davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Soviet Russia After Ten Years
Report of the American Trade Union Delegation to USSE2

from the general opinion and the best eco
nomc interests Of the wage-earning class. The
control of the Communist Party rests funda-
mentally on the support of the workers and
peasants, and the party does not wish to sup
press members of these two groups, since in
so doing it would arouse formidable opposi-
ton. The same considerations do not apply
to members of the former bourgeois class and
to independent professionals. These groups
are viewed with suspicion by the government
and are not given the opportunity of collective
criticism while individual criticism is danger
Gus for them. The reason for such suppress
sion is the fear on the part of the government
that these groups would either stir up re-
bellion or create an anti-Communist party.
Attendance at religious service is per-
fectly free for all, although the general in
fiuence of the Communist Party is thrown
against religion Christian churches cannot,
however, give organized religious instruction
to minors under the age of Is years. although
the Mohammedans are allowed to instruct
their children beginning with the fourteenth
year. The reason for this discrimination is the
favorable attitude of the Mohammedan faith
towards the revolution 1t should be realized
that the Greek Catholic Church, which in
cludes the vast majority of Christian believers
in Russia has never greatly developed the re-
ligious instruction of the young. This restric-
ton, therefore, is not such great alteration Of
the former conditions for the Greek church
as might be imagined, but it does, of course,
distinctly lessen the power of the church to
make future converts. The Roman Catholic
Church did carry on religious instruction prior
to the revolution among its limited constitu-
ency, and its work has accordingly been some
what hindered. On the other hand, many of
the Protestant dissenting sects have been
given freedom of worship which they did not
formerly possess. The members of the dis
senting sects, moreover give a considerable
amount of religious instruction in the home.
1t is true that quite large number of priests
were imprisoned by the government, especial
ly in the early years Of the revolution. Some
of these were thrown into prison because of
their political activities, and few doubtless
because of their popularity and influence upon
their parishioners.
Members of religious sects which have been
historically opposed to war are not compelled
to bear arms, but are required to give alterna-
tive service If they refuse this and take the
absolutist position, they are imprisoned for
rather long periods of time. Those who are
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
CIVIL LIBERTIES

No opposition party is permitted in Russia,
nor any paper which attacks the fundamental
principles of Communism. Active opponents
of the existing regime are not allowed to adj
dress public meetings All books pamphlets,
moving pictures and programs have to be
passed on by the department of censorship
in the Comnlissariat Of Education, and any
material which attacks the fundamental prin-
ciples of Communism is not allowed to be pre-
sented. We tell the Communists that we OBJ
ject to this suppression as an offense against
democracy and they reply that the capitalist
class in so-called democratic countries does not
permit the rights of free press, free speech
and free assembly to. the workers whenever
the latter become strong and class-conscious !;
that having suffered great hardships to intro
duce socialism, they do not intend to have the
success of the revolution imperied by permit
ting the remnants Of the old regime to agitate
for its restoration that, indeed, no class
which is in power willingly permits itself
peacefully to be displaced by another.
Put while organized opposition to the sys-
tenn is not permitted great deal of criticism
by individuals is nevertheless allowed. Peas
ants and workers are free in the main to criti-
cize the government for its policies. A num-
Der of papers are printed primarily for the
peasants, and wide network of correspond
ents not only send in news but offer sharp
criticisms of action taken by the government.
The peasants are subject to virtually no sup
preston; the urban workers are almost equally
free Every industrial or commercial estab-
Ishment Of any size has its wall newspaper,
and this generally contains criticisms of the
administration of that enterprise. There are
also workers life columns in practically all Of
the newspapers, to which approximately $780,
600 correspondents contribute criticisms. Rep
resentatives of the government and of the in
dustrial enterprises frequently report to work.
ers' factory meetings, where they are subject
to criticism by the workers.
The Communists say that such criticism is
very useful to them, since it reveals whether
or not particular policy is in harmony with
the workers desires, and thus enables them
to prevent their policy from diverging too far
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

