davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
Ry 2. R. DIETRICH (Rerlinl i.

BY p. r. DIETRICH (Berlin).
rOR the last three months the Gov
ernment of the bourgeois bloc has
been ruling Germany. It's govern
mental activity up to the present has
fully sufficed to prove not only to
the working class but also the petty
bourgeois and petty-peasant circles,
that it is pronouncedly an instrument
in the hands of the big trusts and
combines, a weapon against the en-
tire working population Of the coun-
try.
THE process of standardization" mas
been carried on in a more intensi-
fled form than before. The average
level of production during the last
three months has been maintained at
the relatively considerable height it
attained in the last quarter of 1926.
At the same time, prices have been
maintained on that level, too, so that
the profits Of naturalization have con-
tinued undiminished. This is proved,
inter ALA, by fact that by reason of
the unusually large profits derived at
present by the German bourgeoisie
from the home market, Germany's ur-
gent desire to export to the world
markets has markedly abated.
DARALLEL with the more rigorous
continuation of methods Of ration
alization in German economy, we have
experienced a renewed general attack
on the living conditions of the Ger
man worker. Though nominal wages
have remained practically unchanged
since September 1926, actual wages
have declined, as is shown by the rise
in the official cost-of- living index fig
ure from 142 in September 1925 to
1854 in February 1927. The low level
of weekly wage rates is Systematically
exploited by employers for the pur-
pose of bringing pressure to bear on
the workers in regard to overtime and
to sweated job-wage stipulations.
ADDED to the fall of actual wages,
n there is the rise of dwelling rents
by 10 per cent, put into effect on
April 1st, 1927, and the augmentation
of the duty on flour from 10 marks
to 115O marks per 100 kilogrammes,
which in the case of family of five
means surplus onus on the house
hold of about 70 marks a year. Fur
thermore, the Government intends to
raise the duty on sugar and is likely
to accede to the demand of the agrar-
ians for the prevention of the free
importation of frozen meat, so that
the meat prices, too, will again be
caused to rise. Whereas new sources
Of profit are thus opened up for the
employers and the big landowners,
the living conditions of the German
working class have markedly deter
iorated and will continue to deterior-
-.--
THE same tendency is observable if
1 we regard the budget of the Ger
man Government, which occupied the
Reichstag up to the time of the Easter
vacations. The budget submitted by
the Marx -Hergt- -Keudell Government
taxes the entire German population
to an aggregate extent of about 15,-
600 million marks, if we add the COM
munal and other taxes to the main it.
ems. BY far the greater part of this
onus rests on the shoulders of the
broad masses. The State budget is
particularly characterized by the fact
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
Hands Off China Meet
On East Side Thursday

A Hands-off-C China open air meet
ing will be held Thursday evening at
10th St. and Second Ave. by Section
l, Workers (Communist) Party. Pro-
minent speakers will address the
meeting.
A meeting will be held at Great
Central Palace, 80 Clinton St., June
10. Speakers will be announced
later.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25

DAILY WORKER
80 First Street.
New York. N. Y.
Inclosed is my contribution Of
..,. dollars 49,. cents 20 the
Ruthenberg Sustaining Fund
for stronger and better
DAILY WORKER and for the
defense of our paper ! will pay
the same amount regularly
'very ...''.'................
Name ...',.''..............
Addless ...................
1ity .................,......
state ..........'............
Attach check or money order.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
ReactiOnary Set Back
In Polish Elections

WARSAW, Poland, May 24.-The
final returns from the Polish general
election today revealed victory for
the socialists and progressives.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
BY EARL BROwDER.

