davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-02-27

trains, which bore a large contingent
of Baltimoreans who took advantage
of the occasion to visit the Capital.
x X X X
! THE following day the Intelligencer
described the event in pretty fair
detail--something like a quarter OF a
column. Under the caption, open
| ing of the Railroad" it had the fol-
| lowing to say:
Yesterday was a great day on the
new railroad between Baltimore and
Washington, it being the first day Of
it's being opened for travel all the
way from the depot at Baltimore to
the foot of Capitol Hill in this city.
1T was a glorious sight to see
four trains of cars. with each its en-
gins, extending altogether several
hundred yards in length, making their
entry by this new route, to the de-
light of thousands Of spectators on
the elevated ground directly north Of
the Capitol.
These cars, besides bringing back
our own mayor and members OF the
corporation, and other guests who
went out to meet them, brought as
many ladies and gentlemen OF Balti-
more as made up the whole number
of about thousand persons as car
ried by the cars These, accompanied
by two bands of music, after debark-
ing, marched in procession to Browns
and Gadsby's hotels. at both of which
sumptuous and bountiful entertain
ment was provided and literally par
taken of.
THE cars arrived at little over
l o'clock, and at 4 our friends from
Baltimore re-embarked and returned
Evening star., 1927-02-27
Points Downward

COME time ago there was brought
~ out q novel form of astronomical
telescope. designed to render amateur
astronomy attractive to those who are
not willing to face the hardships Incl
dent to observation with the ordinary
instrument.
With this form of telescope the OBJ
server sits in q comfortable room and
looks downward to observe any object,
even though it be directly over his
head. The circles and hand wheels for
pointing the instrument are all con-
centric with the tube and located near
the eye, SO that the observer need
never move from his seat to survey
the whole sky.
A mirror. pivoted, is placed in front
of the object glass. A steel piano wire
runs around a wheel on the axis of
this mirror and around drum on the
hand wheel at the eye end. BY rotat-
ing this mirror different declinations
are reflected In the telescope. BY ro-
Evening star., 1927-02-27
Costumes of SeaWeed.

IT may be that the time IS not far
distant when tailors will offer
for sale suits OF seaweed, which is
already put to various uses. The man
of Labrador uses it for fertilizing.
for a form of food in times Of famine,
and even for Summer clothing. The
seaweed. which Is now being con
sidered for the manufacture of cloth.
however, is Of q different kind and
comes from Australia. 1t has rather
different fbers from common sea-
weed. 1t is taken from the bottom
of the sea and has doubtless been
subjected for possible ages to certain
chemical action in submerged dUpths,
being in some sort the refuse Of geo
logical forests sunk below the sea be-
fore the solid land OF continents was
formed
This material has been used expert
mentally In English factories a. a
substitute for manufactured cloth.
and although the goods do not show
IT, yet as especially ''fine." It is hspsd
that some way may be found 10 sub
ject the material to bleaching and
refining. Nothing Is yet known of its
chemical possibilities, except that Ii
takes certain colors in dye II Il ex-
pected that, under any circumstances.
1t will make an economical innoya.
ton In the dry goods line.
Evening star., 1927-02-27

THE light of the stars has been
measured and the following re.
suits have been obtained: The light
that we receive from stars of the
nrst magnitude like Vega is equal
approximately TO a forty y-thousandth-
millionth part of that of the sun. 1t
is calculated that the total light re-
ceived from the lesser stars is equal
IN that of 3 700 stars of the first mag
nttude, or a sixth part OF that which
fs sent to us from the moon.
Now light exercises mechanical
nressure which can be measured in
the laboratory. 1t has been shown
bv experiments with artificial light
that in it's production enormous guam
titles Of energy are dissipated. In an
ordinary wax candle the total energy
which is transformed into light is
,aaIiy but per cent. Gas and kero-
sene lamps are not more economical.
ON the other hand. the glowworn
t,ansforns into light tby means yet
unknown) 80 per cent OF the total
energy expanded. -
Evening star., 1927-02-27
first u S. Railroad Century Ago. Sought Entrance to

