davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
PUBLIC SALE

The following personal property will
be offered at public sale at Amanda
Zool1's farm, located just outside of
Lincoln, between Walter Conoway and
Chas. P. Webb's farm, on
Friday, February Is. 1927,
At 10 o'clock. If that day should be
stormy, sale will be held next clear
day.
HOUSEHOLD GOODS
1 bedroom set, three pieces with
bureau, washstand, bed, including
springs and mattress. 1 Simmons bed
with springs and mattress, open bed
cot, porcelain ice box, Singer sewing
machine, three chairs, 2 rockers, par
lor set of five pieces, two oil cloths,
washing machine, wash tubs and buck
cts. wardrobe, alright heating stove,
been used three weeks, nice kitchen
range, parlor table, lamps, dishes, pots,
pans and all kinds of cooking utensils.
LIVE STOCK
200 chickens, pullets and yearling
hens, laying, all white leghorns. Il
IOOSLSASs hOA SSSS O4lG Is a me IdfQ
horse and good driver.
FARMING UTENSILS
1 new incubator, plow. harness and
collars, brides and reins. 2 carriages
spring wagon. All kinds of farming
utensils used on first class farm.
Some corn and fodder. Potatoes, botE
white and sweet.
TERMS: Cash. No goods to be re-
moved until paid for.
ANNA B. KEMP
]. L. Stevens, Auctioneer. 1tr
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
Tuesday. February IS, 1927,

Commencing at 10 a. m. If that day
should be very stormy sale will be the
next clear day.
/ E-z way oil cook stove, new, s.
burner. 1 refrigerator. 1 cook table. 3
kitchen chairs. clocks. Kitchen cup
board. Lot of dishes, pots and pans.
Kitchen linoleum, new. 1 Wilson heater
set stove. 1 round dining room table.
dining room chairs. 1 blue aXminis
ter rug, new good rocking chairs. 1
odd chair. good stands. Lot of pic
lures. Some small rugs. 8 bed room
rugs. 3 wash stands. 1 bureau, good
one. 1 white enamel bed springs and
mattress. 1 nice folding bed. 1 hall
tree. Floor mops and electric sweeper.
crib. 1 set carpenter tools and lot of
other tools. 1 lot of window shades.
Lot of window sashes of all sizes, new.
1 barrel motor oil in 5 and 10 gallon
cans. Some Mobile A. Lot of other
things too numerous to mention.
Terms of this SALE Cash.
NJ A MONTGOMERY.
J. S. Dickerson. Auctioneer. ltD
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
REWARD

$50 REWARD-For information lead
ing to the arrest and conviction of the
party who stole the battery from my
light plant located on my farm. S.
Willis Hammond, Milford. f11-2tp
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
PUBLIC SALE
OF VALUABLE
Real Estate
AND
PERSONAL PROPERTY
Tuesday, February %, 1927,

Tuesday, February %, 1927,
Sale starting at 10 a. m. at the res
idence of the late George F. Shockley,
on the road from Houston to MarVefS 5
school house.
LIVE STOCK
Two horses, one brown horse, seven
years old, will weigh 100 lbs. and a
good worker. Bay horse, IL years old,
weighing HOO lbs. Good worker ana
driver. One COW five years old, will be
fresh first of March.
FARMING IMPLEMENTS
Wagon, dearborn, Deering mower,
hay rack, York carriage, Ohio wheel
cuitiVator, 10 Oliver walking plOW, one
horse ploW, walking cultivator, potato
digger, iron drag, set of wagon har-
ness set of dearborn harness, two col
lars, two brides, 120 SIS baskets and
half bushel measure.
NISCELLANEOUS
Pile of lumber, grindstone, lot of
fence wire, lot of new chicken wire,
dearborn pole, corn cracker, lot of
single trees, lot of tools, two barrels,
set of wagon springs, lot of shovels,
hoes, forks, rakes, and other things too
numerous to mention.
Ford touring, practically new. Been
run about 800 miles only.
FEED
Lot of long fodder and some corn.
REAL ESTATE
I will offer for sale the same day,
the farm of "a acres, tillable land, 4
acres in clover, six room house, stable,
potato house, corn crib, wagon shed,
new chicken house. Buildings in good
repair
TERMS made known on day Of sale
for the real estate.
TERMS: CASH.
CLARENCE w. SHOCKLEY,
Thomas Chambers, Clerk. Executor
J. L. Stevens, Auctioneer. f11-2t
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
MILFORD CHRONICLE
FRIDAY, FEB. II. 1927.
Ask for Petty's Bread at all grOcers.
(Corrected each Weekl

