davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
I FRENCH STAND
BY PACT
By international News Service

PARIS, Jan. 9.--Frencsa foreign
office attaches expressed belief to-
day that ''the United States viii
eventually realize that the reserva-
ton proposed By Foreign Minister
BRAND for an anti-war treaty is
necessary if the proposed pact is
ever to be anything more than a
hollow demonstration
fThe proposed French reservation
would limit any pact to outlawing
only wars Of aggression.l
French foreign office officials adj
mitted that Foreign Minister
Brands reservation 'probabl SUR
priseds Secretary Of State kellogg.
They pointed out, however, that
Frances interests are different from
those of the United States owing to
Frances close relations with sew
eral nations
While awaiting Secretary KEEL
logg's reply to M Brands COM
munication the press is reducing its
comment TO a minimum. possibly
under orders from the government.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Opposes lexington
Site for Farm Market

That most Of the farmers who
will use the proposed farmers mar
ket come from south Of Washing
ton is the contention Of Salvatore
Scalco, president of the National
Fruit Company, who last night
severely .iticized the bin introduced
by Representative Stephen Gambrill
of Maryland to locate 1t at Ecking-
ton.
OF 1877 farmers bringing their pro-
duce to Washington. Scalco pointed
out. "a come from sections south of
Washington. The others. he averred,
come into Washington from north
ern and eastern Maryland, A com
ing by way of the Anacostia Bridge
IS by the Pennsylvania Avenue
southeast bridge, Is across the Key
bridge, and IL over the Highway
bridge.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Health Regulations
In County Proposed

Sanitary regulations for Mont
gomery countys amusement parks,
dance halls, theaters, motion picture
houses and swimming pools were
recommended in the report of DR..
William r. Pratt, county health
officer, to the board of commits
sioners.
DR.. Pratt charged that unsa nj
tary conditions prevail in several
such places within the county.
With his report he enclosed list
of suggestions for safeguarding the
public health.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Clara Barton HOnOred
BY Prominent Speakers

Clara Barton. pioneer war nurse
and one of the founders of the
American National Red Cross, was
signally honored with special serv-
ices yesterday afternoon in the
auditorium of the United States
Chamber of Commerce.
EuIogies were delivered on her
life and work by Senator Porter
H. Dale of Vermont, former Sen
ator Rice w. Means of Colorado,
Representative Henry r. Rathbone
Of Illinois, Mai. Gen. John IL. Glenn.
u. s. A., retired, the drummer
boy of Chickamauga.' and the
Rev. George +. Dudley. chaplain
OF the District OF Columbia Com
mandery, Military Order of the
Loyal Legion.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
DRY GROUPS To
|. MEET JAN. Is

Practically every dry organiza-
ton of Importance in this country
will be represented at a conferences
to be held at the Mayflower Hotel,
January IS. for the purpose Of
petiticning political parties to in
clude in their platforms definite
declaration for enforcement of the
Eighteenth Amendments and all
supporting legislation, and to nomi-
nate candidates thoroughly commit
ted to this policy by their UTTER
ances, acts and records. \
A call is being sent from head
quarters at the hotel, inviting all
interested organizations to send
representatives The program in
cludes a morning and afternoon
session, luncheon and dinner. !
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
MARINES NJ 4 Y
At TACK SOON
d Intsrnattonal News servlee

