davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
|TORAL TO OFFER
NO DEFENSE FOR
SLAYINC OBRECON
Relatives and Nuns Being
Held Pending Outcome
of Trial.
By G.. Z. FINE
Omitted Press Staff Correspondent

MEXICO CITY, July 81 a pale,
Jose de Leon Toral, today awaited
trial in civil courts for the assassi-
nation of General Alvaro Obregon
a trial at which he will offer no
defense.
Toral was given to custody of the
civil courts late yesterday after he
had stood for three hours as police
heads read his confession Of the
Obregon murder to a score of news
papermen. The confession was sever
al thousand words in length and
told of how Toral had gone to con-
fession and followed the president
elect to San Angela where the muir
der occurred.
81 am giving my life for his, -
Toral said. '..Obregon's IS soul prob
ably was saved because Obregon
was a good man.
The young assassin wore a heavy
beard. He did not appear nervous
and was defiant as the confession
was read.
UId di tOHl tSSlOH Sdlu l1idJ lie
went to confession to Father Jose
Jiminez the morning before the as
sasSination.
81 did not mention my intention
to assassinate Obregon,' he said.
A confession to a priest does not
consist of telling what you intend
to do, but only what you have done.
No persons and no priest planned
this crime other than myself. Re-
| ligiOn was my only motive
Police Hold Relatives
Police, however, continue to hold
number of Toral' relatives and
l6 nuns from nunnery presided
over by Mother Superior Conception
Acebedo de la Llata. They are
seeking Father Jiminez, Manuel
| Treio and one or two others.
Treio is the man who gave Toral
! the pistol with which Obregon was
killed although Toral insisted that
! Trejo was accused of bombing the
! chamber of deputies building sever
al weeks ago.
~ believed Obregon was the in
tellectual author of all Obregon :
difficulties with Gales his tool
therefore / was determined to as
sassinate him. Toral s confession
said. "He was good man al
heart and | hope God has forgiven
him. Ny intentions were good and
l expected to be saved. If l have
committed a great crime, God will
| forgive me. -
He then told how he had gone to
confession and heard Mass the day
of the crime. He said at noon he
went to the home of General Obre.
gon and watched the president
elect S motorcar depart toward San
| Angela. Toral followed.
He entered the Bombilla restau
rant and went to corner where he
released the safety catch on his
pistol. Then he told of drawing
sketches of the Obregon party after
which he walked to the Obregon
table, engaged the president elect in
brief conversation and then fired
| the five fatal shots.
There was no indication of re
morse through the document.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Agre ement On
Tariff Revision
Not Expected

SUPERIOR, Wis, July 31.-Pre-
sident Coolidge believes no action
on tariff revision will be made dur
ing the short session of congress
convening next December.
The President was represented at
the weekly press conference here to-
day as believing no action could be
taken unless responsible elements of
each party made an advance agree
ment which he holds is unlikely.
In the opinion of the President,
such an agreement would be impos-
sible because of political activities
centering on the presidential cam
paign.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
EDIT OR.
RECALLS
CHARGES
White Withdraws State
ment Against Smiths
Legislative Record.
WANTS TO BE FAIR
Governors Position On
Open Saloon Draws
Much Comment.
BY THOMAS l.. STOKES
Omitted Press Staff Correspondent

NEW YORK, July William
Allen White, Republican editor of
Emporia, Kansas, today withdrew
his charges against the Legislative
record of Governor Alfred f.. Smith,
"'insofar as they affect his votes on
gambling and prosttion but not his
position as to the saloon
"Governor Smith certainly is en-
titled to fair treatment, White
said. ~ always have tried TO fight
fair
The Kansas editors statement
follows:
estcrday talking to Walter
Lippmann of the World, a friend
of Governor Smith and of mine for
many years, | learned that Governor
Smith was deeply aggrieved that |
should charge him with protecting
gambling and prostition in his as,
sembly record.
81 can understand, after consid-
ering what Mr.. Lippman said, that
the governor in casting those votes
against those reform bills might
honestly have felt that the bills
were unconstitutional or were not
epforeible or infringed upon person.
al liberty or encouraged police
blackmail.
''These bills did not so impress
others who voted for the bills, but
Governor Smith certainly is entitled
10 fair treatment. ! always have
tried to fight fair.
~ have never consciously qucs'
toned any man s motives and 80
this morning before the morning
papers have come and before /
know what, if any, reply Governor
Smith has made to my statement
yesterday, ! desire to withdraw the
charges formally insofar rs they at
feet his votes on gambling and pros
titution. but not his position as TO
the saloon.
ISSUE Of Campaign
-'On the question of the menace
of Tammanv and Governor Smith 5
Tammany record for the open saloon
the whole issue of the campaign is
coming. Organized protected pros.
titution is quickly passing out OF
American life and that issue is not
vital, but vital or not, | could not
in good conscience press this issue
realizing that Governor Smith,
whom i greatly admire for hls
many high qualities feels that my
charges question the purity of his
motives which always should be
granted in amy political controversy.
So the ten or dozen votes on
gambling and prostitution come out
of the record.
~ hope now American newspa-
pcrs and particularly Republican
newspapers will give the same con
sidcration to this statement that
they gave my statement yeSter'
day
White, in his attack last night
cited Smith $ votes as n young as.
semblyman at Albany a score OF
wears ago ih an effort TO prove his
charge that the present governor
then was subservient to Tammany
in protecting the saloon, the pros'i'
tute and the gambler.
Whites activity has stirred up
considerable excitement in the rival
political camps here.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Steady Advance
In Call Money
by United Press Leased Wire

