davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
ASSOCIATION WILL
STUDY EGG MARKET
(FrOm Montana State COllege)

HNWENTY thousand birds have been
signed up preliminary to the or
Il gantzation Of a cooperative egg
marketing association for western
Montana. AS soon as the output of 30,-
900 hens is assured the organization will
be incorporated under state laws and
marketing headquarters established at
A1issoula, according to an announcement
by Miss H. E. Cushman, extension poul-
try specialist at Montana State college.
The decision to undertake cooperative
egg marketing in this part Of the state
was made at the western Montana agri-
cultural economic conference held at
Adissoula last winter. The success at
tanned in getting farmers and poultrymen
to contract their eggs and sell through
the association indicates that the asso-
citation will be ready for operation in the
near future. Contracts are on a years
basis, starting January /, 1923.
A similar effort is under way in CEN
trail Montana to provide system Of CO.
operative egg marketing for poultry
growers Of Cascade and neighboring
counties. This effort received the en-
dorsement Of the agricultural economic
conference held at Great Falls last win
ter. Clark Baumgarner of Fife is one
Of the leaders in the central Montana or
ganization.
The egg marketing organizations pro-
pose to grade, and pack eggs to insure
quality products to consumers. Licensed
graders will be secured, all eggs will be
candled, packed in standard containers
and sold under trade mark Only eggs
meeting y. s. No. j grade requirements
will be sold.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
THE ranch egg is common enough anc
cheap enough on the market today

"HE ranch egg is common enough and
cheap enough on the market today
- to suit almost anybody, says Alice
B. Pierce in the Denver Post. But
because it is cheap is no sign that it
isn't the best egg that is being produced
today. 1t is the way we handle the eggs
that makes it more or less of a gambling
proposition to buy ranch eggs.
The farmer who is conscientious and
picks up his eggs every day and carries
clean, fresh eggs to the country store is
followed by farmers who never have time
to pick up their eggs unless they are
going to town on some other errand than
to market eggs, and the poor eggs set
the price for the good eggs. Then the
merchant has no equipment for the
handling of eggs, and the case is showed
back out of the way until enough eggs
are assembled to make a shipment, in
all making the system of handling ranch
eggs disastrous to both the producers
and the consumers, and ranch eggs are
bringing on the market no more than
they deserve. The country merchant
himself declares there is no money in
the handling Of eggs, that he handles
them only for the accommodation Of his
customers. And the farmers declare that
there is little if any profit today in ranch
eggs.
Ranch Egg is the Healthiest
Can one think Of a lower lever for a
4dIn4 pIOOOCI dS QSSIdD16 dS 6BBS
reach? And the ranch egg is a good egg
In the light of reason, it is the best egg
that can be produced to day. In this
day Of Vitamin appreciation it is not the
egg itself that makes for health and
strength so much as the ranch hen, busy
ing herself all day balancing her ration
in the sunshine, roaming over wide, clear
fields, is packing her eggs with rich vita
Minis; in comparison the commercial her
scratches in scratching litter often under
cover more for exercise than for the pre-.
cious vitamin. Indeed, if one farm prod.
uct needs real merchandising more thar
another today that product is ranch eggs
When the ranch egg is graded and put OF
the market right, then and only ther
will the ranch egg come into it's own
For several years we have had, in spe
ctali5ed producing territory over tht
United States sufficient egg marketin,
associations, but these associations hav
nearly all been established in highly spe
cialized reproducing territory the mos
widely advertised in the world perhap
being located at Petaluma, Calf. Thes
associations owned and controlled by spe
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
TREASURE STATE FARM AND LIVESTOCK
Farm Must Develop System to Make Strictly
Fresh Eggs Which VIII Assure Paying Prices

