davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-12-31

two hormones. One of these, concerned
in growth, has been known for wears:
the other has recently been shown to
regulate sexual maturity. BY feeding
with this hormone, infantile rats, mice
and birds have been made sexually ma
ture,
A motion picture was made during
the year showing the actual fertiliZa-
ton of a sandf1sh egg by the sperma-
tozoa.
Medicine.
Perhaps no greater advance in scien-
tific knowledge has been made than
the isolation of ergosterol, which has
been definitely identified as that SUBJ
stance which when irradiated with
ultraviolet light produces vitanin D.
Sunshine pills" containing this ma
terial are now sold in England. and
some similar material will doubtless be
sold In this country in the near future.
1t may help compensate for the lack
OF sunshine from which residents of
large cities suffer.
On the other hand, the use of WIN
dow glass to transmit ultraviolet light
from the sun has lost ground since the
Bureau of Standards has reported that
practically all of them lose much of
their ability to transmit this light after
a short use. 1t has also been shown
that the ultraviolet content of the sun S
rays. especially in cities, where 1t is most
needed is small.
1t has been found possible to trans
NIT yellow fever to the African monkey,
so that it is no longer necessary to
carry on dangerous human experiments.
Copper has been found to be Of i'm
portance in the human diet. Liver
has come into wide use in the treat
ment of pernicious anemia. Tannic
acid for burns has replaced all other
materials such as olive Oil and the like
Tt is no longer true that If one-third
of the body is burned the patient
cannot be expected to live. Much ad-
vance has been made In the knowledge
Continued on Seventeenth. Page.)1
Evening star., 1928-12-31

that full significance of the Bryan con-
ciliation pacts was realized completely
even in the State Department. In the
new light of decade or more later they
took on new significance, rounding out
and completing the peace machinery
being set up and filling. temporarily at
least, gaps in the arbitration frame
work.
At the end of 1928, the situation is
this for these double peace precaution-
designed to safeguard America from
war.
The original II Root arbitration
treaties have been translated into IL
of the revised Kellogg pacts already
signed. and 20 more are under negotia-
ton, soon to be signed The IL orig
inal Bryan conciliation treaties have
been reinforced with 7 new ones al
ready signed and IA more under nego-
tiation.
On the heels of this progress toward
permanent peace came the Kellogg an
ti-war pact.
AS the great peace year of 1928 closes,
the ground work is laid in Washington
for separate Pan-American multi
lateral treaty of arbitration and con-
ciliation.
Such a treaty would extend between
any two or more Pan-American States
the same pledge to seek peaceful settle
mentS as already existed between the
United States and each other member
OF the Pan-American group.
Evening star., 1928-12-31

the hydrogen being an excellent fiux.
The day appears to be passing when
metal will be dealt with as though 1t
were wood. Its ability to melt and flow
together is being made use Of gener-
ally.
A high-pressure machine capable of
developing preSsures up to 100000
pounds per square inch has been built.
While at present this has only expert
mental possibilities. much useful knowl-
edge will undoubtedly come out of it.
Biology.
The discovery that new varieties of
animals could be produced as the result
of treatment with X-rays has greatly
stimulated biological research during
the last year. BY treatment of the sex
cells of plants 1t also has been found
possible to produce new varieties here
as we'll The result is that the biolo-
gist no longer finds it necessary to wait
for evolution to produce new varieties,
for he can greatly speed up the process
by X-rays. Use has also been made of
x-rays to study the structure of cell
walls of plants and much information
of use to the botanist has resulted.
Much important research has been
done on the production of new plants
from wild varieties. Particularly sue
cessful results have been obtained with
wild sugar cane, variety having been
produced which is three times as pro-
ductive as that now generally grown.
Many plant and animal ailments pre-
viously supposed to be caused by bac-
terra or by fungi have been shown to
be virus diseases While the virus acts
like living animal in being able to
reproduce, 1t behaves like a simple
chemical compound when treated chem
ically. It may eventually be shown
to be an even simpler organism than
the bacteria.
Respiration ferment, which may be
described as being largely that which
gives the driving force to living mat
ter, has been identified as to its chem
ical nature.
The anterior pituitary gland produces
Evening star., 1928-12-31
Sees Bright Future
BY WILLIAM BUTTERwoRTH

