitalism is able
to regulate to certain degree this
process. In America there is a pro-
hlbition of immigration which means
that hundreds of thousands of for
elgn-born workers are excluded year
by year from America. Again there
is a possibility of emigration from
America to other younger capitalist
or half-capitalist countries. Again
there is possibility that the ten
dency to diminish the absolute num-
bers of the working class will again
come temporarily to an end.
Anyone who denies the existence
of this lew phenomenon is polemis-
ing not against Comrade Bukharin
but against the very facts. The
facts about America speak very
clear and eloquent language. In
1927 the factories produced 26 per
cent more than in 1919. During this
same period the number of wage
carriers employed in manufacturing
decreased by not less than 100000.
Eleven per cent fewer wage earners
than in 1919 produced in manufac-
turing in 1927 26 per cent more
products. In other words, each
worker produced 40 per cent more.
And the same tendency manifests
itself not only in the factories, but
in railroading, too. And this abso-
lutte decrease of the numbers of the
working class went hand in hand
with prosperity with rapidly in
creased production
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-09-12
Williamsburg Red
Week Will Begin
This Sa turd a y

Section 6 of the Workers (Com-
munist) Party will launch an in
tensified Red Week Election Cam
paign next Saturday, which will last
thruout next week and which is ex-
pected to result in sufficient num-
ber of signatures to put the candi-
dates of the Workers (Communist)
Party on the ballot in the 9th and
18th Assembly Districts of Brooklyn.
Saturday night, Sept. %, will be