davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22

ferred TO the committee on approprta-
tons OF the House of Representatives.,
where all legislation in regard TO ma
tlonal matters must originate. The
committee on appropriations az now
constituted If composed of IS members,
and 1t is customary that a majority
shall be selected from the major party.
The committee on appropriations con-
siders the budget In It's general aspect
and formulate3 in more or less defni-
i've way its policy. and in due course
the appropriation bills come before Con-
greEs for action. After the appropria-
ton Dill Is approved by the House IL
goes To the Senate. and finally, when
tne Dill passes both houses. IL goes 70
the President for his approval. He
must approve or reject the bill a. a
"noie. He has no power 10 veto spc-
CHIC items IN an appropriation bill.
Accounting and Auditing.
The Federal Government has a veil
devised system Of accounting and audit.
Even during the Revolutionary days,
prior 70 the adoption Of our present
Constitution, the Continental Congress
went 10 considerable pains 10 see that
disbursements OF moneys we're properly
checked and audited Their methods
were crude, but the right sort Of founda-
LION "dS Dc!llS !dlc. Alexander Harnil-
On deserves great credit for his organi-
zation 81 me Treasury, but in regard 20
methods OF administration Albert Gala
tin. the Swiss financier. vino was Secre-
tary under President jefferson. deserves
special recognition. From time N time
as necessity has arisen the systems Of
handling the moneys and accounts Of
the Government have been !nnprO-ed
The last important step in this d,rec-
ton was in 1921. when the bId-et svT-
tenn vas adopted At that time a Cen
eral Accounting Office vas organ;zed
under the charge OF an officer known as
the Controller .. the Treasury, zno
holds office for period o! Is years.
All claims and demands Whatever by
the Government Of the United S.a.es
or against IL. and all accounts Thatever
in which the Government o. the United
States Is concerned. either a. deb-o. Or
creditor. are settled in the General A.
counting Once. II is the duty o. re
Controller OF the Treasury 10 investigate
all matters relating 20 the receipt, dis
oursement and application o. public
funds. and he Is obligated 70 see that
no expenditures are made for PURPOSES
not authorized by IaV.
The United States Treasury Deoa-t-
nent prepares for the information If
the President. Congress and Of any c:,.-
zen Who cares 20 know the facts. annual.
monthly and DAILY statements concern
Ing the receipts and disbursements OF
the Government and in regard 20 ne
status OF the public debt No o-her
country IN The world issues such corr
plete and frequent statements OF ne
condition o! us finances
Copyright 1875 ~ Bs-ss-s T--.E, CO %
Nsx Np-zt
woman usually gets her ora vay;
a man usually gets In his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22
WAR AND DEFENSE OF u. S. MOST
EXPENSIVE OF ALL ACTIVITIES
Military and Naval ENGAGEMENTS and
Operations Have Cost e49e Per
Cent of All Revenues.

borndary was finally settled and our
southwestern territory and California
acquired. III the Civil War the qucS-
! ton OF the right of secession was for
ever settled. as we'll as the question or
j slavery in this country. but 1t involved
! cost Of over S3,500.0000 900. Then
came the Spanish War, which was
! short and decisive and was probably
again war which need not have been
fought. as historical Investigations of
that period now show. This war. which
cost over $500 100000. involved us in the
difficulties and perhaps in the advan-
tases of extraterritoriality. Then came
the Great War. which, apart from our
/ loans to our allies. cost over $27,000.-
/ 100000. or nearly S37,00000o, 900 If the
loans are included. Whether or not
/ these loans should be included as part
/ Of tho cost of the war will be deter
mined by future events. The Mexican
War cost about 500 1000 900. the War OF
1872 SS3000.o00. and the Revolutionary
War around Sl00. 900 900. estimating the
later in S,ecie values and not in de-
preciated Continental dollars.
The expenses of the United States
Government from 1889 to 1927, inclu-
Sive. amounted to SOL 98,0000o0. or
this amount. s36229. 000.C0 was eXpend-
Cu u!l btiI HiII1tdIN tStdDIiSIilIlSiliH' Ah'H
figure is arrived at after deducting from
the expenses of the War Department
expenditures for objects not connected
with its military activities. Pensions
and other payments to veterans and
their dependents involved an cXpendi-
ture Of Sll.349, 100000. bringing our
total direct military expenditures up to
S475TS00000o The Sll.732 900 00c
paid out as interest upon the public
6cbt should be added to the above in or
Ger TO determine our total expenditures
due to war or for preparation for war
or the military defense of the country
A portion Of the public debt, 1t is true.
was incurred for purposes other than
war. but the percentage which these
amounts bear 10 the total borrowings is
so small that it is fair enough to charge
up the entire interes: burden to the mil
itary account. Therefore we arrive at
total expenditure involved in the ma
tional defense of S53.3l0 5000 in 1928
wears since the Inauguration Of Wash
incton. To this should be added $780,
100000 which the Revolutionary War
ccs'
So nc find that the national defense
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22

