davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-05-08
Fighting the Sands.

IT is calculated that nine-tenths Of
the coasts Of the world are covered
with sand. What is the origin of this
sand and TO what circumstances is its
abundance due? Men of science have
explained this, in part. by saying that
it is due to the erosive effect OF the
waves upon the rocks but it is gener-
ally admitted that this is not sufficient
to account for the vast quantity Of
sand that borders our beeches. Tn
doubtedly a very considerable portion
represents the material carried to
and toward the ocean by the storms
and glaciers OF the Ice Age.
The distribution OF sand on the
coast depends in the first place. on
marine currents and to typographical
aspects of the coasts themselves.
Where there is no protection in the
shape of cliffs, the seacoasts are COW
cred with enormous quantities Of
sand, but it's advance is checked by
plants and vegetable growths. Sprouts.
trailing vines or dragging roots serve
the purpose of keeping the sand in
place and giving consistency to the
appearance of the average beach. OF
these vegetable growths, those are call
culated TO serve the purpose best
| which are most abundant and whose
| resisting power is strongest. In the
time of Elizabeth law was enacted
forbidding the destruction of such
beach plants. as they tended to keep
out the sand otherwise carried by the
wind and rain to the detriment OF
crops.
II was thus early recognized that
plant life had an influence not to be
despised in the formation Of sand hills
such as one sees in plenty on the
CT q nf Fla YoIorc
banks, GALES dunes" are either sta
tionary or moving. as the case may be.
When the sand deposited on the coast
by the waves is not excessive and the
wind blows intermittently, one may
see behind the sand hill the vegetable
growth that is giving solidity to the
mass from the roots up. In this way
are formed the stationary dunes.
When the vegetation is extended as
far as the sea. the dune grows in
this direction, and the curious spec
tacle is presented Of the ocean reced-
ing before the advance of the coast.
A building in Southport, England,
was built on a beach formed in just
this way. The moving dunes, al
though the same in origin as the sta
| tionary ones, owe their special char.
aoteristics to their great mass and the
| direction and constancy OF the wind,
which prevents their finding a base
| strong enough to constitute hold on
| the earth. These dunes are tossed
about. often advancing into the inter.
ior over cultivated ground to the de-
spair of farmers.
On the coasts Of Gascony there are
points where the dunes push forward
more than yards annually. In 1880
the advance Of sand yupon the land OF
Bordeaux was the occasion of despair
to horticulturists and crop growers,
and the engineer Bremontier made
himself famous by converting movable
dunes into stationary ones. The task
was undertaken to form a wall against
the sand invasion by making a paii-
SADIE of the dunes a little more than
a meter high and putting planks be-
tween each pair. When the sand
swept over the boards it had to break
and stay there.
Evening star., 1927-05-08

good, depending on how recently 1t
was made up. Twelve hours in ad-
vance of your trip, it is probably
very good, "a hours in advance. it
is less good, and of course, So hours
in advance, still less reliable.
If a flight takes off before 10 o'clock,
as most of them are apt to, the
weather data are based on reports
made up the night before and these
are of debatable value. Just previous
to landing you get the plane down
into the wind in order to keep down
the landing speed. as the higher the
landing speed the greater the posi-
bility of danger Planes cannot land
at a speed under As miles an hour,
and many types have a landing speed
Of about 80 miles 1t is important
that they keep into the wind on
landing.
The reason for this is that in case
of a gust the pilot may be making a
landing into a 20-mile wind. but If it
dies away unexpectedly into a wind
of only miles or less, the speed of
his plane is increased by just that
much In other words, instead of
landing at ground speed of so miles
an hour, minus the 90 miles an hour
wind, which in effect pulls the aviator
at a landing speed of 80 miles, a
gust may cause the wind to be around
As or SO miles instead Of the 20 he
Evening star., 1927-05-08

