davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-11-03
GALLAGHER is LISTED
FOR TWO RING SCRAPS

Marty Gallagher, District heavyweight,
will meet Frank Weiner November IL
: in Baltimore and November IA will hook
up with Al Friedman in Norfolk
Gallagher Is now working out with
Joe Proctor, 175-pound Washington
scrapper. who engages Biff Bennett. 180-
pound boxer of Norfolk, in the feature
bout of the Relee Club card next Thurs
day night at Arlington Beach, Va.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
York Game C1idyon Championship
FOOT BALL YESTERDAY
Newberry. IL; Erskine, 6.

Newberry. 12; Erskine, s.
Upper Iowa, 13; Iowa State Teach
erS, Is.
Des M0ines University, 6; Simpson, o.
Maryville, Z; LenOir- Ryhne. 0.
Danville Qnd.) Normal, IL; Evans
vile, 0.
Ashland College, 80; Findlay Col
lege, 0.
Hiram, s.; Baldwin Wallace, 0.
Illinois Wesleyan, So; Eureka. 0.
Illinois Teachers, 80; Scott Aviation
Field. 0.
Henderson Brown, 81; Oklahoma
Normal, 0.
Coctner College, IL; Dana, 0.
Arkansas College, 10; Monticello A
and NJ, 0.
Whitewater Teachers College, s; Osh.
kOsh Teachers College, (tie).
DeniSon. 80; Ohio Northern, 0.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
LAVIGME MEMORIAL RING
SHOW PROVES A FAILURE

DETROIT, November R.-Plans
to erect monument over the grave OF
Kid Lavigne, former lightweight boxing
champion, and to provide an endowment
for his widow, had vanished into the
smoke of promoters fiasco today.
A benefit boxing show last night, de-
signed TO raise the desired funds, was
a financial failure Part OF the pox
Office receipts were attached by creditors
after the principal fighters, Lope Ienerlo
and Ray Miller, had refused to box.
A writ of attachment was issued 10
Robert S. Fletcher, printing company
operator, who held a bill of $4,000
against the promoter. Code Clark.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
WASHINGTON GRAYS FIVE
Is LOOKING FOR GAMES

Washington Grays basket ball team
wishes to book game for Monday night
with some unlimited team having a
gym. Call Decatur 1860 after o'clock
for arrangements.
Eight teams are entered in Washing
ton City League, which opens its sched-
ule December /. Teams accepting fran
chiseS are Company F of Hyattsyille,
Woltz A. c., Y. M c. A., Hartman Co,
District National Guards, w. H. West
Co., Universal Auto Co. and Jewish
Community Center.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
FOUR SOCCER CONTESTS
ARE SCHEDULED TODAY

Four games were scheduled this after
noon for Recreation Soccer League
teams. Garfield is booked with George
town at Plaza, Rosedale meets Bloom
ingdale at RoSedale, Takoma clashes
with Chevy Chase at Takoma and Iowa
Avenue battles Happy Hollow at Iowa
Avenue Fairgrounds.
Two games last week resulted in ties
and bitter battles were promised today.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
TITLE BOUT IS OFF.

LOS ANGELES, November 3 P).--
officials of the Olympic Auditorium to-
day announced that the proposed bout
between Bushy Graham of Utica, N. Y,
and Fidel La Barba, former fywelgilt
title holder Of Los Angeles, for thu ban
tamweight title here November 20 had
been called OF.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
AVIAT0RS WILL VISIT
ALEXANDRIA FOR GAME

ALEXANDRIA, Va, November 3.-In
the absence of the st. Mary's Celtics,
who will play the MohaWks at Washing
ton, the Alexandria Fire Department
Props will move into Dreadnaught Park
for the game tomorrow afternoon at 3
o'clock with the Marine Aviators of
Brown Flying Field, Quantico.
Alexandria Health Center's bowling
team downed the Fredericksburg ALI
Stars, 1857 to 1887.
The game yesterday between the
George Mason High varsity and alumni
elevens has been postponed until No
vember %.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
HEAVY SCORERS MEET
IN G. U.-N. Y. U. BATTLE

