New Britain herald., 1928-07-11
BELLS WILL RING AS WAR MEMORIAL
Tribute to American Engineers
 Who Died in France

Washington. D. C., July H.
 American engineers who died during
 the World War will be memorialized
 by q new carillon installed in the
 slnslng Tower at Louyain (Be!-
 slum) University. The carillon has
 iS bells-one for each of the United States.
 l Romans Raced for Bell
 Bells are so commonly used today that their importance in ancient and
 medieval times is often forgotten, j"
 says bulletin from the Washing
 ton, U. C. headquarters of the Ma
 uonal Geographic Society "The
 Chinese used bells in their worship
 5000 years ago, The robes Of
 Jewish priests in Old Testament
 times tinkled with tiny bells. The
 Romans adorned their horses with
 them, and silver bells were coveted
 Roman prizes.
 Tn modern times the civilized
 world is literally full of bells. If
 the telephone companies plugged
 in on every telephone in the United l states more than 36,o0o. .00S bells would ring at one time. Nearly every residence has door bell Most of them have alarm clocks with bells and many of them are old fashioned enough to have dinner bells. In the cities. bells of the fire apparatus warn the populace of Its speedy aproach. Life on the sea IS regulated by bells and on land To- comotive bells are familiar sounds. When secular bells rest church bells toll the hours of religious services
 Four Sided Bells
 Christian churches did not use bells until the fifth or sixth century. The first church bells were made in Campania, Italy. and used in churches in Rome After little more than century their popularity influenced a. Pope to ordain that every church should have one.
 Marco Polo tells about large bell suspended in the center of Pe- 1 king from lofty building. but early | European bells were tiny compared 1 with the modern giants. Many of 1 the hand bells in general use were made of hammered iron. riveted to- I gether and shaped like the so-called l COW bell.
 Bells grew in size with the cen ! turies, When a king presented a bell weighing slightly more than a ton to the Church of Orleans in the ] eleventh century, the people looked upon 1t as q marvel of the age. Seven centuries later Russia, the Land of Rells.' cast the famous 1s0 ton Tsar kolokol which has never been riNaled in weight or size. Rest ing on mound in a Moscow square it is 19 feet tall, 60 feet in diame- ter and it's sides are two feet thick. An eleven-ton piece which has fall- en from it's side lies near the gaping hole that has been used as a door way to a small chapel within.
 Highest Swung Bell.
 Moscow also claims the largest bell in actual size, bell which weighs IFS tons. Upper Burma has one weighing 80 tons. The barrel- shaped bell at Kyoto, Japan, weighs b3 tons, while the great bell at Pc king weighs only ten pounds less. Bells in Rouen and Vienna each weigh 20 tons.
 The United States has the high est swung bell It is attached to the clock mechanism in the Metropoli- ( an tower, New York City. 100 feet 'bove the street Gotham also has 'ne of the worlds two largest caril- , Chs with 53 bells. But no bell ' |, nore famous than the cracked old /, liberty bell in Independence Hall, Philadelphia.
 'The people of England almost I ived by the ring of bells few cen- I, uries ago. 'Nestry bells summoned / he church vestry. Mote bells an- !, iounced village meetings. Harvest f cells called workers to the field. Oven bells noted the hour when : he ovens of the Lord of the Manor f we're ready 10 bake bread. Market i|| 'ells' signalled the opening of the i N markets. There were special bell inglngs when children of notables it tere born. Passing bells are still II ung in England after the death of
 citizen M
 Chased Evil Spirits. i
 Bell ringers usually refer to ell as she but the famous bells f England bear masculine nam-s. reat Paul, a 16ls ton bell swings tower atop St. Paul's in Lon- on. It is England's largest swing lg bell. Great Peter at Yorkmin- .er Is a 121s ton bell. There is a reat Tom at Lincoln and another Oxford University, while the Iestminster Abbey bel lis affection tely called Big Ben. The old Eng sh bells were believed to possess personalities. When they were owed from one town to another icy were taken down with much eremony and great crowds lined ,e route over which they were auled. More ceremony took place . hen they were re-hung. In the low 'untries- bells were credited with lasing evil spirits.
 "The great modern carillons arc 'e outcome of rivalry among the N ties of the Netherlands and Bel um. In the fifteenth century when me pieces were rare and the peo- e depended upon the town clock II r the time of the day or night, Lch town sought fo surnacc o+hers h adding more and better bells, II