davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11

Mrs. Francis M. Wigmore of Wash
ington and Virginia is at the May.
flower.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Pinedo Finishes Flight.

RIO JANEIRO, Feb. 22.-The Mar
quis Francisco De Pinedo, noted
italian aviator, finished his success
full flight across the south Atlantic
ocean this afternoon.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Kellogg Claims
Diaz Asks for
PrOteCtOrate
First Story Was That U. 5.
Demanded He Consent

WASHINGTON, Feb. 22.-Wash-
ington's birthday was signalized in
the capital by the first definite an
nOuncement that the United States
has embarked upon another deliberate
conquest of a friendly nation, the
defenseless little republic of Nicara-
qua, and has adopted for that purpose
the European imperialistic trick of de-
claring a protectOrate through con-
nivance with puppet rulers of iho m
vaded country, and is "saturating"
it with marines.
The state department first unoffi-
cially gave out that treaty was be-
ing negotiated with president" Diaz,
of Nicaragua, the lay figure which
American marines defend from the at
tacks of the Liberal party led by Juan
Sacasa, the regular constitutional
president. The state department in
timated that it would be demanded of
Diaz that he consent to a protectorate
over Nicaragua by the United States.
A Better Story.
This report having met with a
mixed reception by the public at large,
was Immediately corrected, officially,
by the state department, in this man
ner: Announcement was made that
IN mister Eberhardt at Managua
has informed the department of state
that on Feb. 20 he received from the
minister Of foreign affairs a note
written by direction Of President Diaz.
The text of this note will be forward
ed to the department of state by mail
and until its receipt it cannot be dis
cussed."
Then, officially, it was given out
here that though the state department
did not know what was in the note,
still it would contain the following
main points;
/. An alliance" between little Mica
ragua and the powerful United States
of America, similar to that which the
Republic Of Panama has just rejected
on the grounds that it is "slave
pact"
2. An American police control in
Nicaragua probably along the lines Of
the American receivership Of customs
in the Dominican Republic and the
northumberland Haitian constabu-
larry.
3. American supervisory authority
in certain Nicaraguan governmental
affairs similar to the supervision ex-
ercised by this Government in Cuba
Continued on Page Five)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
CURRENT EVENTS
By t. ]. o'FLAHERTY

HARLES G. Dawes is a candidate
~ for The presidency Of the United
States. Charlie is the fellow who
made "Hell and Maria" famous and
also wrote his name in. German his
tory. Dawes is angling for the far
mer vote. Hence MS espousal IF the
IcNaly-Haugen bill, which passed
thru congress but is doomed to a
Coolidge veto. The main difference
between Coolidge and Dawes is that
the former listens more attentively
to the voice of Wall Street than to
the siren call from the wide open
spaces where every vote that is
counted is a vote gained.
Note how the lads pull off the
trick. Charles G. Dawes is as faith
full a servant of capitalism as Calvin
Coolidge. Dawes caters to the 100
per cent Americans that live west of
the Mississippi He wants to be presi-
dent. Coolidge wants to succeed him
self. He is tied up with the eastern
wing of the republican party. Who
ever is nominated and elected, if
elected, on the republican or demo-
cratic ticket will not make particle
Of difference to the American work
ers. On the day after the election
Mr.. Morgans emissary will call the
successful candidate on the long dis
lance phone and say: What do you
say to a little cup of coffee?"
When Bryan was secretary of
state in the Wilson cabinet he sent
marines to Haiti Yet Bryan was a
pacifist! What a farce? Pacifists,
militarists, or whatever they brand
themselves must do whatever the
dominant ruling class demands of
them. How futile it is to talk about
electing "good" men? No matter
how slow the process may be there
is only one solution for the ills that
afflict society; organization of the
workers to take into their own hands
the power to run society in the in
terests Of the producers.
A young lad favored The DAILY
"A WORKER with a review of Jo-
seph Wood Krutch's Edgar Allan
Poe" 1t will not be published be-
cause there is too much nonsense in
it. Yet the lad served a useful pur-
pose. He makes the mistake of sug-
costing the kind Of Poe that he
Continued on Page Five)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
North Carolina Klan
Abcut Wrecked; Last
Big Official Resigns