NEW YORK, November 3 F).-Two
Of the East's leading foot bali scoring
machines, Georgetown and New York
University, meet today at the Yankee
Stadium in a battle that is ex-
pected to go far toward deciding the
mythical Eastern championship. Each
team has swept over five opponents
without losing a game.
Against lesser opponents George
towns diversified attack has run up 2<0
points. the highest total in the country.
In Ken Strong, leading scorer Of the
East, N. Y. U. has a triple-threat back.
ine-lIp.
Evening star., 1928-11-03

Three -men-out." cried the Wash
mgton and Lee quarterback for the
third time in the Cornell game of
1915. After they had taken their po-
sition. he yelled. "Hip!" Whereupon
No. 3, who was on the line Of Scrlm-
mage. occupying the black cot Just
ahead Of where he is shown in the
diagram. leaped back several yards
as No. . leaped forward into the line
from the position he occupied back
of t. the spot shown by the black
dot to his rear.
This move made No. eligible to
receive a forward pass, as 1t placed
him on the end of the line of scrim-
mage. The shift fooled Cornell
They were looking for pass to ore
Of the three -men-out. Instead, No.
4, receiving the snap from center.
ran back and tossed a pass over the
line to No. /.
That was the beginning of a
scheme of plays that spread over
the country like wildflre. West Vir-
ginia,s coaches took up the forma-
ton and spent a month perfecting
it. 1t won several signal Victories
for them, overwhelming both Prince
ton and West Virginia Wesleyan
The direct result was that Bill
Roper. the Tiger coach. and Earl
Neal, the Virginia pilot, formerly a
West Virginia Wesleyan player, saw
possibilities in the formation. Vir-
ginia used it last year, SO did Roper
against Yale. So, it is likely that
both teams will work plays from it
today, when they meet Wash
ington and Lee and Ohio State, re-
spectively.
Diet often stands between victory AM
lefeat. You can't expect to win 4
'Oot ball by Overeating and under
Ieeping. You must learn the value o
regulation. Send stamped, addressed
in care of this paper, and re
meet Sol MetzpPr'S Ieaf1et IN "Diet an,
Evening star., 1928-11-03
Lineup and summary !:

IOUChuOWnS = FOuntaln GOSS, UrlSSeI
Florence. L. Winston. Points after touch
down-,-Drtssel tsl, from placement Points
missed after touchdown--Drissel t2), from
placement. Substitutions: Tech - Norwood
for Goss. Stutz for Edwards, Goss. for Nor
wood, Nehel for Cole. Norwood for GosS.
Hoy for Edelbut. Western-Gould for Nc
Milan Pagan for Thompson, Webb for
Mcmillan T for Draper. Titus for McMiIian,
Pagan for Shinkle. Shnkle for Pagan.
Referee-Mr. Magoffn tMichieanl. Umpire
Mr. Daniels Central board).
Evening star., 1928-11-03
TIP FOR. FISHERMEN.

HARPERS FERRY, W. Va, Novem-
ber 3.-Potonac and Shenandoah RiY-
ems were clear this morning.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
Series Statistics

Yesterdays Result.
Tech, SO; Western, 0.
Scores OF other Games.
Eastern. s; Central 0.
Tech, /; Business (forfeit.
Eastern, 6; Western, 0.
Central, 18; Business, 0.
Tuesdays Game.
Business vs. Eastern, Central Stadium,
Sis O'Clock.
Other Future Games.
November Central VS.. Tech
November l3-BusinesS VS.. Western,
November 16--EaStern VS.. Tech.
November 20--Central VS.. Western.
Led by AbramSOn and Cutler, each
of whom scored two touchdowns,
Dewitt gridders easily defeated George
Washington Freshmen, 80 to 6, yester-
day at the Tidal Basin.
Catholic University Freshmen handily
downed st. Johns College gridmen,
38 to o, yesterday at Brookland
Johnny Oliver starred for the winners,
scoring two touchdowns through run
ming back punts for rs yards on one
occasion and 80 the other.
Evening star., 1928-11-03
Lineup and Summary.

