davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-05-27
BY SIGNORINA GABRIELLA
ARMEII.lNI.

Director of the Royal ohseEv atory OF Rome
From time to time spots are visible
on the sun. and they are sometimes SO
large as to be seen by the naked eye,
with the help, of course. Of smoked
glass When examined through power
ful telescopes these spots appear as
holes or assures In the luminous sur
face.
Statistics have shown that the suns
surface appears to have the largest
number of spots once IN every II years,
after which period gradual decrease
In the number frequency and size OF
the spots Is noted AT present the spots
are almost at their maximum,
IL has now been aseertalned at the
Astronomical Observatory of Rome, sit
uated on the Capitol, that the diameter
" the sun varies In proportion N'sh
the number and frequency OF the " IS,
The work OF aScertainlne thS tact
has been long and ditficult, because the
variations are slight and take place
over long periods. Thus, before the
theory could be formulated several Pc
riods OF II wears had to elapse, handing
ON the result of their Investigations as
u legacy to those who were 60 come
after them, Every day, at midday, Tor
the last 80 years tand moFel, on clear
days, the suns diameter Is measured In
the ronan Observatory by throwing
the OF the sun onto a white
seres trough an astronomical tele-
scope, uaieh reproduees the image with
diameter OF about | meter,
Measurements Ae na,yxs osa M
sneAsw ef = NETWORK of thin eNlsNehS,
and IN order % insure perfect accuracy
are taken separately by three different
Evening star., 1928-05-27

tentate without power, When Luther
came Germany was conglomera-
tion of nearly 800 little states, each
with its ruling family. and united only
by common subordination to the seven
electors who had gradually uSurped the
authority once held by the Emperor
whom they chose.
Jealous of Church Power.
AS these nations grew to political
self consciousness they fretted more
and more under the domination of the
church First of all they disliked the
church because 1t was a state within
a state. with its own courts and laws.
In which the enemies of the state
could find refuge in defeat. They
looked with suspicion and envy upon
the wealth of the church. which owned
one-third of the land il Europe, and
had in its churches and monasteries
and papal Golfers riches beyond those
of all Of these northern states COM
bined. They suffered from the power
of the interdict assumed by the Pope,
by which he could release subjects from
allegiance to their King, and so subject
him to the church's will; In 1911, for
example. Julius II communicated the
King and Queen of Naples. and offered
their kingdom to any one who cared
Evening star., 1928-05-27
The Story of Civilization 'r ~:r sS :~
BY WILL DURANT, Phi. D.,

immortality and worldliness might have
been tolerable had 1t not been so ex-
pensive; 1t was the high cost of re-
ligion that stirred the north to reVo-
luton.
Dawn of New Doubt.
Like every great dawn, 1t had its
chanteclers. In ITO Peter Waldo, q
rich merchant of Lyon, abandoned his
wealth, preached to the people a re-
turn to poverty and simplicity of Christ.
and denounced the luxury and venality
of the clergy; in 1909 his followers
were massacred at the instigation OF
Pope Innocent III: in 1487 their final
remnant was put to the sword by King
Charles VIII of France at the behest
of Pope Innocent VIII. whats in a
name?) In 1877 John Wycliff, a priest
and teacher in Oxford called the Pope
Antichrst, demanded that the church
be shorn of all temporal power and
translated the Bible into English that
his people might judge how Christian
the Catholic Church had become. John
of Lancaster protected him from mar
tyrdom; but some Of his followers (the
"Lollards') paid at the stake for the
error of taking Christianity seriously
In 14ll John Huss, rector of the Uni
versity of Prague. questioned the power
of the Pope to grant indulgences; he
was summoned to appear before the
Council OF Constance. and went thither
under safe conduct from the Emperor
The council burned him alive in the
public square, and then passed a resO-
luton that q safe-conduct to a hereto
or any pledge preiudicial to the Cath
olic faith, could not be considered
binding
1t was into this atmosphere Of cor.
ruption. treachery and :cbelliOn that
Erasmus came with his Vo.tairean pen
and fired the first great shot of the
religious revolution. He came from
Rotterdam, one Of those ports which
were making Holland second only tC
Italy (and later second to none) ir
commerce. learning and art. His rea
name was Gierard-ie. desirous. as II
to forecast his linutless ambition wher
he became the greatest scholar of hi;
age. his name was changed to Latir
form-Desiderius, as SwartZerde made
himself Melanchthon.
When he was boy the father died
and the executor, to cover his embeZZle.
ment of the bequest, sent the two son:
off to become monks. Peter yielded
and became a roue; young Erasmus
frail and fiery. resisted. even though
watched and starved like besiegec
city" The executor persuaded him t
enter q monastery as an experiment
and induced the monks to make life
sweet for him there till he had taker
the vows. The vows once taken, III
was permitted to see the monastic life
as 1t was.
Continued on Fifth Page)
Evening star., 1928-05-27
Spots ON Sun Declared to Affect
Size of Orb Over Il-Year Period

