davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-05-13

To the exploitation Of thou
sands for the sslfish satisfaction
OF one.
erbert Spencer describes
cheops 40 a King who kept q
hundred thousand men at work
for 20 years building his tomb.
IL we may beisVe the account Of
Herodotus, and who, whether
these figures are or are not cor.
rect, must have imposed forced
labor on enormous numbers OF
men for periods during which
tens OF thousands had TO bea,
great pains, and thousands upon
thousands died OF their suffer.
inas."
The Woeiworth Tower 10 an
outstanding monument OF the
modern world. A monument TO
what?
To the fact that millions OF
men and women are now able to
satisfy wants for cents or 10
cents which THAR ancestors could
not satisfy at any price,
would like to put twin pho.
touraphs OF Mr.. Cheops' pyramid
and Mr.. WoolWorth'a tower sde
by sds In every office, factory
and bank. Under them | would
writsI
"A hundred thousand men by
their toll and tears erected this
ancient nileI millions OF men
and women reared this other
tower in the happy process Of
satisfying their wants At . mini.
mum price,
"lt 10 q tower ot hope~~7o? fest
ot solid optimiam.
"Look al these pictures when
the front PAGE news happens to
be discouraoInu. Leak on them
and don't forget that slowly.
steadily, all the tins, life on this
planet 10 growing hetter for tha
great majority et mankind
lDaa,l
Evening star., 1928-05-13
II. s. CRABS AFCHANISTAN
CONCESSION FROM POWERS
While European Monarchs Fete King
New York Lawyer Has Signed Con.
tract i'm His Pocket.

ing oil, coal, copper and iron. Prac-
tically none Of these natural resources
has been developed. For the most
part the inhabitants of Afghanistan do
not even know of the existence of this
subterranean wealth. They do not, for
example. even understand the use Of
coal. We purpose exploiting all of
these resources and selling the output
in the Oriental markets Our con-
cession permits us to build railroads
We shall probably only do that in con-
nection with necessary development of
our industrial plans"
Mr.. Strachan purposes proceeding
presently to Kabul. King Amanullah's
mountain-fastness capital. and arrange
for the arrival of a party of American
geologists, mineralogisss and engineers.
who are TO survey the country. The
New York promoter is of opinion that
King Amanullah decided TO hand over
the concession to nationals Of the
United States as the most expeditions
manner of avoiding ENGAGEMENTS with
Europe-especially as between Great
Britain and Russia. which are ira
ditional rivals for power In Afghanistan
Afghanistan is sparsely settled
country of 245,000 square miles area
It has been bone Of contention be-
tween the British and the Russians for
more than so years because Of its
politico-strategic importance in the
heart of Asia. 1t is the classic buffer
state" of that vast continent.
Throughout mid Victorian times.
when Britain's preniers and foreign
ministers were giants of the Melbourne
Palmerston. Disraeli. Gladstone and
Salisbury types. Afghanistan chronically
threatened to become a casus beli be-
tween the Russian bear and the British
lion. 1t is bounded on the north by
Russian Transcaspia and Bokhara and
on the south by British Indian
Baluchistan.
Just how, If at all. American Govern
ment protection could or would be ex-
tended to important American vested
interests in Afghanistan such as are
contemplated by the Stractan con-
cession, is not clear. The United States
has no diplomatic or consular officer
anywhere in the Kings realm. If the
State Department should have diplo-
matte business with Afghanistan II
would have to deal either through some
capital where the King has legation
or through the next nearest American
consular Office in India. Afghanistan
has enjoyed full sovereignty since 1919
Perhaps Amanullah will be sending ar
Afghan Minister to Washington SOM
day.
Copyright. 192s.)
Evening star., 1928-05-13

Another resolution demanded that the
government be at once turned over
to the Peasant party. These resolutions
we're read to the crowd. who raised the
right hand as the following oath was
read:
we swear to the great and good God
to fight a righteous fight against the
government. which is plague 10 the
country. and which was established by
a decree wrung from King Ferdinand
on his death bed. We swear that a
new Rumania shall be created. which
shall stand for freedom and justice TO
all Of Rumania's brave sons"
The demonstrants quietly dispersed
for their homes. except 5000. who pro-
ceeded on foot for Bucharest. the capi-
tai, 10 submit their demands directly
TO the government: In perfect order
preceded and followed by detachmcnts
OF government cavalry.
Vintila Bratianu comments that the
proceedings at Alba Julia land similar
ones on a smaller scale in other places
the same day. ARE hardly of the i'm
portance attributed TO them by certain
foreign circles bearing Rumania little
good will" However, one cannot but
consider them Of considerable impor-
tance.
Said MANU- TO an Associated Press
representative: If all peaceful means
TO dislodge the government fail, we
shall be forced to adopt active resist
ance toward the government. There is
at present no intention OF disturbing
either the dynasty or the regency. but
our patience with the latter cannot en-
dure forever. They must give consid-
Grafton to the legitimate aspirations OF
our people"
Has MANU- In mind. as many think,
the return OF Carol and his ascent of
the throne?
The regents have notified Manu- that
| they will not ask the resignation Of the
| Bratianu government.
Turkey.~~Report arrives that the Ma
| tional Assembly of Turkey has enacted
Evening star., 1928-05-13
The Story the Week Has Told

