davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

would find in few years one.siXth
of our whole population of this class.
to say nothing of the great injustice
to the people of this District which
would result from the immense in
crease of fugitive negroes here by the
passage of this BILL
y X y
CENATOR SALISBURY said that if
~ the District emancipation bill were
passed lit would be by the votes of
Senators from non slave holding States
States that were not afflicted with
the curse of free negro population
Continuing, he said; II wish to relieve
this city, If this bill should pass, from
what l consider one of the greatest
curses that can affiict our people-a
free negro population:-and j rise now
to propose an additional section to the
bill. with q view that this District
may be relieved from that curse and
that the gentlemen whose philan-
thropic feelings are SO great as to In
duce them to pass this bill may have
an opportunity of taking the persons
liberated to their own keeping
He offered as an amendment that
after the passage of the bill the
emancipated slaves of the District of
Columbia be removed at the expense
of the Federal Government to the
States of Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connect
cut, Vermont, New York. Pennsylva-
MIA. New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Mich
igan. Iowa. Wisconsin, Minnesota.
Kansas. Oregon and California. to be
distributed among these States pro
rata according to their population
Tho nd nrInro1
the amendment. with the result: Yeas,
, tkennedy and Salisbury; nays, 81.
The point was made of no quorum.
the Senate refused to adjourn and
Salisbury spoke to his amendment
He was followed by Senator Harlan
of lowe for the bill. The question of
amalgamation of the races had been
touched on, and Harlan, taking up
this point. said it was notorious that
Senator from Kentucky. during his
Harlan's) time In the Senate. had
lived with a coIored woman in Wash
ington, and he said: Their six mu-
latto children are now at school in
Ohio" This added heat to the discus
sion and some Senators were so free
spoken that the Rambler feels that
word-for-word report of their remarks
might not be acceptable in a ramble.
Harlan, continuing the discussion, said:
do you find white gentlemen and
white ladies marrying free negroes
that are now in this District? DO you
find them marrying free negroes i'll
Maryland? Do Senators find that the
amalgamation Of the white and negro
races Is in progress In the States they
represent? And, If so, does 1t progress
more rapidly in the free than In the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

from both Georgetown and Annapolis.
\ great deal of the early history of
the Catholic Church in the United
States centers abut it. 1T Ions was
used as a station for Jesuit noviCes,
after its role as mission house was
concluded, The old college, where
these young men received their train.
ing for service, was torn down nearly
a half century ago. The present oc-
cupant Of the property remembers
when the building was standing ON
the site now occupied by large locust
tree.
THE end of the American Revolu
l. ton found the Catholic Church in
the United States in a somewhat pre-
carious position. 1t had no organiZa-
ton of its own and had the status of
a missionary district under the vicar
apostolic at London. one Bishop Chal-
loner. His vicar general for the col
onies was one John Lewis, who had
been the superior of the Jesuit Order.
Challoner died about the time of the
final victory at Yorktown. His sue
cessor was Bishop James Talbot, who
showed the same disposition to wash
his hands Of the colonial parishes that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

napolis and a score of isolated farm
: settlements in southern and western
Maryland.
eTHE opening of the road seems
destined to make Whitemarsh one
! of the historic shrines of Maryland
| which may he visited by thousands
! of American Catholics during the
next few years. 1t long has been
| isolated by poor roads. and the his
| toriC importance of the spot has been
| lost sight of by the general public.
! But already this Summer a Consid-
| cradle increase has been noted in the
number of tourists, particularly Cler-
! gymen. 1t might he called the birth
! place of the American hierarchy and
certainly is the most historic place
along the road.
In the old brick manor house there,
some Of the walls of which still are
standing and incorporated in the pres
ent farmhouse, the organization of
the Catholic church in the United
States was mapped out in 1888, just
after the Revolution.
Whitemarsh. still the property of
the Society of Jesus and administered
by the parish at Bowie. is a few hun
dred feet off the Defense Highway and
| is reached by rough gravel road.
There, in the middle of a circular
plateau on top OF hill 100 feet high.
stood the mission house st. Francis
Rorsia, named for the third general
Of the Jesuit order. Down the sides
of the hill and as far as the river
stretched cultivated fields. This was
one Of the four or five extensive man
ors occupied by the Society of Jesus
i'll Maryland at the time of the Revo-
luton. The titles to much of this
property still remain with the order
after a rather stormy history.
Whitemarsh now is a rather pa
thetic spot. The dwelling is occu-
pied by the family which operates the
farm. The church. pretty rural
chapel where mass is celebrated every
Sunday by priests from Bowie, stands
beside the house and Incorporates not
only the bricks but a part of tho
walls Of the Revolutionary chapel
to which John Carroll, founder of
the American hierarchy. often came.
Behind the church is the old grave
yard, overgrown with blackberry
bramble. which hides the old head
stones, the inscriptions on some of
which are hardly readable. Most of
these graves date from the last CEN
fury. The original occupants of the
property either were buried else
where or their graves have become
lost. About the cemetery and the
farmyard are fine old box bushes.
doubtless planted more than $50
years ago by the Jesuit missionaries.
In the day of its glory, Whitemarsh
probably was the most convenient
center for gatherings of the clergy,
since it could be reached by post road
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

