davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
PASSING OF Jury
I SYSTEM FORECAST
Hardly Worth Effort to Save
{ 1t, Prof. MoIey Tells
= Political Scientists.

The jury system quietly and rapidly
is passing out Of existence in the ad.
ministration of criminal law and
hardly is worth the effort 10 save il.
Prof. Raymond Moley of Columbia
University told the American Poli.,
ical Science Association AT the clos
ins session of its annual meeting
yesterday afternoon.
In some States already. he said. 20
rer cent of the criminal cases are dis
posed of without a jury. and where
the system still is IN effect ii is caus-
ING SO much dissatisfaction in all quar-.
ters that its passing IS only a mater
CT time. Canada. he pointed out.
has developed superior jury system
IL that of the United States. hut even
there great deal Of dissatisfaction
Is manifested.
New Tribunal Seen.
The administrative system, he said
seems 10 i've breaking down in the adj
ministration of criminal Law. and
eventually the power 10 impose sen
tence will pass to some other tribunal.
such as a highly paid commission like
that recently recommended for New
York State by Gov. Smith.
A historical view of the adminiStYa-
ton Of justice, he said. shows that the
courts carry the burden of a certain
type of cases until il becomes too
heavy. Then the administrative ma
chinery breaks down and n special
body is created 10 carry ON the work
An example of;thiS cited was the work
mems compensation commission >Ns-
fem. now in force in most States which
he 2s>t,s hi
type IF cases when he courts no long
er could handle them.
LeS5sla tors" he said. fast are com
ing TO realize that something must he
done about the whole status Of the ad-
ministration OF Justice. The political
scientist has q chance IN play part
IN the inevitable reconstruction.
Study of Records Urged.
Prof. Moley urged the political
scientists tn devote more study TO
American court records. This he char
acterized as almost an untouched field
for research where study would re-
veal a picture Of the ordinary trend
of legal machinery under changing
conditions and would shed much light
on the past civilization IF the Country.
A. E. Buck Of the National Institute
of Public Administration told of the
procedure used in A recent survey Of
the State and county governments of
Virginia. the results of which are now
in the hands Of the Legislature.
Lewis Merriam of the Institute for
Gevernsfae nj Research told Of the re-
cent surEeygof Indian administration
conducted by that body for the De-
fsar'ment Of the Interior. with special
reference 10 schools, public health and
family life
Prof, Benjamin r Shanbaugh of
iowa State University presided at the
closing session.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31

CONTINUED from First Pagel
and Associate Justice Jennings Bailey
who waE Ihorized TO sign orders for
him admitted that he could not tell
what the procedure would he.
Reports I'm New York that Mai
Gordon will draw up indictments
Zainst Harry r. Sinclair. Williams J
Burns Henry Mason Day Sheldon
Clark and the others named in the
presentment were denied ernphaticalIy
by him. In view Of the pending con-
tempt proceedings Mai. Gordon re-
iterated that he has no intention of
preparing indictments.
Any indictments drawn up in the
jury tampering case would have 10
BE- based on fresh evidence presented
10 q new grand jury. This would
Becessitate gummoning most Of the 90
or more wit BesSesn who testified about
the jury Surveillance before the old
grand jury.
When the original invest igafion was
ordered il Was the opinion Of Govern.
inert and defense counsel that The
contempt proceedings which arose
later would require no more Than 10
days 10 conclude. As these proceedings
heightened il became more apparent
than ever before that the Government
had used the grand jury inVesti2a.
ton mainly for the purpose Of baiId,
Ing Dp its ~ ~ against the six respond
ents on trial for contempt:
Important Witnesses.
Witnesses VINO appeared before the
grand jury and we're exempted frnfn
inclusion in the contempt charges
were among the most important wit
YaesEes for the Government when shs
Gouternp. care came II trial Al one
time during the contempt trial de
Tense counsel protested against the
use of testimony given befare the
grand jury. Jus'ice Elddnn* however.
ruled the Government was within It's
rights in using ihls evidence
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
Wholesale Prices Today.
II Die From Bad Liquor.

