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New Britain herald., 1928-02-28
By HARDIE MEAKIN.

IF you were asked to estimate the num-
 Der of persons in the United States who are unable to read and write you probably would recall having met one or two and having heard of several others, and more than likely you would mention some vague figures such as, About one oat of 10000" Then, if you were told that statistics gathered by War Depart ment officials shcw that one person out of four, instead of only one out of 10000, is unable to read and write, you would be astounded. Nevertheless, these figures one out of four-on illiteracy in the United States are true.
 Startling as the situation may appear to the reader, Uncle Sam himself was no less surprised. The findings on illiteracy in the United States, as given out by the Census Bureau recently were far belo~ < the alarming "one out of four" deter mined by the War Department. Census Bureau workers reported the illiterates ran about seven per cent or "one illiterate to every fourteen able to read and write. ' This, while being far from desirable, caused no great alarm.
 But the War Department officials brought out the records of drafted men it had kept during the war disclosing 24 per cent illterate instead of only seven per cent. Since this larger ratio is based on actual tests, it is considered more re- liable than the smaller ratio given out by the census workers.
 This marked difference of opinion ex- isting between two of Uncle Sam's in- stitutions as to the percentage of Hitter ates in the United States is natural one.
 The census worker went to the door of . house and asked many questions, in- cluded in which was one as to whether or not all could read and write. If Bill Jones could only write his name he would proudly answer to the effect that he could write. If he could read that name when he had written 1t, then he said he could read. The hurried census worker had no time or means of making further tests.
 But the War Department, in making it's estimate, did not take the drafted man or the recruits word for it when he said he could read. Numerous tests were devised. In the Denens Literacy Test four seriea of questions were asked.E The answers to all were "yes" or "no" and the man talk ing the test was given specified time to draw lines under the correct answers. If he could read and answer less than six of the %2 questions he was classified as il' uterate.
 Twenty -four per cent, or almost one. fourth of those taking this and similar tests made such poor showings as to come under the lowest classification. A group of questions from the Denens Literacy Test is reproduced on this page to show its fairness and simplicity.
 The Bureau of Education, created by Congress to seek standards in methods of teaching, is inclined to accept the War De. partment's figures as, correct and is en- dsavoring to lessen the high percentage
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28
 the

busses working at the same task. The busses call for the children before school and return them to their homes in the afternoon. It is this transportation sys- tenn which has made the consolidated schools possible.
 When the Bureau of Education was first created in 1867, after 25 years of effort on the part of teachers and super intendents throughout the country, it was known as the Department of Education The appropriation making it effective carried four salaries: a commissioner at $4,000 . year; chief clerk, $2,000; one clerk at $1 800, and another at sl,600.
 In creating the "Department' Congress said that it should, through the gathering of statistics, etc., promote the cause of education throughout the country" Two years later Congressional opponents of the plan looked upon it as failure be- cause it had not, within that brief time, "enlightened the mass of ignorance then existent"
 Under this criticism the Department was abolished and the Bureau of Educa- ton was created as part of the Depart msnt of the Interior. This change cost the commissioner of education reduction of $l ,000 annually in his personal salary and left one of the clerks unprovided for.
 Henry Barnard was the first commis- sionsr of education. He retained the position until 1870 when he was suc- cseded by John Eaton.
 A few yeary after John Eaton assumed charge tho Bureau of Education made what was termed an excellent showing. This has constantly grown until now, with the teachers and the public behind the idea, Congress appropriates about s400,- 900 annually. An additional $200,0O0 is given the Bureau annually to carry on the educational work in Alaska, which is directly in charge of the Bureau.
 The work in Alaska places schools. hospitals, orphanages and cooperative business enterprises under the comms- sioner. In addition to this the Bureau, for the benefit of the natives, has charge of the reindeer herds, service which has proved highly beneficial.
 This service began in 1890 when 16 reindeer were imported into Alaska. It was found that the natives of Alaska were eking out precarious existence upon the few whale, seal and walrus that they could catch. Across the Boring Straight, in Si- beria, but few miles from Alaska, with climate and country precisely similar,
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

