davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

Star Spangled Banner" who spent
many years of his life in Georgetown.
But still the primary purpose of this
| bridge was to carry traffic Art was
an important, but secondary consider
alton.
The Memorial Bridge is the next
step-and a long one. 1t probably IS
| the first bridge in the history Of the
world built primarily as work of art.
! Upon this basis rests its place in archl-
, tectural and engineering history. Its
spans and pylonS are constructed not
alone of steel and granite, but of rods
of dreams and blocks of memories
which, in the final analysis, probably
are more substantial things.
The project is not new. 1t has been
considered from time to time for more
than IS years, before the final appro-
priation was obtained and the plans
were approved. Apparently the first
| suggestion came from Andrew Jack.
son. Daniel Webster in 4th of July
address in 1851, said:
Before us is the broad and beauti.
full river. separating two of the orig
| inal 10 States, which a late President,
a man of determined purpose and in
| flexible will but patriotic heart, de.
sired to span with arches of ever
enduring granite, symbolic of the
firmly established union of the South
and the North. That President was
Gen. Jackson But stirring and
tragic events were to intervene be-
tween the dream of Old Hickory and
its twentieth century fruition.
Other efforts were made but none
of them ever went further than pre-
liminary studies and the preparation
of different designs. When the Senate
Park Commission, in 1901, reported on
the development of the park system
of the District of Columbia, it sug-
gested for the first time the desira bill
| ity Of placing such a bridge near the
site selected for the Lincoln Memorial,
rather than at a site further upstream.
which h2d been contemplated in all
previous plans for this project. No
further progress was made until the
passage of the public buildings act in
| 1918, whereby an Arlington Memorial
Bridge Commission was created and
| authorized to report back to Congress
a suitable design.
Nine years interviewed before an ap-
| preparation was made which permitted
| this commission actually to function.
| Then the members were allowed $25,-
900 for the work.
At a meeting of this commission
on December 10. 1922, it was decided
that a low-level bridge with a draw
span should be constructed on line
joining the Lincoln Memorial with
| the Lee Mansion. Congress, acting
upon this report. made an appropria-
ton of S14,75o 900 in 1924, to be eX-
pended over a period of 10 years.
The project has many important
features which, taken together, will
make it the greatest memorial under
taking entered upon by any nation in
modern times. The commission, in it's
report to Congress, said:
| LAS the traveller approaches Wash
| ington over the brow of Arlington
Heights in Fort Myer. there will burst
upon him a panorama which has few
! equals in the world. Once seen, it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

will live in the memory of the be.
holder forever, as a perpetual inspira-
ton for loyalty. patriotism and de-
votion to country
X * X
THE actual building of the bridge,
= ready for traffic. will occupy only
five years. 1t should be ready. at the
present rate of progress, in 1880, leav-
ing the last five years for road and
park work. The project is divided
into seven essential parts, as follows:
l. The plaza and roads between the
Lincoln Memorial and the bridge, in.
Guiding the water gate fronting the
Lincoln Memorial.
2. The bridge proper.
3. The park treatment of Columbia
Island and the bridge to the mainland
forming the terminus of the Lee high
way.
4. The parkway extending from
Columbia Island to and including the
main entrance of the cemetery.
s. The treatment of the cemetery.
6. The widening of B street north
west and its extension straight
through the Capitol as an east-west
boulevard.
Z. The widening of Twenty-third
street into a similar northbound boule-
ward from Washington Circle to B
street.
Fer the present, efforts are to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Clash of Views on Slavery District Seen Historic Debate

