davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

Continued from First Page)
jute products are put. 1t is a somewhat
peculiar situation when the cotton in.
dustry itself uses imported jute in
wrapping cotton bales In 1925 the
United States paid nearly ST, 600. 900
for raw jute and jute butts, and it
paid $50 100000 for burlap imported
from abroad. This country in the last
calendar year paid $6,157 900 for i'm.
ported bagging for cotton bales as
compared to $3,473,000 in 1925. 1t has
been estimated that if cotton cloth
We're used for covering the raw staple.
it would require 10000 bales of cot.
ton to make this cloth each year.
1t is in the industrial uses Of cotton
that the greatest hope of those in.
terested in studying increased con.
sumption is placed. 1t is realized that
the so-called home uses of cotton are
practically static. AS a matter of fact.
household use of cotton on a per capi.
ia basis has been decreasing. 1t is
only because of the enlarged industrial
uses of the staple that per capita con.
sumption as a whole has not declined
Experts will begin Immediately to
give attention to an intensiIe study
of every industry, trade, art and pro
fession in an effort to discover new
fields for the use of cotton, calling not
only upon trade statistics, but upon
laboratories. The cotton industry very
apparently is entering upon an era OF
self analysis and aggressive effort &c
help itself which promises to become
felt in every section of the country
and, directly or indirectly, in the life
of every individual.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Why Latin American Nations Watch
Policy of u. S. With Anxious Eyes

America remains. then, as much with
the banker and business man as with
the Department of State. Because
this is so, the solution Is perhaps
surer. than if it were a diplomatic
problem alone. Diplomacy cannot
easily reverse itself. while business
can, and new concerns can learn from
the failures of old concerns, while a
government never has successor.
who is free from the necessity of
changing policy only with tact and
wide circles of adjustment.
The United States investor and ex-
porter are much more on the job tina n
either the governments Of Latin
America or that OF the United States
are well aware, however. They will
ultimately solve the problem OF Amer
lean investments. and will come to
the era of taking the risk with the
profits. The diplomacy Of the future
is turning slowly las diplomacy mustl-
into a diplomacy of friendly business
and the mOmentary excitement, the
momentary overemphasis on negotia-
tons with Mexico and Nicaragua in
Volving' the sanctity of the United
States dollar abroad. are only a pass
ing phase of adjustment. Latin Amer
lea IS uneasy now, and it would be-
well to aSSuage that uneaGiness, but
In no great time the outward urge of
American business and investment
into Latin America will have lifted
those old diplomatic subterfuges out
of their tracks and cast them back
into the onrushing sea of new Amer
lean dollars that are willing and
anxious. in the new era, to become
Argentine pesos or Nicaraguan cor
doVas, Guatemalan quetzales or Next.
can pesos. and to play the great game
of International business on a. basis OF
equity Of opportunity alone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Chair of Roman Commander i'm British
War Carefully Preserved 1900 Years

How the iron chain belonging to the
commander of Rome's British expedi-
ton against Queen Boadicea has been
preserved for almost 1900 years Is
told by it's present owner, f. J. Self
man, in Art and Archaeology. Such
a chair is one of the rarest of his
toric objects. because there was only
one to each Roman army, and the
chances of iron being preserved so
long in good condition are slim. Mr.
Seltman also owns the only complete
example of the famous Roman stand
ards which were held sacred by the
soldiers of Rome.
These two objects were at the scene
of Rome's defeat by the Britons at
the present site of Colchester, Eng
land.
Presumably" says Mr.. Seltman,
these personal insignia. with other
property from the commanders tent.
were carried in the rear, where the
guard was set upon and overpowered
by enemies eager for loot One of
them, attracted by the CLINT of the
gold and silver, possessed himself of
the standard and chair. AS he could
not carry them safely away, he COW
cred them with earth, marking the
spot so he could return later and dig
UP the booty. But this barbarian was
undoubtedly killed in the fighting that
followed, and his treasure remained
hidden until. after nearly 1900 years,
a kind fortune yielded it up
The field chair is described as an
exact counterpart OF the one shown
In the relief carvings of the Arch of
Constantine In Rome. II was made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
BY WILLIS j. RALLINGER.