| but were forced to work with guns
| nearby to defend themselves from hos
tile Indians who resented the In
trusion into their domain.
| Step by step the octopus grew--to
every point of the compass it was ex
| tending. Vanderbilt, Hill, Hartman
| Huntington and the other empire
builders were coming into their own
and a far-hung dominion was being
welded into a closely knit America.
| The early 70s saw the attention of
the railroad industry again focused on
| Washington. Abuses had raised their
! head. There we're fights over rebates.
wild financing, rates and the long and
! short Issue, which still at this
late date. manages to make itself felt.
| shippers and farmers, particularly the
| latter. were the chief complainants.
and out of this grew the Granger
/ movement" headed by Oliver Hudson
! Kelly. an agriculture agent for the
Government, at whose grave. in Rock
! Creek Cemetery, the National Grange
not so long ago dedicated monument.
The Patrons OF Husbandry, as Kelly's
organization was known, was designed
to better the condition Of the farmers.
There was an effort in financial circles
to laugh It off, but it wouldn't be
downed, thriving on opposition and
| spreading over the country, and It
was the Grangers' bitter fight for
regulatory legislation that, in the last
analysis was responsible for the In
terstate Commerce Commission, which
now has jurisdiction over the rail
| roads.
| But the railroads survived their
| troubles. and the ingenuity OF man
was constantly at work turning tho
rude handiwork of the early builde6h
into finished product.
I The ra,nshackle coach Of another
| day became q stately Pullman; Sam
uel Morse's invention made running
| schedules as accurate as the click OF
n telegraph key, instead Of go-as-you-
please affairs; Westinghouse air
| brake sounded the knell Of the unre-
| liable Wheel-and-chain. which were no
| less a menace to passengers and
trainmen alike than the crude link
and-pin couplers, which gave way to
automatic devices for making up
trains; palatial diners with excellent
cuisine supplanted the ''wayside
| cribs" where food of a fashion had
/ been served finely tempered steel rails
and smooth roadbed. Duilt on a stand
ard guage. came into use: the Tom
| Thumb grew into a Mammoth.
AS the Nation 1t had helped create
advanced. so did the railroads. match
| ing stride for stride. The crude
wooden track leading to the mouth
Of an English colliery has become
100000 miles Of steel. where traffic
moves at a mile a minute. The
heights of mountains have been scaled
and the depths tunneled. and where
ferry boats struggled to transport
trains, mighty bridges have gone up.
due to unparalleled engineering feats.
And all this in the hundred years that
Vox Populi-or Old Subscriber
thought should be allowed to see if
perhaps a railroad might work"
| And when the author Of the article
| in the Intelligencer, who agreed with
! him, looks down from Elys.an Fields
and sees the handiwork of those w'o
have come after him. he must con
clude that his comparison OF "bridc.
| Ing the Atlantic" was q bit far
| fetched
Evening star., 1927-02-27
one Of The first freight cars. in 1882

to their homes, without, we trust,
any accident or inconvenience other
than was occasioned by the dust on
the street"
And then the writer. who appar-
emily knocked off and called it day
before the celebration had reached its
finale, had a happy thought, append
ing to his story, in brackets, the fol-
lowing:
I'VE shall expect from some one of
our citizens who formed the cortege,
for another day, a more particular
account of this expedition"
And while all this was transpiring
In this section the railroad idea was
gaining foothold further to the east.
The year 1881 saw the little 17-mile
Mohawk and Hudson, the forerunner
Of the mighty Vanderbilt systematic
New York Central-start operating
between Albany and Schenectady.
Five years later the Erie came into
being and, decade afterward, the
Pennsylvania was launched on it's
way in the keystone State. the tenta-
cles Of all reaching toward the virgin
West. where men still followed the
overland trails as they pointed toward
the Pacific The Mohawk and Hudson
had an interesting history, being one
Of the little mushrooms that had
sprung up early, with cars operated
on inclined planes. by means Of sta
tionary engines at terminal points.
And now the railroad was In the
|ascendancy, but the canal was dying
hard, and loud and acrimonious were
the arguments between proponents OF
each.
Pitch, coal and wood, used as fuel
for locomotives, threw off sparks and
smoke that didn't add particularly to
the pleasure Of passengers travelling
In the openwork coaches-often con-
verted stage coachss--when their only
protection was umbrellas, which came
to be regular travelling paraphernalia.
Farmers complained that their crops
were ruined and cattle scared, and
then friends of the canals were wont
to point proudly to the old reliable
boats and the comforts and cleanliness
they afforded. The railroads were
kept busy3 dodging complaints. when
they coulN dodge them. but they were
getting talp business.
Evening star., 1927-02-27

