davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05

TODD intelligentsia and bourgeoisie
about overcrowding as compared with
the pre-war epoch).
Healthier Conditions.
The larger and much larger hous-
ing accommodation now at the dis
posal of the workers does not cost
them more than the insufficient and
insanitary accommodation at their
disposal prior to the revolution.
Lighting, water, removal of refuse
and the flat itself cost U.S.S.R. work
ers at present not more than their
insanitary and far too small flats
cost them before the revolution
moreover the present real average
earnings are, generally speaking,
equal to pre-war earnings, and in
some cases, they even exceed them).
Anyhow, workers and their families
live now in much healthier conditions
than before. This has been achieved
firstly, by doing away with house
owners profit, and secondly, by fix
ing rent according to earnings.
Czarist Legacy.
On January list 1927, the per
capita housing accommodation, ex-
elusive of kitchens, passages, bath
rooms, etc., was about square
metres per head in U.S.S.R. towns.
Such is the accursed legacy of the
Tsarist-bourgeois order when the
general inadequacy of housing &C
commodation in towns was aggrava-
ted by very generousallotment of
housing accommodation to the bour-
geoisie and aristocracy In accord
ance with credits for new buildings
endorsed by the organs of the Soviet
power, and taking into consideration
increase of population, the aforesaid
per capita housing accommodation
will be increased in four years time
by one square metre lie. by 20 per
cent of the present clear average per
capita housing accommodation in u.
S.S.R. towns). We do not consider
it prudent to promise a bigger in
crease in 1881, as it is essential to
spend in the coming years as much
as can be spared from the revenue of
the country for the development of
industry, agriculture and transport.
A further extension of the aforesaid
plan for improved cultural and hous-
ing conditions must for the time be-
ing remain in allowance
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05

DR.. Mortimer d. Jones, testi-
flying at the Walker hearing
which is delving into the charges
of religious and racial discrim-
ination which three Jewish in
ternes claim is rampant at the
Kings County Hospital, stated
that the Brooklyn hospital is I'M
derstaffed.
Jones, who is the superinten-
dent of the hospital under fire
of the Tammany chiefs, declared
that in some wards there was
only one member of the staff on
duty for every 70 patients.
Last Friday, two Of the
"hazed" internes testified that
several deaths were caused by
criminal negligence on the part
of gentle internes who ignored
the pleas of dying Jewish pa
tents for medical aid.
Rabbi Louis Gross, who heads
a rabbinical investigating com
mittee, submitted to the mayor
over 100 sworn affidavits in
which the internes' statements
are substantiated.
Nathan Sweedler, counsel for
the Jewish internes, says that
all but one of the six expelled
"hazers" come from Khan states.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05
How Workers and Peasants Lived in the
Days of the Tsar.

Thus the features of the housing
revolution in the U.S.S.R. are: ~
compulsory restriction of housing ac-
comodation by fixing a special norm
with respect to the dwellings former
ly occupied by the -proletarian
population; (2) moving working class
families from the worst dwellings to
better ones; ~ pulling down the
worst premises and building new
houses; az confiscation of big houses
and making them Soviet property.
The main result of the housing revo-
luton together with other measures
for the improvement of workers
position) was: A very much dimin-
ished death rate (about one half of
the former death rate) in U.S.S.R.
towns, taking the year 1926 for COM
parison with the usual pre-revolution
death rate in the towns of Czarist
Russia. For instance the yearly
death rate decreased in Moscow to Is
per thousand, whereas it was 30 per
thousand before the revolution.
One Family Houses.
One third of the entire proletarian
and half of the entire non-proletarian
urban population of the U.S.S.R. live
at present in their own little houses
built for one family. The remaining
go per cent of our urban population
live in flats which they rent, three
quarters of these living in Soviet
houses and one-quarter in private
cooperative houses. There are at
present about 4 million flats in the
towns of the U.S.S.R. of which 70
per cent are occupied by one family,
10 per cent by one family and some
single dodgers, only 20 per cent being
occupied by several families (the
bigger bourgeois flats divided now
among several families). Half of the
housing accommodation belongs to the
State and half to private people and
cooperatives.
AS a result of the revolutionary re-
distribution of the housing accomoda-
ton the working population has now
at its disposal double the pre-war
housing accommodation average per
head calculation). This is accom-
panied by a one-third decrease of the
housing accommodation at the disposal
of the non-working population prior
to the revolution (hence The ever in
creasing complaints of the better
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05
News CampaignAgainst
Labor Faker Thievery
Praised by Painters
(By A Worker Correspondent


