davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

Countess Marhevicz acquired the
title thru marriage with a Polish
count from whom she separated Ow-
ing to differences of opinion over the
war. She belongs to the more radical
wing of the Republican movement and
considers herself a Workers Repub-
lican. She took part in the Easter
Week rebellion with James Connolly
and other leaders and was sentenced
to death, a sentence afterwards COM
muted. She was the first woman ever
elected to the British house Of COM
mons but refused to take her seat,
since she did not recognize the right
Of the imperialist parliament TO legis-
late for the people of Ireland. She
has just been elected to the Dali from
South Dublin, in opposition to the
Cosgrave government.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

"Yet no European country is less
capable of carrying on a modern war
than Italy; she has neither the coal,
steel nor chemical industries neces-
sary, and equally is she incapable of
developing a modern industrialism
without external resources. Her popu-
lation increases unchecked and be-
meath all the blare and buster of this
apparently renascent Italy there ac-
cumulates a congestion Of underedu-
Gated and what will soon be underfed
millions.
Bleed Workers and Peasants
at seems to me that the horoscope
of Italy reads something after this
fashion; This romantic, magnificent
patriotic fascist party, so exalted and
devoted in its profession, will continue
to grip the land; but Of necessity, it
must become more land more the SER
want Of foreign and domestic capital,
and more and more must it set itself
to reduce its dear and beloved ItaIv
to a congested country of sweated
workers and terrorized peasants, until
at last it win be seen plainly as the in
dustrial slum of Europe.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
WELLS RAPS FASCISM AS Menace

Italy is now the Sick Land of Eu-
rope, fever patient, flushed with
hectic resemblance to health and still
capable of convulsive but not of sus-
tanned violence" writes H. G. Wells,
British author, in a current periodical.
"She has fallen out of the general
circle Of European development: she
is no longer a factor in progressive
civilization. In the attempts to con-
solidate European affairs that will be
going on the next decade, Italy will be
watched rather than consulted. She
has murdered or exiled all her E
peans
"The deadliest thing about fascism
is its systematic and ingenious and
complete destruction of all criticism
and critical opposition. It is leaving
which it is in contact.
Fascism is holding up the whole APP
raratus of thought and education in
Italy, killing or driving out Of the
country every capable thinker, clear
ing out the last nests of independent
expression in the universities. Mean
while its militant gestures alarm and
estrange every foreign power with
which it is in contat
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
The Labor Movement of India

Labor Movement" 1926. Both these
strikes were we'll organized and car
ried out in a comradely fashion. This
evidently bespeaks the break now TAX
ing place in the temper of the back
ward and oppressed working masses,
and demonstrates the growth of their
RESPONSIVENESS. In both strikes,
despite the fact that experience and a
proper lead were lacking, the work
ers nevertheless achieved tangible re-
suits: In Indor the IA hour working
day was abolished, in Mayor, wages
were partially increased. As q result
of these strikes strong unions have
been organized in Maysor and Indor,
which Immediately drew in COMPARE
lively large numbers of workers.
Repression Grows.
The growing activity of the work
ing class and the stubbornness with
which they defend themselves against
the onslaught Of capital, was coun-
teracted by the government with ruth
less and oppressive measures. The
following facts will illustrate this:
Q) Large numbers of striking
metal workers in Bombay were ar
rested in August, 1926. (See Inter
national Labor Movement" No. 43,
1920
(2) A peaceful gathering of strik-
ing workers were shot down in Ben
galor "a killed and IA wounded).
90 The raid on the building Of the
Railwaymen's Union in Negapatam,
where documents wero rifled and
members Of the union management
arrested.
Attitude To British Miners Strike,
News of the British miners strike
was welcomed by the workers Of In
dia. Throughout the country meet
ings were held at which resolutions
Of sympathy and collections were
made. Especially active were work.
ers' organizations in Bombay. To help
the British striking miners a COM
mittee Of action was formed by the
Bengal miners, which, by the way,
suggested solidarity strike, but were
unable to carry It out.
The Amsterdam International, British
Reformlsts and the Indian Labor
Movement.
Especially during the last year
have the activities Of tho British re-
formlsts In india, which have COM
paratively long history, been energeti-
cally carried out. The British Labor
Party took all measures to control the
developing British trade union move
ment and 20 guide It through reform-
ist channels. During 1929 tho follow.
ing leaders Of the British labor party
and Trade Union Congress visited
IndiaI Graham Paul, Johnskons,
syme and RosenfoFd. AZ tho present
time delegation OF ths International
Federation Of Textile Workers, head
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

