Evening star., 1928-10-18
BACKGROUND OF EVENTS
BY PAUL 7. COLLINS.

of the World War, amounted to only
about 100000 as estimated in 1928.
The severed territory is peopled mostly
by mixed raceS--not Hungarians There
is no country which has suffered
economically as has Hungary since the
war, but all that suffering, all the
bloodshed and anarchy of the Soviet
government under Belu Kan, are over
shadowed in the minds of the Hun
garian school children under the in
fluence of the nationalism Of the
schools with the ideal of preparing for
new war of recovery.
In the text books Of all schools.
courses in history, civics and geography
emphasize the teaching that the lost
terrirory-given to Serbia, Rumania.
Austria and Czechoslovakia by the
Trianon treaty after the World War
still belongs to Hungary and must be
recovered.
Quoting from a text book on civics:
Just as truly as it is our duty to
preserve unimpaired the territory left
to us by our forefathers since our ma
tional honor demands it, so it is also
certain that while there is on this
earth one Hungarian arm to be raised,
grain of dust. Even If our national
minorities are generously allowed to
keep their national characteristics,
everything within the inherited
boundaries of Hungary-air, meadow,
hill. forest, valley, lake, river, stream.
light" and fragrance. feeling and
thought-must be until the end of time
only Magyar"
The following Hungarian slogan Is
printed in the Biographies. "Mutilated
Hungary is no kingdom! Whole Hungary
is the kingdom of Heaven!" All maps
taught to school children show the
whole Hungary" with only faint out
line defining the territory assigned by
the treaty to the neghboring nations,
and therefore no longer Hungarian. The
children recite this from their readers:
In the sad Hungarian lands now lost
to us,
Who knows how many children are
even now
Praying. too-but in secret
While tears steal from their eyes?
Their prayers rise to Heaven
While tears stream from their eyes:
Dear God, our lost country
When shall it again be free?
BY an order from the ministry of
religion and public instruction the ma
tional creed must be recitedStWice daily
in all schools, the pupils standing, with
bowed heads and clasped hands, while
they say in unison:
II believe in one God
II believe in one fatherland.
Il believe in one eternal justice.
Il believe in the resurrection of Hun
gary from the dead.
"Amen!"
The author of that creed declares
Faith is strength He who believes
conquers."
Toward what is Hungary heading?
Will the royalists drive the tortured
peasantry into desperation? Is the rls-
ing generation even now being bred for
revenge? In the magazine, the Nation,
last March, appeared an article under
the heading, "Dishonoring Kossuth,"
written by oscar Jaszi, who indicates
the situation:
THE real followers of Kossuth are
now more prosecuted than the Com
munists. u The majority OF the
Hungarian deputation is guilty OF the
maintenance of a system which, 1nStead
of following the advice OF kosSutn 10
go ahead along the Danube IN eStaD-
lishment of freedom and peaceful CO.
operation among nations prepares
secretly for a new war and operates
systematic smuggling of war materials
with Italy.
But all these are only symptoms
of a system rotten to the core. Its
original sin lies in the fact that the
most fundamental thought Of Kossuth
is not yet realized In Hungary. l mean
the liberation of the bondSmen For
bondage has been eliminated only on
paper while the far greater part OF
the agricultural population is stu kept