Evening star., 1928-03-20
BACKGROUND OF EVENTS
BY PAUL Y. COLLINS.

rendered. and the whole hemisphere
would be involved in the complications
of European leagues and balances of
power.
In his recent New York speech Sec
retary kellogg made emphatic declara-
ton that this Nation would never enter
into any military alliance requiring
America 10 Join other nations in vag-
ing war not defensive of our own
rights and interests. In that he was
referring to the League Of Nations.
which pledges all its member nations 70
Join against any nation adJudged 20 be
the "aggressor" in a war. And the
League Of Nations would decide when {
nation became an aggresSor.
As further demonstration that al
that is important in maintaining the
peace of the world-or at least O.
America-lies in the will 70 peace" ami
nothing substantial Is embodied sithe:
in crippling our own national defense.
it Is noted that even the six great
powers OF the League OF Nations are
now inclined TO concede the Kellogg
attitude as most effective. A Geneva
dispatch says:
1T is announced that the kellogg
NAtfl
and according 10 q formula yet 70 be
worked out. will probably prove ac-
ceptable 10 the States who are members
Of the League OF Nations, without
thwsrting their obligations 10 the
League"
What is meant by according 70 a
formula yet to be worked out? Has
the League OF Nations SO little OF the
will to peace" that it must main
tain the right TO combine in making
world war when il 50 decides as nsceS-
Sary TO world peace The famous
declaration OF Pat that he would have
peace II he had TO fight for it" seems
TO b. repeated.
For example" says the Geneva dis
patch. "one can imagine = formula
which would bind the contractantS until
the pact was broken by one Of them.
whereupon everybody would be re-
leased. Doubtless such solution
would not possess great practical value
for security. but 1t would conserve the
moral character OF the kell0gx
projects" In the language OF the
Orient 1t would save hlS face"
The question returns, then. as 20 what
is meant by aggression" and what Is
10 be understood by sn act breaking
the peace. Mobilization Of the Russian
army is given by the defenders ot the
German Empire rs au act OF war. IN
1914. although the Russians had nct
treSpaSSed upon Germany nor fired 4
shot
PertinaN the leading political writer
OF France, thinks that the Unite<.
States will oe embarrassed If Nj. BRAND
suggests that every country be allowed
~ YhsN - h.N
stead OF only the six great powers. aS
proposed by Secretary kellogg, for Ne
eonStrues thas as meaning that thc
Latin American States would he there
BY given tne means Of asserting their
position extensively, with inspanity."
Secretary Kellogg in his New York
speech. made II very clear that he is
not dreaming og the fmprScttcahlS in
organizing for world peace lie de-
elared; War cannot he abolished BY a
mere declaration IN the preamble Of a
treaty" Especially would this b.
folly" ne added, III the preamble limit
the war te 'aggreSSiVe wars
The famous Bryan treaties te anNltSh
war. Ii must De recalled were con.
Summated In l9lA-}uSt before the out
break ef the NEST terrible war in tae
worlds history
Secretary kelloSg asserts that Sve.-
tratloo cannot cover all queStscyS at
dispute between nations No nass,,n
can consent to refer questions, ce us,Fy>.
" domestic policies to fcrctSu aYes,
uatkon, however neutral HE said
a political question eaNssog X asese
ttated because there Is No saW ev WakCG
IL can ee aeesdy<i, unless shTre aye
tfeAN pfoVISiCsAS requiring S<anStYsst-
tion, NJ natsln can asgvv a. AgnNsatc
purely domestic questions ls&S tstf}st
taNatloh oE Immigration !,
seems t0 me thar We nsslSt Waitse gNat
~ long Is the WuEla N SOsnsN~SN e
separate, sovereign nations. oUly t&>Ne
Questions eAn ee properly submitted 81
areitratlon which eSing asSgsetAAle ~
theig nature are SttSeeptiese az deteyr
nsnatlen by the SppltcAt{aA 1T reCSSS-
hlaed rules et law OF equity ="
kut, until all nattyNas surrender thetr
individual saVeEelgnty Ia Ss9as NcEli
peWer ptttstng al peonseS uysNa &hs
same leNel, regardless at thetf at8ef~
enceS IN eSitscatian and sSieakS eg alStsce,
there will mot exist International kaw.
Saeh As Mir kelloes contends il ths
ptlale reQuIsste ok untSegNAl SegtlenaSnlS
ny International universal AtAStratNA
81 even domestic 2ssaSelAIlS. TIE Ieaskss
M Nations has Celne ne neageF a sela-
ttnA VI world paAce than ga terra All
alliance inyosvhlg wogld War against an
'aAgrcNssAeN With no Authoritative der
ntsAoN M an sAgsge~seT
tCeeSTlsAt Ices e0 nAal Y. EsaaAatA