MANAGUA, Jan A.. Although
General Sandino's rebels. eT1trenched
in the FL Chipcte area. are reported
to have bee. receiving new recruits
during the past week, the situation
is still quiet, with the marines and
Nicaraguar constabulary better pre-
pared to give battle because of their
Cwn reinforcements.
In the hinterIand there has been
some enthusiasm among SANDING
supporters, owing to the battle q
week ago. it is reported, and this
has resulted In additional men join
ing the generals forces.
There are Indications that the
marines are not planning to attack
SANDING until they may be certain
OF victory without large losses It
Is even reported that some new ef
forts may be made at making peace
with SANDING.
Sandino's snipers are still active.
hut their efforts are proving more
or less ineffective.
RIO JANETRO, Brazil, Jan. -
The Brazilian delegation to the Pan
American congress at Havana will
not raise the issue OF American
intervention in Nicaragua but will
adhere strictly to the agenda Of the
meeting. 1t was learned from an
authoritative source today.
Despite the decision Of the
Brazilians to put forward no ques-
tons beyond those included in the
official program and despite the
presence OF President Coolidge at
Panama, it is accepted as q fore
gone conclusion that the question
of american intervention in Mic
aragua will be brought forward be-
fore the meeting has proceeded far.
The Mexican. delegation may take
the lead in advocating censure for
the United States, for criticism Of
the United States policy has already
come from Mexico City.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Transit Heads to Speak
To Manor Park Group

The Manor Park Citizens Associa-
ION tonight will hold special
Transportation Night meeting At
the Whittier School. Fifth and
sheridan Streets Northwest. to con.
slider improvement of transporta.
ton facilities to and from Manor
Park.
j.. H. Hanna. president Of the
Capital Traction Company. and E..
d. Merrill. president Of the Wash
lngton Rapid Transit Company,
have accepted invitations to adj
dress the meeting on what they
propose to do to improve the
nffuation.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09

while leading i marine patrol
against the sandino forces. BY the
Rev. j. ID. Dougherty pastor Of the
church.
ST win face any man. he sid,
sand defy him TO say that the
marines are in Nicaragua Tor any
purpose other than To defend the
cause N liberty ana ~ uphold the
standards ~ our civilization II Il
no campaign at aggression that We
are Wagine
sOur marines are suffering and
DIVING there IN q cause al just and
as holy AZ any Tor which our fore
fathers Tough and died
Mrs. Thomas g. Bruce, widow of
the slain marine sergeant. has been
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Democratic Women
Omen Convention Here

with delegates from nearly every
state in the Union here. the Ma
tional Woman's Democratic Law
Enforcement League. backing only
dry" candidates for the Presi-
dency, will hold their first annual
convention today and tomorrow at
the Mayflower Hotel
In calling the convention, Mrs.
Jesse w. Nicholson, Chevy Chase,
Md. served notice that 1.-The party
that makes a wet stand in 1928
is doomed to disruption
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
EX- NJ A H ARA IA
TO MARRY
By international News Service

BOMBAY, India. Jan. s.-The
former Maharaja Of Indpre has ar
rived in Bombay secretly and Is
preparing to marry and American
girl named Miss Miller It was
learned today.
Miss Miller Is understood to
be in Bombay and is preparing to
become a convert in accordance
with the wishes Of her fiance.
The American consul in Bombay
is said to have tried vainly to
prevent Miss Miller from under
taking the marriage.
The former maharajah met the
girl in the United States, where he
travelled after his abdfcation. He
il now making a pilgrimage to a
native shrine, but Ii expected to
return TO Indore soon for the mar
rage, which viii be performed with
ancient vedic rites.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Reorganization on Tax
Collections Is Urged

The National Civil Service Re.
form League, in a letter sent to
President Coolidge last night, urged
that the President use his influence
in securing adoption of reorgani.
zation plan for Federal tax col.
lection service, as recommended by
the joint COMMITTEES on internal
revenue taxation, as part Of the
1928 revenue bill in Congress.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Defends WAR
IN NICARAGUA

American Intervention In Nicara.
qua was defended yesterday at SER
vices in the United Brethren Church
for First sergt. Thomas q Brnce.
Of il Rhode island Avenue NJ ". !.
who was killed New Year Day
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
REPORT FAVORABI E

ton of johnson =. Hayes as Federal
Judge for the middle district of
North Carolina was being prepared
today by a Senate judiciary sub
committee whsch investigated an at
tack on his legal integrity.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
Copeland Is Cheered
By Pullman Porters