"IERE is one charge of the radi-
cal agitator that business men
in America like least to face
L the charge that the ownership
of wealth in America is concen-
trated. But Alfred F. Sloan. jr.. presi-
dent of one Of the three largest cor.
porations in the world, was willing to
tackle this traditional DOGGY of owner
shin concentration in the United States
and to point out that the danger that
business faces today is not so much
concentration OF ownership. but lack
of such q concentration of the stock
in the hands Of those who actually
run the corporations.
Concentration OF ownership, to
certain degree, is the only safeguard
against the inef1iciency resulting from
too many cooks having their fingers
of command and direction in the pie
of production. Mr.. S'oan is among the
first TO raise q voice of doubt about
the heralded movement of employee
ownership of our corporations and to
Pdetect a very definite limit-a border
line where numbers of owners would
imperil efficicncy--a condition where
our corporations might be turned into
Fairgrounds for politicians and
situation where the notorious para
lying consequences of democracy and
JULIUS VII "OulO DC llli "
duced into business.
* x
Somewhere in a book about the
prince of observation-disclosures Ford
| read about his famous scrap heap of
executives composed of men who were
all in from the terrible pace demanded
of them from the enormous business
of Mr.. Ford. Somewhere else l read
+hot trap1pn6onG strain irylnnSoH
on the modern business man is taking
frightful toll in the short-livedness
of our American executives.
Mr.. Sloan impressed me as a man
working under terrific pressure. /
found out that he spends half his time
in Detroit and New York. Every
minute of his day is claimed by in
tense concentration on difficult prob
lens of corporation policy or an en-
acting drudgery of routine administra-
ton.
And Mr.. Sloan himself-a tall, lank,
soft spoken gentleman of 81, with a
long aquiline nose (wasnt it Napoleon
who said, when l want difficult work
we'll done. find me a man with long
nose?'1 and q smile of tremendous hui
man sympathy.
PITY the poor laborer" ought to be
revised to read PITY the poor execu-
tive, VINO WORKS a1ler hours ana De-
fore hours, lives a life that too ofen
speedily exhausts him physically and
mentally and casts man frequently
in his prime on the scrap heap of
used-up executives"
x *
The enormous scale upon which
business is now done, Mr.. Sloan be-
lieves, has not only changed the
methods of industrial management.
but it has also brought about an
entirely new conception of the rela-
ton of business to the public. There
was a time when corporations Of
, large size were so new that it was
natural for the men who created them
to feel that they owned them in the
old sense Of private ownership Of
purely personal business. They re:
sented the idea that the public should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Holds Industry Has Too Many Owners

put the whole sum into q great pot the
total would be but little over a billion
and a half. If every income over
$4,000 We're to be piled up the total
would be about $4,000 900 900: But II
we take the incomes under S1O,OOO a
year and pool them we get q gigantic
total of about $4,000 100000. me
wealth of the Nation is very widely
diffused. And this Is leading up to a
very important problem for our cor
porations.
1--WE are experiencing a tendency
TO CiiffuSe stock ownership TO a pClht
where it affects the efficiency or man
agement and the responsibility OF Tue
corporation. There is a point beyond
which the diffusion of stock owner
ship enfeebles a corporation oy de-
priving it Of virile management upon
the part of some one man or group
of men to whom it's success is matter
of personal and vital interest. AT the
same time the public Is unable to 10
cate some tangible personality Wltnln
the ownership which it may noio re-
sponsible for the corporation con-
duct.
I'VE are deliberately averting such
A. condition in General MOtofS. ~
day. while a large part or our STOCK
| is owned by over $4,000 stockholders'
the remainder Isl actually owned oy
very small group This small group
regard the smaller stockholders IuiIy
az mariners in the enterprise ana mas
| f,1li regard for the happiness ana
| health of our 5000 employees, out
they constitute a buffer to the @nroaos
| Of democracy in business ana give "
| General Motors a concentrated owner
ship that safeguards efficiency.
"Tn this small group of people VINO
control General Motors are the senior
executives who must formulate oul
big. broad policies and direct Ihcil
! execution They are directly tieu u
with the success or failure or Genera
Motors in which they form such ar
imnortant part; and in addition to TINS
thew have at stake a personal invest
| nent of a substan tial amount repre-
sented bv stock ownership. 1t is only
| fair to recognize that irrespective OF
the important contribution to the cor
| nora tons success a tremendous re
| sponsibility rests on the major execu
| tiyes who must take the responsibility
of formulating policies and directing
the corporations affairs. Men must
be available who have initiative, eX
perience and ability. 1t Is beIleFec
| that the best results will be obtained
1
investment in the success of the cor
poration as a whole
X X
| II gather from our talk. Mr.. Sloan,
said, two points-.business today is
in the good graces of public opinion
so much so that we can look forward
to an era of great prosperity. Instead
of having a dangerous problem o.
J-xx fnft f5s
today, as the radical agitator would
have the people believe, we are really
faced with serious problem of sucl
a wide diffusion Of the ownership o.
our corporations by millions of small
investors that unless we begin tC
regulate and control such diffusion o
ownership it may have very detri
mental consequences on the efficiency
of business"
To this he agreed.
tCopyright 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Continued from First Page.)

