davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
AUTOMOBILES SYMBOL
OF MODERN SLA VERY

In order to make a comparison
between the automobile industry and
industry in general, it is necessary
to allow for seasonal factors, as
well as for differences in the rate
of growth. The rate of growth in
the output of passenger cars dur
ing the period 1919 to 1926 was COM
puted to be 1000 cars month. Sea-
sonal and growth factors have been
eliminated from both curves.
Motor Truck Trend Similar to Cen
eral Manufacturing.
The major trend and monthly
variations in the production of
trucks are very similar to those of
general industrial activity The use
of motor trucks for transporting
both raw materials and finished
products accounts for this similar
ity in the curves.
The rate of growth of the truck
industry since 1919 is computed at
ITO trucks a month.
When we compare the relations
of the production Of the motor truck
to passenger car production, we see
that the tendency is towards a
higher percentage of production to-
wards the motor trucks. While in
1917 the production of motor trucks
was only 76 per cent of the total
production, by 1922 it was already
1913 per cent, and by 1926, 1875 per
cent.
The motor truck is becoming a
very effective competitor to the rail-
road, especially for hauls within b
20-mile zone, and is factor in gen.
eral haulage up to so and 70 miles.
Above that distance the truck is
used chiefly for special services,
such as hauling furniture and per-
ishables.
Need for all forms of transport
serving the same territory is indi-
Gated in the map above filed by the
Detroit United Lines with he Inter
state Commerce Commission. The
map shows the extent of truck roads
and routes operating in areas which
also have electric and steam road
facilities. While the rail service is
station to station and occasionally
siding to siding, the truck service is
rarely exactly competitive with
rails, even between the same cities,
because it is door to door.
Another factor in the develop
ment of motor service is that the
total cost of hauling certain articles,
such as furniture, is less by truck
than by rail in distances under 300
miles.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
nine SENTENCED
IN mill STRIKE
Continued from Page One

Continued from Page One
union is at the same time a high
official in the Fall River police de-
partment, yesterday repeated the
statement Secretary Gampos made
recently, and told the textile work
ers to stay in the mills and not
strike for the return of the wage
reduction.
In discussing the wage question
at his Boston meeting, well-fed Tan
sey announced, "We don't say
everything is entirely satisfactory
with regard to wages, there is room
for Improvement" Textile workers
here, even members of his own or
ganization, are expressing the deep
est resentment at this cynical dis
regard of the workers misery.
Every obstacle is being placed be-
fore the Textile Mill Committees
and the international Labor De-
Tense in getting the jailed strike
leaders free on bail bonds. Volun-
teers here who vouch to go bail on
the strike leaders sentenced to 6
months Imprisonment are being re-
fused on all manner of TECHNICAL
ties. So far the union and the l..
L. D. have succeeded in obtaining
the freedom of Jack Rubinstein.
Seventy-five additional cases Of
arrests for picketing are to come
up for trial tomorrow. Lawyers Of
the I. L. p. will appear before the
District Court to defend them.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
atween New York City and

The time-saving, "one-handling"
factor is an added reason for truck
haulage, which continues to give the
truck an economic place in furniture
hauling. even on the long distances,
where the truck rate is higher.
Tomorrow's article will deal with
the automobile industry in its rcla-
tion to war; the powerful combines:
Ford. General Motors and Chrysler-
Dodge; it will also deal with the
question of whether the saturation
point of the market has been
reached.
The motor truck is becoming so
effective in transportation that
railroads are using motor trucks
very extensively. Forty-six railroad
lines are using the motor truck for
terminal operations; fifteen for
store-door delivery; eleven to re-
place local freight trains. (See
Facts and Figures of the Automo-
bile Industry, 1927 edition, page
74.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
{ GENERAL MANUFACTURING
1MNsWYoRK