an amendment TO the Turkish consti-
tuition eliminating therefrom all refer
ence to Islam as the state religion.
Turkey thus takes the consummating
step in separation of church and state,
going further than we have gone. In
future the Turkish deputy will not
swear loyalty to the constitution in the
name of Allah He will swear on his
own honor.
There will In future be no religious
teaching In schools supported by the
Turkish state.
There is talk of bridging the Bos-
porus.
The world do move.
##%
China.--The fighting In Tsinan be-
tween the Japanese garrison OF 5000
and the Chinese Nationalist forces
newly In occupation Of the city, out
numbering the Japanese several times
over. which began on the morning OF
May 3. ceased on the evening oil May
5. Reports from Japanese sources give
the Japanese military casualties as Is
killed and 20 wounded and the ascer-
tained total of Japanese civilian casual
ties as 80, with the probability OF very
much higher actual total.
communicate issued by the Ma
tionalist chief. Chang Kai Shek. gives
the total of Chinese casualties as
though not precisely ascertained. Ger
tainIy above thousand. and charges
the origin OF the fighting to japanese
atrocities. so atrocious as scarcely to be
credible.
Supposing the charge to be true. the
Nationalists are paying the penalty Tor
reckless use OF propaganda, for the
world outside China doesn't believe It.
But. as mankind always believes what
thev wish TO believe, all Nationalist
China believes 1t and has been aroused
to an answering pitch of anti-Japancse
feeling.
AS I observed. fighting In Tsinan
ceased on the evening Of May 5. That
same day Japanese brigade arrived
at Tsingtao from Dairen and the next
Evening star., 1928-05-13

With a change Of climate the rivers
flowed more swiftly and cut narrow
gorges, making the surface of China
more rugged. AS the soil was worn
away gentle upheavals in the earth's
crust pushed the surface Of Mongolia
up, and cold dry winds blew over these
high attitudes, picking up the dust and
sweeping 1t along in immense quantities
The blanket of dust in some regions be-
came as deep as 500 feet, and forms the
famous loeSs of China.
In the limestone caves of China have
been found stone axes and arrows be-
longing to the prehistoric men, and
with the weapons are the bones OF
mammoths, deer, rhinoceroses and other
animals and the broken eggshells Of
ostriches The teeth found near Pekins
and considered as possibly belonging to
! the Oldest human inhabitants Of China
were from one of these ancient caye
shelters.
A communication from China, Just
received by Prof Barbour, states that
new specimens of human fossil teeth
have been found and are designated as
belonging to the Neanderthal period
which, In Europe, was about $4,000
years ago.
Evening star., 1928-05-13
BENVUEN1O CELLINI AND THE
END OF THE RENAISSANCE.
I. The Cultural Revolution.

<NE ODERN times" which be-
80 NH gin so variously In different
NV fields. date above all from
the year l456, when Gu
tcnberg and other Germans
began to print from movable types.
The Middle Ages had not remained
stagnant in the matter OF making
books. il had transmitted the ancient
methods OF copying works by hand. but
1t had added to these the art OF the
Illuminated manuscript" with care
fully sculpt,red letters. coored initials
of Gothically intricate design. and
bindings of firm material bound with
clasps of precious metal The passage
from these beautiful and personal prod
ucts to the mechanically made BOOK
of the fifteenth century was smybollcal
of the transition from feudal ariStoracy
to a commercial, industrial and demo-
cratic regime: quantity involved some
sacrifice of quality. but made 1t possible
to rest civilization on broader basis oil
literacy and knowledge than had ever
been known before. Without printing.
universal suffrage would have been
ridiculous and impossible; now at least
it is possible.
New Market Is Opened.
Manuscripts had sufflced when only
a few had had leisure to read, but the
rise of prosperous middle class opened
new market for the writer's wares
and provided the demand that mothers
most inventions, Manuscripts were ex-
pensive; the simplest OF them cost the
modern equivalent of several hunderd
dollars, and the ma ajority of them cost
more. Parchment was so dlfficult TO
obtain that ancient classics were
washed away to make room for ecclesi-
aStical exhortationS. Perhaps the real
invention was the discovery of new and
economical methods of making paper.
Type had been used frequently during
the Middle Ages, as reversed letters
carved on metal or wood for the sigma
lures of prelates or kings; 1t was short
step from this to the carving OF In
dividual letters, and If the step was
delayed, 1t was because no low-priced
material had been found for printing
books in such quantity as would repay
the cost of making type. The Chinese
had made paper from silk in the sec
ond century before Christ: the Arabs
learned the art from the Chinese at
Samarkand in the eighth century: the
Moors of CASTLE adapted this knowledge
TO the making of paper from hemp and
fax. and In the thirteenth century
these methods spread slowly from Spain
through Europe.
When the new mode Of making books
appeared the copyists protested and
rebelled, as the weavers OF Lancashire
were to rebel against textile machines
Evening star., 1928-05-13
The Story of Civilization ", .s: .: :@;$ $;:.,
BY WILL DURANT, Ph. D.,