President OF the United States Chamber
OF Commerce.
BY the Associated Press.
The business situation continues to
be characterized by those elements of
fundamental strength that have sup
ported business activities nationally at
a good level through four consecutive
years.
The last four years were earned by
the unSparing efforts which were made
in the years preceding 1925. Having
been earned, they have been appreci-
ated for the chance they have given
for more hard work.
In entering upon 1929, we could not
ask for better auguries for the coming
IL months than we find in strong un-
derlyfng conditions, and the devotion
of business men to the discharge of
their responsibilities.
This is not O period of prosperity
In the sense that profits are to be
earned easily. or in the sense that IL
is an era of large profits. A period
when results are obtained only by hard
work and unremitting attention to
sound principles and to sound prac-
tice. is not time of prosperity in such
a sense. 1t is something better. For
its level of activities affords those in
dustries and those sections which are
suffering under handicaps. their means
for forging ahead and obtaining an
equality of opportunity with other in
dustries and other sections.
There is every reason to believe that
this is period of building securely for
the future. There is no evidence in
the fields of American production and
distribution that this is the kind of
period that eliminates in imitation and
in the disaster which inevitably follows
the sort Of prosperity that comes from
indation.-
Evening star., 1928-12-31
FEW BOOKS OF NOTE
PUBLISHED IN 1928
Distinguished Publications Below
1927 Standard, Is Van
Doren's View.
BY CARL VAN DOREN,
Author, Editor and Critic.

NEW YORK, December 81 (P.-The
year 1928 has on the whole not been
so striking as 1927 in the number OF
particularly outstanding books pro-
duced. Hardly single book has swept
the world of readers so that all of them
no matter what their ordinary tastes,
have felt obliged to reaa it as they read
Trader Horn" or THE Bridge of San
Luis Rey."
Nor has there been any striking shift
in public taste which can be easily OBJ
served. A few changes, however, do
appear to be taking place. and the year
1928 has carried them along. One of
these changes. not yet very far along,
is in the fashion of biography
For the past eight or ten years all
sorts of writer's, no matter what their
special gifts or preparation, have been
scampering through history looking for
conspicuous figures about whom they
could write books which would prove
that the good and grea, were not what
they had long been thought.
Fashion Set by Lytton Strachey.
No doubt Lytton Strachey set the
fashion with his Eminent Victorians"
and his Queen Victoria" But whereas
Strachey was really learned in the sub
jectS which he chose and wrote with
the greatest precision, he has been ini-
tated by writer's who have frequently
known little and have written loosely.
All that many of them have really tried
to catch from him was his irony, and
that they have frequently turned into
tireSome sarcasm or conventional Gym
icism.
The publication of another book by
Lytton Strachey. Elizabeth and Essex"
ought to call the attention of the pub
lie to the great difference between the
work of the master and his followers.
There are already signs that the dread
full type of writing known as fiction
lied biography" is passing out Of favor.
1t Is to be hoped that favor may like
wise be withdrawn from ignorant and
cheap biographies.
Fiction List Reviewed.
The year 1928 has probably no more
distinguished books to show in fiction
than Aldous Huxley's Point Counter
Point" and Herman Melville's Shorter
Novels" The first Of these may be con-
Sidered the most modern" book of the
year, in that 1t represents group of
characters who live in what is known
as the most modern fashion and who
have the most modern thoughts about
themselves and their fates. 1t is almost
q complete mirror of advanced opinion
and behavior in the present. Even
when manners change, as they pre-
sumably will, this book will remain a
brilliant picture Of the strange life Of
the postwar generation.
Melville's Shorter Novels" on the
other hand, were all written many years
ago. and in sense belong to no par
ticular time whatever. The discovery of
one of them and the reprinting of the
others must be regarded as important
facts in the history of fiction. But
these particular short novels are inter-
esting without reference to the age
which produced them or which brought |
them. to- Life.
Evening star., 1928-12-31
BY KERKE L. SIMPSON,
Associated Press STAFF Writer.