prudent statesman takes things as he
finds them and endeavors to adapt his
legislation TO the condition of So
ciety.
II cannot vote for this bill present
ed by the chairman of the committee
for the District of Columbia for va
rious reasons. If that bill passes in
its present form there is nothing to
hinder a man from Virginia, in a por-
ton of which slavery is now practi-
cally eXtinguished bringing in his
slaves, or purchasing them at $50
and selling them at $500 to the Gov
eminent. The bill does not prohibit
anything of that kind
Look at slavery in this District
and see the process through which
it is going and / think gentlemen will
be satisfied that if we let it alone, in
10 years or less there will be no
slavery here. One would have sup
posed from remarks of a Senator the
other day that there had been no leg
islation on this subject here. but the
fact is that Congress by law passed
in 1850 makes black man free the
moment he is brought here for sale.
The slave pens and the slave markets
have been abolished and l am told
slave sold here. / am no apologist for
slavery. / am opposed to 1t by preju-
dice and education 1t has destroyed
the Democratic party. and through its
destruction has paved the way to the
destruction of our Government itself.
'"There Is another reason why l
cannot vote for this bill. 1t is that
the Senate has decided against the
principle of colonization. In Indiana
we have settled this question by con-
stitutional provision. Illinois is doing
1t. Ohio will do 1t. in my judgment.
We tell you that the black population
shall not mingle with the white popu-
lation in our States. We tell you
that in your zeal for emancipation
you must ingraft colonization upon
your measure. We intend that our
children shall be raised where their
equals are and not in a population
partly white and partly black: that
they shall see those around them who
are on an equality, and we know that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

the District emancipation bill and said
in part:
Can any man doubt the constitu-
tional power of Congress over this
subject? Have not we, the Congress
of the United States. the right to abol-
ish slavery in this District IL we see
fit? The fundamental law of the land
is broad and clear. We need no ex-
cuse on the subject at all. Congress,
under the Constitution, is gifted with
all power of legislation over this Dis
trict and may do anything in it that
any legislature can do in any State OF
the Union unless expressly restrained
by the Constitution. which gives 1t its
power, and there being a specific grant
of all powers of legislation in this DIS
trict and there being no restraint upon
it which would touch the question, Il
follows as necessity that the constitu-
tional power exists and 1t includes as
well the power to vote money. Sir,
where do we get out constitutional
power to vote money to open streets,
light the streets and build bridges in
this city?
II never heard anybody here in this
District who objected to the exercise
of such powers. The people always
seem to think that the constitutional
PoNcI VI GOHSTeSS Is ample 10 vote
money for the District of Columbia.
Well, sir, if this is a great public
measure. If Congress has come to the
conclusion that the good of the people
of the District and the good OF the peo-
pie OF the country requires that
slavery should be abolished and should
think it reasonable that a certain sum
of money should be appropriated for
that purpose, that Is a constitutional
measure. -
From the earliest period when my
mind was brought to bear on this
question, long before / entered Con-
gress, and from that time to the pres
ent. there never has been a moment
when. if 1t had been in my power,
would not have abolished slavery I'm
the District of Columbia upon the in
slant. AS to the particular mode in
which 1t should be done. that was an
other question. but as to the exercise
Continued on Sixth Page
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

sylvania, in 1890, with less than half
million white population and less than
1000 slaves, did not see proper to
make a sudden and radical change in
her domestic and social systems. 1t
was a statute Of two or three short
sections, preceded by a terse and beau
tiful preamble, portion of which L
shall read:
1--WE esteem it a peculiar blessing
granted to us that we are enabled THIS
day to add one more step to universal
civilization by removing as much as
possible the sorrows of those who
have lived in undeserved bondage. and
from which by the assumed authority
of the Kings of Great Britain no eff
fectual legal relief could be obtained.
Weaned by a long course OF expert
ence from those narrow prejudlces
and partialities we have imblbed. we
find our hearts enlarged with kind
ness and benevolence toward men of
all conditions and nations, and we
concern ourselves at this particular
period to manifest the sincerity OF
our profession and to give substantial
proof of our gratitude. Parsons Di-
gest, page S64.C
Il HIS Is IOllOWcu ny bHo oiiOA| AhA
l. simple sections providing that
slaves born in Pennsylvania, when
they arrived at the age of % years.
should be free The point, however,
is this: Here was State with 100000
white population, with less than 1000
slaves, and that eminent statesman
who it is said drafted the preamble I
have just read did not see fit to change
the condition of things then existing
by sudden law, but left it to work
by that gradual process which
think would be proper for us at this
time to accomplish the result which
gentlemen have in view. The great
misfortune is that we have class
of men in this country who are never
with gradual results. The
history of the world Is full of in
stances of men rushing along and
tearing down in their impetuous
course the pillars of society and ac-
tually retarding the very thing they
aimed to accomplish. A wise and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

