davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

Us unawares. The best we can do Is
10 constantly improve our dikes-our
orga nlZation for settling disputes"
DO you think that some historians
nave gone too far in their insistence
That Germany was without RESPONSE
bility for the late WARP" I asked.
DO" answered DIR. Seymour. 1--WE
must be very slow to accept extreme
statements. Even now, all the evi.
dence is not in. So far as we can
Judge from what evidence we have.
the responsibility must be divided"
But do you think that much World
war history must be rewritten and
that the popular notion of the Kaiser
planning the war and German Huns
scheming for generations for a con.
quest OF the world and wilfully pre-.
clpltatlng the late war Is hokum?" I
asked.
1T is certainly true that war his.
tory written 10 years ago must be re.
Vlsed; and it is the opinion of such au.
thoritative students as G.. p. Gooch i'm
england and Pierre Renouyin in
France that the late war was the re.
suit OF ineffective craftsmanship and
not or design; of inadequate machinery
for settling disputes"
one more question, DIR. SEYMOUR.
How is 1t that we have such wrong
popular notions about the World
Warp"
Partly because people wrote books
before they had adequate evidence.
Partly because when a nation is at
war it cannot permit the public to see
both sides of a case. If people are 10
fight well. they must believe that the
blame Is all on the other side"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
MOundbuilders Traded
From Wyoming to Gulf

White men were not the first "com.
mercial travellers" on this continent.
They had predecessors among the In.
dams, according to the evidence of
relics dug UP in the ancient metrop.
oils now known as the Hopewell
mound group, by DIR. H. C. Shetrone
or the Ohio State Archaeological and
Historical Society. Ornaments, uten.
sils, and objects used in religious cere.
monies are found with the burials of
this people that could not possibly
have originated in their own limited
territory, but must have come from
points as far away as the headwaters
Of the Missouri River and the Gulf of
Mexico.
Conspicuous among the finds are
large spearheads and knife blades of
black obsidian, the nearest known de.
post OF which is in Yellowstone Park.
Large quantities of obsidian chips
and flakes indicate that these weap.
ons were not bought ready made, but
as blocks of the stone which were
worked into shape after delivery. Eye
teeth of grizzly bears were also i'm.
ported from the West.
From the gulf region came large
conch shells and long strings of beads
made of tiny marine shells. The
pearls which this people used, how.
ever, We're not from oysters, but from
the local river mussels.
Though still in the Stone Age cul.
turally, the moundbuilders traded In
metals. They bought copper nuggets
from the Lake Superior region, and
galena, lead-silver ore, from Illinois.
They also had meteoric iron. though
H.
They did not know how to smelt ores,
but simply hammered ornaments and
ceremonial objects directly out of the
raw materials they had, In which the
metals existed in a high state OF
purity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

they are able to proceed in q much
more intelligent manner than former.
~. They are being aided materially
by various research laboratories, and
the highways built during the last
decade also have acted as tests for
proving the best material and the best
type of road. Politics and personalities
also are being eliminated from road
construction, as the automobile user
and taxpayer more and more demand
full. value for funds expended,
With the completion of the surfacing
of 100000 miles of roads. one.fourth
of the highways of the United States
Will be of an improved variety
stretching into every section of the
country. This figure, of course, is
not definitely fixed. for there is no
doubt that there will be some further
construction.
1t may be that when one.uuarter of
tn, road mileage has been surfaced
the goal will be advanced to 900, 900
or 1000, 900 miles of improved and sur.
faced highways, depending upon the
need Of the country, but in every in.
stance of additional mileage surfaced
the Iced for the extended surfacing
must be proved.
The construction of fine roads just
for the sake of building them never
will become a Government roads
policy. And as time goes on 1t will
become increasingly difficult To prove
to highway engineers the need for
SUI cling all roads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