HANKOW, (By maiD.-With the
reorganization of the Chinese Nation
al Government, on March IL at
Hankow, and the Immediately follow
ing capture of Marking and Shang-
hal by the Revolutionary Army, the
Chinese revolution has definitely en-
tered new phase of its development.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
London Junkers to
Fete Hero of Air

PARIS, May 24-Charles Lind
bergh may accept the invitation IF
the London Aero Club and fly to
London next Monday in the spirit
of st. Louis" it was said tonight.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
Chain Store Tea King
Accumulated Millions

The will Of the late Frank S. Jones,
of 760 Park Ave, Manhattan, and
Sayville, L. l., was filed yesterday.
The estate is understood to be sew
eral millions of dollars. Jones was
head of one of the largest tea con-
Germs in the United States and was
a pioneer in the chain stores idea and
the application of factory technique
to grocery workers
The daily worker., 1927-05-25

International Branch No. /, Sec. I'D
New York City, will hold special
meeting on May 25, Wednesday pm
at &C f. 4th st. Rec. Sec'y.
The daily worker., 1927-05-25
CURRENT EVENTS

Continued from Page ORe)
valley from the wrath Of the mighty
river.
Evening star., 1927-05-21

didate of one. of the major political
parties than men who have never
tackled such a task. 1t is a tre'
mendous strain, even for man &C.
customed' to public speaking. But the
Presidency Of the United States is
one of the most arduous jobs in the
world, and 1t is after he enters the
White House that the long four-year
grind begins. Most of the Presidents
of the United States have been In
their fifties when first inaugurated,
the records disclose.
What of other candidates for the
presidential nomination if maximum
age limit is to be applied? Frank O.
Lowden, former Governor of Illinois,
who has been put forward as the
champion of the corn and wheat belts,
is more than'a year older than Mr..
Hughes. Indeed, he will have passed
the 6Sth anniversary of his birth on
March 4, 1929. William Gibbs Nc
Adoo, whose name persists in all dis.
cussions of the Democratic presiden-
tial nomination, was born October 81,
1868, and he would be in his Goth year
if he should become President March
4. 1929
Evening star., 1927-05-21
A Mans Mascot.

Charles Lindbergh. one of the pluck
lest men in worlds history, has a Kit
ten for mascot, it may be worth
pointing out in day and age when
the dog is generally given the role
With thoughtfulness which some
might not have expected of so young
a man. the Flying Fool" refused to
take his furry companion of the han
gar with him upon the hazardous trip
When he came to this decision, the
brave flyer deprived Patsy, the cat,
of an opportunity to take place
with feline heroes. including Puss-in-
Boots and Dick Wilmington famous
cat.
Yet undoubtedly it is enough to be
the friend and pal of such man as
Lindbergh. Such an honor ought to
be enough for any man, let alone one
small kitten, and small Patsy today
will have the world hoping and pray
ing that he is. indeed, real mascot,
in the best sense of the word.
Evening star., 1927-05-21

chest during a national political cam.
paign. Among the more recent ap.
pointments OF career men are those
OF J. Butler Wright, Hungary; Hugh
r. Wilson, Switzerland; Hugh Gibson,
Brussels; Leland Harrison. Sweden;
F. A. Sterling, Irish Free State, and
William Phillips, Canada.
The country is TO be congratulated
upon the adoption of a policy which
places competent. well informed and
experienced men in charge Of admins.
tering foreign relations. The old
policy of selecting men eminent in
other lines was both successful and
unsuccessful, according TO the adapt.
ability of the appointees to their new
work. The new policy. however,
should assure the most efficient serv.
ice. and at the same time act as an
incentive to young men of ability to
enter the foreign service. No system
works of itself. 1t behooves the State
Department to see that career men
who are advanced are worthy OF ad-
vancement. Merely to advance man
becaue he has been in the service Is
the worst kind of folly. Indeed. un-
der the cold but certain theory OF
averages, there will be careers which
should be nipped in the bud.
Evening star., 1927-05-21
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