dom which has been given them by the revolu-
ton.
To put down all opposition which may
threaten the government largely relies both
upon prosecutions in the criminal courts and
upon the State Political Department (G.P.U),
the secret service Of the government which
gathers evidence against persons suspected Of
political offenses. When conditions are normal
this evidence is presented to the criminal
courts, where a regular public trial is carried
cut. But when the political conditions are
greatly disturbed and the government fears
a possible attack by foreign powers or plots
organized by spies in the pay Of foreign gov
ernments, then, by special order Of the Central
Executive Committee, the G. P. L. is given
the right not only to arrest but also to try
all those whom they suspect of seeking to
overthrow the soviet form of government
They must, however, notify the Procurator of
the Supreme Court as soon as an arrest has
been made. The defendant at these G. P T.
trials cannot be represented by a lawyer of
his own choice, but only by a government Of
fetal, namely the Procurator of the Supreme
Court of the Republic or his deputy The de-
PENDANT does not have the free right to call
W1GuSSSSS Ill HIS U6udlI, anu Inc Same DOQE Is
at once accuser and judge. The procedure of
the G. P. U. for political offenses which come
under its control is indeed almost identical
with that practiced by our Department Of La
Dor in deporting aliens, where the same adj
ministrative body is at once prosecutor and
Judge, although, of course the punishments
are hardly comparable. General supervision
over the G. P. U. is exercised by the Central
Executive Committee of the L. S. S. r.
The punishment for counter revolutionary
offenses is severe. Appeal from decisions of
the G. P. L. can be taken to the Central Exc
cutive Committee, but this is almost useless in
cases where the Central Executive Committee
has already approved the sentence 1t is mani
fest that such a system lends itself to many
grave abuses Thus, in the case Of the 20
monarchists executed in June, 1927, the Cen
trail Executive Committee approved the eXecu-
lions in advance, after an examination of the
written evidence submitted by the G. P. U.
Most Of those to be executed were already in
prison but others were not, and these were ar
rested by the G. P. L., which then again re-
viewed the evidence, but did not allow them
to produce witnesses in their defense. Menjin-
ski, the head of the G. P. u, claimed that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

these man were Given +lo ,,ic+L+ - r7,,,oI 49,,
more to the Conf,al voctiIa ra,l,it+a ~
that thew did NOT avail tbe,,oI,ar az ~
rortunitv He did MOI da,,+, -. az, ~
few Of those avoc,,tod ,9,i@,I+ Iol.,
rps+od friad corT,ic+od a-,d .,hn+ 80 r.
snaca If 4,,,e1ro bo,,s HI, -
that in such oaso evidence ,a,,II ba1a -
,oodv boan nodo, a..
hans oven ,oars Nee, H.
avecr+ions r,o,,+io,od
Indecent s,nod and foiI - ,o 49, 1891
q ,,,,o,,o,. co,,oo ~ ,Iof,,d 4,,-oI,,a. 80,
of tbeso fac+s and roo.a,Ia of 49, a,,oa
ton, We believe that such procedure is wrong,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

not members of such pacifistic sects are not
even given the opportunity of alternative ser
vice, but are imprisoned if they refuse to
serve. This is a similar principle to that fol-
lowed during the war by the British and
American governments, which offered alter
native service to Quakers and other members
of pacfistic groups, but did not recognize the
right of people conscientiously to refuse all
war service A number of the followers of
TolStoy have been imprisoned or exied for
long periods either because of refusing to bear
arms or because of their participation in the
lnon-resistance movement.
The great masses of the people, however,
have infinitely more political freedom than
they had under the czarist regime. They elect
the members of the soviets which are respon-
sible to them. They can thus influence the
decisions Of the government to degree which
was formerly impossible
Western liberals and those opposed to the
Soviet government frequently confuse political
freedom with real freedom. The former is a
Ipart of the latter, but without economic free
dom it does not greatly benefit a man. The
Russian workers possess this economic free
dom to a degree enjoyed by the workers of
no other country. Thus they cannot be dis
charged from employment without the con-
sent of their own representatives, and are
therefore free from the fear Of unjustified
dismissal which constantly haunts the work
ers elsewhere. Their representatives are also
members of the governing bodies Of the ma
tons industry, and help to determine its pol
icy. The managers of the factories and work
shops must be satisfactory to them. They are
also free to criticize the factory administra-
ton at any time or at any point. They fix
by collective bargaining the pay and the con-
dition of their work. The managers are COM
PEELED to explain the major problems of the
business to them. Their help is actively So
licited in improving production The mills,
mines and natural resources of Russia are
theirs to make of them what they can AS
production increases they and the peasants re-
ceive the full product, without any deduction
| for rent or profits. There is no parasitical
leisure class to waste without earning and to
stir up envy.
Because of such freedom as this, the work
ers naturally do not particularly resent the re-
| fusal of the government to allow them the
privilege of voting for capitalist party which
would take away most of this economic free
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
French Miners Demand
Better Hours andW ages

