Evening star., 1928-10-10
TRAGEDY TINTS ROMANCE
OF JAMESTOWN WORSHIP,
First Church Made by Stretching Old Sail
Between Trees Day After Landing
on Soil of Virginia.

tional doctrine, who went to an alleged
ly Episcopalian church without any
sincere belief in its creed. Their ideas
were much closer to those of Freeman
than to the doctrine of the church
which refused him. ordination. So the
minister remained and the church went
out of the Episcopalian fold altogether.
Without strong authority there was
no way to stop them.
Next came the breaking away of the
Methodists. The followers of Wesley
and Whitefield up to this time had been
nominallv Episcopalians Wesley him.
self had been pastor of an Episcopal
church in Savannah. But the opinions
and methods of this group never had
been looked upon with favor. Ordlna-
tion was refused to some OF WeSleys
ministers. with the result that they
broke away from the church altogether
and set up a separate organization with
it's own bishops, Thomas Coke ana
Francis Asbury.
The Episcopal Church fell into time
of anathv. The country drifted into an
era of doubt such as often follows the
deep faith which accompanies a great
war. All the churches suffered. There
were no candidates for the ministry.
Tom Paine was the most popular autnor
of the day. In 1911, at the Eplscopal
College of William and Mary. students
publicly were debating "Whether Cnrls-
tianity Had Been Injurious or Bene-
fetal to Mankind" Leaders OF puohc
thought, such as Thomas Jefferson, mao
no great respect for churches. the
Unitarian movement was growing rap
idly in New England.
The Episcopalian bishops appear 10
have done little in this crisis. All had
left the energetic days OF youth oenlno
them. DIR, Smith went back to his COL
leee In Philadelphia. Bishop Madison
devoted himself to the College OF Will
liam and Mary and appears to nave
made little effort to restrain the opln-
ions of its students. Seabury became
obsessed with delusions OF grandeur
which were offensive to the other
bishops. He put forth manifestos to his
clergy reading. Il, Samuel, by Divine
permission, Bishop of Connecticut. issue
this Injunction" Bishop Provost re-
signed his diocese and spent his days
translating Tasso. Bishop White at
parish.
Apathy Shaken by War.
The church was shaken from this
apathy-to which many parallels may
be drawn today-by another war. The
religious enthusiasm Of the country was
revived by the War of 1872, and the
Episcopal Church, by the loyalty of its
members. was able to shake off the
suspicion of disloyalty wGch it had in
herited from the Revolution. New
bishops were elected and consecrated.
John Henry Hobart was made bishop
of New York and Alexander Griswold
became bishop of New England. Rich
ard Charming Moore and John Stark
Ravenscroft became bishops in Virginia
and North Carolina. GrisWold, In par
ticular, was a notable character. When
he became bishop the New England
States north of Connecticut had been
obliged to unite their forces in single
diocese, barely self sustaining. He left
Office with five dioceSes with bishops OF
their own.
Ravenscroft found four churches in
North Carolina and left 27. Moore
found five clergymen in Virginia and
left lO0 The Southern dioceses. where
the church had been strongest. had
suffered most from the Revolution.
They were suspected of loyalty to the
English state, and after the sufferings
which had been imposed upon them
by the British armies the Southern
people were little inclined to endure
anything English. The lands Of the
church had been taken away, the
churches destroyed. communion plate
stolen and baptismal fonts used for
watering troughs. Under such condi-
tions the new bishops worked to bring
about revival of religion.
Into the midst of this revival came
the great theological forces which were
splitting the church asunder in Eng
land. One party was drifting toward
evangelism, in the direction of Wesley
and Whitefield The other was drifting
toward authority. The oxford move
ment was under way in England and
eventually carried some of its foremost
leaders into the Roman Catholic
Church. Just as the evangelistic move
ment overfiowed into the Methodist
denomination.
The two movements had their rise
and leadership in England. but they
soon crossed the ocean. In 1919 the
General Theological Seminary was
opened in New York by the ecclesiaSti-
cal wing In 1923 the Virginia Theo-
logical Seminary was established at
Alexandria, emphasizing the evangelical
point of view. These parties have con-
tinued ever since, although the strife
never has been so bitter as In Eng
land. Few on 'either side have found
1t necessary to leave the church.
Missionary Movement.
The next great force in shaping
the destinies of the church was the
missionary movement. Waves OF popu-
lation were flowing over the mountains:
over the Ohio. and into the forests OF
Indiana and Illinois. At first the Ep1S-
copal Church, with its established seats
of government, made little enort 10
follow them. The evangeliStic churches
took full advantage of the opportunity.
This situation was remedied by
Bishops Philander Chase and James II.
Otev. Chase, the fourteenth child OF
country deacon, was born in log cabin
in Vermont. After taking orders he
became an itinerant missionary In the
northern and western parts Of the do
cese of New York Later he held
churches In New Orleans and Hartford,
but some time before 1918 ne pdshed
out into the newly settled plantations OF
Ohio. In that year the five clergymen
there elected him bishop. A dozen years
later he had disagreement with his
clergy. resigned, and moved on into the
Wilds OF Illinois There were then three
houses and fort on the site OF Chicago
In 1885 the three clergymen OF Illinois
and the laymen of their parishes elected
Chase their bishop. He founded two
dioceses and two colleges. To get funds
for the latter he went to England where
the curious combination OF frontiers
man, adventurer and clergyman at
tracted much attention and resulted In
substantial gifts.
Chase's mission to Ohio and Illinois
was paralleled by Otey's mission 10
tennessee and Kentucky. He went to
Tennessee as q school teacher. was
ka ntinad at a SarNice held by. a wander