Senator Royal S. Copeland, Of
New York. believes the Pullman
porters should unionize. He was
wildly applauded yesterday at a
mass meeting Of the Brotherhood
of Sleeping Car Porters, held at the
John Wesley Church, when he told
them so.
Sylvester Il. McLaurin, president
of the District Colored Bar Associa
ton, presided.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09

given the Naval Cross, awarded
posthumousiy to Sergeant Bruce, by
Major Cen. John II. LeJMene, Conn
Tiandant of the Marine Corps. Bruce
has also been recommended for .
commission.
He fought ii five major battles
In France during the World War
ana received decorations bestowed
NV the governments BIZ England
France Belgium. Nicaragua, and
this country.
The Washington times., 1928-01-09
CREDIT MEN TO MEET

Representative Dyer of Missouri
will be the principal speaker of the
evening at the New Year dinner Of
the Associated Credi Men at the
The Washington times., 1928-01-09

railroad foreman In Pennsyl
va1ia has added moving machines
cufffrig mechanism to 3 push car to
clean the railroads right Of way o.
weeds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11
AIR SERVICE OPEN
TO NAVY RECRUITS
Department to Inaugurate New
Policy in Procuring Candidates
for Training in Aviation.

AS a result of failure of the enlisted
personnel of the Navy to furnish suf-
ficient candidates for training as avta-
ton pilots to comply with the law re-
curing that 80 per cent of the Navy
aviation pilots shall be enlisted men,
the Navy Department about January
/ will ainaugurate new policy which
will permit all recruits to train for
aviation service.
Records of the Bureau of Navigation
show that of all the volunteers in the
fleet for training at the Pensacola
Naval Air Station only about 10 per
cent actually appear for examination
and of this number only one in ten
completes the course and earns his
wings. ..f.
The chief reasons for failure of the
volunteers to appear for training Is
that their applications are withheld by
commanding officers who feel their
services with the fleet cannot be spread
or that the requirements OF the physi-
ca examinations are too strict, the bu-
reau holds
To develop a large number of en-
listed flyers the Navy Department has
ordered that at all training stations
under a quota system and by competi-
ton, volunteers for aviation duty shall
be selected to go to San Diego OIL
Hampton Roads for an elimination
course. Those showing particular ap'
titude will be sent to the feet for q
year for general Navy training and Their
will go to the Pensacola Naval Air Sta
ton for aviation training.
The Bureau of Navigation also ha:
called upon all commanding officers Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

be in a position free from local fogs,
which at present are an insuperable bar
rier to safe landing and also free from
wind eddies or strong cross-currents OF
air caused by the contour of the ada
cent land. OF course, ideal conditions
cannot always be obtained, and every
airport presents an individual problem,
but experienced airport engineers can
reduce the Objectionable factors to a
minimum.
How to Reduce Dust.
Airports should be as large as prac-
ticable, with very little slope. The
surface should be firm and free from
bitches or ruts. A we'll drained. sodded
field Is, of course, best, but in many
parts of the country it is not possible
to keep the fields covered with sod be-
cause of the soil and climate. This re-
suits in their getting plowed up and
rutted or overlaid with dust; dirt gets
into the motors and planes. This Is
particularly the case in the Far West.
When planes land,eat some fields there
ali fabrication is removed from their
aileron or tail control wires and fittings,
as the wear is less than when parts are
gummed up with mixture of grease
and grit.
Concrete aprons around the edge of
the field, on which most of the
taxing can be done, and concerted or
other artificially hardened runways
will reduce this trouble considerably.
On several large airports concrete
aprons have been built along the side
and the planes are warmed up there
before being TAXED into position for
the take-off. This problem of dust
must be met in some way, for it is hard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11
ARMY FLYER VIEWS. SCOPE. NJ. II
AND PROBLEMS OF BOMBING
Destruction of Submarine Bases Looms as
Vital TasEf0r Ar Squaadrons IN
Future Conflicts.

