davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06
PLACECOTTON
AT Is BALE
Boyd Estimates Blight
Damage, Reporting
Spotted Fields
Especial to The Herald)


SAN BENITO, July 6.-One-third
Of a bale to the acre was the esti-
mate placed on the Valley cotton crop
today by H. P. Boyd. manager OF the
Valley Gin company.
Mr.. Boyd made the estimate in fur
nishing information to j. Z. Bell,
manager of the San Benito Chamber
of Commerce, who has received a
communication from George B. Ter
rell, state commissioner Of agricul-
ture, asking for details on the crop,
and the estimated damage from the
blight.
Other general information furnish
ed by Mr.. Boyd on the cotton crop is
that the blight is spotted over the
Valley, appearing very badly in some
fields, and scarcely at all in others,
IL is spotted both in the Valley and
in the individual fields, he said. He
said that as a whole it has done much
less damage in Cameron than in Hi
dalgo county.
An appeal TO the state commission
er of agriculture TO get behind a
move for a law making il compulsory
for cotton fields to be cleaned up was
made by Mr.. Boyd.
"A large part Of the present dam
age from the blight can be tracted to
the old cotton stalks" he said. Sex
perience has shown that il il worse
in the vicinity Of old voluntary. or
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06

which has been secured by the COM
pany to be developed as a citrus
project.
Surveys for the highway and canal
system have been practically com
pleted BY "A. r. Anderson, Browns
willie engineer, and specifications
for the construction OF the highway
and bridges over the resacas are he
ing prepared. The company has an
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06
DISEASE GERM
HITS COTTON;
IS NOT new
Agricultural Teacher
Says Disease Can Be
Halted; Quotes 9th
er Authorities

The disease attacking cotton in the
Rio Grande Valley and other sections
OF south Texas is not a new disease
but Is simply more pronounced than
IN past years, according to Paul
Cowan, instructor in vocational agri-
culture in the Donna public schools.
To substantiate this statement,
Cowan has given an explanation and
cause Of the disease and has suggest
ed remedies which are designed TO
lead to its control.
A written article prepared by
Cowan relative TO the blight" fol-
lows:
Considerable discussion concern
ing the disease attacking cotton in
the Grande Valley and other sections
of South Texas seem to have an air
Of mystery. This disease is not a
new n by any means but is simply
more pronounced than during most
seasons. DR.. j. j. Taubenhaus Of the
Texas Experiment station has just
returned from Robstown and states
that the disease is Angular Leaf Spot
and that the infection is fully Is per
cent. IL is also known as Bacterial
Blight or Black arm. Some people
Gale IL rust" but IL is not a rust
at all but a bacterial disease. DIR.
Taubenhaus states that at Corpus
the disease seems 10 have reached
its peak and that the dry weather
has checked its spread. The follow
ing description of the disease is TAX
en from an Arkansas bulletin, Di-
seases OF Cotton in Arkansas.
Angulaor Leaf Spot
The disease which is most gener-
ally distributed in the state and
which in some seasons does more in
jury than any other is the Angular
Leaf Spot. The disease is often call
ed Rust" but the term is not de-
scriptive. Angular leaf spots de-
scribes il much better. The disease
appears in the spring as soon as the
plants come out Of the ground and
may then be seen on the seed leaves
as circular spots which have the ap-
pearance Of having been water
soaked. On the later leaves it is al
ways in the form Of sharp cornered
spots bounded by leaf veinlets. The
spots appear first on the lower side
of the leaf and then penetrate TO the
upper side. In the early stage they
appear as dark green woter-oaked
spots. Later. this diseased tissue
turns dark brown. Badly spotted
leaves usually fall early.
DARK streaks due to the disease
may appear on the stems and
branches. This phase Of the disease
is known as BLACK arm"
"On the hollis the disease appears
as dark green water-soaked, raised
circular spots, which may become
dark brown and sunken in the center,
especially when invaded by secondary
rots.
infections on the squares often
run down q the base of the boil
which may become infected and killed
especially IL the boil is small. Bolls
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06