ligious theme, Jerusalem Delivered" !"
for his gently flowing epic Of the first
crusade; but whereas Dante had hes
itated between Latin and Italian, Tasso
never doubted. and wove his delicate
stanzas and passionately lyric episodes
of love and war out of the new-discov-
cred wealth of his own incompatible
tongue. And Ariosto, though he
amused himself occasionally by COM
posing Latin verses. chose the Italian
language, and a very secular subject,
for his jolly epic of "Orlando Furioso, .
perhaps the greatest of the chivalric
romances whose reign was to end with
Cervantes. Only In Spain and GeE-
many, the two poles of the religious
war of the sixteenth century, did re-
ligion keep its hold on literature In
France. Rabelais and Montaigne wrote
profane French for secuarized Geuls.
in England Bacon remade philosophy
and Shakespeare remade drama. with
out a by-your-leave to the church.
Worship lesscned, control grew the
world came into It's own, and modern
history began.
The process of secularization showed
best of all in music and drama. The
history OF music must wait for later
chapter. but one note is relevant here. :.
That whereas music in the Middle Ages
had been almost entirely ecclesiastical,
except in the songs of the people and
the troubadours. now opera arose and
developed rapidly: In Venice alone be-
tween 1887 and 1880 $50 different
operas were performed and it was in
the later years Of the Renaissance that
Stradivarius and the Guarneri gave the
violin its modern form.
Evolution Of the Drama.
In the meantime drama had been
experiencing an evolution remarkably
similar to that which it had undergone
In Greece. Slowly. from religious pro-
cessions and representations, secular
plays had grown, like branches from a
trunk. The church had atoned for the
incomprehensible Latin which it used
by making the mass splendid drama
of uffaring and sacrifice: it had
adorned the altar like a stage. and the
priest and acolytes like actors, and
even the semi-darkness of the churches
had had a dramatic value and intent
On Corpus Christi day, and on other
feasts. great professions lent life and
color to the streets. and made the
greatest Of historic tragedies vivid for
the simplest mind. And in the Christ
mas season peasants dressed as shep-
as angels acted the Alteration of the
Magi
The first step was the passing of
these religious representations from
within to outside the church building.
In the tenth century the nun Hrosvitha
composed some dramatic narratives of
religious subjects; but there is no evi-
dence that these potential dramas were
ever performed. The earliest known
play given outside a church in Christian
Europe is The Representation of
Adam. produced on the steps of
Evening star., 1928-05-13
Study of Prehistoric Chinese Eras
Revived by More Fossil Discoveries

The discovery of further traces Of
prehistoric men in China and the re-
cent finding of teeth, which belonged TO
ancient human beings like the Neander-
thai men of Europe, has attracted geolo-
gists to intensive study Of the prehis-
toric Chinese scene.
The evolution Of the land surface on
which early man dwelt in North China
has been studied by Prof. George Bar
bour OF Yenching University, Peking,
and reported to the New York Academy
Of Sciences.
In the era before man appeared the
land had been worn down almost level
and the rivers flowed smoothly over fiat
country, Prof Barbour's survey showed.
Then this fiat land was suddenly
broken up by the same disturbance that
pushed up the Alps, the Rockies and
the Hinalayas. The rivers had barely
succeeded in opening out the valleys
when slight buckling of the surface
d d-mned the stream back into lakes
About this time" said Prof. Barbour,
I'VE find the first traces Of primitive
man. or some close relative of his living
In limestone cave overlooking the
Peking plain"
Evening star., 1928-05-13

