davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-11-23
New York Proposes
Elevated HIGHWAYS

From the Louisville Courier-Journal
New York, with the initiative be-
fitting the worlds largest and richest
city and the most congested, has de-
cided to try out the elevated motor
highway, the first in the world.
The feasibility of it as an engineering
feat is not questioned. The expense is
tremendous, 100000 mile, and the
service to be commensurate with such
a cost must accomplish one of two OBJ
Jects-to open up new territory to COM
merce or to help traffic around a jam.
In a city like New York the latter is the
end in view and the major engineering
OF the termini and the route.
The new highway, four and one-half
miles long, will extend from the tip of
Manhattan along the Hudson River
front to Seventy-Second street. 1t will
be 70 feet wide, providing six lanes of
travel, with ramps leading up to it
from important streets. These will be
so arranged that the entrance of ve-
hicles from the intersections will not
interfere with the flow of rapid traffic,
which will have an unimpeded right Of
way from downtown New York to far
uptown. The construction is to be such
that second deck can be superimpoSed
at any time the volume of traffic de-
mandS it.
The road question is not confined to
the country and the small town which
want new ways into them Cities are
tunneling under the ground and build
ing into the air.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
The Normal School.

Another distinctive American institu-
ton, the old two-year normal school, is
passing into history. 1t was designed as
strictly professional training school
for elementary teachers and has played
q conspicuous part in the progress of
education in this country. The original
idea antedates the Revolution and is
credited to that fruitful producer Of
ideas, Benjamin Franklin. In this, as
In SO many other respects, the Philadel-
phia sage was ahead of his time. The
idea of special training for teachers had
not occurred to any one before, simply
because there was very little special
training to give them. The science Of
pedagogy was a thing of the future.
The normal school idea first was put
In practice in Massachusetts,, mother
State Of the public schools, early In the
nineteenth century and soon was copied
by all the other commonwealths that
looked to the Bay State for leadership
In the field Of education. For the first
time it was possible to place the primary
and elementary training of children in
the hands of individuals with definite
objective and method of attaining that
objective
The normal school clung fast to It's
nain purpose-the purpose for which
Evening star., 1928-11-23
How to Celebrate 1892.

Various projects Of more or less ma
tional scope, including an exposition IN
New York City. are afoot for COM
memoration in 1882 Of the two-hun-
dredth anniversary of the birth of
George Washington. Not long ago there
emanated from Senator Wesley l..
Jones, Republican, of the State of
Washington, a suggestion worthy Of the
special attention of the District of CO.
lumbia.
Senator Jones proposed that no more
Atting celebration of the bicentenary
OF Washington's birth could be devised
than to amend the Constitution in ia
vor Of national representation rights
for the now disfranchised inhabitants
OF the District. The Seattle statesman
speaks fervently on that subject. From
his Senate committee there has already
come hearty recommendation to Con-
gress to pass the pending constitutional
amendment, which would right the suf-
frage wrongs of washingtonians.
The DAY Of Humiliation" demonstra-
ton in the National Capital on No
vember attracted Nationwide atten-
ton. The newspapers, the radio and the
motion pictures carried graphically
from coast to coast the story of Wash
ingtons demand for a political square
deal from Congress and the enfran-
chised States.
The Citizens Joint Committee Of the
District Of Columbia will presently re-
new It's annual effort to induce House
and Senate to Americanize the Wash
ingtonian by adopting a constitutional
amendment which empowers Congress
to that effect. Let 1892 be set as the
goal Of the Districts desires. America
would honor the Father of His Country
by doing tardy honor to the Federal
area which bears his name.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