astronomers, each of whom repeats the
operation seven times.
The results of these observations.
Investigated. have enabled the fact to
he established that the diameter Of the
sun also varies In every period OF IL
years, but that the sun Is at It's greatest
diameter little before the greAteSt
number of spots appears. In other
words. when the sun Is fully covered
with spots It's diameter is smaller than
when Il Is free nom such spots.
AS previously stated, the spots appear
10 be holes ON the suns surface IL is
therefore maintained that In the ae-
Sence of spots, the gases which form IN
the interior Of the sun cannot fand an
exit, With the result that the diameter
increases
The spots then appear. ana through
them come the heated gases The lat
ter pent up In the interior. come yie~
lenuy To the surface. and very often
escape In the form Of luminous SPRINGS
which can be seen with y SpeetrCscepe,
The diameter of the sun then decreases,
subsequently the number ef the spots
also lessons, gases, having no exit, ae~
cunlulate in the interior and the diam-
eter once more increases,
The increase and the decrease are
very slight because the oscillation ot
the radius appears 10 be about TOO ktlo-
meters, a quantity which, at tho dis
tanee ot earth nom the sun, Is only per-
eeptihle with the NEST delicate astrc.
nNmieal apparatus,
The existence of these pulSationz hav-
ng new been aSeertainea. II Is possible
ta classify the sun among those stars
which are known aS ''pulSatlng stars,
nrecisely on account. OF their variability
fherefore all our PLANETARY vSteM is
conducted ey paleitating center Slrnl-
lar. rs u were, to a huge. heFy heart
Evening star., 1928-05-27

The Japanese forces at Tientsin have
been reinforced so as to total 4,500,
with nine airplanes.
X
Japan.-Dr Hideyo Noguchi, great
est of japanese scientists, one of the
greatest scientists of our day. and a
genuine hero. Is dead at 54. He died
at Accra. Gold Coast Colony, Africa. of
African yellow fever contracted in the
course of laboratory experiment being
conducted by himself In search OF the
relationship between African and South
American yellow fever. He solved the
problem, identifying the carrier OF the
germ Of African yellow fever. isolating
the latter, and finding 1t similar To the
South American yellow fever germ,
though. he declared. more deadly
He utilized his illness for a fur
ther contribution to science. On the
fifth day thereof he inoculated a
monkey with his infected blood. The
monkey died furnishing the important
demonstration of reaction to the disease
similar to that of man. I followed the
dispatches In stating that Dr. Noguchi
died of the disease. Perhaps he did not
die directly of 1t. but rather from after
effects" OF IT, He had thought himself
recovered, and attributed hts apparent
recovery to the fact that he had been
vaccinated against the South American
fever. Or. Noguchi made contributions
of the highest order TO meteorological
and medical science. with reference
especially to trachoma. infantile par
alysis. rabies. smallpox, jaundice, paresis
and locomotor ataxia. He was associ-
ated with DR.. Simon Flexner In isola-
ton of the germ Of infantile paralysis,
he isolated the germ Of trachoma. he
established the germal cause of paresis
and he produced several effective
serums. The conquest of yellow fever
In South and Central America is largely
due TO his efforts
He was born in Japan. received his
early education in' public schools and
from private tutors, graduated from
Toxic Med - Hllege at % and after
ward stuC. the University OF
Evening star., 1928-05-27