NEW YORK, July 3l.-De
scribing the market the Wall Street
Journals financial review today
said:
Interests in the financial markets
today converged largely on a month
end furry in call money.
Banks found it necessary to with.
draw between $5O,0O0,000 and $60,,
100000 in connection with the Aug.
ust | settlements.
So sensitive is the demand market
to sudden acquisitions of this char
acter that the rate advanced stead
lily until high of per cent was
reached around 2:30 o clock com
pared with the renewal charge of
6 per cent.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
More Evidence
In Arson Case

LOS ANGELES, July 31.-A
short time before the Russian Eagle
Cafe was destroyed by fire, Michael
Tocaze, asserted arsonist, asked
him what he would do if his paint.
ings on the walls of the cafe were
destroyed by fire, Alex I. Gnatieff
testified today in Tocaze s trial.
Count Andrew Tolstoy, nephew of
the famous Russian author, and
footman at the cafe, told of a loan
made to Tocaze the day before the
fire, which sent Charalie Chaplin
and other celebrities fleeing 10
safety.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Electric Railway
Shows Deficit

LOS ANGELES, July 31.-In the
six months ending June 80, the Pa.
eifiS Electric Railway Company
suffered = net loss OF $761,7lS, its
report on file today with the state
railroad commission here showed.
The net loss for the month of
Jun" was given as $ll9,962 and the
total corporate deficit as of June
so was $2,023,444.
A decrease of $70G,747 over the
first six msnths of 1927 was shown
in the total railway operating
revenue, which amounted to $9,l31,-
266.
Net revenue from railway opera
tion for the six months was
$2,030,092, a decrease of $7S3,279.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Chicago Leader
Reported Dying

CHICAGO, July 31.-George f.
Brennan, Democratic national com
mitteeman from Illinois and long a
leader in the party s affairs in this
state, was near death in hospital
here today. Last rites of the
Catholic church were administered
and the political leaders family
was at the bedside.
Brennan s condition was caused
by infection which spread through
his body from an infected tooth. His
illness had been kept secret.
Freeman was leader in Governor
Alfred +, Smith $ re-convention
campaign.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
"Italia's" Crew
Reaches Italy
By United Press Leased Wire

VERONA, Italy, July 31.-Gener-
al Umberto Mobile and his compan-
ion survivors of the dirigible Italia,
were back on Italian soil today
after their tragic adventure.
A train bearing the party's spec
ial car, that had proceeded direct
from Narvik, Norway, arrived here
Just after noon and went on to
Rome.
The train is due at Rome at IL
p. IN. There will be no official re-
ception at the railway station there.
The newspapers throughout the
country welcomed the party back to
Italian soil and there is expected to
be a popular demonstration in the
survivors honor when they arrive
at Rome.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Father Sends
Son To Jail
fly United Press Leased Wire

hfcdScu
LOS ANGELES, July 31.-A
fathers answering belief of his
duty to the law put l9-year-old
Maurice Thompson back in Jail to-
day on a charge of violation of
parole. s~E
The boy was sentenced to six
months in jail on bad check charge
at Riverside, but was paroled to
Judge Freeman of that city, the
father, R. c. Thompson, told police.
Later the parole was turned over
to the father, happy in the appar-
ent comeback of the boy who had
obtained a job as bookkeeper.
But then, the father said, he found
the boy had issued several worthless
checks recently. So he turned back
to the law the son whose good be-
havior he had pledged.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Several Hundred
Rebels Surrender
to U. S. Marines
by United Press Leased Wire