Ammo Domini 1928 goes down the cor
ridor Of time marked as perhaps no
year before it with the budding prom
Use that the era of peace may be dawn
ing at last.
Within the pages of its history are
written developments that stand like
signposts, marking progress along the
highway toward world peace.
In all that has been done toward
realization of that never-dying hope of
mankind the sovereign will of the
American people has led the way.
Resistlessly it has impelled doubling
statesmen to action; called hopefully
across the seas to stir the wills of
other peoples, and goaded inert govern
mental bureaucracies at home and
abroad out of lethargy.
AS the New Year dawns aroused pub
lie opinion seems concrete force for
peace with which governments must
reckon as never before.
For the American people themselves
the dying year saw giant strides made
on the peace pathway. Three times
within the year international sltua-
tions that were tense with grave pos
sibilities yielded to pacific national
policies. Within the year also there
has been born of American initiative
and offered to the world for universal
acceptance an anti-war pact OF lncal-
culable significance.
Evening star., 1928-12-31

success that this method now produces
enough nitrateS to control the price
which always previously had been con-
trolled by the natural nitrate deposits
in Chile.
Coal has been shown to be useful
for many things beside heating. Motor
fuel from hydrogeneration of coal is
now a commercial success. Synthetic
rubber also has been produced from
COAL Much progress has been made in
the preparation of smokelesS fuel
from coke, and the use of powdered coal
has been greatly extended, even to use
as fuel for ships.
The greatest advance in rubber chem
iStry has undoubtedly been the method
of producing an inner tube for an au-
tomobile tire directly from the latex,
thus avoiding the intermediate steps
of coagulation, drying, milling, calen-
dering and subsequent fabrication by
hand. A method of vulcanizing rubber
directly to metal will undoubtedly re-
suit in an extended use Of rubber as
a structural material. Anti-oxidents to
prevent what is usually known as the
hardening or crystallization OF rubber
are now generally used.
New alloys have been introduced,
notably carboloy, a material so hard
that it can be used as a tool to ma
chine glass or porcelain. Perminvar, a
material of peculiar magnetic proper
ties, but somewhat similar to permal-
yoy, is also newcomer. The element
beryllium has also been produced in
small quantities.
Mechanical Engineering.
In mechanical engineering there are
two notable trends. Grinding is being
used more and more as opposed to ma
Ginning for surfaces, while welding, both
gas and electric, is replacing riveting in
many places. Buildings and bridges are
now being constructed entirely by weld
ing and forgings and castings are being
replaced on every hand by fabrications
Of welded steel. A hydrogen atmos-
phere In brasing has been found useful,
Evening star., 1928-12-31
SCIENCE
Continued from Fifteenth Page)

superpower units has also been notable
in many sections OF the country.
Tunnel construction has recently oc-
c1Inied the umelight. The Holland We
hicular tunnels perhaps takes first place
in view of its successful colution of the
ventilation problem connected with mo-
tor vehicle use. The Moffat Tunnel in
Colorado is notable because of its
length, 6 miles, and the tunnel through
the Cascade range east of Seattle for
the same reason. In the Cascade Tun-
mel the length is miles, and although
it will not be open for use until January
H. it may properly be called an achieve
Ynent of 1923.
Evening star., 1928-12-31
Chemistry.

Perhaps no more interesting thing
in chemical advance can be pointed
out than its invasion Of related fields.
Much progress has been made by chem
istry in cancer research and the work
of chemists on irradicated foods and
the like should appear under biological
or medical progress.
A noteworthy change that has come
over the chemists, as represented IN the
chemical industries, is the renuncia-
ton of the attitude of secrecy. In the
end this is sure to result in healthier
chemical industries and in direct bene-
fit to the consumers of the products.
The chemists have made their most
spectacular contributions this year by
going back to the farm for raw mate
rials. Cornstalks are now converted
into artificial silk and are also used
in the manufacture of paper. A build
ing board is also being manufactured
from straw. Besides assisting the
farmer by using his waste material the
chemist has also supplied him with
cheaper fertilizer. Nitrogen flxatior
has reached such stage Of commercial
Evening star., 1928-12-31
EDUCATION IN 1928
STIRRED INTEREST
Great Strides in National School
System Are Recorded Dur
ing Year.
BY UEL w. LAMKIN.
President, the National Education Associ-