Let the brave man be calm The.
| will come around, in time, to his way
of thinking.
In other words, person of average
| intelligence, who has mixed around
| a bit and who tries honestly to see
| the world and see it whole, may be
| reasonably sure of his judgment.
A. person really ought to put more
faith in his own judgment than most
of us do. Some of. the egotistical
young gentlemen are fine object les
| son. to. those who doubt their own
ability as judges.
1T is a much more satisfactory feel
| ing to feel that one is right than
to believe that one is an old crouch.
Yet many persons are so imposing
upon themselves, when all the time
| most of their acquaintances feel ex-
actly the same way they do about
| things in general and about some
| things in particular, SO that the
former person lad better trust to his
| own opinion and believe in the sane
tity of his own soul more.
The unanimity of 8 persons out
of 10 upon a given matter is sur
| prising thing. proved by chance re-
| marks now and then. AS stated, few
persons are airing these opinions
II there is some sort of nuisance
| harbored in your neighborhood, be
sure Of the fact that most of your
neighbors feel exactly the same way
| that you do about ii. You are not
| unique.
Approach one of them, however,
| with a direct question. he or she will
| declare. with a great show of sur
prise, "Oh, no, 1t doesn't bother me
at allr'
| One day, however, at chance
| meeting, his real opinion will pop out,
and then you will see that all the
time he has been feeling exactly the
| same way about the thing that YOU
have.
X X *
| This wholesome restraint is what
saves the dear bratlet and his parents
| from many a deserved "bawling out
When the brattock, without any
proVocation whatever. calmly rakes
his flngernails through the right
cheek of your own small son. causing
scars that may last forever, but
| which you hope will not, he needs a
good spanking, and his parents a Sc.
we're lecture.
But do you administer either?
No, to civilizations credit (perhaps)
you do not. You put on severe
mein, and gather your cloak about
you, and sally forth, and set forth
your views, and the brat stands snick.
ering behind the curtain, and you
know that nothing, absolutely
nothing, will be done about it.
You are. in the last analysis Just
another, ''timid SOUL the product of
a generation that put much hope and
faith in manners and etiquette and
all that sort of thing.
A good barrel stave applied to the
seat of the brat's pants would do him
more good than all the etiquette books
ever written.
In private, you so express yourself.
Nine of your good neighbors, wit.
Messing the accident, feel exactly the
same way about it--but does a one of
them speak up bravely in public?
No. not one of them does.
In private, of course, they express
wholesome normal sentiments about
the latest caprice of the brat" but
when they meet the parents of the
same young hopeful, how beautifully
tney gloss over the whole matter!
Evening star., 1927-05-21
A Merited Appointment.

appointment of Joseph c. Grew as
American Ambassador to Turkey is in
line with the present policy of the
State Department to place men of
wide diplomatic experience. in key
positions in the foreign service. Mr..
Crews selection for the American
embassy in Turkey is particularly for
tunate. He has intimate knowledge
of conditions in the Near East. He
negotiated and signed on behalf of the
United States the Lausanne treaty
between this country and Turkey in
1928. True, this treaty was not rati.
fled by the Senate of the United
States, but it is entirely within the
bounds of probability that a new
treaty between the two countries may
be drawn by Mr.. Grew in the light of
the situation found to exist during the
consideration by the Senate OF the
Lausanne treaty.
Mr.. Grew is a career man" in the
American foreign service. Almost
from the time he left college in 1902
he has been in that service. His
first appointment in 1904 was as clerk
to the American consulate in Cairo,
Egypt, and from there he went as
third secretary to the American EN-.
bassy in Mexico City in 1906. Since
then he has occupied many important
posts, although his appointment as
Ambassador to Turkey is the first as
the head of an American diplomatic
| agency. After the World War Mr.
Grew attended the peace conference
in Paris and was appointed secretary
general of the American Commission
| to Negotiate Peace. Since March, 1924
he has been Undersecretary of State
the Office he now relinquishes to &c
| to Turkey.
Shirt sleeves" diplomacy, the tern
applied partly in derision to the Amer
lean diplomatic service in the past
apparently is passing completely ou
| of the picture under the new policy o
picking men who have grown up il
the foreign service of the country I,
fill the more important diplomatic
posts abroad. This policy has beel
more and more marked since the pas
sage a few years ago of the Roger
act recognizing the diplomatic serv
ice. During the administration Of tn
State Department by Secretary Kel
logg eighteen new appointments I
important posts have gone to tn
career men, rather than. to the sue
cessful business men who have cor
'tributed largely 10 the party's wa
Evening star., 1927-05-21
Great Circle Flying.