RALEIGH, N. c., Feb. 22.-The
Ku Klux Khan as an active, organ
lied force in North Carolina, virtu-
ally blew up today.
Judge Henry A. Grady, for four
years grand DRAGON of the order,
announced his resignation from the
organization, following a break
with Imperial Wizard Hiram w.
Evans, and simultaneously there
was introduced in both branches of
the legislature today bills outlaw
ing the use of masks and conceal
ing robes by members of secret or
CARNATIONS.
Sixty-six of the Sc local Khan
chapters in the state are said to
have surrendered their charters to-
day.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
BRITAIN SENDS Note THREATENING
S0vIETS; RELATIONS ENDANGERED
LitvinOff in Moscow Speech Declares Trade
Agreement Menaced by Oil Interests

LONDON, Feb. %. - The British
cabinet today finished the draft Of
a note which it has been discussing
for some time, and which threatens
a rupture of Anglo-Soviet relations
because of alleged propaganda against
British imperial interests. The Soviet
government is warned" that "such
propaganda constitutes a breach of
the Russo British trade agreement"
II is known that Winston Churchill
is one of the prime movers for this
first step towards breach of rela-
TONS.
Sablin Letters Confirmed.
Today's action confirms reports Of
letters and reports exchanged during
the last six months between the Gar
list agents, Eugene Sablin, and "Senior
Diplomat" GERS, in which Sablin
boosted that he and his organization
Of White-guard Russians had great
influence over Churchill and other cab
met ministers, and would break down
friendly relations between the two
Continued on Page Tsoo)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Catch Milk Dealer
Using Bootleg Stuff
For n. Y. Consumption

Another grating milk dealer was
put out Of business today.
The Washington Condensed Milk
Co. was the offending firm. Forty
cans of bootleg cream, from an I'M
identified source, caused the sup
preston. Health Commissioner Har-
ris issued the .edict after a conference
with the Washington grafters, from
which reporters were excluded.
A storage warehouse van drew up
to the Washington plant at 102 West
oath St. Harris said. The driver
got off, knocked peculiarly on the
doors to the warehouse. They were
opened, but closed as soon as the
truck had entered. Harris emissa-
ries clamored vainly for admittance
Immediately after but after long
wait, called police.
President William J. Mackay, the
savory character who was heading
the Waddington Company, was forced
to agree not to engage in the milk
business or allow any of his fellow
officials TO do so.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Chicago Votes
Machine Guns.
Gangs, Clubs
Saturnalia of Violence in the
Struggle of Old Parties

CHICAGO, Feb. 22.-More than so
men under arrest, one MORALLY
wounded, half a dozen slugged and
kidnapped and general fear of gang
lawlessness marked the mayoralty
primaries in Chicago today.
c. E. Ruthenberg, Workers. Com
munist) Party candidate for mayor.
will run for his place on the ballot
by petition, active members of the
party having been busy circulating
the petitions for some time now. He
has, of course, no opposition, since the
Workers Party settles its nomina-
tons within itself, and not through
the free for all that Chicago prim-
aries have become.
The present incumbent, Mayor De-
yer, has no opposition of any mo-
ment in his race for democratic NOM
ination. Big business is satisfied with
him, and Chicago's vast catholic
gssfion remembers the published
photographs Of Dever kneeling in the
dirt to kiss the prelate's ring when
Cardinal Mundelein's train pulled in.
The supporters of William Hale
Thompson and Edward R. Litsinger,
candidates for republican nomination,
seem to be fighting it out in the
streets as well as the polling places,
with the Thompson gunner a little
ahead, if anything.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Washington Day
Dedicated To
BigBusiiness
Wall Street and Coolidge Call
Him Imperiahst

