davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
BEN I WEBSTER
BOARD HEAD

Ben T. Webster, member Of the
firm Of Boss & Phelps. has been
selected to head the washington
Real Estate Board for the coming
year.
Alfred II. Lawson, real estate
officer Of the washington Loan and
Trust Company, was elected first
vice president, and Arthur Carr,
local operator, was elected second
vice president All three were elected
by unanimous vote.
William G. Miller, retiring preSf
dent of the organization: y. Edward
Schwab, Of Schwab Walk & Candy.
and j. r.. M. Bowie, of the III. II.
Rust Company, were elected to fill
the existing vacancies on the execu.
tive committee Of the board
Webster has served six or seven
years as member of the executive
committee of the board, and during
the past year served as first vice
president under w. G. Miller.
Arthur Carr, chairman of the APP
praisal committee, reported that the
committee had appraised ISL parc IS
during the past year with d total
value in excess Of $11 900 900.
The annual report Of the orgnIll.
zation and plans for the forthcona.
ing Ideal Home Exposition were sub.
mitted by John Petty, executive sec.
rotary Of the board.
The retiring president, w. g.
Miller, expressed his appreciation of
the support the board members had
accorded him during his term OF
office, and Ben T. Webster, as the
new organization head. spoke briefly
on the future expansion Of the
board.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
H 0 NJ [ COOLED
AND HEATED
BY GAS

a new type OF dwelling house.
heated and cooled by the same gas
fire is now being developed BY the
American Gas Association.
The house as planned BY the
association, win probably consist
Of eight rooms, with basement and
bathrooms, and while the expert.
ment il stiIl in its laboratory stages.
It has vast possibilities from an
economic STANDPOINT. Al heating
and cooling process combined has
long been looked forward to By
members OF the trade.
Alright Home
The windows for the new type of
home win be alright ana used Tor
day lighting purposes only. Wash
ing conveniences are being cared
for and the doors of the proposed
structure will be modelled after
those of type used in bank vaults
with stepped edges in sufficient
numbers to make them virtually
alright. Ventilator ducts are plan
ned to care for the foul air usually
cared for through the draft process
made possible through the open
windows.
The insulation Of the entire house
will reduce the heating bill BY
about 80 per cent and viii be
equivalent to the protection az
forded by one and one-haH inches
Of cork.
Combine Plants
The scientific principle OF the exs
pertinent is based on the use Of
ammonia, which has boiling point
Of II degrees below zero. The ann
monia will be used to absorb heat
from the less cold air outside IN
winter and in summer q reverse
process Of absorbing inside heat
will cool the house to desirable
and even temperature.
While the absorption process
does not supply the fun amount Of
heat in winter, investigators hope
to make it add appreciabIy to the
warmth supplied by heating equip.
ment and reduce the amount Of
fuel consumed.
The heating and cooling plants
will not be combined at the outset
but after added experiments ar6
made it is thought the two can be
combined successfully.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
Cedarhurst Citizens
To Hold Oyster Roast

The Cedarhurst Citizens Associa.
ton will hold its third annual oyster
roast at Cedarhurst- on-the-Bay, Md,
Sunday, October ID. The Cedarhurst
organization is three years old and
is the outgrowth of this bay-edge
community which boasts about so
homes.
The development is only 80 miles
from Washington and n 4ch of it's
rapid growth Is attributed to q
functioning r. this organization and
the elise proximity of the resort to
the District.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13

a uSed car will serve your many
TRANSFORMATION needs, Select 1t from
the Automobile for sale columns OF
tOday's Classified ads.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
1O125O Chain Stores
In U. S. Represent
1896 Systems

The United States Is a nation
of stores. Estimates Of the
number of retail shops within the
bounds OF the country ranged
from 100000.
1t is known that there are
101 $50 chain store establishments
operated by 1886 systems or COM
panies.
Almost every kind of com.
modify is sold by these concerns.
Grocery stores operated under
the chain system total $4,000.
They are controlled by $50 diff
ferent combinations and in num-
Der they lead the chain store
field
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
AIban Towers Nearly
Ready for Occupancy

