davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13
PeaceabIe to the Last

In his later years, Joseph was not a
disturber; he remembered his promise
n he kept it. He kept it indeed better
than many a paroled white would have
done; it was lived up to in spirit as we'll
as in letter. Not only did he refrain from
making any trouble himself, but his
n were always for peace. He real
lied the hopeleSsness Of a struggle.
aaginst the white invasion and he adopt
ed the curse that seemed to him wisest.
Chariot a MalcOntent
The case of the Nez Perces was almost
an exact parallel with the treatment
which Chief Chariot n his Saleeshes Of
the Bitter Root valley received from the
government. Chariot, however, refrained
from any act Of violence against the
whites. When Joseph sent Chariot an
invitation to participate in the march
out OF the country, the latter refused.
But Chariot remained sullen and morose,
a perpetual trouble breeder on the res
e%rvation; a chronic malcontent. Joseph,
on the other hand, became a model In
dian after his brief struggle against the
inevitable had been decided.
Chariot a MalcOntent
When Chariot had his famous confer
ence with Senator Vest, Major Martin
Maginnis and others regarding his pro-
posed departure from the Bitter Roo val
ley, he referred to this incident. He
said that his father, Victor, had well
coined Lewis and Clark and helped them
on their journey; that during the inter
vening years no white man had been
killed by the Flathead Indians in any
thing that looked like hostility; that re-
Gently when his kinsman Joseph OF the
Nez Perces had come over the mountains
and asked him to join with him in his
war upon the whites, he told him that
he would not do so. He said that he
told Joseph he woul not join the whites,
n that so far as the Saleeshes were
concerned, Joseph might march through
the valley if he would do so ~peaceably;
but that if he took anything belonging
to the white men, or even killed a calf,
then he (Charlot) would join forces with
the white men.
Was Greatest of Indian Leaders
Joseph's resentment against the whites
was of the same nature as that Of Char
lot, but it found vent in a different man
ner. Instead Of remaining sullenly in
the Wallowa valley, Joseph determined
to leave the country entirely. Nom
familiar with the circumstances and
events believes hat Joseph at any time
intended to wage war against the whites
Had he been on the warpath, it would
have been a very simple matter for him
to Stay the soldiers and volunteers who
opposed him in LolO pass. Much rather
however, he left the members of this
force sleeping and marched quietly
around them.
Whatever may be the general opinion
held as to the justice Of the course pur-
sued by Chief Joseph and as to the
righteousness Of the aus he tried tx
: uphold, there can be but one opinion re-
= garding the man himself-he was thC
greatest Indian leader Of all times.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13
Community Club Organized

At a recent meeting Of $50 farm peo-
pie of the Sun River n Fort Shaw
communities, the second Farm Commun-
ity club of Cascade county was organized.
E. F. Hockersmith was elected president;
]. F. Hancock, vice president; Mrs. Ray
Atkinson, secretary-treasurer, and Mrs.
Bradford Clark, chairman of the program
committee. The club will make a special
effort to boost All club work in the COM
munity and it is expected that at least
so of the local boys and girls will be en-
gagged in this work this season.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13
Board Members Re-appOinted

Governor Erickson has reappointed n
member of each of seven local institu-
tional executive boards and named JUL
ian A. Knight of Twin Bridges as a mem
Der of the board of the state orphans
home to succeed Miss Delilah Raymond.
The re-appoints were J.. H. Baker, Boze-
man, executive board Of the state col
lege; M. H. Parker, Boulder, board Of
school for deaf and blind; John M. Keith,
Missoula, board Of state university; Sam
uel Barker, Jr., Butte, school Of mines;
Fred R. Savage, Miles City, industrial
school; Hugh L. McCaleb, Dillon, normal
college; and Mrs. Lola B. Ives, Helena.
vocational school for girls. The new
terms end April 10, 1881.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13

