davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
GIVE us OUR
own MARKETS
Closing Our Doors to For
eign Agricultural Prod
ucts Will Materially In
crease Farm Incomes.
BY E. CLEMENS HORST

This article is republished
from the Land O'Lakes News, and
contains facts and opinions on
the tariff that is of interest to
every farmer Mr.. Horst is
California farmer.
1t seems as if the combined brains
of the country ought to be able to
devise policy under which the enor-
nous business plant of the American
farmer would earn a greater return.
This plant, it may be recalled, en-
braces something over 100000 farms,
ings, stock and equipment valued in
1925 at $57,OOO,OOO,O -fifty.seyen
thousand million dollars.
Admitting that farmers differ great
ly in capacity and intelligence, and
that hundreds of thousands are skill
full enough to make satisfactory
profits on their investment, the fact
remains that the average return for
the whole country is less than it
should be. 1 believe that this stu
alton can be corrected.
Farm Incomes Decline.
Farm incomes and farm land values
gree in each of the 4S states of the
Union, from the high point of early
1920, and relief is needed in all the
4S states regardless of what the farm
products of each state may be.
The problem, therefore, resolves
itself into finding some plan that will
benefit American farm interests as a
whole. The common problem of all
American farmers, after all, is one of
finding profitable markets for all the
products, both animal and vegetable,
that can ordinarily be raised on all
our American farm lands.
1t makes no difference to what par
ticular product farm lands are de-
voted, so long as all the lands can be
utilized at fair average profit to
the farmer, after he has included in
his costs of production, interest on
his entire investment, taxes, insur-
ance, depreciation of buildings and
equipment. To these items must be
added soil depreciation, fair wages
to the farmer as well as to those of
his family who do farm work, fair
allowance for crop and market haz-
ards, and any other that should pro-
perly be included in making up the
farmers cost sheet.
Imports Cause Depression.
1t is beyond the power of any gov
eminent to make all farming profit
able or all farmers prosperous. The
best the government can do is to use
it's power to remove from the farm
er's path the major obstacles that
make farming losing business.
Examination shows that by far the
most serious cause of the depression
is the enormous importation of foreign
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22

farmers for all the animal and vege-
table products they sell per year.
A proper policy of severe restric-
ton of agricultural imports, if adopt
ed by our government for the protec-
tion of American farmers, must re-.
suit in the prompt restoration Of
American farming to a paying basis.
Imports Should be Stopped.
The farmers of the United States
should urge Congress to enact such
laws as will stop the importation of
practically all agricultural and animal
products that American farmers can
produce, and of those for which they
can produce workable substitutes.
This can be done Immediately, if
necessary, simply by sufficient in
creases in the import duties on such
agricultural and animal products.
The stoppage of such imports should
continue until such time as all the
American farm lands in use since
1920, are put to use in either supply
ing Americas home market, or such
CAPOiI dS CCtu NC uOl1G d. d
reasonable profit
No plan of national farm relief
based solely upon reduction of farm
costs can be successful, for the rea-
son that such plans can not be far
reaching enough.
Those who talk of farm relief by
the cost-reduction route have never
made any calculations on the subject.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
DUXBURY

Mrs. F. Ogg and Mrs. w. Grace Wis
tied with Mrs. R. Shute one day last
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. Calvin have moved
onto the Norman Matson farm which
they recently purchased.
Little Shirley Calvin is on the sick
list.
The social dance was well attended
Saturday night, and everyone had a
good time.
Mr.. and Mrs. Nels Matson went to
Markville Saturday to see their
daughter, Mrs. M Lampson, who is
on the sick list.
Signe Swanson spent Sunday with
friends in Markville.
At the election a week ago, Francis
Ludwig was voted in as clerk; Harry
Duncan, supervisor; and H. Grace,
treasurer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carlson, Norman Mat
son, and R. ]. Shute were Sandstone
visitors last Monday.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Good Seed important