man laws. The antipathy Is very
strong between the two classes of
people and 1 do not know how far
they might be melted to deeds Of vio-
lence if the proportion Of free blacks
that now exists was greatly in.
creased"
After much discussion Of that
phase of the question, Senator Har-
Ian resumed: There is no danger Of
this war of determination, at least
in the streets of the Capital, and the
| 500 slaves now laboring quietly un.
der control OF their masters will prob
ably not be murdered by their former
masters if they should be liberated.
| would almost guarantee that the
liberated slaves will not murder their
masters if the masters will not muir
der them. l have never yet
met white man or woman in the
District who manifested this species
of vindictiveness against the colored
people. Why should they? Do you
answer because they are poor and
ugly and ignorant and feeble? Is it
possible that an American Senator
will teach here today that because
the white race is said to be more
powerful and highly endowed and has
acquired high position in the scale
Of civilization. it may with impunity
trample on the feeble and defense
less? The advancement Of such a
dogma ought to mantle the states
mans cheek with the blush Of
shame!"
Senator Salisbury followed Senator
Harlan and the Rambler takes this
from SaulSbury's speech: Never have
I been on the floor of the American
Senate fighting the battle of slavery,
although l am one of those men who
dare say in the face of the American
Senate and the American people that
as the system of American slavery has
it's existence in this country without
our fault. and as it now exists, 1t is
preferable to both races that those
who are now slaves should continue
to be slaves, even to the end of time
than that they should be released al<
thrown broadcast upon society free
men, to disturb the harmony and
peace of the communities in which
they may be placed. Sir, say
further, that so far from fighting
this question simply as an advocate OF
slavery. I should be perfectly willing
this day TO see the few slaves in my
State go free. provided the gentlemen
who are in favor of that policy would
only take the free negroes off our
hands"
The Board of Common Council and
the Board of Aldermen of Washington
City memorialized Congress not to
pass the bill emancipating slaves IN
the District OF Columbia. and I will
show you the papers in the case next
SuA4f1!s ..-----.. ----.-.. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10
BY THOMAS X. HENRY.

