davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

which have three or more children.
In other words, were each family to
receive an income sufficient to sup.
port four members, more than two
thirds of the children would be made.
quately provided for. since they
would be in families of more than
four members"
The study. which aims to add to
the meager statistical data available
on the American family. shows the
important economic point that in a
four-child family the parents carry
the burden of child care and depend
ency over an average period of "a
years. During Z years of this time one
child is cared for, during another
seven-year period, two children; DUR
ing six years. three children, and
during the last four years. four
children.
The popular idea that the father,
single-handed, supports his family.
was found true in only three-ffths OF
the families. In the other two-fifths
the wife, or children, or both were
listed as wage earners.
The number of children in divorced
homes and the number of children
living in lodging houses and hotels
was very small.
Some light on the question of
whether married women work because
of necessity or in order to have
careers is obtained through figures
showing that 20 per cent of the wives
Of the unskilled laborers are gain.
fully employed, while only IL per cent
of the wives of the managerial and
executive group are earners.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

ington Government, a matter of prime
Importance, as having to do with one
of those three feet the tripod of Presi.
dent Gomezs power.
x y X
How soon President Gomez plans to
retire is another question, on which
the VeneZuelans do not like to specu-
late. At best-even with a successor
of the character and ability of DR..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT is none too happy
at the prospect of change. The stu
alton is unquestionably better than it
was four years ago, when an illness
of President Gomez caused the banks
to put up their shutters and business
became slow and cautious until bet.
ter news came of the health of the old
dictator. That was shortly after the
death of the Presidents brother, and
the succession was then, indeed, a
topic of which men talked only in
whispers. for there was no successor
visible. Now there is Jose Vicente, to
be sure, but beyond him there is DR..
Arcaya, and the word that comes to
Washington is reassuring in that
much. But the fact that Mr.. Garcia
Naranjo said nothing at all in his
book about the succession may prob
ably be taken as indicating that the
President does not plan to retire, or
at least does not want to think about
1t. So Americans, official and unoff1-
cial, who are interested in Venezuela
continue to wait for a certainty to
take the place of the uncertainty.
The true progress of Venezuela will
come, these feel, only when that
strong and wealthy country passes
the crisis that apparently must come
with the end of the long rule of Presi-
dent Gomez.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

mankind through scientific legisla-
tion?" I asked.
"No, because the people want to
be let alone. They don't want any
more rapid progress. They want to
be able to enjoy in quiet the fruits of
the progress they have made. If we
are always going to be trying some
thing new we won't have time to
enjoy the progress we have made.
Business men and scientists in the
everyday world are doing much more
than they could achieve in politics.
1t is because business and science are
doing so much for the life of the
average man that politics Is being
deserted like a sinking ship by men of
talent and ability"
"And you look for our politics to
continue to be leaderless?" I queried.
II hope So" snapped Mr.. Seitz.
Our political leaders have made a
lot of noise; but it is the community
that has made progress with the help
of such factors as the teacher, the in
ventor and the scientist. 1t isn't
politics that has given us vacuum
cleaners, radios, victrolas, accounted
posing savings deposits as a nation,
our plenty and prosperity as people.
That has come from the work outside
of politics, from the minds of scien-
lists and inventors, and from the
brains of our people trained in our
great school system.
Leaders Work Completed.
"Then you don't see much to re-
greet in the passing of our giant politi-
cal leaders of the past?" I asked.
"They did their part. They settled
the political issues that we have had.
Their work is done. Politics no longer
has any issues save possibly one
one II we were honest--and that Is
the tariff. But from Washington on
down / am glad that our days of
political leadership are over. They
have settled problems, it is true, but
they have cost humanity pretty
penny In human suffering entailed by
the wars they have caused"
"Will you go to lunch?" asked the
grim-faced character before me.
Never lunch, he shot back, and as
I went out the doorway he seemed
lost In a reverie upon the tree Of
Individual isnn IN our age of standard
lied and blpodlesS personalities. as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

