davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
THE STORY OF GEOLOGY. Allan
/. Benson. Cosmopolitan Book Cor
DoratiOn

THE STORY OF GEOLOGY. Allan
/, Benson. Cosmopolitan Book Cor
poration.
sulend,d example Of what recrea-
t,on diversion. amusement may prove
n he Here Is q man whose lie study
has been politics. whose business Is po-
llt!eal writings. But every one mas ~
play now and then. When Mr. he'lSels
turned 10 playtime he filled II WIN me
game Of chasing up the story OF ulsS
round earth upon which We i've, 40
epic Of classic times. no saga W s1is
North. no wonder tale OF the pure III
ventor OF tales and spinner OF yarns
ronld approach the thral Of this stu
nenao,,s record Of the making OF an
earth suited III all ways 10 oc the nome
and habitat.on OF man. Here ne mas.
nnnDily for readers. turned the amazing
account over for everybody IN read.
on. YES. 10 be sure, there nave Been
o,her stories OF geology Here Is one,
however. that is ble>Sedly simple, beau-
tifully free from mystiiying terms that
on!y the geoloeiSt himself can Under
stand, Here is also me absence on
pedantry. q deliberate avoidance ~ the
shibbolethS ot pure science instead
snlrndid seizure ~ the greatest story
In the world untoldS here before the
spelloound reader, Such rich story,
too. that unrollS thousands OF years as
II they were hours. limiting meanwhile
nc stretches of time that reach iato
millions OF wears Such questions as
are asked and In good measure an
zNered, Fur example, Were the coni-
nents once Joined. 50 that over the
Earth there WAS a single body " landN
Frhe theory projected as answer Is en-
crossing and plausible with the story
II The Ice caps comes an account az the
areat scientist. ionis AeaSSis, and his
contribution Ia u solution ~ the prob
lens that the different Ice ages pro-
nounded 10 man he tells ~ the earth
niaks that sent the Mississippi flowing
backward lie tells ~ Thousand
things Of SURPRISING surprise aud III"
trrest coming along from the beginning
If uiant life aud the story III coal And
bv and by NJ giant birds and how they
solved the problem az flight 80 With
other animals how they came ami
lived and moved forward into other
ft,nrtianal forms under the pressure ot
existence. And then the advent NJ man
himself The human race al expert"
ment hssun Id 900 900 wears asa" cut
If curiosity, driven hS all acquired I'M
asinaiion, man began In make use NJ
lire and toots gradually Widening his
activities aud powers, Man ~ social
creature, achieving wonders and stu,
mote wonders In the art ot living to-
gether. IN the sciences. tn the arts
saa far have We come, tinw far shall
We So" Such the statement. Such tina
question With which this gorgeous ssegl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
Outs and Ins.

tsnm tbs Santa Barbara Daily News.
There's this difference, An outlaw
frankly f0hs you III money. an ln-Isw
pf0misss W pay u back. =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Crashing the Party.

Crashing the Party.
The North Wind frolicked through the
scene.
We said. How could you be so mean?
The buds had ventured, one by one.
To greet the smiling OF the sun.
And then you came and spoiled the
game.
Say We. old North Wind. he. for
shame!"
North Wind gamboled without care.
And tossed his snow balls everywhere
He roared, Il am no petting thing.
Like Autumn grave or smiling Spring
Or Summer stuff: I'm truly fought"
We sighed. Why must you play SO
roughi"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31

A cold wave can be sufficiently severe
TO distract public attention even from
a crime wave.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
paradoxical Progress.

Fran the New York Herald Trlhuns,
just now there are more motor build"
ers than there are rad builders
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31

ends Fascinating ~ the mast mSckae
lauS ffstian. a. she e<sSt nasvte nn-
nteN nl,.Ee aASoselas thsp a novel III
ten thousand A 10y ~ u eA>Ak, an aM~
meaSe stimulation NJ tsee Seagce and
tAsn.lSl le.lt1lx
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
The Great Unknown.

l. nm the Toledo Blade
Some people travel incog. but most VI
lis remain al home, unknown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
Casual Reader.