populous people, ~inhabiting the valley of
Snake river and extending to the Salmon
and Clearwater rivers, west from the Bit
ter Root mountains. Their men were
brave, their women virtuous and their
country was one Of the finest in all the
region. They were superior in many re-
SpectS to most of the tribes that roVed
throughout the northwest.
OF this people Joseph II. was a worthy
chief. Strong, alert, intelligent; albeit,
disdainful n naughty at times, he was
the idol Of his followers. When he led
his people GU Of the valley that had
been their home for generations, it was
not to give battle to the whites, but to
find a new home for the Nez Perces
whom he believed had been treacherously
eminent and thus wrongly deprived of
the valley to which they were strongly
attached by history and tradition.
Battle of the Big Hole
The battles hat were staged along the
route of the famous march were not of
JoSeph'S seeking; he had not crossed the
mountains to fight the whites; but, when
it became necessary, he and his warriors
fought as Indians had never fought be-
fore and have never fought since.
In the Battle of the Big Hole in 1877
the Nez PerceS proved themselves mag
niicent fighters, but after different tao
tics and more valorous han was rue Of
the tribes that h American soldiers hac
on previous occasions tried conclusions
with. They fought as bravely and as
fairly as did their white enemies, anC
they commanded the respect of the vet
Grams numbered among the forces thai
had been pitted against them.
In h first clash of the famous Battle
of the Big Hole, the iftieth anniversary
Of which will be concentrated in
couple of months, the Nez Perces were
driven back, but they did not scatter anC
lose their heads; they were led by a mas
ter in the art of war, although this wa
his first encounter with the whites; anC
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13

historic Big
country fifty years
ago.
1t is just a half
century age that
Chief Joseph II. left
the Wallowa valley
in IDAHO in his flu
tile effort to pilot
his people out Of a
country whose gov
eminent, in i S
opinion, had a
his people in a
shameless manner.
The famous march
" ~ n---a -
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13
calls Hearing at Acton

At Acton, May "a, the state railroad
commission viii hold a public hearing
on the application of the Great Northern
railway to close that station, the commits
sion has announced. The railroad as
serts insufficient business at present or
in prospect to warrant continuance of
station facilities.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13

Wv YHEN the thousands of Americans
M doth red and white) have gath
Wv cred on the ridge that forms the
headwaters of the main fork Of
the Big Hole river, in August of this
year. that gathering will be in marked
contrast to that which convened in the
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-05-13
(By DAN r.

The storm may drive to bush and den
The creatures Of the field and fen,
But neither storm nor darksOme night,
Nor ice-bOund stream nor frOwning height,
Could check or turn or put to fight
This irOn-hearted man.
With apologies to Joseph Mills Hanson.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
SPECIAL AUTO PLATES

The attaching of professional plates to automobiles moves on apace. Massachusetts, granddaddy of all righteous and idealistic legisla- tion--so 1t Is alleged-naturally Is in the vanguard. Clergymen in that state now will have the privilege of displaying square enamelled blue plate bearing a white Latin cross on their automobiles Traffic officers will please take notice; and other states will please copy.
 Physicians in various states, tn- cluding Connecticut, have already been wearing" green cross on their automobiles. This is supposed to impress traffic officers with the fact they are physicians and may be hurrying to make calls Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't.
 Without being unduly pessimistic or optimistic, depending upon the state of mind-we have no doubt that In due time the lawyers will also have professional plates on their cars. Then the civil engineers, the architects. Perhaps 2 very dis tinctive plate could be devised by the advertising writers for their en- ployers, the merchants. Factory executives might also draw upon the ingenuity of their advertising and publicity departments for some unique emblem. Such travelling representatives who use automo- piles a good deal might have one picturing a we'll man car rying a grip"
 As for the reporters, newspaper editors and press writers generally, they'll have none of this class dis tinction. In the first place. they can't see traffic lights or traffic policemen anyhow; in the second place, they don't believe in special privileges. Let there be democracy and plenty of 1t.
 Our tip to traffic policemen gen. erally. especially those in Massachu- setts is not to pay attention to any Of these special plates.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
BOOTLEGGING INCOME AND INCOME TAX