IDEAS, develops new mechanical prog
ress. War has done much for the
world. Progress might die with the
passing of war. And il we should
have another war we would be greatly
handicapped because we have civilians
at the head of military departments of
our government"
But / always thought that it was
best to prevent the Army and Navy
from becoming dangerous or over.
developed by placing a civilian at their
head" said.
You are thinking of the days that
are past" said Admiral Fiske. lat
one time armies used to menace parlia-
mentary government. Unscrupulous
leaders in the army used to use the
army to overthrow civil governments.
This led to civilian heads. Those DAYS.
however. are obviously past. No one
today would fear that an army or navy
leader would dare to threaten Con-
gress. Congress holds in it's control
the money power and can keep the
Army and Navy within any bounds it
SCVo hL' A HiAltdLy COIIlIIldIluGF would
however, be highly useful both before
another war and at the conclusion of
war"
X X X X
'How is that?" I asked.
"Civilian leaders of military depart.
ments have shown a decided tendency
to hold back war preparedness. This
always makes war more costly and
uses up more lives. Furthermore, IL
we had a military leader in the cabi-
net-one acquainted with military
strategy--he would have held out for
the fertilization of the Philippines and
would have saved us the future war
with Japan. At the conclusion of a
war. also. peace terms are something
more than mere laws. They involve
military strategy. Every war that
ends should take account of one that
may arise. Lawyers may know the
law but they do not know military
strategy. That is why we need mill
tary cabinet officers
fCOpyright 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

the only cure (such would be the con.
tention) would be such incorpora ton.
The Socialists are known strongly to
favor anschluss.
Such rumors, fantastic or not, apart,
it Is fact of prime Importance that
the anschluss movement is in a
heightened phase. holding vast posi-
bilities Of general disturbance and dis.
location.
X X X
Rumania.-King Ferdinand of Ru-
mania died on Wednesday. Prince
Mihai, aged 5, Ferdinand's grandson
and son Of Prince Carol, succeeds.
Until he reaches the age of IS, how
ever. the royal functions are to be
exercised by a council Of regency,
which now consists of Mihai's uncle
THE young Prince Nicholas, the
patriarch and the president of the
Supreme Court. 1t will be recalled
that late in 1925 Prince Carol, whose
exploits are sufficiently known, re-
nounced his right of succession and
that early in 1925 the Rumania Par
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

~ HERE are some questions that really
serve to classify mems minds. Now.
adays the popularity received classified.
tons rarely mean anything at all. Are
you a Republican or Democrat? Are you
Liberal Labor or Conservative? The answer
tells you only of accidents. or Of upbringing
and circumstances. Are you Socialist? I'VE
are all Socialists nowadays" Are you Chris
tian? YES" and NO" or "Yes'-and long
explanation.
But these other questions are test ques-
tions. Fairly put and fairly answered, they
reveal the quality, or rather. let me say, the
key and color. OF a mind quite definitively.
They mean exact things. They show you are
this sort Of man or that.
One of these test questions is birth control.
because on your belief whether that Is posi-
BILE and desirable, or whether 1t is not hang
logically and necessarily, all your ideas of the
competition of types, peoples and races, and
of the possibility of Socialism and world peace.
1t you can believe 1t Is possible then world
peace Is possible. and IL you think 1t is impos.
sible, all talk OF world peace Is just sentimental
fooishness a humbugging preparation for
propaganda in the next war.
X X X X
Another test issue is the question whether
the mass performed by a properly qualified
priest is not the central fact of Christian re.
iigious life If your answer is Yes" you are a
Catholic and IL "No." Protestant. All the
other points at issue among different sorts of
Christians are subordinate to that, and you will
find that the decisions people make upon them
are always more or less clearly consequent upon
that primary decision. Your attitude toward
education will be different. and toward litera-
ture and history. You will face death different.
y and pain differently.
Upon a great multitude of the important
problems of today you do not know where you
are; you are just Numbering about, until you
have thought out and decided clearly in these
two key matters and adjusted your ideas to
them.
A third cardinal issue, not perhaps quite so
far.reaching in its implications as these Others
but very far-reaching Is the question of vivisec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

