davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
FAILURES DURING
FEBRUARY LOWER
Fewer Than in January or
Year Ago. lss.
BIZ Times Special

Bu ItmcS SDccldt
NEW YORK, March 4. "a
seasonal decline in the number OF
failures in the United States in
variably begins in February, and the
total reported to r. G.. Dun and Com
pany for last month Is 2,035. This
is ia per cent below the 2,465 COM
mercial defaults of January, but
part of this substantial decrease is
accounted 70 rby the fact that
February is the shortest month OF
year. and is made still shorter by
holidays. Comparing with the 1901
insolvencies OF February, 1926, an
increase Of 10 per cent appears,
although in this connection some
allowance should be made for the
larger number Of firms and in
dividuals now engaged in business.
Like the number OF failures, last
months liabilities of S46, 940,7 show
q falling off from the $51 ,29O,232 OF
January, the reduction being S.5 per
cent. On the other hand, the amount
for February exceeds by 37.4 per
cent the $34,176,3i6 OF the cores.
ponding month of 1926.
There were more large defaults
last month than a year ago, those
for 100000 or more Of indebtedness
in each case numbering 81, against
"A in the earlier year, and the
liabilities Of last months large in
solvencies Appropriated $4,000, as
compared with only about $13.500, 900
for such failures I'm February, 1926.
The defaults Of unusual size supply
53.7 per cent Of last months aggre.
gate Indebtedness, while in February.
last year, the large insolvencies pro-
vided 1916 per cent OF the total
liabilities OF all failures.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Births

=. William and Johnnie Haddox. 1929 Ham
ilton.
Otto and Cornelia Adams. 2241 y North
western.
Paul and Blanche Pllkenton. 021 Park
William and Blanche Brinsley. SIG Cen
tennial.
- Charles and Gladys Manners. Methodist
Hospital.
Isaac and Esther Sarfety. 1006 s. Capt.
toll.
William and Bessie Whitaker. 2743 W.
Sixteenth.
Herman and Lillian Roll. 14O3 E. New
York
Albert and Dorothy Nelis. 1929 S. Me-
ridian.
Boys
Charles and Carrie McCov, go n. Lynn
Francis and Laura McCampbell. 2649
Burton.
Roy and Edna Shepherd. l047 W. Tween
tyEighth.
John and Marie Casey, 1902 Finley.
James and Fannie Hodges. 1856 S. East
ern.
Clarence and Myrtle Powell. All S. Ritter.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Other Livestock

BIZ United Press
CHICAGO March Cattle - Receipts.
1000; killing classes steady. uneven ;
vealers 25 a SOC lower: best heavy steers,
$12,25. average weights, 1898 lbs; few
sprinkling Of light meaty offerings at
$8.5O@8.75; most fat cows, 1913 @6.75
heifers. $7.50@9;, ,yealers,, largely S11.50
Receipts, Is, 900: shippers and yard trad
ers inactive; early trade TO packers slow
trade mostly on in-between grades. weak
to 25c lower; choice lambs held for steady
prices; asking upward to SIS 80 for choice
handyweights; early bulk wooded lambs,
$14.60 a 1926: few loads heavy lambs,
shearing lambs slow. unchanged: medium
to good finishers, S13;75 ola so. Hogs
Receipts, $4,000: market fairly active, 10
heavyweights, sii rs a 1850; medium,
weights, $1l .35@12; lightweights.- $11.5o
@1215; light lights; 5 Sl II 35 e l2l5: pack
SI1 .25@1210.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Produce Markets

Butter wholesale price -Creame-y best
grade. a pound. 80 a. Doe
Butterfat - Local dealers pay SO q 53c
pound.
Eggs--Strictly fresh delivered at In.
dianapols. 1870 Zoe doz.
breed, 90 2lc. Leghorn; 20 q zee: roost-
frs End beGhorn dt2ss "a a @l5s' STACEY
.nrings. 1919 cGc: Leghorn springs. 156I
15c: ducks. 17620c: geese, II q 12c:
33c; old toms, csc; guincas, Soc.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
SMALLPOX AT JAIL

Eighty-Five Prisoners Vaccinated at
Terre Haute.
BIZ United Press
TERRE HAUTE, Ind, March A.
Eighty-five prisoners at the county
Jail nursed sore arms today and
breathed odious fumes of disinfect-
ant as result Of discovery that Cecil
Withrow, son of the night jailer,
had developed smallpox.
Three doctors worked throughout
the night in relays vaccinating the
prisoners. One tainted when his arm
was scratched and the work was
completed as he reclined uncon-
scious on the Jail floor.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BUYING POWER LOWER
Farmer Effective Factor in General
Business Conditions.