WINNIPEG. Manitoba December
81 up. Poison liquor. served at
drinking party in Winnipeg's China
town, was said to have been the cause
of the deaths Of II persons within
four DAYS The latest victim. 7.
Steinherc, died Yesterday in a private
hnSritaI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31

Another Of the popular fables of
American history-that of the intro
iuCtion of armored ships into naval
warfare in the battle between the
Monitor and The Merrimac at Hamp,
ton Hoads--was exploded last night
in an address before the American
Historical Society by Prot. James Z.
Baxter OF Harvard University.
Prof Baxter said that as result
of his researches into hitherto uneX-
plored archives in Paris London and
Washington he was convinced that
France not The United States. played
the leading role in the introduction Of
iron-Clads.
France became convinced of the
uSeleSsneSS OF wooden ships IN battle
after the destruction of the Turkish
fleet by shell fire AT Sinope in 1853
This led Napoleon Ill. tn order the
construction NJ five armored, floating
batteries which proved their worth
IN the capture of kirhurn in October.
1885
Had Fleet in 1860
The problem of the sea .soinS iron.
clad. Prof. Baxter said. had been
solved by 1860 through the genius
of the French naval constructor.
Deputy &c Lorme. France at once
increased its iron-clad t1eet from s
TO l6.
Great Britain was watching ieal-
ouSlv the revolutionary change in the
French navy and in 1859 had begun
the construction of four sea going
ironclads. She discontinued he
building of wooden ships in MAY.
1861. and increased her program of
sea going ironclads from / to Il. BY
that time when the civil War WAS
lust starting in the New World. Italy.
Spain, Austria and Russia had en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31

packed In New York, fancy count,
sold at 81 IS and $3.50 this morning
too few sales Of dollhouse stock to
quote prices
A. slightly more active poultry and
meat marker was reported this morn
ing The demand for the New Year
holiday season is nothing like as great
rs for the Christmas season, however.
and meat and poultry dealers expect
only an average market
A slight increase ~ dc mand for
turkeys was reported Yesterday, and
IN increased demand for other mes
of poultry also was evidenced Prices
are about the same as prices that pre-
vailed during The Christmas holiday
season
Cheap prices of pork and pork prod.
ncts was looked upon as one reason
for the light demand for poultry.
Fresh hams proved good seller for
the New Year dinner.
Early morning shoppers were out in
fairly large numbers today, retailers
wanting to get the pick of commodities
Tor their days trade.
Wholesale Prices Today.
Meats. fresh killed Beef. 20ao5:
veal 24a26 lamb. 2Ga27; fresh hams
1ea2O; Joins, 1Sa2O: fresh shoulders
1Ga17' smoked hams, 2Oa22: smoked
shoulders, 1G: strip bacon, 2aa24 lard
12ha13, calves, alive, Halls; lambs.
alive, 13
Butter-Onc- pound prints. i4a55;
tab. SO: store packed. 81.
Eggs-Frcsh selected, 44a4J: hen
merry. AZ; current receipts, 40.
Poultry. hlivo - Turkeys. 3Sa4O
fowls small, and medium. 20a2t; large.
99ao3: Spring chickens, 24a25: ROSTERS.
Is: ducks. 1Sa20: keats. young, Goats
old. 81. Dresscd-Turkeys 40a42:
Spring chickens, 27a2S, ROSTERS. IS;
carons. fancy. heavy. 45a4s: small,
3Sa4N' ducks, 25a30: keats, sna90
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31

We have great faith In the continued progress Of
Washington: In Its development as world center:
In Its growth rs home community: In Its greater
attractivencss to men and women of every part Of
the United States. and It shall ever be Our aim and
achievement to meet In the fullest measure, the de-
mands made upon us by such discriminating
clientele.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
Without piliog 40 . Treasury eur

Ditls.
ia would be foolish ~ avail
lsI4t d3ts ~ take ns.liah Ia fhis niBt.
lst as the Treasury department viii
tsof know any n1Te March ID ihan II
does - ibis time fW the lasi 10
ttgr& the department his consistently
,nissed its esiiHtalek ~ Treasury rev.
enIes anyahefe ft0m 400 900, 900 ~
1900 900 DO9," A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
PRESIDENT FAv0RS
EARLY TAX ACTION
ON MELLON PLAN