A deliberate attempt was evident
in the Washingtou's birthday exer.
cises yesterday to couple up the
name of our first president with the
genesis of big business in America,
and to claim him as a patron saint
of Wall Street.
The New York City members of
the Sons and Daughters of Wash
ington assembled at Frances Tav-
ern and marched up Broad Street
to the Washington statue at the
sub-treasury. More than 1000 boys
were given a dinner of turkey. vege-
tables, pie and ice-cream at Brace
Memorial Newsboys Home in Will
liam Street by Mrs. Eliza Guggen-
heimer, in memory of Randolph Gug-
genheimer
st. PauIs Near Wall Street.
Church services were held at St
,Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Fulton
Street, where George Washington
once worshipped. 1t was the tenth
annual service of it's kind conducted
by the George Washington Sulgrave
Institution.
School children and the firemen's
association paraded in Brooklyn.
The Capitalist Washington.
WASHINGTON, Feb: 22.-"First
in war, first in peace"--snd to that
should be added "first American bus
mess man."
So adduced President Coolidge to-
day in a eulogy Of George Washing
ton, delivered before joint session
Of Congress.
Departing from the usual custom
Of bearing solely on Washington's
exploits as commander Of the revolu-
tionary forces and as first president,
Mr.. Coolidge devoted the greater
part Of a 4,500-word speech to a dis
cussion of the business acumen Of
the great Virginian.
"First commercial American
"first expansionist," "builder," "crea-
tor" "man of affairs these were
but few of the nominations con.
ferred upon the father of his coun-
try by Mr.. Coolidge.
Continued on Page Three
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
40 FUR WORKERS
ON TRIAL TODAY
IN STRIKE CASE

The trial of 40 striking furriers
on charges arising from the recent
strike begins this morning at 10 be-
fore Judge Collins in Part 4 of Cen
eral Sessions.
The sudden determination to bring
all the cases up together was reached
a few days ago, although normally
the trials would be held over a period
Of weeks. The furriers, members Of
locals affiliated with the Joint Board,
will be represented by union counsel
headed by George z. Medalie, 120
Broadway.
The charges grew out of hearings
before the grand jury, which ordered
the strikers held. Preservation of
union rights during the strike, in
which scabs and employers agents
provoked the furriers, precipitated
the action.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23

Morals of ten went by the board.
Rents Average S32.
The average rental for a two and
three room apartment" on the lower
east side varies between $1S and $45
per week, centering around $32.
Only a few houses have heating de-
vices; steam heat is comparatively
unknown. Some houses have their
toilets in the yard, as they did rs
years ago; most houses have one
toilet to a floor, used by the members
and boarders of four families.
Houses were built in the back yards
of houses that faced the street.
Only the few families near the top
floor front see the sunlight. This
system of erecting houses in every
available space has made lower New
York one vast, horrible fire-trap; only
an excellent fire department and
modern fire-fighting methods and
apparatus, have postponed the occur
renee of a gigantic fire similar to the
one that swept Chicago in 1905.
The Annual Fire.
Scores of lives are lost yearly in
tenement fires. In one fire, where an
entire floor was burned out, 20 men,
women and children were burned to
death in the flames. The buildings
are so old that they always collapse
after a good fire. Fifteen firemen
have been seriously injured this year
in tenement collapses; five have been
killed.
The average salary Of the east side
worker is S24 per week, varying from
So to $50 and centering around S18-2S.
How he manages to pay $50 month
for his rooms is a mystery, since the
east slider dresses as well as the resi-
dent in any other district, and pays
the same amount for food and cloth
ing.
Disease Turks In Garbage.
Street cleaning department removal
trucks pay few calls to the Ghetto and
Little Italy, for Mr.. Morgan's and Mr..
Astor's rubbish must be removed first.
AS consequence, the streets are lit
tered with rubbish from morning till
night, spreading diseases of all kinds.
The absence of sunlight makes disease
still more prevalent.
The landlords, who used to be the
kindliest and most patient in the city,
have adopted the dog-eat-dog psy-
chology of the average landlord.
Rents must be paid in full on the first
and fifteenth of the month, or he gets
"dispossess."
On the two coolest days in the past
winter, three landlords were cold
blooded enough to eject many fami-
lies, temporarily financially embar-
assed and unable to pay the rent at
Continued on Page Five)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
BY WILL DE KALB.

always the nsanary the
since its beginning has been the deny
squalor disease filth, section described
appeared conditions
he todayf possible
many people have been occupy
boader
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Poor Women Die of
Infection in Public
Ward of N. Y. Hospital