vent the occurrence of any such state
of affairs as may disturb that peace and
order or constitute a probable cause OF
disturbance.
Under these circumstances should
disturbances develop further in the di-
rection of Peking and Tientsin. and
the situation become so menacing as to
threaten peace and order In Manchuria,
the Japanese government possibly Will
be constrained to take appropriate ana
effective steps for the maintenance OF
peace and order in Manchuria.
1T must be noted, however. that the
policy of the japanese government.
which consists In maintaining an atti-
tude of strict neutrality toward the con-
tending forces, remains unchanged in
every respect. and that should the
course Of events be such as to render
the above e-mentioned measure impera-
tive, the Japanese government would
exercise due care to provide against
sny unfair consequences arising for
either of the two opposed parties"
There Is. OF course. infinite specula-
ton as to Japan's ulterior motives and
intenSions. The expression Japanese
protectorate of Mancnuria" Is frequent
" heard. What might be the 'appro-
priation and effective steps for the
maintenance of peace and order IN
Manchuria2"
One report has 1t that the Japanese
government has informed the repre-
sentatives of the powers Of Toxic that
Japan WILL "as far as possible, prevent
defeated troops. or those In pursuit of
them. from entering Manchuria." !"
Such action being regarded as neces-
sary for the protection OF the special
position of Japan in Manchuria and
Mongolia"
Rumor whispers that in handling the
memorandum TO Chang Tao Lin, the
japanese Minister at Peking. in the
name Of his government. advised Chang
to return to Manchuria while he was
still able TO do so unmolested. but that
Chang bluntly refused Just conceivably
old Chang has still fighting chance.
Peking claims important successes on
the PukoW- -Tientsin Railroad, east of
HpEtnp
Evening star., 1928-05-27

to come and take it. Above all, the
states mourned the flow of gold from
their lands to Italy; the tithes took a
goodly part, another part went in the
"annates" of one-half the
revenue of any church office in the first
wear of new incumbent; another part
went in such collections as Peters
Pence; another disappeared with the
pilgrims who went to Rome and came
back shrived but penniless. Time and
time again the PopeS appointed Italian
favorites to ecclesiastical benefices in
the northern states; sometimes the
same man was appointed to several
benefices, most of which he never saw.
but whose income went down across the
Alps to finance the luxury, the gayety
and the art of the Renaissance.
What did the northern "Barbarians'
(as the Italians called them) care
about art? They lived In a cold climate
under hard conditions, which made for
domestic privacy and stern morality
religion was to them an inspiring and
uplifting truth, rather than an al
leviating beauty; they expected the
Pope to live like Christ. instead Of in
habiting great palaces meretriciouslv
adorned with paintings and statues of
nude women and pagan deities. This
Evening star., 1928-05-27

fcontinuec from FIRST Page
lively alive In them could have achieved
these things
Certain things strike the traveller as
ersecaagly characteristic Of this hneFi-
1sSn development The automobile Is
obviously one u the fundamental new
facts-lew a. al events, since the COM
ing Of the cheap car The enormous
t.,snsf1er Of cars owned IN the United
states Is thought IN Europe 70 be proof
~ American luxury. II is not 80. the
car in America is one of the neceSSaFies
of life. All America Is On wheels ana
must be- II life b. ~ go on Ine ne"
city development Is bsSec on ttle car
and presuppoSes that almost every one
,.ill owg or have the use VI car. Chi
ego has q spread " nearly 80 miles
Defrost ard LIS Angeles scarcely ieks.
pverywgere one sees the same tendency
NJ y.0rk-file original city being ieft 70
,,fslees factories and shops the lnIlaN-
sents iiyins farther and farther out. and
Cellohffin garden suburbs Epringing up
eEn,sf lie Country clubs" This Is the
fortunate opportunity Of new country
NneYe the c3tIee can expand olt#afo
without humping into other cites Oh
densely populated areas, &c ~ tfis
manufacturing districts ~ Engiatla' hio
ID u being slprenlely well used bs the
American town planners. II the move
nent goes forward on is present INES
tIe American city VI the future snD1lo
have 40 giunls and the wage-eaTnef
81 well a. the employer should be able
~ i've enc bfinP up bis family IN thf
pure sir aud pheasant surroundings of
liae garden suburb
Tlsia b the new way Of life charac~
terlssjesily hBeficsn which ihe tray
e.ef notices al over tbe country, la
Evening star., 1928-05-27

