davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1928-08-25
BACKGROUND OF EVENTS
BY PAUL J.. COLLINS.

Turkey was defeated, and Greater
Bulgaria was recreated by the famous
treaty of st. Stefano, giving II almost
complete territory Of the old-time Bull
garia covering the Balkan Peninsula.
But the powers OF Europe refused to
permit so great a Bulgaria TO be recog-
nized, and so there was formed con-
gress of powers at Berlin, and "
treaty was agreed To, greatly reducing
Bulgaria. That was before the days
Of Wisonian doctrine Of letting the
peoples decide their own jurisdictions
according to race Under the new Ber-
lin treaty. July l3, 1878, Bulgaria be-
came an autonomous state, though still
tributary to Turkey.
1t is that treaty which the nation is
today celebrating. BY that Berlin
treaty Rumelia was carved out of Bull
garia, Bulgaria became self-governing
under its own prince, elected by the
people, Sub1ec5 to confirmation by the
Turkish Porte and the combined pow
erS Of Europe.
This sham independence" of Bull
garia. under the terms OF the Berlin
treaty, was demonstrated by the Rus
sian Gear i'll 1897, when he forced the
first Bulgarian ruler" Alexander of
Battenberg to abdicate. Alexander
was succeeded by Ferdinand ot Coburg,
who CHOSE" the famous Stambuloff as
Prime Minister.
While historic outlines declare that
Ferdinand chose Stamhuloff as his
Prime Minister, there is quite another
story, rather more romantic, TO the
effect that Stambulon, then president
of the Bulgarian Congress, seeing that
Alexander | was about to lose the
throne through interference of Russia,
visited Vienna in his search for a prince
To succeed Alexander. There, while at
tending an opera, he saw handsome,
dark haired young cavalry officer, and
upon inquiring his identity, learned
that he was Prince Ferdinand of Sake
Coburg. Stambuloti sought an audi
enCe with the prince, and a few days
later offered him the throne of Bull
garia, with himself as Prime Minister
and dictator
Stambulon'S rule was harsh, and
aroused opposition, resulting In his
death In 1895 by Macedonian assassius.
4 y
In 1908 on October 6. King FcrdI-
nand proclaimed Bulgaria independent
Of Turkey and Ferdinand assumed the
title OF Gear The wonder is that 1908
is not taken now us the national birth
day OF independence IN place of 1878,
when only partial independence was
created under the Berlin treaty. for
Turkey acknowledged the 1908 dccla-
ration OF independence and recognized
Bulgaria as q free and independent ma
ton thereafter, Then Bulgaria win be
only 20 years old next October b.
(CopYfisht, lu2S hy Paul Y Calusl
Evening star., 1928-08-25
The VaciIlating Tennis Body,

Big BIZ Tilden, who was bafred
from the Davis Cup team during the
European matches for violation Of
the technical and highly complicated
amateur rule of the American Lawn
Tennis Association only To be relnslated
for play near the end Of the challenge
round, yesterday was found guilty by
the governing body Of the court game
and given penalty Of Indefinite
suspension PiIden therefore. Is now
Ineligible 10 compete IN matches under
the jurisdiction of the association,
II the tennis body had searched Tar
ayd wide for means 10 make Itself
IiG.culoug, it could have hit upon a no
more effective way. Tilden, captain of
the Davis team. was suspended from
the team In France Then, due 10 public
pressure, especially 0n The part OF tho
American Ambassador he was reinAtat
cd Now he has been Suspended again,
for the same alleged otfenae,
Tlldea alsg have technically violated
Evening star., 1928-08-25
The Bladensburg Jail,

