davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-09-29
Insurance Conference Ends.

The fiveday agency meeting of the
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co, at
the Hamilton Hotel. closed yesterday
with an banquet at which the prin-
cipal speakers were l.. A. Cert, gen.
eral agent, Of New York, whose
agency produced 35 millions Of bust
ness last year, and DIR. William r.
Ward, chief medical director of the
company. DIR. Ward is a member of
the Medico-Aotuarial Society and has
many friends in Washington aside
from those connected with his own
company. The insurance men were
much pleased with all their conven.
ton sessions. II. Lawrence Choate,
the local general agent, took an active
part in the proceedings.
Estimated net income Of Southern
Railway Co. for eight months ended
August 81, 1927, totaled 1865. 900
after taxes and charges, equivalent
after allowing for dividend require
ments on per cent preferred stock
to $7.87 share earned on outstanding
300, 900 shares of common stock. This
compares with $14,194.0 900, or $9.37 a
share on present share basis in same
period of 1926.
Estimated net income for August
was $2,349.000 after above charges,
against 1924 900 in August, 1926.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-09-29
MUCH GRAIN MARKETED

NEW YORK, September 20 R.-
Winnipeg dispatches say 1000 cars of
grain are being marketed daily on the
prairies. which would be exceeded in
the next 10 days should fine weather
continue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-09-29
TRADING BROADER
ON EXCHANGE HERE
Commerce and Savings Bank
Elects Board-Record In
vestment Year Seen.
BY EDWARD c. STONE.

The stockholders of the Bank OF
Commerce e. Savings held their an
nual meeting today in Alexandra, the
bank having been chartered under tne
laws of Virginia, and reelected the
following directors for the ensuing
year:
Maurice D. Rosenberg. Joseph San
ders w, A. Bennett, Irving Owings,
Joseph II. Milans, DIR. Clarence a.
Weaver, Alexander Wolf, John NJ.
Riordon. Louis Bush, A. Brylawski,
Floyd f. Davis. r. l.. Elliott. Ellie
Sheetz, G. +. Edwards, A. S. Galley
G.. A. Kneessi, M. A. Leese. Harry Il.
Mayer and F. +. Maury.
The stockholders will meet in few
DAYS at the call of the president
Maurice ID. Rosenberg, to organize
The stockholders were informed that
the past year has been most satlsfac'
tory in every way. The bank at Sew
enth and T. streets was practically re-
built some months ago and converted
into one of the most convenient and
attractive banking institutions in the
city. Another important step during
the year was the advancement of John
M. Riordon to be executive vice presi-
dent and of Frank Owings to fill the
vacancy as cashier.
The condition statement as Of June
80 last showed capital stock of
800 900, surplus and profits of
S155, 1877 and deposits of $2,293.720. To
tai resources were given as $2.144,-
671.74. AS surplus and undivided
profits are in excess of capital, the
bank is known as roll OF honor In
Stitution. TOday's meeting was the
twentieth anniversary and practically
all the stock was represented.
Trading Covers Wide Range.
Trading in local securities covered
wide range today at strong prices. The
opening sale was in Capital Traction
at 1861. Potomac Electric Power 8
per cent preferred came out at llO12.
while the 5h per cent stock climbed
to 1855, another new top. Washing
ton Gas scored a new high at 70 at
the opening and advanced still higher
to 1874 at the close. Chevy Chase
Dairy preferred came out at 106, and
Federal-American common again reg
istered 40.
d. G. Paper preferred sold at go.
Sanitary Grocery was active, but was
quoted fractionally lower. closing at
1929. Mergenthaler gained half
point to 112H. and stock trading
closed with a five.share sale of Nor
folk & Washington Steamboat Co. at
3O2. Bonds were neglected, Railway
& Electric As at 86M being the only
issue appearing on the board.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-09-29
Wright Aero % 55h 81 55M 81
Wrigley (t3h).. 62M 62B 62h 62M
Yellow Truck. .. 1874 "a 1885 34=
Vel Tr&Co pr (7) 80 80 80 80 Il
YungstnS&T(5). San SAN 81 84A

Hourly Sales on N. Y. Market.
IL a.m... $4,000 IL Me-. 1.118.200
1p.m.. 1.40S.200 2p.m... 1886, 500
Dividend rates as given in the above table
latest quarterly or half yearly declarations
Unless otherwise noted. extra or special divi.
dends are not Included.
:" Unit OF trading less than 100 shares.
7 Partly extra. ! Plus 20 in stock. Pay.
stock Paid this vear-no regular rate
b Ten per cent In common stock. payable
stock. Plus 1917 In stock. Plus 1850
share In stock b Plus 81 q share 10 special
stock. Plus SO in stock. j Plus 2R in
stock. k Payable tI40 Of share quarterly
in Glass stock ,u n "a Plq ls &c; IN s sto
Plus oae-halt Of cohamon stock. -. -.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-09-29
Two Offerings Announced Today.