% HE old roads of Virginia and
Maryland, wreathed with his
tory and legend from the ear
Il lest DAYS of the Republic. rap
idly are becoming ava liable TO
the casual tourist who demands plen-
ty of hard, smooth concret@ before
he goes exploring.
The latest highway to appear in a
new dress is the old post road between
Washington ana Annapolis, starting
from the World war cross at Bladens-
burg and continuing to the Maryland
capital through Prince Georges and
Anne Arundel counties.
1t traverses a rather sparSely set
tied countryside of tobacco fields and
cut-over forests which is rich in his
tory. The improved road, which has
been in operation since Christmas
eve. fills a subSta ntial commercial
need for easy communication between
the National Capital and Chesa peake
Bay. 1t will be a valuable military
asset. Last but not least, it will re-
open some musty chapters of Ameri-
can history.
Next Saturday, officials of Maryland
and the District of Columbia will join
hands on the new bridge, which marks
the halfway point between the two
cities, and formally open the high
way. They will be standing on Il
spot which should not easily he for.
gotten. The whole countryside has
played its part in the story of the
Republic. Long before Baltimore
was fiourishing city, this old road
winding through red clay banks, was
the shortest route to the South and
the most notable avenue of commune
cation between the two sections.
The new highway has been con-
structed through the cooperation of
the State and the Federal govern
ments and is known as the Defense
Highway. Just before reaching the
halfway point it runs at right angles
into the new Crane highway, which
has opened UP the rich farming Coun-
try of southern Maryland to Wash
ington and Baltimore.
The project for improving this road
has been long before the public. 1t
first was authorized by an act of
Congress in 1895. to provide quick
access from the National Capital to
the bay as a military measure. No
funds were appropriated. however,
and the plan was held i'll allegiance
for more than a hundred years, until
Maryland began to construct state
roads
Tie present route differs slightly
from that of the old post road. and
1nsistence upon the change was one
OF the factors which delayed the start
of construction. Finally the United
States appropriated $125O00 for the
work and the state matched this
amount.
The priests bridge across the Pa.
tuXent River, where the ceremonies
will be held Saturday, is very nearly
the halfway point between Washing
ton and Annapolis. The present con-
crete structure, completed by the
Maryland roads commission in 1925,
stands in the place of a wooden span
built by Jesuit missionaries about the
middle of the 18th century, and over
which they rode on horseback from
the nearby mission house at White
marsh to say mass at Baltimore, An
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

| they showed to be relieved from his
jurisdiction. He refused to grant Gre
dentials to two American priests who
were passing through England on
their way home. Bishop Talbot evil
IDENTIFY felt that the political revolution
had freed everything American from
everything British.
The American churChmen disliked
the continued English jurisdiction.
They We're in the unpleasant position
OF representing the sole link of ale
glance which had not been thrown off.
This, it is likely. made them subject
to some suspicion on the part of their
fellow citizens. Matters drifted on
without leadership. Father Lewis
showed no disposition to seek au.
thority for himself or to bring any
form OF organization out of the chaos
which was developing. There was no
provision whatsoever for ordaining
priests and there seemed a possibility
that there would be no clerical body
left when the present clerSymen died.
Now the keenest intelligence in the
colonial church was John Carroll, who
had been a member of the Society of
Jesus before it's dissolution by the
Vatican, and who had played promi-
nent part as a diplomat during the
Revolution. Carroll then was living
at his family home. near Rrock Greek.
lie was panied by the uncertainty of
conditions under which the church
was existing and set himself to the
task of devising a form of organiZa-
ton.
Carroll wrote to friend in 1882:
THE clergymen continue to live in
the old form. 1t is the effect Of habit,
and if they could promise themselves
immortality it would be well enough.
But / regret that Incidence prevents
any form OF administration being
adopted which tends to secure to pos
terity a succession of Catholic clergy
and secure to them a comfortable
subsistence. 1t is fortunate that the
present superior H'ather Lewis is a
person free from every selfish view
and ambition. But his successor may
not be the same"
Father Carroll was worried over the
fate of the church property, which
was quite extensive in Maryland, but
was protected by uncertain titles. Most
of the priests then i'm the United
States had been members of the So
ciety of Jesus, which officially had
been dissolved, although it still main
tanned a sort of organization in Russia,
where Catherine the Great had re-
fused to allow the official publication
of the papal order. Some of the men,
bers in America still looked to Rus.
STA
Fortunately for the church, the
Jesuit property titles had been made
out to individuals rather than to the
order, but this was a dangerous situa-
ton considering the possibility of UNI
scrupulous men coming into posses
sion of the estates.
X X
CARROLL communicated his plan
- of organization to the American
clerGymen so far as possible--there
were approximately II priests in the
colonies at the time-and the result
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