the reduction of debt involve an In
crease of his burden In the years when
the debt is being liquidated For cx-
ample. In the eight years which have
elapsed since the official termination
of the war the United States Govern
ment has reduced it's indebtedness by
| So. 287 900. 900. or at the rate of over a
billion dollars a year. 1t Is true that
in this period tho Government had
revenues in excess of those derived from
taxation which practically offset the
amounts expended in the liquidation of
| debt. but If we had not been making
these payments in the reduction Of in
debtcdncSs. taxation might have been
| Just so much lower. However. the pol
| lev of debt paying is one which has
been followed by the American people
after all emergency periods which have
involved the creation of indebtedness.
| and undoubtedly 1t Is wise policy
! This is especially true of period such
as that which we have been going
through since the war; which. taking
Ii as a whole, has been one of great
prosperity for the American people
There arc differences of opinion as to
the rapidity with which the public debt
! 1hculd be reduced. but those who Wis
age in the future and realize that new
exigcncics may arise Of stress and strain
when the Nations resources should be
free are ono in believing that when
the country Is prospecting and at peace
taxation should be kept up to n point
which will permit of fairly rapid
amortization of indebtedness.
Before passing on to an analysis OF
the civil expenditures of the National
Government It should b. noted that
y,,l,,
loom so large in the Federal budget Is
that. In arcordan"" with the REQUIRE
ments of the Constitution the National
Government Is charged with the duty
of protecting the States against nlva
sion and against domestic violence The
separate States have no direct cxpcndi-
lures for this purpose. only being
charged with the duty of maintaining
order within their own boundaries and
even then having the right to call upon
the Federal Government for assistance
in emergencies.
Primary and Secondary Expenditures.
That portion of the expenditures of
the Federal Government which may be
designated as expenditures for civil
government may be classified under the
two heads of primary" and second
ary" expenditures. The primary ex-
penditurcs are for the cost of maintain
ing the executive and legislative depart
ments. the cost Of collecting revenue
maintenance Of public buildings and
Grounds. care Of Indians. the expenses
of the courts and Of our foreign rela-
tons These are expenditures which
may be said to be absolutely inherent
in the functions of Government. but
apart from these. from the very be-
ginning of our Government. there were
Certain Other cXnnnditurcs which the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22
Congress with his approval on June 81,
l0lO COHn0rnSn clnrrr 70. I'll L..

Congress with his approval on June 81,
1912. Congress was slow TO decide upon
the adoption of the budget system.
but finally In 1921 the necessary legisla-
ton was had and the system was In
augurated by President Harding, who
appointed Charles g. Dawes as the first
director OF the budget. No one would
now think OF going back TO the chaotic
conditions which prevailed prior to the
taking of this action. and unquestion-
ably the ability OF the Coolidge adj
ministration to hold down expenses has
been due largely TO the fact that the
budget system has been In operation
The budget itself Is not guarantee of
economy nor is it guarantee Of wise
expenditure. nor is 1t guarantee that
supplementary expenditures Of various
kinds will not be voted All Of thc7o
abuses have crept into the financing OF
other countries which for years have
used the budget system. However. the
budget system does help greatly TO in
sure wise economy In the expenditure
of the taxpayers dollar.
How Budget Works.
While on this subject 1t may be per-
tinent TO state briefly how the budget
works and how appropriations are made.
Under the terms Of the budget act the
President Is required TO transmit the
budget to Congress on the first day Of
each regular session. He must set forth
in summary and in detail an estimate
Of expenditures and OF appropriations
necessary In his judgment for the sup
port of the Government for the ensuing
year These statements are accompa-
MED by sundry financial supporting
statements prepared by the different
governmental departments. In his mos
sage the President makes recommended
tons for increase or decrease Of receipts
necessary To be made in order 10 con-
form TO the requirements OF the pro-
posed expenditures.
One of the cardinal points OF the
budget is that all estimates or requests
for appropriations must be submitted 10
Congress By the President. and not by
any officer Of any department. although
the Law provides that departmental
official may make recommendations If
requested especially 70 do so by Con-
gress. 1t is another cardinal principle
Of the budgetary system that the Legis-
lature may make appropriations for an
amount lower than is recommended in
the budget. but that no appropriation
shall be made which calls for an eY-
penditure OF money higher than that
recommended in the budget This
means that in our country the President
assumes leadership and responsibility
for the recommendation of moneys
needed for the financing of the Govern
ment and for new expenditures which
will in any way affect the Government.
work Program II has tendency 70
hold down the expenditures. although
under our system OF government Con-
cress cannot absolutely be prevented
from making appropriations larger than
those recommended After the budget
has been laid before Congress II is re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22
BY HARVEY f. FISK.