equality never can exist between the
two races.
illinois has just migrated a provi-
sion in her constitution which | have
no hesitation in saying, from my
knowledge of her people, represents
their views. 1t is in these words:
Section mo negro or mulatto
shall migrate or settle in this State
after the adoption of this constitution.
Sec. 2-No negro or mulatto shall
have the right of suffrage or hold any
office in this State.
"'Sec. 3-The General Assembly
shall pass all laws necessary to carry
into effect the provisions of this ar
ticie.
1t is now proposed. so far as the
action of the Senate is concerned, to
turn the slaves loose and make the
District of Columbia the receptacle of
the free blacks of the neighboring
States. / am under the i'm
preston that In 1897 Mr. Adams took
the ground that whenever such bill
should be passed by Congress it ought
to be submitted to the people of the
District of Columbia before going into
operation If the legal voters of this
District have any rights at all, if there
DE any subject upon which they should
ne consulted. surely this question of
their domestic policy is one concern
ing which their views ought to be con-
suited.
II do not know any better principle
for my Government than to prosecute
this war and let time, the great ar.
bitter, determine the proper remedies.
There are forces at work which am
willing to allow to operate. = There
are 100000 privates and officers from
the Northern States now in the South
on slave territory. They will see
slavery as it is. not as they hear it
from politicians. You have in the
North 10000 prisoners who were
raised in the South. They will see our
institutions as they are. There are
other elements at work. If / am not
misinformed. 70 men belonging to one
Northern regiment were married in
the State Of Maryland in the last six
months. and / know men from my
State and New York who have bought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

The architecture has been kept
as simple and severe as possible. the
structure depending mainly for its
beauty upon the perfection Of it's gen.
eral proportions and it's adornment
with significant sculptured pieces of
the highest quality of design. The
Washington entrance will be marked
by two pylons, located about 500 feet
from the Lincoln Memorial. Similar
pylons are placed at the entrance to
the shore road and are repeated at
the Virginia entrance. They are AZ
feet high, adorned on the sides with
sculptured groups and appropriate in
scriptions and surrounded by eagles
symbolic of the Nation. These SYM
bols appear also as the only sculptured
ornaments on the sides of the bridge.
where they are shown in the large
disks on both ends of each of the
river piers.
The SCULPTURE on the sides of the four
pylons will represent in different ways
the recognition of the common bonds
and aspirations of the Nation and
the final triumph Of the idea of per-
manent and complete union.
The figures on each end of the piers
of the bridge will represent symbol
cally the outcome of that harmonious
union, the result of the energies Of
the entire country in the arts Of
peace. Thus will be symboliZed the
agricultural, engineering and educa-
tional progress. In the opinion OF the
architect, this sculpture vitaiizes the
entire conception of the design of the
bridge. differentiating this memorial
from all others and making the reason
for it's existence Ineligible at glance.
The center arch of the bridge is
required to be a draw opening, to
permit navigation up and down the
Potomac. The double.leaf bascule form
has been adopted as interrupting to
the least possible degree the unity
of the bridge. In the report of the
commission on the plan, however, tbs
necessity for this is regretted and
hope is expressed that eventually
Congress will permit the substitution
of a masonry arch for this steel arch,
in harmony with the rest of the
structure.
The next step in the project, follow
ing the completion of the main bridge,
is the park treatment of Columbia
Island. The lines of the island shore
have been rectified somewhat to per-
nit a cross axis, almost perpendicular
to the main axis of the bridge and
extending the full length of the island.
The intersection of these two axes
has suggested a plaza. with fitting
architectural adornment, in a measure
supplemental to the Lincoln Memorial
across the river For this purpose
two stately columns are proposed.
framing in with, but not interfering
with, the view Of the Lincoln Memo
rial from the direction of the Lee
Mansion. One of these columns is to
symbolic the North and the other
the South. They will be surmounted
by statues of Victory. Each will be
1866 feet high. or practically of the
same height as the Colonne de Juliet
in Paris
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