the new nation. In this it was sup
ported by Henry Stuart. Cardinal of
York, the ranking English prelate.
who was living at Rome. He was
barred from England because he was
| pretender to the English throne. be-
uc the grandson of James the Second.
Stuart not only was a French partisan n,
but was A bitter enemy of the Jesuit
order and disliked the prospect of q
former member Of the society beCom.
ing the head of a national Urganiza-
ton.
Another curious ally to the scheme
of securing a French bishop for the
United States was Benjamin Franklin,
who is supposed to have had several
conferences with the Cardinal of York
and with French diplomats over the
situation. Franklin, it is likely, was
actuated by the prospect of further
ing American and French friendship
and had little real understanding of
the principles involved. When he
learned of the appointment of Car
roll. he not only accepted the outcome
cheerfully, but congratulated the new
bishop.
FROM this point on Whitemarsh be
gins to decline as a center OF
church activity. The Jesuit order
was partially restored. Georgetown
College was established and became a
flourishing center. The society began
to- demand the restoration of it's prop
erty, and the new bishop was beset
with troubles i'm the controversy which
arose. He himself had been mem
,xf he iAf. ,tf To 4 h
end of his life he remained faithful
to the principles of the order, but he
was obliged to curb the demands OF
some of the more enthusiastic mem
bers.
The climax was reached in 1914
| The Jesuit novices were at George
| town. With the prospect of the cap
ture Of Washington by the British. i
was desired to move them to White
marsh, then under the care of Rev
| Germain BitouZy. who had attained
! to Considera BILE influence in the fina n
Cial affairs of the church. He dis
| liked the Jesuits, to whom he referred
| COntemptuously as Russians" Bit
ouzy refused to give up the property
| Father Grassi, then president o
| Georgetown, insisted and appealed t,
| the bishop. Now there was SOM
question as TO whether the order ha'
been restored in the United States
Carroll was in a position where h.
would make enemies whichever wa,
he turned. He wrote to Father Grassi
Let me beseech you to recommend
to the members of the society to fol
low the instructions of the Rev
Father General and convince them
selves that they have not, and can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

r y tracing the course of the Dis
trict emancipatio bill in the
Senate, 1S61-1S62, the Rambler
i has found no Senator from q
sIaVe-holding State who did not
oppose the bill. Some of these Sena-
tors were not defenders of slavery and
would not have opposed the bill had
it provided for deportation Of the
freedmen. If you have read preceding
rambles on this subject you may have
learned some of the arguments for and
against ema ncipation i'll the District
and in this ramble you may read the
abstract ! have made Of speeches by
Senator Anthony Kennedy a. Mary
land and Senator Willard salisbury
of Delaware against the bill and the
speech by Senator James Harlan of
Iowa for it.
! believe there was no question as
TO the Union feeling or the anti-seces-
sion feeling of the border State Sena-
tors opposed TO emancipation in the
District. Senator Anthony Kennedy
was elected as a Unionist from Mary
land and served from March 4, 1857, to
March 3. 1868. lie spoke on the Dis
trict emancipation bill March 25, 1862.
and said in part:
- 90 not mean 10 uSIdln tilF sell
ate in the vain attempt To influence
the conclusions TO which l fear ma
iority Of this body have come in favor
of this bill, nor TO attempt an argu
mcnt to show the existence of the
right of property in slaves. Nor shall
] attempt to make an argument to
show the dangerous consequences and
unhappy results which must flow
from this and kindred measures now
in progress of adoption. This must
be apparent to every right minded
and candid man whose Judgment is
not warped by prejudice or Influenced
by party considerations ! shall con
tent myself with the simple purpose.
in few words, of entering the most
solemn protest in the name Of my
State against the adoption of this
measure which | have ever yet made
as one of the representatives of her
sovereignty on this floor.
The State of Maryland is most
deeply interested in the result of this
Unhappy and unnatural war. All of
her prosperity. present and to come,
all of her historical renown in the
past connected with her bloody strug-
giles for this Union. all of her dignity
as state, is involy / in the policy
by which this contest is to be con
Quoted and finally settled. Her geo.
graphical position and small white
population preclude the possibility of
II successful maintenance of on resia-
lance for any policy Of her own against
the unSerupulou3 exercise of power
by a majority of Northern states.
~'l,Ah - srv time might be used to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10
yland and District Officials Dedicate Defense Highway