Boys Corps of the working class,
the Boys Corps of the student class,
and the Boys Corps of the peasant
class. Altho these boys are Of three
classes Of people, yet their objects
and methods of organization are
identical--to fasten the working
spirit, promote community life, de-
velop the spirit of sacrifices and
bravery, and to further the interests
of laborers and peasants
Surprising Progress.
Besides the development Of the
Boys Corps during the last three
months in Hupeh province, there are
in Shanghai about 10,0Co youths, in
Human 5000, and in Kwangtung
5000 The other provinces have not
yet organized, but the students
unions, the labor unions, and the pea
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
CHANG TSO LIN DECLARES MARTIAL
LAW AS NATIONALISTS NEAR PICKING

CONTINUED from Page One)
Government participated in the con-
ference.
Report Nationalist Victory
Reports from Wuhan state that
Nationalist troops have won a decisive
victory over Yang Sens army.
yang Sen is a lieutenant Of Chang
Tso-lin's) and occupied Yaoyakan.
Trade unions and other workers and
peasants organizations are protest
ing against the dispatch of British
and japanese troops to Shantung and
American marines to Tientsin, re-
ports from Wuhan state.
Labor Conference Scores Imperialism
The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Con-
gross has published an appeal to the
workers Of the world, declaring that
only an energetic protest can prevent
the dispatch of imperialist troops TO
China.
The opening Of the All-China Trade
Union Congress has been fixed for
July 10Th. LAST years congress rep
( resented more than a million organ
lied workers; it is expected that this
years congress will represent close
to three million organized workers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
Labor Legislation.

After having been dragged out for
two years, after prolonged discussions
the Legislative Assembly and the In
dia State Council finally confirmed
the claw on registration of trade
unions" on the End of February, 1926.
The new law legalizing the registra-
ton of trade unions (the law admits
the principle of Revolutionary" regis
tration) giving certain advantages
(for example, the right Of forming
special funds for political objects)
actually has set up a careful govern
ment control on registration of work
ers' organizations and in most dis
honest fashion limits their freedom.
"Details on this were published in our
publication international Labor
Movement No. 1919, 1920 But
even against such a narrow and linn
tied law-it came into force only in
April, l927-the employers organiza-
tions fought long and stpbbornly.
Besides the law on trade unions an
other lava is now being prepared
STIMULATING when wages have to be
paid and on fines. The law on arbi-
tration, despite the demands of work
ers' organizations, has not moved
ahead up to the present time.
Employers and II. L. Movement.
After the law on trade unions had
been finally adopted the employers
endeavored to Immediately fit in with
the new situation and to get as much
benefit from it as they possibly could.
The new law had not yet been adopt
ed, when in Madras n Union of Fac
tory Workers Of Buckingham and
Karnatic," made its appearance,
formed by the employers and totally
under their control and influence.
From the very first day Of it's exis-
tence this union commenced stub
born struggle with the existing Ma
dras Workers Union, and in spite of
the campaign carried on against this
employers union, the All-lndia Con-
gress and Bengal Trade Union FEEDER
alton continues to exist.
SitiiiaS CdSSS WSlb IepoTkeu ifOII
the Great Indian Railroad where the
management stubbornly and contln-
ually endeavored TO organize councils
of employees" TO be under its influ-
ence, to take tho place Of the existing
trade unions.
Labor Movement In the Local Gov.
ernments.
A wido strike movement among the
most backward and oppressed strata
Of tho, Indian proletariat character
ICED 1926, which movement was chief
ly taken up by the workers Of the
local governments. For all example
Of this, we draw tho attention Of the
reader 10 tho toxsilo strikes In the
provincial govornments Of Indor and
Maysor (see No. ~. International
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
lNationalist News AGENCY.

