davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-08-07
Jhe ability TO brinqa
PLANE backtoHe
bEAcH safely is sr
important part OF HE
'STUDENTs lesson

, under various conditions, and he is ad
vanced to the extra specialties that
| give him still further confidence. Pilot.
| ing plane for machine gunner to
| fire at toWed sleeve is not much
| fun and is said to be most monotonous,
but it is excellent practice, as are nav
! isation flights over the surrounding
| countryside under test conditions.
The course is % hours, 10 Of which
are in the plain with dual instruction
and 10 hours with special training of
various kinds, in order to familiarize
them with the usual work required of
all naval aviatorS. A close watch is
kept on all the students, not merely
from day to day, by the instructor as
signed to them regularly, but by diff.
Ierent members of the staff of the
flight school under Comdr, F. H. Mo-
lony. These officers frequently sit out
on the beach and observe the erratic
conduct of their young charges in
the air or comment favorably on some
promising pupil who seems to be
making a good landing.
Coming in too hot" for example,
IL one OF the seven deadly sins, as a
fast landing is apt to smash up the
pontoon of a plane and make it neces-
sary to have a few days in the shop.
Or an instructor will sit out on an
old truck and watch a plane soaring
over the station and comment bitterly:
Gee, they come over high. Those
babies are afread Of the buildings, but
they don't seem to remember about
those fish stakes" Interpreted, this
means that unless the pupil manages
to land within a certain area near the
hangar, he will find himself out in
the water where the fishermen have
their stakes, and since these are al
most invisible until one is quite near
them, disaster is apt to occur in their
vicinity.
As each plane prepares to hop off,
a man specially detailed as a time
keeper puts down the essential re-
marks of the flight, including the
name of the pilot and passenger, time
of departure, the time due in again,
and any remarks. The chart carried
by this man also has a clock at the
top. and all this information is then
chalked up on q large blackboard out |
side the Office. In this way it Is pos
sible to keep close track of each plane,
and no joyriders need hope to stay |
away without notice.
incidentally, this recalls story told !
OF hight squadron down at kelly |
Field that had a problem Of flying to |
a certain town and return. The in !
structor went along to see that every |
thing was in order and according to
rules, but when the pupils arrived at |
the rendezvous, there was no sign
Of him. They therefore shot back a
wire to the air school, ''All students
arrived OK. but instructor missing"
AS it happened, a fog had come
up. so that the wary Instructor was
taking no chances. and landed EN-
route. later returning to the base.
which was the right and wise pro-
cedure. But his cocky young pupils
were very much pleased with them
selves for making the grade, and not
less SO on their return to the school.
where they found that their telegram
was posted on the Bulletin board to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-08-07
RUGGLES ORIENTNTOR in act'oN

solo. OF course, he has the comfort
of knowing that if he doesn't show
up in a reasonable length Of time the
fight duty officer will send out relief
planes to guide him back to the home
hangar. But in that case the instruc'
tor may mark him: "Erratic and much
worse than yesterday. Watch him,
as he seems to be dubious material.
1885," Or would they even bust"
him, as the operation Of removing him
from the class is Familiarity termed?
OF course, there are a few other
things he must have at his finger tips,
mere elementary items that a lad of
IA can learn in a couple of lessons, to
hear their fathers tell it around the
hangers. The ailerons, for example,
are moved when you push the stick
sidewise and the plane is banked. so
n left bank. and SO on. 1t is all per-
fectly simple on the ground.
nNE helpful asset is the telephone
~ arrangement that links up the
pupil with the teacher, so that the
latter can issue instructions as re-
quired, and offer words of praise, If
any. mere IL Ollly oiic siibHI VI q :"
back, from the standpoint of the
pupil, and that is that he is equipped
merely with earphones. and thus the
flight instructor can make comments.
and there is no comeback. Not that
there would he any, Of course.
As an example, take the student
who is out in a seaplane, as he nm
ishes off what has been rather nice
flight around the bay.
The flight instructor seems to be
VERY we'll pleased and says encourag-
ingIy through the telephone. Pretty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-08-07
FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS MAKING up
CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS

flyers are trained in. to drag his
field"
This means that they are taught to
circle about field few times in
order to regain the proper sense of
adjustment to the eyes. as after an
extended flight of several hours, the
pilot is deficient in that sense Of ad.
justment from the air to the ground.
and his observation must be restored
before he attempts to make his
landing.
At any rate, "Shorty" forgot all
this and as he came on down he saw
that he was due to hit a couple of
telegraph poles. BY heroic endeavor,
he managed to drive just between
them and thus cut off both wings of
his plane, which skated along until
it bounded up to a country store and
landed full on the porch.
The astonished owner and villagers
rushed out and the pilot made what is
considered the classic remark, "A
package of cigarettes, please
Presence of mind is a great asset
in aviation, and the young officer who
exhibits even the possibility of its
possession is highly appreciated. and
to a far greater extent than the err
ratio genius who can solo in an in
Credible Time, Out WHO is SeiuoiH DUE
to show steady improvement two days
running. Such a man is soon eliml-
mated from the course, as his presence
is a menace to the instructor, who
has the dubious pleasure of flying
with him. as we'll as to the plane he Is
permitted to use.
X Y \
IN the advanced training they
l. usually "check out" the pupil at
five hours, but with the primary
course he is given around 10 hours
to qualify. Only the best of the lot
stand a chance for the Pensacola
course which again starts the man
at scratch. The report of the flight
instructor of each student Is marked
up after every hop in the confidential
report book, and check flight by
another instructor every few fights
so that it may not seem biased, as
well as to offer suggestions for the
improvement of any particular faults
that need special coaching.
AS the training advances. and as
the student passes check after check
flights. he gains confidence in him
self and in his handling Of the plane
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-08-07
STUDENT AvIATORS
drilled in 6OMbING
Exercises

chance to take off for his initial hop
in a Government plane.
| During the World War it was
learned that only 3 per cent of the
total number Of crashes were caused
by the skill and strategy of the
enemy, but that no less than 80 per
cent of all crashes We're due to the
bad health of the pilots themselves.
With this set of alarming statistics in
hand, the physicians of France, Great
Britain and the United States put
their heads together and decided to
eliminate the unfit pilot before he en-.
dangered his own life or those of his
passengers.
The flight surgeons not merely in
vestigated his heart. his lungs, his
eyes, ears, and a few essentials like
that. but they put him in different
kinds of machines to see what he
would do when he became cold, or
drowsy or frightened. Then, il he
still survived, they began digging back
into the sort Of life he had led as a
! boy, to see what his reaction to anger
or other impulses had been, as such
tests had been found to be of value
in determining how a pilot might be
expected to act in an emergency at
{; ceiling Of ten or twelve thousand
feet, when the motor suddenly ''cut
on him." and prompt action was re-
CURED to make safe landing.
Thus the young man who enters
the indOctrinatiOn course Of flight
training at Hampton Roads or the
preliminary Army course at Brooks
Field may be assured that he is a
specimen of almost perfect health. He
may also he equally assured Of the
continued and attentive interest of
the fight surgeon in charge Of the
students, who is said to be able to
tell almost at a glance just which of
his young charges has been overriding
it at parties.
In fact, it has been humorously
stated by those who know that a
fight surgeon has more power than
an admiral, since he can bleach" the
latter without an argument if, in his
professional opinion, the health Of the
latter makes him unfit for flight.
X X
MYTH the dark clouds Of the
w physical examination happily
over, the prospective aviator finds
himself seated on long bench rs he
waits his turn in one of the training
planes with his personal instructor.
He has attended classes with his fell
about the planes on the ground and
had such items as the stabilizer con-
troll device and the two magnetos and
the air-speed meter pointed out to
him.
He has discovered that the famous
10y stick" now merely called the
stick" is the rudder bar and that
the expression giving her the gun"
means that one pushes forward a
round knob marked with a big ''T''
that stands for throttle" About this
time he also begins to wonder IL he
might not have chosen pair of
crossed dumbbells for coat OF arms.
especially as the instructor seems to
take it for granted that he is going
TO understand that dope about adj
iusting your horizontal stabillZer
when the plane is in flight so that
when the plane seems to be nose.
heavy and so on.
Well. the first 80 hours are always
the hardest. and anyway the training
buses are constructed with dual con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-08-07

w YHEN the President reviewed |
n | the United States feet at |
wv Hampton Roads, a few
weeks ago, one of the |
most thrilling as well as
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08
is MOTHERHOOD A PART-TIME JOB?