of the decay of the Renaissance. 1t
made possible the printing of the Bible
on large scale. so spreading among
the people. particularly Of Germany a
knowledge Of primitive Christianity and
the real doctrine of Christ and offer
ing moral and theological basis for
the Reformation. II increased the num-
ber of readers, and therefore of writ
ers: 1t enabled writer's to derive susie
nance from the middle classes as well
SIS from the aristocracy: and. therefore,
In slow and subtle way. 1t changed
the content the spirit and even the
style of literature from the pagan clas-
sicism of the aristocracy to the moral
ism and romanticism of the bourgeoisie
II prepared for the Reformation, the
Enlightenment and the French revo-
luton.
Secularization Is Result.
It's chief result was the secularization
of literature and thought. Control of
letters passed out of the hands of tho
church, and sacred subjects ceased t.
be the essential stock-in-hand of writ
ers Once only the clergy had written
books. once only the clergy had been
able to read; now all this was changed.
and knowledge lost its theological and
ecclesiastical color The middle class.
who could now buy books, but could not
read Latin. demanded books In the
vernacular, and the result was the stim-
ulation OF national literatures. Tor
1uato Tasso. the greatest poet of the
Italian Renaissance. chose a semi-re-
Evening star., 1928-05-13
Theater May Soon Rise
On Noted Park Lane

PARK lane. Engiand's most famous
residential street, VIII soon have a
theatsF and an opera house. IL IL pro-
posed thst Dorchester House, mansion
~ the Earl Of Morley. should be
acquired 81 q center Of imperial and
international arts and sciences. and
that the thester should be erected
where the stables now are, The house
would be left untouched, The price
asked IL $1,000 900 and Lady Beecham,
wife 0f the famous English orchestra
conductor, Is trying 10 obtain The neees9
safy sim from English art lovers. The
ides is 10 make II into a Shakespeare
memorial In London The new thestfF
will have d seating capacity of $500
Dorchester House viii serve only as n
restaurant end exhibition hall for paint
ers and selilptqrs whose work ig not
received st The annual show Of the
Royal Academy.
Evening star., 1928-05-13
Mr.. Cheops' Pyramid and
Mr.. WOOlworth's Tower
BY BRUCE BARTON.

TN Egypt Mr.. Cheops built q
pyramid; in Manhattan. ssv'
erai years later, Mr.. Wool"
worth built a tower.
And | sometimes think It's too
bad wo can't see the top OF the
great pyramid from the top OF
the WooIworth Tower. We
should all be much more opt''
nistie If we could.
For We are inclined to meas
ure progress with too short
measuring robin terms ot
hours and DAYS instead OF gem
eratlons and centuries. This, !
take il, is the ehisf difference
between the optimlst and the
pessin1ist.
The optimist sees farther be-
hind and 90 can look farther
ahead.
The peaainnist notes the mum
her OF our immediate problems
and throws up his hands. The
optln1tat says TO be sure put
think Of the progress we're max
ing. Only 60 years ago human
slavery was still a legal instltu'
ton In the United statss."
The pe&sintst fears that Eu'
rope will never recover. The op
timist remembers that in the
past hundred years the world
has been transformed from an
illitsrats into Iitsrate world.
Reading and writing we're the
exclusive accomplishments Of the
rich only a century ago. N
Eurepe pulled through lts trial
in the iiIiterata days. sursly
there 10 hope IN the present
crisis, when 90 many millions
can read and write and do littis
hslpfui thinking on thsir own
account.
The pyramid sf chsops 10 the
outstanding monument OF the
ancient world. u u a monument
to~-~Whatf
trnpsris
Evening star., 1928-05-13
100000 Volts of Electricity Produce
Most Powerful Man-Made Lightning

Three million six hundred thousand
volts Of electricity can now be stored in
artificial clouds" and discharged in a
ten-millionth of a second, thus imitat-
ing in the laboratory the effects of
lightning more accurately than ever be-
fore. This feat has been accomplished
at the Pittsfield Mass. laboratory OF
the General Electric Co, F. W. Peek,
jr.. informed the regional convention Of
the American Institute of Electrical En-
gineers here. Such voltage is II times
as great as that carried over even the
highest voltage power lines.
"As these sparks last but a ten-mil-
lionth of a second and as light travels
about 100 feet in that time. the binding
flash Is all over when seen by a person
only hundred feet away" Mr.. Peek ex-
planned. yet the flash appears to be
there when he sees it,
Evening star., 1928-05-13