HANKOW, May z, (By MaiD--
Some small boys were drummer lads;
some were water carriers; and some
hist my hearties--some very, very
youthful spies
Every young lad in America, read
ing the history of the part taken in
the 1776 revolution by youths, halts
with shining eyes-with fast beat
ing heart, to think
81 could have done that.
"Gosh! Why don't we have another
revolution so that l."
And then the mad, wild dreams
the image Of leading great army,
bearing q streaming flag aloft.
In far-off China small boys need
not dream of taking part in revo-
luton.
They are-thousands Of them serv-
ing useful purpose in the present
struggle. China, like America in
1776, is striving to shake off the
shackles Of British domination and
Imperialism. And her small boys
are taking no small part in the fight.
Thirty thousand boys between the
ages of and IS are organized in
. Boys Corps in Nationalist China.
Clad in neat khaki, red handker-
chiefs twisted about their shoulders,
sturdy staffs in their hands-you
find these youths everywhere-on
Duty
can astonishing activity that is be-
ing carried on by these boys" one
official report states, els to persuade
all women to unbind their feet"
You see these small lads, early in
the morning, marching to factories
in crowds, carrying banners in
scribed-
eve want shorter working day
eight hours are enough"
Late at night you find them keep
ing order at revolutionary street
meetings.
Mass Meeting.
At great mass gathering re-
Gently, when 100000 people met in
celebration, and 10000 members of
Che Boys corps acted as guards, a
group of foreigners was inadvert-
emily caught in a rush for the gate.
ITO have stumbled in that great
mass of moving people would have
meant certain DEATH" an American
girl, a member of the party told
later.
"My shoes were trampled from my
feet-the crowd seemed to have lost
sense of direction and milled back
and forward in horrible confusion
yet, I was never too. frightened. Al
ways somewhere in the multitude,
could see the khaki uniform of a
Boys Corps member, trapped just
as but every valiantly waving his
stick aloft, calling out directions to
the crowd-attempting to subdue the
confusion. Eventually, the boys
were successful"
The Boys Corps movement may
be divided into three types; the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

sons unions in the various provinces
have adopted measures to organize
Boys Corps in the immediate future.
Although the organization in Hupeh
was formed only three months ago,
it has made surprisingly rapid pro-
gress. The following is the creed
of the Boys Corps, or rather the
rules which they must obey:
Boys must be obedient to their Of
ficers; they must protect the in
terests Of the laborers; they must be
friendly to one another; they must
not drink, smoke, gamble or entertain
any superstitious ideas; their slogans
are Down with Imperialism, militar-
ISM" and they must become masters
of the world.
The flag Of the boys is five and
half feet long and three feet and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
Free State in
Political Chaos
After Election

The heaviest gains in the elections
were made by the Irish Labor Party
which now has % seats as against Is
in the late Dali. Reports that the
Labor Party would enter into a coali-
ton with the Cosgrave government
were denied by deputy Morlissey of
Tipperary. His denial, however, would
indicate that the right wing of the
party intends to have an unofficial
understanding with Cosgrave and that
they will give the government condi-
tional support.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
ARTICLE II.
Activities of All-India Trade Union



Congress.
With the general increase of or
ganized workers in India, the last
year shows us a certain numerical
strengthening of the trade union cen
ter, the All-India Trade Union Con-
gress and its five provincial depart
ments. At the 9th Trade Union Con-
gress held in January, 1926, So unions
with a general membership of 1885,
600 were represented. CAT the 9Th
Congress, February, 1925, 81 unions
with 10000 members were represent
ed.) At the present moment the nu-
merical strength represented by the
congress is considerably greater than
the foregoing figure of $4,000 work
ers.
At the 9Th Congress held, as stated
earlier, in January, 1926, many reso-
buttons were taken, the most impor-
tant of which are as follows:
]. To find out whether the unions
desire the formation of an Indian
Labor Party.
II. To demand the introduction of
an S-hour day in India.
III. To demand that women be pro-
hibited from working. underground.
~. To insist that workers organ
izations have. the right Of electing
their representatives in the legislative
organs of the country.
At the present time there is sys-
tenn by which workers representa-
tives are appointed in the Indian
Legislative Assembly and in the pro-
vincial Legislative Councils.
"A few salient features distinguish
tks Congress. For instance President
Girl in his speech gave fairly ex-
hau tive account of the trade union
movement Of India as developed in
the different branches Of industry
which, can be considered novelty in
the history of these congresses. 1t
was at the 9th Congress and for the
first time that the question of the
necessity and Importance of organic
ing the agricultural workers of India
was raised. The number of agricul-
tural workers reaches 21,676,107.
In the current work of the congress
we notice that during the past year
a stubborn fight was put up by the
congress to have workers unions
recognized by government institutions
and private enterprises. Much work
was also done to put into effect and
to introduce in the government legis-
lative organs the scheme worked out
by the congress on labor govern
ment. 1t is necessary to point out
here that actually the congress plays
an insignificant role in the trade
union life Of India, although lately Il
is moving slowly ahead to widen ita
sphere Of influence.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
War Lord Alliance Fizzles