Ask for Petty's Bread at all grocers.
See Long & Shorts new silk
dresses. They are beautiful. f11-tf
NOTICE
Washing cars, burning carbon,
brazing and welding a specially.
VIM. A. Webb, Milford. a15-u
Fresh bread at all TIRES at Petty's
Bakery,
Petty's Homade Bread. the kind
everyone likes.
AcCORNuCK-DEERNG
Farm Implements
and
Repair Parts
SIMPSON BROTHERS
j1S-u Milford, Del.
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11

FOR GOODNESS SAKE, and your
sake, sas PETTY'S BUTTER KRUST
RRHAD: at Milford Bakery. j23-tf
Milford chronicle., 1927-02-11
NOTICE

Fresh bread at all tiu;es at Petty's
Bakery.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
Continued from Last Issue;
Consumers Cooperatives.

TINE 100000 members of the $4,000 CO.
i operative societies form one of the most
powerful economic forces in the u. S. S. r.
About 40 per cent of the members are urban
workers, drawn almost entirely from the trade
unionists and their families, while the re-
mainder are peasants. These societies have
over $1,000 stores, and during 1925-1926 did
total retail business of over $2,250, 100000.
This was SO per cent of the total retail sales
During the year closing October /, 1927 it is
estimated that the total sales by these socie-
ties will be $2,65O0OO,0O0, or 46 per cent of
all goods sold.
The cooperatives and the state stores
(oWned by municipalities or by the state
trusts are rapidly cutting down private trade
In 1923-1924 private trade handled SO per
cent of the retail business but this had de-
creased by 1925-1926 to 80 per cent, and this
year it will form but approximately 81 per
cent of the total of which considerable pro-
portion represents the direct sales by peas
ants and domestic workers Of their handiwork
at markets and fairs, rather than sales by a
separate mercantile class. All the evidence
indicates that the general Impression current
outside of Russia that the "nepmen," or pr-
Vate merchants, are gaining ground is quite
mistaken. There are few fairly prosperous
private traders in Moscow and Leningrad, but
in the main the private merchants, though
perhaps more numerous, keep only very small
shops which can be tended by themselves and
their families. 1t is the cooperatives which
are coming more and more to control the retail
trade of Russia.
The cooperatives are making such rapid
progress because they undersell the private
stores by approximately 20 per cent. This
is, of course, a different price policy from
that followed by the British cooperative sys-
tenn where sale is conducted at market price.
The latter is a safer policy under a different
economic regime, since it lessons the dangers
of changes in the prices of commodities pro-
tects against mistakes in cost accounting, les
sens the opposition of private traders, and
gives the bulked savings in the form of divi-
dends upon purchases to the members at the
end of a period. But while this treats the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