cialists, are not for general farmers hand
ling poultry as a sideline to farming
Now the farm cannot afford to give lip
its flock Of hens. Every farm needs from
100 hens to 800 or 400 hens to pick rp
the waste about the farm. And as the
market increasingly demands that prod
ucts shall be carefully graded and culled
there will ever be an increasing waste
about the farm that must be turned into
a frst-class product by chickens. A mod
ern threshtng machine will today clean
the grain at the threSher and leave the
weed seed and the tailings of grain on the
farm, screenings that the elevators have
been in the habit of advertising as bet
ter than the good grain itself as a
chicken feed. Indeed, our farms cannot
do without hens, for eggs can be pro-
duced cheaper and better on the farm
than anywhere else.
Canada Makes Hen Paying Proposition
Ten years ago the farmers of Canada
looked upon the ranch hen in much the
same way as we do in most farming com
munitieS, as the hen was a losing propo-
sit1on until her farmers awakened to a
greater appreciation Of the ranch egg and
each Of the three prairie provinces formed
poultry associations for the marketing Of
the ranch egg. Now each of the prairie
provinces Of Canada have thriving poul-
try associations owned by the farmers
ana their wives, and eggs and poultry
DIODO-
sition.
] In Manitoba the associations method
! for securing a volume of eggs which
might be copied by us in forming a farm.
ers' association is they took the county
merchants into the association and the
small producer can bring his eggs tC
town as usual. The merchant does mo-
candle or select any Of the eggs, he sim.
ply assemblies them and ships them IL
the Gambling station. He charges ont
cent a dozen which comes out of tn,
final payment Of the pool.
The merchant is authorized also tt
ship eggs from nonmembers so tina
through the producers contract and tn
merchants contract almost every egg il
the district is shipped to the Manitob
lCo-Operative Marketing association. Il
Canada paid official devotes his who'll
time to poultry work, teaching bette
methods for the raising of poultry an,
better methods for the production o
eggs. 1t is estimated by the Canadial
pool that it makes about 40 per cen
above the price the eggs brought whel
} they were marketed in the old slipsho
manner.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
ANNUALCROP TOUR
TO BE HELD IN JULY
(FrOm Montana State College


HD ETTER Crops Days" will be held
- ter wheat growing centers of the
state July 1927, according to an
announcement by A. j. Ogaard, extension
agronomist at Montana State college.
Crop tours, demonstrations and meetings
to help farmers avoid losses from disease,
improve quality and increase per acre
yields, will feature each Of the meetings.
The complete schedule Of meetings is
as follows: Denton, July 3; LewistOWn,
July g.; Moccasin, July IL; Stanford, July
II; Fife, July 13; Power, July IA; High
wood, July Is; Geraldine, July 10;
Hedgesville, July 18; Broadview, July 1e;
Billings, July 20; Hardin, July 81; Rap
ellie, July %; Columbus, July %; Boze-
man, July 25; Townsend, July 26; Hell
ena, July 81.
As planned the forenoon Of the "Bet-
ter Crop Days will be devoted to visits
to nearby farms where approved tillage
practices are used or where pure seed is
grown in cooperation with the Montana
Seed Growers association. Afternoons
will be devoted to demonstrations and
short talks by Mr.. Ogaard or by Fred
Bennion, county agent leader for the
smut, soil infection, methods Of treat
ment for smut, requirements Of mixing
machines, demonstrations of machines
and materials, will be considered and
discussed at the afternoon sessions.
The daily schedule is as follows: Morn
ing crop tours start at nine o'clock and
continue until noon; free lunch at town
or city where meetings are scheduled;
afternoon meetings start at l:30 with
practical discussion of tillage, seed, smut
treatment, ETC.; the afternoon from 2:3C
on will be devoted to smut treating
demonstrations with various types OF
mixing machines and different materials
used.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
LEST WEFORGET
(Continued from Feature Paeel

Continued from Feature Page)
wounded and afterwards died. Some SOL
dlers gof away; those were from the other
slde-the ones who ran down the ravifle
They crossed the river, came back again
and were killed.
AT first, we. had Ogalallas Minnecon-
louS, BruleS, Uncpapas (all Sioux and
Cheyennes and some Arapahoes; but
most OF our fighting was done by the
Oncpapas and what you call Northern
Chief Gall, at this point in his nara
1--WE, paused for a moment, and then re-
Stunning his description Of the historic bat
Tie, asserted with great gravity that the
GreaI spirit was present. The Great
Spirit, he said, was riding over the field,
mounted on coal black pony and urg-
ing the warriors to greater bravery.
referring TO Calls account of the bat
tie, as taken from his (Partello's) diary)
the Colonel made references to some in
Ierestlng questions that he asked Chief
Gall:
killed?"
The old chief made the sign of the
whlCe mans dinner time and pointed
overhead (meaning noon).
rows?" ''-'0 -
Both. We soon shot all our bullets
and then shot arrows and used our wal
clubs"
munition?"
mo. They shot away all-they had from
the big guns and the little guns The
horses ran away with the saddle bag!
where there was heap more; but they
fought with their little guns"
Who got the horses?"
THE Cheyenne women. A lot Of the
horses got into the river and the,
jumped in and caught them"
Did the bucks fight standing up?"
No. The soldiers did; but our brave
fired from behind their ponies. A lot o
bucks fell over and died"
When the soldiers had no more cart
ridges what did your people do?"
They ran up to the soldiers anC
killed them with their war clubs AM
hatchets"
How many Indians were killed."
"'Forty-three in all. A great man
crossed the river and died in the rushes
They died every day. Nearly as man
! died each day as were killed in the fight
We buried them in trees and on scaffold
along Lodge Pole creek toward the Whit
Rain mountains" (The Big Horns.)
Did the other soldiers under the Bi
Chief get near the riVer?"
: mo"
r Then how came the dead bodies c
! the soldiers on the river bank where "
think the White Chief attempted t
! CROSSE"
t They were soldiers who ran down an
I other coulee, crossed the river lowe
] down, were chased upstream again tt
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
About Farn1i1q-
(FrOm Montana State College)