Alban Towers apartments, corner
OF Massachusetts and wisconsin
Avenues Northwest. IS rapidly near
ing completion and the builders
Baer and SchoIz, are concentrating
their efforts on several new brick
homes which they are constructing
in the Northeast
George a. Wilson, one Of the
vision, stated that while most OF
the homes are not as yet completed
more than two-thirds are already
sold. This new home, development
is located at Bladenshurg Road and
M Street Northeast, adjoining the
new National ArbOretum.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
$4,5S9,833,OOO in Loans
To Brokers Sets Record

Loans to brokers amounted to
81. $50, S33 900 during the past week,
establishing new record in that
respect, member banks of the Fed
eral Reserve system reported yes
terday.
The Washington times., 1928-10-13
Property Unchanged
By Marriage If
Owned Before

Real estate acquired by man
and his wife prior to their mar
riage and sold by them after
their marriage Is not Community
property" according to a decision
Of the Board Of Tax Appeals
(John II. Flack vs.. Commissioner
OF Internal Revenue. Docket No.
12s09. Board OF Tax Appeals). q
decision which the National Assoc
citation of Real Estate Boards
notes as matter which pre-honey-
moon couples may get out pencil
and paper and figure upon. with
a view to its bearing on future
income tax returns.
- Constituting the community prop
erty statutes of California, where
the case arose, the ruling Of the
board of Tax Appeals holds
that the property in question
being separate property at the
time of the marriage remains so.
The fact Of marriage does not
change the status Of the property.
The ruling Is made despite the
fact that as claimed by the re-
spondent some Of the later pay
menta reducing the amount Of
the mortgage were made after
the marriage out OF earnings
which were, by the law OF Cali
fornia. community property.
Granting that, we think it does
not provide an alchemy suf-
ficiently potent to change the
status of the real estate" the
board holds.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1928-02-23

stances of the times and in practice
was not quite as bad as it sounds.
To us the strangest thing about the
whole institution is that the status of
white servitude was entered by many
quite voluntarily. In fact, the great
est number of white servants had en-
tered eagerly upon their subordina-
ton in order to gain the most coveted
opportunity of those days, free trans
portation to America.
The men to be sold on the ship So
phia were Irish workers who had
signed contracts or papers of "inden-
ture" to work unpaid for four or five
years in return for their transporta-
ton to the New World. They had
signed contracts with the ships mas
ter or with the other brokers, but
were to be disposed of for $75 or so
to the planters of Maryland. By these
contracts, protective indeed in a few
fundamental rights, they became es-
sentially like so much chattel. They
were bound to their prospective mas
ter's domicile and will and were
threatened with punishment of death
for leaving his service before COM
pletion of their time.
To understand these workers one
must know the significance of Amer
lea for the down-trodden Europeans
of the seventeenth and eighteenth CEN
turtles. To an Old World overcrowded
to the point of wretchedness, pressing
down the workers to worse than slav-
cry, America was the one hope on the
horizon. Almost every one of any in
itiative and with scant store of this
worlds goods wanted to emigrate and
no price was too great to pay.
Of course, all were at liberty to sail
over by payment of the small cost of
passage. But few needing to come
had the little money, and for them
there was an ironic recourse: the pur-
chase of freedom through it's temper
airy sacrifice.
Thus countless numbers of our stur-
diest pioneers came to the land of de-
mocracy almost as slaves. For years
sustained only by hope of the future
they worked fettered and unpaid. At
the end of the servitude they were
given fifty acres of land, three suits of
wearing apparel, corn for year, i'm
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1928-02-23
plements and shqndry other neces-