Continued from Page One
struggle is further acentuated by
the fact that the automobile market
is nearing the saturating point at
an increasing speed, whereas the
productive apparatus Of the indus
try is capable of an ever enlarging
output.
This contradiction is forcing
American manufacturers to give
ever increasing attention to the
problem of the foreign market. At
the same time we note similar prep
arations being made by European
manufacturers, especially the Brit
ish, to compete with the American
automobile industry. Thus the newer
developments in the automobile in
dustry, as in the other important
industries, point to the inevitability
of international conflicts and war.
Economic Importance Of Motor
Vehicle Industry.
The magnitude of the motor
vehicle industry, and the extent of
it's recent growth are not generally
comprehended. Inasmuch as these
have an important bearing upon
present and future relations with
railroads, we may present a sum-
mary of the industry as it is today.
This will indicate also how rapidly
it has grown.
Broadly speaking, the automobile
has now been used more than a
quarter of century for transporta-
ton. AS factor of major import
ance in national transportation, how
ever, the spectacular development Of
the motor vehicle began about a
dozen years ago when the war agen-
cies drew sharp attention to it's pos
sibilities, notably in the case of mo-
tor trucks. While the automobile
primarily as a pleasure vehicle, and
secondarily as a means of business
transportation, had established it.
self firmly before the war, the mo-
tor truck was used only in very
limited degree until it was employed
on a large scale for military trans
port and as supplement to rail-
road service in 1917 and 1918, when
the heavy demands of military traf-
fic placed an overload on the older
form of transportation.
The Development of the Automobile
Industry and its Relation to the
General State of Industry.
The automobile industry fluctu-
ates with general industrial activ-
ity. An upward or downward move
ment of the general industrial curve
is as a rule accompanied by a sim
liar but smaller swing of the auto
mobile curve.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
REPORT REVOLT
ON UPPER nile
Armed Arabs Attack
British Posts

CAIRO, Egypt, Aug. 15.-Revolt
threatens to spread over the entire
Near East and engulf the British
power in these parts has broken out
on the Upper Nile, where 1900
members of the Nuer tribe or Ber-
bers are reported to have attacked
optposts.
A report from Khartoum, which
is on the Nile River in the center of
the British Sudan, indicates that a
large group of tribesmen attacked
the government post of Duk Fay
will, which is manned by a police
force.
Since the Egyptian parliament
was disbanded and elections sus-
penpended for three years unrest
has steadily grown in Egypt proper,
where students are reported to be
demonstrating in the cities. The
revolt in Irak and now on the lower
Nile threatens to spread to many of
the tribes.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
HAVE ONLY DONE
WHAT REICHSTAG
WANTED THEM TO
Warships to Cost Nine
Million Marks

BERLIN, Aug. 15.-The mass re-
sentiment of thousands of German
workers over the social democratic
connfving at the building of a new
German cruiser fleet as one Of the
firsts acts of their tenure of cabi-
net power, has forced the Mueller
government to attempt to evade
some of the onus for its stand.
In an official statement issued
yesterday the social democrats ex-
plain how their vote for the cruiser
fleet was not vote for the cruiser
fleet. The Reichstag had already
voted to construct the boats, the
statement reads, and the unanimous
cabinet sanction was merely to dis
cover whether or not the treasury
was in a position to stand the strain
of such heavy armament taxation.
The vote was undertaken at the re-
quest of the Federal Council, the
dominique states.
In spite of the poor shape in which
the government finances now find
themselves, work on the cruisers is
reported to be going ahead. The So
cial democrat slogan, "Child feeding
but no warships" is being shouted
in derision through the streets of
Berlin and in front of the social
democratic headquarters.
1t is estimated that to build the
new cruisers will cost the German
nation 100000 marks.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
Cost by
$4,000 Motor Buses in U. S. A.