-. Continued from First Page)
many could keep order. He used to
preen himself in his conviction that
he had kept the peace of Europe up
to 1914. He was, l think, criminally
stupid in believing that Germany
could attempt to block Russia in the
East and compete with Great Britain
on the sea at one and the same time
without getting into trouble.
But the Kaiser's influence was al
ways a doubtful quantity. In 1905.
when there was an international
crisis in Morocco, the Kaiser was &C.
tually compelled to make threaten
ing speech that he didn't want to
make. He tried his best to get out
of it, but his foreign office made him.
He was very far from being arbitrary
in his powers. He certainly desired
to avoid war in 1914 and sincerely be-
lieved that it was forced upon Ger
many by the Russian mobilization.
Caught by Circumstances.
"Well, weren't the responsible
leaders in Germany eager for war;"
l asked. "Is the popular idea that the
late war was brought about by Ger
man leadership true or untrue?"
1.-THE civil officials of Germany were
certainly stupid when they approved
of Austria's demands on Serbia with
out calculating the consequences. But
as soon as they realized what those
consequences involved, they did their
best to restrain Austria. I would go
further and say that the civil officials
in every country were anxious to
avoid a European war. They were
caught in a set of circumstances
which were too much for them"
How did the war come about
then" asked, "if no one wanted it,"
mo one wanted the flood in the
Mississippi Valley. We hoped that
the bikes were high enough to pro-
tect against flood. So before the war
in Europe, every one realized the dam
ger of war, resulting from the inevi-
table conflict of national interests.
They hoped to avoid it. But the truth
was they didn't build the bikes high
enough. They failed to create pro-
tective organization sufficient to meet
the crisis"
"You refer to the League of Nations
as sufficient protective organization"
l asked.
"Unquestionably the League. taken
in conjunction with special agree
ments such as the Locarno pacts. Of
fers better protection than Europe has
ever had. Whether it will be suffi-
cient depends upon further develop
ment of the idea and upon the in.
tensity of the next international
crisis
"A noted historian told me recently
that the late war would be the last
great war Of history-that war as an
established institution was doomed
even within the lifetime Of the present
generation. Do you think that we will
live to see a warless world?" asked.
War Causes Ever Present.
"We shall always have causes for
war. We shall have war just so long
as we fail to organize other methods
for settling the causes of war-inter.
national disputes. The river of inter-
national trouble flows on ceaselessly.
1t may rise at any moment and over
flow the bikes of peace organization.
Sometimes we may see 1t rising and
control the food. Other times 1t takes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

Continued from First Page.)
greater proportionate drop. the daily
traffic per mile being only % vehicles.
BY multiplying the number of ve-
hiclas per mile with the number Of
miles of each system and adding
these. it was found that there were
S.198,033 vehicle miles travelled In
Maine during one day. OF this mum.
Der however, considerably more than
half was done on the 1850 miles of
the primary system of roads. the total
amount being more than 100000
miles. The secondary system carried
no quite 100000 vehicle miles of
traffic. while the tertiary system OF
roads, which is three times the length
of the other two systems together, &C.
commodated about 100000 vehicle
miles of traffic, or only one-sixth Of
the total traffic of the State.
Thus 1t may be seen that the vast
ma jority of mileage in the tertiary
system never would warrant surface
ing. Many of these roads merely COM
municate between farms and the other
road systems, and the only traffic that
passes over them Is local and proceeds
only for short distances.
What was found true for Maine
also is said to be true for the other
States. OF course, should one OF these
roads. for some reason. develop
heavy traffic so that paving would be
warranted. 1t will be done.
Basis of Needs.
Road improvement and construction
work is done on the basis of the needs
OF the roads, /. was explained. Dur
ing the last 10 years highway engi-
neers have learned much, and with
this greater knowledge of their work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Sees World in Arms Against u. S.
Continued from First Page.)