secohuary Scnools or the various states amounted to 24,650.29l pupils, Of this number S,650,903 were in the public high schools. The average daily attendance in these schools for the year was l9,s3s,3s4. It cost the country as whole, out of the state taxes, $9S.10 for each pupil.
 The total amount expended for educa- ton .n the public schools in 1925 was about 2.87 per cent of the total income of thepeople of the United States for that year, says John J. Tigert, commissioner of education. Since this has proved in- sufficient, Uncle Sam plans to increase the amount for 1928.
 Of all taxes collected in 1925, 22.6 per cent of the whole was expended in education.
 One of the most difficult problems faced by the states in seeking to eradicate illiteracy is that of the rural schools There are approximately 100000 stu- dents enrolled in the rural schools in the open country or in villages and towns of 1000 population and less.
 In years past the country boy or Eirl who wished to learn to read and write was faced with the matter of transports tion. If the school was ten miles from his home 1t meant 20-mile trip daily on foot, by wagon or astride mule Better sFoaOs anu improved tT1nsporL3tlon 1Sclll' ties have had tendency latsly to lessen this difficulty.
 The one.teachsr school is slowly but surely fading out of the general plan. The greater ease of communication has helped to create the larger school whefe, with teachers for the various grades. tho country boy and girl are now receiving practically the same advantages as their city cousins.
 Referring to these schools as "consoli- dated and centralized" the Bureau of Education points out that they are being established at the rate of about 1000 . year. On the other hand, the one teacher schools are disappearing at the rate of xhout 5000 . year One con- solidated school usually takes the place of about five of the smaller and less efficient schools.
 Through the efforts of the Bureau of Education the states transport the chil- dren to and from the schools. This item costs close to $30, 0,000, ,000 year for the 4s states com bined. About 10000 busses are used regularly to transport the children. In addition to these there are about half as many more horse-drawn
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

were tens of thousands of tame reindeer supporting thousands of natives.
 The 16 were imported as an experi- ment. In 30 years they have increased to such an extent that they form wealth. producing industry affecting the entire costal region from Point Barrow to the Aleutian Islands.
 From this work of the Bureau of Edu- cation may yet come one of this country's largest sources of meat. There are ap- proximately 100000 square miles of tree less regions in Alaska, worthless for agri- culture, which could furnish grazing land for about 100000 reindeer
 No less creditable is the showing made by the Bureau of Education in the noun tain regions of Tennessee and Kentucky. By improving living conditions and in- creasing the incomes of the people, as it has done in Alaska, it hopes to instil the desire for education and thus in time wipe out illiteracy.
 It is with this in mind that the Bureau of Education becomes active in seemingly irrelevant independently in advocat- ing good roads. The Bureau recognizes that any improvement in transportation is followed swiftly by natural improve ment in educational facilities. South and North Carolina are pointed out as among tHe ldtest eAdHlpleS Ol lnlS reasoning.
 The mountains of Kentucky, lacking in good roads because so sparsely settled, have long been sore spot with those who would eradicate illiteracy. The early history of the rural Kentucky schools shows that conditions have always been far from satisfactory. A system of five trustees, with sixty-day term of school, has been replaced by a system of three trustees with To-day term of school which has brought about some improve ment
 But even now, with many schools open four months out of the year and then only partially attended, the situation in Ken lucky is bad.
 The War Departments figures show ing that about one-fourth, or 24 per cent, of the population of the United States are unable to read and write promises to bring increased activity in the elementary educational world for the year 1928. With attention thus centered on the appalling facts the Bureau of Education will be provided with the necessary funds and authority to take up it's work efficiently.
 A great part of the illiteracy in the United States is due to the negroes and
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

foreign inhabitants. Educating them is another work in which the Bureau of Edu- cation has become interested. Instances are shown where immigrants 60 and 70 years of age have entered night schools along .rd with psope and learned these were fairly we'll educated in their own tongues they were not chased as illiterates, but others were illiterate in every sense of the word.
 Figures compiled by the census work CTS, which are less alarming but are said to be less exact than those compiled by the War Department officials, show that
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

illiteracy among the foreign classes in the United States has steadily declined since 1890. During the ten year period lsSo- 1890, however, illiteracy among tho for eign born increased rapidly. This was due to the influx from Southern Europe during that time.
 The increase in primary education sincs the year 1900 is beginning to be appsrent among the negroes of the South. Very and write, but the literacy of the younger generations of negroes promises soon to compare favorably with that of the whites
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28
Exactly What Is an
 lUiterQte Told
 Here wih Figures and Tests by Which You Can Rute Yourself