The income tax law seems to be one of those things possessing loop holes for almost any purpose. Thus We find that bootleggers, engaged in an illegal occupation. one which would send them to jail if caught, can with entire equanimity and without pickering an eyebrow, pay their share Of income taxes from bootlegging profits. All they need 10 do-what. in fact, they are encour- aged to do by the internal revenue asents-is 10 put the income down in the clause calling for revenue from other sources
 Bootlcggcrs who prefer 10 play safe when dealing with the govern ment, honest fellows who would lose sleep at night if they realized a monetary delinquency had been committed. will be glad to conform with the law and give Uncle Sam a fat check.
 This method eliminates the pos sibility Of embarrassing questions. Suppose, for instance, q gentleman of no generally known mode of live lihood were discovered by the watchful revenue agents as a con- sistent operator of high powered and expensive car. The question naturally would arise, where does he get it?" Reference to his income tax payment would disclose prac- 'ically no income. The resulting trouble for the gentleman of un- known means Of livelihood can be easily imagined.
 Under the present system all such embarrassment Is delightfully avoided. Tho bootlegger pays his income tax and Is left alone.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
STILL PLYING THE LASH

In spite of what some horror stricken editors can do about if, Canadian justice still leans to the lash. Some time ago we referred in these columns to an official beating pronounced upon a negro prisoner in Ontario, the judge telling the world the same thing would hap pen to any white man brought be- fore him on the same charge, be he rich or poor.
 Scarcely had this had time to arouse the indignations of folk who sometimes show a tendency to sympathize with criminals when an- other instance of the kind comes to light from that sector. It appears that Magistrate Smith 0. Windsor, Ontario. which is across the river from Detroit, thought gangs of rob- bccs needed a lesson. Five men were before him, charged with highway robbery. and they were kind enough to admit their guilt. The gang lead CT was given l5 years in prison and 10 lashes: another was given 10 years and 10 lashes; the others seven years and 10 lashes each.
 Crooks from Detroit who cross the river to ply their trade" in On- tario certainly show poor judg- ment; in truth. 1t might be taken as prima facie evidence that they are out of their minds.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
JUGGLING JUDGES IN CONNECTICUT

Connecticut frequently points Q finger of derision at New York and many other states where judges are elected instead of being appointed. How can a judge be impartial, it Is asked. if he has to go before the people" before attaining office,
 Tn Connecticut judges do not go before the people," they merely stand in with the politicians at Hartford.
 To wit: An example in Waterbury.
 The district court in the Brass City Is supplanted by court of common pleas. Perhaps the change was justified.
 Judge w. D. Makepeace, who was the senior judge of the district court in Waterbury. one would think was entitled to become the judge of the new court of common pleas.
 But Judge Makepeace did not en- joy the aurora borealis Of political favor. That is undisputed It may be unnecessary to add that Judge Makepeace has been summarily dropped.
 Judge Harry J. Beardsley. who was the junior judge of the district court, has been named as presiding head of the new court. Both are young men. compara- lively speaking. Judge Makepeace was not ditched on account of his ! age.
 Judge Eeardsley is a genial and popular man. But these admirable personal qualities are not the quail fications for judicial appointment. The bar in Waterbury had assumed all along that the senior judge of the district court would be appoint ed to the new court of common pleas; in other words. 1t was expect ed that Judge Makepeace would get the job.
 Some time ago Judge Beardsley was mentioned for an appointment to the superior court bench. The proposed appointment was heartily approved by the governor Of the state. But opposition developed and the appointment was not made. At- tention then turned to the district court, with the result that it Is supplanted by a new court with Judge Beardsley at its head.
 Judges are not elected in Con- necticut because 1t would put them into politics" or course, under the appointive system none ever have the slightest interest in politics. Not at all. At least, Judge Makepeace didn't,
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
25 Fears Ago Today