PIGMENTS and a9ndry other neces-
saries.
Without the work of these white
servants America must have RENAL
a wilderness. To the early proprie-
tors as well as to the workers them
selves white servitude was the only
avoidance of an impasse. There were
necessary for the development of
those vast lands whole armies of SER
wants, ones who were cheap and who
would Stay put. To have a servant for
five years merely by the payment of
his passage was certainly cheap
enough. The conditions of servitude
and the system of catching fugitives
saw to it generally that the servants
stayed put. 1t was indeed an arrange
ment to make the modern housewife
envious.
After most of the land was settled
the servants were bought mainly at
the boats as in the above advertise
ment. But in the beginning it was
different-the servants were brought
over by the settlers themselves when
they first came. Did the settlers bring
English servants because they were in
a position to travel de luxe with a
whole encourage? Not at all-their
reason was quite different. 1t was
that the bringing of servants to
America was the condition of their OBJ
tanning any lands and that the more
servants they brought the more land
they could obtain.
If one goes back to the beginning
of Maryland history one is amazed to
learn that Lord Baltimore gave away
his lands for nothing to those who
brought servants. What is the expla-
nation of such philanthropy? 1t is
that Lord Baltimore's problem was
also a servant problem, that Mary
lands history begins with servant
problem. This is literal fact. Mary
land as the holding of Lord Baltimore
was worth nothing, either to him or
anyone else without a horde of SER
wants to work it into cultivation. Only
in this way could sources of revenue
be created.
Thus, many of the people who first
settled in Maryland paid Lord Balti-
more only in a currency represented
by servants. After receiving their
lands they paid him quit-rents out of
the economic values which the labor of
the servants created. Lord Baltimore
received money eventually, but only
because servants had made lands in
come-bearing. If he gave away 1000
acre immortal tracts for every twenty
servants it was because he had gen
Jus of economic foresight
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1928-02-23
When Maryland Slaves were White
Indenture Ended Only In 1915
By ALBERT K. WEINBERG

By ALBERT K. WEINBERG
Special writer for the Baltimore Sun.
One who rummages through old
Maryland newspapers will come on
many an item incongruous with the
present. Casual announcements of the
time-yellowed sheets bring up forgot
ten customs, unsupported institutions,
abandoned social values. Thus, the
following advertisement, appearing in
the Baltimore Advertiser of 1865:
JUST RIVED
In the ship Sophia,
ALEXANDER VERDEEN, Master,
from Dublin,
TWENTY STOUT,
healthy Indented
MEN SERv NTS
'~ntures will be disposed of
7ABLE TERMS
in on board,
scribers, Etc.
-tisement tells US quite
sale of men-white
before our startled
lie method of meeting
the purchase of SER
ers who transported
I'd. Whatever be it's
IN reader, the adj
ton would have
rprise in it's day
announcement of
gent in the pres
n the liberal State
ributing to it any
ity. The institu
ude was prevalent
al America and
{ American coloni-
as the second decade
18th century. 1t arose
y out of the circum-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

very quickly in accordance with the
value and service they offer. Eternal
vigilance and hard work are the
watch-words.
Similarly there Is no room In
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

in charge of manufacturing at the
Dodge Brothers plant, and he heads
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
SETS STANDARD
FOR CAR FIELD
Must Build Good Cars,
Durant Holds.

Challenging the statement of a
prominent competitor that There
is room for everyone in the vast
and tremendously developing au-
tomotive industry" w. G. Durant,
founder Of General Motors and Du-
rant Motors, says, "There is no
room in this industry, for a manu-
facturer who does not build good
cars. There is no room in this in
dustry for a manufacturer who does
not give good values In the matter
of price. There is no room in this
industry, for the manufacturer who
does not take good care Of his deal
ers and give them opportunity to
make a proper profit.
STANDARD of value are increasing
in all industries, but especially in
the automotive industry which has
set the most rapid pace in this re-
spect, in its short quarter century
of advancement. The pace is hot
one. The leaders must give the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

Above is one of the 7-Passenger
LocomobIe LimousineS that is be-
ing displayed all this week at the
special Salon showing Of Locomobile
automobiles, 1881 N. Meridian St.
o. II. Yarnell, district manager, Is
in charge of the exhibit.
He states that owing to the
inability of his company to secure
space that would properly display
this deluxe American-built car at
the Auto Show, he arranged to give
this Salon showing at the above
address.
The Locomobile for thirty years
has contributed advanced engineer
ing principles to the automotive in
dustry which are standard in the
chassis designs of today.
Many more such principles have
remained exclusive with Locomobile
owing to the inconsistency in value
which their adoption would mean in
cars of lower price.
Locomobile enjoys a renown for
fine carriage building that hitherto
has been in interest only to a COM
paratively favored few. For among
it's patrons have been those most
fastidious in taste and those most
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
CRAHAM-PAIGE
DEALERS TOLD
FIRM PROGRAM
Hundred Are Guests of Stall
maker at Luncheon
in CIaypo.I.

