Evening star., 1928-06-17

were separated into three masses--the
men forced to lie down, their arms
across their backs. All this unhappy
multitude was divided among the Mon
/ gol warriors. who strangled and slashed
| them to death. excepting only four
hundred craftsmen, who were needed
| by the horde. and some children to be
kept as slaves.
The vacant dwellings were rarsacked
| by the Mongols. the walls ra2ed to the
ground and Tuii drew Off The only
survivors of the city. apparently, were
some 5000 Muhammadans. who had
concealed themselves in cellars and
conduits. and these did not live long.
| the city. hunted them down and left
the place empty of human life.
In this fashion, one by one. sister
cities were tvicked and stormed. At
one place some people saved themselves
by lying down among the knots of
bodies of those already slain. The
Mongo!s heard of this and an order
was issued to cut the heads from the
inhabitants In future. In the ruins
OF another city some few score of
PerSianS managed to survive. A troop
Of Mongols was sent back with orders
to exterminate the survivors. The no.
mads went into camp and tracked and
hunted down the miserable people with
less compunction than if they had been
animals
Survivors of the massacres lived on
50 shaken In spirit that they cared fer
nothing except to find food and to
hide. tn fearful II leave thu wood
grown debris. until the wolves who came
to the unburied dead exterminated them
or drove them away.
The nomads. valuing human life less
than the soil that could nouriSh grain
and beasts, were eradicating the cities.
Genghis Khan had paralyzed the grow
ing movement of rebellion-had broken
resistance before 1t could form against
him. He would allow no mercy.
Il forbid you," he said to his chiefs,
Ito show clemency to my enemies with
out an express order from me- Rigor
alone keeps such spirits dutiful. An
enemy conquered is not subdued, and
will always hate his new master"
he had not used such measures In the
Cobb, nor such utter cruelty In Cathay.
Here, in the world of Islam, he showed
himself verttab.e scourge. He re-
proved Tuli bitterly for sparing the In
habitants of Herat-with the exception
OF 10000 partiSans of the Sultan Jelai
ed-Din. And. in fact, Herat did rebel
against its yoke, putting to death its
Mongol governor.
But for Genghis Khan there was the
endless task of administration. While
he was directing military operations on
two fronts, he must keep In touch with
the council of the khanS in the Cobb.
Not content with messages, Genghis
Ehan made his Chinese councillors come
to him In the Hindu Kush. and-how-
ever they may have relished the wild
ride along cliff paths and over the
desert beds-rlo one complained.
To open up these new roads between
east and west. the Khan devised the
yam or Mongol horse post-the pony
express OF thirteenth-century Asia
For generations the Cobb clansmen
had been accustomed to pass news from
tent village TO tent village by mounted
messenger. When man galioped up
With a summons TO war, or q bit OF
gossip. some one in the ordu would
saddle his horse and relay the tidings
TO friends in the distance These mes
sengers were accustomed to ride so or
60 miles during the day.
y y ~
| A 8 Gengfis Khan extended his con-
quests, 1t was necessary to improve
@Ae yam At iIbS, IKE most sDI MS E1~
pedients for government, 1t was purely
| matter for the army. Permanent
camps were made at intervals along the
line OF march. and string OF horses
| left at each, with youths to tend them,
and few warriors TO keep Of thieves.
Where the horde had once passed, no
| stronger guard was necessary.
These camps-a few yIrts, shed for
hay and sacks Of barley in Winter
were perhaps a hundred miles apart,
strung along the caravan roads Up
| and down along this line OF communi-
cation went the treasure bearers, carry