The motor coach is even younger
than the motor truck. It's extensive
use began only about six years ago.
The extension and growth of motor
coaches is assuming ever greater
proportions. Sixty steam railroads
use buses directly or through sub
salaries. Electric railway COM
panies now use 1924 buses. There
were 52,017 miles of exclusively in
terstate lines and 100000 miles Of
common carrier bus roads in 1927.
(S.e diagram.)
Public support of motor buses for
rapid short haul transportation has
spread rapidly in New England.
Solid thin lines show bus routes in
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
Rhode Island and New York which
compete with New Haven Railroad.
maps filed as testimony before In
terstate Commerce Commission by
New York, New Haven and Hart
ford Railroad.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
CROAlS DECLARE
MUSSOLINI PACT
TO BE INVALID
Passed Without Votes
of Peasants

ZAGREB, Jugoslavia, Aug. 15.-
Although on the surface Croatia
generally seems to be calm as it
mourns the death of Stefan Raditch,
occasional outbreaks in the form of
demonstrations in the towns and the
outbursts of anger in newspapers
and speeches at the ratification of
the Nettuno convention with Italy
show something of the turmoil I'M
derneath.
Here at Zagreb newspapers and
spokesman for the Croatian Peasant
Party denounce the Belgrade parlia-
ment for it's passing of the Nettuno
pact and declare that the pact ap-
plies only to old Serbia, not to
Croatia, Dalmatia and Slovenia, who
have virtually declared their indie
pendence of the Jugoslav govern
ment. M. Pribitchevitch, leader of
the Democratic Peasant Party, in a
newspaper interview, said;
"The treaty is shameful. The
government killed a number of our
members and drove the rest from
parliament by inconsiderate conduct
toward the murderers. However
neither Nettuno ratification nor any
other vote taken by this rump par,
lament is binding on any other part
of Yugoslavia except old Serbia"
BELGRADE, Jugoslavia, Ag. Is
The parliament adjourned today
after passing the Nettuno pact BY
majority of one. The Serb agra
rian opposition and the Croatiar
t sympathizers here declare that the
/ pace is not valid, since it must have
5 q vote of two-thirds of the entir,
representation and the pact wal
: railroaded through after the entir'
opposition had left the parliament
) that has for it's aim the interests o
5 the working class. 1t is the duty o
D the textile workers, the speaker said
;. to support the Workers Communist
0 Party ticket in the election campaign
e to help put the Party on the ballo
e by securing signatures, and to joil
o the Party, so that in quality an
numerical strength it may be abb
i to perform its historic mission
g which is to lead the exploited masse
: in the United States, in mill and i
mine, in agriculture and in industry
S in the struggle to conquer thei
n rightful inheritance from the capi
a talist highwaymen who now illegal
s hold it by force thru the capitals
Y government.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
FORCE PEONAGE
ON NICARAGUAN
REFUGEES AGAIN
Marines Herd Refu
gees Out of Honduras

MANAGUA, Nicaragua, Aug. IS.
The forced return to Nicaragua Of
hundreds of men, women and chill
dren who had fled before the bru-
tally of the American marines and
the binding of these unfortunates to
q peonage more terrible than any
they have yet known is contem-
plated in a plan which the Ameri-
can military authorities have worked
out and are effecting in Honduras
at present.
Many of the refugees are victims
of the bombing by American air
planes of the village of Chinandega
during the marine invasion of the
Nueva Segovia district during the
campaign against the army of indie
pendence under General August
SANDING.
1t is estimated that there are vir-
tually thousands of starving Mica
raguans, many of them orphans
homeless in Honduras as a result of
the American invasion. -
The intention of the American
military Authorities is understood
here to bring these refugees back to
Nicaragua where they will be
farmed out as on terms of stringent
peonage to coffee, banana and cocoa
plantation owners against whose
servitude many of them originally
revolted and joined General San
dino's forces.
The exact number of the Anneri-,
can marine forces now on Honduran
soil is not known, but estimates
place them from a score to more
than a hundred.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
ocus Explain How Vote for Cruisers Is Not Vote for Cruisers
Doubt LOewenstein
Murdered by Poison

BoULOGNE-S UR-MER, Aug. Is
(UP).-Doubt was expressed in
judicial circles today that the coro-
ner's court void find enough evil
dence to justify an official investi-
cation of the statement that Alfred
Loewenstein was murdered by
poison.
1t was pointed out that the Bel
gian bankers relatives had admit
ted that he used purgatives and di-
gestion powders which easily could
have been the toxic matter" that
DIR. Paul reported finding in the in
testines.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16

ing are being used to do little be-
sides stand around the struck de-
partments, and 8, to give the
other men the impression that work
is being produced. The only opera
ton undertaken by the scabs, how
ever, resulted in serious injury to.
one of their number when he was
struck by a bar.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16