Offering is made Of $6,500,OO0 6 per
cent convertible gold debentures, "se-
ries A." of the newly organized Ameri-
can Electric Power Corporation of
Delaware, by Bonbright & Co.. Inc,
and A. G. Allyn & Co. The debentures
are priced at 80 and accrued interest
to yield about COS per cent.
S. w. Straus & Co. are Offering an
issue of 100000 first mortgage fee 6
per cent serial gold bond certificates
of the 112 East Eighty-third Street
Realty Co., Inc, controlled by DR..
Harold M. Hayes and group of New
York City medical specialists.
Other Financial Notes.
The directors Of the American Bond
Co. of Washington have declared their
second quarterly dividend Of 2 per cent
on the preferred stock.
The 3. & O. directors have declared
quarterly dividend Of l per cent on
the preferred stock and III on the
common.
The Federal Reserve Board has
postponed the meeting here of the
governors and reserve agents until
after the A. B. A. convention at
Houston, Tex, beginning October "a.
The board Of trustees of the Better
Business Bureau had a luncheon today
at the Harrington, presided over by
Joshua Evans, jr., the chairman.
GraySon M. P. Murphy, head Of the
brokerage house by that name, and
j. G.. Pennypacker, a member Of the
firm, are spending a few days visiting
the Washington office.
President Joseph Schiavone Of the
international Exchange Bank. has
moved his newspaper into new quar-
tiers in the Schiavone Building adjoin-
ing the bank.
The Washington Bank Women's
Club has held it's first monthly meet
ing and dinner for the Winter, at
which Miss Lois NJ. White presided. A
most interesting program for the year
has been formulated.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
EXPERIMENTS AID
IGNITION SYSTEM
Bureau of Standards Work May
Result in More Efficiency,
Better Performance.

More efficient and better perform.
ance of the electrical ignition system
of the automobile may result from ex-
periments recently conducted at the
United States Bureau of Standards A
paper which describes the experiments
and their results will assist the de.
signer or tester of automotive ignition
equipment in analyzing the perform.
ance Of his apparatus in a scientific
way. the first step toward improve
ment.
1t generally is realized that the pro.
duction of power by the engine de.
pends on the proper operation of the
mechanism through a certain rather
complex succession of strokes known
as the engine cycle. One also knows
that the production of an igniting
spark inside the cylinder at the proper
instant is an essential part of this
engine cycle. 1t is realized less wide.
ly that to thus produce the spark
there must occur inside the spark coil
or magnetic another and in some ways
even more complicated cycle of elec-
trical operations.
The complete electrical cycle can be
plotted on the diagram and the effect
of changes both in external conditions,
such as the presence of carbon de.
posits on the spark plugs, and of in.
ternal construction. such as size of
condenser. can be predicted. The paper
also gives a detailed mathematical
discussion of the electrical changes
going on In the magnetic, under vari.
Gus assumed conditions.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
GASOLINE STABLE
SAYS SURVEY HERE
Tests Show Quality of Summer Fuel
Is Almost as Volatile as
That of Winter.

Tests recently conducted in Wash
ington, New York and other cities
representative of the more important
motor-fuel marketing centers. show
that the quality of gasoline being sold
is becoming more and more stabilized.
These tests are conducted semi-annu-
ally by the Bureau of Mines Begun
in 1920, the bureau recently completed
it's fifteenth test.
The results of the fifteenth semi
annual survey, made as of January.
1927. show that the motor gasoline
being marketed in the United States
this Winter is practically the same
as that sold a year ago. In fact, there
has been little change in the charac-
teristics of this commodity during the
year, as the gasoline sold last Sum
mer was almost as volatile as that
marketed last Winter. A summary
of the results of the Is surveys shows
a general tendency toward the max
ing of standardized product Usu-
ally there has been a distinct differ
ence between Winter and Sum
mer" gasoline, that marketed during
the Winter being more volatile than
that sold during the Summer This
Winter the difference between win.
ter" and Summer" gasoline is shown
only in the lower end of the distilla
ton range.
Besides Washington and New York
the recent survey was conducted in
Pittsburgh. Chicago. New Orleans. St
Louis, Denver, San Francisco, Bartles-
vile, Okla, and Laramie, Wyo.
Evening star., 1927-03-13