THIS is another of the series of articles in which Uncle Sam ex- plains to Hardie Meakin. famous Washington correspondent. the in- tricate workings of our government. Today Meakin reveals, exclusively for this newspaper, that there are a startling number of HliterateS in the United States. Another article of this series will follow at an early date.
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28
and in time wipe it

and in time wipe it out entirely.
 This is a tremen- dous task. The proper procedure, according to the bureau, is to establish more schools and then more schools. The bureau itself can not establish these. Since education is pri- marily a state under taking the bureaus chief job is offering helpful advice.
 Reports from state departments of edu- cation compiled by the bureau disclose that all property used for public school pur- poses had a value of $4,252,000,000 at the end of 1925. No later figures are as yet available.
 Enrollm ents in public elementary and
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

  the Per Cont of Test Could Not Answsr Ssventh Correctly
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

examples of how properly con trolled precocity may lead to fame.
 The normal child, whose mind does not mature before the proper time, has a decided advantage in the race for fame and fortune. Parents of such children should be glad of it instead of envious of tho parents of brilliant offspring.
 Of 1.030 British geniuses of whom Havelock Ellis made a
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

MUSICAL PRODIGY.
 When Nine Ysars Old, Yehudi Msnuhin Made His Debut with the Violin in Symphony Orchestras. hand, Ellen Elizabeth Benson, the twelve-year-old girl whose first novel is now being sold, and Yehudi Menu hin, young San Francisco musical prodigy, are given by the scientists as
New Britain herald., 1928-02-28

TT is indeed . strange parent who is not inordinately proud over tho first = outcropping of genius" in an excep- tionally brilliant child. To change this would be going contrary to human k nature. But, in view of recent events, scientists are joining in . warning that precocity in . child should make its parents exercise ex. traordinary care in guarding
 such . child from the many pitfalls which await it.
 Over-development of the mind early in life may lead to either fame or disaster. The case of William Edward Hick- man, confessed Los Angeles kidnaper and murderer, is cited by the experts as an ex- ample of how prscocity may lead to disaster. On the other
The Ely miner., 1928-06-08

for peace time appropriations was set,
snd better than average record in
the disposition of legislative projects
vas made. A number of additional
appropriation items we're approved
this session, some If them running in
to the tens of millions dollars
Among these, the outstanding pro-
jects which have oeoome operative
through the signature of the President
are: the 1925 100000 Mississippi River
flood control bill, the SIPS 5,0O0,0 900 mer-
chant marine measure, 1922 GOO 900 tax
reduction program, and the Muscle
Shoals Act The passage of the alien
property bill closed an issue that has
been before Congress since the close
of the World War.
In addition to these, the equalization
fee farm relief measure was passed by
both the House and the Senate, but
received the Presidents veto, which
was sustained by the Senate by a
three-vote margin.
Summarized, additional major leg
islation OF the session is as follows:
Emergency officers retirement act, ap-
proved over Presidential veto.
Increase in pay for $4,000 Govern
ment employees.
Second, third and fourth-class
postal rate reductions; restoring to
use the one-cent post card.
Radio bill, extending the authority
of the Federal Radio Commission for
another year, and directing equitable
distribution of radiocasting licenses
and power.
Public buildings program in Wash
ington and throughout the country in
volving authorizations totalling $685.
000,O00
$15,000,OOO to extend disqualification
facilities of the Veterans Bureau.
Increase pensions of widows of Civil
War veterans, $20000OOO a year.
Increasing by an additional 10000
900 the existing $5,000,00 appropria-
ton for the operation of the Govern
ment-owned Mississippi river barge
lines, and their further extension and
development
Providing $75,OOO,OO for Federal aid
for State highway construction.
In addition to the emergency Off
GERS pay act, which was ratified over
the Presidents veto Congress also en-
acted over the Presidents veto a bill
granting a 1870 increase in allowances
TO fourth-claSS poStmaSterS, and a
1870 increase in pay to postal en-
ployes doing night work.
Other important measures enacted
into law were: ratification of war
debt settlement with Serbs, Croats
and Slovenes; waving of the applica-
ton of the quota provision Of the I'm
migration Act to wives or children of
citizens or prospective citizens; in
creasing the pay of employees of the
immigration and customs services;
authorizing a five-year program for
construction and maintenance of fish
hatcheries; private pension bills;
bridge construction authorizations;
improving housing facilities for the
Army, and other measures.
The Ely miner., 1928-06-08