BY UEL w. LAMKIN.
President, the National Education Associ-
alton.
Written for the Associated Press.
The most outstanding educational
achievement in 1928 has been the in
crease of public interest in education.
This was particularly noticeable in
the eighth annual observance of Ameri-
can Education week, November SILL,
under the joint auspices of the Ameri-
can Legion and the National Education
Association. American Education week
is of inestimable~ value in acquainting
the people of the country with the
work, aims, ideals and needs of the
schools.
Teaching Standard Raised.
The teaching profession itself is re-
sponsible for most of the advances
made in education. The task of guild
ing the growth of 28,000,000 young lives
now in school belongs to the teacher.
Therefore much attention has been
given in the past year to raising the
standards of teacher training. This
movement has been led by the Ameri
can Association of Teachers Colleges, a
Association.
Last February the association made
for the first time in the history of
American education, list Of accredited
teacher training institutions. 1t is hoped
that this will have on the teaching pro-
fession an effect similar to the accredit-
ing of medical schools by the American
Medical Association.
Never before has there been SO much
general interest in safeguarding the
mental health of school children 1t is
| significant that approximately 20 courses
| have been introduced into our colleges
and universities to train visiting teach
ers, workers who are equipped with an
understanding of psychology, mental
hygiene and social adjustment. The
visiting teacher will in time replace the
attendance officer. Instead of main
tanning a police force to keep children
in school we shall draw them there by
the intelligent and friendly guidance of
teachers who understand the problems
Of childhood.
Visible Education Is Aid.
There has been a marked advance in
the use of educational devices for
vitalizing teaching. The year 1928 has
seen the beginning of DR.. DamroSchs S
radio hour for school children once
each week. Visual education has been
given new impetus by the improvement
of teaching films.
An effort to serve all the children Is
seen in the larger support for continu-
alton programs for pupils who must be-
gin at an early age to earn money
Provision is made whereby those pupils
may find remunerative employment and
still enjoy some of the benefits of free
schooling. Added to this program there
is the evening school Offering educa-
tional opportunities to adult men and
women who missed them in former
years.
The outlook for United States de-
partment of education with secretary
In the Presidents cabinet to carry on
necessary research and scientific fact
finding has never been more promising
We are rapidly moving toward the
goal of the National Education Associ-
tion, "a fair start In life for every
child"
Evening star., 1928-12-31
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

iTHERE are two phases of govern
= ment which interest the average
business man-government CO.
operation and government in
Evening star., 1928-12-31

CONTINUED on Seventeenth. Page.)I
, 1928-03-22

Council should decide that I am still per.
sonal!Y interested I will go now.
(CIo5s + remarked: Mr.. Chairman,
there is no doubt that the Director of the
Company that is asking the loan is per-
sonally interested. Ii he is not interested
in the matter, who is?
ITO be continued
, 1928-03-22
Mosquitoes Aid Mosquito Control.

This subject is one that should be of
great interest to every inhabitant Of st.
Croix inasmuch as we have upon the
Island several dangerous and facilitating
diseases transmitted from one person to
another by the bites of mosC uitoe8. Up
until the advent of the Porto Rican into
the island We have had practically no
, 1928-03-22

is now necessary to be on the look OUT.
for the spread of Malaria to the inhabit-
ants of St. CroiX because, a certain num-
Der of the Porto Ricans either have
latent malaria or, the disease in a more
active form and a mosquito may trans
nit the disease from them to a normally
healthy individual.
In addition to Malaria we have on our
island two (2) other diseases transmitted
by mosquitoes. These diseases are name
Iy, Dengue and Filariasis. In regard to
the latter disease we have very preva-
lent in St. Croix one of its manifesta-
ti0ns which is called by US big Leg" or
Elephantiasis. Dengue is a disease
which practically always attacks only
those coming from without 10 live for
more or less short periods OF time on the
island and, fortunately does not often
bother the native Cruzians. However.
in regard to Big Leg" we have a dis.
ease which is not only very common and
also exceedingly depIorable and disabling
but which can through perseverance and
cooperation in controlling the mosquito
breeding be prevented in time, this pc.
Rod Of time depending upOn the pPrse-
Veranca Of remedial measures instituted
by the Health Department and by the
hearty cooperation OF the public as a
whole.
10 regard to the kinds of mosquitoes
which transmit Malaria, Dengue and Big
Leg it may be stated that the Anopheles
is the only one which transmits Malaria,
while Dengue is transmitted by the
CuIex mosquito and probably by the
StegOmyia and the third disease by Gu
lex and StegOmyia.
Now in ST. Croix we have all three of
the above named varieties of mosquitoes
iu more or less large numbers varying
with the rainfall as a rule throughout the
year. 1t must be remembered and al
ways kept in mind that the mosquito to
breed must have water. 1he AnophellLe
Mosquito lays its eggs in masses OF about
100 IN stan, triangle, OF ribbon patterns.
The ova or eggs of the Culicine Mos
quitoes are usually deposited in the wa
ter, in a scooped.ouC raft like mass Of
about $50 eggs set vertically. The next
stage which is called the larvaI stage is
a most important one because at this
stage il il easier for the investigator 10
tell the difference between the CulcIne
and the AnOphiline v~arietie larvae. The
AnOphilIne larvae always lie parallel VITA
the surface of the water, the Cullcine
larvae lies vertical to the surface. Here
il may be stated that both CuleX an /
StegomyIa belong to the CuIicIne family
Of mosquitoes.
1t takes about 6 to 8 days on this is
land for a mOSnuItO IN dpVnIoD frum the
, 1928-03-22