was at higher speed there was moth.
ing to be noticed but the skip. Obvi.
ously, the extra heat from idling was
making our way to a discovery of the
trouble even more difficult, so l
switched off the engine and suggested
TO the party that we admire the
scenery for Is minutes. That would
give the engine time to cool.
Smith was the first to remind me
that the Is minutes had elapsed. He
also was the first to recrank the en-
gine and hear it clank.
There's the noise"' he exclaimed.
Something must be broken"
That's broken piston" told him
at once. IT'S broken in half so the
top part rides free. When you
stopped. this free part blew up into
the upper part of the cylinder where
1t fitted tight enough to stay. The
rest of the piston which is working
with its connecting rod went about
its business noiselessly but permitted
gas and compression to leak into the
crankcaSe. Now that the engine s
cooled. this broken part has dropped
down and clanks."
''Well. what am going to do about
it?' Smith asked. II guess you'll
have to tow me-"
NyUnuer Is Out Uut.
NO" I replied. you can get home
on FIVE If you will observe a few sim
pie precautions. First let 'er idle until
the broken top of the piston heats and
expands enough to stick in the upper
cylinder wall. To help this along
we'll disconnect the plug to this cylin-
der and tape the end so 1t can't spark.
This will prevent any firing of gas on
top of the broken part and will keep
it from working against a downward
force
Smith tried this and found that he
got along tolerably well. He had to
drop back into second on grades. but
the clanking noise largely was elimi'
mated. Once or twice before reaching
home we were obliged to stop, but
each time he kept the engine running
so the free part of the piston would
not contract and drop down on the
moving part. Had there been any
possibility of the piston scorin gthe
cylinder, we could have dropped the
crankcase and removed the piston and
Its connecting rod.
Copyright 1921
Next Week.-Meeting MOnOxide.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
USE OF CHROMIUM
|. PLATING ENDORSED
Speaker Sees Auto Mocha
nism Protected and Perma-
nent Decorative Effects.

Prolongat ton of the life of meChan-
icaI parts subject to unusual wear or
temperature and the production of a
permanent decorative effect are the
main objects of the use of chromium
plating in automobile manufacture.
according to w. n. Phillips who spoke
on the subject at a recent meeting of
the Society of Automotive Engineers.
In describing the method followed
in applying the chromium surface.
Mr.. Phillips declared the first step
was to produce as smooth an under
surface as possible by plating the
parts with copper and nickel and
buffing them to high finish.
A steel base. when coated with
nickel plating 1-100Oth inch thick and
chromium plated. will withstand a
salt spray test for so to 100 hours,
whereas nickel plating alone of this
thickness will stand only Is hours
test. he pointed out. The chromium
does not tarnish under ordinary ex-
posure to weather, even along Florida
and Texas coasts. The cost of chro-
MUM plating, even over copper and
nickel, is not excessive.
The chief material used in chro-
MUM plating is chromium trioxide.
which contains about 80 per cent OF
chromium metal ana costs ABOUT 30
cents a pound. High current den
sites are used. with very short i'm
mersions in the plating baths. Hard
ness of the chromium can be con-
trolled. and ii can he deposited soft
enough to be buffed. but the greatest
luster can be obtained by depositing
1t in its bright, or hard, state. Light
coatings applied over nickel or copper
and nickel are extremely hard, and
win hold up under ordinary usage on
car parts for very long periods said
Mr.. Phillips.
Gauges used for testing sizes of car
parts, when plated with a coating
1-2000th inch thick, last indefinitely
When slightly worn they can be de.
plated and then plated again. Files
coated with chromium and used for
cutting soft metals do not become
clOgged with the soft metal.
1t has been determined what appli-
cations can be made of chromium to
bearing surfaces of an automobile,
Mr.. Phillips said, but in one instance
the Olds Motor Works used nearly
/ 1000 900 small spindles that were
chromium plated instead of being
hardened by carburizing or otherwise
and they stand up better than hard
ened spindles under very low bearing
loads per square inch but extreme
wearing conditions. Chromium plated
piston pins are now in production. and
it is expected that this use will be ex-
tended considerably.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
MODERN ANTILLES
NEED MORE AUTOS
Manufacturer Holds Each In
dividuaI Must Be
Provided For.