Six mothers, toe poor to receive
private treatment. have died at the
Sloane Hospital for Women at Am
sterdam Avenue and 59th Street with
in the past three weeks. None of the
women in private wards were af-
flicted by the infection which caused
havoc in The public ward.
Hospital authorities blamed an I'M
known Carrier" Of the infection who
may have been visitor. Eight cases
were reported
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Firetrap Tenements of
Lower East Side Take
Scores of Lives Yearly

The DAILY WORKER today publishes the first of series
of regional Surveys of housing conditions IN Nea0 York City,
W de Kalb DAILY WORKER aOYIer qOho IN 10 gears
porter research a0ore has studied metropolitan housing
from all angles tells Of conditions IN the congested lo0e east
osJo
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23

The Daily Worker Fights:
For the Organization of the I'm.
organized.
For a Labor Party.
Fer the 40-HOur Week.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23

outskirts was intensified.
The shells which came inside the
city were from a Chinese gunboat
stationed in the Whangpoo River.
The crew mutined and raised the Ma
tionalist colors. They then made an
attempt to she'll the Kiangnan ar
senal, located on an island, and pro-
tected by Notifications. The army of
Sun Chuan-fang draws heavily on
this arsenal, one of the largest in
China, for munitions.
The attempt did not succeed well.
as the gunboat was one sold by
thrifty foreign contractors to the
Picking government, and it's guns
were defective. Shells falling short
struck the French concession, and de-
stroyed the houses of two Americans
living there.
The American residences damaged
were those of William Rae and F. w.
Schlobohn. The residences of R. H.
T. Wade and Mrs. NJ. R. Harris, Bril-
fish SUBJECTS, and the old French
Club, also were hit.
AS soon as the Smelling began
there were disorders of a serious ma
ture in the native quarters, adjoin-
ing the French concession.
One report stated that the con-
stabulary and soldiers in the Chinese
quarters were mutinying and joining
the Chinese populace. The many
executions which the Chinese au-
thorities have carried out have
angered the population and it now
appears that the defenders" of
Shanghai are menaced by the Can
tonese before the city and by a re-
bellious population within the citz
The French population of Shang-
hal was kept within the international
settlement, and as this dispatch is
filed, there has been no disorder
within the settlement. Except for
shells falling in the French conces-
sion there is no evidence of the bat
tie which seems to be raging virtual
ly at the city gates.
Canton Supporters in Shanghai.
The Cantonese have hosts of sup
porters in t'a city who are arousing
the populaca and are rather effect
lively impeding any defense by the
forces within the city.
The soldiers of Sun Chuan Fang
arc reported to be wavering in their
allegiance and there are many who
believe that they will lay down their
arms rather than give prolonged re-
sistance to the Cantonese advance.
Revenge for the decapitation of
Cantonese sympathizers and agita-
tors by the minions of General Ii
Pao-Chang, Shanghai's defense COM
missioner, was sworn today by the
Cantonese to be exacted when the
southerners capture Shanghai.
Local Cantonese swore that they
viii strip two pieces of flesh from
Ii Pao-Chang's living body" for
each person beheaded during the
present disturbances.
The military authorities continue
the strictest vigilance against dis
orders, also directing their efforts
toward crushing the strike through
threats of drastic punishment to
strikers.
10000 Workers Idle.
Nevertheless, 10000 workers re-
main idle, new walk-outs balancing
the numbers of those who have re-
turned 10 work.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Blazing Rum Schooner
Floating on Atlantic
After Rescue of Crew

BOSTON, Feb. 22.-the schooner
reported on fire 70 miles off Boston
light by the Dutch steamship Bly,
dendyk was found today to be the
Kathleen Conrad, Leahave, N. s., to
St. Pierre Miquelon, carrying 1,400
drums 70 alcohol.
The schooner's captain and a crew
of nine were brought to port aboard
the schooner Grant Marshall.
The Marshall came upon the Conrad
in distress and after taking off the
crew set the latter boat on fire, be-
lieving it to be a menace to shipping.
Explosions heard aboard the Con-
rad by the Blydendyk crew were from
the bursting alcohol drums. Capt.
Randall said the loss would come to
about $4,000.
l.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
FUR WORKERS PLAN TO attend THE
COOPER UNION MEETING TODAY