BIZ Times Special
NEW YORK, March 4.-The low
cred purchasing power Of the farm
er is becoming an effective factor in
the general business situation, the
Brookmire Economic Service reports
in its weekly analysis of conditions.
Little change in conditions is ex-
pected until the middle of next sum-
mer when prospective income from
1927 crops will begin to have a de-
cided effect upon buying by rural
customers. Inasmuch as farm pur-
chases will not be likely to equal last
years, the analysis predicts that the
probable level Of business for the
next six months will depend largely
upon the maintenance of retail trade
in the cities.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
NOT DEMORALIZED
Curb Market Sees Cites Service
Common Recover With Good Rise.

BH United Press
NEW YORK, March 4.-The wave
of selling in Cities Service common
stock. which demoralized that issue
on the curb market Thursday, had
apparently subsidized today. The first
sale of the stock was transaction
involving 5000 shares at $50, a gain
of a point over the previous close.
Cities Service stock shot up to ii 4
in heavy turnover, but then declined
in easy stages to SOS. Trading was
active in the common stock, sales
for the first forty minutes totaling
$4,000 shares. The preferred stock,
while quiet, moved over wide
range. Opening at 81, off Us from
the previous close, it quickly re-
covered to SO,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
RISE UNLIKELY
Not Expected Unless Weather
Especially FavOrs Motoring

BIZ Times Special
NEW YORK, March Am the
face Of the current high rate OF gaso-
line production, unusually favorable
motoring weather will be necessary
to cause n sufficient rise in prices
to justify heavy purchases, the
Broollmire Economic Service, Inc,
states in it's trade bulletin.
December showed heavy consump.
ton and exports, but production was
at even n higher rate with the re.
suit that stocks increased. The in
creased number Of cars in use this
year points to greater consumption
in 1927. but prospective production
seems well able to take care Of II.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
VANDALISM CASE UP
Thirty-Four Youths in Juvenile Court
On $4,000 Vandal Charge.

Thirtyf four youths were to face
Juvenile Court Judge Frank j. Lair
this afternoon on charges of ma
licious trespass in connection with
$4,000 worth of vandalism at the
home of Mrs. H. Fuller, Clyde and
English AYES, two weeks ago. Charles
Downey, court investigator, said
most OF the boys admitted being on
the premises while three said they
had engaged in a free-for-all fight in
the library of the home, using
manuscripts and books as weapons.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BY Elmer C. WaIzer,

Manager United Press Financial Service
NEW YORK, March 4.-Proving
that the reaction of Wednesday was
merely a technical correction, stocks
snapped back in good form Thurs
day after a few waves Of uncer-
tainty at intervals. In the last hour
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
In the Sugar Market
lpy Thomaon & McKinnonl

BY Thoma0n { McKinn0n)
lew YORK. March within month
Cuban sugar production win have been
COns.d r2biy crrtailed by the partial cessa-
ton o. r1ill operations. In the meantime.
consumption viii undoubtedly have made
no material gains. AT present this is little
thusiam. Raw ard refined sugar prices
keep with a narrow range But think the
futures market viii soon anticipate deelin-
ing Cuban output and gradual expansion
in raw and refined requirements.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BOOM FOR CALIFORNIA
Stutz Head Sees Future for Western
State-Cites Deposits

BIZ Times Special
LOS ANGELES, Cal, March A.
Speaking at the annual dinner meet
ing of the Engineers Club Thurs
day night, f. S. Moskovics, Indian
apolis, president of the Stutz Motor
Car Company, declared southern
California is destined to become the
greatest field in the world for tech
nical engineers" He said tremen-
dous industrial development will
grow out of the Boulder Dam prof.
ect
Moskovics pointed to the proxi-
nifty of the elements of aluminium
to the Bowlder dam site and the
great iron and coal deposits in Utah.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BIZ United Press

,CINCINllN1ATI,, March ,4s--Hogs-;Re-
draggy and weak; 10000 lbs. $iI G
11.75;. 20O-250 lbs. $11 .65 @12:25: 100
200 lbsi $d2.25 @124Q: 10000 lbs.
packing sows. 1925 a 1925. Cattle-Re.
ceipts,- 400; calves. 800; market steady.
light yearling steers and hefers. $7@10:
beef cows, $5.50M7: low cutters and cut
ter t1 so COWS, $3:75 @475; yeealers., s10@
and feeder steers, $6@7. Sheep-Re-
ceipts. 100; market, steady; top fat
lambs. S15; bulk fat lambs, SIC q 10: bulk
Gull lambs, 5000.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04

BIZ United Press
change opened STEADY. Demand sterling,
81 81 1916: franc. 39OM c; Ira 4 80 u G,
u2.O0 I2c; Beiga, 1880; mark 1850 z C.
off .0013c.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Cattle Steady to Strong
Lambs Little Changed
-VeaIers Drop.