the Vestris wreck would be useful A
revision Of some archaic maritime laws,
Wagner thinks, might result from such
an investigation, and that alone, he in
sists, would justify it.
X y X X
Two tons of movie films are in the
cargo OF the U. s. S. Maryland, now
plowing through the southern Pa
ciflc with the Hoover party. The reels
which comprise this record consign-
ment Of pictures are understood to have
been selected by the President-elect
himself. They run the whole gamut of
the screen, from comics" to serious
educational" stuff. Several of the pic
lures have not yet been released for
public exhibition. The consignment en-
braces Al major-length features" of 8,
9, 10 or IL reels each, and 10 one-reel
comedies. In accordance with Hoover's
fondneSS for detective stories, there Is
a liberal share of pictures dealing with
mystery thrillers. One of the President
elects closest California friends, a
stanch Republican, Is Louis B. Mayer
Of the Metro -Goldwyn- Mayer organi-
zation.
Amateur cabinetmakers will be well
advised to enter the name of John Grif-
fin Mott, Los Angeles lawyer, In their
list of possibilities. He accompanies Mr.
Hoover to South America In the ca
pacity of a personal adviser. Mr.. Mott
is one of the most distinguished Roman
Catholic laymen in the country a fluent
speaker Of Spanish and an authority on
Latin America. He is a Notre Dame
man and was graduated the same year,
1895, In which Hoover took his A. B. in
engineering at Stanford.
tCopyriRht. lo28)
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Our Vast Foreign Affairs.

President-elect HooverS trip to South
America naturally suggests that Latin
America is to be one Of the primary
international interests of the United
States during the next administration.
But signs are fast gathering that the
Western Hemisphere will by no means
be the exclusive hunting ground Of
our diplomacy. Unless all indications
are deceptive, Uncle Sam will be a
towering figure in the concerns of Eu-
rope within another twelvemonth, and
probably sooner than that. Preparations
and war debts are certain to involve
us in Old World discussions, in one
guise or another. On the other side
Of the globe, China's illimitable possi-
bilities loom.
Our international relations did not
bulk very considerably in the presiden-
tial campaign of 1928. Personalities
and, domestic issues were all-absorbing.
Yet, had the electorate had in mind
the incalculable events which will agi-
tate Mother Earth during the next
four years, it could hardly have chosen
q more ideal leader than Herbert
Hoover.
When he has seen Latin America
face to face this Winter, the circle of
Herbert Hoover's first-hand knowledge
Of the world viii be complete. He has
engineered in Europe, Africa, Asia and
the great continents and islands Of the
South Seas. II the world was his field
in private life, it will be more than ever
the domain Of his activity in the stern
days of responsibility which will de-
scend upon him at the White House.
The world beyond our shores must
envy Americas good fortune in having
ct her helm at such q juncture of in
ternational affairs q statesman who
approaches them with so rare an equip
naent Of cosmopolitan acquaintance and
experience.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Atlanta's Book Week
Gets Fine Results

From the Atlanta Journal
National Book week in Atlanta has
been signal success. It was success
ful beyond the intent of its sponsors
With the hope of influencing gram
mar grade pupils to read good books,
queries were sent to 200 prominent At
lantans asking what books had been
their several favorites in childhood. Did
those who asked that question know
what they were doing? In effect. they
were starting 200 prominent Atlantans
upon the long road back to fairyland.
Can you think of Toby Tyler or Tom
Sawyer. without dropping into bright
So this Book week for children has
turned out little remarkably, and may
cause great many child books to be
read by folks who have8 not been chill
dren within this century. Those who
reflected back over their early readings
to decide which of their bookish de-
lights was most rapturous very likely
will retain a whimsical desire to re-
read that book. And they will assur-
edly be rewarded. Any one who has not
read Uncle Remus" or "Alice in Won
deriand" since childhood has neglected
an experience ineffably delightful To
surprise the subtle hidden implications
In Alice'S adventures beyond ground, or
in Bre'r Rabbits battles with his be-
loved enemy, Bre'r Fox, Is as thrilling,
quite. as the innocent, questioning Won
der with which those adventures first
were read.
Evening star., 1928-11-23

on this side Of the water, IL requires
ingenuity to complete the transit. but
In the case Of member of ships
crew, who has access to the shore with
out the close inspection to which pas
sengers are submitted, the diamonds
can be readily transported to their
final destination.
If these four persons are convicted
they should be punished, despite the
fact the steward is a veteran of the
service, the policeman a man with a
heretofore clean record and the Jew
eler ostensibly a respectable importer.
They have, especially the first two,
violated their trust and their punish
ment should be severe enough to place
fear in the hearts of those who SINH
larly break the laws of the United
States.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
UNITED STATES
in WORLD WAR
Ten Years Ago Today.