WASHINGTON, July 31.-Rear
Admiral David E. Sellers, command
er of the special service squadron in
Nicaragua, reported to the navy to-
day that Gin addition to those al
ready reported, 3S9 Nicaraguan ex-
outlaws have registered with mariue
stations since July "a"
The ex-outlaws are believed to
have been followers of SANDING,
rebel leader. His cohorts have been
surrendering in small groups for
some months.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Coolidge Has
No Plans For
Aiding Hoover
Nv limited Press Leased Wire

SUPERIOR, Wis, July Sl.-Pres,
ident Coolidge has not formulated
any plans for participation in See
retary Hoover's campaign it was
announced officially here today.
The president was represented as
feeling his administration since
August 3, 1923, has been such as to
commend itself to the country ana
he believes that record sufficient to
constitute his share toward the
Hoover campaign.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Won Huenefeld
Seriously Ill

BERLIN, July 3l.-Baron Won
Huenefeld, of the German trans
Atlantic airplane Eremen, was Of
ficially reported in a serious con-
dition today after an operation fot
appendicitis
Attending physicians said Won
Huenefeld s condition was "ser-
ious, although as satisfactory as
could be expected in the circum'
stances.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
COMPOSER TO WED
By United Press Leased Wire

LOS ANGELES, July 3l.-Perey
Granger, of Chicago, nationally
known composer and director, here
today for series of concerts in
Hollywood Bowl, will be married to
Miss Viola Strom, Swedish poet and
artist, in the bowl the night of
August 9, he announced.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
School Teacher
Killed By Auto
by United Press Leased Wire

SANTA BARBARA, Califu July
3l.--Miss Sarah Sylvester, 30, tea.
cher at La Cumbre junior high
school, was struck down and killed
instantly last night by an automo-
bile driven by Kenneth 0. Rhodes,
l6-year-old Pasadena youth.
Rhodes, said to have received his
driver 5 license Saturday, told police
lie did not see the woman. lie was
released to his mother, Mrs Josph
o. Rhodes, pending an inquest to-
day.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Many Russian
Villages Wiped
Out By Floods
uy United Press Leased Wire

BERLIN, July 31.-Floods along
the Seia River have destroyed
fifty villages, a Moscow dispatch 10
the Lokal Anzciger said today.
Avalanches are plunging l5OI
feet down near bridge across the
Seia where a train containing 33U
persons is surrounded by water, the
dispatch continued.
Communications with ChabaroVsk
was reported cut off.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
Gospel Services
Said to Be Noisy
BY United Press Leased Wire

INGLEWOOD, Calf, july 81. -
The preaching and band playing in
the lnglewood tent branch of Aimee
Semple Mcpherson Four Square
gospel has been so bOisterous
that some action must be taken by
the city council, 81 residents petit
toned today.
The council decided to ask the
pastor, Rev. E. Z. Sturgeon, to rem
edy the condition.
The petition declared the charac-
ter of the services and the cloth en-
closure made it impossible for
many persons employed after mid
ngiht to sleep in the evening.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
YANKEE JUMPER SETS NEW
MARK AT OLYMPIC GAMES