Although these yoltages frequently
have duration Of less than q millionth
OF second. their rate OF rise and fan
or wave shape has been accurately
measured by an instrument using q
beam of electrons as a pointer anc
known as a cathode ray oscillograph.
The object Of the study is TO secure
scientific information on the nature OF
electricity and to obtain further engi-
neering information on the protection
Of life and property against lightning.
To build transmission lines. transform
ers and other electrical apparatus to re-
Sist lightning volt2ges," Mr.. Peek said.
lightning is one Of the greatest foes
To electrical apparatus and much has
already been done in this laboratory to
produce lightning-proof apparatus. The
present generator produces higher VOLT
ages than ever produced by natural
lightning on transmission lines"
Evening star., 1928-05-13
Turks Make Visitors
Use Many Photographs

The Turk Is noted for q certain calm
and philcSophic ohSsinacy, which IN the
end pretty surely sets him what ne
wants. And often enough IL Is at the
unwisting expense Of casual visitors
For instance, IN departmental anaIrs
there Il the matter of photographs
Three photographs are necessary when
applying for VISA three On arrival 81
hotel In ConStantin0ples six for per
nais de seloMr@ II yoa stay more than IA
GAYS three for each "trip % another
town, and one for arrival IN the te~"s
three finally ioF an exit visa % set eeat
Each process az registration Aeeogns
panying presentation Of the photo,
graphs Is long detailed. picturesque aIlG
appallmgly red-taped, not movement
or 4 whisper can be made until property
each atep h entered IN vast series o.
enormous black leegeTs. hut what are
all the photographs fer2" t'Nethtngs
"nut-~-~sg r Nothing except "a keen
cur clerks with something to dol"
Evening star., 1928-05-13

Note--1n the thirty sixth installnicnt
of The Story of Civilization to he
iel of "Machiavell and tiiordano Bruno
The Renaissance of Philosophy ~
Evening star., 1928-05-13

Continued on Fifth Page)
Evening star., 1928-05-13
Worlds Interest i'm Aviation Grows
As Result of Transatlantic Flights

Continued from First Pagel
Evening star., 1928-05-13

M ODERN times" which be-
- " N gin so variously in different
V fields, date above all from
4 the year 1856, when GU
4n,,hnrn mud nt her Gnrnaa ms
Evening star., 1928-05-13
By THOMAS r.. HENRY.

THE potentialities of the human
brain are only about one-f1fth
utilized.
Il The five external senses 49,
Evening star., 1928-05-13

.copsrishi leasl
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1928-10-10
APPEALS
FOR BOILERS

With a sprtnkling Of Ku Klux
Khan members present. along with
a large number of boiling Demo
Gratis, Bishop James Cannon. jr.,
of Richmond, head of the Methodist
Church in Virginia, addressed a
mass meeting opposed to Governor
Smiths presidential candidacy in
Clarendon, Va, last night.
There was no disorder, despite. the
split in the civic ranks of Airing.
ton county over the use of Wash
ington and Lee High School audi
forum for campaign purposes. A
few derisive remarks were hurled
at Bishop Cannon, but there was no
heckling.
The divine's address was heated
appeal to Virginia Democrats to
desert their own party banner and
to vote for that great humani-
tartan, Herbert Hoover"
The people of Virginia are NOT
going to put on the wet collar of
Tammany. he added, amid shouts
OF Amen from his audience,
Bishop Cannon attacked Governor
Smith because he alleged he favored
the lowering of the immigra ton
bars to the peoples of southern
Europe, and because he had an.
pointed colored man named Nor
ton a member of the State civil
service commission, with white
clerks working under him,
As for prohibition, the bishop
said he knew there was "bootlee-
ging and blind tigers" as Governor
Smith charges. but said the main
fact was that "the State no longer
authorizes or approves the liquor
traffic. The brand of the criminal
is upon it,
As for political parsons" Bishop
Cannon declares that Christ himself
was one, and told how He had
fought the politicians Of His day
in order to destroy the works of
the devil
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1928-10-10
Night Club Gaiety Is
Seen in Singing FOOl'

When Al Jolson's first Vita
phone picture, THE Jazz Singer"
broke records all over the ,coun-
try. people said it would be inn
possible to equal it in glitter,
glamour and heart appeal. The
Impossible appears to have been
done. for Warner Brothers now
present AL Jolson in his second
talking picture, 1.-The Singing
Fool" at the Metropolitan this
week.
The worlds greatest entertainer
Is heard in new songs, not for
getting some of the old, In
dialogue and with the magic
working accompaniment of music
that recreates the night clubs of
the big town--the haunts AMI
home of the singing waiter
whose heart breaking humorous
story makes the play.