davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
MARYE and 'MOM'
n = y
THEIR LETTERS

Dear Mom-Two months ago, if
you had written to me that you
wanted to go into the antique bust
ness I should have hit the ceiling
first, then had a piping hot injunc-
ton served, restraining you from
any such act.
But since I have been a working
girl myself, I have changed my
mind-about my rights to interfere,
even with my own mother. And
if you think you'll get any pleasure
out of having a shop with Mrs.
Morrison, yours truly never will
complain.
AS far as I am concerned, /
should prefer that you did nothing
and Just "lived in your children"
as they say. I believe every girl,
particularly the so-called modern
girl, likes to think of her mother
as an old-fashioned, dependent
woman.
Do you remember how Louise
Fields cried for a week when her
mother bobaod her hair, took to
short skirts, and went flapper," as
Louise put it?
One would imagine Louise would
be proud Of her young mother, who
is really much smarter looking than
Louise, but that girl actually pines
for an old-fashioned mother.
Louise says if she ever has any
children, she will, at certain age.
90 sedately into black taffeta and
white lace caps, just to allow her
offspring the luxury of Illusions
about the maternal instinct.
/ However, I think Louise is very
foolish. If her mother actually
were a dependent, clinging woman,
who made demands on Julia and
wanted OF be catered to every min
ute, she probably would be glad her
mother was modern and self-suft1-
cient.
It seems today as if just living
isn't nearly enough-we all want
to be doing something. Take Jane
Smith, who is going to start her
own shop and go into business
she could have the easiest life in
the world if she wanted it,
Nine. Elise has made enough
money to live on the rest of her
life, and could easily retire and
never see a yard of chiffon again
but it would never occur to her to
quit.
I haven't friend who isn't do
ing something, who isn't unhappy,
and wishing she had job. 1t
seems to be in the air. So, if you
are joining our ranks there's Moth
ing to be done about it apparently.
Just wait until I tell Alan your
plans-he will have heart failure,
for you are his ideal Of the dear,
sweet woman who has been pro-
tected all your life.
I'll write again very soon, and
if I have any bright ideas for you,
you shall have them. Hastily,
MARYE.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Family Menus
nv SISTER MARY


BREAKFAS T-Orange juice,
cereal, cream, poached eggs, crisp
whole wheat toast, milk, coffee.
LUNCHEON-Tripe roll, head
lettuce, bran rolls, berries with
cream, milk, tea
DINNER-Broiled salmon with
lemon butter sauce, tomato and
cucumber salad, cherry custard,
milk coffee.
Green peas and carrots as well
as potatoes are served with the fish.
The salmon is cut in slices and
broiled. The vegetables are cooked
separately and served as a border
for the fish and the sauce is poured
over the whole.
Tribe Roll
One pound tripe, potatoes, 2
teaspoons minced onion, 1 cup soft
bread crumbs, 2 tablespoons minced
green pepper, slices bacon, Is tea
spoon pepper.
Wash trie through three waters
Drain and cool. In the meantime
boil, mash and season potatoes
Combine with onion, pepper, crumbs
and green pepper. Lay tripe fiat on
board and sread with potato mix
ture. Roll firmly and tie security
with string. Roll in flour, brush
over with salad oil and place on a
rack in rooster. Cover top with
bacon slices and bake for an hour
in hot oven.
When ready to serve remove
string and pour over well sea-
lsoned hot tomato sauce. Cut in
SliceS for serving.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Delegates on
Train TribtO
Ne7O Orleans