Casual Reader.
The stories OF scandal my heart do not
touch.
The annals of crime don't amuse.
I look at the puzzles and picters an
such
An don't care darn for the news.
Jud Tunkins says fortune teller
sells good news so cheap that she is
entitled 10 consideration as a kind Of
philanthropist.
Mileage.
How many miles do you get TO the
gallon OF gas?"
II don't know" answered Mr.. Chug-
gins. Snow has been so heavy that
most Of the time I wasn't getting any
at all"
"Remorse, said HI Ho. the sage OF
Chinatown, rs usually a public apology
for faults that can no longer be con-
cealed."
Sameness.
My Radio, My Radio!
love your gentle tone.
The same old melody you blow
Upon the saxophone.
And Jazz" whose holiness rather
strange
We once could not forgive.
Al last, In times erratic change.
Seems quite conservative.
When man quits worryin." said
Uncle Eben, he has To take care not
u quit thinkin' at de same time"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31

Chaotic Assertions.
What do you intend TO advocate In
your next speech?"
Liberty" answered Senator Sor-
ghum. Liberty not only to hold an
opinion OF your own, but to go as far
as you like in interfering with the
opinion Of others"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
Part of Political Game.

Franz the Omaha WnrM ttel Ali
Things certainly are mixed up III
China. but Iusl look Al pAlahemal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31
Rate nv Carrier Within the City.

r-he Even,ng Star ~ 45c per month
The Evening and Sunday Star
when Sundaysl .... 6oc per month
The Evening and sunday Star
when & Sun6aysl CSC per month
TIE Sunday Star .,.. SC per copy
Collection made AZ the end 81 each month
Orders may I've sent in by mail or telephone.
Main 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1928-01-31

Aside from the queer sound Of the
falling snow. a hiss in the air an In
tangible yet none the less sure murmur,
there was not sound 10 be heard
This is the eerie stiffness OF the big
woods. the treacherous calm of the
vast plains. which insinuate them
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13
The Career of Comrade SkvOrzov-
StepanOy
By E. VARGA.

Comrade Ivan Ivanovitch Skvorzov TX. Stepanov)
born in February, $780, the of a humble
office worker After passing through the Moscow
Teachers Seminary he became teacher in Mos
town school where he remained up to May, 1895,
when he arrested and expelled from Moscow.
In the year 1901 he again arrested in Moscow,
few hours after he had been co-opted a member
of the Committee of the Russian Social Democratic
Labor Party. He banished to East Siberia for
three years. In the year 1905 he put forward
by the Bolsheviki candidate for the Duma. The
years 1911 to 1913 were spent in exile. Since 1905
he member of the editorial stats of various
Bolshevik newspapers and periodicals.
After the October Revolution he took over the
chief editorship of the organ of the Moscow Soviet
In the of 1917, Comrade Skvorzov
elected chairman of the Bolshevik fraction of the
Moscow town Duma.
Since the October Revolution he filled various re-
sponsibe posts in the Party. At the 18th Party
Congress he elected member of the c. C.
Since June, 1925, he responsible editor of the
'Isvestia."
In all spheres of his activity Comrade l. l.
Skvorzov- Stepanov stood for the orthodox feminist
line. He advocated this line in his activity in all
the various organizations with which he
nected. The many-sded activity of Comrade Skvor-
zovStepanov and his steadfast support of orthodox
Marxism exercised upon the international labor
rated with Lenin, whose knowledge of capitalism
to great extent determined by the tendency in
Dictated by the Russian Marxists.
The ranks of the Russian comrades who collabo-
rated with Lenn, whose knowledge OF capitalist
based their experience and who studied it
at first hand, becoming continually thinner 1t
is true have a young generation of COM
rades who trained in the Marxst school, which
is more numerous than at the time of Lenin. But
this generation which has grown up under the proe-
tartan dictatorship, has gained its knowledge of
capitalism more from books. For the generation
the oldest members of which are now 80 years of
age, capitalism is historical category, a form of
society which they know mainly theoretically or
from short journeys abroad 1t is difficult to study
capitalism in the shape of "our" Nep people.
With the departure of fighters of the old genera
ton the leadership of the revolutionary movement
and of the Communist International becomes more
complicated. In this the death of Comrade
Skvorzov-Stepanov means, although he did not i'm
mediately participate in the work of the Comintern
the death of of the oldest theoreticans of Marx
ism, severe loss to the international revolutionary
movement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13