ouchdowns-Hancock, Paul IraVerS.
Points after touchdown missed--Paul Travers
to Williams (forward pass, West tplace-
ment)
Substitutions-Luckett for Sisk. Sisk for
Luckett, Luckett for Violet.
Referee--Mr. Sutton (George Washington).
Umpire-Mr. Gass tLehighl. Head lines
man--Mr. Brewer (Maryland).
Evening star., 1928-11-03

n YEw YORK, November 3.-That
IN such institutions as George
town and New York University
would have teams battling in
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
PIONEERS GET
 SPECIAL RATE
Admiral Line Announces Cut Rates for Grand
 Igloo at Ketchikan

Special reduced. round lrip rates has been issued by tho Ad- miral Line between all Alaskan ports and Ketchikan for the Grand Igloo of the Pioneers of Alaska converting on March 15, 1t was announced today by Brice How ard, local general agent for the company. The special tariff is u reduction of about 20 per cent over the regular roundtrip rates.
 Sale of the reduced tickets will be open on March 12 and close March 16. The return date from Ketchikan is limited to March 2s Local Pioneers making the trip, Mir. Howard said, can leave here on the Admiral Rogers about March 15 and return on any one of three vessels, the Admiral Rog- CTS, Admiral Evans or Admi ~al Watson, as the weekly service of the company will .have been in- aueurated by that date.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

29 at Governors Island. N. Y., where he had joined the Army, after search of several months for him by Post Office officials.
 He is now held in the local Federal jail and will enter a plea before Judge T. M. Reed prob ably next week 1t was said in the U. S. District Attorneys of flee today. The court is now at Ketchikan and Is, returning at the end of the present week.
 Genender was indicted by the last Grand Jury and charged with embezzlemnt of Government funds from the local postofficc where he was clerk, on two counts; the first charging him with embedding funds totaling $43.2S on or about June .25. 1927 and the second charging him with embedding funds to the amount of s1O.6s on or about June 20, 1927.
 The prisoner was brought to Juneau from New York by R. J.. Muiligan, Chief Deputy U. S. Marshal and J. Patrina, Deputy U. S. Marshal, of New York City. The trip across the continent and to Alaska is said to be the long est ever made in the United States and It's possessions by the same officers.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
DOUGLAS NEVIS
MASKED DANCE
 GREAT SUCCESS
Funds for New Grandstand Are Provided by
 Woman's Club

With close to 150 persons pres. ellt, in costume, and about hall that many more occupying the balcony. the Natatorium was well filled last night at the mosque ade dance given there by t.io Douglas Island Woman's Club
 Given as a benefit to raise funds for building a new gran | stand on the ball grounds, in place of the old one torn dowg last year, and judging from thu good time had by everyone. tne event was a srandsland affair n every way.
 Not for several years has there been as much interest taken in a masked ball on the Island Characters of various walks n life. vocation, nationality and age were represented. It was by nc means an easy task for the judges to- decide upon the best, as there were so many nearly as good.
 The prize for the best dresse lady and gentleman character however, was given to Mrs. June Brown as Martha Washington and to Mrs. Dr. Anna Kearsley as George Washington, both attend ants from Juneau. The most CT, iginal characters decided upon were the Bride and Groom, Mrs Archie Radalet being the former and Mrs. John Thunes as the lat ter. both being from Juneau. "Ouf Gang" represented by five Doug las girls, May Fraser, Elizabeth Sey, Mona Carlson. Ruth Lundell Viano Wahto. Marjorie Fox and Sairnie Kromquist, copped the prize for the most comical char. acters by wide margin. It was then found that an additional prize would have to be declared as one more character was toe good to leave out, the best sus tained character. o. F. Olson, as
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
PARISH PLAY ON TOMORROW
Daddy Long-Legs . Will Be Production to Be
 Presented