PEKING, June 15.-Reports of the
success of the negotiations between
Chang Tso-lin, Sun Chuan-fang and
Chang Tsung-chang eliminate the
possibility Of a combination Of war
lords including Chang Kei-shelz. rene
gade Nationalist.
Although Chang Kai-shek has de-
clared his willingness to ally himself
with Sun Chaun-fang from whom he
took Shanghai, he is unwilling to en-
ter combination including Sun
Chuan-fang, Shantungese war lord.
The failure of the Chang Kai-shek-
Chang Tso-lin negotiations makes the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

advance Of the Nationalist troops
even simpler than they had supposed.
The capture Of Picking by the Ma
tionalist troops is imminent, and there
is talk here among foreigners of re-
cruiting a band Of foreign brigands
and Adventures, most Of them White
Russians, to fight the Nationalist cap
ture Of the city. Reports from Ber-
lin state that General Wrangel is re-
cruiting an army Of white guards for
service in China.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
Open Labor Ministry

WUHAN (Hankow), June 2 de
layed).-The Agricultural Ministry
was solemnly opened a few days ago
By Tang Ping-chan.
In his address he placed the prob
lens Of the peasantry into three
categories.
In north China. he said, the prin-
cipal problem Of the peasantry is the
struggle against the militarists; in
Honan the chief problem is co-opera-
ton with the revolutionary army (the
capture Of virtually all Of Honan by
General Feng changes the problem
for the Honan peasantry); In Human
and Hupeh the chief problem is the
organization Of the peasantry.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
HIST PIONEERS! BOYS OF SIX ARE FIGHTING The CHINESE REVOLUTION Free State

three inches wide. Whenever they
meet one another, they must salute.
Wherever they go, they must take
their stats with them. Training of
the "Day shift" boys corps is CON
Quoted by the labor unions from 6 to
9 a. M; training of might shift"
from 6 to 9 in the evenings.
The first group of boys was
formed last September at Chiaokow,
Hankow. Thereafter all Of the dis
tricts followed the example. On
February 26, the Hupeh Provincial
Organization was established at the
headquarters of the Provincial La
Dor Union
The total number Of Boys Corps
members in Hupeh, it is estimated, is
about 100000 During the past three
months, they have been carrying on
drilling, singing, lecturing, studying
revolutionary knowledge, and other
boys activities as tailoring, cooking,
propagating laborers' and peasants
movements. An astonishing activity
that is being carried on by these
youths is to persuade all women to
unbind their feet. AS a result, foot
binding has been remarkably dimin-
ished in Wuhan recently.
To Eradicate.
In order to eradicate the oppres-
sion of imperialists and to further
the welfare of the working class, the
lads have pledged themselves to car
ry out the following program:
1. To strengthen the Boys organ
izations in Wuhan, to form red cross
corps, bands, and propaganda groups.
2. To establish an institute for
training leaders and workers for or
ganizing Boys Corps
8. To collect and compile materials
for the boys of the working class to
study.
A. To hold health propaganda
weeks.
5. To exterminate all feudal influ-
ences. superstition, and medieval
thought in China.
6. To teach the relationship be-
tween the workers and the labor
unions.
7. To demand factories to shorten
the hours Of work for boys.
Besides the Boys Corps organized
and directed by the labor unions,
there are boy scouts in various
schools in Wuhan. These bov scouts
will be organized by the Wuhan Stu
dents Union, The methods of reor-
ganizing these boy scouts, their creed
and principles, and works will be
the same as those of the Boys Corps
just organized among the workers
children and relations.
The following is a table showing
the number Of Boys Corps members
- CI,va.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