imperialist war, they are not opposed to all
war. The abolition of chatte-slavery in the
United States came through war; the over
throw of monarchy and establishment of
once-revolutionary republics in this country
as well as in France was an act of war; the
struggle of the Nicaraguan people is an act
of war in the cause of freedom-and such
wars as those are thousand times justified
by history. The foundation of the Union of
Socialist Soviet Republics-the greatest act
of liberation, making for real peace through
the abolition of war and the source of war
was itself an act of civil war against i'm
perialist war, war of the masses against the
ruling parasite class which will make war as
long as it rules.
Those who, under the protection of the
police, carry peace" banners and do not at
the same time warn the workers, not only
that war is coming but that the only way
war can be abolished is by overthrowing the
capitalist class, are acting as the servants of
the imperialist war-maker
Wasn't it the miserable pacifist Woodrow
Wilson that put the United States into the
biggest and bloodiest war of all history?
Was this pacifist not elected on a pacifist
platform?
Capitalism plus pacifism-is imperialist
war plus the smoke-screen.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13

conditions are for work among the
farming masses, if we lack the work
ers to carry on systematic organiza-
tional drives among the farm labor
ers and the poor farmers, if we do
not use every means possible to re-
cruit these workers on the farms as
members of our Party, we cannot
make any Roadway with the Party's
agricultural work.
We also wish to call your atten-
ton to the fact that the Negro farm
workers and share troopers of the
South are fearfully exploited, being
virtually in a state of slavery, and it
is highly important that we carry on
energetic work among this class of
workers. We must train both young
white and Negro workers for active
work among the southern farming
masses.
The school which will be held at
Frederick, S. D., therefore, is of the
greatest significance for our entire
Party. We plan to have 25 to so
students attend, from five or six diff
ferent states in the farming section.
Two experienced teachers will be en-
ployed The students will be COM
posed of young farm workers who
have the intention of becoming ac-
tive Party workers among the agri-
cultural masses. 1t is with this and
il view that the students are being
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13
PARTY SCHOOL FOR LAND WORKERS

selected. The term of the school will
be at least six weeks.
AT meeting held at Belden, N.
D., on October 18th, a committee
was selected to spend three weeks in
the Dakotas, Montana and Mime
sofa for the purpose of explaining
the aims of the school to those in
terested and to raise the finances to
pay for the teachers, for board and
room for the students, etc.
We want to make this school a
success. We can make it as success
full as we want it to be if all the
comrades interested assist us as
much as they can. We want to make
this school a permanent feature of
the Party's work in the agricultural
section, and we are counting on your
support to give US the right kind of
a start.
1t will be a school for the farm
workers and poor farmers of this
country. No fees will be charged
the students. Please give us all the
help you can and as soon as possible.
Send dollar bill, or at least fifty
cent piece to train workers for our
agricultural work. Address your
letter to School Committee, Box 293,
Bismarck, North Dakota.
with Communist greetings,
Knutson, D. O., Agricul-
tural District"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13

The following letter announcing
the opening of Party school for
land workers has been received from
Alfred Knutson, Workers Party or
ganizer in the agricultural district.
Dear Comrades; We are going to
hold a Party School in November
and December this year at Fred
erick, S. D., for the workers on the
land, and we would like to call your
attention to this school and ask you
to help us get it organized.
"The agricultural work of the
Party is tagging behind, mainly for
the reason that we have but very
few workers who can actively assist
US in building the Party organiza-
ton among the working farmers and
farm workers. We must train or
ganizers for revolutionary work
among the farming masses.
Farming conditions are steadily
becoming worse, the appropriation
of the farming masses goes on
apace, the mortgage system and the
mechanization of farming are driv-
ing millions of workers and farm
ers off the land each year. There
is no question but that the time is
ripe and fully opportune for organic
ng the farm workers and poor farm
irs into our Party.
"Loe ever, no matter how ripe
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13
By Fred Ellis