darlty and Of assisting the people as grouped
together IN these voluntary associations to
control the processes Of distribution The
low price Of the shares. only fraction of
which need be paid initialIy and the remainder
paid gradually in installments also makes it
easy for people to join The payment of in
terest for share capital and dividends offers
still further inducement for membership.
The fact that the supply Of many goods is
extremely limited in comparison with the de-
mand furnishes temptation to members to
buy these articles from the cooperatives and
then resell them to private traders at an APP
preciably higher price who then resell at still
higher prices to those who can afford to pay
more for them or who are willing to pay more
rather than to stand in line trying, to secure
them. When members of cooperatives are
discovered to be specializing in goods, their
membership privileges are taken away from
them and they are subject to a reprimand
from the trade unions.
This offers an interesting contrast be-
tween the methods of adjusting supply and
demand under a controlled economy and UNI
der system Of free enterprise In the former
prices are fixed and if at that price more
goods are demanded than available, then
those who are to secure them are determined
by the principle Of first come first served.
When enterprise is free, however, the compe-
tition of the buyers raises prices and thus les
sens the quantity which would otherwise be
demanded by those who cannot pay the new
price.
A large. proportion Of non-Communists par
ticipate in the actual administration of the
cooperatives. In the country districts this is
particularly the case, but it is also true Of the
urban societies. AS in the trade union and
governmental structure, the percentage of
Communists increases in the upper reaches of
the system, and their membership predomi-
mates in the large WHOLESALERS. The program
of rigid price-cutting inaugurated during the
last year was indeed carried into effect be-
cause of the Communist control of these up
per bodies, which brought the cooperatives in
to harmony with the general policy decided
upon for industry as a whole
ITO Be C0ntinued)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

at very close to factory costs plus the cost of
transporting and handling, the dividends upon
purchases are very slight, seldom if ever
amounting to more than three per cent. The
profits for the first half of 1926-1927 were
$43, 100000 or approximately two per cent up
on the total sales. Some societies have given
up the practice of paying any dividends upon
purchases at ali, and instead turn their profits
at the end of the year into their cultural work
or into building up their supply of capital.
Since the cooperative stores sell consid-
cradle proportion of their goods to non-mem-
bers at the same price as to members, the
question ariss why so many should join the
cooperatives when they could obtain most of
the advantages by not doing So Dividends
upon purchases, it should be remembered, are
extremely slight and in large percentage
of the cases non-eX!stent, while many of the
societies do not pay interest on the shares
The main inducement for people to join the
cooperatives are: (1) the first claim upon
those articles Of which there is shortage, be-
ing particularly the case for the better grades
of textiles and for sugar; (2) the sole right
to receive credit; 81 the sense of social soil
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

The indictment points out that
from the very first day of their pres
ence in the Soviet Union, employees
of the British Mission in Moscow
carried on espionage under the cover
of diplomatic immunity and collected
secret material concerning the Red
Army and Soviet industry.
Correspondence between Hodgson
the chief of the British Mission in
Moscow, and Preston, the British con-
sui in Leningrad, fell into the hands
Of the State Political Administration,
clearly exposing the espionage of the
British Mission.
Charnock one of the most active
assistants of Hodgson recruited spie2
amongst his circle of acquaintance
and amongst the employees of the
military authorities. Sons of one
time millionaires, the one-time gilded
youth, assisted Charnock in his work
Of espionage.
During the course of the examina-
ton all the accused made exact state
ment concerning their work for Char
mock. The meetings of the brothers
Prove with Charnock usually took
place in moving picture theatres or in
other public places and Charnock
usually appeared in a car flying the
Union Jack.
Apart from general espionage,
Charnock gave his agents the especial
task of discovering how strongly
guarded the building of the Supreme
Revolutionary War Council was, what
exits Voroshilov and Unschlicht
used in what automobiles they jour
neyed into the town, etc.
1t is clear that such information was
needed for white guardist terrorist
bands with a view to carrying out at
tempts upon members Of the Soviet
government and leading Party men.
An uncle of the brothers Prove, who
was mixed up in a process against a
counter-revolutionary organization of
one-time Russian factory owners, fled
with the assistance of Charnock to
Esthonia, where with the assistance
of Charnock, he established his rights
in a factory which at one time be-
longed to him in Narva. He employed
in this factory a well-known spy in
the pay Of Great Britain, Colonel
Frank, whose agents worked in the
Leningrad military district and who
were discovered by the Leningrad De-
partmenN of the State Political Ad-
ministralton in January 1926. ),
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
NEWS FROM THE u. S. S. R.