GOOD seed is essential for success
with oats. Homegrown seed usually
is preferable, provided the seed stock
represents a high-yielding strain of
variety adapted to local conditions
The variety also should be reasonably
free from admixtures of other vari.
cites.
The germinability Of oats uusally is
good. Oats that have been we'll cured
in the shock or stack and have been
stored properly usually will retain
their viability for several years. If,
however, there is doubt regarding via.
bility of the seed, test should be
made. This may be done by placing
100 seeds on wet blotter or wet
cloth in the bottom of dinner plate
or pie tin. Cover this seed with an.
other wet blotter or wet cloth over
which second plate or pie tin, pref.
erably a slightly smaller one, is
placed bottom upward Keep the seed
in a moderately warm room. At the
end of five days It should be possible
to count the number of seeds which
have terminated. From 95 to SO per
cent should terminate.
Oats to be used for seed should be
famed and graded. Very light grains
frequently do not contain a kernel.
and can not terminate even if sown.
Tanning and grading oats to the ex
tent that only the very largest and
plumpest seeds remain is not neces
sary. Tanning and screening to re
move weed seeds can not be overem
phasized, as the eradication of nox
ious weeds is one of the most impor
tant problems of agriculture in the
Corn Belt today.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Ink of Medical Value

Printers ink, says DR.. Byron NJ.
Harmon, superintendent of the Essex
county IN. J.) sanatorium, Is a relief
If not a cure for tuberculosis. He
claims that employing patients Of the
institution to set type by hand stopped
hemorrhages suffered by number of
men. Several of them, he claims, were
eventually cured and left the institu-
ton, but continued to work at their
new trade.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Best Soils for Oats

THE soils of the Corn Belt gener.
ally are well adapted to pats. Soil
productivity in this area is less i'm
portant for oat culture than proper
cultivation and handling. The land
must be we'll drained. On wet, I'M
drained soils oats may be injured by
plant diseases. On the other hand.
oats require more water to produce
pound of dry matter thar any other
cereal. The crop, therefore, should
be grown on land that naturally re-
tains moisture. Loan soils usually
produce better oats than the more
sandy ones.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22

farm products in competition with the
products of the American farms.
In the fiscal year ending June 80,
1926, the United States imported to-
tai of over $500, 100000 worth of raw
and manufactured animal and vege-
table products. OF this amount, about
$1,000, 100000 represented imports of
tea, coffea, cocoa, rubber and other
farm products that America can not
raise, or for which we can not provide
workable substitutes. But this still
leaves a balance of $4,000, 100000 of
agricultural and animal imports, of
the classes that can, to a very large
extent, be advantageously grown in
the United States, or for which work.
ing substitutes can be produced.
Agricultural Products Free of Duty.
Seventy-nine per cent of all Amer
lean imports last year were of ami
NAL and agricultural products, and
only 81 per cent were of all other
products. During the same year ST.
350,O00,000, or over two thirds of all
our imports of animal and agricul-
tural products were admitted free of
duty.
During the above fiscal year, while
the United States imported farm prod
ucts totaling s3,5OS, 100000, we ex-
ported farm products totaling only
$3.50, 50O,0OO, or an excess of imports
over exports of farm products of prac-
tically $1,OOO,OOO.
On the other hand, while we i'm
ported minerals, metals, manufac-
lures, machines, vehicles and chem
icals, totaling only S791, 100000, we
exported of the same general classifi-
cation $2,O11, 100000, or an excess of
exports over imports of those classes
of $1,2OO,OOO,OOO.
We imported according to these
figures, $1,000, 100000 more of farm
products than we exported of min
erals, manufactures, chemicals, etc.
We Are Swamped With Imports.
The above figures should make it
plain to everyone that our foreign
trade policy, or lack of policy, needs
a thorough OVERLAPPING.
People who have not given much
consideration to the subject may say
that we ought to consider our agri-
cultural imports only to the extent
of their excess over our agricultural
exports. That is not so, because there
are many such exports that are sold
at loss-a loss not limited to the
quantity of the product exported, not
applying only on the small percent
age of the export business, but on
the entire American production of
that commodity.
The amount of our agricultural
product imports, more than $780,
100000 per year, is out of all proper
proportion to the income now about
$4,000, 100000, received by American
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Oats As A Nurse Crop