The recent assertion by Lady Rhond-,
da that motherhood Is ne llooH1ger
profession but but Only a part-time job,
has aroused widespread discussion
among women throughout England
and America. Lady Rhondda's COM
ment was made to well-to-do English
women, who presumably can turn over
many of the countless details of home
making to efficient servants. But she
insists that it applies also to Ameri-
can women, of whom 80 per cent do
their own homework.
If Lady Rhondda is right, or even
partly right, then the whole scheme of
things must be readjusted, says Sophie
Kerr in the Woman's Home Compan-
ion. Girls who hate housework and
have no aptness for it, girls who have
work that they love and are loath to
relinquish, girls with talents and abil-
tiles that If used would benefit the
world-most Of them want to marry,
and most of them want to have chill
dren, too, Miss Kerr thinks. That is
only normal and right and healthy.
But they have got to understand that
the business office is not geared to per-
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

A vigorous protest against private
meddling in public matters is made by
The North american ReVieD In an edi-
torial which does not mention in so
many words Senator Borah, nor ex-
Governor Cox, nor a number Of Co.
lumbia University professors, nor Mr..
F. w. Peabody, but which might we'll
be taken to heart by those gentlemen
as we'll as many others. 1--WE have"
it says, "no objection to American cit
liens expressing themselves as freely
as they please, merely as citizens, to
each other and to their Government.
But for men whom foreign peoples
have reason to regard-though incor-
rectly-as authentic opponents Of pub
lie opinion if not of official purpose,
such as a former candidate for the
presidency, or what not, to go abroad
and tell those foreign peoples in their
own capitals that the policy of the
American Government toward them is
not approved by the American nation
and will never be executed or enforced,
is an improperly so fragrant as to be
incapable of adequate Characterization
without the use Of language more fore
ible than polite.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

nit motherhood among the women who
work in it. Maybe some time it will
be, but as things are now, worker
cannot drop out for six to eighteen
months and come back to find her job
waiting for her.
That is the plain truth Of 1t, as Miss
Kerr sees it, with none of the usual
solemn warning about woman's duty
to the race or sentimentalizing over
the joys of motherhood. The business
girl at present must choose which is
worth more to her,-one good office
job, or one good family job.
1t used to be, when girl married,
that she undertook only one job, and
that with pleasure. 1t was compli-
Gated job, as anyone knows who has
swept, cooked, washed, scrubbed, sew
ed and mended, made pickles and pre-
serves, and done the million other
things which the routine Of even a
small household required twenty to
thirty years ago.
Most of the devices that make house
work easier had not then been invent
ed. Even in large communities water
often came from the pump outside the
house; the house was heated by sew
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08
Branch Banks