PARIS, (FP), (By maiD. Re-
ports made to a recent meeting of the
general council of the French Miners
Union showed that the mine owners,
who made big profits during the war
period and later, are now trying to
maintain profitable production by ter
rorizing their employees into high
speed work.
Safety measures are neglected, all
modernization is refused, and serious
accidents are occurring in conse-
quence. The council voted vigorous
demand for immediate reforms, with
naturalization that would give the
miners a fair chance to earn a fair
wage.
In general, the conditions disclosed
were even worse than those in the
backward mines in Great Britain.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Death Penalty for White
Guard UkraiTlian Bandits
Who Murdered FOrty-five

MOSCOW, Nov. 2. - Gen. Sere-
briakov, who fought first with the
old imperial army, then with the
White Guards was sentenced to
death today for ordering Commu-
lists shot while he was serving in
the anti-Bolshevist forces. In 1920
Serebriakov joined the staff of Gen.
Korniloff.
KIEV, Russia, Nov. 2. -- Seven
members of a White Guard Ukraine
bandit gang were sentenced to
death today after 35 of the outlaws
had been convicted of 70 robberies
and As murders.
The other % were given prison
terms of from five to ten years.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
TROOPS
USED TO ENFORCE
BIG WAGE SLASH
New Wave of Terror as
Unrest Grows

GENEVA, Switzerland, Oct. %.
(By aiD.-Armed fascist troops are
being used in industrial centers thru
out Italy to enforce the twenty per
cent wage cuts recently decreed by
Mussolini, refugees here state.
Instructions have been sent to local
fascist officers ordering them to keep
armed troops in readiness for spora-
die outbreaks. Troops are being dis
played, reports state, in every village
and town in the country.
Prisoners Mysteriously Silent.
Alarm is also expressed over the
silence Of political prisoners who have
been deported to various barren
islands in the Mediterranean. Rela-
tives Of political prisoners who have
applied to the Fascist government for
information have been informed that
there is nothing to report.
With the growing unrest against tina
fascist regime, a new reign of terror
has broken out. The number of OPP
ponents Of the fascist dictatorship
who have been found mysteriously
murdered has reached alarming pTNs
portions.
Prisoners Brutaly Treated.
Jais, particularly in Milan, are
crowded with political prisoners who
are bratally treated and virtually
starved. Three, four and often five
prisoners are crowded into tiny cells
in the iails Of Milan.
Streets are dragged after ten at
night and passers-by are jailed with
out further inquiry.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Chinese Delegation
To Russia Predicts
Triumph Of Masses

MOSCOW, Nov. 1.-The Chinese
revolution is not defeated and its
temporary reverse has only tenn
pered the will of the Chinese
masses for ultimate victory, de-
clared the chairman Of the Chinese
labor delegation to the celebra-
tions of the Tenth Anniversary of
the Bolshevik revolution, on the ar
rival of thirteen members of the
delegation here today.
The delegation was met at the
station by representatives of trade
union and Communist Party organ
izations and also many members
of other foreign delegations. The
spokesman for the Chinese work
ers, in responding to the welcome
said: "The victory of the Chinese
October is not far off and the Chi
nese proletariat will follow in the
footsteps Of the proletariat of the
Union Of Socialist Soviet Repub-
lies"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
France May Grant u. S.
Lower Tariff Pending
Permanent Agreement