Bankers Trust Co. New York.
This IS tho 'hlrt Of series Of four ar,i.
elnS Oh oHr national finances, The first art.
Cir Our National Debt Wa published
S"Ner'fcr 20. the second Our National
E"NcnncS was rNhl,>hn,l ncCrnn},rr is and
tAp final article Our National Credit S;ruc-
tu'c. i scheduled for February IL 1928
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-22

A woman usually gets ne. ora vav.
a man usually gets in his.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
BENNETT AND
 RICE FLICHT
 IS FAILURE
Airplane Returns to Fair X banks Snow and Wind
 Prevents~Air Trip

FAIRBANKS, Alaska, March 14
 Neil w. Rice and Pilot A. A. Bennett. who took off from here in a Swallow plane yesterday morning in an attempt to make a nonstop flight to Cordova, return ed here when they were blocked from further flight by snow and wind in the vicinity of Mount Hayes where they battled for an hour in the hope of breaking through to the coast.
 Rice, who is President of the Fairbanks Exploration Company and First Nice-President of the United States Smelling. Refining and Mining Company, of Boston hoped to make the flight to Cor dova .enroute to Bermuda where his wife is seriously ill The steamer Yukon was turned back when part way across the Gulf of Alaska, and returned to Cor doya in order to take Rice south but cable was sent there inform ing the Steamship Company of the failure of the flight,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
LIST OF 240
 DEAD POSTED FLOOD AREA
Those Caught by Water Either Escaped or Are | { Among Dead CONDITIONS STILL CHAOTIC IN REGION New Channel Is Cut Along
 Santa Clara Valley,
 45 Miles

NEWHALL, Cal, March h. The list. of bodies recovered in various towns in the flood area. as the result of the breaking of the St. Francis dam early yester- day morning. has been posted in the Sheriff's substation and shows a total of PAS. An exact check has not yet been made owing to chaotic conditions. Applications will probably be found and also some omissions. Search of the valley still continues for the flood victims.
 yThe outstanding feature of the flood was the fact that nearly so persons were treated for in- <, !, 2. ss N s'ltva ape xsrs ssflaps|x N4 2 One Red cross nurse said: There is little that doctors can do. It is job for the under takers. Those in the path of the flood either escaped or they died"
 For i5 miles along the Santa Clara Valley the torrent from the dam cut a new channel nearly half mile wide and 20 feet deep. Every bridge over the riv- CT, except the one at Saticcy was either totally demolished or dam aged.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
STOCK SALES
 ARE BOOSTED
Another High Re ord Is Reached Radio Cor
 poration Scars

NEW YORK, March 14-The panic stricken retreat that trap ped short interests on the Stock Exchange. coupled with fresh out bursts of public speculation boost ed yesterdays sales to 3,913,000 another high record.
 Radio Corporation common again was sensational feature opening with block of 25.009 shares at $160. new peak price and, an overnight gain of $21.50 a share.
 The announcement that the Stock Exchange had begun an of ficial inquiry into reports of an alleged technical corner" in that issue was followed by drop of 20 points in 15 minutes and an other 15 minutes later, the stock whiried up and passed $50 and finally closed at $l46 share,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
NEW WARSHIP PROGRAM NOW
 UNDER ATTACK
House Members Start Fight
 Before Bill Placed on Calendar