That much future expansion in the
automotive industry will result
through the acquisition of more cars
per family was the opinion expressed
recently by. r. Fl. Grant vice presi.
dent of the Chevrolet Motor Car Co.,
at the annual dinner of the Society of
Automotive Engineers in New York
This path of expansion Mr.. Grant
asserted, is the obvious one during
the next two or three years and prob
ably will increase the annual sales
by between II and Is per cent.
The telephone and rapid trans
portatiOn have made the family more
active than it used to be-" Mr. Grant
said. The idea of man taking the
transportation away from his family
just to get to his work and back will
be an oldfashioned one. The modern
family will have to be served with
enough transportation SO that all
members can get more out of life
From that source alone | think that
the market will be expanded in the
next year or so from 1000. 900 cars at
least to 100000 cars. and think
there are further possibilities in that
direction
Automobiles. generally speaking,
are bought and not sold" he contin-
in our industry. We let customers
come as result of an urge that they
may get because they have seen the
goods, because somebody has told
them about the goods or because they
can't wait any longer for somebody
to come around TO sell them. We vet
have to put into the sale of auto
mobiles sufficient amount of inten-
Sity so that we will disturb some of
the dignified gentlemen of this land
who have had plenty of money but
no solicitation to buy one of the most
important products in the world.
In addition. we have to take the
joke out of service, and we have done
considerable in that direction in the
industry in the last two or three years
| think most companies are improv-
ing and getting their dealer shops on
basis where the customer can really
get some service. If we know how to
capture the public imagination with
our advertising, now to get our sales
men into contact with people, and give
the service that we ought to give, we
are making people talk favorably in
stead of unfavorably about our prod
uct. and, as result, we naturally sell
more motor cars of some brand that
is handled in the right way The mar
ket will expand as people understand
in better way what motoring is do
ing economically"
Evening star., 1927-03-13
AUTO|STS WARNED
OF TOWING DANGER
Association Gives Tips on
Proper Method of
Pulling Cars.

Inexpert towing is the cause of a
growing number of automobile acci-
dents, and despite the improved auto
motive products of the day every
motorist should give some study to
the problem in order that. in an emer-
gency, he may have some facility in
driving a car that is towing another
or being towed.
This is the advice of experts of the
American Automobile Associations s
emergency road service. who declare
that, in two ways, the very improve
ment of automobiles is responsible for
many of the accidents that happen
while cars are being towed
I'm the first place." says an A. A. A.
Statement towing is becoming rela-
lively rare, and this is rendering driv-
ers less efficient in the emergency
when it becomes necessary to ask for
lift at the end Of towline. When
an inexperienced motorist is being
towed by another equally inexperi.
enced in that form of driving, condi-
tions are right for a mishap unless
caution is used.
1.-The greater power and fieXibility
of the modern automobile contributes
to this situation. The car of today
has power plant that is far more
adequate for pulling itself and Grip
pied machine than the engine of
earlier cars was for similar task"
This has resulted in a widespread
tendency to tow faster than conditions
warrant, the statement points out.
The following simple formula is sug
gested for drivers to follow when
when towing:
Agree on a signal system before
starting. This system must include
adequate warning for every turn,
grade, increase or decrease of speed
and for stopping.
Never exceed 20 miles an hour ex-
cept when approaching a steep grade
and only after warning the driver of
the towed car.
''Slow down at the top of every
HILL"
Members of the American Automo-
bile Association are given towing
service that is based on this advice,
1t is stated.
The advantage Of the system is said
to be reflected in the fact that it
never has resulted in an accident
when followed to the letter.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
ENGINEERS STUDY
AUTO HEADLIGHTS
Experts Seeking Some Plan
for Cutting Dangers OF
Night Driving.