The town commissioners Of BladenS-
burg challenge the truthfulneSs Of The
Stars account Of the conditions at the
local Jail. and declare that the state
ment to that effect will be the only Of
fetal recognition they will accord this
publicity. The matter having been taken
I'D by the State Board Of Health, the
Bladensburg commissioners VIII await
the decision Of that body.
The Star is confident that Its de-
scription Of the conditions at the
Bladensburg Jail is accurate. THESE
condition were disclosed as a result OF
the recent food which occurred there
after a heavy rain. That place Of de-
tention is undeniably located at a level
at which it is occasionally inundated.
II is a small structure without comforts
or conveniences or proper arrangements
for the care of those confined IN II.
Whether it is ever overcrowded depends
unon the number of arrests made in the
town. It is certainly not large enough
to hold decently more than half dozen
persons at one time. Indeed. it is barely
large enough for a single occupant with
regard for that unfortunate's proper
custody.
What constitutes an insanitary con-
dition is not related to the number OF
people who may be forced to occupy
given space, but to the absolute neces-
sites of life. If this place is too small
for the housing Of those charged with
lawbreaking, if it is subject to inunda-
ton, If it lacks sanitary provisions, the
State Board of Health will doubtless de-
terrnine the facts and order clearance.
The Stars interest in the matter is not
to bring discredit upon the town OF
Bladensburg, but to secure the correc-
ton of a condition for the cure OF which
that town itself should be anxious. Mere
denial will not make for betterment OF
the state of affairs AT best. even II The
stars account of the conditions should,
as claimed. have been in any way ex-
agQerated. its efforts have been AMI
mated by a desire to assist the commu-
nifty and not to evoke a controversy
uronpted BIZ local pride.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

foundland have already been branded
as fake. But the hidcous part of the
joke is that there is no definite way
OF proving ii joke except to search
Tor the flyers in the location described
Ihis may not be possible and there will
always be some uncertainty as to
whether the messages bearing the
Greater Rockford call letters came from
an amateur radio operator in the United
States or whether they really came from
the plane. No less distressing is the
fact that under existing conditions there
is little chance of locating the offenders.
Were they to persist in their faxed calls.
the chances are that sooneror later they
would be found But unfortunately the
tricksterS are able TO take advantage OF
the anonymity of the ether and may
easily conceal their identity behind the
tangle of radio waves
There are more than twelve thousand
licensed radio stations in the country
today Searching for one or two Of
tenders among them is even more diff
ficult than finding the needle in the
haystack, for the needle remains and
persists in its presence. but the offender
today may be extremely law-ahiding to-
morrow. The man who abuses the
power III his keeping by per-
such jokes as the "HaSsell
however. is apt to do it
again under other circumstances. II
he should ever be caught. the $4,000
fine provided for such an offenSe would
be trivial punishment, indeed.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHlLANDER JOHNSON.
Cheating.

Cheating.
Said Cactus Joe. I've pondered with
some conscientious care
AS to morals that we mortals ought
TO show;
And I've just about concluded that my
neighbors everywhere
Should freely choose the ways they
ought to go
The hymn book each man chooses and
the things he likes to read
Cannot arise his Future Hopes 70
wreck
The practice that will violate most
every human creed
Is Dealin' From the Bottom of the
Deck
Each Book Of Inspiration and each
Proverb that / scan,
On second thought, comes simply
down to this:
The greatest Of offenses is to cheat
your fellow man
OF Life or Property or Honest Bliss
And whether with pack OF cards OF
in some heavier play
Another's chance you undertake te
wreck,
The Principles the same. The Big
Iniquity. I'll say,
Is Dealin' From the Bottom Of the
Deck"
Evening star., 1928-08-25
New York's Battling Problem.

A single piece % mechanism. comprlS-
,ns vital part Of the highly complex
+rs,s,>,ytatfar system Of New York City,
won't wrong yesterday afternoon at the
,,a;u,. If the traffic rush, and an acci-
dent resulted which has taken the lives
of at least fifteen persons and has m
.,~a6 q hundred others. This miShap,
a defective switch. derailed ten-car
tran. carrying 1900 passengers, crush
iYr TWO of the cars into a tangle OF
wreckage. destroying supporting pillars
srd division walls and tying UP the en-
-,ye system OF lines operated through
that subway. the busiest Of all in the
great city. for many hours. Upon so
slight factor does the safety OF a
great multitude depend.
This accident, the particulars OF when
are given in the news reports and
which constitute tale Of horror. is the
latest OF many mishaps that have oc-
Cured since New York was forced, oy
the tremendous growth Of its population
It's concentration in business into a
comparatively small area and its DIS
persal in residence over a territory OF
hundreds Of square miles, to proVloe
extraordinary means Of carrying the
people. The transportation problem
there is one Of magnitude and extreme
difficulty. It is necessary to move sew
eral million people daily over long dis
ances and to move them speedily. They
are carried in tubes, on elevated Struc-
tures and on surface lines. The subway
trains run at high speeds, under close
headwav. The most elaborate devices
for safety are installed. Constant IN
spection is maintained over the mecha-
nism. Yet, as yesterday, occasionally
something goes wrong In this instance
q switch was reported out OF order, was
repaired, and when a train was sent
over it. proved still defective and caused
the derailment
There can be no absolute insurance
against disaster in the conditions IN
which the complicated and congested
transport system of the metropolis IS
operated. The strain on every part OF
the mechanism is severe. The rush OF
the people is not 10 be stemned at the
hours of heaviest transport. To pause
In the operation of the lines to correct
defects entails choking blockades IN
stations and in the streets. The margin
Of security and of service above the
requirements of the populace is slender
What can be done 10 remedy TINS
condition, to increase the margin OF
security? More subways, perhaps. But
more subways cost immense sums OF
money and require long periods for con-
struction. BY the time they are finished
and put into use the population mas
grown to the point Of overtaking the
additional facilities The task OF the
solution Of this problem is one Of the
greatest in America.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