Everything is in readiness for the raising of the curtain on the play Daddy Long-Legs" at the Parish Hall tomorrow night.
 Fourteen years ago this play was produced for the first time in a Broadway Theatre, New York. Since that time it has delighte3 thousands in all parts of Ameli- ca
 Mary Pickford starred in the production.
 The twenty characters, which form the personnel of the play, have worked with enthusiasm and interest, and it is their belief, and the belief of those in charge of the affair, that their efforts will offer a very enjoyable evening to the Juneau Public. Tickets have been selling at a good rate and a large audience is indicated.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
HENDERSON. WILL {
 INSPECT SCHOOLS

Territorials Commissioner of Education Lester D. Henderson, is leaving Juneau tonight on the steamer Admiral Rogers on an official trip to the southern dis trict. Commissioner Henderson plans to make a visit of inspec- ton to the Territorial schools at Petersburg, The Narrows, Scow Bay and Point Agassiz.
 He expects to complete his in-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
MUCH WORK FOR
 LUMBER MILLS
Roy Rutherford Returns With Big Box Contracts
 Lumber Price Good

Roy Rutherford. manager and part owner of the Juneau Lumber Mills, returned to Juneau on the steamer Yukon from q several months trip to Seattle, Boiling. ham, Anacortes and Tacoma.
 Optimistic outlooks for the mill this coming season were express ed by Mir Rutherford today. He declared that the company has enough orders for salmon boxss to operate for half a year from the time work begins this spring.
 Lumber prices in the Puget Sound district have advanced MT. Rutherford said, "and we sold about one half million feet oi clear lumber, of the airplane type, and received an advance price of $10 per thousand more than last year.
 Salmon boxes are harder for the buyer to purchase this year, and as a result prices are good. As we manufacture a large per centage of those made on the Pa cific Coast we have enough or ders to keep us going for some time on the manufacture of boxes alone"
 George F. Weisel, who made a trip to Alaska and down the Yn- kon to Fairbanks last year, is now associated with the Juneau Lum- Der Mills, and will come north during the early part of March, MT. Rutherford announced. The mills will open about the first of April, he said.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
AT THE HOTELS

Gene A. Brown, city; c. F. Lottsfeldt, Takotna; A. A. Hum frey, city; J. J. Meherin, city. w. c. Strench, Ketchikan; Miss Hilda Tucker, Seattle; s. Wali- stedt, city; P. J. Mulligan, New York City; Joseph A. Patrina New York City; E. F. zuern, Ii gard, Oregon.
 John Peterson, city: Mir. and Mrs. Robert Cockburn, city; James A. Anderson, Ketchikan; George Johnson, city; H. M. Phil lips, city.
 A. F. ZimmerInaf. city, William s. Mckinley, Seattle. .,ss..a ,
 - s.f z J.. c. Thomas of the Thomas Hardware Company. who has been in the Pacific Northwest for n few weeks on business, return ed home on the Yukon. 1.------- t.
 S. WaIlstedt, who is travelling in the interests of the l.. o. o. Moose. returned to Juneau on the Yukon.
 -< ----7-
 Advertising a1vays pays. Use the columns of The Empire
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

JACK OF ALL TRADES Let me uG your odd jobs. Phone I473, John Holler, Prop. adv
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

the Rose Lady" was awarded this prize.
 Several others were deserving of special mention among whom were Mrs. J R. Guerin as hobo. Mrs. Felix Gray as Napoleon, Mrs. F. Loomis as a ballet girl and Mike Riesser as an old fashioned lady.
 Judges for the occasion were Mrs. Robert Fraser, Mrs. w. A. Fleek, Dr. W w. Council, Thomas Hall and Charles Schram.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
eENENDER IS
 RETURNED TO
 FACE CHARGES
Former Lo,c al, Postofice \ Clerk. Indicted for Enj :.
 bezzlement Is Here

TO face a charge of embezzlet ment of Government funds while a clerk in the local U. s. post office last year, David Genender, who was brought north on the steamer Yukon by Deputy Mar shals from New York, was turn cd over to the custody of U. s. Marshal Albert A. White on the arrival of the steamer in Juneau. Genender was arrested January
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
Weather Conditions AS Recorded by the U. s.
 Weather Bureau

Forecast for Juneau and vicinity beginning today:
 Rain tonight Thursday moderate southeast winds
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
1.-THE SAPD SHOWING
 AT LIBERTY TONIGHT