Thirty-thr members Of the IN
diana Federation Of Business and
Professional Women's Clubs will
leave at $50 this afternoon in two
special coaches for New Orleans,
La, to attend the meeting of the
National Federation of Business and
Professional Women's Clubs.
The delegates will be joined at
Louisville, KY, by a coach of Ken
lucky delegates and the three
coaches will become a part of the
presidents special at Montgomery,
Ala. Sunday the delegates on the
special will be entertained by the
Gulfport and Biloxi, Miss, members.
They will arrive in New Orleans at
6 p. m. that day.
Members of the Indianapolis club
who will go are: Misses Glen D.
Anderson, Retta M. Halsey, Dorothy
Sylvester, Celesta Bailiff and Mrs.
Annette M. Wilson and Mrs. Ada o.
Frost.
Other Indiana women to go will
be Miss Jennie Rae Hersch, Port
land, State president; Miss Mary G.
Kennedy, Lafayette, who will con-
duct a party Of fifty members of
the National Federation to Europe
following the convention; Mrs.
Essie Rice, Lafayette; Miss Hazel
Wittinghill, Mrs. Emma F. Riley
Lebanon; Miss Susie Shatter, Mrs
Gertrude Halsey, Hammond; Miss
Maybelle Goodlander, Muncie; Mrs
Nellie L. Niestadt, Charlottesville;
Miss Gladys Riddle, Miss Estella
Keller, Connersville; Mrs. Meta
Burt, Miss Mildred Glmberling
South Bend; Mrs. Fern Dearth
Upton; Mrs. Jennie Barnett, Miss
Signe Palm, Miss Christine BeckS
Michigan City; Miss Pearl Brown
Miss Clara Hartman, Miss Maud H
JOY es, Fit. Wayne; Miss Mabel
v ID, Union City; Miss Eleanor
-Aropp, Kendallville; Miss Opal
Lush, Huntington.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Bride-tO-Be of
Aug. f HOnOred
at Party ShOWer

Miss Cecilia Sanders, whose mar
riage to Ralph Landes will take
place Aug. 4, was honored Thursday
evening with a surprise party and
miscellaneous shower given by Miss
Betty Vollmer, 1874 N. Tacoma Ave,
who will be a bridesmaid at the
wedding.
The bridal colors, pink and green,
were carried out in the decorations.
Little Betty and Buddy Carson,
dressed as a bridal couple, presented
the gifts to Miss Sanders. Mrs. H.
j. Vollmer assisted her daughter.
The guests were Misses Helen
Russell, Gertrude Hutton, Lena
Weilacher, Leila Petrie, Frances
Smith, Johanna Fuller, Eleanor
Sanders, Iris Davis, Nellie Carroll
and Olive Montell; Mesdames Fran
ces Dobbs, Robert Hummell and
Albert Sanders.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

companies the frock and coat. One
especially cut outfit for the blonde
little girl uses a figured woven
rayon, red and pink posies with
green dots on white background
for coat and hat and plain white
material for the frcck that has a
pleated skirt, a cute geometrically GU.
yoke bound in the coats colors and
a belt of the same colors. Mother
can make the hat as well as the
coat. Or just put a figured crown
on a plain brim.
For travel costume, or for hard
wear of any kind, the cardigan suit
is ideal. One especially sweet on a
child with dark hair and eyes is
fashioned of a rayon jersey in a de-
lectable green.
The skirt has two inverted kick
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

pleats and is attached to a top of
plain material. The jumper is
striped in graduated lines running
from very narrow to quite wide and
from white and very light green
through to a deep, rich green. Other
jumpers can quite change the char
acter of the outfit. The cardigan
is plain.
With this type of serviceable
outfit, mother might do we'll to
pick a collapsible straw hat, per-
haps in light green tone. Sox
might be green striped also.
Juvenile costumes are keeping
pace with mothers in quite another
way to. Different sports are call
ing for different frocks.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Personal Shower

Mrs. H. G. Winders and Mrs. F. c.
Ellis entertained Thursday evening
with a personal shower at Mrs.
Winders' home in honor of Miss
Nell Winders, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. j. G. Winders, whose engage
ment to Clarence j. Ryan has been
announced. The guests were Mrs.
Glenn Drumm and Miss Esther Nc
Intosh, Upton; Misses Mary Weber,
Helen, Mabel and Ruth German;
Edna Gardner, Freda Mooney, AL
pha Fox, Inez Brennan and Norma
Hampke.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Leagne WIN
Honor T 100
With Dinner

The Indiana unit Of the Wonen's
Overseas Service League will enter
tain at dinner tonight at the
Marott Hotel in honor OF Mrs.
Robert Walbridge, national presl-
dent of the American Legion
Auxiliary, and a member OF the
Indiana unit of the league, who has
lust returned from its national
convention in Boston, Mass. Mrs.
Walbridge, who represented Indiana
at the convention, will give a re-
port.
Mrs. Theodore Bush will also be
an honor guest. Mrs. Horace
Mitchell, president of the Indiana
unit of the league, will preside
With the nor guests, covers will be
laid for: Ndesdames Walter Morton,
Robert Moore, Tom Polk, Harry
Booth, Jesse Mitchell and Horace
Mitchell; Misses Adah Bush, Alice
Bush and Hazel Dickens.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
EntertainS for
Bride-ELect at
Party ShOWer