thought it wasl and this is much more
apt to he dangerous.
The pilot cannot see this sudden
change. He is near the ground and
so has no time to change or maneuVer
his plane, nor is he able to watch
for it unless he is in a seaplane over
water. and Is able to note the effect
on the water. This effect is probably
not in action until he is right at the
landing place, so the result is he runs
twice as far as he had intended to,
or he may hit the water.
X X X x
VELOCITY of over 20 miles an hour
is considered undesirable, and
gusts are particularly unfavora BILE
and likely to occur with west and
northwest winds of that strength or
greater. 1t is readily seen why
aviators require weather observations
made as close to the time of their
flight as possible, and this is further
borne out by the annual report of
fatalities in the United States Army
Air Service for the year 1925, which
gave not less than lis per cent of
crashes due to weather conditions for
that year.
Thus the proposed advance of the
twice-daily observations at am. and
6 pm. will mark a most important
step forward in the aviation weather
service, according to the Bureau of
Aeronautics, as 1t will permit pilots to
Evening star., 1927-05-08

base their plans on recent reports and
thus enable them TO avoid dangerous
weather conditions.
A single airship lost because of
Inadequate weather service may rep
resent several hundred thousand dol
lars more than the cost of the in
creased weather reports each year.
The loss of 10 planes due to storms
in a year costs as much as the pro-
posed safeguard, and review of the
history of aerial navigation shows
that the loss by storm or fog with
even the present restricted use of
aerial transportation runs into the
hundreds of thousands annually, with
out counting the loss of aviation per-
sonnel.
The weather forecaster at Chicago
reports that there Is tremendous pres
sure at all times in that section for
earlier forecasts, and the situation
there requires it even more for the
morning than for the evening. The
morning newspapers. in particular, do
not get the reports in time for their
early or "buIldog" editions sent out
to the country subscribers, nor do
the early evening editions catch the
evening forecasts. and are thus
obliged to use the older reports.
The plan of the chief co-ordinator's
office is to select in the beginning
three Weather Bureau offices, in
Washington I'd. c.: Chicago and San
Antonio, whore high power radio sta
Evening star., 1927-05-08

The Navy decentralizes it's aerology,
as each unit is responsible for the
preparation of its own weather de-
vices from the observations collected
by the United States Weather Bureau.
The weather data furnished by the
military services to the aviators diff
fers considerably from those afforded
by the usual weather map, and include
current barometer reading, and the
tendency of the barometer, whether it
is falling or rising or steady. 1t
states the kind of clouds, whether
high or low, and the height Of the
latter, the visibility, condition of the
ground, the height of ceiling" and
the speed and direction of the wind
near the ground and at five different
heights.
The Navy adds many other interest
ing remarks that are of value to the
pilot ready to take off or planning a
fight in the next day or so, and in
the case of special flights of the Los
Angeles or other dirigibles and ,mpor-
tant trips extra observations are made
up to cover the situation.
As one aviator put it, the wind is
one of the most important things to
| know about, az it's velocity may
| vary from hour to hour, and in the
case of gusts, from minute TO minute.
| The thing is TO get the previous day s
| forecast over the route to be flown,
as this will indicate what may be ex-
pecsed. This forecast is more or less
Evening star., 1927-05-08

tions are available and favorahly sit
uated with respect to the aviation
fields TO be served to connect these
Weather Bureau offices and radio sta
tons by distant control wires and TO
assign regular radio operators that
can broadcast as complete as system
of weather reports as may be neces-
sary as fast as the reports are re-
ceived and checked. The flying fields
will be equipped with receiving ap-
paratus, and in this way the reports.
forecasts and advices can be made
with the least possible delay.
This plan will be of advantage also
to marine interests, and will be adapt
able to commercial aviation, as 1t de-
velops.
In order to report adequate avi-
alton service additional Astrological
stations all over the country will
be required in order to cover all i'm
portant airways and to provide a fair
number of reports of upper air condi.
tions over these air routes.
The Weather Bureau has 35 sta
tions in continental United States for
pilot balloon observations, once or
twice daily, as the case may require.
and in addition to these, similar OBJ
servations are taken at the Is or more
flying fields operated by the Army
and Navy. and these are telegraphed
to the Weather Bureau and used in
connection with the other reports. An
effective service viii require 8 addi.
Evening star., 1927-05-08
PEELING PEARLS.