membership more than half of the
100000 mine workers of West Vir-
ginia. The Logan County battle had
not yet been lost. The betrayals of
1922 which began the destruction of
the union in the Kanawha and Fair
mont fields were still in the future.
Today, West Virginia challenges
the National Miners Union as an
unorganized state, leading the coun-
try in coal production, in coal deaths,
and in low wages.
Who are the operators who have
been building up the coal production
in West Virginia? What interests
do they represent?
Formerly West Virginia opera
tors complained that the northern
operators were in a conspiracy with
the union to prevent the development
of the southern fields. Now the
northern operators have themselves
established larger interests in West
Virginia, and north and south show
united front against the union.
Everyone has heard about the
large West Virginia coal holdings
of U. S. Steel and the indirect hold
ings of the Pennsylvania Railroad
through its affiliated Norfolk and
Western Railway. And miners have
not forgotten how the West Vir-
ginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania
mines of Rockefeller's Consolidation
Coal were played against one an
other, with the connivance of John
L. Lewis, during the strike of 1922.
But that is not the whole story.
R. B. Mellon, director of the
Pennsylvania Railroad and DONNA
ting owner in the Pittsburgh Coal
Company, has been extending his
coal interests through other corpora
tions. In 1924, R. B. Mellon and
R. X. Mellon organized the Koppers
Company of Delaware as a holding
company,-a polite term for cor
poration which controls other COR
porations and skins the cream of
their profits. The Koppers SUBJ
salaries include several by-products
coke companies, construction COM
panies, ETC., and several coal COM
panies of which the following are
clearly operating in West Virginia:
Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining Co.,
Houston Coal Co., Thacker Coal and
Coke Co., and Tidewater Coal and
Coke Co. Incidentally Youngstown
Sheet and Tube participates in the
management of Elkhorn Piney Coal
and besides that has its own coal in
terests in West Virginia.)
And just the other day financial
papers quoted Secretary Andrew
Mellon as stating that his largest
coal investments are in the Kop-
pers mines in West Virginia and
Kentucky.
ITO Be Continued.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13
Expelled Member of
OAR Makes Charge
of Control by Army

Mrs. Mary F. mcfarland, of
Mountain Lakes, N. j., member Of
the Daughters of the American Re-
volution, has been expelled by the
National Board of that organization
because she disapproved of and pub
lished list of persons and organiza-
tions the D. A. r. had branded as
"reds."
Mrs. Mcfarland, who says she
will not make an appeal against the
expulsion in declaration stated that
the society advocates the continued
use of poison gas in warfare. "They
have been credulous agents." she
said, "of hysterical professional pro-
pagandists and of certain army Of
ficers who would keep the people
under military espionage and con-
troll. Allegiance to the society means
unquestioning obedience to orders
from the top down."
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13

Therefore West Virginia mines in
1927 turned out their 145,000,000
tons with about 100000 men, while
in Pennsylvania the 133,000,000 tons
were mined by about $4,000 men.
West Virginia coal mines have
other distinctions also. Of the lead
ing seven coal states West Virginia
has had steadily the highest death
rate from mine accidents. From
1916 to 1925 the average annual
death rate from mine accidents Gas
computed by the U. S. Bureau of
Mines, with adjustment for irregu-
larity of employment) was GLIB per
10000 mine workers in West Vir-
ginia and 80 per 10000 mine work
ers (soft coaD in Pennsylvania.
Colorado and certain other less i'm
portant coal states have had fatal
accident rates even higher than
West Virginia, but the hazards in
West Virginia have been far great
er than in the other leading states:
Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Illinois,
Alabama, Indiana, or Ohio.
The low wages in southern mines
are also proverbial. For a brief
period during the war boom West
Virginia miners are said to have
earned more than miners in Penn
sylvania, but the conservative u. S.
Coal Commission in 1924 assembled
a mass of material showing that
wage scales in the unorganized
states were far below the scales in
the union fields. The same thing
appears in the U. S. Bureau of La
Dor Statistics reports on mine
wages.
For every reason, one Of the most
urgent tasks of the National Min
ers' Union is the winning of these
unorganized West Virginia miners.
The task is also most difficult. For
a generation or more, the West Vir-
ginia operators have been assem-
bling and perfecting their weapons
against the union.
Their first weapon is the yellow
dog contract. Operators reckon
tat this.is sufficiently intimidating
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13