Last Friday night at the regular
union meeting of Local 905 which
was the first local to begin an in
vestigation of the D. c., much praise
and credit was given to The DAILY
WORKER and "Freiheit" for expos
ing the thieves of the union. If not
for these two workers papers the
charges might never have come be-
fore the great number of members
and the public in general.
While the socialist Forward" and
"New Leader" branded these charges
as Communist forgery" and helped
in every way to cover the truth with
the "red" scare, for the last six
months, The DAILY WORKER and
the "Freiheit" were militantly expos
ing every crook and thief who ruled
our union. The new and sudden
change of policy of the Forward"
and New Leader" in coming out at
last against their own Socialist Party
members who are leading figures in
this robbery game is another proof
of their own betrayal and the close al
lance between the socialist press and
the thieves of the unions,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05

inhabiting the houses, who are organ
lied into associations of the people liv-
ing in the given houses. The muni-
cipal organs retain in their hands the
control Of what is being done in the
houses and they see to it that the in
habitants fulfil all the obligations
they have taken upon themselves, such
as to repair and keep the houses in
good condition; they see to it that the
houses are utilized properly without
allowing them to become means of
commercial speculation, etc.
At the present time about 300 of
the municipalized buildings are under
the direct administration of the mu-
nicipal organs, and 1000 are in the
hands of the housing co-operatives and
partly in the hands of various insti-
buttons on leases.
The first housing co-operatives were
organized in Moscow, Leningrad, and
several towns in the Ukraine in 1928.
But at the present time there are al
ready housing co-operatives in all the
gubernia and uyezd capitals; they are
securing an ever greater section of
the housing fund into their hands.
About three-quarters of the municipal
buildings in Moscow and Leningrad
are in the hands of the housing CO.
operatives, and in the provincial towns
they have not less than one-third of
the houses in their hands. The num-
Der of cooperative houses is continu-
ally increasing.
In every municipalized building the
toilers ii. e. those who have the rights
Of suffrage) have right to organize
their house cooperative. The house
cooperative has, according to the law,
priority rights in leasing the building
from the municipal administration.
The housing co-operatives have vari-
GUS privileges in leasing a house. They
can lease it for a term of 6 to IL
years, they are free from construction
and income taxes. Rent collected by
the town administration is as a rule
sufficient to cover the amortization
Of the building; the houses, the occu-
pants Of which belong to the poorer
sections, having very small income
are entirely freed from rent. The ex-
penditure for repair in considered as
part of the rent. The municipal banks
supply the housing co-operatives with
loans on favorable terms for building
repairs.
When housing cooperative leases
a building it has the right to manage
it and is responsible to the municipal
administration in keeping the build
ing in good condition. The questions
concerning the administration and
utilization of the housing facilities are
decided by the management of the CO.
operative, which is elected by a gem
eral meeting of the members of the
given co-operative,-more important
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05
By YU LARIN.

According to the census Of Deem
Der 16, 1925, there are about 25,000-
600 inhabitants in all the town settle
ments of the U.S.S.R. About half of
this population belongs to the prole-
tariat (including workers and their
familiesl and the remainder are Of
flee workers, petty and other bour-
geoisie and DECEASED elements. The
town population was approximately
the same prior to the revolution and
about half of it also consisted of pro-
letarian men and women and their
families. This being so. a COMPARE
son between the distribution of hous-
ing accommodation at present, and
prior to the revolution, is particularly
instructive.
Give Homes to Workers.
Already in the first days Of the
October Revolution, | drew up a de-
cree (which was Immediately en-
dorsed and issued by the Soviet Gov
ernment) which gave the power to
the Soviets of Workers Deputies of
all towns to transfer workers to bour-
geois flats and to evacuate bourgeois
and other non-working elements or
restrict their housing accommodation
and also to confiseate privately
owned houses.
Local soviets began to transfer on
very large scale, workers and their
families from damp and semi-dark
flats to better premises. In nine
months time, on August goth, 1918,
the decree was issued re the con-
fiscation in all towns of the U.S.S.R.
of all houses valued at not less than
10000 roubles which were to be han
ded over to Soviet administrative or
gans.
More than half of the confiscated
housing accommodation was put under
the cooperative administration of the
householders themselves (''Coopera-
tive Leasehold"). Moreover, the old
est and most unsanitary houses
which were accommodating over one
million people were pulled down and
replaced by new housing accomoda-
ton put up mainly in 1924-1925 part
of it has been built by workers on
the principle Of Cooperative owner
ships" and with the help of long-term
State loans).
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-05