year old cotton, than in other sec
tons, and Of course the weevil is
worse in such sections.
"In order to protect the grower
who has enough energy and foresight
to clean his field Of stalks at the end
or the season, q law should be passed
requiring all growers to do this"
The estimate Of one-third Of a bale
10 the acre on cotton c the entire
Valley places the yield at what is
considered a fairly satisfactory mark.
The exact acreage of cotton in the
Valley is not known, although il is
believed that this yield will bring q
total Of more than 100000 bales Of
cotton.
Mr.. Boyd laughed at the report that
100, 900 cotton pickers are needed In
addition to the pickers already In the
Valley. "Why, that many p:ckers
would clean out the Valley crop in a
day," he said laughingly. He ex-
pressed the opinion that only a few
more pickers are needed in the VAL
lev besides those already here, and
the natural drift of pickers to this
section at the opening of n cotton
season.
Mr.. Boyd also mentioned the fact
that pickers are being offered $l.0O
per hundred in many sections.
EDINBURG. July 8. $50 Cotton
throughout the Lower Rio Grande
Valley is more nearly free from the
drought blight which threatened the
crop for the past few weeks than Is
generally believed and a conservative
estimate of production for 1928 would
be $4,000 bales. according TO 2. L.
Cisco, Edinburg farmer, who has Just
returned from an extensive tour OF
cotton acreage in this section Of the
state.
The blight had begun to affect
large acreages in the extreme north
ern section OF the Valley. The d.
sease re~sembled the drought blight
but little credence was given this
theory due to the fact that heavy
rains had fallen during the weeks
previous to the appearance Of the
disease.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06

nounced that the highway will be
paved within a year.
Plans for dredging the resaca
which runs through the center Of
the tract are also being prepared.
According To the development plans
a community center will be located
on the resaca and practically the
entire length Of the resaca on the
acreage dredged and beautified.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06
Company Plans
Construction OF
Lateral Highway

Contracts will be awarded next
week by the Southwest Development
Corporation for the grading Of 2
highway beginning al a point or
Highway No. IL about a mile cast ~
Barreda to the military road. 2 dis
lance OF six miles. The highway
will connect with the military road
at a point about nine miles west OF
Brownsville.
The new highway will run through
the center of the i70O-scrc tract. for-
merly belonging 10 Antonio Barreda.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06
Sprinkler System
Being lns talled
In Edinburg Park
lSnecial 10 The Heraldl

iSpcCidl TO me ISiditl
EDINBURG, July Ga sprinkler
system for the courthouse lawn II
being installed. bitches for the main
feeder pipes having been finished
Friday, according to r. II. Gill, local
contractor in charge Of the work.
The system will comprise ap-
proximately 1000 invisible sprink-
iers. spaced at intervals Of is feet
about the lawn. They will be oper-
ated by Is different controls so that
a whole, part or any portion may be
watered at one time.
Gill has estimated that the work
will be completed within 80 days.
The spray for the %sprinklers viii
overlap. providing an abundance Of
moisture for the grass and SHRUB
berry about the lawns.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1928-07-06

are often infected at the base under
meath the bracts without showing the
infection elsewhere"
1t is this phase of the disease that
has been causing many squares and
bolls to drop during the past month.
Cause
"The Angular Leaf Spot is a bac-
terisl disease caused by the organism
Basterium Malvaceaum-E. r. Smith.
1t lives over the winter probably
most entirely on the short lint on
cotton seed and infects the plant as
soon as it starts growing in the
spring. During wet weather great
numbers of the organisms exude from
the diseased spots and are carried
by wind and rain to other plants. In
sects, especially aphids, spread the
distase by carrying the organisms
from diseased to healthy plants and
leaves"
Control
"The disease is checked by dry
weather which prevents the spread OF
infection. Rolls and Faul Wetter
have shown that the disease may be
controlled by delinting the seeds
with sulphuric acid before plant
ing"
Selection Of seeds from disease free
fields is also given as a preventative
Of this disease.
1T is entirely possible that the Sc
verify OF the disease this year has
been due TO the fact that many plants
lived over the winter without being
killed and that there was a double in
lection from this source and from
the seeds. The winds during May and
early June were instrumental IN
spreading the disease over large
areas and consequently the damage
has been much greater than in years
with ordinary weather conditions"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
BY FRANCIS d. CONAN.