The Warner Brothers feature
 'The Sap" which opens at the
 Liberty Theatre tonight, features
 Kenneth Harlan. The story dea 5 with a young man who was ,o babied by his mother when small that he became regular molly , scoddle, and became prey to T tsmall town bully. He had. hard time of it until the final climax when he redeems himself by giv- ing the bully the thrashing of his life. Comedy situations are plen- tifnl and while dealing with the
 war there are no blood and thun-
 der scenes. The plot is up-to date
 in every respect and will make wonderful entertainment for the motion picture theatre goer.
 Charley My Boy, of song and dance fame, will be the comedy
 feature, for Charley Chase has written the Hal Roach laugh.
 maker. The program will be
 opened with a news reel.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
RETURNS TO WESTWARD

Bound for Healy Forks, to the Westward, and taking with him a mining mill unit of five stamps, T J. Doogan left on the Yukon last night for the gold mining camp of the company by whom he is employed. after a three months visit with his family The stamp mill was purchased from tho Trealwell Company.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

Note-Observatlons Ouch Harbor, Kodiak, Rupert Edmonton Seattle Portland and San Francisco mad a 4 a. m. and 4 p. Juneau time.
 souhward California the being located British Columbia, 3072 pressure prevailed Boring Sea weather reported from the Interior of Alaska much change Southeastern Alaska during the next s36 hours.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

adv.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

Advertising afvays pays. U the columns of The Empire
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15
ATTENTION EAGLES

Regular. meeting Wednesday night. Feb. i5. Odd Fellows Hall. at 7: 90; o'clock Import ant business .EsAll members urged to be presentl x@ @
 GUY SMITH. adv. W ss Secretary.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-02-15

spection in time to make the steamer Admiral Watson, due to arrive in Juneau, the end of this week from the south.
Evening star., 1928-03-30

Bay, reputcd to be the largest crab
shipping town In the country was
wiped out by fire last night that left
but few walls standing in the 10 blocks
swept by the flames.
Frank Morgan. a Crisficld youth. was
caught under the falling brick wall of
the Gibson Building and badly injured
He was taken to the McCready Memo
rial Hospital Crisfleld, and later. 1t
was reported, he died there Two other
youths were standing with Morgan As
the ruins cooled this morning plans
were under way 10 dig into a pile OF
brick five feet deep to learn If their
bodies were there. The wall fell with
out warning and many in the crowd
standing near suffered lesser injuries
as brick fell around them.
Leading business men Of the city
comparing estimates of losses today
went over figures for each of the com
mercial houses destroyed and believed
that first estimates of a loss OF ap-
proXimately $l,000000 might be IN
creased to more than $2,00O00O. Fifty
six commercial establishments and 81
homes were destroyed and electric light
circuits fell, leaving the city In dark
ness.
Evening star., 1928-03-30
COAL DATA HELD
SUBJECT TO CALL
Mine Workers Counsel Says
Cost Figures Are Essential
to Senate Inquiry.
Bv the Assnclated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The authority Of the Senate interstate
commerce committee to require West
Virginia coal operators to produce their
figures Of mining costs and receipts in
the investigation Of the bituminous in
dustry was defended today by Henry
Warrum. United Mine Workers coun-
sci, replying 10 the argument Of E. l..
Greever and A. NJ. Belcher. operators
counsel. who challenged such authority
Warrum declared that the data which
has been called for was essential TO the
inquiry. because it would facilitate any
legislation that the committee might
decide was necessary TO stabilize the
soft coal industry. He denied that the
account books were beyond the turis-
dictiOn Of the committee.
Warrum said a merger was in the
ofilng among the smokeless coal pro-
ducers Of West Virginia. and contended
that legislation which the committee
might recommend 10 permit such con-
solidation would be improved by a
complete study OF all the economic fac
tors embracing the industry.
Evening star., 1928-03-30
TWO MAY Be DEAD
IN CR|SFIELD FIRE
Maryland Town Suffers Loss
Of S500,00O to 81 100000
in Business Center.