The October Revolution eXproprl-
ated not only the works, factories and
estates, but also houses. The expro-
priation affected those houses which
served in the hands of the owners as
a means of exploitation; the small
houses in which the owners lived Were
not confiscated by the Soviets. Out OF
100000 urban houses throughout the
u. S. S. R., only 100000, i. e. 1870
were municipalizeG.
But the houses confiscated consti-
tute 500 of the entire housing capac-
ity and 60co of the value of the
houses, as the largest and most valu-
able houses were confiscated. On an
average, every house confiscated is
five times larger than the average
house which remained in the hands OF
the owners.
The importance Of the municipalized
houses is enormous. The municipal
lied houses are concentrated primarily
in the large industrial and admins
trative centres and from so to 800
of the population and also all State
trade union, cooperative and public
institutions are located in those build
ings. In view Of the fact that all COM
mercial enterprises are situated In
those buildings, the rent which they
pay gives considerable revenue-it
constitutes about 1879 of the entirt
municipal revenue.
How are the houses managed anc
exploited?
During the first years after the
revolution, in the period of the civil
war, when the success Of the revolu-
tionary struggle depended on the de-
gree of Capitalization by the revolu-
tionary government of all threads OF
state and economic administration
the administration of the buildings
was directly in the hands Of the mu-
nicipal Soviets. This was especially
necessary owing to the fact that it
was essential to revolutionize the liv-
ing conditions Of the population, to
confiscate the private mansions from
the nobility, to provide as many peo-
ple as possible with housing facilities
in the luxurious rooms of the upper
classes and to take the working pop
u,ation out of the easements, garrets,
and dark corners"
With the termination of the civil
war, and the restoration Of economic
life, the policy of the Soviet Govern
ment in exploiting the municipalled
houses, as in the exploitation of every
other branch of national economy, is
such as to encourage the toiling
masses to take the administration of
affairs into their own hands. The adj
ministration Of the houses is from
year to year given over to greater
extent into the hands of the population
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The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06
METHODIST CHURCH

Some special features of the ser.
vices for the coming week are impor-
tant.
The district superintendent, Rev
W. B. Spaulding, will be with us over
Saturday and Sunday.
Saturday evening at 1880 the quar-
terly conference will be held.
Sunday morning Rev. Spaulding
will preach.
Sunday evening combined SER
vice for the Epworth League and
church will be held from 7 to 8
o'clock. People old and young are in
vited to be present. Sunday afternoon
rally service will be held at the
Roberts church. A picnic lunch will
be served at one o'clock. Services in
the interest of the Sunday school
and church will be held from two to
four o'clock.
At this service there will be adj
dresses given by Rev. w. B. Spauld
ing and c. E. Fenton of Bridger.
Everybody in the community is in
vited to attend this afternoon gath
ering. Special music will be provid-
ed and everybody will have a good
time.
A. D. WEIGH, Pastor.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

Sunday school at 9:45 a. M, G. B.
Foltz, superintendent. Worship at
HOO a. m. The pastor will deliver
a special sermon on the why of Chris
tian colleges and a plea for more ra-
tional religious thinking and a great
er cooperation on the part Of the
people.
At the annual meeting Of the
church last Monday night all the re-
ports of the various departments of
the church were most encouraging.
The Ladies Aid Society received very
hearty applaud. They have raised
$3.50 during the year and have $50 in
their treasury. The finances of the
church are in splendid shape. The
greatest need of our church is teach
ers for our growing Sunday school.
The following officers were elected:
G. B. Foltz, and John Sim, deacons.
Mrs. John Donley, Miss Charlotte
Dilworth and Mrs. Carl Bustell,
deaconesses; Mrs. H. V. Cartwright
church clerk; Carl Bustell, church
treasurer; Fl. Y. Cartwright, trustee
for five years; Mrs. E. M. Adams,
church organist; g. B. Foltz, super
of Sunday school, and Mrs.
M. F. Halpin, assistant. Committee
on the new budget for the coming
year: Matthew Woodrow, H. V. Cart
wright, John Sim, Carl Bustell and
John Baxter.
D. Ellis Evans, Pastor.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06
NOTICE

Because of propaganda disseminate
ed during my absence, ] wish to
notify my patrons that am not
leaving Red Lodge and that expect
to be at the Mount Maurice hospital
for a long time.
Wy recent trip was chiefly to in
Vestlgate new medicines and treat
ments for the benefit of my patrons
S. M. SOUDERS, M. D.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06