MOSCOW, Oct. IT, (By MaiD The
Representatives of the Brit S h a.,
French, German, Austrian and Polish
delegations to the congress of the
working and peasant women in Lenin-
grad have published a declaration
pointing to the great success of the
Soviet Union in drawing in the women
to the work on all fields of public life
in the Soviet and the state organi-
cations
The statement declares that the
Soviet power gives the women educa-
ton and an all-round social care. The
serious and objective treatment Of the
questions dealt with at the congress
by the working women and peasant
women delegates caused the admira-
ton of the foreign delegates. The
perfect control, the independence and
the knowledge shown by the attitude
Of the delegates to the congress are
characteristic for the results of that
form of self-ad!ninistration which
Lenin created in the Soviets and
which have now become the centre of
socialist constructive work. The
declaration closes:
I'VE, as the representatives of the
working women of the west, under
take to utilize all our forces to counter
the interventionists plans of our gov
ernments and all attempts to force
our country into war with the Soviet
Union, thus disturbing the work of
socialist reconstruction in the Soviet
Union. We viii answer all attempts
to militarize the women by a decisive
struggle for the emancipation of the
working women, shoulder to shoulder
with the revolutionary working
Masses"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
British Use Espionage.

MOSCOW. Oct. is. (By Mail) D.
Recently the State Political Adj
ministration has discovered a number
Of espionage organizations which
maintained connections with the
British diplomatic representation in
Moscow and worked in its interests.
One of these organizations whose
task it was to obtain information con-
corning the Supreme Revolutionary
War Council and concerning other
military organizations, was under the
leadership Of the one-time secretary
Of the British Mission, Charnock. The
chief members of this organization
were: two sons Of the one-time
millionaire Russian Prove, the juri-
deal adviser of the Supreme Revo-
lutionary War Council, Korepakov
and two military officials. All these
will shortly appear before the court.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
Soviet Russia After Ten Years
Report of the American Trade Union Delegation USS

System OF prices as an umbrella to protect
against possible difficulties, it is not con-
ducive to quick growth or to a rapid dis
placement of private trade. The Russians
are anxious to decrease the relative amount
of private trade and thus to prevent class
of small business men from arising
The cooperatives are able to reduce prices
in this fashion in part because of the adj
vantages of large-scale buying which they
possess through their declarations and through
their general efficiency. They also receive
special favors from various state agencies,
such as first option, with the state stores,
upon the output of the state trusts. This
means that the private merchants are unable
to secure those products of which the supply
is insufficient to satisfy the demand, and that
the cooperatives and state stores have virtu-
al monopoly of these lines. The cooperatives
are also given more generous credit terms,
lower rents and lower tax rate.
The shares of the cooperatives are in small
denominations having until recently been in
general $3.50 for the country and $500 for
the urban societies. These shares are mostly
held by the male heads of the households,
although the cooperatives are trying to get
as many women to become members as pos
Sible.
The total amount Of share capital held by
the members amounted in April, 1927, to S45,-
100000, or an average of only slightly So per
member. This shows that in practice few OF
the members have more than one share. The
cooperative societies, however, hold property
and possess reserves built up out of previous
undistributed profits amounting to $190,000,-
900. The principle of one man, one vote, is
followed. In smaller village societies the
members choose the administrative officers
at yearly meetings. in large societies the
members elect a delegate body to select the
administrative officers and exercise general
supervision over policy These local societies
are federated into district and provisional
associations, and these in turn into declarations
for each of the main republics. Centrosoyus,
the cooperative federation for the r. S. F.
S. r., is also the loose federation for the U. S.
5. r. as whole. These declarations, however,
are more and more becoming primarily agen-
cies which assemble the orders Of the local
societies and place them. The state trusts in
5ofar as possible ship their goods directly from
the factories to the local societies, thus reduc-
ing warehousing charges.
The cooperative societies sell not only gro
ceries, but also textiles, clothing, crockery,
furniture, and, until recently, agricultural i'm
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

surely not reach any further than Ell
lis Island after two weeks of quaran-
tine we would be shipped back. How
ever, here in the Soviet Union l was
given assistance in finding work.
81 have no words to describe the
happiness Of my children. We have
great difficulties in making them re-
turn from school. The fact of the
matter is that under the Soviet re-
gime children are regarded as human
beings and as future citizens of the
workers state. There is doctor and
a nurse in every school. Did you
ever have the opportunity to observe
the future citizens of the British en-
pire playing in the dirty London
yards? If so come to the Union of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
A British Worker to British Lady"