The basic wage made effective
July /, 1928, throughout Western
Australia, was fixed by the arbitra-
ton court in that state as S21 for
male workers and $13.75 for fe-
males. This scale Is to continue In
force for one year.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16

Six Hundred members of the
Panama Chauffeurs' Union have
petitioned the mayor Of Panama
City to reconsider his order that
each applicant for chauffeur's
license shall deposit 500 In cash or
. mortgage bond In that amount.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-08-16
G. O. P. POLITICIAN DEAD.

(UP).-George X. Morris, chair
man of the republican state COM
mittee, died of a celebral hemmor-
hage today in his room at the Drake
Hotel in Park Ave.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30

Continued from Fifth Page)
from July to Z, 1928, the comments
received were carefully considered and
the tentative ordinance and accompany
ing report revised in final form.
The requests received for copies Of
the model ordinance indicate that
hundreds of communities in all parts
of the country are now contemplating
revision of their traffic ordinances and
desire to do so on basis of nation
wide uniformity
In harmony with the work of this
committee, the American Engineering
Council, through a national committee
and with the cooperation of engineers
of more than 100 of the larger cities in
the country, has undertaken for the
national conference a thorough study
of signals, signs and pavement mark
lngS, with view to proposing stand
ards for these aids to traffic control
In industry operating results sooner
or later become evident on the balance
sheet, but progressive concerns antici-
pate these results through their operat-
ing reports and cost accounting. Rela-
lively few communities, however have
advanced to the stage of having
| systematic traffic surveys or adequate
work
las suggestion to this end, the re-
port containing the model municipal
traffic ordinance includes two rro-
posed supplementary ordinances-(a)
to create a municipal traffic commits
sion (b) to create a bureau or division
Of traffic engineering.
"A number Of the organizations
making up the National Conference on
Street and Highway Safety have indi-
Gated their desire to participate &C
lively in an effort to secure the adop-
ton Of the uniform code, model ordi-
nance and the other conference recon-
mendations 1t is the hope that as a
result of cooperative effort of business
men, city and State officials and others,
automobile driving may be simplified,
the present confusion due to lack of
uniformity eliminated, and a decided
step taken toward reducing the annual
toll c. deaths and personal injuries re-
sulttng from automobile operation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30
INSURANCE MEETING
IS CALLED BY A. A. A.
Auto Club Leaders to Formulate
Attitude on Compulsory Liza
bility Protection.

Countrywide agitation over the CUES
ton of compulsory automobile liability
insurance has prompted the American
Automobile Association to call a confer
ence for the purpose of submitting mo-
tordom'S views on the matter to the
forthcoming State Legislatures.
This statement was issued by national
headquarters today along with the an
nouncement that motor club leaders
who have been studying the problem
VIII meet in Washington Friday to for
mulate definite recommendations.
The American Automobile Associa-
ton, through its 1,065 affiliated motor
clubs located in every State in the
Union, has been studying the sentiment
in regard to this form of insurance and
has been in constant touch with mem
bers Of State Legislatures on the sub
ject, many of whom have sought the
advice of tie A. A. A. in analysing the
situation and developing adequate rem
edies to meet the growing toll of acct
dents. At the same time, a survey has
been made of its operation abroad
where compulsory insurance has been in
effect many years.
At the recent convention of the
A. A. A. in Cincinnati a committee was
named to study every phase Of the ques-
ton. including financial responsibility.
and to draft, if possible, a model law
for the guidance of State motor asso-
Citations and clubs in solving the prob
lens out of which the agitation in some
sections for this form of insurance has
grown.
The work of this committee will be
carefully studied at the forthcoming
session in Washington and an effort
made to make definite recommendations
as to the attitude of the car owners of
the Nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30
A. A. A. COMMENDED.
FOR SAFETY DRIVE.
Dr.. Tigert Points to Educa-
ton as Foe of Motor
Mishaps.