PARIS, Nov. 2. - A move towards
adjustment of the tariff dispute be-
tween the United States and France
was taken today when the cabinet APP
proved the text Of a note replying to
Americas latest communication on the
subject. The draft was submitted by
Minister of Commerce Bokanowski,
who is directing the negotiations on
behalf of France. President Doumer-
que presided at the cabinet meeting.
1t is understood that the note speci-
fies Frances terms for a provisional
agreement pending the conclusion Of
a new commercial treaty
America, it is said, will be accorded
the same tariff treatment she received
before the Franco-German agreement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Hathy Government
Silently Sanctions
Anti-S2mitiC Riots

BUDAPEST, Nov. 2.-The White
Guard Magyar students have an
nounced their intention of clearing all
Hungarian universities Of Jews.
Many Jewish students have sue
ceeded in remaining in number Of
the universities, tho subjected to
stoning No effective police meas
ures have been taken to curb the anti
Semitic riots.
The Horthy government has dis
played little interest in the anti
Semitic demonstrations which have
succeeded in driving Jewish students
from the Budapest Institute Of Tech
nology and the Debreczen University.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
German Farmers Send
Delegates to Moscow
For Tenth Anniversary

BERLIN, Oct. IS. (By MaiD The
German Farmers League is organic
ing farmers delegation for the cele-
brations of the tenth anniversary of
the Russion Revolution to be held in
Moscow.
Enough money has already been
collected to send fourteen delegates to
the celebrations. Two of the four
teen who will go, it is understood, are
Communists.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Member of Ex-Austrian
Royalty Kills Old Man

BERLIN, Nov. 2. Prince Otto
Windisch-Graetz, great grandson of
the late Emperor Francis Joseph, of
the old Austro-H Hungarian Empire,
was arrested today after his automo-
bile had run down a Is year old man.
Prince Windisch-Graetz was in
volved early last year in the Hungar-
ian plot to counterfeit French money.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Captured Yaqui Indians
To C0IOnize Govt. Land

MEXICO CITY, Nov. 2. - Nine
hundred Yaqui Indians, who have been
mustered into service, will arrive in
Mexico City from Sonora on Sunday,
it was announced today. These Yaquis,
taken prisoners, will probably be sent
to Yucatan to colonize government
lands. Others have been given duties
as servants about garrisons.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
HAWAIIAN STRIKE
LEADER FORMING
FILIPINO union
ALL. Bureaucrats Had
Failed to Admit Them

SAN FRANCISCO. Cal, Nov 3
Underpaid Filipino laborers on the
Pacific coast are rallying in great
numbers to the newly organized Fill
Pine Labor Union of America, which
is spreading its appeal broadcast thru
out the western states.
The organization, begun a few
weeks ago under the direction of
Pablo Manlapit, reports steady in
crcases in membership. Manlapit
declares that within the next few
months the union will become a gen
eral force for raising wages and bet
tering the conditions of the Filipino
workers here.
Lead Hawaiian Strike.
Despite the fact that he has been
only a few months in this country,
Manlapit has become an important
factor in the life Of the Filipinos on
the Pacific coast. He is we'll known
for his leadership of the great sugar
strike of 1924 among the Filipino and
Japanese workers in the Hawaiian
Islands. Manlaplt plunged INTO I'M
mediate activity upon his arrival in
the United States, he established con-
tact with the Filipinoes in California
and Washington, many Of whom were
old friends Of his, and used these as a
nucleus to build a Filipino labor or
ganization.
Framed Up
| Manlapit's presence in the United
States is n result Of his leadership
Of the sugar strike in the Hawaiian
Islands. He was framed up and inn
prisoned there. The frame-up was Of
such fragrant character that the Man
lapit case became notorious in the
Hawaiian Islands, in the Philippines
and thruout the United States. Let
ters poured in to the governor of
Hawaii demanding his release. He
served his full minimum sentence,
however, and even then was granted
parole only on condition that he leave
the Hawaiian Islands and come to the
| United States.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Foreign Loans in Last
Month Over S265, 100000