| the rule of the association which pro-
/ hibits writing for compensation about
| tournaments in which the writer Is
competing. but certainly such vacillat-
ing stand as that taken by the tennis
body is as hurtful to the game as any
writing that Tildcn may have done.
AS matter of fact, Tilden Is the
associations greatest drawing card. 1t
was probably for this reason that he
was reinstated for the Davis Cup
matches The turnstilcs click merrily
when the ranking player of the United
States is booked for an appearance,
To the average man 1t is difficult to
square this attitude toward Tilden with
the silly technicalities about his tennis
writings.
Tilden may be the bad boy of
tennis that the association depicts him
He may look with scorn at some of the
petty actions and rulings of that body
Tilden however, has been great factor
for the popularity of tennis throughout
the world He is one of the greatest
players who ever trod the courts, and
has been untirirT in his efforts to
develop younger players.
A feature of the whole matter that
is hard to understand is that the tennis
officials should wait until Tilden was
practically at the end of his career
as a topnotch player before taking
drastic action. They failed to take
such definite steps when Big Bill was
able to see that the Davis Cup and
other tennis honors remained on this
side of the water.
The line between amateurism and
professionalism is constantly growing
more indistinct so that it would seem
that regardless of Tilden's faults and
Tildens offenSes against the code Of
the association it would be wise move
on the part of that body TO study im-
partially its rule on amateurism so that
in the future broad-minded justice be
done not only to Tilden, but to all
others who compete under the Stars
and Stripes.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
The Passing of "Bossy.

"Bossy'' Gillis, the hardest boiled
mayor in political captivity, finds HIM
self in difficulties. "Bossy'' used TO run
a gasoline station in Newburyport,
Mass, before he became mayor OF that
town. Now he is mayor and runs sew
eral stations, having issued the permits
to himself TO conduct the business.
Therein lies the difficulty The district
court has just handed down decision
which is likely to cause the cocksure
young mayor bit Of thought. He was
sentenced to pay fines totaling nearly
twelve hundred dollars and TO serve
three hundred and thirty days in jail
for illegally selling gasoline. illegally
keeping gasoline and finally for chang
ing the grade of street for his new
service station
"Bossy" first reached public print
through the medium Of gasoline sta
ton location dispute. and it may ot
that he will disappear by the same
route. Massachusetts political freak, II
seems. punched the then mayor IN the
law or some such thing when the mayor
refused to grant him a permit, ana
GiIas proceeded to take the office away
from him. That is evidently the high
point in "Bossy's" career Now, how
eyer. the worm seems to be slowly
turning and the signs on the wall In
dicate that "Bossy" has had his Ming
and is about due to return TO the OBJ
scurity whence he came.
OF course there is no assurance that
he will serve the penitentiary sentenc@.
but If he has prostituted his public Oh
fee to the extent that the court de-
c!sion@ would seem TO indicate. some
punishment should certainly be meted
out TO him. The spectacle Of one man
being able 10 make laughing stock
out Of an American community is not
% be tolerated, "Bossy's" passing VIII
likely occasion Newburyport no regret
/ or any other part Of the country Icl
| that matter.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.
When he clasaites The improved high
ways Of the United States as great
public utility, with revenue Of more
than 81 900 ,0000 900 IN indirect taxation,
Chief Macdonald at the United States
Bureau of Public Roads, puts the high
way situation IN the new light which It
assumes by virtue of the mototlzation
of the Nation
This year gasoline taxes viii exceed
$500 900 900 and may so as high as
$2T5 GOO 600, while vehicle and drivers
licenses will roll up more than $500
10000 This amount Is virtually all
available for motor vehicle regulation,
highway patrol, and highway constrnc~
ton and maintenance, Most OF II may
fairly be taken for actual building and
upkeep Of roads Other taxes indirectly
due to motors are OH corporations, IN
comes Of motor and oil companies and
property, Wheeiage and other local leeies
varying throughout the country. Ger
tainly, In the sense that Chiet Mneu0n~
aid indicates, they are all Indirectly due
to The existence of highways. without
which the motnriaatiun OF the Nation
could not SO Ola II
Evening star., 1928-08-25
A Remarkable Invention.

