Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-09-09

many than suspected at the time. II
formed plan after plan for the uprising
of the German proletar1at ...
At this time also the very men who
had proved successful in Russia, Lenin,
Trotsky and Djerzinsky, we're the chiefs
OF the Communist councils and they
worked out in detail the different
"putsche" in Germany. There we're so
many II was evident there was some
thing going on under the surface. but
1t is only through the split in the Com
n1unist parties in Germany. France and
elsewhere following the split in Russia,
that some of the details of the Kom-
intern's plans have leaked out
Take the year 1923. Those v..U nave
followed the Communist activities close
ly realize that this was the last year
there were any important Communist
uprislngs in Europe. but the rest of the
world cannot imagine the bitterness
which the mere thought of that year
arouses in all the old guard of Com
munists. For 1t marked the end Of their
hopes to being on a world revolution,
starting with Europe.
They turned away. after that year, In
disgust. and having nevertheless a con-
siderable resiliency. or they would never
have been revolutionists. they set their
hearts on China. Now China has let
them down and they have had to accept
!
olution is off, at least for this genera
ton.
Germany and Russia.
, Germany had to stand the shock of
| the most violent moments of their rev.
olutionary eArgy, but. as far as
, know. no one zas ever taken the trouble
to calculate the trouble caused by Ger
many during the four years they tried
10 turn 1t into sister Soviet state But
| even the superficial record shows 2 for
J mldable list of lost endeavors-a list
tnat is worth summarizing at this time
! when the Third Internationale is srf.
= tering its second big defeat.
: Its first effort was the Spartikist
/ movement, shortly after the revolution
: tnat prcc2Sed the armistice and endcd
J the war 1t began E~--:-.:--:. 81 isIR
and lasted until January II, 1919. The
communists, calling themselves Snar.
tlklsts, tried to capture the temnorarv
S Soclal democrat government Ebert and
: ocneldemann had established and 500
. people were killed, mostly in Berlin. be-
2 failed. ''Pu'oSn
In February and March occurred the
! communist uprisings in the Rul1r and
oaXony. In March the city of Berlin
was divided into two armed canns
hoenlgsoerg also had a Communist
$ uprising. There was real danger of
germany going Bolshsvik and there
we're local struggles throughout the
!, country. This period, known as the
= second Spartikist "putsch," cost the
. lives of 1000 more.
4 The next month. April. brought the
Soviet republics" of Munich and
t Braunschweig. simultaneously with
Bela kuns In Budapest. For a third
, LIN r.le IL iooked as II Germany might go
. after bloody street fights in Munich
] Dusseldorf. Offenbach. Erfurt and Weis
mar, to mention only the principal
ones. This time there were between
400 and 500 victims
{ The new government of the German
!. Republic. established at Weiniar. won
: out, ana Tor nine months there was
! comparative peace in Germany but
Maicn ~, 1920. began the second Ruhr
:. the Knapp putsch. red army was
organized in the Ruhr and held Essen,
. Muenlheim. Obsrhausen. Elberfeld and
) Dusseldorf for three weeks. The GOV.
eminent won It's first victory against
! the red army of the Ruhr at Wesel
: April L, and 1t was only on April that
sne req army was driven out of all
It's strongholds. Saxony had sinulta-
neously its red uprisingS. several Soviet
; republics were proclaimed, and it took
week for the government to get con-
troll OF Halle and Leipzig.
Uprisings Least Bloody.
: These uprisings proved to be tn.
least bloody of all the Communist ef-
torts In Germany. because they oc.
Cured prematurely, forced on BY the
. happ putSch, the one effort of the re-
dictionaries to re-establish by force the
monarchy IN Germany. There were less
than 100 killed. '@
There were only two sporadic upris-
ngs later on that Summer. Moscow
. sent orders to the German Connnunists
, they were not to act again except sc-
cordlng to concerted plan FINALLY
the Communists of middle Germany in
March. 1921. started another "putsch."
:. IL lasted II days and was serious. The
. Scnutzpolizei, composed mostly of old
, soldlers. put it down. Their losses were
"a Killed; SO wounded, l missing. They
killed about 400 revolutionistS Ths
third uprising in the Ruhr occurred At
TINS time and the first important up
, rising in Hamburg. but it was found by
the communists that they could not
arouse cohesive movement, and Mos
COW came down on them hard. They
were. Moscow ordered, to hold their
nfe until Germany was ready, as a
whole, to go Communist.
They worked for two years, 1921 to
1928 IS Germany went through the
double crisis of reoaraticns and the fall
OF the mark. The feverish industrial
activity. the rise of Hugo SHINES and
the other get-rich-quick jndustrialists.
was preparing for crash. according to
the calculations in Moscow.
The event which determined the
Communist leaders in Moscow finally to
let the German Communists prepare
what they expected to be the final blow
was the French occupation of the Ruir.
: They forced the German Communists
: to be patient during all the early part
, OF the occupation. during the spectacle
! lar fan OF the mark, during the separat-
list attempts on the Rhine and Luden-
j dortf and Hittlers' fascist 'putsch" IN
!, Munich. meaning to capitalize all these
into concerted nationwide Conmu-
mist uprising. Trotsky took charge in
Moscow and Karl Radel. from an ONCE
in the Soviet embassy in Berlin, was
directing operations on the spot.
Revolt Carefully Planned.
Under cover of the various Soviet
missions in Germany he brought in an
entire staff of revolutionary leaders and
had the revolution in Germany so care
fully organized he had general staff,
front commanders. liaison organiza-
ton established, and even a crew of
expert terrorists to COW the bourgeois
population
1t was, without doubt. the most care
fully prepared plan for a revolution In
another country which Moscow ever
worked out 1t was, to start with an
uprising in the Ruhr against the
; French troops, which. it was believed,
would confuse the issue. and give the
other Communist uprisings in Germany
such a start 1t would be impossible to
put them down
But plot of this importance could
not be kept entirely secret The Ger.