JAMES MORTON is a British mould
err. He went to Leningrad with
his family, after being challenged by
Lady Aston, aristocratic member of
the British parliament, who in a pub
lie meeting offered to pay the way of
any British worker who preferred the
life of the workers republic to life
in capitalist England. Morton is now
working in the Krassny Putilovetz
works. After living and working
there awhile, he has sent letter to
Lady Aston saying among other
things:
"You know perfectly we'll what
would happen to US if we would come,
let us say to America, on conditions
such as you have specified. We would
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31
Delegates to Celebrations.

MOSCOW, Oct. Is. (By MaiD Up
to the present ITO worker delegates
have arrived in the Soviet Union and
they took part in to-days session Of
the Central Executive Committee of
the Soviet Union in Leningrad. The
delegates were warmly welcomed by
all those present.
The leaders of the German, Swiss
and Belgian workers delegations made
speeches Of greeting which were re-
ceived with gerat applause. Hiedecke
declared in the name Of the German
delegation:
Despite the great difficulties
placed by the leaders of the German
trades unAns in the way of the or
ganizationvof the delegation, the lat
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

Socialist Soviet Republics which will
soon be a childrens paradise, to see
the difference. Come and see the hap
piness of the millions of children and
then go back to England to support
the infanticidal government.
In closing Morton writes:
eff | ever return to England | shall
devote all my energy and all my time
to the struggle against the shameless
provocative war stories circulated by
the conservative government. Let all
capitalists remember that the Soviet
government has become an object Of
sympathy and love of millions living
far beyond the Soviet borders and is
at the present time the most popular
government in the world"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

plements and seed amongst the peasants The
latter two commodities, however, have recent
~ been turned over to the agricultural coop
eratives, who buy these articles for the pea
SAINTS, as well as market their grain and other
products. Credit is furnished to members
who need it, varying from one pay-period for
groceries to six months for clothing furni-
ture, etc. The losses from bad debts have
been small. The employers OF labor are in
general held responsible for the debts of wage
earners, and in turn protect themselves by de
Quoting from the pay checks of the employees
No interest is charged upon the credit eX-
tended.
The local societies secure capital partly in
the form of sales on credit by the cooperative
declarations and partly in the form of credit
from the banks. The latter is more important
than is share capital or accumulated savings
in April, 1927, the borrowings from the banks
amounted to over S750,000000, or approx
mately three times the accumulated resources
of the societies. The declarations, of course,
secure larger proportion of their credit from
the banks than do the local societies.
Because of the fact that the goods are sold
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-31

ter was organized by the collection of
signatures amongst the German
workers and sent off to the Soviet
Union. Upon our return to Germany
we will tell the German workers
honestly and Loyalty all that we saw
during our visit"
Hiedecke described the astounding
impression the freedom of the work.
ers in the Soviet Union made upon
the delegates.
ave must build up our life" said
the speaker, upon the basis of
Marxist lessons, just as you have
done it. We German social demo-
Gratis came here because we know that
we can learn something from you.
The working class of Germany thinks
like this too, but not our Party lead
ers. We declare that your cause lies
close to the heart of all German
workers"
The leader of the Swiss workers
delegation, Hitz, pointed out that the
workers of Switzerland had been fed
upon lies about the Soviet Union. 1t
was the first time that the Swiss
workers had sent a delegation to the
Soviet Union and the members of the
delegation were of the opinion that
their report upon reaching home
would contribute to mobilize the for
ces of the Swiss working class to go
along the road laid down by Lenin
Then the place which is now the
headquarters of the League Of Ma
tons would become the centre of the
alliance Of the workers of all coun-
tries.