All members Of Workers meeting
by the be held tonight
after work at Union.
At this meeting is believed that the demonstrate
their solidarity for the left Board and conn.,
pleey rout the union wreciing policy of the right wing
Just ago by the American Fed
with the
turned into demonstration of the left
wing believed that tonghts cou
Until today knew who the leaders the
of the in
for several months
The speakers advertised include Abraham Bekerman Abraham
Shiplacoff and Morris Sigman
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-23
Mutineers on Ship
Shell Sun Arsenal
Beheading of Labor Leaders ArOuses Ire of
Chinese Masses

SHANGHAI Feb 22The battle for Shangha-the richest
port of Chna--is in progress.
Firing is heard without the city heavy shells have fallen
within the city limits and there every evidence the Can
Onese have started their drive for the city
Excitement high and the foreign defense we're as
sembng at 80 this evening the sound of the guns
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-09-28
El HARRY ATWOOD
President, Constitution Anniversary
A ssOciatiOn

Association
Among the very significant gen.
eral provisions Of the constitution
are the following:
All debts contracted and engage.
ments entered into before the adop-
ton Of this constitution shall be
valid against the United States un.
der this constitution as under the
confederation"
This is conclusive evidence that
the men Who wrote the constitution
had high sense Of honor, as they
bound the new government, when
set up under the constitution, to as
sumo all obligations that had pre-
viously been incurred by the United
States. They did not favor "can-
collation. Of debts" properly incurred,
even under very trying conditions.
Nesting Supreme Law
This constitution and the laws of
the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof and all
treaties made. or which shall be
made, under the authority of the
United States, shall be the supreme
law ot the land: and the Judges in
every state shall be bound thereby,
anything IN the constitution or laws
ot any state 70 the contrary not
pifhstanding
This provision Is strong confirm
alton Of the fact that the authors
OF the constitution intended to pro-
vide for setting UP federal govern
ment that would be strong enough
to MAINTAIN itself and TO function at
all times, under all conditions.
The senators and representatives
before mentioned, and the members
Of the several state legislatures, and
all executive and judicial officers,
both Of the United States and of the
several states, shall be bound by
oath or affirmation to support this
constitution"
There is general doubt as to wheth,
or the average public official at
taches sufficient Importance and sim
certify to taking an oath to support
the constitution, owing to the fact
that most public officials have all
too little understanding of it's mean
in, and value.
Amendments
"Thc congress, whenever two
thirds Of both houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amend
ments to this constitution, or, on the
application Of the legislatures of
two-thirds of the several states.
shall call convention for proposing
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-09-28
AMENDMENTS MUST PROVE NECESSARY
U.s.. CONSTITUTIONS FATHERS said

amendments, which in either case,
shall be valid to all intents and pur-
poses, as part of this constitution.
when ratified by the legislatures of
threc-fourths Of the several states,
or by conventions in three-fourths
thereoe, as the one or the other mode
of ratification may be proposed by
the congress-; provided - that no
state, without its consent, shall be
deprived Of its equal suffrage in the
senate"
This provision for the method of
procedure in making amendments is
an illustration of the unusual ca
pacity of the men who wrote the
constitution to make clear, compre-
hensive statements with brevity and
effectiveness.
In short paragraph two methods
are provided by which amendments
may be proposed and two methods
by which proposed amendments may
be ratified; but, in each instance, it
Is provided that proposal for amend
ment and ratification of amendment
shall be made through representa-
tives.
Provision of Necessity
Note the effective use Of the word
necessary" 1t does not provide
that amendments shall be proposed
whenever congress shall deem It ex-
pedient or in concession to excessive
pressure from interested minorities
or in response to popular clamor. but
when two-thirds Of both houses
Shall deem it necessary"
The last clause indicates how
strongly insistent the delegates to
the constitutional convention from
the smaller states were to provide
for permanent equal representation
Of the states in the senate.
This makes it impossible to de-
prive any state, without its consent.
Of equal representation in the SEN
ate even though the other AZ states
might wish to amend the constitu-
ton to do so.
Ten amendments were adopted on
June Is, 1870, eight of which were
taken largely from document
known as the Bill of Rights which
was issued in England i: 1859.
Since that time nine amendments
have been added to the constitution.