The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-13
Oeading article from 'Pravda"
June 23.)


The depths and the swing of the
revolution is expressed most clearly in
the racing tempo at which the events
in China are developing. Hardly
eighteen months have passed since
! the commencement of the campaign
against the North which led the ma
tional army to the borders of Kwang-
tung in the Yangtse Valley. How
much has happened in these few
months, what tremendous progress has
forces, how much the measure has
grown which must now be used to
estimate the situation! In this period,
WI Pei-fu, Sun Chuan-fang and
Chang Tsung chang have been devel-
oped New millions of workers and
peasants have gone into the revolu-
tionary struggle. The tremendous
growth of the workers and peasants
movement on the one hand and the
open and hard pressure of the imperi-
alists on the other have intensified
the differences inside the national-re-
volutionary camp. Chang Kai7shek
has betrayed the revolution and the
| bourgeoisie which up to his treachery
played the leading role has gone with
him into the camp of the counter-revo-
luton. The hegemony IS going over
more and more obviously to the work
ing class, but at the same time the
| line and the methods of the struggle
are becoming more definite. The
Wuhan government and the Kuomin-
tang are now faced with the necessity
of fighting upon two fronts, against
Pekin and against Marking. At the
same time the revolutionary solution
of the agrarian problem as carried
out by the peasant unions caused a
further splS in the Wuhan ranks. The
counter-revolutionary officers insur-
rection broke out in Changsha.
This stormy change of events and
of the general situation is taking place
upon an extremely kaleidoscope basis
in country where new and modern
methods of capitalist exploitation rub
shoulders with the remnants of the
most extreme feudalism, where in an
extremely complicated system, the
most varied relations exist side by
side. Between Shanghai and any
Sitchuan there is not merely a 1000
kilometres, but century of economic
development This tremendous va
riety of existing social forms, this
great inequality in the development
of the various provinces and districts,
the great differences in the degree of
dependence upon the imperialists, up
on the foreign market, the differences
in the forces and Importance of the
remnants of feudalism, all this causes
a great variety of interests, causes the
existence of a great number of middle
groups and sections. This must be
taken into consideration in the pres
ent epoch of development in which the
re-grouping Of class forces has by no
means ended.
"The forces of the petty bourgeoisie
is vacillating force" This statement
of Lenin applied to the present situa-
ton in China means that one may not
reckon that with the detection of
Chang Kai-shek to the side of the
conference.-the laid the definite
border between the revolution and the
counter-ravolution, between the forces
for and against the bourgeois demo
cratic revolution. On the contrary,
20 bo AO,,ro.ooie Joy,o
ic revolution will become deeper every
day and more definite. This makes a
further differentiation in the Wuhan
camp unavoidable. The intellectual
radical bourgeois elements in the Kuo-
mintang will vacillate according to
their class character, they cannot take
a decisive and definite line. We must
therefore be prepared for new defec-
tions, for new treachery. To close
ones eyes in the face Of this POSSIBLE
ity would be just as stupid as to fall
into a panic on account of it.
Chang Kai-shek has openly be-
trayed the revolution. But a number
OIL GlenlGnCS IeldUSu " IlilIA are Sblil III
the Kuomintang. The swing of the
workers and peasants movement
brought in it's first period the defec-
ton of the bourgeoisie with it. Its
further development, the tremendous
extension of the agrarian revolution
from below must result in a further
detection of the bourgeoiste and the
troops most nearly related to it. The
officers instruction in Changsha has
a symptomatic significance in this
connection The officers Of the Wuhan
army opposed the peasants who had
decided to take the land and the pow
er into their own hands. The social
and political significance Of this action
of the officers was fundamentally the
same as that of the detection of
Chang Kai-shek
It is extremely typical of the lack
Of determination, the half measures
and the lack of character of the petty
L Al IL