Miss Martha Robinson, E.. Wash
ington St., entertained Thursday
evening with a personal shower ana
party in honor of Miss Juanita
Cook whose marriage to George
Nickel will take place Tuesday a.
the Garfield Ave. M. E. Church.
The brides chosen colorS of pink
and orchid were used in the ap-
pointments. The hostess was asz
sisted by her mother, Mrs. B@Ca
Robinson, and her sister, Miss
Dorothy.
The guests were Mesdames Rich
ard Moore, Harold Shaffler and
Betty Fisk Young; Misses Audrey
Breedlove, Marcia Bell, Fanette
Hitz, Ann Simpson, Jennie Simpson
and leila Ann Grossman.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
SMrpriSe Dinner

Mrs. C. Edgar West, Flint, Mich,
was honor guest a. a surprise din
ner given Thursday evening by the
Wonder Worker Club at the home
of Mrs. John Riedl, 800 S. Ran
dolph st. Mrs. West was presented
with a gift from the club.
The guests were Mesdames John
Mattwig, Arthur Wiley, Edward
Schuck, Everett Dunning, Augusta
Hoch, Will Newman, John Gerber,
Harlan Ratliff, Harry Dennick and
John MCGEE.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
AMniLinrn DeLeantes

The following members Of the
Kokomo auxiliary of the American
Legion were elected delegates to the
State auxiliary convention in La
fayette Aug. 26 and 81: Mrs. George
Studebaker, PRESIDENT; Mrs. Lewis
Thomas, secretary; Mrs, Ward
Cooper, acting secretary in absence
of Mrs. Thomas; alternates, Mrs.
Chester Plough, Mrs. W. II. Zerbe
and Mrs. Walter Scott.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
HOnOrs Mother

Mrs. Ida Peacher entertained with
a veranda dinner Wednesday eve
ming, at her new home, on Fl. Har-
rison Rd. The guests were: Misses
Opal Mcdaniel, Helen Turner, Helen
Kennedy, Edith LaMasters, Elsie
Presley and w. s. Neubin. Mrs.
F. B. Cunningham, Birmingham,
Ala, mother of Mrs. Peacher, was
an honor guest.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
For Recent Bride

Mrs. R. C. Ralph entertained
Thursday evening with a bunco
party and shower honoring Mrs.
william M. Ralph who was Miss
Truey Byard before her marriage
in June. Pink, orchid and green
was the color scheme carried out
with summer flowers.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
MISS PETERS HONORS
MISS MARTHA DEAN

A color scheme of pink and blue
was carried out in appointments for
the afternoon bridge party given
today by Miss Frances Peters, 1927
Central Ave, to honor Miss Martha
Dean, who will be married July IA
to George M. Halverson.
Miss Dean was presented with a
quilt. Miss Peters was assisted in
entertaining the twenty guests by
her mother, Mrs. Frank M. Peters.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
MiLky WGy

Tiny silver stars, sprilkled in
wide stripes of light blue on dark
blue background, like the milky
way, make lovely new silk for the
skirt, kerchief and handkerchief of
a suit with navy blue cardigan.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Behr-MdrtLGdqe

Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Barringer
announce the marriage of Miss Hat
tie Martladge and Elmer Behr
which took place Thursday at their
home with the Rev.. F. r. DIARIES
officiating. After a motor trip Mr.
and Mrs. Behr will be at home at
1885 S. Meridian st.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
,SnenkS nt ALtr1lSn

Miss Bertha Leming, a member of
Altrusa Club, spoke on her work as
case supervisor in the social servie
department of the Indianapolis pub
lie schools, at the luncheon of the
Altrusa Club today, at the Column
bia Club.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Attend UniUersitn