Gen. Pershing has cabled the War
Department that the casualties in the
American Expeditionary Forces total
236,l17, with less than one-third of the
names thus far received in Washington.
The total causes surprise throughout the
country because it is so much larger
than was expected in view of the par
tial list already cabled. Thirty
six thousand one hundred and fifty-four
men were killed In action and died from
wounds; 148ll died of disease; 179, 1925
were wounded, 2,163 taken prisoner and
1,l6O missing. Gen. Pershing
will keep 200, 900 men in France for the
present, and from these the army to
occupy enemy territory will be made up
The American Army of Occu-
patton takes up It's line on the River
Moselle. Americans and Germans wash
their clothes on opposite sides of the
river, but are not allowed to fraternize
Several thousand American SOL
diers sailed'f for home today out of Liver
pool. 1t was stirring scene as the
men marched from the railroad station
and local camps to the landing stage
amid the rousing cheers Of crowds along
the streets.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Smokeless City Fuel
Is Plea to Chemists
BY Z. E. FREE. PHI. D.

That the cure of city smoke. recog-
nized everywhere as growing threat
to health because 1t keeps out the
ultraviolet rays of sunlight. lies in the
hands of inventive chemists. is the be-
lief of Prof. A. j. Allmand of Kings
College, London. expressed in recent
lecture in the English city. What the
chemists must invent, Prof Allmand
said, is not any mysterious smoke de-
stroyer, but is merely a solid, smoke
less fuel. Gas is smokeless but not
solid Much of the city smoke might
be avoided, also. by prohibiting house
hold fires for heating or cooking and
making use, instead, of steam or elec-
tr;city generated outside the cities. But
all these expedients require expensive
distributing plants, pipes or wires. Ev
erything will be simpler and cheaper,
Prof. Allmand believes, If chemists will
busy themselves devising solid fuels to
be made from coal or oil and which
can be stored and distributed in the
usual way, but from which it will be
impossible to get any smoke, no matter
how carelessly the new fuel is used.
Prof. Allmand does not consider the
problem impossible If chemists every
where can be persuaded to devote their
efforts to solving it.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Maternalism in Government.

1t was not SO long ago that the pro-
posal to create Childrens Bureau OF
the Federal Government was viewed
with grave alarm. There were those
who foresaw the time when the Gov
ernment. paternalistic as it was, would
be entering field which would make
it maternalistic as we'll and attempt to
tell mothers how to raise their own
children. Contemplation of the impu-
dence of such tactics brought bushes
to fevered brows. One could almost en-
vision an army of outraged mothers,
terrified infants clinging about their
necks, marching upon Washington to
demand that Uncle Sam keep his med
dleSome hands of.
But the fear seems to have been con-
fined to the breasts of a legislative
minority. The mothers of the country
have apparently welcomed this bureau
cratic maternalism and will take as
much of it as Uncle Sam will give. Re-
ports show that the best seller" of
the Government Printing Office is a
bulletin on Infant Care" issued by
the Children's Bureau, and that this
pamphlet has now succeeded in popu-
larity the esteemed "horse book" of
bygone fame. One of the officials of
the Department of Labor points out
that in many an isolated cabin home,
far from the beaten track, this little
pamphlet on the care Of that mysteri-
Gus piece Of machinery, the human in
FAINT, is the most treasured of the
family possessions.
The Children's Bureau receives an
annual deluge Of one hundred thousand
letters, asking not only for the bulletin
but for other advice on the care of a
child. One mother wrote recently ask
ing whether she should give the baby
dose Of castor oil. And part of the
success Of the Children's Bureau may
be traced to the principle followed in
replying to the letter about the castor
oil. The bureau might have answered,
Eyes, by all means, about a teaspoonful.
Giving castor oil always helps the
morale of the parents, and seldom hurts
tn, child" But the bureau declined to
give such sage medical counsel, advising
the parents to ask the doctor. The bu-
reau has carefully abStained from en-
tering the field Of the family doctor
1t has confined its labors to making
available general information on proper
feeding, care, observance of the neces-
sary rules of hygiene and to pointing
out the signs Of warning which should
bring the doctor on the run.
Purity of milk and water supply,
establishment of prenatal clinics and
the provision of proper medical facili-
ties are important items in any attempt
to lower infant mortality rates. But
the education of the mother-even if it
be through correspondence--is probably
the foundation stone which must be
carefully laid in the beginning. The
Children's Bureau Is engaged in many
worthwhile activities. But If the work
it does was confined to popularizing and
making available that one pamphlet on
Infant Care" Uncle Sam could show
justifiable pride by patting himself on
the back.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Diamond Smuggling.