i The feature of the bill which has
been the subject of greatest interest
is that relating to branch banks. The
opposition to branch banking undeni-
ably is very strong, and representations
have been commonly made that this
bill would open up the country to a
great extension of that system. In
truth it does nothing of the kind. It
only provides that in States where
banks and trust companies operating
under State charters are authorized
by law to have branches the National
banks may have that privilege, al
though with certain limitations. This
and other provisions of the act are
for the purpose of placing National
banks upon an equality with State
banking institutions in respects where
in the latter have had greater free
dom of action. The consideration had
become important, for under the pres
sure of competition National banks
in considerable numbers were surren-
dering their charters and joining the
State systems.
The National banks are the back
bone of the Federal system. They
supply 65.5 per cent of the capital,
against 34.5 supplied by State banks
and trust companies, and 61.5 per cent
of the reserve deposits, against 1874
supplied by the State institutions.
Their membership is compulsory,
while the membership of State insti-
tutions is optional, the Congress be-
ing without authority to compel them
to join.
Under the new act, whether a State
shall have branch banking or not de-
ponds wholly upon its own laws. If
branches are lawful under State char
tiers they will be lawful under the
National bank act. A national bank,
however, may not have a branch out
side of the city in which its main
office is situated, or within the limits
OF any city, town or village of which
the population by the last decennial
census was less than $4,000. No more
than one such branch may be thus
established where the population does
NOT exceed oU,UUU; and not more than
two such branches where the popu1a-
ton does not exceed 10000. Where
the population exceeds 100000 the de-
termination of the number of branches
shall be within the discretion of the
Comptroller of the Currency. These
restrictions apply to national banks re-
gardless of the provisions of State
laws as to State banks.
The act does not alter the present
status of State banks belonging to the
Reserve system, except that after its
approval no State bank may acquire
branches outside the city, town orr
village in which the parent bank is
located without surrendering its menu
bership in the Reserve bank.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

passed the House, and adopted the
foregoing by a vote of AZ to 0. The
membership of the Senate numbers
50.
Eligibility of Paper Based on Farm
| Products
The declarations are entirely in err
ror in stating that farm products are
not eligible as a basis of credit at the
Reserve banks. 1t is difficult to I'M
derstand how such statement could
be made, as paper based upon farm
products has as high degree of eligi-
bility as any other class of paper.
Furthermore, it is especially favored
in that it may have a term of six
months instead of three months, the
latter being the limit for paper based
upon other products. Section la of
the Federal Reserve Act defines the
classes of paper eligible to rediscount
at the Reserve banks, and this section
is reproduced herewith in full:
l3a. Upon the endorsement of any of
it's member banks, which shall be deemed
waiver of demand. notice and protest
by such bank as to it's own indorse-
ment exclusively. any Federal reserve
bank may discount notes. drafts and
bills of exchange arising out of actual
commercial transactions; that is. notes.
drafts. and bills of exchange issued or
drawn for agricultural, industrial, or
commercial purposes. or the proceeds
of which have been used or are to be
used, for such purposes. the Federal Re-
| serve Board to have the right to de-
termine or define the character of the
the meaning of this Act. Nothing in
this Act contained shall be construed
to prohibit such notes. drafts. and bills
of exchange. secured by staple agricul-
tural products, or other goods. wares. or
merchandise. from being eligible for such
discount; but such definition shall not
include notes. drafts. or bills covering
merely investment or issued or drawn
for the purpose of carrying or trading
securities. except bonds and notes of
the Government of the United States.
Notes. drafts, and bills admitted to dis
count under the terms of this para
graph must have maturity at the time
of discount of not more than ninety
days. exclusive of days of grace: PRO-
VlDED. That notes, drafts, and bills
drawn or issued for agricultural pur-
poses or based on live stock and having
a maturity not exceeding six months,
exclusive of days of grace, may be dis
counted in an amount to be limited to
a percentage of the assets of the Fed
eral Reserve Bank, to be ascertained and
fixed by the Federal Reserve Board.
The aggregate of such notes. drafts
and bills bearing the signature or in
dorsement of any one borrower, whether
a person. company. firm, or corporation.
rediscounted for any one bank shall at
no time exceed ten per centum of the
unimpaired capital and surplus of said
bank: but this restriction shall not apply
to the discount of bills of exchange
drawn in good faith against actually ex-
listing values.
1t is safe to say that 90 per cent
of the property values existing in New
York city at any given date consist
of real estate, stocks and bonds, all
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08
ssMEDDLESOME MATTY'' AGAIN

