Evening star., 1928-11-25
CONTINUED From Third Page.)

ratories, "the largest industrial labora.
tories in the world dedicated to thu
application of science to human deeds,
which have a personnel of more than
5000, more than half of whom arr
skilled engineers and scientists. Their
work extends over much of the fron-
tier of the physical sciences and into
the realms of physiology and psychol-
ogy. 1t has been said that the tele-
phone. like the family circle, Is a ma
tional monopoly; so much so that UNI
less it were under single management
1t would be impossible to make the con-
nections as widespread and as efficient
as they are today.
Europe today is struggling with just
this problem. Systems that even
within one country are usually much
less efflcieYft than those of the United
States fail almost completely when II
comes to crossing the boundary lines
Jealousies between the different coun-
tries and the effects of government
operation are largely responsible for
these difficulties. Any one who has
attempted to telephone from Paris to
Berlin, as did three or four years ago
will realize how thoroughly inefficient
the system is. One often has to wait
hours for connection, and even then
1t is virtually impossible to hear and
understand
This perhaps illustrates better than
any other single great industry can the
relative ineff1ciency of government op-
Grafton.
Prime Factors Cited.
It will be noted that in all of these
different lines of industry, research
and science and investigation are the
prime factors. In our country the
private laboratories found in all our
great industrial units, like the General
Electric Co., Westinghouse, the tele-
phone company and a host of others,
are just as efficient as the great gov
ernmental laboratories found abroad
There is and there can be no deaden-
ing monopoly in finding out new things,
and the motives of scientific men are
not wholly commercial.
Another human side to these great
problems is found in the field of labor.
In the United. States at the present
time there is apparently less friction
and a greater degree of cooperation be-
tween employers and employees than Is
found elsewhere in the civilized world.
No better illustration of this is found
perhaps than in the steel industry,
where, according to Charles M. Schwab,
in 1925 the earnings for all labor aver
aged $i.S70. an increase Of .127 per
cent since 1901. Living costs. to be
sure, had gone up SO per cent SINCE
1918. but even so, the workman is dis
tinctly better of financially than ever
before.
There is, however, in the steel indus
try. as in many others, a reciprocal ele-
ment, as the workers with their higher
wages become an important factor in
the consumption of the articles pro-
duced. This. together with the higher
wages enabling them to use greater
purchasing power, is one factor, acknowl-
edged now by the employers. although
earlier they fought it bitterly. that has
been brought about by the United
States immigration policy. Previously
the steel industry relied upon new i'm
migrants for its most disagreeable
tasks. but since the new immigration
laws have been passed there has been
increased individual productivity.
This has been effected. first. "by capt.
tai expenditures through which me-