Miss Edna CASTOR of Roberts was
a week end guest at the Massa home
o. E. Herein of Roberts was a
county seat caller early in the week
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Sphinx are the
proud parents of baby boy, born at
their home near Boyd, Tuesday night.
Wanted: Clean cotton rags. Remove
buttons or hooks. Carbon County
News. 23-tf.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art Madsen and
daughter spent Tuesday in Billings
on business.
Mrs. George Moses and child are
spending the week with friends in
Billings.
Do you need glasses? If so, see K.
N. koski, 1913 South Broadway,
City. Tiff.
Howard Hicox of Broadview spent
few days at the home of his
parents in the city.
Miss Lillian Magnuson of Red
Lodge is teaching near Broadview.
Montana, this term.
Strayed: White faced calf, wearing
iron yoke. Notify Grin Hotchliss. /
Phone 419-J. 30-1t.
4 marriage license was issued Mon
day to Peter Kovack, So, and Esther
Mcclure, 81, both of Red Lodge.
Mrs. c. N. Luttrell will entertain
the Mt. Maurice bridge club at her
home tomorrow night.
Mrs. Pete MeGiIlen was taken to
Adams hospital Sunday for surgical
attention.
Bud Wallace was taken to Adams
hospital Sunday for medical atten-
ton.
We have just received a very large
and varied assortment of Buceila
stamped goods. Variety Store. 30-1t.
Ed Ryan, representative of the
Carpenter Paper company Of Billings !
was business visitor in the city the
first Of the week.
MT. and Mrs. ALI Jones and fam
lily Of Roslyn, Washington are guests
at the home of Mrs. Jones' sister.
Mrs. Arthur Brown.
Nels Blaine Cameron, who resides t
on ranch near Belfry submitted to '
an abdominal operation at Adams
hospital last Thursday. \
Riehel Millinery is showing school !
hats. playtime hats and dressy hats a
for children in all the attractive c
colors. 3O-1t
Mr.. and Mrs August slaby left !
Wednesday for San Francisco, Cali :
fornia for the winter months. Before
returning home they will visit in Oak
land, Berkely and Los Angeles.
Mrs Sophia Peterson of Fargo, \
North Dakota and her daughter and r
husband, Mr.. and Mrs. Otto Erick- E
son Of Broadview, Montana, and =
heir two children, Laurence and
Lyle, have been guests at the home of ;
Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Magnuson. Mrs. 4 l,
Nagnuson is a niece and cousin u
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06
1'QTFnA Sunday At the
Red Lodge Churches
EPISCOPAL CHURCH

Sunday school at 1000 a. m. No
better religious institution than at the
Episcopal church. Duty towards God
and duty towards our neighbors is
lnculcated in every lesson. No other
service. Mr.. Durant will be at his
mission in Big Timber.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06

Mrs Mrs. J. A; Newman. Mrs. Leland
Newman and Mrs P. G. Hicov s ,rauu
charming hostesses to the Conar msae
tlonai ladies' Wednesday afternoon A.
the close of a very nloass.1i looii. At
noon Refreshments were served 'l'sf
Mrs. Miles L. Chamberlain left Fri
DAY Tor Denver, Colorado wbero sho
will enter the Denver coaaa, 49, que
organ. u eie pipe
Mrs. Clair F. Chamberlain or+on
tame famed the the weekly bridge club at her
nome Tuesday evening. S. G. Marr gl
man receiving high honors Refrash
ments were served at the conel,,e;a,
of TIE game. ''ie conclusion
:, Mrs. l. P. Chapman and mrs
Sharon Merriman entertainad E,, ~ .
a al. at a Kensington, at Mr.
onapman's apartment. The rooms
we're colorful and lovely with earlv
lah flowers artistically arranged IN
art bowls and vases. The cbsrs 49, II.
hospitality Of the hostesses were aas
Joyed by twenty guests. The bours
were from 2:30 to 500. 0'-
Mls. j. f. Plunkett presided over
a series Of four course bridga din
ners Tuesday and Wednesday e ail
nilss az hef home on Broadway Din
i nef was served at four small tables
5 with blue tapers. Bridge fol
lowed and at the conclusion Of A. Az
games prizes were awarded TO-, az
Jay evenings high honors were taEan
oy Mrs. &. B. Provinsa and the n,.iza
Of consolation fell to Mrs. O. r p
Shelley. y =. |.
. Mrs. J. 7. Newell and Mrs. W p
RoTsden We're co-hostesses at 81 af
,ernoqn Of bridge Saturday at tba
NeWell nome. Vari-colored fall flow
rs We're used in the decorative
'eheme. There We're six tables II nlau
uiing the afternoon, Mrs. F. H. Alden
ecelvlng high score, Mrs. E. K
1 L second high and Mrs p
y Holt the consolation. Refrasb
menus were served from six snoaIl
aoies dainty in appointment.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1927-10-06

Mrs. Miles L. Chamberlain lof4 n.
,,'ii1 ior Of penvef, Colorado where she
w Will n1 enter the Denver Conservatory orv
OF Music as student of tbe nins
organ. eiie pipe