ABOARD BARKENTINE CITY OF
NEW YORK (By wireless) During the
last six weeks since leaving Panama the
City of New York, having previously
been put into shipshape condition, OPP
portunity has been seized for the active
establishment of an expeditionary school
giving instructions in various fields con-
nected with polar exploration. Hence,
despite the failure of the usually de-
pendable trade winds making what
might have been tediously slow voy-
age, the crew has been kept interested
and occupied by the acquisition of ex-
tremely valuable information and train
ing.
We read that Comdr. Byrd has or
ganized the present EXPEDITION, not as
a mere dash to the South Pole, but as
well based scientific attempt to wreSt
from the Antarctic the solution of many
important problems. AS leader, he has
emphasized that in order to make polar
research less hazardous and less dila-
tory, education of the rank and file of
the expedition is essential, and that no
man should be included who had not
wide interest and a capacity for taking
up Others work.
He had lmbued all of us with the
idea that in polar research as in all
other creditable scientific work, con-
slant, accurate and detailed observa-
tions is the essence of success. He
recognizes that results of permanent
value cannot be acquired with unframed
men, no matter how willing, how quail
fed their own judgment, how hardy or
how well organized for covering ground.
Success and the very lives of fellow
members may depend on the f1rst-hand
knowledge of each man.
On this basis with every member an
enthusiast at the outset and willing to
put his special information at the dis
poSal of all the eXpeditionary school will
undoubtedly be continued among the
other groups at Comdr. Byrd's base on
the great ice barrier.
Pupils Become Proficient.
Capt. Frederick C. Melville of many
years experience in deep water navi-
CATION was the first to offer his services
in the formal Inauguration of the kchool.
His efforts have shown commendable
results in the proficiency of his pupils,
especially in the navigation class, which
meets three times daily. Capt. Melville
also is giving courses in astronomy and
weekly lectures in Seamanship. Practi-
splicing, ETC., are taught by Chief Officer
c. j. McGuinness.
Lectures on polar living conditions,
hunting, the significance Of various
types of ice formation, ice plotting, the
Ofl1cer Sverre Strom, Bosun Hendrick
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
DIETITIAN DISCLOSES CAUSE
OF MANY ILLS LIES IN FOOD
DR.. Walker Reports Study of $50 Families
Shows Practically All Fail
to Eat Right.