A PEARL which is clouded or spot.
n ted or Of color may sometimes be
peeled A layer may be taken off
as is the layer Of an onion. II the
layer beneath. as sometimes happens,
is Of beautiful luster the pearl is
worth many times more than before
IT was peeled, in spite of the fact
that it is smaller
Pearls do not always retain the
color that they have when taken from
the shell. Some Of the pearls become
cloudy. There was celebrated
pearl Of extraordinary size found in
Wabash River mussel, and the color
was charming. Buyers bid for it and
two buyers combined their assets and
paid $4,000 for the beautiful gem.
They hurried to Maiden Lane, in New
York, the jewel center, with their find
and demanded, on first sight, $40 600
for IT, There were no takers, al
though the pearl was a wonderful one
TO look at.
A day or two passed and suddenly
one Of the owners discovered that
taaye was a shade on the surface.
Pssrl experts who had been looking
it it nodded at it wisely. AS 1t dried
out the tint and luster changed. The
owners put 1t in vial Of water and
Evening star., 1927-05-08
Natural Memorial.
RY the roadside near the old Hosn

RY the roadside near the old Hosmer
place, between Avon and Gale.
donia in western New York, a wild
flower grows that is interesting be-
cause it is the only one of its knid in
all that region, but that is still more
interesting because it is connected
with strange, true story of the War
of 1912.
One Sunday afternoon in October.
1914, large body Of troops from
Fort Niagara, near Buffalo. encamped
to eat their midday ratons on their
way TO Sackett's Harbor They had
| been paid the day before. and were
Jovial and lively; but before night the
| body of a dead soldier was discovered
in clump of bushes, not far from
| the smouldering embers of the camu
| flre. There was a bullet hole through
his head and an attempt to conceal
his body indicated that he had been
murdered.
Word was promptly sent TO the
officer in command Of the troops and
| by roll call he discovered that two
| stragglers had been left behind when
the troops resumed their march. One
or them was the dead soldier, John
Alexander from Connecticut. The
other was suspected Of the murder.
| arrested. tried and punished. John
alexander was buried by the side OF
the road where he was found. and
there the matter dropped. But the fol-,
lowing year plant Of a species rn.
known before in that region sprang
up on the grave, and the next wear
TWO other stalks Of the same plant
appeared few feet from the first
one. Little attention was paid to
them at first, but gradually people
noticed that the same unknown plant
spranS up vigorously each year in the
same spot and fourished and blossom.
ed about the time Of the wheat
harvest.
Finally, a visiting botanist recor.
nlZed IT as false cromwell. a plant
that is indigenous to the soil OF Con-
necticut; and some one remembered
that Connecticut was the soldier's
nome State. How came this Connect.
cut plant TO grow on that lonely. ne.
elected grave beside that New York
read? people asked. Was there in the
soldiers pocket a letter from loved
ones at home containing the flower OF
the plant, which had ripened into
seed and taken root?
The mystery has never been solved
but the flower still blossoms every
year on the spot where the murdered
soldier was buried more than a cen.
tUry ago.
Evening star., 1927-05-08

left ii there for 30 days. When they
looked at it again they were sadder
and wiser men. The pearl was COW
cred with little snowflake spots.
Panic stricken, they searched for a
buyer. They received bids of about
$500. and finally a pearl speculator
paid them S1,500 for it. They were
out $1,5OO their time and travelling
expenses. The speculator knew that
the pearl was worth little with the
freckles on it. but he took the chance
that when a layer or two had been
taken off he would have a pearl of
permanent luster. Whether he was
right or wrong he did not divulge
A pearl has the hardness Of lime
stone and a sharp knife or three-cor-
nered file is used to peel it. 1t takes
good eyesight. a hard thumb to mold
the gem and the nerve" and skill
that will permit one to give just the
right pressure and no more. II the
point should slip through the first
skin and scratch the inner, and the
inner skin We're lustrous, the mark
would ruin the gem. A pearl is
always smaller after peeling, Of
course, The risk is taken on pearls
OF large size and no luster or with
splotched surfaces.
Evening star., 1927-05-08