~ EMONSTRATIONS on the use of
calcium cyanide for killing ground
- squirrels were conducted on eight
farms in Lewis and Clark county
last month. The demonstrations proved
the effectiveness of the material in rod
ent control work and farmers are con-
vinced that gas can be used successfully
to supplement poison bait in rodent
eradication campaigns.
Arrangements have been completed for
holding two district Farmers DAVIS in
Chouteau county this month. One will
be held at Big Sandy, June IT, and the
other at Fort Benton, June 18. Efforts
will be made at these meetings to or
gan1ze livestock shipping associations to
provide means for the direct shipment
OF feeder cattle to Corn Belt feeders.
Frank Leiss of Trail Creek, j. M. Sny-
der of Sweeney Creek, Anton Nelson of
Hathaway, Dave Thomas of Forsyth Flat
and Adam Geiss of Rosebud are the Rose
bud county farmers who are cooperating
with the Montana extension service in
the production of pure seed this year.
These growers have planted Karmont and
Marquis wheat and Victory oats. The
seed fields total more than 100 acres.
Corn variety tests being conducted in
Prairie county this year include the fol-
lowing varieties, Brown County Dent
Lenroc Yellow Dent, Wisconsin 25, Pio-
neer White Dent, Silver King, Falconer
and Gehu. The varieties will be tested
in four different sections of the county
The Bitter Root Cow Testing associa-
tion has started its third year of testing
The association starts its third year with
a membership Of % and before the end
OF June 1t is expected that several more
members will be added.
Twenty-eight boys of Custer county
have enrolled in the junior corn grow
ing contest sponsored by the Miles City
Kiwanis club Awards of livestock an6
poultry will be given the winners. The
contest is based on yield, freedom from
weeds, quality Of corn and record books
Pioneer White Dent and Northwestern
Dent are the leading varieties beine
grown by the contestants.
Branch Offices of the bureau of agri
] cultural economics of the United States
department of agriculture will be opened
at San Francisco for the southern coas
region, July l, and another branch will
be opened for the northern region at
later date.
The general level of farm prices wa
: 126 for the month of May, one poin
higher than in April Increases in grain
: were largely responsible for the gair
= hogs, dairy ana poultry products Shove,
: declines which partly Offset the increase
!. !. made in other lines.
: Z Edmund Burke, soil chemist for tn
: Montana experiment station, was in Mis-
: : soula county last month taking soil sam
pies and studying local soil condition.
!, Tests to determine the effect of apply
, ing ammonium sulfate and gypsum t
!, certain types of soil in the county vii
!: be made this summer.
The spring wheat acreage in Hill coun
ty is estimated 25 per cent below tn
acreage Of last year. A total Of approx
mately 1900 acres has been planted t
! this crop this year.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