The first session of the Seventieth
Congress came to an end at $50
%. m. May 29th. In the House the vote
for adjournment was overwhelming,
the vote being 154 to 9. In the Senate,
however, proponents of the Swing
Johnson Boulder Dam Bill, which was
passed by the House, endeavored to
prevent adjournment until that meas
ure was disposed of. On record vote,
however, the Senate voted for ad-
journment, and debate on the Boulder
Dam Bill ended with the adoption of
the adjournment resolution. and the
measure remains the unfinished busi-
ness of the Senate to be considered
at the opening of the second session
of the Seventieth Congress in Dec
ember The filibuster, which preceded
that argument, broke after the Senate
had been in continuous session for "a
hours in an attempt to break it. Sena-
tor Ashurst of Arizona, the f1libuster
leader, had occupied the floor for
nearly II hours, and his colleague,
Senator Hayden, had consumed 9ls
hours.
At this session, new high mark
The Ely miner., 1928-06-08
the Coach only ,585 &':s f':; fl;

base equipped with powerful
non-locking 4-wheel brakes %. and
with its worm-and-gear steering
mechanism fitted with ball bearings
throughout-it is everywhere
acclaimed the worlds most luxu-
rious low>priced automobile!
There are seven beautiful models to
choose from-each an outstanding
example of the body builders craft.
Come in and inspect them today.
Learn for yourself why families
everywhere are unanimously choos-
ing the Bigger and Better Chevrolet
The Ely miner., 1928-06-08
CHURCH NOTES

BETHANY ENGLISH LUTHERAN.
Corner Camp st. and Fifth Ave.
Sunday School. ol............9:30 A. M.
Junior Confirmation Glass 900
Regular Services IL 80 to 1870 A. M.
Song Service, Tuesday Evening, 1880
to $3.50.
The Bethany Mems Society held
very interesting meeting at the home
of Mr.. Andrew Sund. Rev. Arthur
Benson gave an instructive and very
interesting exposition of the third
chapter in the Book of Acts.
The public is cordially invited to at
tend all our services and meetings.
Rev. Arthur q. Benson, B. D., Pastor.
The Ely miner., 1928-06-08

Revealing in its beautiful bodies by
Fisher the comfort, style and ele~
gance that women all admire
offering the drive, dash and stamina
that men demand in an automobile
.. and so easy and safe to handle
that every mile at the wheel is a
pleasure
the Bigger and Better Chevrolet
is bringing new measure of motor
ing enjoyment to thousands of
families everywhere!
Providing the roominess, comfort
and roadabiiity of a 1O7>inch wheel
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15

Fire totally destroyed the home Of
Mrs. Zalete Rodonovich in Washoe
Saturday night. The unfortunate lady
was attending dancing party and
While away the home became ienited
IN some manner, the loss being total
one. Some insurance was carried but
the loss is severe one.
The Pythian Sisters Atlertistic club
met in regular session Thursday at
the K. P. hall Mrs. George Horton
and Mrs. John Baretta acted as CO.
hostesses. The business session was
followed by needlework for their
christmas bazaar which will be held
Dec. l IN the Carlevato store, located
south of the Purity bakery. The club
are devoting the hours at
Zach Of their meetings to some very
attractive things which will be offered
or sale at the bazaar.
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
II. Miller Scott Pastor