WASHINGTON, Nov. 2. - Foreign
loans floated in the American invest
ment market during October totalled
$685., 100000, the Department Of Com
merce announced today. The total
was greater than that of any other
October in history except in 1916.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

The question Of opposition parties and
democracy" raised in this installment of
the trade union delegation report is dis
cussed in the editorial columns of today's
issue of The DAILY WORKER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

The following is the twelfth nstalment of the re-
port of the first American Trade Union Delega-
ton to Soviet Russia in the words of the delega-
ton. The report will be published in The DAILY
WORKER in successive issues until completed.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03

(The full report of the American Trade
Union Delegation to Sovjet Russia, as pub
H8hed here by courtesy of International
Publishers, can also be obtained IN book
form at all b0okStoreS.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
DRIVE ON LABOR IN LISBON.

LONDON, Nov. 1.-THE Portuguese
cabinet closed up labor headquarters
in Lisbon today, said Central News
Dispatch from Lisbon this afternoon.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Marines to Supervise
Municipal Elections
In Nicaragua Sunday

MANAGUA, Nicaragua, Nov. 2. -
American marines will Supervise" the
polls at the municipal elections here
on Sunday. The marines will be COM
manded by Captain Gilbert Hatfield,
who played a prominent part in the
battle of Ocotal in which several hun
dred Nicaraguans were killed.
The presidential elections next year
will also be supervised" by marines.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
DEATH PENALTY IN GERMANY

BERLIN, Nov. 2.--The proposal to
abolish the death penalty in Germany
failed today. The Reichstag Judicial
Committee decided to favor retention
of the death penalty for extreme
crimes.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-03
Framed Up

BUY THE DAILY WORKER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-01-02

the help of Daniel Webster himself
"a thing easily done in these days
of spiritualism and mediums. Be-
tween us and with little assistance
from the shades of Prof. Longfellow.
Emerson, Emmanuel Kant. and few
other bygone scholars. the following
answers were put together.
The first question asked for an ex-
PLANTATION of the difference between
element and compound matter. Web
ster wrote the answer to this as fol
lows:
1.-THE difference between element
and n compound matter is of so nice
character involving SO delicate a
distinction between things in esse and
things in posse that the prudent in
vestigator would prefer rather to
leave it to the Acandid judgment of
posterity than rudely to obscure that
which he could not illuminate"
I felt that this answer exactly hit
the mark, and Emerson and Longfel-
low both said it was fine, though
Longfellow thought 1t a little short.
Kant thought 1t suffered somewhat
from over clearness.
The second question asks for eX-
planatory note on Electron, Mole
cule and Atom. This / was able to
answer at once by myself, the appeal
to the recollection Of my classical edu
cation being quite obvious: thus
This question refers evidently to
the Electron of Sophocles. In this
immortal masterpiece of gloom, Eiec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-01-02

myself and others-who all had the
same.
1t seemed a first-class education
of money, but in return 1t was sup
posed to fit me to earn a living and
it contained also sections built on an
older model that was supposed to fit
me to die.
Neither of these parts of my edu-
cation has been altogether success.
And it is especially when l think Of
such things as radio and the atomic
theory and ohm.s law that / feel left
behind and out of it. i don't know
il Webster and Emerson came to feel
this same way, but no doubt they
did.
1t was in this chastened frame of
mind that I was looking over recent
number of one of the radio maya
zines, fascinated at my" own igno-
rance, when all of sudden my eye
lighted upon something that I under
stood. 1t was an examination paper
one set apparently by the American
Radio College for beginners in radi-
opathy. Now. if there was one thing
on which we went strong in the Vic
torian days it was in setting and
answering of examination papers.
So as soon as / saw this examina-
ton paper, | set myself, by an ire
sistible instinct, to bring to bear the
whole force of my education in an
swering it. In the case of one or two
questions, / thought well to call in