0ont n',ed from first psge.,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31


q. aIi~fl>4<
JUL IL III III IlIu " @ullllIIn
IVY z,
We Extend to OF Of1r Best
w. <0@o
Wishes FOr l1ZO
recognition of the efforts have made to merit
appova-an approval that has tor
1927 by far the largest volume OF business we have
enjoyed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
BLACKMER RESlSTS
SECOND SUMMONS
IN OIL CASE TRIAL

CONTINUED from First Page.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31

The bias accusation came when
Judge Brent undertook to question
George +; Garrett. witness for AleXan-
dria. regarding the financing Of the
subdivision Of Rosecrest. Garrett had
lust admitted. under cross eX9mina-
tion, that the subdivision lad been
financed hy four residents Of Airing
ton County, and Judge Brent inter
posed.
"But they all do business in Alex
rndria. don't they"
Cloth jumped to his feet with n pro
test against the courts question. de
claring IL showed bias on the part NJ
Judge Brent. The latter replied he had
= right ~ question the witness and he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-31
NEW FLARES MARK
ANNEXATION FIGHT
Arlington Judge Calls Prose.
cutor InsoIent for Saying
He Is Biased.

Bv staH Corrc 9Dondcnt OF Inc StdP,
COURTHOUSE. Arlington County,
Va. December 81. More verbal fire
works between counsel and more
clashes between defense ATTORNEYS and
presiding Judge Samuel q. Brent.
marked the closing Of the second
chapter Of the Alexandria s.-ArlinG-
tcn-and Counties annexation
proceedings here yesterday.
II was Il rather exciting afternoon
for the small handful of spectators,
featured by a charge of bias hurled
ut Judge Brent by commonwealth =
attorney, William &. Cloth of Airing.
ton County. and IL declaration 10y the
Judge that Cloth was 'insOlent.' re
versal by the court Of an earlier ruling
to which defense counsel had taken
vigorous exception and another flare
up between Carter Hall of counsel for
4 10 IN udria and GIoth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Doll Carriages, $2.95

Attractively finished wit h
brown. blue or tan and shown i'll
size large. enough to hold Is
inch doll. All with adjustable
hoods and rubber tires.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Tubular Frame
Velocipedes, $7.95

Made with adjustable saddle
and handlebars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Sidewalk ScOoters
$4.05

Rubber-covered foot board.
ball-bearing disc wheels and
non skiC tires, Fitted with
alarm bell and foot brakes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Doll Carriages, $4.95

Round-fber doll carriages with
adjustable back rest and hood.
All finished in brown, blue or
tan and large enough for 18-inch
doll.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Doll Carriages, $40

Carriages with full tubular
frame, reversible gear, foot
brake, adjustable hood and
back rest. Finished in brown,
blue or tan and all corduroy
lined. Will hold 20-inch doll.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11

Large well constructed bicycl,
with comfortable motorbike sad
dies and motorbike style handle.
bars. Equipped with coaster
brakes and tenders. A real 10,
for the Older boys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11

Finished in fiery red enamel
this attractive auto will de-
light any little boys heart.
Equipped with alarm bell and
bumper-all AZ inches long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Coaster Wagons, $3.95

16x36-inch body, with roller
bearings, disc wheels and steel
body braces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11
Children'S Felt
Bootees, Csc

Cunning, comfortable
bootees with stenciled
pictures on the cuffs. Red
or blue with padded sole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-11