More than 100 dealers were guests
of w. E. Stalnaker, general manager
Of the Graham-Paige Com
pany of Indiana, today at lunch
con at the Claypool Hotel. Joseph
B. Graham was the principal speak
er and outlined the company poll
cies for the coming year.
One of the most unusual associa-
lions in the automobile business, if
not in the whole world of business,
is represented by the three Graham
brothers, who are introducing their
new line Of Graham-Paige motor
cars at this years automobile shows.
These three brothers have worked
shoulder to shoulder for upward
of twenty-five years. Their record
has been one Of consistent success.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

whom in natural abilities and in
clinations so well supplements the
others. In production. marketing
and finance, are summed up the
three major functions of every bust
ness. and in any company with
which the three Graham brothers
are associated, each of these three
divisions can be directed by one Of
the Grahams, and each set of re-
sponsibilities effectively handled in
perfect harmony with the other two
Along with their diversified exper-
fences, the three Graham brothers
have learned the vital importance
Of unity Of purpose in the conduct
of their business. To the complete
unity that characterizes their efforts
can unquestionably be attributed
quite as much of the success of the
three Graham brothers as can be
traced to the individual abilities of
the three men.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
two brothers asSo-

ciated In business, but it is rare in
deed that three are found, each of
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

Ihey are builders.
No important de-
ciSion relating to
any e n terprise
with which they
are associated is
made until all
three broth RS
have had a voice
in the matter, and
until they have
reached a thor
ough agreement.
Joseph B. Gra-
ham, eldest of the
three brothers, is
the manufacturer.
He was in control
Of OrOductiOn in
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

an important job and go home, "A
friend advised Carter's Little Liver
Pills. l feel like a made over per-
son since using them. l have
learned a good lesson, and when
ever my stomach goes bad again
I'll certainly know what to do"
Carriers Little Liver Pills relieve
the constipated condition by cleans
ing the intestines of their waste
matter. Their action is gentle and
free from pain. All druggists, 25c
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
Sick Stomach Teaches
Her a Lesson

Brooklyn. Mrs. Alfred File
writes:-"I had become accus-
toned to arising each day with a
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
From Ne1O York to
Paris With
Colonel Charles A.
LINDBERCH
''WE''

Make the thrilling nonstop air
trip from New York to Paris
with Colonel Charles A. Lind
bergh-live over with him the
surging emotions of his epochal
flight and share with him the
triumph of the most tremen-
dous welcome and acclaim ever
accorded any great hero. You
will find eve" a fascinating
adventure story. 1t is the only
story Colonel Lindbergh has
written-and it is a classic in
deed!
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

t n e q r a n a m
Paige production
organization today,
as well as being
president of the
corporation.
Robert G. Ora
h a m, Second
brother, is the
salesman. From
the early days he
has taken over the
work of market
ing the output of
Graham controlled
plants. A long
and very practical
-. I.A1
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

placed him in position to function
especially well in the building and
direction Of an aggressive selling or
ganization.
Ray A. Graham, the youngest Of
the three, has control of finance. In
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15
this field he has, like each Of his
brothers. acquired an exceptional

DrOCnerS, acquired
grasp of the prob
lens and principles
involved, and while
prod u C tion and
sales are being left
to his two brothers
the vital matter
of finance IS capa-
bly, handled by
him. Ray Ora
ham also concerns
himself with the
public relations Of
t h e corporation,
and directs it's adj
vertising activities.
1t is by no means
unusual to find
two brothers aSSn-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

heavy head, dizzy,
and bad taste in
my mouth. My
bowels were fire.
quently clogged.
One day l became
so sick to my stom-
ach I had to leave
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

the glass business years ago. He di-
rected the manufacturing through
out the many years that the
three brothers were identified with
the motor truck industry. He was
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-02-15

IiiIIIIIIITTIITIIIiTII mi
Evening star., 1928-05-16
WOOL QUOTATIONS.