on record, 5.58' inches were recorded. The
year previous the month had 4.39 inches
Of rain and the year after 2.16 inches.
The next highest recorded May rainfall
for Miles City occurred in 1922 when
ATS inches fell. Both the year before
and the year after showed May rain
fall that was below normal.
Nor do the records show any indication
that temperature is changing. Neither
is there suggestion that this season is
to be unusually hot or unusually cold.
Average May temperature at Havre has
low Of 46 in 1899. In 1916 the aver
age for the month was 40. the same as
this year. Since 1916 and up to this
year the average temperature for May
has varied only seven degrees. Last year
the average was three degrees below the
average was three degrees above the low
est ever recorded.
Does May rainfall give any indication
Of the size Of the wheat crop? Some
times high yields have followed a dry
May and sometimes low yields have fol-
lowed wet May. In 1898 the per acre
yield OF wheat Tor the state was eSti-
mated at 29.5 bushels, the highest figure
on record for the state. During the
month Of May that year the precipita-
ton at Havre totaled 1.87 inches. II
1891 there were 3.91 inches of rain il
May ana Cne average WneaJ y1eld ina
year was 20 bushels per acre. The fig
ures on yields quoted appear unusually
| high but this probably is due to the fac
that more of the crop was grown in irri
gated valleys in the early days. Sinct
1915, per acre yields of spring wheat hav,
averaged from 23 bushels to 1862 bushels
In 1919, when the low average occurred
May had 1.25 inches of rain; in 1924
the year of the 16.2 bushel average, Ma,
I had .7S inches of rain.
Experiment station observers sugges
that if there is a cycle in weather it ha
yet to be discovered. Records of pas
years show that it is still too early to de
termine how much grain will be put il
I the bin next fall.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

The marker which points out the spot where
Captain Tom Custer fell.
ward the village, driven back into the
river and killed or our side" Chief Calls
answer to this last question was made
without moments hesitation, said Col
onel Partello
Did the soldiers fight on horseback or
on foot?"
They fought on foot. One man held
eight horses while the others shot the
guns We tried to kill the soldiers who
held the horses and then the Squaws by
waving the red blankets and shouting
scared the horses down the coulee where
the Cheyenne squaws and the old men
and boys caught them"
Who had charge of all the red men?"
Il was in charge of them. Our big
Medicine Man (Sitting Bull) was making
good medicine"
Did he fight at all?"
mo. He made good medicine for us"
! Where was hep"
Back in his tepee on the other side
of the river"
Did the old men and boys fight alsoP"
Yes; and the quaws had war clubs,
with stones in them, and hatchets and
knives. The squaws cut of the boot legs
and threw the foot part away
Were there any half-breeds or white
squaw men in your campo"
NO We had only Indian braves"
did you see Curley that day - the
Crow scout for the soldiers?"
"No; but my braves say that he ran
away and did not fight at ALL"
1t was at this juncture that Colonel
Particle asked Chief Gall If any prison
ers were taken. This is a question which
often arose in the years following the
disaster in an effort to ascertain, if pos
sible, the true fate Of Lieuter ..,ai Haz.
rington, Jack Sturgis, Dr. Lore sG.sl S1l, =
fourteen others whose bodies vefJ no;
found with the others on the SaCClef = 4
nor had anything been hears5 of slacm
since that morning when the Ca1nV wa
divided for attack. In reply, ChieS -
stated emphatically that no prisODgr
were taken. Our hearts were bad III
we shot and killed them" he said.
do you remember seeing the big cnsfS
before or after the fight?" This questiyL
referred to General Custer.)
II saw the big chief riding with tie
orderly before we attacked; ne had glasses
(held glasses) to his face. During tbs
fight there were too many soldiers scat.
tered around for me to see him"
Did any soldiers get away?"
mo. All were killed. About IA (indi
eating the number with his fingers
started toward the mountains (WoI
mountains) but our braves took the trai
after them"
What did you do after all the soldier
were killed?"
"We went back to fight the soldiers OF
the hill who were digging holes in tht
ground (the remnants of Renos com
mand). We kept them surrounded unit
after we saw dust down the river anC
knew that more soldiers we're coming
and then we went up Lodge Pole creel
toward the White mountains"
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
FARM OUTLOOK IS
BRIGHT IN STATE
(FrOm Montana State College,
w YHILE corn and beans have been
M delayed in planting, with ample
Wv time still left in which to com