The author Of this article on the
DEVELOPMENT OF aerial bombardment is
chief of the armament branch of the
Army Air Corps experimental station at
Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. Lieut..
Zettel served with the Air Corps over
seas from July, 1918, to August, 1919,-
and since the war has seen extensive.
service with the military flying service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

on motors and planes and extremely
unpleasant for passengers.
On some of the transcontinental
routes landing fields are at high
altitude, and they present an entirely
different problem. They must be
larger than fields at sea level, so that
planes will have sufficient room for the
long run necessary to take off with a
load in thin air A much larger field
is required to take plane off safely
at 5000 or 1000 feet than at sea level.
Obstacles Along Borders.
One of the most important consid-
erations in the selection of landing
field concerns obstacles near the edge
of the field. AS the gliding angle of a
plane in coming in to land is often
about 7 to l, it can be seen that any
obstacle on the edge of the field re-
duces the available size by several
times the height of the obstruction.
For instance, row of trees or tele-
graph poles so feet high would cut the
size of the field on that side by several
SKINNED over them. And in taking
off, particularly with heavy load, the
same condition holds true.
The markings of fields are technical
matters regulated by the Department of
Commerce and are uniform all over the
country. But there is kind of mark
ing which can be done in any COM
munity to aid flyers, and which should
be done. AS Will Rogers has said, a
few pals of paint and paint brush
are enough to label any town unmis-
takably, so that those flying over it will
be able to identify the town and from
a painted arrow also obtain information
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11
|D|R|G|BLE PLANE
CARRIER SOUGHT
Navy to Conduct Further
Tests in Launching and
Landing AeroS in Air.

Great airplane carriers in the air may
result from tests to be conducted soon
with the Navy dirigible Los Angeles
at the Naval Air Station, Lakehurst.
N. J. The tests will determine the best
methods of launching speedy scout
planes from the dirigible in flight and
of reattaching the planes to their
aerial mother ship" while in the air.
The latter problem virtually was
solved some months ago when !lgnt
Navy scouting plane was launched from
the Los Angeles. The plane was at.
tached to the dirigible on the ground
by special hooks, operated by a release
lever in the airplane. The airplane pilot
took his place in the plane before the
dirigible left the ground.
AS the dirigible gained flying alti-
tude. and drove forward at its maxi
mum speed Of more than go miles an
hour; the wind pressure turned over
the airplane propeller, cranking the
motor and making it easy for the pilot
to start his motor and warm 1t up. He
then pulled the release lever and
dropped away from the dirigible IN tuli
flight.
Reattaching Proves Difficult.
The problem of reattaching the
plane to the dirigible, however, mas
presented many difficulties. One OF
the naval pilots at LakehurSt showed
that it was not difficult to maneuver
his plane into position under the Los
Angeles while in motion, but the mat
ter of devising a type of graphing nook
or other continuance to attach the
plane and draw it up into place puz-
zIed the officers.
For the coming experiments loop
has been attached to the plane by
which it may be suspended and a
landing hook is to be attached under
the airship. The design of this hook
is the weightiest problem confronting
the engineers, as 1t must be so ar
ranged that the shock of an imperfect
landing" will not tear out the airshlp
Orders or strain the big framework.
AS soon as the engineers are rea-
sonably certain that a type OF mount.
ing for the hook has been devised
which will not imperil the dirigible,
the test will be made.
Experiments to Continue.
The experimental work will continus
until an accurate, simple and reliable
method has been devised and proved
under service conditions. The Nays
two giant military dirigibles. for which
contracts have been awarded to the
Goodyear Zeppelin Co., are to be
equipped as flying airplane carriers and
each is to carry four light planes. to
be used in reconnaissance work or to
fight off airplane attacks on the big
and comparatively slow moving air
ships.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