not have yet, any corporate rights In
the eCClesia stical property of this
country. l see cloud gathering and
raised by some anti-Jesuit clergy of
different nations which threatens much
trouble if they can raise it. But their
enmity would give me little alarm IL
it were not vitiated more and more by
the language and premature preten.
siOns of some of your subjects"
Bitouzy finally resigned and White.
marsh came back to the Jesuits when
the order was fully restored by papal
| decree. The nOviCes were moved there
from Georgetown. and the place re.
manned for the next half century a.
center of ecclesiastical education. But
| the country had changed. Baltimore
now was the seat of bishopric
rather than Of mission. Washington
was 1ourishing capital, and White.
marsh was only place by the side
| of the road in a sparsely inhabited
| countryside.
Thus the historic mission house
! finally became only a rural chapel,
ministering to neighboring farmers
| which 1t remains to this day. 1t had
served it's purpose in the establish
ment Of. the church in the new re.
! public and fell into long sleep.
| 1t is notable, indeed, for one other
| man who lived there for a. time. The
most conspicuous of all Catholic mis-.
| sionaries among the American Indians
| was Peter de Smet, who came out to
| Maryland from Belgium in 1921. He
| nrSt was sent rs a novice to White
marsh and lived there for time in
a. log cabin. After a few months
| tralnlng' ne set out with party of 10
other young Jesuits for the West.
|
wheeling, distance of approximately
4OO miles, then went on flatboats down
the OHIO to Shawneetown. and from
there went on foot to the recently set.
| TIED town of st. Louis. Father he
Smet's work brought him into contact
| with practically all the Indian tribes
west Of the Mississippi. and probably
no White man who ever lived under.
stood them better. Again and again
ne was sent by the Government IN
paCry the tribesmen and he seldom
failed. 0"'
n the earlier days, before the Reyo.
luton, the priests from White.
marsh used to ride on horseback from
farmhouse to farmhouse, saying mass
and hearing confessions. Many of the
old Colonial mansions included chap.
els which still exist. The Jesuits led
a rough life. Their entire subsistence
was obtained from the cultivation of
the fields about their mission houses.
1t is probable that the men at White.
marsh wore clerical attire only when
they were at the altar. Their custo.
mary attire, it is probable, was that
of Colonial farmers.
The bridge which they threw over
the Patuxent was one of the earliest
in Maryland. or in any of the colonies
for that matter. and doubtless was
vital part of the old post road be-
tween Georgetown and Annapolis.
That bridge echoed the hoofbeats of
the horses of distinguished riders in
the early history of the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-10

Saturday dBa~W Apn Place. Ftons
nd South Funhe Cmp
Churchill Associated Wnemarh
YoungstownskeÌ SlovenskeÌ noviny = Youngstown Slovak news. (Youngstown, Ohio) 1910-1940, 1927-07-08
REDAKTOR K. SOKOLA
v YOUNGSTOWN

Redaktor X. Sokola, DIR. Gusto
Kosik Passaic, Nj. boil pritom
ny ma zupnom slete K. Sokolstva
" Akron. v utorok zastavil sa v
naSom meste navstivil j redak.
ciu tychto novin. Potion Dol ho'
st ON Rev. St. Kocisa, ktory mu
poukazoval novu skolsku budovu
Pred svojim odchodom, DIR. Kosik
ponavStevoval este viacerEch So
kolslkych prarovnfkov tuna. 0
slete sa vyslovil. re boil jednym
najvydarenejsich, axe dosiaf vi
del. Tiez sl'Ibil pracovat' "a to.
ably budica konvencia X. Soko.
low bola vydrziavana naSom me.
ste.
YoungstownskeÌ SlovenskeÌ noviny = Youngstown Slovak news. (Youngstown, Ohio) 1910-1940, 1927-07-08

Minulej nedelc V domacnosti
p. Jozefa Tylkll a jeho manelky
na Shirley Road bola vel 'ka osla.
va. Spytali SINE sa po pricine, a
tn nam jeden ich priatel' ozna.
mil, ze oslavovali prfchod prvoro.
denej dcerly, ktora bola V nede.
l'u Rev. Kozelekom pokrstena ma
memo Irenka. Krstnymi rodiemi
sii p. Jozef TkaGik a jeho manzel.
ka New Middletowm. Hostina
bola bohata, nejedna chudina ku-
ra to zaplatila svojim krkom. Ne
zabudlo sa ami ma prohibiciu. Pan
Tylka sa vel'mi raduje svoiei
princezne. Tylkovcom prajeme. a.
by sa dcerky dozili mnoho ra.
dosti a budlicne ably to Dol park.