National safety can be brought
about primarily through education"
declared DR.. John j. Tigert, former
commissioner of education, in a letter
to the American Automobile ASsoci-
alton. Just prior to his retirement from
his post with the department of educa-
ton.
DR.. Tigert's letter, commencing the
A. A. A. for its humanitarian efforts
to reduce the toll of death and injury
to the children attending the schools
of the Nation" was one of his final
acts before leaving for his new post as
president of the University of Florida.
Commenting upon the former COM
missioner's message, Thomas P. Henry,
president of the A. A. A., pointed out
that safety education in the schools
has long been goal of organized
motordom.
Boy Patrols Praised.
Mr.. Henry said that the schoolboy
patrols, which have won commentator
in all parts of the country, were spon-
sored by the A. A. A. as a means Of
saving the lives of the millions of chill
he continued. can be materially
strengthened if the rudiments of safety
are instilled into the minds of the
young. Only through proper training
can they be made Safety-minded. II
the life of single child is saved the
whole cause of safety will be one of
beneficial results"
The president of the national motor
ing body pointed out that teaching of
safety or traffic regulations in the pub
lie schools is required in seven States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30
i. s. MOTOR CARS
POPULAR ABROAD
One of Every Ten Produce
Here Is Shipped to For
eign Country.

One of every ten motor cars pl
duced in the United States in the fl
half Of this year was shipped to
foreign country. according to B. +
Cram. president of Grams Automotiv-
Reports, Inc. This compares witt,
slightly less than car of II car.
manufactured. exported in the cor
responding months of last year.
these figures do not include thos
GERS. the parts Of which were fabri-
Gated in this country but which wer
assembled abroad When these arr
taken into consideration the foreign
business of the automobile industry i
shown to assume even greater proper :
lions than these figures indicate.
In every month, with two exceptions
January and April the expectations
finished cars were c'"ster this year, II
both actual units 9ni in the percentag
of the total months production, than
they were last year.
Figures on Expectations.
The following figures give the month
~ production of finished cars in tn
United States for the first half of thi
year and last vear. the monthly eS
ports and the percentage that the lat
ter bear to the former:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30
BY Beck

man remarked that there was more
"de-touring" than touring. At that
time he was undoubtedly right--for
then detours were established helter-
SHELTER and the dilly-dallying of high
way builders prolonged the agony
But today, the detour is usually a
fairly we'll kept roadway and travel is
directed over it for as short time as
possible. Road builders now accomplish
as much in week as they did in a
month 10 years ago and this means
that paved highways are being thrown
open to traffic much earlier.
Road builders have adopted strik-
ing method of road construction for
which the motoring public may be
thankful This is half-at-a- time con-
struction, wherein one-half of pave
ment is laid while traf1c continues
travelling over the other portion. When
the first strip of pavement is laid traffic
is moved over to the pavement and
the gigantic paving mixer then travels
down the other lane, leaving trail of
concrete flush with the strip in use.
This is, of course, not always practi-
cable.
May Be Neglecting Roads.
community without detours is
either community with enough good
roads, rara avis, or else that COM
munity Is neglecting its roads.
Even at that. the detour is certainly
no worse than the roadways over which
travel in buckboards was current few
years ago If the detour Is bit rough,
the only thing to do is to be Pollyanish
about 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-30
DETOURS ARE SIGNS.
Of ROAD PROGRESS.
Motorists Compelled to Trav-
ell Over $4,000 Miles
This Year.

Detours, like mothers-in-law. are
grossly maligned. The detour, though
a sure sign that an effort is being made
to provide smooth and economical travel
conditions for the motorist, according
to E. E. Duffy, highway educational
writer
Considering the attitude the average
motorist possesses toward the detour,
probably no set of figures would be
more depressing to him than those
showing detour mileages. Be that as it
may, in 1923 motorists are being COM
PEELED to travel 1000 miles over i'm
provised roads because of high type
pavement construction. and 8,0no miles
because of other road construction and
bridge installations.
A few years ago a facetious gentle