Legitimate diamond merchants in
the United States are exuberant today
over the breaking up of large SNUG
Cling gang which has been operating
between Amsterdam and Antwerp and
New York. With the arrest of a stew
ard on the liner Berengaria, a police
man attached to the dock and a jew
eler and his daughter, the diamond
squad Of the customs department be-
lieveS that it has shut of one of the
big sources of supply Of smuggled
stones More than fifty thousand dol
lars worth of uncut diamonds were
found in the stewards cabin, and in
his confession he is alleged to have
admitted that it was his tenth or
twelfth trip since he became afdliated
with the ring, bringing the total Of
his fraudulent operations to half mil
lion dollars or more.
The tax on unset jewelry Is twenty
per cent. BY evading it, dishonest mer-
chants, even after paying eight per
cent to the smugglers, are in position
to undersell legitimate jewelers. by
twelve per cent. Estimates by the Re-
tail jewelers. Association and customs
agents placed a total value of stones
that annually find their way into this
country by the underground route at
more than fifty million dollars, result
ing in United States Government losses
of between eight and ten million dol
lars AMI losses to honest merchants of
equally large amounts.
Diamonds and other precious stones
are comparatively easy to bring unde-
tected into the United States because
of their small size. England does not
levy = tax on stones from the two
great cutting centers of the world, Ant
werp and Amsterdam. and the Euro
pean branch Of smuggling gang en-
counters no difficulty in delivering
packages to whatever person Is tc
bring them across the ocean. Once
Evening star., 1928-11-23
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

@. What is iodine made of?--G. d.
A. Iodine is prepared from kelp anc
from crude Chile saltpeter. Iodine is a
non-metallic element, isolated as
crystalline solid.
@. What is the difference between
instinct and intuition?-S. NJ.
A. Instinct is the term applied to an
inherited tendency to perform a specific
action in a particular way whenever a
situation arises. Intuition, on the other
hand, implies the faculty of knowing
something beforehand. whether 1t be
mystical, intellectual or moral.
@. When may horse be said to be
thoroughbred?-M.C c.
A. The requirements Of an American
thoroughbred horse are that the pedi-
gree contain five uncontaminated
crosses. but the average pedigree traces
through Is to l8 crosses, some having
as many as 25.
@. Who was known as 'the old man
eloquent" of the Senate?-C. C.
A. Toward the end of his notable
career of 81 years in the Senate the
| late George Frisbie Hoar of MaSsa-
chusetts was frequently called by that
title.
@. What is the salary Of the Pope?-
C. F.
A. The Pope does not have a salary.
but has certain amount Of money set
aside from the revenues of the church
| for his use, and receives contributions
| from various organizations. This fund
/ Is known as Peters pence" and Is
largely devoted by the Pope to works
, of charity.
/
| @. Where was Atlantis?-T. s.
A. Atlantis was q large island which.
according to an ancient tradition, was
situated in the Atlantic Ocean near
the Pillars of Hercules. It was first
mentioned by Plato. Nine thousand
years before the time of Solon it had
been powerful nation, but had finally
been engulfed by the sea. Many au-
thoritieS consider the account of Plato
as pure invention. while others look
upon it as real tradition. Various at
tempts have been made to identify the
island, but none has been satisfactorily
accepted.
Q. Is the wood of the Texas ebony
tree valuable?-E. H.
A. The wood Is valuable in fine cabi-
net work, and because 1t Is almost in
destructible in contact with the ground
makes superior fuel. The ebony tree is
more valuable than any other tree of
the Rio Grande. 1t rarely exceeds 30
feet in height.
@. What was the disease known as
the plague in Athens during the Pelo.
ponneSian War?-A. S. P.
A. The plague described by Thucy-
dides was probably an eruptive typhoic
fever, distinct from, yet analogous to-,
smallpox.
Q. Which star is the largest?-C.
A. S.
A. The Naval Observatory says that
Alpha Scorpii (AntareS) is the largest
fixed star of which we have reasonably
accurate measurements. Its diameter
Is about 400, 900, 900 miles. In volume it
is 100,000,000 times as large as the sun
and 125,000, ,00o, 100000 times as large
as the earth. Its distance is probably
$50 light years. This distance is 20,-
100000 times as great as that Of the
sun from the earth.
@. Where is Fort Seward?-E. r. N.
A. Fort Seward is located on the
Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The De-
partment Of War says that very few men
are stationed there at present.
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Significant Experiment Seen
In Harvard's Small COLLEGE