Frederick A. Lester, formerly mo-
ton picture actor, was arraigned in
Brooklyn yesterday on a charge Of
grand larceny. Detectives had ar
rested him after they broke into his
apartment and found seven suitcases
filled with women's clothes and silk
goods valued at $4,000
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16
CAL For War On Chang

SHANGHAI, June 2. (delayed) -
The Shanghai Trades Council which
was dissolved by Chang Kai-shek in
April issued an illegal manifesto on
May 30th, Commemoration Day for
the Shanghai massacre.
The manifesto appeals to the work
ing class to fight against Chang Kali
shek "the new militarist and traitor
to the working class"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

ed by its secretary, Tom Shaw, is Wis
iting India. Also member of British
Labor Party and member Of parlia-
ment, Lawrence is on a visit too. The
chief purpose of all these visits to
India is to study the political and in
dustrial position of the country, labor
conditions of the Indian workers,
trade union development in India and,
mainly, to set up connections with the
Indian labor movement and guide it
into reformist channels.
The British reformists are using
two methods to get control of the In
dian trade union movement: By draw
ing the Indian trade unions into the
Amsterdam International and by
forming an Indian labor party after
the model of the British Labor Par
ty". 1t is necessary to notice that
at the present time some results have
been achieved by them. By the end
of 1926 the All-India Railwaymen's
Federation, Bengal Sailors Union and
Union of Indian Sailors in Calcutta
joined the Amsterdam international.
Besides this National Labor Party
of India has been formed In Calcutta,
which actually is not a party of the
working class, but bourgeois-p hilan-
thropic society.
The successes Of reformism in India
are due in great measure to the In
dian "labor" leaders. The latter ener-
getically preach the idea Of close CO.
operation between labor and capital
and take all measures to curb revolu-
tionary activity which is rousing the
Indian proletariat to take part &C
tiV ely in political life. Of course it
reed not be said that the Indian work
ing masses took no part in carrying
the decision on entering the Amster-
dam International or to create the
so-called Labor" Party. Under the
directions of the British Labor Party
all this work" was carried out by
the leaders Of the Indian trade union
mo CEMENT, among whom are quite a
number Of direct agents Of the Anglo
Indian bourgeoisie and government.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-06-16

In general, tho struggle between
labor and capital Ia strengthening;
and the class-consciousne Of the In
dian proletariat Is growing. The most
backward ranks Of the working
masses are preparing 10 enter the
struggles and the number Of workers
organized Is increasing, while the gap
between petsy-bcurgeois roprosenta-
tives and tho workers Ia growing
wider and cutting thom off from the
masses. The Indian proletarlas Is
now gathering strength, ID now
gathering experience for future great
STRUGGLES And today the Indian
proletRrint ~ a serious fsctor IN shc
political life Of the country.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-06-27
Front Door Stick.ups

When robbers come to your front door, ring the
bell, and command you to "stick 'em up" it would
seem that we had about reached the limit in Grass
crook nerve. Just this thing happened in New
York the other day. Fortunately, the intended VIC
tim of the stick-up policeman who was able
to swing his right with disastrous effect and send
the sticker-up sprawling.
If this holdup is sign of the time telling US
which way the wind is blowing and what we are
coming to in modern society, we had best begin to
prepare for it, Housewives should tie six-shooters
to their apron strings mount machine guns the
first landing of the front and back stairs and pre-
pare to meet the relentless robber his own terms.
Nonsense to one side, however, it is high time
that we stopped sentimentalizing about the "un-
fortunate" who are criminals because they have
diseased minds" Criminals are criminals because
they are too lazy to work hard for an honest liv-
Ing. No one needs to feel sorry for them under
any circumstances, for they get off entirely too
easily in nine cases out of ten. Justice seems to
be in need of harder boiling. and the harder boiled
it is. and the faster it works. the better it will be
for all concerned.