A decline of 10 to Is cents on the
hundredweight, in addition to Thurs
days reduction in the hog market,
placed prices at the indianapolis
Union Stockyards on a level with
those at the opening of the week
today. A drop of Is to 25 cents at
Chicago kept the two centers trad
ing at about the same rates.
The local price cut was mostly 10
cents, with a-few bids as much as 20
cents off. The packer market was
not fully established. The greater
portion of the sales were at $11.75@
1915, some setting $12.25 as the cur
rent top figure! Receipts were 1000,
holdoyers. sos.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BIZ United Press

EAST BUFFALO,. March 4.-Hogs-Re-
ceipts, 1900; holdovers 5000: market
5S Sk bs 81 1871 Ps: Of 9ods5S T 5
1885 13o,1e0 lbs $12 40 a 1855; 80
$10.50@11.25. Cattle-Receipts. 25O:
calves $50; market steady, calves soc
lower; vealers. SIS 80 @16. Sheep - Re-
ceipts. $500; market strong; top fat
lambs. $15.S5; bulk fat lambs, S15.5On
1915; bulk Gull lambs. $12.5O@14
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
In the Cotton Market
BY rhnmson & MoKinnonl

By Thomson e McklnnOnJ
traders are selling May cotton because Of
the large local stock. The rest of the
list is strong, | think the reaction has
gone far enough and cotton should be
think the May position is attractive.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Hog Price Range

For material Weighing 160-225
pounds, the rate was S12@12.25; 225-
$50 pounds, S11.75@12; $50 pounds
up, $11.50@11.75. Pigs cleared at $12
down and packing sows at $1OQ11.
The cattle market was steady to
strong, the run estimated to be
200. Beef steers went at SS.25W11;
beef cows, $5.5O@7.25; low cutters and
cutter cows, $3.75@5.25, and bulk
stock and feeder steers, $6.75QS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BIZ Times Specidl

LOUISVILLE. March .4.-Hogs - Re-
Cattle-Receipts 100; market 'f Steady.
Calves-Receipts. 200 market SOC lower:
good to choice $11 a 10; medium TO good,
IS 80 "a 1880 outs, $3.50 down Sheep
Receipts. so; market steady; top lambs.
S12 a ID; seconds. $10@11; sheep. $6@7.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
STOCK ISSUES START
RECOVERY OF LOSSES
Slight Uncertainty Seen at Intervals, but List Shows
Higher Prices at Close.

best advances Of the day were
scored. and at the close the list
showed a long line of higher prices,
some of them being as much as 1914
points above the previous close.
Early in the day, after a higher
opening, a selling wave was started,
following the break in Cities Service
common stock on the curb market.
Incidentally, this event was the out
standing feature of the entire ses-
sion in the financial community.
Henry l.. Doheny, head of the COM
pany, is admittedly i'll, but his con-
dition was exaggerated in reports
reaching the curb floor, with the
result that Cities Service was at
tackled sharply, prices falling so
rapidly and selling orders coming
so fast that the specialists could not
cope with the situation. In the first
hour curb authorities ordered trad
ing in the stock suspended.
Rapid Sales
When dealings resumed at ?
o'clock, the price fell further and
then began to recover. Opening at
572l, the issue dropped 10 points
fro mthe previous close to 4S, and on
reopening at o'clock lost further
to 401s. The close was at 40, loss
for the day OF points.
Recently a selling campaign of
Cities Service stock had been under
way. Buyers had placed stop-loss
orders in the issue and these were
touched off in the decline further
depressing the stock. Sales came so
fast that it was impossible to keep
track of them. and the curb removed
the issue from the cleared securities
list. forcing brokers to untangle
their own dealings, and giving q bit
more time for those caught in the
wave of liquidation to cover. Trans
actions for the day reached $500
shares.
Many Advances
Despite efforts of bears they were
unable to depress the stock list fol-
lowing the break in this curb issue.
General Motors shot, up Az points,
Steel gained a half point. CONNER
cial Solvents B. 1919; Federal Min
ing and Smelling, 9%; Westinghouse
Airbrake, 6; National Lead. Az;
Eastman Kodak. 5h: Case Thrash
ing Machine, 5ia; Crucible Steel, 69s,
and American Smelling, 3ss. Gains
by far outnumbered losses and many
running over 2 points, in addition to
the ones mentioned above. were
scored. Stromberg Carburetor. which
dropped more than IL points Wednes-
day. lost 3A additional Thursday.
Trading was lighter. but $1,000
shares changing hands. the first de-
Walton from 100000 in some time.
Money was easy, despite withdraw
ais of $15, 1000, 900 in loans. Silver de-
clined. but failed to bring a reduc-
ton in Japanese yen. which reached
the highest level in four years. Cot
ton eased off, as did wheat. The
bond market was quiet and easier,
recent favorites being under selling
pressure.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Peppermint Oil