Miss Vista Hudelson, Y. w. G. A
secretary at Indiana University, and
Miss Kathryn Hoadley, Y. w. G. A
president, are attending the sum-
mer session at Columbia University,
New York.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

by women. Iney always nave
been crusaders for what they
believed right.
The women Of the w. G.. T. u.
fought many years for their prin-
cipleS. They have gained them.
But when great national crusadeS
have been won or die down, most
women turn to little personal
crusades. They remind me of the
sailor who returned from a world
cruise and landed in New York. He
went out to see the sights of the
city, and his friends found him
rowing around in the lake at Cen
tral Park.
And then there is the mail car
rier who goes for a Sunday after
noon stroll.
Crusade After Marriage
But the majority of women have
the mistaken idea that marriage
can be used in their personal cru
SADIE for reform. They call in the
minister to say few words which
they believe the most potent magic
in the world. 1t very seldom works.
The man in the case keeps right
on doing the same things after he
is married that he did before. Some
men, however, are really changed
over night into new man.
If man is drunkard, marriage
will not make him join the Anti
Saloon League. And if man is a
member of that famous league,
marriage will not turn him into a
tippler.
Of course all marriages cause
minor reforms and changes in the
habits and characters of both
parties. Both the man and the
woman must make allowances for
each other in their conduct.
And that, by the way, is one OF
the arguments for marriage when
both husband and wife are young.
Youth is much more easily nodded
to life. Youth is not yet set in ways
and can be changed easily. The
couple learn to live together more
readily.
Pick Right First
But back to the subject of reform
and MARRIAGE selected dress the
other day, and I bought one that
fit. I didn't get misf1t just so I
could change it when got home.
And the same thing should be fol-
lowed in the selection of husbands.
Don't get husband to whom you
are untitled temperamentally in the
hope that you can change him after
marriage. 1t doesn't work.
If you don't like drunkard,
don't marry one.
Here is letter on that point:
witS W 9Sliti bow for Several months
But there is one thing about him that
He He drinks to excess and often is drunk.
believe that after we are married ne
At least have the hope that can re-
form him once we are married.
DO you believe am right?
You are wrong. If the man
doesn't stop drinking some time
before you are married, he never
will stop at all, marriage or no
marriage.
Dear Martha Lee: I went to a, show
the other night with my boy friend. and
w quarTeed on the n way nome got ont Of
his car and walked into the house without
saying goodnight to him.
Should 1 wait for him to call me or
should call first. The quarrel vas my
You should write a little note to
the boy and ask him to call you
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Sumner at MOrristO1Un

The Irvington Mems Forum
affiliated with ST. Mathews Epis-
copal Church, will celebrate wom-
ems night with a chicken supper
at the Hopper Kettle tea shop IN
Morristown this evening.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Card PnrtM

Division No. 10, L. A. A. o. H
members will play cards at st.
Joseph's Hall at $50 this evening.
Those entertaining are Mrs, Mary
Hager, Mrs. Bridget Hegarty and
Mrs. Mary Clifford.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
ALphG O. Brid0e

One hundred guests attended the
benefit bridge party given this aft
ernoon by the Alumnae Association
of Alpha Omicron Pi sorority at the
home of Miss Mary Gertrude Manly,
sos Washington Blvd.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Lite,S Niceties
Hints on Etiquet

1. Does a hostess always rise to
greet a guest?
2. Should a hostess invariably
rise to greet an old woman?
8. Is it necessary for her to rise
to greet a man?
The Answers
1. Yes, unless seated behind her
tea table.
2. Yes.
3. No.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Marrying Man to Reform
Him Among Most Futile of
Crusade Manifestations
BY MARTHA LEE

GST NOT madly in love with john but intend to marry
h him to reform him, writes young girl today.
That letter typical of the hundreds of the same type
receive every year. They seem to learn
In every woman the spirit of reform burning
brightly "Let's make change, they say.
Of the worlds greatest reforms have been started
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
FOytietb AnniUerSnru

Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Reno, Frank
fort, celebrated their fortieth we'd
ding anniversary Thursday at their
home. They have been residents
of Frankfort for many years.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
NeaO School Officer

Mrs. G. E. Myers, Decatur, has
been named attendance officer for
Adams County to succeed Mrs. Ella
A. PEOPLES.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Shoulder STRAINS

To prevent shoulder straps from
slipping, sew one inch bits of silk
with a snap on each end into the
inside shoulder seams of your
frocks. Snap around all shoulder
STRAINS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Art Teacher

Miss Mary Humphrey has been
named art director Of the Hartford
City schools to succeed Miss Hazel
Sidwell, resigned.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
We'd TOdn7i

The marriage of Miss Rena Mae
Gilchrist and DR.. R. r. Powell, both
of Greensburg, took place at the
Presbyterian Church there today.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