While Charles Lindbergh is wing.
| ing his way across the Atlantic, on
his hazardous and courageous flight
from New York to Paris, which all
the world hopes he will safely COM
plete, there is much confusion in the
public mind regarding his route over
the ocean. He is flying, it is stated
in general, on the great circle" be-
tween his starting point and his OBJ
jective. That is the accepted course
of all navigation, for it is the shortest
distance between the ports. When
the great circle route is laid down
upon flat map" it looks to be the
longer course. That is because of the
distortion of the map when it is pro-
jected upon a plane.
The great circle, in terms of naviga-
ton, is the line covered by thread
stretched across a globe representing
the earth, from port to port. 1t is the
arc literally of a great circle that if
projected into the interior OF the
earth would pass through the geo.
metric center of the sphere. In prac-
tice, however, ships rarely sail actual
ly on great circles, but on series of
chords of such circles, plated i'll ad-
vance to effect a minimum OF difficulty
in setting the steering course: Ger
tain considerations of land formation.
of ocean currents and of course, of
weather cause departures from the
rigid great circle sailing.
The season of the year is factor in
ship courses. in the Atlantic service.
The great circle route carries steam
ers farther north than the route fol-
lowed during the Winter and the
period of iceberg possibilities. At this
time of the year the steamer lane" is
somewhat south of Lindbergh's course
during the westerly portion of the
fight. Nearing the Irish coast his
line of flight more nearly comedies
with the course of ocean travel, as the
liner lanes converge for the English
SndlIi6l.
Landmen are confused in conception
of ocean navigation, especially as to
great circle sailing-or flying. as in
the present case-because of their fa-
miliarity with the fiat or projected
maps. Furthermore, it is not general.
ly remembered that Paris is consider
ably farther north than New York,
about eight and half degrees in
longitude in fact. This places 1t, on
the 'Mercator projection" map about
opposite st. Johns. Newfoundland. 1t
is probable that Lindbergh, in setting
his course, calculated his great circle
fight from the last land contact
rather than from his starting point,
which would tend to carry him even
farther north from the steamer lane.
Evening star., 1927-05-21

their cheeks. If they will not do il
through one or the other of the pres
ent major parties, the people will form
themselves Into party of enforce
ment and another for repeal. DR..
Butler is making the issue clear and
at least is pointing out the line of de.
narration. But it is difficult to be-
lieve that a wet party can win" The
Manchester Union independent Re.
publican) holds that "of course, no
third party next year could hope to
wln,' and The Huntington Advertiser
IDemocratic) cannot believe that the
wet and dry issue is potent enough to
rip party lines"
Rather than threat" remarks the
Beloit Daily News independently. "Dr.
Butler I ngles a happy hope before
Democrats and Republicans. If a
third party could be formed with
smashing the eighteenth amendment
as its paramount issue and line up
all the vets in its ranks, the rortu.
nifty VOL : afforded to see the true
proportions of this dissatisfied minor
it. A similar view is expressed by
the Springfield Republican (independ.
ent), which nominates DR.. Butler as
the one logical candidate for Presi.
dent" and admits that "if DR.. Butler
should 0oll a big enough vote, he
would really do something toward snv-
| ing the country, as he sees it, as we'll
as ending prohibition"
The Ieville Times Gndependent
| Democratic) feels that 1.-The doctors
talk of third party cannot fail to be
| of COMMANDING interest to the Demo
Gratis" and it suggests, ''If DR.. Butler
| should find 4 political events as they
come to pass the opportunity to place
a third ticket in the field, the results
| may be as epochal as the campaign of
1912"
Assuming that DR.. Butler maintains
/ that the American people were mex
cusably careless in permitting the
eighteenth amendment to get into the
Constitution" the Wichita Beacon
| independent Republican, states that
as matter of fact, no amendment
has been adopted with more delibera-
| tion or with fuller realization of what
| 1t means. DR.. Butler comes out for a
greater liberalism. but nothing is far
| ther from liberalism than the idea
| that the ""ople of the United States
are restricted or limited in the kind Of
| law they may write into their Consti-
| tution'
There Is no reason to believe that
third party would or could solve the
problem" AYERS the Winston-Salem
Journal Oemocratic). and the New
| York Times independent Democratic)
| offers the comment: Anything that
| can be done to make party manage
| ment more alert to changes of senti.
! ment, more sympathetic with demands
| for an intelligent program of action,
| ought to be welcomed and encouraged.
But until everything of this kind has
been tried, till every stimulus within
the party has been T'>~'ied, the resort
to third party seems both premature
q nd i'm tnrnhn hla -
Evening star., 1927-05-21
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