Continued from First Page)
in Latin America need not be decried
or defended. The situation is a psy-
Geological one. and prejudices and
fears are therefore as real as material
facts. Most of the feeling in Latin
America is incohate. OF course, but
basically it has this theme as it's
source.
Solution Is Not Easy.
The solution is not an easy one
there are no easy answers to the
interviewer problems of inter-American
diplomacy. But the road, at least, is
clear enough, and time is working to-
ward the solution. The fetish of the
United States citizenship" of the
dollars invested in Latin America
must be destroyed in the Latin Amer
lean mind.
The power to cure the suspicion and
unrest Of Latin America on this score
lies only in part with the Department
of State, however. There, there has.
always been scrupulous care not to
attain the appearance of unfairness
in its touch on financial dealings with
Latin America: the department tends,
actually. to lean over backwards in
defending the rights of the smaller
nations of America in negotiations
with bankers and investors here. To
prevent the imposition of onerous
terms has been a basic policy in the
supervision of international loans. But
the banker and investor, in both ma
tional and private loans to Latin
America. have been inclined to over
emphasize the risks and the need of
commensurate gains, and so to ask
for more than the situation justifies
or than they expect. The duty of
correction of the feeling in Latin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

outside he will be frightened. Not
knowing the cause of the sound, he
may become afraid of building blocks
Fear of cats, furry objects and even
of goldfish may be established firmly
in young child by just such asso.
Citations"
The child who developed a terror
of goldfish by watching them while
a thunder storm was in progress was
retrained to like these pets, the psy-
chiatrist showed. The child's meals
were given to him, with the goldfish
at a cautious distance in tho same
room. Gradually he became accus-
toned to seeing them, and they did
not thunder at him, and in time his
fear vanished.
eve are apt to regard a child as
naturally willful. or sullen. or day
dreaming" he said "But If the emo.
tional patterns are inherited, they can
be shaped or changed almost at will,
and we will have to become useA 10
the idea"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

might consider necessary toward
protection of British lives or prop
erty in China. Now, since Mr.. Chen
alleged the British naval and mill
tary dispositions anent Shanghai to
be the cause of his delay in sign
Ing the Hankow- Kiukiang agreement,
his signing, at last, of that agree
ment may properly be interpreted
as implying acquiescence in the
British reservation.
The following observations upon
the outcome Of the long negotiation
between Mr.. Chen and Mr.. O'Malley
seem appropriate. That moderation
has gained the ascendant, at least
for the present, in kuomintanS
counsels: that British prestige has
not been impaired, but to the con-
trary has markedly been enhanced,
by the agreement and understandings.
it being fairly apparent that the
moderate Nationalist, having re-
gard to the future, are eager for
friendly relations with Britain.
though, of course. with the least
possible loss of face" to themselves.
and that Mr. O'Malley has proved him.
self a great negotiator. 1t was up
to Mr.. O'Malley to make in the
name of his government certain con-
cessions which that government was
very willing to make on large
grounds of equity and which happened
to coincide with immediate consider
atoms Of expediency, and he must
make those concessions without
detriment to British prestige and
without prejudice to the present
position or the prospects of British
trade in China.
Mr.. O'Malley has triumphed; in
I'D faSs 81
confident that the general British
policy, which Ia being pursued with
intelligence, magnanimity and hu-
morous aplomb will triumph in the
end. But as regards the immediate
future, it Is by no means certain that
Mr.. Chen can make good on his
promises in face of the Nationalist
wild men.
The Shanghai strike, organized by
Nationalist agitators, which began on
February 10, and in which at its peak
something over 100000 workers par
ticipated, was intended as a kind of
rehearsal, and reflects credit on the
technique of the organizers. Sun
Chuan-F'engs chief of police. however,
had a Roland for the oliver of the
agitators. He sent about the Chinese
city mot, Of course, the foreign set
tlements) execution patrols" of sol
diers, each followed by an executioner
with broadsword. These patrols,
| when they saw a native who seemed
to be agitating. seized him, and the
executioner piled his sword; no trial
and no time wasted on fussy exami.
| nation. This procedure appears to
have spoiled the strike. which was
called off on Thursday.
WI Pei-Fu's doings and intentions
are still swathed in mystery. APP
parently he still holds up the advance
of Chang Tso-Lin's forces through
! Honan against Hankow. One report
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