Financial stringencies and the
Civil War halted progress con-
siderably. The vision of new Col
conda had inspired many ill-conceived
projects. sponsored by individuals and
States. which rose and fell, but the
onward march would not be denied.
Prior to the war almost all of the
railroads lay east of the Mississippi,
but the end of the internecine struggle
witnessed the resumption of the on
ward sweep OF rail and steam, and on
May 10, 1869. the Atlantic and Pacific
were linked by the junction of the
Central Pacific and Union Pacific five
miles west of Ogden, Utah, spikes Of
gold and silver being driven into the
joining tracks amid universal re-
joicing.
The completion of this first trans
continental line, aided, as were some
other rail ventures, by Government
subsidy, marked an epochal achieve
ment, made possible by valiantS who
not only overcame almost insurmount-
able obstacles thrown up by nature.
Evening star., 1927-02-27

nately by horses, mules, dogs, and
even sails.
One piece of motive power was the
Flying Dutchman." car-inclosed
treadmill, which was operated either
by horse or mule power.
The rails were of iron, evolved from
the iron and wood put into initial use
in English collieries, and when one
of the passenger equipages, carrying
20 or 80 people. reached speed of 10
miles an hour en- route to Ellicott City
there was loud rejoicing, and the
friends of the canal had something to
think about.
Twenty-six years after the first
locomotive in the world had been built
by Richard Trevithick in South Wales,
and four months after the first loco
motive-an English importation-had
made it's appearance in the United
States, Peter Cooper, in 1929, COM
pleted the Tom Thumb, the first
American locomotive. In August, 1880
the Tom Thumb had its tryour be-
tween Baltimore and Ellicott City, and
pushing a car containing Is persons,
reached a speed ranging from 5 to IS
Evening star., 1927-02-27
Rays of Light

1t is known that light influences
very largely the aroma of flowers.
A garden is more fragrant when it
is shaded than when the sun Is allowed
to shine in full blaze upon it. This, at
any rate. is the conclusion of one au
thority who has made a vast number
of experiments. That which affects the
fragrance Of flowers is not the oxygen
of the atmosphere, as has been COM
monty supposed. but the light. Ac-
cording to the same authority the i'm
tensity of the perfume exhaled by
a flower depends upon the pressure
of water In the cells of the plant,
which tends to throw out the essen
tial oils that produce the odor, and
the action of the solar light dimin-
ishes the pressure Of the water in
these cells. The irrigation of the
plant augments the pressure and
likewise the production of perfume.
During the night the air is charged
with aroma merely because the solar
light does not exercise an fnhibtting
influence on the emanations.
Evening star., 1927-02-27

tating the whole telescope, Including
the mirror frame. any angle may be
brought into the field. There Is a.
small region around the pole that is
not visible with this form OF telescope,
but 1t contains few objects Of interest
AT Harvard University a telescope
was devised by Prof. Gerrish some
years ago. The instrument, construct
ed on this principle. has, 1t Is said
thoroughly demonstrated it's useful
ness. The mirror being silyered on
the front surface very little light ts
lost by reflection. So little, In fact. is
the loss OF light that without some
means OF measurement no one could
detect the loss. Except in cases where
the observer wants to go to the very
limit or the power Of his glass In sepa-
rating double stars, the results oh.
tained with this instrument are said to
oe IN every way as satisfactory rs
when the telescope is pointed directly
at the sky,
Evening star., 1927-02-27
BY JOSEPH A. FOX.

O.LD sUBSCRIBER--or perhaps
it was Vox Populi-was all
upset: irked, disguised.
Here the country was with
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
Legal Notices

Citation for Hearing on Petition to
Sell, Mortgage or Lease Land
Guardianship of Paul Ray Barger,
James Lloyd Barger and Bingham
Barger, Minors.
State of Minnesota, County Of
StearnS-ss.
IN PROBATE COURT
In the Matter of the Guardianship
of Paul Ray Barger. James Lloyd
Barger and Bingham @Barger, Mi
nors.
The State of Minnesota, to all
persons interested in the sale Of
certain lands belonging to said Mi
nors. The petition of George Fish
as representative Of the above nam
ed Minors. being duly filed in this
court representing that it is neces-
sary and for the best interest of
said estate and of all interested
therein that certain lands Of said
Minors described therein be sold and
praying that license be to him
granted to sell the same.
Now. Therefore. You and each Of
you, are hereby cited and required
to show cause. If any you have, be-
fore this court, at the Probate
Court Rooms. in the Court House in
the City of st. Cloud, County Of
Stearns. State Of Minnesota. on the
28th day Of October, 1927, at nine
o'clock A. NJ, why the prayer of
said petition should not be granted.
Witness. The Judge of said court,
and the seal of said court, this Goth
day of September, 1927.
Court SeaD J. B. Himsl,
Judge Of Probate Court.
Published Oct. 6-13-20, 1927.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20