With the submarine disasters OF the
S-5l and the S-4 Of the American Navy
and the F-i4 OF the Italian sea force
fresh in the public mind, the tests con-
Quoted yesterday Of Dahlgren, Va, of
a ufe-saving lung for victims Of acci-
dents 70 underwater craft, assume sur
passing importance. Although still IN
the early stages Of its development, the
APPARATUS, an invention Of Navy men
that looks ike gas mask, brought men
safely 10 the surface from depth OF
one hundred and ten feet. A total OF
one hundred and four men were lost
il the three most recent submarine
tragedies. The S-5l went down in one
hundred and twenty-five feet Of water
the S-4 IN one hundred feet and FLA
IN one hundred and thirty feet Yet
here is an invention still in crude form
that has brought men UP from one
hundred and ten feet without the
slightest discomfort.
The lung, in Its perfected shape. is
expected 70 weigh about TWO pounds
and 70 be capable Of saving the entire
crew Of a submarine even should the
undersea craft settle on the bottom at
q depth Of two hundred feet Us In
veKtorS. VINO are Lieut. &. 3. MonSen
Chief Gunner {. l. Tibbals and Navy
ENGINEER r M Hobson are hopeful
that il wiIi be part Of the equipment oi
every submarine that plies the waters
and are confident that With It's adoption
frighttul 8ubmerslble tragedies will be
Z thing q tEe past. From the testa
conducted yesterday there is reason u
believe taat their confidence Is not Ill
placed
Evening star., 1928-08-25

ANY reader can get the answer to
any question by writing to our infornla-
ton bureau in Washington, d. c. rms
offer applies strictly to information.
The bureau cannot give advice ON legal
medical and financial matters. II does
not attempt to settle domestic troubles
nor undertake exhaustive research on
any subject. Write your question
plainly and briefly. Give full name and
address and inclose cents in coin or
stamps for return postage. The reply
is sent direct to the inquirer. Address
The Evening Star Information Bureau
Frederic j. Haskin, director, Washing
ton. d. c.
O. In what year was Babe Ruin
bought by New York?-A. S. b.
A. New York purchased Ruth from
Boston in 1919.
@. Where was James Branch Cabeh
educated?--L. r.
A. James Branch Cabell attended
William and Mary College and for
Evening star., 1928-08-25
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. H4SKIN.

time was an instructor Of French and
Greek at that institution.
O. What proportion of the wheat
crop is harvested by the combined
harvester and thresher machines?-S.
II. E.
A. It is estimated that two-thirds OF
the wheat crop in the largest wheat
area will be combine cut this yesr.
farmer with less than 100 acres uses
the old methods. as the initial cost OF
the harvester -thresher Is Approximately
$4,000 The machine does the work OF
20 men.
@. Is the Liberal Catholic Church an
American institution? If not, where Is
the headquarters Of the body?-D. T.
A. Membership in the Liberal Catho-
lie Church is worldwide. The head
quarters of the church is in Australia
and the presiding bishop is the Rlgnt
Rev. C.. w. Leadbeater. The Right
Rev. Irving S. Cooper is reglonary
bishop for the Americas.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
The Radio Tricksters.