IN ERLIN.-Berlin has become g
- neutral observatory in the
great Anglo-Russian struggle
D for prestige which has fol
lowed the ARGOS raid and the
breaking off of diplomatic relations.
II now e possible to study the weap-
ons employed by both sides, as well
as the numerous attempts made to
circumvent the harmful effects of
this sss1.tc of moral and commercial
war.
The British have two weapons
against Russia-first, London's ca.
pacity to influence Russian credit
throughout the world in a harmful
sense, and. second, her refusal to con-
tinue to discount and rediscount Rus.
sian bills.
Prior to the break in diplomatic
relations almost all of Russia's bills
in Europe and America were redis,
counted in London, especially by the
Westminster Bank, Midland Bank.
Lazar Brothers, Japhet & Co. and
Brandeis, Goldsmith & Co. These COM
panies have officially ceased their dis
counting activities as has Lloyds, who
insured bills and merchandise against
disturbance by political trouble
strikes, etc, at cost of about
s to 10 per cent. The immediate
result was the vast raising of the
discount on Russian bills, which rose
on blank exchange" in Berlin from
ID to IS per cent and in London to
81 per cent. Bankers all over the
world grew nervous about Russia and
exporters reduced considerably the
quantity of their exports.
British Cut Credits.
The British seem to believe that
they can. by credit restriction, force
the Russians to pay cash and quickly
exhaust their funds. then force them
to accept a new agreement whereby
all forms of propaganda, which were
really proving harmful to the inter.
ests of the British Empire. can be
eliminated and Russian prestige shat.
tered.
The main questions are: First,
Can the British influence the world to
undo business in Russia? Second,
How long can the Bolsheviki finances
last? s
The writer has reason to believe
that so far the Russians are holding
up well and have succeeded in inflict-
ing several defeats on Great Britain.
One of these was in the oil contro-
versy. An agreement with the Vacu-
UNI Oil Co. gives the Russian trust
strong position. Not only does the
Vacuum Oil Co. agree to leave the i'm
portant German market to the Russian
government, but Russia has gained
almost a monopoly of so-called bunker
oil, which is supplied to ships passing
through Port Said. During the Is
years this agreement will be in force
part of the Russian oil is to be re-
fined in the Vacuum plants in Aus
tria. A Russo-German petroleum
company which sought to import lu-
bricating oil from the Anglo Persian
wells in Persia has found the product
too light and has been forced to give
its contracts to the Russians.
800 Industries Are Victims.
1t must be remembered that where
es England occupied only third place
as seller TO Russia, she held first place
as buyer. therefore the British inter.
ests suffer more than the Russians.
since she needs Russian raw mate.
rails. E
The Russians are obtaining rubber
from England through Holland and
machinery from Czechos,ovakia, es-
pecially from the big firm of Wit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
Moro Preying Sleuths
Soon to Be Disbanded

Upon order of Gen. Wood, as gov
ernor general of the Philippines, spe-
cial policemen and plain-clothes men
who have been on duty with provin-
cial governors in the Mohammedan
Philippines, Mindanao and Suiu are
to be dismissed. AS they have been
serving without compensation, dis
missal will cost them nothing and,
being a mere formality, will amount
to as much. Some fine morning soon
they will be told TO go. Some boding
afternoon soon after they will be
asked to make another informal in
vestigation. In the end they will con-
tinue their trade of tale-bearing.
"Ostensibly maintaining order, they
do more to foment disorder in the
Moro provinces falling under their
Jurisdiction" Is the explanation ac-
companying the order to fire them.
But the innocent, upon whom they
impose, will hardly learn of their dis
missal. The rural Moro will think
them still powerful atfcourt and con.
tribute as Of yore to retain their good
will sFkf #szs.s5sf sfkss s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
Presidential Status i'm Venezuela
Continued from First Page.)

Continued from First Page.)
gossip we heard, of his administration
in Sonora. and GO his personal habits.
Only today are we learning that all
this gossip was a reflection of the bit.
ter determination of the Mexicans
that, whatever happened, they would
not be rued by man who had been
elected by another for that rulership.
Such influences are working against
Jose Vicente Gomez as the successor
to his father, and the indications now
are that a former Minister of Vene.
zuela to Washington, DR.. Pedro Man.
uel Arcaya, Is being groomed for the
place of successor to President Gomez
behind the screen of Jose Vicente's
vice presidency. The reports reach
ing Washington are that President
Gomez has turned rather reluctantly
from his son to DIR. Arcaya, but that
the old Presidents genuinely close
touch with Venezuelan politics has
shown him the unwisdom of the DIV.
nasty idea.
DIR. ArcaJa is now minister of the
interior. the ranking officer in Presi-
dent Gomez's cal met, and is slated
for the post Of secretary general or
prime minister, now vacant. He is a
man Of broad interests, cultured and
widely travelled, the chief authority
on the history of Venezuela, and is
forceful as well as scholarly. He was
highly regarded in Washington and
has been friendly and helpful to the
American interests now developing
the resources of Venezuela. Also, the
belief in Venezuela is that he is espe.
cially persona grata with the Wash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