Miss Carmen Davenport came
from Detroit, Mcih., by airplane to
spend several days with Mr.. and
Mrs. Leslie Sparks and family, 2S45
N. Sherman DR.. She will return to
Detroit the first Of the week.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
Snnnral Pmddimns

To change bread or rice pudding
add some broken macaroons OF
some chopped, preserved ginger
with cocoanut, instead of raisinS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

Miss Frances Coleman and Miss
Josephine Dye will leave Saturday
for a weeks trip to Niagara Falls.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

Mr.. and Mrs. L. R. Butler and
son Of New York, motored to Indi-
annapolis to spend a vacation with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. j. F.
Weber, 281O N. Dearborn ST., and
other relatives. Mr.. Butler will re-
turn next week. Mrs. Butler and
son will remain until Aug. l.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

Miss Mildred WEIGH left Thurs
day for a weeks visit with Mrs
William Schlemitz, Dayton, Ohio.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06
PERSONALS

MIR. and Mrs. Marvin Kennedy
and daughter, 1881 Olive ST., are
spending a two weeks vacation in
South Bend.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

Dear Martha Lee: I went to show
the other night with my boy friend, and
we quarreled on the way home.
When we came to my home, got out of
his car and walked into the house without
saying goodnight to him.
Should 1 walt for him to call me or
should I call first. The quarrel was my
fault. WORRIED.
You should write a little note to
the boy and ask him to call you.
Then apologize to him.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-07-06

You are wrong. If the man
doesn't stop drinking some time
before you are married, he never
will stop at all, marriage or no
marriage.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-10-31
RAIL TRAFFIC
 CONTINUES TO HOLD UP WELL
Gen. Man ger Ohlson Looks for Heavy Freight
 Movement This Winter

Traffic on the Alaska Railroa1 l continues to hold up well in line with previous years, according 10 General Manager Otto F. Ohl- son, who conferred with Gov. George A. Parks last night while the. steamer Yukon was in port. The traffic for the coming winter will at least be as heavy as 1t was last year and probably .ill exceed it, he said.
 MT. 0hlson is enroute to Wash ington to appear before Congress in connection with the annual ap- propriation for the railroad. He Is accompanied by Mrs. Ohlson and B. H. Barndollar, legal advisor ana head of the roads auditing department
 It is expected the party will be in Washington several months. MT. Otto Ohlson and MT. Barn dollar have been notified to ap- pear November 12 before the sub committee on appropriations of the House of representatives.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-10-31
ARE ORDERED NOT TO BOB

KEEL, Oct. 31. = Something like mutiny. is threatened in the German Navy because of an edict that has gone forth from the Chief of the Reich's Naval Station here, that officers wives must not be shingled.
 l. Grea t indignation therefore. the ladies, who declare one and all that whatever the authorities may decree in matters of male hirsute appendages, they will not tolerate any official and officius meddlihg with their own feminine cultures.
 The rules ins the German Navy is that officsfs shall be either clean shavefis1 else cultivate a full pointed beard like stheir Ad- miral Prince Henry of Prussia, the ex-Kaiser'si brother, who has copied the istyle from King George of Englahd
 Domestic peace is said to be in many households But perhaps the troube will blow over automatically, now that longer hair" is coming in again, according to reports.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-10-31
WHO'S WHO
 AND WHERE

Mrs S. D. Wingate. prominent ehurehwoman of Seattle arrived in Juneau on the steamer Alaska last night. She is enroute to Haines to participate in the dedi- catin of the new Presbyterian Orphanage there. During her stay in Juneau, Mrs. Wingate Is a guest of Mrs. D. Waggoner.
 T. W. Hawkins, member of the Seward and Anchorage firm of Brown and Hawkins. is passen- ger for the south on the Yukon.
 Capt. J. J. Gary, of the Gov ernment steamer on the lower Yukon, is a passenger on the Yukon for the south. /
 B. B. Green, traveling nan win headquarters in Juneau. re- tufned On the Yukon from a westwa.j trip
 Wsilaee and w. B. Newcomh. Yukon River steamboat men, are soutnDound passengers on tha Yukon
 J. W. Gucker, local merchan- dise broker and big game hunter. arrived from Cordova on the Yu- kon. During his absence he en- joyed successful hunts, killing both caribou and sheep and mei;- ing trip to the Copper River flats for ducks and geese.