nent, in addition to the obvious needs
of aviation, the committee engaged
the attention of the chief of the Cana
dian Meteorological Service, Sir Fred
erick Stupart, and of J. G. Willever,
vice president of the Western Union
Telegraph Co. Frequent consultations
were held and several possible plans
outlined that will ultimately afford the
United States one of the finest
weather report systems in the world,
as all possible use is to be made Of
modern devices excluding high-fre
quency cets, extra operators and ear
lier observations that will be avail
able when and as needed.
ONE of the chief advantages Of the
new plan is that when the system
is installed the extra weather obserVa-
tions taken at intervals during the
day for special flights or other pur-
poses will automatically be made avail.
able to all correspondents Of the
Weather Bureau. This is not now
possible, as under the old routine that
is still in order the telegraph wires
are available to the Weather Bureau
for about an hour, night and morning,
but the lines are then needed for the
usual business traffic OF the day and
no cut-ins are possible.
AS it stands, an enlisted man from
the Army and one from the Navy are
present in the forecast room of the
Weather Bureau each morning and
evening when the observations are de-
coded by the translator as the mes
sages come in over the wire from the
200 stations all over continental
United States, as well as from Alaska,
Honolulu, Mexico and Canada.
AS soon as these messages are fin
ished the enlisted men race back 10
their respective offices at the Signal
Corps and Bureau of Aeronautics and
make up the special flying forecasts
for the narticular station they serve.
Evening star., 1927-05-08
FICTION AND
HUMOR
avy and Army Aid Weather Bureau Meeting Aviation Need

tionaI upper air station. making a
total Of 43 operated by the Weather
Bureau.
This comprehensive plan Is now un-
der way, in its initial stage At least,
by the radio transmission over the
automatic machine installed in the
forecast department Of the Weather
Bureau. when reports are sent out
each morning at Sis instead Of two
hours later. and this scheme, IL is
hoped will be Of value until the pass
ing OF the necessary legislation by
Congress. next Winter, which will
make available the appropriation OF
approximately S33300O that viii be
required for the biggest change in our
weather program Of the last half GEN.
tury.
Evening star., 1927-05-08
Radium and the Sun.

It Is held by some scientists that. by
reason Of the facts known about
radioacutivity. it is possible to in.
crease the estimated age of the sun
and the period during which It will
continue to furnish light and heat to-
the earth from 10 to 20 times. Thus.
instead of being 10000, 900 years old,
the sun may be 1000. .000, 900 or 2.000,.
100000 years old. and its future dura..
ton may be 100000. 900 or 200, 1000, 900
years in place of 100000 Know
ing as we do that an atom of matter
can contain an enormous store of
energy In itself, we have no right to
assume that the sun Is incapable of
liberating atomic energy to a degree
at least comparable with what It
would liberate II made of radium. y.
Evening star., 1927-05-08

adinFoe fB Ha Ahve MM
nddF owndFi Geographic
rNewy lReered by Stations dMo
ofAppupiti Delays sCompeio Project
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16
\ Surprise for Farmer Browns Boy
By Thornton ". Burgess

In almost every case you'll find That fear IS largely in the mind.
 Old Mother Nature
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16
Your Health How to Keep It.
 Causes of Illness
By DIR. MORRIS FIsHBEIN

By DIR. MORRIS FIsHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia,
 the Health Magazine | Eruptions of pimples on the facs and frequently on the back and chest are usually called acne if they tend to persist.
 Various bacterial studies have been made in an attempt to find some specific germ responsible for this condition, but investigators ara not generally agreed that the same germ Is always responsible. They are rather inclined to be- lieve that some changes occur ih the chemistry of tie body and that poor general health, disturbances of indigestion, and lack of ordinary cleanliness may be more responsible than the germs which merely take advantage of the lowered resistance to set up their Initiative effects.
 Rich Foods Blamed
 The hlackhead is associated quita frequently with an abnormal oiliness of the skin. Overindulgence in candies, pastries and other foods that are abnormally sweet will some- times set up an attack of pimples, but even strict diet will not ale ways stop an attack.
 The physician who attempts to treat such cases combines a control of the general hygiene of ,hs body with treatment directed to the pim- ples themselves. All sorts of duack medicine. salves and ointments are offered for the control of this condi- ton because 1t is extremely com- mon and most young people arc vain.
 The basis of these remedies is usually some mild antiseptic which may or may not be of value. Tha use of soap and water and stimula- ton of the ekin by mild pinching to produce a good circulation of the blood will usually accomplish as much as most of the patent remedies that can be purchased.
 Avoid Use of Oils
 If the skin is unusually oily. it should not be made more greasy by rubbing in creams and oils. Some authorities recommend steam- ing and the use of hot towels soaked in water saturated with boric acid.
 softenins of the skin by this method will remove tho grease and with it many of the bacteria that may be associated in the develep- ment of the pimples.
 In severe cases modern specialists In diseases of the skin sometimes produce complete control by a, proper use of the X-ray. However. they are likely to regulate the gen. eral condition of the body by con. trol of Its netabolism.
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16
Menus for fife Family
(By Sister blaryl