First heat-schueller, Germany;
Henry Cumming, Newark A. G..
Time % seconds.
Second heat-Legg, South Africa !;
Gin, Great Britain. Time 2l.8 sec
onds.
Third heat-Chas. w. Paddock,
Los Angeles A. c.; Kugelberg,
Sweden. Time 21.S.
Fourth heat-Jackson V. Scholz,
New York A. c.; Nangeley, Great
Britain. Time 21.S.
Fifth heat-F'itzpatrick, Canada
Come GAIA, Mexico. Time % see
onds.
Hxth heat-Koernig, Germany
Williams, Canada. Charles f. Borah
Los Angeles A. c. was eliminated by
six inches.
Koernig's time was 21.6 seconds.
BOrah had led around the turn and
half way to the finish when Koer
mig caught and passed him.
Williams challenged Rorah and
they fought it out to the tape where
Borah weakened for an instant
and Williams flashed first over the
, line.
Koernig's time equalled the Olym.
pic record.
Paddock looked best of the
Americans today, although Scholz
just coasted in in his heat.
AMSTERDAM STADIUM, July
3l.-D. G.. A. Lowe, of England sue
cessfully defended his Olympic 500
meters championship by winning
that event with brilliant burst
of speed in the final today.
Byhlen of Sweden was second and
Engelhard of Germany was third.
Lowe won by five meters. HIS
time was on minute, SIS seconds,
breaking the former Olympic record
of 1:5l.9 made by Ted Meredith, of
the United States at the 1912 games
Elizabeth Robinson, of the Illinois
Women S A. c., scored the first
victory of the day for America
when she captured the girls 100
meter final
Eddie lIamm of Georgia Tech
won the broad jump, setting new
Olympic record,
| Hamm s distance in the broad
,, Jump was 7.73 meters (25 feet 1929
inches) made on his first attempt
of the day.
Gator of Haiti was second in the
broad jump and Alfred Bates of
Penn state third.
The other qualifiers for the broad
Jump finals were:
Meier of Germany, Kochermann
of Germany, Deboer of Holland and
Gator of Haiti. Gator was jumping
splendidly second only to Hamm.
De Hart Hubbard, the Cincinnati
negro, fouled on his first attempt
and injured his leg. His best jump
was III meters which was insult
ficient TO qualify him for the
finals. -ig...
Spectacular Finish
Phil Edwards, the Canadian
negro, was fourth in the 500 meters
and Lloyd Hahn, America 5 hope
| and favorite, was fifth.
The finish was one of the most
spectacular ever seen, with Lowe
taking the lead in the stretch in
great burst of speed.
Hahn took the lead at the start
of the race and apparently ran him
self out trying to shake off his
rivals.
Seraphim Martin of France was
sixth, Earl Fuller, of the Olympic
Club, California, seventh, Ray Wat
son, of the Illinois A. c. eighth, and
Keller, of France, ninth and last.
Miss Robinson s time in winning
the girls 100 meter final was l2.2
seconds. Miss Rosenfeld of Canada,
was second and Miss Smith, of Can
ada, third.
In trird and ostensibly final of
flclal announcement Miss Konopac-
ka's distance in the girls discus
throw was given as 1861 meters
Continued on Page g.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
REDIsCoUNT RATE
IS ESTABLISHED
by United Press Leased Wire

WASHINGTON, July 31.-The
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
has established a rediscount rate OF
five per cent on all class of maturi'
ties effective August /, the federal
reserve board announced today.
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31
American Olympics Team In Europe

o. Emopew at
m Egad ON to AE Their it be mo
hne al or
Imperial Valley press., 1928-07-31

Continued on Page g.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

ed by this epochal experiment and the
use of radium and its by-products.
But Sir Ernests work marks only a
beginning. Scientists feel an electrical
tremor in the air, forboding a startling
announcement. The common qualities
of many atoms has grounded belief in
many quarters that the so-called funda-
mental elements are interchangeable,
transmutable and closely related. IN
deed. Sir Ernest has already effected a
Jekyll-Hyde transmutation Of one ele-
ment into another.
Here we are thrown into the cauldrons
and crucibles of alchemy. Here we
verge on the honest conviction that
alchemists searched sanely even though
in vain. Can we make gold out of cop
per? Can we derive platinum from
cheaper metals? The alchemists work.
ed in a frenzy. Modern scientists go
about the business with cold-blooded
calculation and strike course that
does not insure personal profit or glory.
But even believing that the dreams of
alchemists are, we'll founded, the new
school of researchers is browsing around
for more potent tools, which, translated,
means mightier electrical voltages.
Alpha" particles, the most concen-
trated energy known to science. arc
expensive. aside from the fact that they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

cannot be subjected to control. Hope
for a more satisfactory substitute lies
in the development of methods OF pro-
ducing high electrical voltages and OF
handling them safely under laboratory
conditions. It is in this direction that
the Carnegie investigators are bending
efforts. DR.. Tuve said:
I'm an effort to develop a suitable
laboratory source of high electrical
pressures we adopted what Is known
as the high-frequency resonance COL.
Coils on the same principle were con-
structed in the 1905 by Nikola Tesla
and Elihu Thompson. Similar ones
have been used as demonstration toys
for the last 80 years.
Almost every high school student
has seen such toy in operation.
Sparks up to one foot long, represent
ing pressure of more than 100000 volts,
may be taken into the body from such
coils without harm because OF the high
frequency of the alternating current.
1.-THE principle is the same as that
operating in the familiar acouStical
example of a violin string vibrating
sympathetically when the string. tuned
to the same note, Is struck on nearby
piano. The same principle OF resonance
Or tuntIg is also familiar to all radio
enthusiasts.
THE coli consists Of 5000 turns Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