THERE is book called
"1he IFS OF History" that
10 we'll worth a couple Of
n hours OF any ones time.
II consists Of 20 short chapters
designed to show upon what
trifIino circumstances the destl-
MES of humanity have hinged.
Champlain, the French eS'
plorer, might have tarrled in
plymouth Bay instead OF turn
ing northward TO the st. Law
renee. II he had. the Pilgrims,
arriving later and finding him in
possession, would doubtless have
steered south to Virginia, leav-
ing New England to the French.
II Charles MarteI had not de-
feated the Moors in the battle
OF Tours, we might today be
Mohammedans instead OF Chris
tians. For the victorious forces
OF Mahomet would have swept
on northward. imposing their
customs and their faith as they
went.
Suppose George Washington
had enlisted in the British navy
as q midshipman, as he wanted
SO much to do. Would the en-
vironment have made him a
Loyaiist and aligned him with
the British and against the col.
onists when the struggle eame3
The printer who prepared the
ballots for the Republican con.
vantion OF 1860 did not deliver
them on time, and the eonvan.
ton adjourned to meet again the
following morning. That night
the leaders agreed upon the
nomination OF Lincoln. II the
printer had kept his promise,
Seward would probably have
been nominated instead,
II Jefferson Davis had pur.
chased the ships OF the East
india Co. when they ware offered
in 1861, the Confederates would
have had command OF the sea,
Their ports would nsvsr have
been blockadsd, and they might
have aeiEad the cities OF the
Northern coast almost at will,
If-~lf~~if~~n evsry PAGE and
period OF history that little word
fceesHe
Evening star., 1928-05-27
''If," a Great Little Word
BY BRUCE BARTON.

appears. dealing favor to some
and destruction to others. And,
soon or late, every human being
must reckon with Il.
"lf only she had not been too
selfish TO have children" ! heard
one woman remark about an
other, and she went on to tell
OF a home that went TO pieces
because the man loved children
and had none.
az only had been content
with a fair return on my saw
inas, instead of trying TO get
rich" an old man said. He 10
ploddina along in a routine task,
when he might be enjoying
competence.
"As look back. can see that
there was the turning point in
my life," another man confessed.
"if only had sense enough TO
see IL"
II became too self satisfied" q
third man said; "if | had only
kept on working and grow
ing"
OF course, the ifs ara not all
on the wrong aide Of the ledger.
Il would be a gloomy world II
they were. And most OF the JOY
would 90 out OF living II at
every moment Of every day we
we're compelled to atop and re.
mind ourselves that great eonse'
auenoes may follow the ineon.
saauenttal step we are about 70
take. Nevertheless, in the end
that shortest, smoothest little
word bohs up and demands a
settlement.
II offered you this opportu.
nIty~~and this~~and this" II
will say. "And here you ehoss
rightly, and there you chose
wrongly, and your life 10 the
aum Of those choices"
am not much ulven 10 sol.
smn thoughts, but confess |
have a certain wholesome awe
of that smooth little word~~so
short and 30 mild and 80 inno'
cent. lie such a great little
word 10 have on your aide and
such = terror when ia working
against you.
%A'
Evening star., 1928-05-27
LUTHER AND THE RELIGIOUS
REVOLUTION
I. Erasmus.

T% HE Protestant Reformation was
an effect Of the commercial
revolution The great change
from the Mediterranean to the
Atlantic as the most important
channel of European trade brought
strength and national consciousness 10
the Atlantic states; and as their prlde
and power grewit was inevitable that tney
would rebel against the domination OF
even their temporal affairs by the "a
pacv. Some of them, like France and
Spain, persuaded the church to yield
its earthly prerogatives gracefully, made
their peace with her. and offered the
protection of their rising might; others,
like Germany and England, preferred
to shear her of her wealth, and cure
her corruption, by seeding from her
fold and establishing national religions.
The religious revolution was an Incl
dent in the birth of the modern state.
The background of the picture is the
rising bourgeoiSie. We have seen the
successive clements of their mounting
power IN the growth of an economic
surplus, the development Of trade, IN
dustry and towns, and the facilitatlon
of exchange by money, credit. and the
extension of commercial routes. The
fly in this ointment was the feudal
turn with cxorbitant tolls. and perpet-
ually disordered with baronial wars
like the Wars of the Roses in Eng
land) the territory through which COM
merce was obliged to pass. When, in
the natural development of difference
and inequality. one baron became
stronger than another, and one estate
set itself up as a state, holding all
other kindred estates vaSsal to 1t, the
merchants and the Jewish flnancierS
allied themselves with this central
power. preferring one robber to hum
dred. The long struggle Of the King.
supported by the middle class against
the aristocracy. laid the basis of that
alliance between government and capi-
tai which is one of the main threads
of modern history.
This Capitalization OF political power
had by the sixteenth century raised
certain states-Spain. France, and Eng
land-to a position which rivaled with
in their borders, the power of the
church. Germany had been and had
ceased to be state; as the chief
member of the Holy Roman Empire
she had once been powerful; but the
war between emperors and popes had
broken down this unity. and left
the empire no more than geographi-
cal expression, and the Emperor po-
Evening star., 1928-05-27