/
Office and Library in Parish House
Next Door to Church.
Services for Sunday, Nov. IS, as
follows:
Church school, 9:45 a. M; Mrs. R.
"A. Nutting, superintendent.
Morning worship at II. special
music by the choir. This service is
primarily for young people. The SER
mon will discuss certain traits of
those personalities which command
our greatest respect.
Young Peoples Society of Christian
Endeavor, $50. Leader, James Baxter
Meetings of the week as follows.
Monday after school, Beartooth Pio-
neers.
Tuesday evening, to s, Beartooth
Rangers.
Wednesday afternoon at 2 D. M.
Ladies Aid society
Wednesday evening, 7, to $50, troop
No. l, Boy Scouts of America.
Morning worship the fourth Sun
day, Nov 25, will be THANKSGIVING
service.
Those not attending other churches
are cordially welcome to the services
of this church.
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15
Earl V. Cline, United States con

Earl Y. Cline, United States com
missioner, and Ernest Smith, pro-
prletor of the Rex laundry. both Of
Billings, were visitors in Red Lodoe
Yesterday. They we're here attendino
TO matters in connection with the
coming Shrine ceremonial in BILLINGS
The issuance of marriage licenses
py Clerk Of Court G. L. Finley has
peen brisk the past week, four couples
naVlng NJ been granted the right to wed
Melvin N McLorinan and Jeneyieve
Iews, both Of Billings, secured a H.
cense c, last Wednesday, Arthur A
ohehey OF Roberts and Edna f. John
son OF Roberts secured license Fri
day Saturday one was granted Fred I
T. huhlman and Fay Merrifield Of Bill
llngs, and Tuesday one was granted
Lloyd Howard and Margaret Jones Of
Belfry. 80 -
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15

MRS. Frank Durant received word
lasl week that her son, Phillips. had
received his discharge from tbe na,su
fhiilips was in the hospital deparf
men nlah' at Great Lakes, III. He visited
with his wife here this summer.
MISS Jenny Salo was hostess to her
piano students at her home Fridsy
evening. A delightful musical pro.
gram was enjoyed by the students
wh,ch VIM was followed by musical games
ana at the close of the evenings en-
-eitalnment lovely refreshments wera
ierYed by che hostess.
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15

a party of three hunters from
tSo norLn Z n, Dakota, who have been out in
the nils with Ben Greenoueh as puide
arrived last week and returned home
by car. Ben stayed out and will not
return u until he has secured his game.
We wish to call your attention On
10 70 the resuming of Purple and Gold y
Tl me high school section in this paper.
:. Inc students believe the public is snf
tieiehtiy interested in their activities
TO merit this space in our paper-and
We We are pleased to cooperate with
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15
NATIONAL EDUCATION
WEEK OBSERVED IN
THE CITY SCHOOLS

National education week. observed
BY the city schools as visitors weat
closed Friday evening with a total Of
ooo Visitors reported by the six
schools. This is an increase of II
over last years report, when a total
Of 336 visitors attended recitations ~
observers. Only those callers ve.a
counted whose visits were at least Of
io minutes Many Of the visitors re-
NAMED for two and three 40-mingfe
sessions.
The Lincoln school reported the
largest number of visitors or a total
OF l09. The Washington was second
with 81, Roosevelt third with "a
Fleld school fourth, reporting 45. JET.
Ierson school fifth in place with Rs
visitors and Manual Arts registered
IN sixth place with 18 visitors for the I
week. Again a gratifying feature of
'he week was the substantial repre-
of the fathers counted |.
'mong the visitors. Il
Special talks featured the week,s
program at the Roosevelt school. On
tuesday, Miss Abigail Doran. county
uperlntendent of schools, spoke to the
anior nigh pupils on school finances
Attorney H. A. Simmons !
poke on the opportunity of securing
Il education.
The Carbon County news., 1928-11-15
FINNISH EVANGELICAL LUTH
ERAN CHURCH
L. n. WiIenius Pastor

Nov. 15-Ladies Aid at the home Of
MIS- j. karhu. Prize to be given
away-a beautiful hand embroidered
bedspread.
Nov. 25-Afternoon service at the
Matt Rajala farm at 80 p. m. Eve
nlng service in church at 730 p. m.
Nov. 27-At the Mike Hill farm IN
Roberts at 1870 p. m.
Nov. 29-Thanksgiving service at
chcufch, $3.50 p. m. Social in the
church parlors after service.