to remember when railroads were just
Instruments in the tool kit of certain
picturesque adventurers.
Yes" / said, William X. Wander
bilt once boosted that he owned ~
per cent outright of the stock OF
the New York Central, and this boast
led to a state investigation.
"The Great Northern at one time
was a sort Of registered trade name
for James j. HILL 1t was not long
ago when six men owned more than
81 per cent of the Standard Oil Co.
"But today contemplate the increase
in owners of our corporations. The
Great Northern, over which the great
figure of James Hill once lowered, has
44,905 stockholders-the 20 largest of
them hold a little more than 10 per
cent of the stock and Hills son, the
president, is not among them.
"In the New York Central where
Vanderbilt once owned nine-tenths OF
all the stock, the Vanderbilt family
now owns only about 6 per cent. The
dominant figure is George F.. Baker
and his holdings are but 1880 shares
out of 3,048,327. One hundred and
forty-five thousand persons today own
the Pennsylvania Railroad. Two
decades agosthe General Electric had
only 5000 owners. Today it is owned
by $4,000 stockholders. The public
utilities of the Nation are owned by
5000, 900 or 5000 900 stockholders.
THE corporations today are being
owned by the people. But what about
the charge Of the agitator that we
have a menace of wealth concentra
ton in this country which Is eating
like a canker into the heart of social
stability"
X X
"Our problem today is not so much
one of wealth concentration as it is OF
wealth diffusion" replied Mr.. Sloan
at is the small investor that is at
forling the sinews for production for
our corporations. For instance, il
every man In the Nation with an in
come of over $50 900 a wear Were t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Parents Often Shape Child's Personality
Without Being Conscious of Process

How parents shape the personalities
of their children for good or bad by
simple methods is explained by DIR.
Leslie b. Holman, psychiatrist 1T
Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Parents should know that tho build
ing up Of emotional patterns in chill
dren is not In the hands of whimsical
fate, DIR. Holman declared. The emo
tional adventures of young children,
which become so firmly established
into life patterns, are built up by
methods that may be easily under.
stood.
A baby is born with the simplest of
emotional equipment. the speaker
pointed out. 1t shows signs of anger
If it is held so it cannot move, and 1t
shows fear If it's ears are assailed by
loud noise or If it feels it's support
slipping from it. ~
Fear of anything can be aroused
in a child by associating it with a
loud noise," DIR. Holman explained.
"If a baby's blocks are given to him
just az he hears q big dog barking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
SOUNDS WARNING

Business orators have been
Boosting about the manner III
which stock ownership has been
diffused in this country and how
the ownership of corporations
has been coming gradually into
the hands of an army of small
investors.
Now the head OF perhaps the
largest industrial organization in
the world-the General Motors
Co.'s the first big business
man to lit his voice against
this.
Mr.. Sloan in the accompany
ing interview points out that
stock diffusion has gone too tar
and insists that business re-
examine itself in order to have
responsibility i'll management
fortified and strengthened and
steadied by actual ownership OF
stock.
He fears an era in which the
Americans weakness for politics
will make itself felt i'll Our bust
ness corporations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