tBy The mson & McKilnonJ
NEW YORK, March 4.--Peppermint oil
Natural. $4.10W4.12; U. S. p. S4.25 q
lbs.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
BIZ United Press

CLEVELAND. March 4.-Hogs-Re-
SS 9H S6o5 8G i fbs s1ss5
100 lbs. s12.35 6112.50; 90-l30' lbs,
$12.50; packing sows., S10.5o@11. Cat
tleLReceipts. 2ooi calves, receipts, $50;
light yearling steers and heifers, 1926 a
$40: beef cows, $5.50M7.25; low cutters
ana az gutter cows. 81 a 10; yealers. SIG Ia
25c lower top fat lambs. S155O; bulk
fat lambs. $15: bulk Gull lambs, $II a
1880: bulk fat ewes seas.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Veal Drops -

Calves We're around so cents lower
with a 900-head run. Best vealers
brought SIS, other SPADES selling
downward from this mark.
The sheep and lamb market re-
ceived 800 meat animals, but no
choice lambs were in the lot. On
lower grades the market was about
steady. Top fat lambs were quoted
at $15.75, few fed westerns going
at $3.50 and natives at SIS down.
Bulk fat lambs were $13.5O@15.50,
and bulk Gull lambs, $S.12.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
FOREIGN EXCHANGE

NEW YORK STATEMENT
NEW YORK March 4-Clearings, 81,
$50 100000; balances. S101 100000.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
RALLY RESTORES
FAITH IN STOCK
MARKET; ACTIVE
General Motors Pushes to
Highest Point This
H. Year.
Average Stock Prices

Average of twenty industrials Thursday
was 160.S9, up 1872. Average. of twenty
rails was i26.57, up 1O9. Average of
forty bonds was 9633, up .O3.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Banks and Exchange
March A.

Local banll clearings were S4, 537 ,000
debts, $500, 600.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Chicago Grain Table

BIZ Times Special
CHICAGO. March 4.-Carlots: Wheat,
15; corn. 2S9; oats. 40; rye, /.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
Hogs


Receipts 300; market, steady.
Top fat lambs ....... S15.75 quotable
Bulk fat lambs .......... 13.50M so
Bulk Gull lambs .......... S.00912.00
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02

president AND MRS. COOLIDGE
1 spent the week in the Yellowstone
National park, viewing it's many Won
ders and thoroughly enjoying them
selves despite the swarms of tourists
that made the trip too much of a pub
lie event to suit the Chief Executive.
Both Mr.. and Mrs. Coolidge tried the
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02
@M,7Hs AEWzlF

and as result we now nave five diff
ferent kinds of $40 bills. Under the
new plan the national bank notes will
be done away with. Silver certifi-
Gates are to be used for 81 bills only,
and there will be no silver certificates
of any other denomination. The
United States notes, which are the
greenbacks of the Civil war period.
will be merged into S. bills of the
new currency and there will be only
one type of So bill. Gold certificates
and federal reserve notes will be used
only for the higher denominations, the
$40 bills, the $5O's, $1O0's and S1.00o's.
Still another change will be in the
matter of the pictures used on the
bills On many of them are portraits
of people unknown to the public.
More than that, the same picture may
be on a 81 bill and on $50 bill. This
causes confusion and sometimes leads
to mistakes. Under the new system
the pictures of Presidents only will
be used. For instance, Washington is
to appear on the 81 bills, Lincoln on
the SIS bills, Jefferson, probably, will
be on the $40 bill, Grant may get the
$50 one, Cleveland the $50 bill, Roose-
welt the 500, and Wilson the $1,000.
That will not take place, however.
until next summer. Government man.
ufacture of money is complicated
process and the dollar bills make up
more than half of our paper currency.
Some 500 tons of them at present are
distributed each year. The bills of
this denomination will be the first to
appear in the new size. Next will be
produced the $50 bills and the govern
ment will work up and down from
these two, but it will take two or
three years to replace all of the re-
vised denominations in circulation.
Treasury experts state that there are
always about a billion bills in circu-
lation. On an average these bills last
a year before they wear out and have
to be replaced OF course, the 81 bills
wear out most quickly, so that by
starting the new system with 81 bills
and sending them out to replace the
worn-out 81 bills, the first step in in
PRODUCING the new currency will be
taken. The treasury has warned the
public that advance specimens cannot
be furnished until the new bills are
released simultaneously in all parts of
the country. ~
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02