for stimulating contacts will be greatly
increased. The larger universities have
lately been criticized, and with a great
deal of justice, for their imperSonal,
standardized machine technique S.
the Tribune.
ut may mark a revolution in the
larger American colleges" in the opin-
ion of the Springfield Republican, "in
the direction of the English system.
Not the least interesting thing about
the plan is that it was recommended by
council of undergraduates who two
years ago made serious study of edu->
cation at Harvard and came to the
conclusion that the college should be
subd1vided into smaller units"
AS to the certainty of success, the
Providence Journal thinks that at is
not impossible that the Harvard expert
ment will extend no farther" and that
there will still be time to copy it when
it has proved itself to be genuine and
valuable forward step in higher educa-
tion." The plan is described by the
Journal: THE students will be selected
for admission to this group, but not by
ordinary intelligence tests. Students of
varied interest will be preferred, and
the Phi Beta Kappa man will hobnob
with the athlete, the clubman with the
non-clubman. Outside the walls of this
residential college the students will mix
with other members of their own classes
and with members of other classes,
just as they are now doing. The ex-
pertinent is essentially a social one"
\ word of caution comes from the
Lansing State Journal, which argues:
Though there are those who are stick
lers for the benefits of the small college,
even though little heard by the public,
yet he is a narrow small-college advo-
cate, indeed, who does not acknowledge
that big institutions of learning also
have their advantages. For the most
part such advantage is acknowledged.
At Harvard, then, there is to be an
attempt to conserve both ideas. At
tempt will have to be in the nature of
a compromise-that goes without say
ing-but compromises are not always to
be deprecated. The age of undergrad
yates has so tended toward younger
years-and the tendency may SO CO..
tlnue-that any attempt to bring stu
dents under closer faculty friendships
and to associate them more intimately
with their student fellows must have
sanction"
Evening star., 1928-11-23
Radio Pests.

District radio fans who are wont to
listen to loud-speaker music in the
early hours of the morning were doubt
less shocked to learn that an ordinance
was recently enacted in Evanston, ILL.,,
prohibiting the use of radio after mid
night and that the Evanston police de-
partment has made its first arrest
under it. In all parts of the country
the radio has been hailed as one of the
greatest of mans inventions and enter
tainment has been furnished to mill
lions, but, as in everything else, there
have developed addicts who have be-
come pests to the community by their
utter disregard of the rights of others,
The ordinance in Evanston was de-
signed to control those who so far for
got themselves as to infiict upon their
neighbors, after the normal hour for
sleep, the strains of music pulled from
the air.
1t may well be that the regulation in
this Illinois city will be adopted by
other municipalities If the present
mania for late. loud-speaker entertain
ment does not abate. There is a solu-
ton to the problem without The neces-
sity of an ordinance, and that Is to the
use of headphones after q reasonable
hour at night, but it is improbable that
fanatic who is inconsiderate enough
to run his machine with sufficient VOL
ume to disturb his neighbors would
change over. 1t is apparent, however,
that the wave of protest over radio pests
is growing in volume and that not only
in Washington, but in other cities,
regulation may be put into force TO
assure sleep and rest for those who
want it.