Cars will be run on a quicker schedule to Berlin this summer:
 2O-mnute service to Berlin center and Berlin station will be given. There have been no complaints about the present 40-mintue sched-
 ule, but Manager Terry is looking ahead to the increased summer
 travel. The open trolley car made it's bow this morning, running for
 few hours on the East Main street
 line.
 A. P. Marsh has purchased the building formerly used as ali office by the Landers, Frary & Clark Co. on Commercial street. He will re-
 move it and use it as barn. -
 In his campaign for increased salary, City Clerk Thompson today
 wrote the city clerks in this state
 and Massachusetts, asking them
 about their duties and remunera- tion.
 Chairman Hall, Superintendent Harris, and Inspector OBrlen made a trip to Roaring Brook yesterday
 and inspected q minor leak in one
 of the pipes.
 The uncertainty of automobile riding was shown today when shrunken wreck was hauled through the city at the rear end of a truck, the horses of which seemed quite proud of their opportunity 10 show
 the rival mode of transportation at it's worst.
 Twenty lots were sold in Seymour
 park yesterday, and by fall thls IS expected to be one of the most
 beautiful sections of the city.
 L. A. Nibberts has objected to the proposed grade on the Hartford
 road where it runs down toWards
 H. M. Clark's place. There IS hill which will require some cutting and some filling in further down, and it is this which causes Mir Nlb- berts to object.
 There was a large attendance last night at the opening Of inc Swedish Lutheran bazaar in Holmes
 & Hoffman's hall. There were re- marks by Mayor Bassett and Rev. S. G, Ohman, as well as songs by the well known duet, Seipel and Zimmerman.
 l Postmaster Judd received a let ter today authorizing the removal of the post office 10 the Russ"ih | building; this constitutes a victory for the city. The removal Will De made about September 1, 1t being necessary to await the shift of inc Savings bank to it's new quarters. After seven months Of dickering between the city and the electric light company, the fight conducted l by Alderman o. F. Curtis has borne fruit in concession made by the company; 1t offered the lights at sS each. MT. Curtis this morning did not think the offer was liberal as it might be. There is apt to be
 a hitch in the contract, for one
 clause calls for six new lights each year for the next four years. Many think this would be a useless waste
 of money.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30

on the whole. well received espe- temporary preamble to the consti- tuition as set forth by the portfolio of a two-thirds territorial rule. The underlying idea was simplicity i'll itself. according to the profes- sor, and that was, namely, that a nation make known its embarrass- ment to the grievance committee of the League which in turn would sift boil down, and purify the embar- rassment and turn it over 10 a com mittee of international barrsters who would classify it as important, picayune. or. in diplomatic par lance, most extraordinary. With these prelil mary steps as guide. the brief would be filed for the consideration of the body assem- bled, with debate limited to five minutes before the League. In the event that more than five minutes
 is required, two-thirds vote of those present would have 10 be asked with the countries directly involved present but not voting. The final vote to be submitted 10 the legislative bodies of the coun- tnies in question and if they filed a brief of continued embarrassment, the original grievement augmented with further ramifications would be started with added momentum through committees, sub-commit- tees. and special commissions for the final digestion of the League in polite body assembled.
 At the conclusion of the Profos- sor's speech, the applaus did not subside until he had left the room"
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
GAS IN THE TUNNEL

The piquant curiosity of autoists generally has been aroused regard ing the possibility of dying from the effects of carbon monoxide gas in the Holland vehicular tunnel be- tween New York and Jersey City, soon to be opened to traffic. To such as have claimed that thousands of motors passing through the long bore would generate so much gas that there would be constant dan- ger of succumbing the report of of- ficials of the '. s. bureau of mines will be found reassuring
 According to the engineers the tunnel space can become contami- mated with six parts of monoxide in 10000 parts of air without serious injury. even though this contami- mated air were breathed for an hour. especially If strenuous exer- ton is not indulged in meanwhile.
 It will be remembered that during a first test the air in the tunnel was found to be too much contaminated. Since that time additional fans and equipment to keep the gas and air moving has been installed. It would have been ridiculous If engineering skill should have succeeded in pro- ducine such great bore under the Hudson only 10 find no means to keep it safe. Of course. the problem will be or has been solved.
 The tunnel will soon be opened to the public. A vast congestion of traffic through it is anticipated. In five years or so a vehicular bridge across the Hudson will be complct- ed. Meanwhile there is talk of build- ing another tunnel or bridge. New York never catches up to it's traf- fife needs. In this respect, however, the metropolis is not in class by itself.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
RAILROAD EARNINGS IN NEW ENGLAND