i is not surprising that among the
thousands of amateur radio operators
81 the United States there are few
vino are cursed with the malicious COM
plez u the practical joker~-the same
complex which shows Itself from time
to time when a cepraYed hunorist. on a
cold and slippery night turns In a
faise FIRE alarm The surprising thing
.s that more S O calls have not been
faxed. and that more feverish rescue
expeditions have not been started On
ne pass ~ distress" calls emanating
from some IDIOT Who is clever At con-
structlue sending station and knows
tne c0cea
Radio reports tending 10 @ho" that
Hasseli and CIamel aJe stranded IA
tneiI .Gfeatef Rockford plane some
where og the northern coast gffFea'
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Air mail service is less expensive and
aviators will be more in demand as
long distance letter carriers. The Post
Office Department may be found valu-
able training school, in case of emer-
gency, for the War Department.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

There will be fireworks in the eve
ming" of the fourth of next March. To
recall the language Of the Mikado, the
question to be decided is who will not
be there to see them
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Washington greets Herbert Hoover
with the enthusiasm that BELTS the
homecoming Of a man whose service.
long and distinguished commands pride
In a fellow townsman.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Nobody wants to bring back the cor
ner saloon" The moonshine establish
ment that hides In the middle OF the
block is now the object Of inquiry.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

An enthusiastic Inauguration is eX-
pected regardless of possibilities of n
March blizzard The snow plow has
often accompanied the band wagon with
distinguished success.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Differences of opinion continue to
assert themselves as to whether condi-
tions in Nicaragua ought to be regard
ed as a fight or a quarrel.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Since polar exploration was first un-
dertaken there has been a wish that
the relief expedition might be landed
In advance of the exploring party.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
Rate nv Mail-Payable in Advance.
~ o,,,n, St,tes and Canada.


~ s-S,r,sfe5 Press Is exclusively entitled
~ - 80 reoua.i Alton OF all ! ewS dis
q, - ,c,,nS S~eGlteS 10 il or lot otherwise cred
:ed n his papey snd also the i9cs, ,,d eTf oi
ss~nttaI Sispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1928-08-25
"Reminiscences Of a Wet.

Are you fond OF society"
Very" answered Senator Sorghum,
IAN afternoon tea with chicken salad
is the nearest thing / know Of to the
good old free lunch Of days gone by"
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Thieves are becoming so direct in
their methods as to make the technique
of the bootlegger appear painstaking
and laborious.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
TunncN in Select Class.

From the Syracuse Herald.
TunneY Ia the only man OF our ae-
quaintance who can really prove that
lac Is too proud 10 fight
Evening star., 1928-08-25
Rate bv Carrier within the City,

The EveninG Stsr ~ ''' ''"i'"
The Evening and Sunday star eo. ,.r ,,.o,,,,
when sundays -, wv w. "'''''H
The Evenine and SUNDAY StAi ss, rs- ,,o,,A
r-, t.san e. - So. -. SC per copy
Collection made AZ the enc g "a esNss m4tltL
ORDERS nay be sent In by man 'f 'eiephehe
SSI0
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Radio mas demonstrated that serious
speaker y more influential on popular
taste than aaxopnOne quartet
Evening star., 1928-08-25

An intrepid flyer. Lindbergh still
claims grateful admiration for the TACT
that you always know where 70 md
him
Evening star., 1928-08-25
CheerIessncss.

We're Waitin' for September
While August makes us fret.
But that month, we remember
Sometimes proves hotter yet!
Evening star., 1928-08-25
Night and Morning

tlEIluf Oh LIE Aht'N''rN'
Night and Morning.
Were you involved In a night club
raid?"
MOT strictly speaking The disturb
ance took place In the early morning, -
He who thinks only ot money, said
HI Ho. the sage of Chinatown must be
prepared A0r times when money may
forget It's best friends
Not Recognizable by Sound.
The candidates viii oft agree
III rhetoric so rich,
A photograph / have To see
To tell just which is which,
"A man dat aiilis has his own way.
said Uncle Ebcn, "is purity sure 10 git
a few things dat he didn't want
Evening star., 1928-08-25
Vacaiionists Also strapped.

FROM tte Lansing state journal,
Most yacatlnnstg are strapped before
.4heL LrunkA arc.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

Jud Tilnkins says the sense OF women
In politics is shown by the fact that
none Of them want beauty contest 10
decide on the handsomest candidate.
Evening star., 1928-08-25

time was an instructor Of French and
Greek at that institution.
Evening star., 1928-08-25
The Evening Star Newspaper Company

THEODORE ". MOVES. Editor