Evening star., 1928-10-13

five departments of the balanced checks
of the government" The United States
Government Is three powerf the legis-
lative, executive and iudicial--Co Congress.
the President, with the departments. and
the Supreme Court. with the subord1-
nate courts. The Chinese have these
three branches leach called yuan
plus two others. The fourth yuan Is
the examining yuan. whose tunction
is to examine all applicants for govern
fnent offices, from the lowest 10 the
highest, to determine their qualiflca-
tions. It corresponds to our Civil Serv-
ice Commission, except that in China IL
is broader and holds rank equal to tnat
of the Supreme Court and is part Oh
the government itself.
The fifth yuan, also a part OF the
constitutional government, Is called tne
Control Yuan" consisting OF about 90
members, and it inspects the work OF
all oficials, from the president down
to a clerk: 1t auditS all accounts OF the
government and has power to 1mpeacn
all officials, but cannot itself De neio
to account by any authority as TO us
control over all ofhcials.
The new government rests in the
executive council, whose chief Is called
president-Gen Chang Kai-shek-but
he is not autocratic in power. This
council is elected by congress, COM
prising delegates from Chinese klanS,
whether located in China or any other
part of the world. Chinese communi-
ties in the United States send delegates
to the congress, and that congress, In
addition to choosing the council. con-
siders policies Of supreme Importance.
1t h not rubber stamp" for the coun-
Gil much less for the president; 1t ex-
erciseS power. So China Is actually
governed. in part, by residents In the
United States.
Since Great Britain conquered China
in the opium war of 1912, that coun-
try of the greatest population in
the world has not been free in its SOW
ereignty; it has been limited to 5 per
cent in its customs tariffs. To exc
out its revenues it has had to supple
ment its customs with taxes upon all
goods crossing provincial boundaries~--
tax called ''liken." The United
States has by treaty agreed to release
China in the matter Of tariff restric-
ton, after January /. 1929. but that
release is ineffective until other coun-
tries make similar concession, for We
AlOlu ttlC ulOoJ 1dNOIcu
rights. stipulating that rates charged
us must never be higher than what is
charged any others. The increase OF
iken.
We have also offered to release China
from the limitation of "extraterritorial-
ity rights" whereby our citizens In
ira ~ 81 ~ kVtA
under Chinese laws, but under our own
laws, in our own courts in China. Even
now, there are more foreigners In
China who are not protected by extra E,
territoriality" than there are so pro-
tected. Germany and Austria lost that
privilege through their defeat In the
World War China was one of the
allies); the Russian Communists VOL
unfairly surrendered 1t as a mark of
generosity while they were scheming to
control China. under Communism, a few
years ago. The Kuomintang drove out
the Communists and did not return the
right of extraterritoriality to them.
y X
In the Episcopal General Convention
now in session in Washington some
thing has been said about China'S for ,
bidding missionaries in their country.
informs the writer that there has not
been any such an edict against Chris
tian missionaries. The whole matter,
he says, refers only to the present right
Of missionaries to own land in the in
terror of the country No foreigner,
except Christian missionaries, Is per-
mitted to reside in the interior, OF to
hold property there.
China lost the whole province OF
Shantung to Germany as a penalty for
the murder of two German mission
aries. Certain sects of missionaries
have taken advantage of the privilege
to acquire property in the interior.
They not only preach Christianity-to
which there Is no objection-but they
speculate in real estate, which Is not
permitted TO any foreigner. They are
permitted to own property only for re-
ligious uses, but they buy city property
as an investment, even in interior cities.
They shield themselves under extrater-
rltoriality rights of foreigners and ignore
Chinese laws. If they give up ex-
and obey the same laws
that apply to native Chinese, they will
not be molested in teaching Chris
tianity
Objection is raised also against the
making of religion a compulsory study
Tor all students in missionary colleges
and schools There is no objection TO
teaching the Bible. provided 1t is OPP
tional to the students, who pay high
tuition fees. However, missionaries and
their supporting churches hold that as
Christianity Is the prime object of main
tanning the institutions, 1t should be
AL 3wmk kSxn~w Ill A. -