Continued from First Page.)
iron were first used In war. Our
science Of bridging was war baby
and without that science how far back
down the line of development would
man be at this moment! Think of
the progress Of surgery in the late
war and in every war! The steam
engine was first used in a battleship.
1t was during wars that the brains Of
men devised ways of checking such
dreaded plaques as yellow fever or
typhoid. Every late war has seen an
enormous contribution to electrical
development. Every war advances
science and pushes mankind further
up the social scale of living. We
can't get rid Of war and, indeed, it
might be terrible blow at progress
If we did"
"But James Harvey Robinson, the
great historian, says that the day of
war is doomed. He says that war
today Is utterly useless. Formerly
war had an exercise value, a prestige
value and even an amusement value.
all OF which today are lacking in mod.
ern warfare" / said.
but what about war as an escape
from monotony? A great many men
went to the late war with the spirit
OF picnickers. They were going on a
lark. Today we are becoming so
mechanical and standardized that war
may have distinct value as an escape
from the drabness, colorlessness, over
safeful nature of modern civilization.
War Is just as normal as peace. Ma.
ture has an eternal quality about it
night and day. black and white and
peace and-war.
The most peaceful nations have
been the most unprogressive. When
China stopped fighting with the great
conqueror Genghis Khan, her past
triumphs like the invention of gun.
powder. the compass. porcelain. silk,
ceased. China began a great slumber
of decadence. War keeps a nation
alive intellectually, brings in new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

instance. Vienna is overwhelmingly
Socialist, but the outlying provinces
are strongly anti-Socialist. News of
the doings in Vienna reaching the
uplandish folks Of the riots and even
less to be stomached general strike
and the attempt to intimidate Seipel,
here. there and everywhere armed
anti.Socialists concentrated in camps,
established liaison among the groups,
concerted plans and resolved for d
march on Vienna. Results, the gen.
eral strike was called off on the eve.
ming of the 18th and the attempt to
tntimidate or cajole Seipel ceased.
Apparently Seipel Is more firmly en-.
trenched than before the late un-
pleasantness. 1t is necessary to note
(Which ] do. however, with cold de.
tachment) the frequent rumor that
certain power Tor responsible elements
thereof has ingeniously fomented the
discomfort in Vienna in the interest of
anschluss-i. e.. incorporation Of Aus
tria in the Reich--it being hoped to
create an intolerable situation whereof
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Jobs Become Lures
To Oxford Students

The business fever prevalent among
undergraduates in many American
colleges has now seized upon stu
dents of Oxford University. according
to an informal statement issued by
an official of the university. Oxford
undergraduates by scores are leaving
the university before taking their de.
grees in order to accept tempting
business offers. Oxford loses 800 and
more undergraduates year. Half of
them leave through the normal way
by receiving the degrees-or by sus-
pension or encouragement due to
failure in examinations. The other
half, however. succumb to the attrac-
ton of business.
Formerly" the official says, "stu-
dents put the university degrees be-
fore business positions. 1t was
thought that good positions would
follow automatically after the degrees.
But now that competition is so keen
In the outside world. the students
prefer to throw up their chances for
degrees and take the business offers
while they are still OPEN"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Birth Rate in Europe
Seen at Very Low Ebb

There appears to be no lower limit
to the descending birth rate of Euro.
pean cities short of absolute zero, &C.
cording to studies made by DIR. War
rem S. Thompson of the Scripps Foun-
dation for Population Problems.
Berlin leads the procession with
only III births per thousand people
in 1925, which exceeded only slightly
the death rate Of ia. but the figures
available for 1926 indicate that the
death rate may have exceeded the
birth rate during the last year.
AS a group the large cities of Ger
many had birth rate of only AL in
1925 and the report for the first
month of 1927 indicates that for this
year it will be even lower.
To have great numbers of normal
healthy adults who are not parents is
a new thing in the history OF the
world, according to DR.. Thompson.
The consequences directly affect the
possibilities of the future peace Of the
world and the moral health of great
populations and are worthy of the
most serious consideration of scholars
and etntn~r>o" he declares
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
London Taxi Rate Up.

Taxi fares only a penny higher
than the prewar rate went into effect
in London recently after considerable
discussion between the home secre.
tary and operators of taxicabs. Before
the war fares were s pence for the
first mile, then they rose to a shilling
and now they are Q pence. ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

The American dye industry is little
more than 10 years old, vet IT sup
plies textile factories with dyes at
almost half the prewar cost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Blame for War Is Placed ON Group
Ut Nations by DIR. Charles Seymour

Continued from First Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Volume of Traffic Alone Will Rule
In Program for Surfacing of Roads

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
BY HENRY w. BUM.

following is brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the
4 seven days ended July %:
The Washington times., 1927-03-24