leo City, Pueblo, Tampico, Sar
Luis Potosi, Victoria, Saltillo
Monterey, and Nuevo Laredo.
The new service will bring Mex.
ico's Capital City, her principal
Eeat, Tampico, and. the capitals OF
some of her richest and most pro
gressive States within range OF
American Telephone communities
ton.
The Bell System has made ar
rangements to connect at Laredo
Texas, with the newly completed
lines of the Mexican Telephone and
Telegraph Company, a subsidiary
of the International Telephone &
Telegraph Company. AT this
point the line will crcis the Rio
Grande which there forms the in
ternational boundary. From MI
eve Laredo, on the Mexican side oil
the Rio Grande, the long distance
line runs through some arid
ground regions and through noun
famous districts, ranches and farm
ing country, southwark to Mexico
City and Pueblo It runs through
Monterey, Saltillo, San Luis Pot
osi and Quertero, affording tele-
phone communications to those
points. A branch line extends
from San Luis Potosi to Tampico
the important oil part on the semi
tropical east coast of Mexico. An
other line runs from Tampico to
Victoria.
The Mexican long distance lines
have practically all been built with
in the last year or two and are of
thoroughly modern construction.
Telephone repeatend have been
installed at intervening points to
strengthen the voice carrying cur
rents as they become weak from
travelling long distances and the
lines have been constructed with a
view to provide such additional
lines as the growth of the traffic
may REQUIRE.
The Bell System already con-
meets with the telephone tystems of
Canada, Cuba end by radio tele-
phone with Great Britain.
The new service adds Mexico to
the line of countries which are
within speaking distance Of Amer
lean telephone users.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
Agricultural Notes
Foe of Good Butter
Will Be Investigated


Will Be Investigated
French weed, said to be tough
est member of the mustard family,
is under the dairymen's ban for
the reason that it gives a garlic
like flavor to milk, cream, and fin
ished butter when. dairy cows are
kept on pastures where the weed
f1ourishes Or are fed contaminated
mill feeds. Only recently a ship
ment of tainted butter originating
in Todd county had to take a dis
count of $2.75 a tub of go pounds
when sold on an eastern market.
Dairy division men Of the Uni
versity of Minnesota will conduct
an experiment to convict the weed
scientifically and to determine just
how much of it can be fed in hay
to the COW without tainting her
product. They will study the mat
ter of pasture regulations that will
eliminate the danger of contami-
nation to the minimum. Finally
they will try to determine what
treatment, if any, can be given the
milk to remove the Objectionable
flavor.
According to botanists, French
weed, or pennycress, is an annual
like wheat, of winter or spring.
The severest cold does it no harm,
and chemical sprays that make
other members of the mustard
family curl up and die do not
faze it. 1t cannot be crowded out
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
Sank Centre Folks Can
Converse With Mexico
Bell Telephone Company Have OPP.
ened Up New Field for Long
Distance Business

Long distance telephone SER
vice between Sank Centre, Mimi,
and several important cities in
Mexico will be opened for the
first time Friday morning, Septem-
Der 80, at o'clock.
It is at pralent understood that
the service in general will be the
same as in the United States ex-
cept that reverse charges will not
apply and there will be no reduced
evening and night rates.
This announcement was made
today by r.. Schwalen, manager of
the Northwestern Bell Telephone
Company. Messages from here to
Mexico City will be- carried over
the linea of the Northwestern Bell
Telephone Company and those of
the American Telephone and Tele-
graph Company to the Mexican
border. When this service is es-
tablished it will then be possible to
talk from any Bell System tele-
phone in the United States to Mex
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
District Il

