New Britain herald., 1927-07-06

ated between China and the foreign
powers,-most Of them treaties ne
gotiated after military defeat at the
hands Of western nations that had
highly developed the art OF warfare.
Briefly, these treaties include:
1.-THE concessions in the treaty
ports, of which there are ~.
"Extraterritorial rights, or I'M
munity from Chinese law.
Maintenance Of foreign troops on
Chinese soil.
Control of the customs by for
eigners, regulating the tariff re-
ceipts Of the Chinese government.
Admission Of foreign naval and
merchant vessels to the Chinese
waters. and permission to navigate
freely and under the Jurisdiction Of
their several governments.
Exploitation of national resources
and labor by foreign capital (includ-
ing railway and mining privilegeO.
The most favored nation treat
ment,"-that is, the provision that
all foreign nations with interests in
China be permitted to enjoy these
privileges to an equal extent.
These privileges have furthered
the development Of foreign indus
trial and commercial interests, and
the introduction of western ideas; on
the other hand, they have contribut-
ed to China's political and economic
decentralization, and to a growing
opposition on the part of her peo-
pie against treaty restrictions, and
against the psychology which has
assumed that the prestige and pros
perity Of the west in the east must
be achieved at all costs.
'"Fhe Chinese Revolution of 1911
was an attempt to create a new gov
eminent which should be strong
enough to cope with aggression from
without, and to conquer the forces
Of reaction within China. Many of
the progressive Chinese felt that the
Manchus had delivered their land to
the foreigner. That revolution was
premature, and was only very par
TALLY successful. But while within
the last ten years. since the disil-
lusioning of China which took place
at the time of the Great War, very
rapid and very far-reaching changes
have gone forward in the thinking
of the Chinese people. In brief, one
may say that this present northern
expedition OF the Nationalist armies
is aimed directly against foreign
domination as exemplified by the
Unequal treaties, and incidentally
against the military leaders who, di-
rectly or indirectly. las successors of
the Manchus) hace made this do
mination possible.
During these years mutual sus-
picions and jealouges have grown
up among the foreign powers in
China. England and Japan are
rivals for Chinese trade. England
has led in volume of trade with
China, and has consequently had the
right TO appoint the director of the
Chinese Customs Administration.
Japan holds second place and chal-
lenges England's leadership. Eng
land has felt obliged to maintain a
strong front in China, not only for
the sake OF her interests there, but
for the effect on her Indian Empire,
the Indian Nationalist Party is
outspokenly friendly towards Ma
tionalist China.
Since 1911 the government at
Picking has exercised little actual
power. Power has for the main part
been usurped by succession of
military governors who have ruled
their several territories despotically
and from time to time have striyen
for control of the central govern
ment. DIR. Sun Vat Sen had been the
first president of the Chinese repub-
lie but when he found that the reyo-
luton was not sufficiently thoro-
going. and the actual power had got
ten into the hands of these military
usurpers, he kept up agitation for a
more thoro-going revolution that
would really bring to pass the es-
adjustment Of genuinely demo-
cratic government. He finally got q
foothold In the south of China, and
the spirit that precipitated the revo-
luton has gradually created an Or
DERBY and forward-looking govern
ment< controlled by the Kuomintang.
of which DR.. Sun has consistently
maintained its independence of Pek-
ing.
This Kuomintang party or 'Peo-
Pies Party is committed to the
three fundamental principles or doc
trlnes enunciated by DIR. Sun:
Min Tsu or peoples nationalism,
the principle of national equality
which includes in it's objective the Sc
curing OF freedom and self-deter-
mination for all smaller and weaker
peoples of the world, and so involves
opposition to Imperialism and every
form of political domination of de-
mocracy including free speech. free
press, and free assemblage. And Min
Sheng. or peoples livelihood, the
principle of industrial and economic
justice. This involves an economic
revolution dealing with the basic
problems of food, housing, clothing,
and communications
According to the doctrine of this
Peoples party, the present revolu-
ton is divided into three periods:
The military period, or the move-
ment towards unification, and the
Nationalist armies under Feng and