OATS as a nurse crop are not as
satisfactory as some others, the foil
age being too dense and the crop
drawing too heavily on soil moisture.
These objections are largely over
come by seeding early, short-strawed
varieties. To insure Obtaining the
best stands Of clover or grass, 1t
sometimes is advisable to seed oats
at less than the normal seeding rate
where oats are grown for grain. Oats
should be drilled when used as a
nurse crop. The uniformity Of space
between the rows permits more light
and air to reach the grass or clover
plants than is possible if the oats are
Sown broadcast.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
NORMAN TOWNSHIP

h. Mrs. Arthur Sangren and daughter,
Lorraine, visited school Tuesday af-
ternOOn.
Mr. and Mrs. Bud braves, Luella
and Stella Walner, and Irene Peter
son spent Sunday afternoon at the
Olaf Nelson home.
Miss Corrinne Sangren and Lancer
Wernowski left for Minneapolis Fri
day to visit her sisters for a few days.
Mr. and Mrs. Steve Purull and
daughter, Lille, visited with Mr. and
Mrs. Frank Devall Friday evening.
Ernest Hyatt of Milwaukee, is Wis
iting at the Geo. Hyatt home.
Miss Clara and Edwin Nelson and
Miss Irene Peterson visited with Miss
Bernice Bonnin Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Hennen were
Sunday dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Geo. Watson.
Mr. and Mrs. VIM. Bonnin and
daughter, Bernice, visited with Mr..
and Mrs. Chester Waletzko Sunday
afternoon.
Mrs. Bill Hennen visited with her
mother, Mrs. Geo. Watson, last Thurs
day and Friday.
Mrs. Omer Forsyth visited with her
daughter. Mrs. Aug. Kruger, Wednes-
day afternoon.
Miss Alma Strandberg spent Sun
day at her parental home in Sand
stone.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Efficient Threshing of Oats

1T is the best practice to allow
oats to become well cured in the shock
or stack before threshing. Efficient
threshing then is assured if the grain
Is dry.
Where registered pedigreed vari-
eties are being grown, a special effort
should be made to see that the separa.
tor is thoroughly cleaned at the be-
ginning of the run. Attention to this
detail will insure the keeping of vari.
cites in pure condition for a mum.
Der OF years. 1t also will prevent the
spread of noxious weed seeds from one
farm to another.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
Why Another Chair!

Mrs. Knocker beamed patronizingly
on Mandy, the new cook.
"I'm going to get you another chair
for the kitchen, Mandy" she said.
"But, nam, Use goin' need no mob
chair" said Mandy.
"But you have company some eve
nings, don't your" asked the mistress
in some surprise.
"Yessum, yessum," sputtered Mandy,
''but all OBJ 'em is gentlemuns!"
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
MCPHERSON

Miss Florence Kettle came home
from Duluth for visit with her folks
recently.
George Beaudry came over from
Grantsburg, Wis, for a visit, return
ing Friday to his work.
Miss Goggin went to church at Ker-
rick Sunday.
Mrs. Elmer and two sons went to
church at Kerrick Sunday.
Mr.. Sphung went to Superior on
business, Wednesday of last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Washburn are the
proud parents of a baby girl.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22

Have your spring coat perfectly re-
dyed Navy blue. and black will be
popular shades this spring. Mail to
Gross Bros, Sc So. 10th ST., Mime
apolis, Mimi. 5L2S-1t
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1928-03-22
HOW TO GROW
letter OATS

By T. z. Stantcn, Agronomist in
charge Of oat Investigations, Office
of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bu-
reau Of Plant Industry, u. S. De-
partment Of Agriculture.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27
LOCAL GOLFERS
PLAYED BILLINGS
CLUB SUNDAY