ton to the Virginia shore have played
important roles in American history
and each of them, it might be said,
has served as sort of prologue to
the epic now under construction.
Taken one after the other, they repre-
sent the evolution of the bridge dur
ing the past $50 years. For that mat
ter, there was little real progress be-
tween the time of Trajan, who con-
structed a 4,000-foot military bridge
over the Danube in one of his cam
paigns, and the end of the American
Revolution. So the story of thou
sand years is epitomized in the Wash
ington structures.
The first bridge over the Potomac
was constructed by private business
enterprise in 1897, in response to a
long-felt need of Georgetown mer-
chants, in order to secure trade from
the nearby Virginia plantations. 1t
occupied about the same site as the
present Chain Bridge. The early struc'
ture had stone abutments and timber
spans and was rooted in, much after
the fashion of the late bridge at Har-
pers Ferry. This span lasted for
seven years. Then the timber spans
rotted and the structure collapsed. IL
was replaced by another bridge con-
structed on the same plan, but 81 feet
above the level of the river. This
lasted only six months, when its spans
were swept away by a record Spring
freshet, which brought a great jam OF
lumber down the Potomac.
The hackers seem to have given way
to Encouragement for a time, but four
years later a new bridge was built,
supported by iron chains. A large
part of this also was carried away by
a log Jam. A year later the damag-
was repaired. Thus the present Chain
Bridge, which recently has been de-
nounced as unsafe, has an ancient an
cestry. 1t was the first great link be-
tween the North and the South, and
constructed upon an engineering prln-
ciple that was comparatively new at
the time.
The Long Bridge, now occupied by
railroad tracks, was the next in the
historical order. 1t was financed by
sale of stock, after a charter had been
granted by Congress in 1908, and was
open for traffic in 1909. AS a part OF
the opening ceremony, President Madl-
son rode over it in his carriage on his
way to Alexandria. Tracks were laid
across it as a matter of military neceS'
sity during the Civil War.
Both the Highway Bridge and the
old bridge at Georgetown represented
Increased engineering ability to Crap
pie with the problem of spanning riv-
ers. But. of course, they were essen
TALLY unitarian. There was no con-
scious idea of art in them. Such
beauty as they had was inherent in
bridge construction. After all, 1t
would require considerable ingenuity
to construct an ugly bridge. Arches
and spans are matters of mathematl'
cal perfection and perfection does not
lend itself to the production of eye
sores. The ugly bridge probably
would not be safe
X X X X
4 CONSIDERABLE advance toward
the present ideal was achieved in
the building of the new Key Bridge,
/ to the memory of the author of THE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
PHOTOGRAPH by Handy.

did the best they could. /
know, as matter of history, that that
remarkable provision in our Constitu-
ton which continued the slave trade
up to 1903 was not placed in the Con
stitution by the unanimous votes Of
any one section of this country. l re-
member that old Virginia and Della
ware voted against it, and l remember
that Massachusetts voted for it. i
represent, in part. here a people who
belong to no section of this country.
SO far as these ultra questions are
concerned we belong neither to the
North nor to the South. If there be
any portion of this country that Is
loyal and conservative, it is the people
of the State Of Indiana. Perhaps this
results from their geographical posi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

~ ENATOR JOSEPH A. WRIGHT
of Indiana spoke against the
District emancipation bill and
~ Senator William Pitt Fessenden
OF Maine for it, April /, 1862
At the close of Senator Summers
speech, March 81, 1862, favoring free
dom for slaves in the District Sena
torSWright gave notice that he wanted
to speak on the subject, and Senator
Lot NJ morrill, of Maine, chairman of
the Senate District committee and in
charge of the emancipation bill. said:
''Of course I am disposed to give
every opportunity for debate on this
question, but / desire to call the at
tention of the Senate to the fact that
this measure has been greatly pro-
Crastinated and that after
today / shall press this measure upon
the consideration Of the Senate and
ask its action by voting upon it,
This shows you that we come near
the close of congressional discussion
OF negro freedom in Washington. The
emancipation bill was passed by the
Senate. April 3, 1862. and not much
time was given to its passage by the
House. The bill went to, and was
signed by. President Lincoln April 10,
1862.
Senator Wright of Indiana, in the
Senate, April !. 1862, said in part:
II earnestly hoped that when took
my seat here, that during this
trouble, this unnatural strife.
should see my way clear, and in every
vote, in every act, while l was a
member of the Senate, to do some
thing that would tend to the putting
down of this rebellion, and l hoped
that these embarrassing questions
which have disturbed our country for
years, the question involved in this
bin among others. would at least not
be presented in the present unfortu-
nate condition of our country.
II know that your fathers and mine
had trouble in forming the principles
of this Government. This evil which
we have in our land, which is now so
much the subject Of discussion, was
then among us. l believe. in relation
10 it, the founders of this Government
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24

