Evening star., 1928-02-04
Or. Maurtua of Peru Urges
Modification to Prevent
Violation of Rights.
DEFINITION INADEQUATE,
GUERRERO CONTENDS
Salvador Delegate Demands
Str;nger Guarantee for
Weaker Republics.

b. the Associated Press.
HAVANA. February 4.-What was re-
garded as the most vital and funda-
mental question facing the Pan-Amerl-
can Conference was before the public
international law committee today for
discussion II concerns the definition
OF the sovereignty OF American nations
and determination Of the limits o. their
independence.
a report Of Dr. Victor Maurtua. Peru,
on the subject. was the basis Of the dis
cussion From the moment il was made
public Thursday il has been the sub
ject Of intense controversy. This re-
solved itself mostly around the prin-
ciple expounded in it that the independ-
ence Of countries is correlated with
their duty not 10 interfere with or
violate the rights OF other states"
Dr. Maurtua also proposed amending
the fat unconditional statement OF the
Rio de Janeiro jurlsts' conference pro-
hioiting Intervention by one state IN
the internal affairs Of another IN such
8 fashion that. while condemning in
teryention as a general rule. it would
be recognized that emergencies might
Recommendations Are Listed.
Dr.. Maurtua's recommendations for
declaration on the part of the congress
% the fundamental principles OF inter-
national law read:
One Every nation has the right to
exist. and TO protect and 10 conserve
its existence: but this right neither
implies the right nor justifies the act
Of the state to protect itself or 10 con-
serve its existence by the commission
Of unlawful acts against innocent and
unoEendng states.
Two. Every nation has the right
70 independence In the sense that il
has right TO the pursuit Of happiness
and Is free 70 develop itself without
interference or control from other
states. provided that n so doing it does
not interfere with or violate the rights
Of other states.
Three. Every nation is in law and
before the law the equal Of every other
nation belonging 70 the Society Of Ma
tons, and all nations have the right
20 claim and to assume among the
powers Of the earth the separate and
equal station 70 which the Laws entitle
them.
-Four. Every nation has the right 10
territory within defined boundries and
70 exercise exclusive jurisdiction over
It's territory. and all persons. whether
native or foreign. found therein.
Fifth Every nation entitled 10
right by the law Of nations is entitled
70 have that right respected and pro-
tected by all other nations. for right
and duty are corTelatiye. and the right
OF one tE the duty Of all 10 observe
Sixth. International Law is at one
and the same tine both national and
Observation-Disclosures In the sense
that Il Is the law OF the land and ap-
pltcsble as such 70 the decision Of all
questions involving lis principles: inter-
national IN the sense that II is the law
Of ti3e society Of nations and applicable
ss such 10 al questions between and
among the members Of the society Of
nations involving its principles"
Headed by Gugtavo Guerrero, Saliva
co,. several OF the smaller Latin Amer
tsn republics expressed Dissatisfaction
with Dr.. kaurtua's recommendations.
The Salvadoran delegate opposed the
Tecor; On the basis that i cid not seem
U give concise and clear definition
Of the sovereignty Of nations.
Guarantee Held Weak.
The principles proposed in the re-
port, be said. could not provide suff1-
c4eg. guarantee 1oY small. weak couri-
Try which cid not have sufficient iorce
c9 Us oyn 70 rely upon and whose chief
Ez9eZl&zyd ot national integrity Lay IN
International law.
The American delegation was stated
u be heartily !n tayo. % the report.
An attempt by Mexico 70 curb the
freedom ~ tae press Was referred for
further action 10 the neZt P&n-hu3er-
1can Congress VI Journalists. The pro-
r1osal was INTRODUCED by Or. Julio Gar
c!s. head of the Mexican delegation.
VINO bespoke hls coQntryS desire for
1yncerteS action by The pan american
countries IL the prohibition of the
Equalization q l.belous reportS or ez-
aggerz.zd Or false reports tending U
p:ejgdice word OpinyJn,"
Dr Garcia denounced business III
te.es.s which encourage aao abet the
clxse,a3nzt4On cf adverse publicity W
attain eitEn ends al the expense of
TIE tranquility ~ weak nations