as to the direction in which lies the
nearest landing field.
I have noticed in flying over the
country that many buildings advertise
their company by painting its name
on the roof, but they do not all go so
far as to volunteer a little more in
formation. The name of bank does
not mean anything to a pilot If the
city in which that bank is situated Is
not also indicated. This seems rather
selfish form of advertising, and unless
it is coupled with something which will
be of aid to aviation it will probably
be regulated in time by legislation.
Mishaps on Obsolete Fields.
One other condition needs regulat-
ing. Recently two or three planes
cracked up out West on field that
air maps indicated was still in use.
The field had been moved and as there
was no indication by arrow or other
device warning pilots that the landing
field was in another direction, they
came down and hit an elevated road
that did not show from the air. When
landing fields or airportS are changed
they should be carefully marked to
prevent such accidents.
Although there Is no airport in this
country yet which compares with the
new Croydon or Tempelhofer, the rapid
growth Of air transportation will prob
ably result in the next few years in the
establishment of some of the best fields
in the world. In this, as in other
aspects Of flying, America is just begin
ming, but its progress will be rapid.
Copyright. 1928. by the New York Times Co..
An article by Col Liudbergh on the pres
ent and future of aviation will appear each
week. exclusively in Washington, in The
Sunday Star
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11
FRENCH ATTACHE MAKES
CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT
Maj. Georges Thenault Completes
Trip to Edgewood Arsenal.
Strikes High Wind.

Mai Georges Thenault, assistant
military attache for aeronautics of the
French embassy, completed his first
official cross-country flight in his new
French army training plane during
the week, when he visited Edgewood
Arsenal, Md
Maj. Thenault made the flight to the
Maryland post Tuesday. On his re-
turn flight he encountered heavy head
winds which delayed him considerably.
The wind at intervals between Balti-
more and this city reached a velocity
which he estimated at rs miles an
hour, and the flight, which normally
would take less than half hour, re-
CURED more than an hour OF, continu-
Gus struggle, he said.
The flight was the first cross-coun-
try trip the French air attache has
made since his plane was delivered
here. The plane causes considerable
comment among aviators wherever it
goes, being of a type new to most
American flyers 1t Is a monoplane,
with a king-post rising above the cen
ter section and guy wires extending to
the wing like the ribs of parasol.
Mai. Thenault said that the ship han
died remarkably well in the heavy
winds, however, and is very pleasant
to fiy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11
DEFERRED PAYMENT PLAN
is APPLIED TO PLANES
Private Buyers to Be Helped tc
Acquire Machines and Keep
Them in Good Trim.

b 3t@+ sla.*>]
So great is becoming the demand
for airplanes for private use IN this
country that Midwest alrplane manu-
facturer is now completing arrange
ments for a deferred payment sales
system for his product. He left wash
ington yesterday after completing ar
rangements for establishment of a
sales agency in this part OF the country.
& This manufacturer VII sell planes
for a one third cash payment, the re-
.f1ainder. plus insurance. to be paid IN
70 monthly installments. The finance
Charges for this service will be less
than 10 per cent, 1t is expected. AT
the end of a year the manufacturer
offers to completely recondition the
plane, charging the customer only so
per cent of the actual cost OF the
work
The overhauling is to be most thor
ough. Every inch of fabric will. be
taken off the wings and tail assembly
and every stick, joint and wire minute
ly examined and necessary replace
ments made. The wings, rudder, ele-
jigs and trued up before new fabric Is
put on, doped and painted. Any i'm
provements which have been made by
the manufacturer during the year will
be incorporated in the plane during
the overhauling. The motor will be
completely torn down and worn parts
replaced. The plane, when completed
it is claimed, will have all the features
of the latest models and will be vir-
tually new machine.
This manufacturer now is turning
out three planes a week at his plant
and expects to materially increase his
output when the. Spring flying season
"opens. His plant has a potential pro-
ducing capacity of 10 planes a week,
he said during his visit here.