land in Maryland in the last three
weeks. If you will let the Army alone
and not disturb the peace of the coun-
try with questions that have nothing
to do with the prosecution of the war,
all will go well. These are some of
the views that will govern me in my
opposition to this measure If it shall
be pressed to vote
SENATOR WILLIAM PITT FES-
SENDEN Of Maine was the next
speaker. Addressing himself to a reso-
luton pending in the Senate. (which
from the President, tender
ing aid to such States as might see fit
to initiate the policy OF abolishing
slavery in those States" he turned to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
Building of Worlds Most Beautiful Bridge D. S. Memoir

nSrutme Dramf7 5YsWn ymboE Pni
bCnnpho IF TT Snv North IA
Memorials Lee ManioD PnmayP of Great PR
But MorY @rsW Be- Rquredh rCompeion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
BY THE RAMBLER.

- ENATOR JOSEPH A. WRIGHT
of Indiana spoke against the
District emancipation bill and
~ Senator William Pitt Fessenden
ne NTasy1o for nri1 1852
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-24
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

&: :: ::: : : 3: !:
of a 75.year old dream Of the
, 1927-12-08
In The District Court of the Wiz
gin Islands of the United States,
Sub judicial District Of ChriStianSted.
IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE
OF GEORGE ANN JACOBS, DE
CEASED.

NOTICE is hereby given, that the
undersigned executor of the above
~ entitled estate, having filed in the
District Court of the Virgin Islands of
the United States, the final statement Of
his administrator of the estate, the
hearing of same has by Order CT the
Court made under date of 18th Novem-
Der 1927, been fixed for SATURDAY
THE PATH DAY CT DECEMBER 1927
at 10 O'Clock in the forenoon of that
dau, at the Office of the Judge Of
said Court in the Town of Christansted,
Island of St. Croix, and all persons in
terested in the said estate are hereby
notified then and there to appear and
show cause, if any they have, why the
said account should not be settled and
allowed.
Christiansted, St. Croix, this 10th day
of November 1927.
A. E. STAKEMANN,
Executor.
, 1927-12-08
Where will you do your
Holiday Shopping?

THE most logical place is at
i S~TAKEMANN'S STORE, where
there are stocks of everything you
need, buy at one place and save
time and money.
orr Dry-GOods Dept. offers y0u::
Ladies and ChlIdren's Hats from Eng
land, Voiles, Shirtinps, Nainsooks. yell
low Cotton, Yellow Cotton Drill, White
Drill, Sateen, Silk Brocade. Madras,
White Broadcloth, Silk Pongee, RayOn
PopIin, Crepe, Calicos, White Pique,
Cream Serge, Marquisette, Organ lis,
Understands.
orr automobile Dept. Offers:
Top Receivers, Bow Pads. Binding Gimp,
Nails, Duco Body, Nickel Poll Generator
Cut Outs, Steer, Wheel Grips, Horn
Buttons. Horns. Tail Lights, Lub. Oil,
Rad. Hose, etc.
Our Notion Dept. Offers:
Balloons, Tops, Pistols, Bobbed Hair
Combs, Harnonicas, Pocket Knives, etc.
and last but not least, a large collection
of TOYS of every description, and
Christmas and New Year Cards.
Come an and see all the good things.
, 1927-12-08

FROM THE POLICE.

BEGINNING on Saturday Deem
D Der Bro, 1927, the electric Fire
Alarms erected on the Steeple in
Christiansted, and on the Clock
Tower in trederIksted will be oper-
ated every Saturday at noon pre-
ciseIy.
When operated at any other time,
it will signalIze the occurrence of
Fire within the confines of the re-
spectiVe Towns.
Office Of the Director of Police,
F~rederiksted, St. CroiX, V.L.U.S.A.,
December ], 1927.
+. COULTER.
Director Of Police.