other, apparently undistfacted by the
sound ot each others voices or The
clicking Of each others typewrllsrs, the
American workshop may cover an acre
0f ground and have not single parts
ton Ia ID. No one has, or seems u
need den" Ot his own. There are,
of course exceptions Engishmen who
love crowds and Americans who detest
them and having seen the life OF the
English IN an Indian cantonmeni, /
should say that IL greatly resembles
that ot the American country club ="
but the Engikhman fresh from England
sees RregariGiisneas ss an outstanding
AmaTiean eharaCleflsLie,
Evening star., 1928-05-27

Note--In the thirty-eighth instalmcnt
of The Story Of Civilization" to ne
published next sunday, Dr. Durant VII
Renal ssante IN spain
Evening star., 1928-05-27

Note.--ftaiy has become predominant
In the Ealkaus with many dangers an
volved according Ia observers The sit
nation there is described in the following
article by the correspondent of The star
aud ChicaEO Daily News.
Evening star., 1928-05-27

CONTINUED from FIRST Page }
Evening star., 1928-05-27

Continued on Fifth Page
Evening star., 1928-05-27

. HE Protestant Reformation was
an effect of the commercial
revolution. The great change
L from the Mediterranean to the
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-10-15
IS HIPIW| MIMI
COPYRIGHT 1928 81 NEA SERVICE INC.

youthful passion. The way she lift
ed her lips to his. The way her soft
arms crept about his khaki Shout
ders until her fingers clasped behind
his neck, and she drew his face to
hers.
The agony of their parting-and
the way she cried. God bless her
darling heart They'd wanted so
fearfully to be married. What a
different story life would have been!
No use philosophizing about that.
Different, too, if they had found
each other six months ago. Now
there was Kitty; gentle little Kitty
He was the luckiest fellow in the
world to have her. Sweet. limo
cent.
Sybil was different. She'd been
through the mill. A married woman
now, with a baby. Somehow, beside
Kitty, Sybil looked hard and lit
tie weary. Freshness was some
thing to worship. There was a bit
of the spiritual in Kitty's I'M
touched charm. 1t set her apart
from all the other jaded little girls.
The discordant note of the tele-
phone interrupted his meditations.
"Hello!-Oh, hello, Sybil. I'll be
right down"
CHE was sitting in big chair in
~ the foyer, one slim knee thrown
over the other, and dainty foot
swinging nervously. Pale with the
sophisticated pallor smart women
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1928-10-15
THE NEW
Sdillt'Si1ulQI
HTZZIzYZGA ZESZZX2 ep28HNrA aulcEN NC

gospel, so when she came right out
in public and contended we were
not half as bad as we were painted
and she didn't mean rouged,
either, for Mam'slle herself set us
the example of making the most Of
our looks-why, she felt as if at
least one member of the older gen.
Grafton understood us, even if our
parents didn't"
And remember, Mam'selle, how
you always stuck up for us when
we got into trouble for having dates
with cousins and brothers whose
pictures were never in our family
albumS?" Tony broke in eXcitedly,
charming gratitude in her thrilling
young voice.
But we were awfully proud of
you, Nam selle, for being so popu-
lar with the men! Why, I bet you
had more dates than any of us
flappers. Mam'selle!
Look how surprised these old
married men look!" she gibed affec-
tionately at Pat and Lincoln Pruitt,
who flushed darkly and avoided
each others eyes, or any ones eyes,
for that matter.
"Oh, Pat, do you have to go?
There's no chance for any real con-
versation when bridge is going on.
You, too, Mr.. Pruitt? Oh,
your wife is signaling to you, isn't
she? Now only Professor Ark
wright can hear Mam'selle's defense
of the terrible infants of today"
"Antoinette, you interrupted a
discussion of vastly more impor-
lance to Mile. Dumont and me
than the one you're trying to mi
tiate," Professor Arkwright said
severely, looking at Tony over his
glasses, exactly as he had used to
regard her when she was a disturb
ing element in his Latin class.
Crystal and Tony excused them
selves with ELUSIVE apologies, then
fled to the kitchen, where they
rocked with laughter.
ITO Be Continued