The Red Lodge Golf and Country
club engaged in a friendly club match
with the Billings Country club on the
Billings links Sunday afternoon.
About 40 golfers went down from here
for the match, and were entertained
at dinner following the play.
Mrs. C. R. Northrop, with a score
of 81, won silver plate, the first
prize for ladies'. Second prize, sill
yer tray, was captured by Mrs. A. j.
Sundahl, with a score of Ga.
The Red Lodge team was composed
of the following: Mr.. and Mrs c. G.
Rowan, Mr.. and Mrs. j. G. Skinner,
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. H. Mann, Mr.. and
Mrs. A. E. Madsen, Lewis Slavens,
Mr.. and Mrs. G. F. Moses, Mr.. and
Mrs. H. P. Cassidy, Mr.. and Mrs. Il.
S. Coleman, Mr. and Mrs. G. R.
Northrup, Mr.. and Mrs. S. L. Braida,
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles H. Draper, Mr..
and Mrs. John Corey, Mr.. and Mrs.
Art Williams, Mr.. and Mrs. A. J.
Sundahl, Mr.. and Mrs. j. j. Geron-
dale, Miss Dolores Stevenson, DR.. Il.
M. Adams, H. F. Alden, Mrs. Julia
O'Conner, 0. Fl. P. Shelley, William
Ball, Clarence Larkin, w. R. Larkin,
Jr., and J. Saari.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27

up for consideration gave evidence OF
the great help the emergency tariff
act had given agriculture. They were
so pleased with its provisions that
they asked that many Of the rates be
written into the permanent tariff act,
which was done.
I'm considering the tariff position
of the two political parties, on agri-
cultural products, the duties provided
in measures enacted in the past should
be carefully considered. When the
American farmer and stockman looks
over and studies the tariff rates on
agricultural products under the pres
ent protective act, (Fordney-M cCum-
Der act of 1929 and the Underwood
Simmons tariff act of 1918, do not
see how they can expect much from a
democratic president and congress.
"The encouragement of agriculture
always has been a republican doctrine.
1t is a necessary part of our philos-
ophy of government. Agriculture is
the basic industry of the country, and
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27
BRIDGER
MAN KILLED IN MO
TOR CAR ACCIDENT

Ulysses B. Sessions, son Of Mr. and
Mrs. P. G. Sessions of Byron, Wyo.,
and former resident of Bridger, was
instantly killed last Saturday in an
automobile accident north of Donny-
brook, N. D., and the body was
shipped to Billings, where it was re-
ceived on Wednesday morning.
Sessions, who had been employed by
the Billings Gas company from 1921
to June, 1927, was instantly killed
when two automobiles collided tie
was working for the Northwestern
Bell Telephone company in North Da-
kota at the time Of his death. He
was "a years Of age and had num-
Der of friends in Billings.
Funeral services were held Thurs
day afternoon at 2 O'Clock at Byron.
Besides his father and mother, he is
survived by several brothers and sis
ters. An uncle, Edward W. Sessions,
resides in Billings.
Deceased was manager for the Bill
lings Gas company for some months,
being relieved by |, o. Perl the pres
ent manager.-Br idger Times.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27
DEAN OF THE RED
LODGE PRINTERS
DIES in DENVER

Word was received of the death of
L. ?. Cushman in Denver on Sept. Z,
the aged man passing away peacefully
while asleep. Mr. Cushman was a
resident of Red Lodge for many years,
being the dean of printers in this
city, He worked for the old Red
Lodge Picket at various times, and at
one time ran small job shop. He
was member of the Typographical
union and of the Star in the West,
Masonic lodge. He left Red Lodge
about II years ago, and before going
to Denver, worked for some time for
the Gazette at Billings. He is survived
by his wife and was given Masonic
burial in Denver.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27
Senator Charles Curtis.

in the very nature of things will ever
be SO. Whatever is to the detriment
of the farmer is, eventually, to the de
triment of all our citizens; his welfare
and prosperity are inevitably reflected
in the welfare and prosperity Of the
whole nation
tariff protection against foreign
competition always he's been given 70
farm products by the republican party.
The Observation-Disclosures start / ac
carries higher rates Of duty on agti-
culture products than any tariff law
in the history Of the nation. 1t has
been found that certain of the duties
are not high enough to give adequate
protection to some of the products OF
the farm, and | believe it is the duty
if congress to provide rates high
enough to protest such produce
against foreign competition. In adj
dition, by this act, the duties have been
lowered on most of the articles the
farmers buy, or the articles have been
put on the free list.
Without the help which the repub-
lican party had given the farmers the
situation would be much worse than it
is today. All of us have been trying
to bring about the proper relief. Many
bills have been introduced. | feel sure
the solution will be found and found
promptly. Our party has pledged it.
self to the enactment of measures
which will place the agriculture of the
United States on a basis of economic
equality with other industries.
Cur candidate for president has
given his word that he will keep the
pledges of our platform. Personally,
you have my assurance that will
gladly join with other friends of ag-
riculture nddo everything possible
regardless Of party affiliations to find
and bring about genuine relief. As
stated in my speech of acceptance:
"'rhe question of the proper relief
for agriculture is trying and perplex-
ing one. The problem is of deep
seated economic importance to every
citizen without regard to his occupa-
ton or his political party. Properly
its solution is and always should be
nonpartisan."
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27
CITY SCHOOLS
AWARDED PRIZES
AT MIDLAND FAIR