WASHINGTON, March 1.-Two futile attacks were launched by a handful of House members yestsr- day at the $274,OOO,000 new war ship construction program upon consideration on the floor even before the bill by Chairman But Ter of the Naval Committee, to provide for the proposed 15 cruis- CTS and one aircraft carrier, had been formally made an order of business.
 Representative Florello H. La Guardia, Republican of New York, had the floor protesting against the procedure under which tie bill was to be considered. The New Yorker wanted each side of the argument to be allotted a definite time to present argu- ments.
 Representative James V. Nc Clintic. Democrat of Oklahoma. joined LaGuardia in an unsuc- cessful attempt to allot time.
 McClintic favors construction of submarines rather than cruisers
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
American Business MOues
 To Compete ,vith Cartels

WASHINGTON. March IA -- American business. confronted with unmistakable evidence of 8 stiffening of European competi- tion. has taken steps to meet the development of international car tels. or industrial combinations. in steel, textiles, glass, cement and other basic commodities.
 A bill introduced by Rep. w. Fl. Newton of Minnesota, to permit consumers to combine for the joint purchase of basic industrial com modities controlled by cartels without being subject to anti
 trust laws has been reported flaw orably by the house judiciary
 ommittee. The bill. which has
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
TRAIN JUMPS
 TRACK;4 THREE
 PERSONSDEAD


 LOS. ANGELES. Cah. March 14-Three persons were killed, one sariausly injured and several others shaken and bruised when a Santa Fe passenger train was derailed at Yampai. Arizona, En- gineer Tom Cole, Fireman Bailey and Mail Clerk Daugherty are dead A broken rail caused the accident.
 The train jumped the tracks and went down an embankment into ditch Some of the cars turned over on their side and blocked both sets of the double track.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
Ocer 7zyo Hundred Knoaen Victim,S o Cat0rmia Flood
5000 MEN FOR
 l C AN N E RES IN
 l ALASKA COMING
Annual Exodus from Puget Sound Is Underway
 Scheduled Sailings

SEATTLE, March 14.-Puget Sounds great annual hegira to Alaska whereby some 6.000 men. cannery workers. fisehrmen and boat hands will spend several months in the north and accumu- late a payroll of approximately $5. 1000. GOO, is now under way with five big hacking concerns which make Seattle their head quarters.
 The companies announcing sailing dates include the North western Fisheries. operating II canneries; Libby McNeill and Libby, operating 10 canneries; Alaska Consolidated with can neries; Nakat Packing Corpora ton with 6. and Skinner and Eddy with four.
 Many smaller companies arc operating one or more canneriee but will use the regular liners to transport their crews sand sup plies.
 While many crews Are already on their way or havereached the noyt]s. est ssQau1ass ,sf eamships... the Northwestern Fisheries Company dispatched crews on the vessel Glovina which sailed Monday for Kenai. on Cook Inlet, towing a scow.
 The steamship Perry l.. Smith CTS, of the same company, sails April 2 for Dundas, Orca. Kenai and Uyak returning May to load cargo and men for Nushagak and Naknek on Bering Sea and sailing May 10.
 Meanwhile men and supplies go forward to canneries at Hun ters Bay, Shakan. Kasaan, and Quadra in Southeastern Alaska on regular liners.
 The Libby. McNeill and Lib- by's first boat will be the Otsego sailing on April for Taku. Yakutat and Renal.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14

WASHINGTON, March 14-Only in one geographic division-the Middle Atlantic, containing Penn sylvania, New York and New Jersey-has the death rate from alcoholism equalled In any single year the average death rate from alcoholism in the same states during the seven years immedi. ately preceding wartime restric. tion on the sale of liquor, de clares the Board of Temperance Prohibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal church.
 It reaches the conclusion after a six month survey covering the relation between prohibition and mortality. the results of which were made public today.
 In every geographic division but the Middle Atlantic, it says, the death rate has decreased largely, the smallest decrease be- ing in the South Atlantic division, containing the state of Maryland.
 'It is evident that the unfavor- able showing of the Middle Allan. tic and South Atlantic geographi, {, divisions is due to the hostility of
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
WOMAN AS COMPANION