.lGlkRpeR MsI |
.ScARrY LEFT !,
LAST NtGNI FOR
The eLLoWs ,
BOAT WORKS WHERE
The MGAeoNO IS
N0lO LYING IDLE. |
|NAe SKIPPER D,LL 4
Get HER INTO CON-.
MISSION AS Soon 1
AS POSSIBLY AID
THEN SAIL HER
IDOWN HE RE 70 ,
Ipl cK Up The eGsNlcH.'
ICOFI4 @0FH IS |
NOT COIN a. 40
IkAK1TER WHAT Ne
ISA4s. : AZ Is NOT
lOlM0,~ THAT'S AL
khERE IS 70 M.A
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
MUSSOL|N| ASKS
NEWSPAPER USE
FEWER ADJECTVES
Includes Himself in Ban
Which Takes in Heroic"
and Allied Words.

BIZ United Press
ROME, March 4.-Fascism has
adopted the American newspaper
mans disdain for adjectives. No one
must be called heroic. Even Musso-
lini himself, who is credited as the
author of the new regulations, must
never be referred to as "Excellency'
or Honorable"
These rules were made the subject
of service order issued to journal
lists on the staff of Rome's official
Fascist daily newspaper and signed
by the editor, Robert FORCES Davanz-
tati
The service note insists on a severe
and simple style for Fascist journal
ism, and warns writer's against the
use of laudatory phrases, gratuitous
compliments and hyperbole.
Even Dead Affected
cit is absolutely forbidden, without
the permission of the editor to use
for any motive or on any occasion
whatsoever the words ''hero,"
"heroic," or "heroism," whether dead
or living persons are being referred
to. Thus, phrases like "the heroic
general or "the heroic gold medal
list" are taboo the circular states.
Again, following American news
paper technique, brevity is made a
major virtue. Headings must be
short and concrete" insists the cir
cular, land refer to the matter of
the news item only"
1.-THE use of a minimum of adjec-
tives is recommended says the
order, Especially in treating of cere-
monies, fetes and so forth, and also
in the editorial page. The substan-
tive should suffice. Our journalistic
style needs purifying with at least
pumice stone on your periods. The
editor, who reads the entire paper,
will consider clear, brief, succinct re-
ports as the most praiseworthy."
Urges Clear Writing
Remember" it warns writer's for
the official press, that the paper is
not read only by few hundred in.
tellectual friends, but is published
for the many, thousands of readers
who have little time to spare from
their daily work. Articles, therefore
should give the gist Of the subject at
once, clearly and soberly, and should
not pre-suppose that the reader is
already acquainted with the topic
under discussion"
The circular ends with some in
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04
MAKES WHEAT RECORD
Canadian Farmer Shows Income Re
turn of S125 an Acre.

BIZ United Press
PRINCE ALBERT, Sask, March 4.
IT. A. Balm, a soldier settler farm
ing north of Prime Albert, established
a new worlds record for per acre
farm income by averaging a return
of $12S an acre on a twelve acre plot
sown to Garnet wheat the new grain
evolved by Canadian government
agronomists.
Balm obtained his seed from the
Dominion experimental farm at OF
tawa, Ont, where Garnet wheat was
originated. The wheat was produced
under normal growing conditions.
When he threshed it last fall it av'
eraged "a bushels to the acre, grad
ing no. 2 Northern.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04

structions to the Photographic de-
partment.
photographs of illustrious persons
reading speeches, or worse still,
photographs of illustrious persons
sitting in a row of arnl,chairs listen
ing to the speech of another more
or less illustrious person ARE from
now onward absolutely forbidden.
"In the case of Inauguration cere-
monies, it is preferable to publish
a good photograph of the monument
or building being unveiled or opened
rather than Of the usual group of
authorities"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04

A better grade of tapestry rugs
offered in a number of different
patterns and oral effects. Over
all designs, oriental patterns,
bright contrasts, soft tones, etc.
These are full-sized room rugs
of pleasing design.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-03-04

Choice Of a variety of designs
and patterns. Compare favor
ably with many rugs that regu-
larly sell for considerably more
money. Several interesting col
or combinations from which to
make a selection.