Teacher 80. Verdella Harder
Reporter 49,. Mildred Bosshardt
Editor -. Viola Farrow
The higher grades have begun
their fair industrial work with
sewing and manual training.
We have new curtains up in the
school room.
The Curtiss children are leaving
our school this week.
For opening exercises Miss
Harder is reading us a book NAM
ed "Anne of Avonlea.
Violet Thornbloom called at
school Thursday afternoon.
Clarence Harder, Florence PEN
rose, Dorothy and Laura Mae Mar
tin, visited our school Friday, Oct.
z.
The 9th grade history have fin
ished studying the Colonies and
have started on the French and
Indian wars.
There will be only two days of
school this week on account of
teachers Institute at Long Prairie.
Although we have the large en-
rollment of Al pupils there were
only two that had perfect attend
ence the first month, Lucille Boss
hardt and Donald Harder.
Why did all the girls in the
sewing class Friday begin to wear
thimbles? Miss Harder is giving a
prize.
The five Bosshardt children were
absent Monday on account of not
returning from a trip to southern
Minnesota.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
With Our Public Schools

are taught by Ada Sorenson and
Violet Kiken last Wednesday morn
ing.
Evidently we have had some his
torical visitors in the Normal De-
partment. Namely they are:
Hesikye Incubate.
Hepzibah Nebukadnezzar.
Ichabode Crane.
Sal Salmon.
Monday a very instructive and
interesting lecture on Community
Development" was given by Rev
erend Eugene Clark Ford, a rural
community worker.
Tuesday morning we visited
Ruth Reese Huber's school and
Tuesday afternoon Eleanor Good
pastors. Wednesday morning we
visited Dorothy Stienes' school
and Wednesday afternoon Lois
Whites. -
The Reading Circle met last Sat-
uriay afternoon. The book to be
discussed this fall is Character
Building in Schools ="
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
District No. 26

Dorothy Steines ...:.. Teacher
Lawrence Gritzmacher >. Editor
Raymond Ebensteiner 80. Asst.
Mrs. Stadtherr was an. after
school visitor Monday afternoon.
Friday afternoon the Sunny Hill
Club held its meeting. The usual
business was transacted and the
following program was given.
Paul Minette was to have
given it but as he was absent Eliz-
abeth Ley took charge. ~.s.
It's Up to You ............
........ Lawrence Determan
Golden Keys ............ :.
...... Lawrence Gritzmacher
Little Black Boy ....
......'.. Song by the Girls
Peter Woodland .......... q.
Story by Margaret Determann
When You Go Out to Tea -.
Alma Lindeman
Darling Nelly Gray ......
.......... Song by the Boys
Corletta Ley described the game
to be played. 1t was "Have You
Seen My Sheep" AS the weather
was so warm it was played outside.
Leo. Determan will present the
program next week and Lawrence
Determan will, select a game to
play.
Miss Steines was a supper and
evening guest at the Gritzmacher
home Thursday.
Theresa Lindeman and Raymonf
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1927-10-20
Public School
Department

The first Lyceum number put
on by the De Jen Opera Company
was an overwhelming success. The
handkerchief spirit" and the fete
with the metal ball were the talk
of the town the next day. If we
may measure the coming numbers
by this one, there is no doubt that
there will be a full house each
time.
The Junior Class Play entitled
"Dulcy" has been casted and re-
hearsals have already commenced.
Tuesday evening the Girl Scouts
had an initiation party. From six
until eight o'clock the newly en-
listed scouts tasted scout tactics.
If perchance, you should wander
through the halls of the first floor
of the Junior High, you would
sense a spooky atmosphere. Jack
olanterns and witches stare at
you from the windows and all the
little hooks and crannies. AS Hal
lowe'en comes nearer this bewitch-
ing air becomes more and more
denSe-'Ihe Goblin Ill GIT you Ell
you don't watch Quit"
The Sophomores have organized
this week and have chosen Mr..
McTaggart as their Glass Advisor.
They elected the following Off
GERS:
President-Marie Brown.
Vice Pres.-Norbert Frank
Secretary-Vera Sparks.
Treasurer-Hazel Mortenson.
Normal Department
Tuesday the Normal girls COM
bined their fourth grade groups in
teaching arithmetic. Two groups
were taught together. Wednesday
completed their two weeks teach
ing of fourth grade arithmetic.
i. Thursday was our first day of
visiting rural schools We visited
the Ashley Banner school taught
by "Ivy" Hildebrand. The great
est sport of the day was eating
half-baked potatoes.
Miss Davis visited schools which