Rv the Associated Press
BALTIMORE. March 30--Two lives
are believed to have been lost In a fire
which started in the Arcade Theater at
Cristleld Md, and wiped out the up
town business section of the town last
night, special dispatch to the Balti-
more Sun says.
Estimates Of the loss caused by the
destruction of more than score of
business buildings including two the
aters and hotel, ranged from 100000
10 ST. 100000
Frank Morgan, a youth, was caught
under falling walls and was reported
TO have died at the hospital Another
man was reported caught under falling
debris.
The fire wrecked the Pine Street Sta
tion of the Pennsylvania Railroad and
destroyed a score Of homes in the negro
section
The local firemen who we're aided
by fireiighters from six other towns.
we're hampered in their battle with the
flames by the wind and failing water
supply.
Evening star., 1928-03-30

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT THF
American Security & Trust Company has de
Clared a regular dividend OF 3 ar.ceHi un
i's caujlaI stock az S3.4uu u0o PAYABLE
Arui 10. 1928 tn the stockholders of rec
O~d at the close Of business ON March 81
13.s The transfer books nf tho COMPANY
wlll be closed frum Aprl lst 80 the l0th.
Evening star., 1928-03-30

A Swedish syndicate has purchased
all the match factories in Lithuania and
viii close all but one
Evening star., 1928-03-30
SPECIAL NOTICES.

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT THF
American security & Trust COMPANY has de
SIS caugaI stock al S3.4uo. .oOo PAYABLE
Arm 10. 1928. tn the Stockholders ol re-
ord at the close of business ON March ~
1o@s The transfer hooks of the COMPANY
MI he closed from Anril Isl % the ION.
- CoRCoRAN .THoM. President
loads FURNITURE WANTED TO AND
from. Phila. New York. Roston. and Puts-
hQr<h. S@yera, return, load d3Igs open.
w Mse,y ssTyle 1,. 59r Sp}ai ,ais IHk 81"
nv Main 2l5a
] Will NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY
utbrr debts than fhuse contracted by niYs"f
= NJ EWER@ !. Jr > ] ~ You - ~. IL
All. KINDS or FNERG kEENs ROSE
bushes hedres furnished and PLANTED Lawns
b8t lD good condition with ron ~'4'l ana ma
pure A HERRELL 726 loth st ne
GARDEN TO0LS-NEw RAKE PICK
and USED shQsel all 3 Tor 81 - while ihes
9Th and Fla ave. n.e.-592l Ga ave. n u.
Will NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY
eiher debts man ih',-H%, pRlcF t9F nN
aI2 crlltenien At w 3ns
GARDNER TOURING AUTOMOBILE. LEFT
ny Augustus Jones VIII pe snlG on me prem
charges 7. } CAMFIELD. 1913 0 S. ~
TO WHOM IT NAY CONCERN-TAKE
uuiioe that the certificates Of sale for taNes
an lat SAB formeTls iot 81 In square l@o7
IN fSe 7Gth .far of March 1909 aud on
,he .fnr5 Hay ~ Warrh 1910 ISSUED TO
s+barl.~ "a Whistle have baeu lost ar de-
s4rr.ps au8 that I nave aDplIed ~ the
f,~,,@gtesi,.r,ons III fha Tu-trt-t AZ rolnnihta
=, fs2rs ~ ne l s}fnf,.gfa az said ceytlh-
.-sse
GEORGE - OFFTTT
JfIG p street \ x
- -.-.-F Dr.pFS-fs 7o1-
Iot = - 'Ah 2Alhl.>t2 80, -
ia in,E ave Nept5laa y } ~ 10 sold
81 eaarges ~ WesehIers pghllc snetion on
1at,,~lts, Aur3 CALL CARL INC Ga
II Il rs
Evening star., 1928-03-30
Lesson No. IL

Question: Why should
young children receive emul-
sifed cod-liUer oil regularly :?
Answer: While milk is the
-shild's best individual food,
= is deficient in rickets-pre-
venting vitamin.
That is why so many
young children take emul.
sihed cod-liver oil as in
SCOTS EMULSION
wHFVmuvFFg Observation-Disclosures