@. What do the initials F. o. T.
stand fort. c.
A. This is an abbreviation for the
phrase, free on truck.
Q. How many mail cranes does the
Post Office Department use?-
c. A. NJ.
A. There are approximately $4,000
mail cranes in the United States used
to deliver mail pouches to passing
trains.
@. Do birds have stomachs or giz-
zards?- e. S.
A. The Biological Survey says
birds that feed on flesh have stom-
achs, but birds that feed on seeds
and grain have giZzards.
O. When were public lands first
given for education?-C. NJ.
A. The Continental Congress in its
Land Ordnance" of May. 1895. dedi-
Gated from the public lands which
Law west Of the 13 Colonies, lot No.
Is of every township to "the mainte-
nance of public schools within the
said township" The policy of CIV
ing public lands for education has
been continued. and lands and scrip
have been granted to total of H.
244.519 acres, an area nearly eQuiva-
lent to that of the German republic.
@. is the Mississippi River tidal
river?--K. f. l..
A. 1t is tidal river only from It's
mouth as far up as New Orleans.
@. Is It easier and cheaper to grow
rye or Wheat?-P. J.
A. It Is cheaper to grow rye than
it is to grow wheat, but not so proft-
able. Rye can be grown on poor SOIL
and with little soil preparation.
@. Does the law for the length of
time liquor can be sold differ in
London and the rest of England
T. G.. V.
A. The licensing act of 1921 fixed
the hours OF sale of liquor at nine
hours in London and eight hours
elsewhere, the closing time being II
pm. in London and 10 pm. elsewhere
Q. How did it happen that single
command was established for all the
armies fighting against Germany
I. D. d.
A. 1t was the result of the terrific
blow struck at, the British Army
March 81, 1918, known as the second
battle of Picardy, when the German
Army broke through the line of the
Somme, separating the French and
British armies. The subsequent de
moralization and almost complete de-
feat of the allies compelled them to
take a step that heretofore they had
been unwilling to take.
@. How many acres of forest land
are owned by farmers?-M. Fl.
A. The forest service. United
States Department Of Agriculture
estimates that farm wood lots amount
Evening star., 1927-05-21
Hughes Not a Candidate.

CHARLES Evans Hughes, former Sec
retary of State and former associate
justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States, has issued a statement
taking himself out of the race for the
d Republican nomination for President
an 1928. Mr.. Hughes gives two rea-
: cons for his decision. First, that he
z is for President Coolidge first, last
and all the time" and, second, that
he himself is too old.
The third-term issue, which Presi.
dent Coolidge's opponents already are
= seeking to raise against his renomi.
nation and reelection, has no terrors
and no significance for Mr.. Hughes.
AR. Hughes is recognized as one of
the greatest authorities on American
. Government. His opinion doubtless
will carry weight with the American
people. Indeed, it will outweigh by
far in all probability the dictum of
~ DIR. Nicholas Murray Butler. another
New Yorker president of Columbia
University, who persists in his declara
ton that the nineteen months OF
President Harding's term served by
Mr.. Coolidge must be considered as
his first term" and that conse
quentiy second elective term would
he a third term" for him as Presi
dent. DIR. Butler is more anxious tc
hiring about the nomination Of a wei
for President than he is excited ovel
the so-called thirdterm issue as i
applies to President Coolidge. His
earnestness for the wet cause may
detract somewhat from the effect o.
his attack upon the reelection o.
President Coolidge.
Mr.. Hughes declaration that he j:
''too old TO run for President" raise:
an interesting question. On April 1
Mr.. Hughes became 65 years old. II
other words, if he were elected Presi
dent next year, at the time of hi
inauguration March 4, 1929, MI
Hughes would be nearly 81 years old
lie gives the impression today O
both mental and physical vigor far be
yond that of many men years younge
than he is. Yet Mr Hughes says tha
he is too old" He did make tn
race for President in 1916, more tina
q decade ago. He has, therefore,
y Dental campaign makes upon a cal