" YHILE corn and beans have been
Nv delayed in planting, with ample
Wv time still left in which to com
plete this part of farm work,
other crops on the non-irrigated lands
Of southeastern Montana We're about 80
per cent seeded by the end of last week,
according to w. E. Holt, Of the land de
partment of the Northern Pacific Rail-
way company with headquarters at Miles
City.
Mr. Holt has returned from an extern
sive visit over the territory in this re-
gion and says that he finds conditions
almost ideal despite the excessive amount
Of rainfall.
With reference to corn, Mr.. Holt ex-
pressed the opinion that the majority Of
the farmers will plant the early flint vari-
eties. He finds however, that quite an
extensive acreage of corn has already
been planted and that where there has
been growth the crops look promising on
the non-irrigated lands. The only crop
that he found harmed to any extent is
the winter wheat, as its growth has been
somewhat retarded by the rainy condi-
tions and lack of consecutive days of
warm weather.
Commenting on the approaching build
| ing activities of the Northern Pacific
Railway company through the RedwateT
| country out Of Glendive, Mr.. Holt says
| that many inquiries are being received
relative to Montana lands. In a recent
| VAAP CAAAO OuSa Pe1A 70 VI AUoAAO, Ia4l, NO1 vi
and South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska and
Minnesota.
The precipitation and the railroad
building activities have drawn attention
to lands that are considered still to be
low in price and where about as good
crops are grown as on the higher priced
eastern lands. Practically all of the states
he has visited, he says, have had heavy
moisture and the farmers have encoun.
tered more serious delays in their seed.
ing than in this state. Prospective set.
tiers are being impressed with the fac
that if they come to the state they mus
be prepared to adjust themselves to tht
new conditions and methods that are il
vogue in Montana.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

been exceeded during that time in 1922
when AIS inches of rain fell and in 1903
when the precipitation totaled 5.58
inches. The average May rainfall for
Miles City is 198 inches, making the
moisture for last month ZIG inches
above normal. The average temperature
for the month was So degrees as COM
pared with a normal of 56.7 degrees. The
lowest average May temperature was so
degrees recorded in 1892 and in 1907.
The figures presented are of interest
and may have an important bearing upon
the size of the crop this year and pos
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
Hold PouItrY Meetings

H. L. Shrader, poultry specialist Of the
United States department OF agriculture,
was in Montana June 1917 for a series
of meetings with poultry growers. He as
sisted with activities in poultry produc-
ton being directed by the Montana Ex-
tension service. Meetings and demonstra-
ticns were held at Conrad, Great Fails
and Glasgow dealing with such subjects
IS accrediting Of docis, egg grading anc
marketing and poultry house remodeling
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
THE SIGNIFICANCE TO FARMERS
OF THE ABNORMAL RAINS

sibly next year, but have no significance
as to what kind of weather may be ex-
pected in the future. The figures for
Havre show that in May, 1899, total OF
5.68 inches of rain was recorded; the next
year Mays total rainfall was .88 Of an
inch. In 1902 May brought ATT inches
of rain and the same month the year
following recorded BAT inches.
At Miles City the figures show the same
incongruities. In May, 1908, the year Of
the highest precipitation for this month
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
TurkeY GroWers, Picnic

The Sheridan County Turkey Market
ing association viii hold its first meeting
this year on June "a when officers will
be elected at picnic at Antelope. The
speaker of the occasion will be Harriet
e. Cushman, state extension poultry spe-
cialist, who has had considerable expert
ence in turkey raising Il is the plan Of
the organization to branch out and take
up the raising Of other poultry and live
stock in future seasons.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
Babies Cry
For ''Castoriia' y
Prepared Especially for Infants
and Children Of All Ages

Mother! Fletcher's Castoria has been
N use for over 80 years as a pleasant,
harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
gOric, Teething Drops and Soothing
Syrups. Contains no narcotics. Proven
directions are on each package. Physi-
clans everywhere recommend it.
The genuine bears signature Of
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

A young mAu must either be fired with
ambition or nred without It.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17
STOCK and GRAIN

farm 900 acres, all improvements, 1-S under
cultivation. 512 miles from r. r. Price and
terms will interest you. Inquire Hollam Com
pany, Great Falls.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

The spring wheat acreage in Hill coun-
ty is estimated 25 per cent below the
acreage Of last year. A total Of approx
mately 1900 acres has been planted to
this crop this year.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

One-third cup minute tapioca, 2B
cups hot water, tsp. vanilla, "a cup
sugar, 1a' tsp. salt, cups strawberries.
Wash and hull the berries and cover
with 1z cup OF sugar. Set in a cold
place. Mix the tapioca. sugar and salt
together. Slowly add the boiling water
and cook for 20 minutes in the top Of a
double boiler. Add the vanilla and cool.
When cold add the mashed berries. Serve
with cream.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

Edmund Burke, soil chemist for the
Montana experiment station, was in Mis-
soula county last month taking soil sam
pies and studying local soil conditions.
Tests to determine the effect of apply
ing ammonium sulfate and gypsum to
certain types of soil in the county will
be made this summer.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-06-17

The general level of farm prices was
126 for the month of May, one point
higher than in April. Increases in grains
were largely responsible for the gain
Hogs, dairy and poultry products showed
declines which partly Offset the increases
made in other lines.