Both the New Haven railroad and the Boston & Maine suffered con- siderable decrease in income dur ing March compared with March of last year, a decrease in both net and gross which cannot be explained en- tirely on the ground that more op- portunities were present 10 lay rails and improve equipment and stations during the month, due to the mild and favorable weather.
 The trend is particularly signifi- cant in view of the fact that some Of the more important eastern trunk lines showed q substantial increase compared with last year.
 IT 6nc is to confine an analysis 10 New England one need go no further than the Bangor & Aroostook railroad. little inde- pendent line which has enjoyed consistently good management. The Bangor line showed substantial increase in earnings in the month.
 Ky way Of drawing comparisons here are the figures for the New Haven and the E. X NJ. for March: New Haven gross income was s474.- 0l0 less than for March last year. The net income was sG35,533, con- pared with sl,l06,1ls last year. The Boston X. Maine had falling off of $9ll,Ios in operating revenue dur ing the month. The net income was $Gf3, 516. compared with net of s1129, 902 for the month last year.
 Part or the decrease this year as compared with last year was no doubt due to changed conditions. March, 1926, saw the end Of the coal strike which resulted in an ex- traordinaiy heavy movement of coal that month. This stimulation was ab- sent this year. Yet when one con- Siders the earnings of the New Haven for the first three months this year and compares them with the same three months last year a not much different story is unfold
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
DYNAMTTTNG THE IENEE TO SAVE NEW ORLEANS

Dynamiting of the levce below New Orleans in order to save the largest city in the south from be- ing devastated by the mighty waters Of the Mississippi river will go down in history as one of the most heroic of engineering feats in the face Of threatened disaster.
 Virtually every newspaper in the United States has been at pains to publish map showing the layout of the land in that vicinity and thereby giving vivid indication Of just how the destruction Of the leyee would benefit the city. The idea is to give the rivers waters a short cut to the gulf thus hasten ing their flow past the city and re- ducing the stage to the limit of safety.
 Governor Simpson of Louisiana fas acted with determination de- spite serious opposition from the residents of St. Bernard parish. whose land will pass under water. there to remain for an indefinite period. These people will be com pensated for their losses; yet home is a home. and no one can blame them for desiring to cling tenaciously to their firesides and take their chances on being passed .by the raging torrent.
 The point 10 be learned now that the gap in the levee has been blast ed, is whether the contemplated benefits to New Orleans will actu- ally develop. Possibly this will be better known by the time this sees print.
 New Orleans faces heavy costs for saving itself but its determin- allDu lO SLIliOulI dll ODSldtltS IS ii splendid characteristic of that great southern port. The supreme effort made to save it from loss and to save the lives of its citizens was eminentiy justified.
 Tonight Herbert Hoover will make a personal appeal to the na- ton to assist in the work of caring for the several hundred thousand refugees. This ts the richest country in the world, we are repeatedly told, and looked at from any possible angle 1t should respond to the needs of the disaster quicker and with more effect than has been the case go far.
New Britain herald., 1927-04-30
ed. For the first three months of this

ed. For the first three months of this year the gross earnings Of this rail- road amounted to s5,oeS,459 and the net sl91,566. compared with a gross last year Of s6.5s4,2oe and a net of sa1O.o77.
 The same explanations for lesser railroad earnings Of the two major systems In New England should ap- ply to other railroads in the east, but seemingly they do not need such explanations. During March, for instance. the Pennsylvania had q gross Of s5s,79s.527 and net Of stl, ,5Go,S $50, compared with $5S,- 254,574 and s7,2oG,o27. New York Central had gross Of s53.1l6,Sss and net of s5,13o,o4o, compared with sS3,4s0,647 and $5,4s0, 56c. The Baltimore & Ohio had a gross Of s21.050,523 and net of s4,2o5,-  ee5. compared with s,e.s,4,Geo and s3,oa7.24o.
 Thus we find that two Of the three eastern trunk lines gained this March and one practically stood still. Tn March 1926 they probably also hauled more anthracite than In March, 1927.
 The facts are the two major New England roads had a radical decline during the past March, while the three eastern trunk lines did not. A better explanation than the reasons given Is necessary 10 be convincing.