be told anything about their business,
Just as much as they would have
resented the idea that the pubic
should be told anything about their
intimate family life. THE public be
damned" was a natural enough feac-
ton of these pioneers in corporation
management.
Corporations are no longer aloof.
said Mr.. Sloan ito the suggestion
that they give public accountings OF
themselves, because of the fact tnat
our corporations today are in the
process of being owned by the
people"
Few people know it," interjected,
"but American business is going
through a process of sociallZatlon
without socialism. Ever since the
Communist manifesto the radical
agitator has rallied at the entrepren'
eur who has seized from the crafts
man his tools of production. Today
the entrepreneur remains-but he Is
no longer a creature of flesh and
blood--or blood and iron. as some have
been pleased to picture him. He has
become an impersonal organism-the
corporation. The organism retains
possession of the tools, but is falling
into possession of the worker due to
customer and employe ownership.
This amounts to a social recapture or
the tools by the worker and also ex-
plains why the modern corporation is
far on the road to conducting its
business with glass pckets. as Pier
pont Morgan predicted they would
4 X
This ownership of our corpora
tions by the worker Mr.. Sloan
continued, land the public has been
growing at a tremendous pace. /
need only cite few examples. Once
business was charged with being in
the grasp of few ruthlesS Oligarchs.
AS q noted writer on business has
said:
Zone need not have a gray beard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27

The Japanese government cordially
accepted the Presidents proposal.
Comdr. de Pinedo's great feat OF
supervolating the Atlantic was some
what married by circumstances beyond
his control. Finding it impossible to
take off from Bolama, Portuguese
Guinea, with his required load of fuel
for curious technical reason relat-
ing to the intense tropical heat, he
few to Porto Praya, Cape Verde Is
lands, with a reduced load, tanked up
there, and, after several unsuccessful
attempts, finally took off thence at
ITO am. on Tuesday for Natal. in
Brazil. At 2:45 pm. he was over the
ceeded on. But contrary wind
slowed him down and wildly pre-.
sented the peril of fuel exhaustion,
so. after a space he turned and flew
back to Fernando Noronha, where.
with the aid Of q Brazilian ship, he
anchored in the harbor at about 5
pm. The dispatches convey the i'm
preston that without such aid the
machine would have been wrecked. AS
1t was, she sustained considerable
damage. On Thursday the COM
mander flew to Natal.
The distance from Porto Praya TO
Fernando Noronha Is about 1,43O
miles, and thence to Natal is about
270 miles. The nonstop fight OF
Capt. Alcock, in 1919, from Newfound-
to be, for several reasons, the supreme
classic of supra-Atlantic flying, but
Comdr. de Pinedo has appreciably
added to an already great reputation.
X e.
rI,sx,n ~, L>nt,,.,,ox,, orraa
ment respecting the British conces'
sions at Hankow and Kiukiang was
signed by Eugene Chen, foreign minis
ter of the Chinese Nationalist (Wu.
chang) government, and Mr.. O'Malley.
British charge d'affaires at Hankow.
The agreement provides that on
March IS, the British municipalities
at Hankow and Kiukiang shall be
converted into Chinese municipalities
the administrations whereof shall be
in general modelled on those of the
old British municipalities, but with
Chinese instead of, as OF old. British
representation preponderating on the
municipal councils; assurances. of
course, being given as to safeguard
ing of British interests. Simultane.
ment, interesting notes were eX.
changed. Mr.. Chen reasserted the
claim of his government to represent
all China and it's resolve to recover
Chinese sovereignty in toto. while
redeclaring it's intention to use nego
tiation rather than force to secure its
ends with respect to the foreign
powers.
Mr.. O'Malley declared that his
government does not recognize the
| Chinese Nationalist government
claim to represent all China, and
| in precise terms reserved his gov
| ernment's right to use it's military anC
| naval forcas i'm Whatoyer wavs i,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-27
Church i'm Holland !.
Seeks Modest Dress

A grave morality crisis prevails In.
the country districts of Holland, where
the church has started a vehement
campaign against the modern fashions
or women. The church wardens OF,
the Netherlands Reformed Church at
Putten. a small place in the province
or Geldersland, have decided not to
Diess any married couple IL the bride
Is considered immodestly dressed
Even IL she has bobbed hair hsr
wedding VIII be denied conservation
by the church. :.