Boys Leather
Slippers, $1.75

In tan calf, with soft
padded soles. Gifts he will
appreciate. Sizes liz to
:. Sizes 219 to E. Style
came az above, priced at 81.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-04-26

the subways selling gum out OF his
cap. In single ride between two
stations ! saw him sell couple of
dollars worth, get off and pick up
more stock. At this rate his daily
income should have been anywhere
from SIS to $50.
Which reminds me-the circus once
more is holding forth in the very
heart Of the frothy Forties.
In mid-afternoon couple of ele.
plants go strolling down the theatre
belt followed by scads Of newsboys,
shoe sinners and loose urchins, who
later hang hungrily about the wooden
doorways. It's far cry from the
hometown circus grounds where.
even if one cannot get in the main
tent, there is the allure of the horse
tent, the blacksmith shop, the side
show spielers, the popcorn and
lemonade stands and all those side
attractions of the "big show" that
compensate a fellow for his time and
trouble.
Here the whole things goes off
with the commonplace routine of an
average theatre. Only the presence
of hundreds Of youngsters ut various
hours of the day furnishes clue to
the sacred presence. The side show
is held in the basement of the build
ing and the vendors are tucked away
on the inside.
GILBERT SWAN.
Copyright, 1927, NEA Service, Incl
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-04-26

For more than 50 years Steve j. STANDARD OF
Kansas City has been locomotive engineer. He
is not only dean of engineers his own railroad;
he is believed to have just about the longest
ice record OF any engineer in the country.
STANDARD was raroader when locomotives and
their equipment had not been perfected they ar.
now. And he makes remark that think is
rather apropos:
1.-THE man who travels on the dc luxe trains of
today with all the comforts Of a modern hotel.
does not realize the toll in human life and suffer
ing the tday standard nf railroad service
has taken in its building"
He's right. We arc accustomed to take our rail
roads for granted. We fuss and fumc if, on a
freezing winter night, the Pullman is not heat.
ed to just the right temperature We complain
loudly If, on n thousand-mile run, our train is
twenty minutes late. When the roadbed over a
mountainous region is bit bunny and uneven VIC
shall travel by that route again.
When we read of a wreck we shake our heads and
wonder what is the matter with the line, anyhow.
We forget what tremendously complicated
thing the modern railway train is; We forget how
many years of effort have gone into bringing it
to its present standard.
Not so long ago, for instance, applying the
brakes to a train not a simple matter of pull
ing six-inch lever in the engine cab with COM
pressed air to do the work No, indeed The en-
gneer threw his weight long lever; top OF
every car trainman did likewise. STANDARD points
out that many times in the cid days he blistered
his hands and wrists ITO the elbow" pulling on the
hand brake.
Rairoading is an exacting Calling. Rain or
shine, winter summer, the trains must go out
time. This means hard work and careful plan.
ming by the workmen responsible.
It's worth while for us to give a thought,
sicnally to the man in the cab--and to- the other
workers, on the train and along the line. HEAVY
responsibility sits on these mems shoulders A
slight mistake by any one of them could bring dis
aster Theirs is strenuous job They deserve
our recognition.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-04-26
He Speaks For America