Specimens Of free hand cutting and
penmanship entered at the Midland
Empire fair at Billings BY the Red
Lodge City schools were awarded
seven first, two seconds and four
third places in competition with other
city schools.
Superintendent H. 3. Field is in re-
ceipt Of premium in the total amount
Of $3.50 and will distribute it among
the successful classes.
Tie awards earned follow:
Construction work, using crayon or
cut paper decorations First grade,
Lincoln school, first, second and third
places, under the instruction of Miss
Lillian Jarussi, teacher; free hand
cutting from colored paper, Halloween
fair sheet, second grade Lincoln
school, first place, under the instruc-
ton of Mayme Anderson, teacher;
seasonal pastors, crayon work, third
grade Lincoln school first, second and
third places, under the instruction
of Miss Loretta Jarussi, teacher.
GenmanShlp prizes were awarded TO
Isabel 0rler, seventh grade, girls first
place; Bernard Barrett, seventh grade,
boys first place; Inez Bartoy, eighth
grade, first place and L, Obert, eighth
grade third place. All penmanship
lentered was in regulation booklet form
and was the product of class room
work, under the instruction Of Elvera
E. Nelson, special penmanship teacher
in the sixth, seventh and eighth
grades. The awards at Billings were
made by the representative Of the
Palmer II iting company of Chicago.
No 9th r entries were made this
wear by Red Lod se teachers, but plans
re Icing male for more general
representation of local work next
wear.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27

John Edwards of Luther was a bust
ness visitor in Red Lodge Tuesday.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1928-09-27

"The farmer is entitled to tariff
protection on his products, but the
democrats did not give it to him in
1913 and tried to prevent his getting
it in 1921 even after President Will
son vetoed farm tariff protection in
1920.
american producers of footstuffs
and raw materials are asking that
where necessary, they be given tariff
protection sufficient to place them on
equality with their foreign COM
petitors. They want tariff which
will be effective for the products of
the farmer and which will put these
products on an equality with the prod
ucts of other industries of our country
which are protected by tariff. This,
in all fairness, they are entitled to.
Tariff protection on farm products
is an important means by which to
relieve the present depression in ag-
riculture and to place the farmer in
a position of economic equality with
our other industries but in consider
ing tariff rates as means for meet
ing the problems of agriculture, the
danger of undue reliance on the eff
fectiveness of this method must be
avoided The tariff is not the remedy
for all the economic ills of the farmer
and stock raiser, but where it will
help, it should be applied.
"Our increasing population is alb
sorbing more and more of the food
stuffs we produce and the reports
show marked decline in our export
able surplus of agricultural products.
In 1920 there was imported into
this country agricultural products of
the value of $3,861,511, 600.
81 am sure that the farmers and
stockmen have not forgotten that in
1920 they asked for and were entitled
to an emergency tariff on farm prod
ucts. Such measure was passed by
republican house and republican
senate.
after the passage, the bill was
vetoed by President Wilson. 1t was
one of his last vetoes and word of it
was sent to the house. March A. 1921
"a special session of congress was
called for April II, 1921. That con-
gress, being republican in both
branches and having republican
president to pass upon its acts, begai
to work on the emergency tariff act
The measure which had been vetoed
by President Wilson was reintroduce,
and it was enacted into law. | neo(
not tell you Of the benefits of tn
measure. Every witness who appeare
before the finance committee repr
senting the farmers and stockmo1
when the Fordney -McCumber act W