BOSTON, May is Especially Medium
grades of Ohio and Michigan feeces
are arriving in small lots in the Boston
wool market, but the wool is not as
full grown as the majority of the sea-
sons delaines. Sales of three-eighths
and quarter blood f1eeces we're reported
today at 54a55 grease basis. but Ohio
fine was steady at 48a50. with half
blood at 50a52. Fine territory was
quoted 1.I8a120 clean basis, French
combing at 1.10a1.15. half blood at
1.12ai.15, three-eighths blood at 105a
1.08 and quarter blood at 95 to 81.
Evening star., 1928-05-16
HIGH GRADE BONDS
AGAIN ARE SHADED
Effect of Rising Trend of
Money Rates Reflected in
!. Today's Moves.
BIZ CHARLES r. SPEARE.
Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch TO The Star,
NEW YORK, MAY l6.-The shaving
all of small fractions from prices of
hich-grade bonds today told the story
OF the steady effect on investment issues
OF the rising trend of time money rates
Atchison general 4s touched the loves;
of the year and were 2ia points under
the high of two months ago.
Frisco prior lien As. which sold al
9Sia last Winter dropped 10 90. Cana
dian Pacific Is then 90. sold at S9ia. and
other representative members of this
group were from to 5 points under the
range ruling before the money situation
became SO stringent.
CAN Leans Attractive.
Reference has been made from time
to time to the unwillingness OF banks
to buy bonds 50 long as they can turn
their liquid funds into the call money
market at rates between and s per
cent. There are also attractions in the
market for time loans where mixed coli
lateral in bonds and stocks is offered.
Such loans have been negotiated this
week at 5s4 and 6 per cent. which is
the best earning situation from this
source available in several years.
Two features of the industrial list
today were the rise of a point in Dodge
6S and the advance in Armour & Co.
real estate ass above "a. Subsequently
the latter declined & points.
& The Dodge bonds have been sluggish
for a long while and disappointing TO
those holding them The Armour 4i5S,
together with the Armour of Delaware
Sis. were quite weak late last year, but
both have recovered TO the best levels
in long while since the new interests
took hold Of this situation.
Liquid Carbonic SIS advanced 2
points. lettering yesterdays high level,
and Hudson Coal IS rallied above 60
Copper Company per cent con-
vertibles The local fractions, while
steady. were quiet.
japanese Issues Recovering.
japanese bonds are slowly returning
10 the prices at which they were selling
week ago prior to the political out
break. italian industrial issues con-
finued to show strength There were
moderate gains in German. Brazilian
and Chilean bonds The entire United
States Government list had soft ap-
pearance, especially the long-term
Treasures.
The most striking of the new issues
today were those of the Old Colony
Trust Associates with an offering Of
4O0. 900 shares at $50 per share and
about $4,000 shares of International
Securities Corporation per cent pre-
ferred stock at 99ls. six months ago
the latter had a very indifferent market
around 81. The powers granted the
trustees of the Old Colony Co are
among the most liberal that have so
ar been vested in any group Of trust
managers.
Evening star., 1928-05-16
STEEL SCRAP EASIER.

NEW YORK. May 16 NpJ.--Prices CT
heavy melting steel scrap are easier
in the Chicago district, quotations
ranging from $14.50 TO $3.50 a ton.
compared with sis to $3.50 a few
days ago. Some dealers are paying
sl4.50 at certain points and SIS al
others.
Evening star., 1928-05-16
PRODUCE EXCHANGE.

NEW YORK. May 10 tp,.--Rye. tirm'
No, Western. las fob. New York
and 1,4ah elf. export. Barley. easy;
No. 2, l.l3 elf. New York. Lard. firm,
Middiewest. i220ai2,30, Spot coffee
barely steady No Z Rio, 49,; No. 4
Santos. 23aaa24, Other articles un-
changed.
Evening star., 1928-05-16
PRICES ON PARIS BOURsE.

PARIS. May Is R.-Prices were
firm on the Bourse today. Three per
cent rentes. 10 francs 10 centimes; 5
per cent loan, 90 francs exchange on
London, 124 francs centimes. The
dollar was quoted at 25 francs 40A
centimes. The Bourse will be closed
tomorrow
Evening star., 1928-05-16
UNIVERSAL PICTURES.

NEW TORK, May Is GAp.-Unlversr.
Pictures Co. Inc earned 70 cents Z
share on the cCmmon in the quarter
ended February 4. with net profit Of
$265, ,497, against 81 cents share a
year ago and net profit of s219,562.
Evening star., 1928-05-16
DRY GOODS QUIET.

NEW YORK. May Is (SpeciaD -
Cotton goods markets we're quiet again
today. Print cloths were quoted un-
changed at 77sc for 64x60s and at DC
for 68x72s. Raw silks were unchanged
in a slow market