Mellon, present secretary of the Treas
ury. The other change occurred in
1861 when the smaller bills of Civil
war "shin-plaster" fame were intro
duced. These smaller bills, however,
were used only short time and then
the regulation size was resumed. Now
the size of all bills is to be reduced
again and they will be third smaller
than they are today and somewhat
different in design. The present size
of paper currency is ZIG by 3B
inches. The new size will be 61s by
25s inches.
There are two main reasons for the
change in size. One is convenience
and the other is economy. The small
er note will generally fit into pocket
books without being folded, thing
which is not possible with the pres
ent bills. 1t will also be easier to
handle since it will fit more neatly
into the hand of the counter, without
cramping the hand, as the present
more rapidly. The economical reason
is double one. The frequent fold
ing and creasing OF the present size
currency eventually breaks the fiber
of the paper and makes it deteriorate
more rapidly. But the principal rea-
son is the saving in manufacture. I'm
der the present system of printing
money, the faces or the backs of eight
notes are engraved on one plate and
printed at one impression. The new
size currency will allow II notes to
be made from one plate and u can
be printed on the same size sheet of
paper which formerly printed only
eight. Mr.. Mellon estimates that this
will mean an annual saving of $1,000
600 in the manufacture of money.
Back of this contemplated change
there is an interesting story, for the
advantage of the smaller-size money
was discovered by accident. Twenty
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02

five years ago, when Spain ceds the
Philippines to the United States in
the treaty which ended the Spanish
American war, it became necessary
for our government to furnish the
FilipinOs with a distinctive cUrrC ".
For some reason which has L yer
been explained, the government bu-
reau of engraving and printing de-
signed a currency in which II bills
could be printed from the plates frou
which were printed eight Of our bills.
The Filipinos were satisfied with this
handy currency and it has been sup
piled to them steadily for the last
quarter of century. During the
many years of American occupancy of
the Philippines many of our people
who have been sent to the islands.
civil and military officials, school
teachers and the like, have handled
the Philippine currency. When they
returned home and began using the
clumsy bills which they found here,
they were struck by the difference,
and almost invariably they uttered a
protest that the Philippine size was
better than our own. So frequen:
were these protests that at last the
Treasury department began to take
notice of. them, and two years ago
when a treasury committee began
study of currency problems, the first
thing it considered was a change in
size. Bundles of paper were cut up
in the Philippine size, and these dunn
my notes were distributed to federal
reserve banks for experiments by tell
ers and other officials of the banks.
The result was that the federal re-
serve banks reported unanimously in
favor of the smaller size bank notes.
also favored the change because of
the economy in manufacture already
noted. The result was the order is
sued by Secretary Mellon recently.
But the change in the size is not to
be the OILY Innovation in the new
system. O her ,!anges are contem-
plated whi,'h VII bring order to our
somewhat confu .ng currency system.
The government is now putting out
five different types of currency-na-
tional bank notes, gold certificates,
silver certificate. United States notes,
and federal reserve notes. 1t has
been the custom to print all of these
in most of the different denominations,
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02
Hearty Meals in lava

When you dine in Java you have
the "riz-tavel" (rice table,, which
starts with a deep dish partly filled
with rice and ends with such a sense
of repletion that one is apt to be unit
for any activity for several hours.
After ones plate has received its
portion of rice, there comes a big pa
rade of native servants, each bearing
something in a dish. There are fish
of various kinds, eggs-fried or in
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1927-09-02
TREE Patriotism

Every good citizen makes his coun-
try's honor his own, and cherishes it
not only as precious but as sacred.
He is willing to risk his life in its
defense and is conscious that he gains
protection while he gives it.-Andrew
Jackson.