traced to the widespread deficiency of
the same dietary element.
Among children in public institutions.
he told the dieticians. he found that,
while they get enough of the carbo-
hydrates, chiefly white bread and pota-
'oes. not to be hungry, none he had
,een able to investigate has received
ne variety and kinds of food necessary
OF normal growth and future health.
They could be fed properly, he esti-
mated, on 1926 cents day at whole
sale prices.
Child Needs Quart Of Milk.
For the average growing child, living
at home, he calculated, a minimum ex-
penditure of 5731 cents a day. at retail
prices, is necessary, and for their par
ents and grown-up brothers and sisters,
44.58 cents. The difference is largely
accounted for by the fact that the child
needs at least quart of milk, rich in
animal proteinS, calcium and phoS-
phorus, every day, while pint will do
for the adults.
DIR. Walker based his conclusions on
analysis of the foods actually consumed
during weekly or longer periods by
white and colored families in the light
of the most advanced dietary knowl-
edge. OF 800 family food accounts, rep
resenting a daily individual expenditure
around As cents, all showed deficiencies
of one kind or another. he said, which
could easily be corrected without adding
to the cost. State agencies capable of
giving such advice, he suggested, would
fill an important public need.
The general deficiency in fiber con-
sumption, contributing to a number OF
human ailments, he thought, was re-
suit of the tendency to pass up the
coarse foods, raw and cooked. in favor
of the more attractive, highly refined
products from which most if not all of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
u. S. DEBT SHOWS
GAIN OF $17O,O]O,O()O
October Increase Said to Be
Due to Liberty Loan
Manipulations.
Nv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The national debt increased by about
s17O 100000 during October, but the
daily Treasury statement of conditions
as of october 81 issued today showed
the increase was due largely to man
ipulations Of the debt in connection
with the retirement Of Liberty loan
bonds.
The actual debt was s17,544,145,s3o
as compared with $17,367, 350,7S8 on
September 80 and $1S,36S, 491 GIL on
October 81, 1927.
Liberty bond retirements have been
very heavy during the months preced-
ing october in the Governments fiscal
year. AS a result, although receipts
of cash in Government taxes have
been on the increase during the month,
the situation has resulted in an in
crease of the debt, but 1t was expected
at the Treasury that with the Deem
Der income tax payments the decline
in the debt total, which has continued
since 1919, when the war expenditures
brought it to the peak of $685., 701 ,648
will resume.
The principal items of revenue for
October, as shown in the same state
ment, indicated that the Government
was experiencing steady expansion
in its regular receipts. october Gus
toms revenue amounted to $50, TAI 600,
against $56.616,0O0 In the same month
last year, while miscellaneous internal
revenue receipts for the same period
were SITS, 900. against $40 1884, O0
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
b. the Associated Press.

BIZ the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, Md, November o.
Disclosing facts which he believes may
account for much that is wrong with
the world, Dr. George Walker, Balti-
more physician and research worker
today laid before the American Dietetic
Association the initial results of a study
of the eating habits of $50 families,
ranging from the very poor to the very
rich.
His investigation, growing out of an
interest in the welfare of orphans, the
insane and other inmates of public
institutions in Maryland and elsewhere,
he said has brought to light a number
of significant deficiencies in the every
day diets of people in general.
Practically all of those he has
studied. he said, whether they average
only cents day for each individual
or $195, consume too little of the es-
sential minerals, too much of the vege-
table and too little of the animal
proteins, less than half their require
ments in the way of non-digeStible
fibrous or cellulose material, and prob
ably only 20 per cent as much as they
need of raw foods containing the very
important but little understood vita
min C.
Known as Cause Of Scurvy.
The absence of that vitamin, which
is virtually destroyed by cooking in all
vegetables except tomatoes and pota-
toes and is reduced in them, Is known
to cause ScurVy. While this disease of
the capillary blood vessels, smaller ar
teries and veins, is rare in its recog-
nized form except among isolated
sailors, soldiers and explorers, DR..
Walker said he believed that many of
the disorders which appear in the gums.
the teeth, the upper part of the in
testinal tract and the bones could be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02

the "roughage" has been removed. The
lack of the bodybuilding element Of
iron in 40 per cent of the food accounts
analysed, however appeared to be more
closely associated with economic con-
siderations. as almost any generous diet
will contain a suf1ciency of this min
eral.
Short on Calcium.
Shortages of the other two most nee
essary minerals, calcium and Pics
phorus, were even more pronounced In
"a per cent of all of the diets, accounting
among other things, he said, for the
prevalence of ricketts,. the proportion Of
calcium containing vegetables and milk
was below normal, while So per cent
we're deficient in phosphorus, essential
to the growth and health of the nerves
and bones, which also is chiefly obtain
able from milk.
Low milk consumption also figured
in the unbalanced distribution of AMI
NAL and vegetable proteins, so per cent
of which, Dr. Walker said, should come
from foods of animal origin because of
the scarcity in vegetables of two Of the
five very complex, indispensable amino
acids which make up these elements Of
diet.
AS between the upper and lower eco
nomic levels represented in his inveSti-
cation, he found sharp contrast in
the consumption of carbohydrates and
fats. Below the so per cent level the
consumption of white bread and po-
tatoes became progressively excessive
and that of bacon, butter and lard pro-
gressively deficient, while above it the
opposite was true. He was inclined to
blame the latter condition on the fash
ion for slenderness and the erroneous
notion that StarcheS and sugars are
solely responsible for excess weight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
REFLECTS GRAHAM
COUNCIL Chairman.
Community Center Group
Holds Annual Autumn Meet
ing; Mrs. Wiley Honored.