LONDON, March IA. - Any dubt as to Elsie MacKay being Capt Walter Hinchcliffe's com panion in his transatlantic flight, seems to have been remov- cd by cireumstantial statements of those in position to know her movements.
 To that effect, the Daily Mail and Express this morning cites an unnamed close relative of the family as saying that Miss Mae Kay left her home Monday night and had not returned. The Mail and Express quotes the relative as saying he is convinced she is now in. the airplane with Hin- chcliffe. supposed to be flying across the Atlantic.
 The Mail and Express story continues that Miss MacKay stay ed at a hotel with two women on Monday night Hinchcliffe and Gordon Sinclair. Army re- serve pilot, were also there, all leaving together at 5:30 Tuesday morning. The hotel clerk says the woman was wearing flying costume when she left and took compressed rations, fruit and coffee.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
U. s. Population Estimated at l2O,0l3,OOO

WASHINGTON. March IA.
 A provisional estimate by the Census Bureau places the population of the United States on July 1. 1928, at 120,013,000 an increase of 14 per cent. The increase in population in California is 35 per cent, Michigan 30 per cont and Florida AS per cent over January 1. 1920. The State of Washington will show a population of 1,5S7.000 on July 1. this year compared to 1.356,621. on July l, 1920.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
Shipment of Machine
 Guns Lost in Chicago;
 Fear Cangla,,d WiIb Use

CHICAGO, March 14-The po- lice are seeking trace of a ship ment of six machine guns which have mysteriously disappeared. They are convinced Chicago's gangland is arming for another violent episode. The machine guns were recently ordered in the name of the Mexican American Company. A bad check was giv- en in payment and investigation showed no such company ever oc- cupied the offices of the address given by the company.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14

the approval of Secretaries Hoov- CT and Jardine and is aimed as protection against possible ex- ploitation of American consumers at the hands of international in- dustrial combinations, would al- low American consumers of rub- Der, sisal potash and other basic commodities to combine their bar gaining power by forming buying organizations and agreements.
 Cartel movements have beon watched by the bureau of loreign and domestic commerce. of the department of commerce. pF. Julius Klein, director. says int creased competition from unro
 {Continued on Page Seye1z
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
COL. LINDBERCH
 ! IS FORGED DOWN

COATESvILLE. rem, March 14-Col Charles A. Lindbergh anu Henry Breckenridge. his counsel who took off in an airplane from Curtis field yesterday afternoon were forced to land at farm near here because of dense fog. A perfect landing was made and the machine is apparently undamaged
 Beyond admitting they were forced to earth by the fog. neith CT Lindbergh nor Breckenridge would discuss the incident anl neither would they reveal theiI destination.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
GOVERNMENT FILES
 SUIT AGAINST BOAT

A case was filed in the office of the Clerk of the U. s. District Court this morning by the United States vs. the gas boat Mermaid" !" T-l014. her engines, tackle, ap- parel, furniture, etc. and cargo, including about 100 gallons of moonshine whisky for confisca- tion by the government. ! The vessel was seized March |12, adrift in the waters near Ket- chikan by the U. s, Coast Guard Cutter Cygan. No person was aboard and no arrests have been made as yet. The boat is regis tered under the name of Oscar Case.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
SEES SCHOOLxTAKING
 FUNCTION FROM HOME

braries to read or to public lee. lures and concerts for intellectual Inspiration and the youngsters go to school. The stimulus comes from without rather than within the home today.
 This gives the school a very great responsibility, which can only be met by the cooperation of parent and teacher"
 Miss Adair is convinced that the situation of today Is indica- tive of an extreme swing of the pendulum. predicting that the re- sponsibility of training children will revert in time to the home.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1928-03-14
SENATE PASSES MUSCLE SHOALS
 OPERATION BILL
Party Lines Are Disregard. ed in Vote-Debate
 Lasted } Weeks

WASHINGTON, March 14-The Senate has adopted and sent to the House the Norris resolution providing for government opera ton of Muscle Shoals as nitrate plant in time of war and as a fer tlizer factory and power produc- tion plant in time of peace.
 The resolution was adopted by a vote of AS to 25. The vote came after nearly three weeks debate. Party lines were disregarded.