Breakfast-Orange juice, cereal cooked with dates, thin cream, crisp graham toast, milk, coffee.
 Luncheon-Cornmeal bunny, let tuce sandwiches, ppple sauce, mo- lasses bars, milk, tea.
 Dinner-Braised leg Of mutton mashed potatoes, currant jelly, eel cry salad whole wheat bread. canned greengage plums, marble cake, milk coffee.
 Praised Leg of Mutton
 One leg Of mutton, 1-2 cup diced carrot, l-4 cup diced turnip. l me dium sized onion, slices bacon, 2 teaspoons salt, 1-2 teaspoon pepper. 1 lemon, bread stuffing.
 The butcher should remove bone from leg. Trim off fat and wipe meat with a cloth wrung out Of cold wa ter. Stuff cavity where bone was re- moved with stuffing and sew edges of meat together. Put three slices of bacon fat in kettle or casserole and add meat. Cover with remaining bacon, onion and lemon cut in thin slices and turnip and carrot, Sprinkle with salt and pepper and add 3 cups boiling water, Cover closely and cook
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16
Quicksands of Love
 Adele Garrison's New Phase of
 Revelations of q Wife

I directed If she assents, hurry back and come directly 10 you own room without notifying me. I shall know from your closing door that she had consented to come down. If she refuses. come to Mrs. Bickett's room and tell me so.''
 She nodded an assent, and, turn ing. went slowly out of the room. I waited only until l was sure she was on the stairs before hurrying into Katherine's room, leaving the communicating door slightly ajar. By moving tall screen few inches from it's accustomed place was able to conceal the opening perfectly Then I went to the closet behind the door of which l knew Lillian was stationed and put my lips to the small aperture which she had left.
 T have sent Mary to tell her I want to see her." I said. And. Lillian, l am sure we are mistaken about Mary. She is so perfectly in senuous I cannot believe she is act ing part in this thing"
 Let us hope not" my friend s voice returned, but it was so muffled that I could not tell whether the in- flection was mocking or sincere. And - now get away-from here-quick."
 understood and obeyed her. There was no use risking Mrs. Bakers possible overhearing of our colloquy. Turning away from the door. I went to the window and seat ed myself in a chair near it.
 But found 1t impossible to re- main quiet, and, springing up, l be- gan te walk up and down the room, taking care not to step off the rug, and to tread softly, so that no one outside of the room could hear me, And thus I paced. while l heard Mary's door close and knew that she had been successful in her mission. Then the slow limping of Mrs. Bak- CT came down the hall and her knock sounded upon the door.
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16
Mrs. Baker at Last Starts {,
 Walk Into Trap


 At Mary's apparently ingenious query l felt a partial letting down of the tenison under which I had been laboring. The child's eyes met mine clearly, honestly, and it seemed impossible to suspect her of conspir- ing with Mrs. Baker to mislead us. Armed with the age-old instinct to protect something weaker. I felt equal for any contest of wills with our sinister fourth flour neighbor. whereas the fear that she already had made a tool of Mary for our deception had shocked and weakened me.
 I'm sorry Mary" l said, but I don't believe there's any other way out of 1t. She simply must not be permitted to annoy you any more, I say to her. Naturally. 1t would embarrasa you to be present at the interview. so the only convenient place is Mrs, Bickett's room. and the surest way of getting her down here is for you to ask her to come. If I went after her she very rightly would ask me why could not talk to her in her own room"
 Suppose she tells me that" Mary asked, apparently troubled.
 That leave to your resourceful- ness and tact" l replied. smiling at her. for I knew the young girls hish-spirited nature we'll enough to realize that the words would put her on her mettle and that I needed to say nothing more.
 She stood motionless for two or three seconds Then she threw her head back with a gallant little ges- ture.
 I'll do the best can to bring her down" she said, Where will you be? In Mrs. Bickett's room ?"
 Yes. Tell her to come In there. |"
New Britain herald., 1927-02-16

over a low fire or in moderate oven for three hours. When tender, re- move to platter and strain liquor in pan. Add water to make cups and thicken with 1-2 tablespoons flour stirred to . smooth paste with a lit- tie cold water. Let the gravy boil for five minutes after thickening to in-' sure thorough cooking of the flour.