The producers news., 1927-06-24
ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL EDU-
CATION
CONTINUED from last week)


TIVE TARIFF UNDER FINANCE CAPI-
tai?
Under protective tariffs, the state fence them
selves off from another by means of introduc-
ing high duties foreign commodities so as to
make more difficult or completely prevent their
penetration of the domestic market By means of
raising these high tariff walls, the financial
bourgeoisie of each state, the one hand secures
itself from any danger of foreign competition;
and on the other hand, finance capital gets the
absolute freedom to profiteer, to raise the prices
on all commodities, and in this way to plunder
excessively the broad working masses of the peo-
pie. By using protective tariffs the state obtains
at the expense of the masses a revenue from the
high duties, and the syndicates and trusts get an
extra additional profit from raising prices. Using
this additional profit, the syndicates and trusts are
enabled at the expense of the domestic consumers,
to export and sell on the foreign markets at low
prices, the very commodities which they sell
within the country at high prices. 1t is well
known, for example, that the Russian syndicate
of sugar-manufacturers maintained very high
prices for sugar in Russia and sold this very
same sugar abroad for next to nothing, only so
to expand its production and annihilate its
competitors. Thus, by taking advantage of the
high duties, the syndcates and trusts are enabled
to rob the masses within their own countries as
much they desire, in order to secure under their
rule the foreign purchasers and foreign markets.
Aside from the robbery of the broad masses
within, and the penetration of the foreign mar
kets, protection sharpens exceedingly the enmity
and struggle between different capitalist states
each one of which tries to fence itself off from
the others by tariff walls as high as possible, and
leads them to embittered clases, and in certain
cases, to wars. This sharpening of the enmity and
struggle becomes still stronger as result of the
development of Imperialism.
20. WHAT is MODERN IMPERIALISM?
The world Imperialism comes from the Latin
"imperium" empire. In ancient times a few Of
the strongest states, empires, used to attempt,
mostly by means of conquest, to subject to them
selves all other countries and peoples and thus
create one world-embracing state-an empire.
! When we speak about modern imperialism the
beginning of which reaches to the end of the 188Os
we have in mind that tendency of the finance
capital of each capitalist country to expand be-
yond the borders of its own state, and to master
the whole world, which is the inevitable outcome
of the interests of finance capital, the further
it grows and develops.
In the period of finance capital, capitalism even
with the broad use of the advantages of protec-
ton, is not able to satisfy itself with the exploit
tation and robbery within each given state The
main reasons for this are as follows:
! 1. With the development of finance capital,
the latter gets more and more in needs of foreign
markets for the sale of its increasing quantity of
various commodities. More and more does export
become pressing necessity for modern highly
developed capitalism
z. According as production grows greater, mod
ern capitalism begins to suffer more and more
from an msufficiency of raw materials and fuel
within the home country, and is compelled to
search for them in other countries particularly in
countries that are still young and backward
colonies), where there are large quantities of
cry kind of unexpected natural wealth. Thus
there develops pursuite not only of markets for
the sale of commodities, but also for raw ma
terials and fuel
8. In the period of finance capital, there is a
superfluity not only of commodities but also of
capital. The right capitalist states are not able
to use the tremendous capital in the hands of the
small group of capitalists, at home, and there
fore there begins race and struggle for other
countries, where they can export the superfluous
capital and with its aid erect and put into opera
ton factories, plants, railroads. and other capital
ISL enterprises. Capitalists are generally mpelled
to export capital also by the fact that in other,
more backward and poorer countries, they can
receive greater profits on the exported capital "a
higher rate of profit) than in the countries with a
developed industry The reason for this is that
IN other more backward and younger countries
'colonles) there are great quantities of natural
riches-cheap raw material right at hand, and
most important, an abundance of cheap and pa
tlent labor power. Thus the capitalists tend to
seize other countries also with the aim of export
ing their capital there
Continued next week.