President CoOlidgc's speech before the United
Press association last night served great purpose
BY this speech. the president has clarified the sit
uaton which, up to this time, has served to cloud
the foreign policy of the United States in the
minds of some people. He has given lucid and
logical exposition of the attitude of government
toward Mexico, China and Nicaragua. He has re-
affirmed the fundamental principles Of American
ism they apply to the present strained situation.
Protection of American lives and property con-
sttute the main problems of the American govern
mcnt in Mexico and China, the president said, and
by making this point clear he has shown that the
much-feared program of military ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
is in reality only fevered dream in the minds Of
opponents Of the administration.
What must these people who attribute imperial
ism to the United States think of this:
I'VE do not wish to pursue any Of aggres
sion against the Chinese people We are there to-
prevent aggression against our people by any Of
their disorderly elements. Ultimately, the turmoil
will quiet down and form Of authority will
emerge which will no doubt be prepared to max"
adequate settlement for any wrongs we have suf.
fered We shall, Of course, maintain the dignity
Of government and insist upon proper respect
being extended to authority. But actions
will at all times be those of friend socitous for
the wel-bcing Of the Chinese people,.
The majority CT people will agree with the presi-
alton is not feasible. He makes it clear that 1.-The
principle that property should not be confiscated
and the duty Of government are so we'll estab-
shed that it is doubtful if they should be permit
ted to be questioned" When the president enun-
ciates these principles. he is simply reaffirming
national policy which has gained more weight "a
the yccrs pass. If Mexico desires to come hal.
way. we'll and good. But if she will not, the
United States should take the necessary steps t.
protect the lives and property of it's citizens.
Again, when he says that American marines arc
not in Nicaragua to make war, but to lend every
encouragement to the restoration of peace" and t.
protect citizens and property from being de
stroyed by war, he is restatng what most Ameri
cans believe. Despite the stories Of persecution
]. which have emanated from certain sources, tn.
great body of people hold with the president, and
rightly. that the Ncaraguan occupation is the only
logical step government could have taken I'm
der the prevailing danger to our interests and te
the interests of Central American peoples.
Our course of duty is plain in these three coun.
tries: China, Mexico and Nicaragua. What has
been done, has been done because of very real
necessity. So the president has done more thar
merely giving his own exposition of the govern
ment's foreign policy. He has spoken for the ma
jority of Americans, who sincerely subscribe to the
principles which he has enunciated and who Sc.
clearly that the course the government is follow
ing is the only wise and just course
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-04-26
TUESDAY, APRIL rs, 1927
GEEB Buck PRIVATE Does beck
IL II FRANCE +. 4: ~: 4. :

over and adds it to huge pile. To-
morrow. or maybe next week some
time, a junk dealer will come along
in q high cart. And he'll buy the
piece for few sous.
The trees on all sides are blasted.
Everywhere the returning veteran
will find evidence of the desolation
that followed the four years Of con-
slant Smelling. 1t is weird scene.
but the heart Of the observer is
touched. The peasants have been
working nine years to correct the
damage. And they will be working
for ten years more.
Many New Houses
The old eglise is ruined. But
many new houses with bright red
roofs are there. The city hall is Of
modern construction. There don't
seem to be many people in town. Up
side street--a clatter Of shoes
ten children-ali born since the war
--ruddy-cheeked and healthy - the
only soidats Americans these kids
will know will be the Legion's
Second A. f. F."
They surge up to the door Of an
old barracks. A cross is at the
gable. An aged padre comes. He
unlocks the door. The children fol-
low him in.
Above the rim Of the high hill,
far up and away from the valley and
the PADRES class, the trees show
gaunt in the gray light of the late
afternoon.
The sun is going to sleep behind
the Chemin des Danes.
Tomorrow: Wars Sears.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-04-26
IN NEW YORK

New York, April 26.-Since the
urchin of Manhattan will never know
the joys of sneaking under circus
tents or many another thrill known
to any kid Of the small town back
lots, he has invented variations on
the theme of getting in for nothin',"
In front of the movie theatres Of
Ninth avenue and, through many
arteries of the East Side, small
queues of youngsters may be seen
standing in solemn line. The kid at
the front end of the line gets the
first chance. He waits until ticket
purchaser comes up and then pleads:
"Hev, please take me in, mister!"
If he is turned down he loses his
place in the lire and must 60 to the
back Of the line and start all over
again. Thus it goes, and If it ap-
pears that there will be little hope
Of crashing the gate the youngsters
try their next racket.
This consists Of stopping any
passerby and saying: "Hey, mister,
I've got nine cents for q movie, gim-
me a penny and make it ten." Gen.
orally this works and is kept up until
a necessary sum has been raised.
Such methods lack the healthy
sense Of adventure to be found in
the tent crawling and fence climb
ing Of the small town. There is no
more sniveling and whining heggar
to be found anywhere than the aver
age street gamin Of Manhattan.
While there are scores that du.
plicate the struggling youngsters Of
the Horatio Alger tales, almost any
side streets finds couple Of tod
dlers giving pretty fair imitation
Of dyed-in-the-wool beggar. Some
Of these are carefully trained for
their beggary and just % carefully
dressed for the part by schemine
relatives who send the youngsters
forth.
One Of the most pathetic young.
sters among "the seven million" u 4
little one-armed lad, shout six OF
seven years old, who goes through