In the hope OF removing some N
the dangers attendant on night driv
ing, electrical engineers arc seriously
studying the relationship which existf
between automobile headllghting and
driving speed. Low visibility at night
is one OF the main obstacles to the en-
joyment of driving after dark. AMI
the amount Of light thrown out by ths
headlights OF an automobile Is a fac
tor in determining the speed With
which one may safely drive.
AN automobile travelling at the
rate of 20 miles an hour, when its
headlights reveal an obstruction 100
feet ahead. allows the driver thres
and four-tenths seconds In which to
recognize the obstacle" states the
General Electric Review. which has
published the results of the study.
Assuming that one second is taken
for recognition and decision, there re-
main 20 feet for braking and other
action.
Speed Alters Problem.
THE same car and driver at 60
miles an hour have an entirely diff
ferent problem. The single second
taken for recognition and decision
would bring the car within IL feet
or within one.seventh of second of
the obstruction.
''It is obvious that safety at this
speed demands a recognition distance
of more than 100 feet. Assume 1t TO
be 200 feet and there remains liz
feet for braking.
Where 40 feet is ample for decel-
Grafton from 20 miles an hour. posi-.
bly, 200 feet would he required for
full stop from so miles an hour,
Real Trouble Appears.
THE obstruction must therefore he
first brought into view at 312 feet.
with no margin of safety for momen-
tary inattention or wrong decisions.
"To produce equal visibility by
means of an automobile headlight
would require 10 times the intensity
at S12 feet that easily served at 100
feet.
Let us assume that the more In.
tense beam has been produced as de-
sired. Then the real difficulties ap-
pear, for this more intense beam
must be more studiously planned and
more precisely formed to illuminate
the field of vision, and above all ii
must be more accurately controlled
to prevent 1t from producing a glare
for the approaching drivers
Evening star., 1927-03-13
Tobacco Smoke as Detector.

One of the most perplexing noises
In an automobile is the escape of gas
under pressure, either through leak.
ing gasket or a small hole in the ex-
haust pipe system. Because the gases
are passing at such terrific pressure,
the smaller the leak the sharper the
noise and the more serious the sound
appears. Exhaust and gasket leaks
usually can be discovered by blowing
tobacco smoke around the part sus-
pected
Evening star., 1927-03-13

January exports OF tire castings
from the United States totaled 1872. .959
castings. valued at 81 2.436 .99S. The
value of inner tubes exported aggre-
gated $263,729.
Evening star., 1927-03-13
When pistOns Break,


1t was one of those pleasant Sun
day afternoons when trouble with the
car is about as welcome as a rise in
the price of gasoline. But we had
trouble just the same, and the details
are worth recording.
Smith was in the lead when sud
denly | noticed him slowing down.
There was nothing ahead to justify
any extra precaution and | knew that
he had checked over the car carefully
before starting. He could not have
been out of gas. The tires all were
up. Why, then, was he stopping?
wait a minute he called to me
when | pulled alongside. I've brok-
en- something.
You've probably got a sticky
valve" l suggested. Don't let that
bother you. Pull over to the side of
the road and let's study it a bit"
Idling the engine seemed to run
quietly enough except that 1t was hit
ting on but five of its six cylinders.
That was a sure sign of valve trouble.
You wouldn't be quite so optimistic
if you had heard the noise it made, "
Smith said. "Ive had sticky valves,
but never anything quite like this.
MY first thought was that | had
frozen the engine by driving fast, but
that couldn't be the case with car
that has Travelled as far as this one
and particularly with the oil circulat-
ing properly"
Leak Sought at Valves.
Still. that skipping of the engine
was proof that gas was leaking from
one of the cylinders and where could
Ia l.
valve We had checked the spark
plugs and found them all right. Now
we began removing the cover plates
on the side of the engine to expose
the tappets.
Watching the tappets lift the valves
and the springs close them. it was
evident that everything was working
properly at this point. If a spring
had been broken it's valve would have
been slow to close and if any one of
the valves had been stuck there
would have been wide, constant and
very noticeable clearance at its tap
pet. Just to be certain that no valve
head was broken off, we removed
each spark plug in turn and. with the
engine running on the other cylinders,
looked through the opening and saw
the valve heads opening and closing
in proper sequence.
The trouble then began to look
mysterious.
The constant skipping as the engine
idled proved that compression was
being lost in one of the cylinders.
We quickly located the cylinder in
question in two ways: We shorted
it's plug and found that it worked
just as poorly with or without a
spark Then we opened the petcock
and found that there was very little
kissing When cylinder is on the
job, an open petcock will hiss loudly
on each compression and power
stroke.
Engine Allowed to Cool.
All the while the engine was idling
and heating a bit. When we came to
accelerate 1t to see how the situation
Evening star., 1927-03-13
Farmers Led All
as Yellowstone
Tourists i'm 1926

OF the thousands of motorists
who toured Yellowstone National
Park last Summer, the largest sin
gle class of workers was engaged
in agriculture, according to re-
ports. while the second largest
class of workers was composed of
statesmen.
Cars driven by farmers touring
Yellowstone totaled $3.50, and
those driven by statesmen aggre-
gated 2,468.