"It is beyond doubt highly desirable
for American citizens to acquaint
themselves fully and accurately with
foreign as we'll as domestic affairs,
and it is well for them to make their
opinions and wishes known to their
own representatives in their own Gov
eminent. But it is not we'll for them
to clamor for the conduct Of diplom-
acy in town meeting, or to assume for
themselves the pose and nomenclature
of official agencies. 1t would have to
be an immensely greater Commission
or Council than any that has yet been
formed, that could effect to speak for
the people and Government of Ameri.
ca, without mourning the fate Of the
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

and the vanished surface may be
washed and washed without wearing
down or pealing off. The varnish
besides making the paper waterproof
makes it adhere much more firmly to
the walls, and so withstand both heat
and dampness.
The sunroom illustrated is full of
color and cheer.-the paper is gay
orange, green and cream with bits of
black. The black floor is. linoleum
with orange and green rugs of woven
grass spread upon it. The wicker
furniture is painted green and the
black and vermilion birdcages with
their brilliant feathered occupants add
the last touch of summary brightness
and lovely color. 1t is a pleasant
place to spend ones time, and added
to that is the satisfaction that it will
not soon have to be torn up and re-
furnished.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

Senate thought these figures sufficient
ly pertinent to deserve mention in
the discussion of the foregoing resolu-
| ton.
1t is not difficult to understand what
was occurring in Iowa in 1920 The
state had been passing through per-
iod of imitation, with much borrowing
for various speculative purposes and
the local banks were expanded to the
limit of their lending capacity. De-
posts were at high level because
the products of the State were SELL
ing at very high prices. Prices be-
gan to fall, not alone in Iowa or the
United States, but all over the world.
AS the war and the interruption OF
industry had put up prices, it was
natural that the restoration of peace
and resumption of normal industry,
including the return of millions of
men to the farms, should cause de-
cline of prices. AS the prices of Iowa
products fell, the deposits of Iowa
banks naturally declined, and the
banks found themselves under pres
sure to meet the calls of their de-
positors. They resorted to their Re-
serve bank for assistance and got it
to the extent above shown.
In March, 1920, the deposits of all
the incorporated banks of Iowa
amounted to approximately $1,l23,-
100000 and in December the totals
were $S7s,000,000, decrease of $24S,-
000,00A Between the same dates the
loans of these banks we're reduced
from $953,GO0,000 to $937,000,00O, or
by $16,OOO000. Thus it appears that
of the $24S,0O0,000 net reduction in
deposits only $16,000,CO0 was accom-
plished by reducing loans and $76,OO0,-
900 was accomplished by rediscounts
or loans at the Reserve bank. The
greater part of the remainder was as
complished by borrowing of CORE
spondent banks outside of the State,
especially in, St, Louis, Chicago and
New York, the correspondent banks
supplying the necessary eligible paper
and obtaining the funds of their own
Reserve banks.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chi
cago, which was bearing the brunt OF
this demand from Iowa and had sew
eral other States en- its hands. was
up to the limit on its lending power
and borrowing for the emergency, as
shown by its reports, from the Fed
eral Reserve banks of Cleveland, New
York and Boston. The aggregate Dor
rowings of the Reserve banks OF the
agricultural districts from the Re-
serve banks of Cleveland, Philadel-
phia, New York and Boston, at the
highest point in 1920 exceeded $780,
000,OGO. The Federal Reserve banks
do not have unlimited power to issue
credit; they are limited by the require
ments of the Reserve act to main
tain a certain percentage OF gold to
their liabilities. The fact that the
Western Reserve banks were barely |
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1927-04-08

THE words I'm ak cup" and
women" when used together,
ordinarily provoke a mental image
inspired by the addition Of third
word cosmetics" There is, how
ever, another important kind Of
makeup in which women figure
conspicuously - witness Helen A.
Kostka, who despite her youth is
an expert on advertising makeup
and has to her credit many achieve
ments in this line, with some of the
largest magazines in the country.
The demands of a busy profess
sional career do not leave Miss
Kostka much time for indulging in
the kind of makeup for which d.
rections are given in the cook
books. but she does like to make
ice cream and has given us her best
recipe, the success of which she
says is largely due to the inclusion
of q small quantity Of gelatine