be represented by sphere 80 feet in
diameter, and the circumference OF the
atom itself by circle having dame
ter of 600 miles.
Even the modern microscopes fail
man in his study of entomology. Indi-
rect methods are employed. Instru-
ments have been devised to disrupt
atoms into their constituent parts, pro-
tons and electrons. Savants have
reached some positive conclusions re-
garding a thing far too small ever to
be seen.
On first attack, it was comparatively
easy to learn more about the external
structure of atoms; only the heavy
nucleus defled analysis and was unre-
sponsive to coaxing. 1t remained aloof
to persuasions of terrific heat, extreme
cold, huge pressure, chemical eXplo-
sions and the like. How, then, deal
with this hard-boiled customer?
Well. the nucleus stayed put" until
Sir Ernest Rutherford bombarded atomic
nuclei with high-powered ammunition
coming from radium at tremendous
velocities. When the radium radiations
scored bulls eye, the armored nucleus
was thrown apart, producing certain eff
fects which Sir Ernest was able to OBJ
serve And to this day. our knowledge
OF nuclear structure has been condition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11

infinitely smaller than the atom itself,
having a diameter of one ten-thou-
sandth of one hundred-millionth OF an
inch. That is, the heavy part OF the
atom occupies only one hundred-nlil.
lionth of the total volume OF the whole
Such hair-splitting analogies defy the
most fertile human imagination, even
though the figures themselves were de-
termined and tabulated by the human
mind.
TO grasp the meaning it is neces-
sary to resort to some picturesque
comparisons that bear out the truth
conveyed by cold figures. Deriving
these comparisons is a favorite indoor
snort of scientists, whose work would
otherwise remain inscrutable to people
at large. They say that if drop of
water were magnifled to the size of
mother earth the constituent atoms
would be the size of foot balls.
Again. If the constituent atoms in q
t,1mbler of water we're mixed with all
the water in the world and the tumbler
again filled, it would contain 1000 OF
And If the nucleus of hydrogen
atom were expanded to the size of a
pea, a single electron in the atom would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-11-11


mighty atom.
Already the Carnegie Institution Of
washington has, in the limited space
of a room, generated voltage of 81
100000 volts, the most virile electrical
current ever made by human ingenuity.
DR.. @. Brett and DR.. M. A. Tuve, who
have been working in the department
of terrestrial magnetism for years, are
confident that when the need asserts
itself, even higher voltages will be pro-
duced. DR.. Tuve will give full dis
cussion of how he and his associates
ere attempting to shatter the atom on
the night of November Is, in the Car
negie Institutions auditorium. Tnt
general public is invited, but seats must
be reserved in advance.
in existence, the General Electric Co.'S
Pittsfield installation is the largest. In
test, this expensive outfit gave off $780,
| 600 volts. The California Institute OF
Technology, at Pasadena. can produce
| 500. 900 volts; Stanford University, L.
| OO0. 900 volts, and there are few in
stallations in Europe with the same Ca
pacity. -
" for industrial testing and require
fig power as we'll as high voltage. But
| for scientific investigation high power
| is not essential; hence, less expensive
and small set generating high voltages
and low power is used by the Carnegie
scientists.
"Why generate such tremendous cleo
trical pressuresp" the layman might
ask. The physicist replies that 1t is
| the only practicable method of deter
mining the appearance, structure and
architecture of solid matter. The whole
! science of entomology has evoluted in
| the last few decades. Dalton, the Eng
| lishman. started 1t all. He described
| the atom, but gave 1t no design. An
other physicist told how the atom itself
is extremely complex. Then Bohr pic
posed of proton and electrons, the pro-
! ton being the nucleus, or sun" of this
! invisible system.
High voltages are tools in the study
! Of atomic structure. The department OF
! terrestrial magnetism has undertaken
this work with the idea in mind OF
throwing new light on magnetism, and
indirectly, on the phenomena of earth
magnetism. Further, it is hoped to
simulate on small scale the radia-
tfons which are supposed to be re-
sponsible for observed manifestations OF
terrestrial electricity.
ter is composed variously of 90 kinds
of atoms. grouped symmetrically into
complex unions called molecules. Com
bined in infinite numbers, the molecules
compose all solid objects.
The atoms are inflnitesimal, having
a diameter of about one hundred-mil-
lionths of an inch. Each atom has
positive and negative electrical charges,
called protons and electrons. Electrons
revolve around the protons Just as
planets revolve around our sun. The
proton is positive electricity. while cleo
irons are negatively charged.
The number arrangement and con-
figuration of electrons determines
whether this atom belongs to one Of
the 90-odd known elements, such as
hydrogen, sodium, platinum, gold and
copper.
= Almost all the atoms weight is con-
tered in the proton. or SUM-" which is