cessity for constant care of bitches and
the like to prevent their becoming OBJ.
structed by vegetation or silt. Now
the CuIicine mosquitoes breed around
homes in water which has been left
standing for some time. Roughly speak
ing, the Anopheline is the country
or rural one and the Culicine is urban or
domestic mosquito. The Culicine mos.
quito breeds in such places as vases with
water lett standing tor a week or more,
in old tin cans or other receptacles care.
Jessly left around the premises, in water
barrels not properly ]coopered, in ~cisterns
not properly screened.
1t must lie insisted upon that VIZ should
remember always that the MOSQUITO
which we have in our homes are
eithrr the Culicine variety raised on
the premises or very close by, or, that
they are Anophelines which may breed
somewhere nearby and are blown in by
the prevailing winds.
So far we have not touched in this arti-
Gle upon jhe destruction of these danger
Gus pests. In regard to Anopheles we
should 90 away with their breeding plac-
es in so far as possible by filling in pools
and making bitches with smooth sloplng
sides to carry away the water. We have
in addition a very valuable enemy of the
mosquito, j, e., the small fish known as
millions" These fish are proving their
value in st. Croix and should be employ
ed by more people and in larger numbers.
The CuliciDe mosquito is also controlled
by the use Of fish, these fish eating the
larvae. We should also be very careful
not to leave water standing around the
premises and to have all water recepta-
Giles such as barrels and c~isterns we'll
screened in order to reduce and prevent
the breeding Of Culicine larvae in and
around cur homes.
Oil is employed offtimes to kill mosqui.
to larvae as are also mixtures Of Soft
Soap and Petroleum as we'll as Cresol in
parts l to 1000 900. Necessarily we
should at all times try to kill the adult
musQuit0 and, also it is almost an essential
that we sleep in beds furnished with mos
quito nets. Ii is OF course the IDEAL thing
to have ones home thoroughly screened
but unfortur ately this procedure is very
expensive one. We should remember
that the Maiarial mosquito bites chiefly
after sunset while the Cujicine is apt TO
bite Us al any time.
The Health Department is at present
engaged in making d MuSquIlOtsurvy Of
St. CiOlX, and upvn completion Of this
survey which viii take al least several
nor tbs, proper remedial measures Will
be suggested and instituted. IheIe is no
dnnht buf tbat If AvoyV 0pa will ct,iyo
, 1928-03-22

To COrrespondent:-MagnoIi it is
suggested you address the Chairman of
the Library Commission in regard to the
suggestions for admitting light and air
into the library. Acting Director of Po-
lice Espersen is functioning in that ca
pacity In the absence of Mr.. Coulter.
The attention of our readers is directed
to the interesting health article kindly
furnished this paper by the chief munich
pal physician on the Subject OF the mos
quito and its control published today.
, 1928-03-22
OLA

The schooner Resolution" arrived
here from St, Thomas at 6 p. m. yester-
day bringing SO bags mail. She sailed
at The usual time Tuesday night but was
delayed by light winds. The mail was
delivered 10 box holders last evening.
The st. Croix Sugar Factory is not
getting the delivery of cane up to the
mark to make it pay to keep the factory
running. This is due to the fact that the
~sQuatters are cutting and planting at the
same time.
, 1928-03-22

With further reference to the move
ments of the weekend mail it is advised
that Capt. MoIler's yacht Towindward
will be dispatched with this mail from st.
Thomas at 10 a. m. Saturday for Cnrist-
ianSted. The Frederiksted mail will be
forwarded overland.