E. G. Mccullough, formerly vice
president of the U. M. w. A." Fos-
ter tells also how Dean Haggerty
withdrew relief in the midst of the
bitter Cabin Creek strike, and later
became himself an operator in this
anti-union field.
In West Virginia perhaps more
boldly than elsewhere, the operators
have commanded the machinery of
government against the workers.
And yet West Virginia miners
have repeatedly revolted. Before
1890 struggling local unions had led
local strikes in various parts of the
state. In 1887, some 20 mines in
Kanawha County went out 'togeth-
er. West Virginia delegates at
tended the conference which organ
lied the United Mine Workers in
1880, and two years later some
5000 mine workers in the Fairmont
field were out for three months, de-
handing union recognition and re-
lnstatement of men discharged for
union work. In 1894, two big strikes
involving nearly 10000 men spread
through the Kanawha and Panhan-
die districts. The big strike of 1897
in the northern coal states-of what
was then coming to be called the
central competitive field-pulled out
great numbers also in West Vir-
ginia.
Even in those earlier years the
west Virginia strikes were bitterly
fought. Strikebreakers were more
generally brought in than they were
in northern states, and a high per-
centage of the strikes were lost.
With the turn of the century
there began the historic battles for
union: at Stamford in 1902, in the
Paint Creek and Cabin Creek dis
tricts in 1912, in Logan and Mingo
Counties in 1919. The Fairmont and
Kanawha fields joined in the great
strike of 1922.
The operators hard-boiled view
was boldly stated at the hearings of
Senate Committee which took its
turn at investigating West Virginia
coal in 1921. William H. Coolidge
OF Boston, who is still chairman of
the exceedingly prosperous Island
Greek Coal Company operating in
Logan County, said: eve keep out
the organizers of the United Mine
Workers for exactly the same rea-
son that those whose pictures are in
the Rogues' Gallery are kept out of
lower New York" And yet, in 1920,
the U. M. w. A. could claim in its
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1928-11-13
Record Coal Producing State, Leading Union
Crusher. Challenges New Union

to keep the workers from starting
trouble" But its chief usefulness
is the handle it gives the courts for
issuing injunctions against union
activity by outside organizers. The
famous Hitchman Coal Case, in
which the United States Supreme
Court in 1917 upheld the lower
courts for the operator and against
the union, had originated in West
Virginia in 1907 John Mitchell,
then president of the United Mine
Workers, and other union officials
were the defendants in the case.
The courts held that union officials
could be enjoined from all efforts
to organize the company's employees
because the men had signed indi-
vidual agreements with the COM
pany that they would not join the
union.
The next weapon against unions
is the company village policed by
company employees. Company leases
frequently forbid the miners to
have strangers visit their homes.
Company police in many villages
challenge every unfamiliar face and
send out of town anyone who can
not prove that he is an employee or
a visiting salesman or preacher
armed with pass from the COM
pany office.
Yellow-dogs and company towns
and coal and iron police have their
own history also in Pennsylvania,
and the isolation of the company
village is bad enough there. But in
West Virginia the miners are more
successfully isolated than in Penn
sylvania. The villages are more re-
mote. There are few large towns,
and coal is the one important in
dustry in the state. The blacklisted
miner in West Virginia has even
greater difficulty than the miner
elsewhere in finding other work.
Another weapon of West Virginia
operators has been the corruption of
union leaders. Three times in the
past twenty years officials of the
U. M. W. A. have left the union to
work for associations of operators
in West Virginia. D. C. Kennedy.
for short time president of Dis
trlct II, went openly onto the paw
roll of the Kanawha operators in
1904. Tom l.. Lewis, International
president, in 1914 became secretary
OF the New River Coal Operators
Association. And, as Foster puts
it in "Misleaders of Labor" work
ing in this treachery with Lewis is