Edwin c. Graham was reelected
chairman and Mrs. Harvey w. Wiley
vice chairman of the Community Cen
ter Council of the District of Columbia
at the. annual Autumn meeting last
night at the Franklin Administration
Building Mrs Gabrielle Pelham was
elected secretary. The council is the
advisory body on the activities of the
Community Center Department OF
which Miss Sibyl Baker is director.
A new center has been established at
Garfield and the name of the former
E. " Brown Center has been changed
to Chevy Chase Center. Two new COM
munity secretaries have been added to
the rolls Of the department, Mrs. F. K.
ESpenschied to. serve at Chevy Chase
and Miss Loretta Murphy to serve at
Park View Center, vice Miss Maud
Burklin, resigned.
The program for this Winter as an
nounced by the director and approved
by the council will serve 81 different
teams in gymnasium work each week.
The estimated budget for athletic work
was discussed, emphasis being laid on
the need of additional janitor AMI
supervision service.
Meetings Announced.
The director announced that to date
$50 meetings of citizens associations
have been scheduled for the current
year from October / to May 81. with
more applications constantly coming in.
The council approved the Community
Institute program for the coming year,
as well as a new program of service in
opening the studios at Central and
Thomson Centers for various types of
art work. The proposed new Commu-
nifty Drama Guild was also approved.
It was recommended that District nf
Columbia Miniature Aircraft League he
promoted to take the place of the Dis
trict of Columbia miniature aircraft
tournament, offering constant aid and
assistance to boys of the city and to
groups interested in the development OF
miniature aircraft building.
Agree on Permits.
It was agreed that in. order to use or
meet in a school building all organiza-
lions must receive an annual permit"
from the community center department.
The council voted that the director
be authorized to go forward with plans
for the annual lighting of the commu-
nifty Christmas tree in Sherman Square,
and to obtain cooperation of neighbor-
hood groups which will have trees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-02
BYRD'S CREW GOING TO SCHOOL
ABOARD SHIP IN POLAR SEARCH
Courses Given In Radio. Cooking, OBJ
serving Weather, Singing and Other
Subjects Make Time Fly.

Johansen and by Chris Braathen, all of
whom have spent many years in the
Arctic.
The special conditions to be met with
in the Ross Sea were discussed by Carl
Petersen out of his large experience in
Antarctic waters with both English and
Norwegian whalerS. Petersen, one of
the expeditions most valuable assets,
being an extremely proficient radio OPP
orator, has been selected to continue to
New Zealand on the Eleanor Boiling in
order to expedite radio work that must
be completed. For the next few weeks
we will miss him.
Course in Radio Given
A course in radio transmission is be-
ing given by Ensign Lloyd v. Berkner,
U. S. N. r. radio engineer of the
Bureau Of Standards He is assisted
in special course in aviation radio
by Lloyd K. Grenlie of the Naval Re-
search Laboratory and former radio
officer on the Byrd Arctic expedition.
Practically every member on board ship
is able at present to send and receive
code in some form or other thanks to
the course given by the radio officers,
assisted by Dick Konter, former &C. P,
o. in the Navy. 1t is expected that
when Mason, on the Eleanor Boiling,
joins us at Tahiti he will assist in Civ
ing instructions in the erection and
use of the dog-sled radio outfits.
Lectures on weather prognostication,
including observation and Interpretation
of meteorological data, are given by
Henry Harrison, lately connected with
the weather bureau at Hadley Field.
The problem of terrestrial magnetism
and atmospheric electricity at high
ATTITUDES are treated by Frank Davies of
the department of physics of McGill
University. Davies also is giving instruc-
ton in the use of the sonic depth