Continued from First Page.)
how we'll governed in comparison it
is today. We have evolved to a point
of stability in our politics. The
course is so we'll charted that our
political institutions no longer require
originality and brains to run them.
Perhaps there is a deeper cause"
What is that?" I asked.
politics used to be the whole show
in our social life. The community
echoed politics. Today politics echoes
the achievements of the community.
Factors outside of politics are con.
trolling politics. Legislation is in the
hands of corporation lawyers. Lead.
ers, therefore. prefer not to be mouth
pieces. And politics has become
merely the mouthpicce of factors that
munity."
You don't care, then, how medi.
OGRE our politics grow?"
Not a bit. We are very lucky to
have mediocre talent in politics today.
The people have had too much of
political leadership and are tired of
being led around by the nosa by a
Bryan, a Roosevelt or a Wilson. They
want to be let alone so that they can
enjoy the material prosperity they
have created. Our politics are issue.
less and the people want them to re,
main so. Whenever we get political
leadership, personal ambitions, par
tisanship make goats of the people. F."
"You don't think we are indebted
to any great political leaders in our
history?" l asked.
ITO none of Them" answered Mr..
SeitZ. Our progress has come from
the teacher. the scientist, the inven-
tor. We are seeing through the hum.
bug of political leaders that have
always tried to make out that they
were saving a country which was in
reality never lost. Political leadership
has caused all of our wars. II we had
kept politics out there would have
been no wars. People have become
justifiably suspicious of political
leadership. They want to be let alone
by politics."
Let Peolse Alone.
"And you don't think that if we
elected a national legislature Of
eminent scientists they would beuef7f
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
DR.. Cadman Defends Imperialism
Denies BbeBatleshp Alliance

passed resolution demanding that mission
aries leave China. They ascribed to mission.
aries the cause of a great deal of unrest in
China"
IT am delighted to defend missionaries" re-
piled DR.. Cadman, and very serious look came
over his face 1.-THE healthiest force in inter-
national politics today is the missionary. The
missionary takes a statesmanlke view of the
world and advocates the disarming of hearts
filled with hate and prejudice. Missionaries
have always been the advance agents Of civil
lization, and they will have to continue to be
for some time to come. 1t is SANDER to accuse
them of being pawns in any conspiracy of in
ternational exploitation. Religion has usually
been purest at the borders of civilization and
decadent at the centers of civilization.
missionaries and ministers are conspicuous
in the news of the day because Of their callings
They are held to much higher standards of con.
duct than the average man. Any missionary
minister who gets into any kind of trouble
Immediately becomes of news value to the
press. That is not true Of the average mortal.
Should they be involved in the slightest scrape
they find themselves on the front page in TO-
point type"
you don't think, then, that missionaries
are responsible for Imperialism" asked.
"For my part, I wouldn't mind it If mis-.
sionaries were responsible for the kind Of i'm
perialism the world knows today. There are a
great many people in the twentieth century
who are ruled by the ghosts of the nineteenth
century or centuries further back. There are
people today who are still thinking in terms of
1895 about the business world. There are peo-
pie today who think about the church in terms
or It's Babylonian captivity the day of per.
secution and extortion. And there are people
who insist on confounding eighteenth century
imperialism with twentieth century imperial
ism.
montinned On Ninnt na.4h d.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

country since the war" Neverthe-
less, she perforated, 1.-THE scandals that
were rather hopefully foretold when
It was decided to admit women have
not taken place."
There is both pathos- and comedy in
this effort of the dons to set the clock
back to stem the Overwhelming flood.
Kelvin O'Higgins, Vice President Of
the Irish Free State, minister of JUS
tice and minister of external affairs,
has been assassinated. Three men at.
tackled him with pistol fire as he was
on his way to mass last Sunday.
Comment would be superfuous.
1t will be recalled that Michael Col.
Inns was done to death in the same
way. Mr.. O'Higgins was perhaps the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
BY OWEN ID. YOUNG.

Credited by Gen. Dawes as the real creator
OF the Dawes plan.
Unconsciously, in the minds Of all,
business has been taking on new
standards for group action. Under
the old standards business functioned
long and well. Under it each man
ran his business as he pleased, SUBJ
Ject only to the law of the land and
the moral restraints existing in the
community in which he lived. Bust
ness was simple-it was individual
It was done only in a limited area
mostly in the small community
where public opinion Joined the law
and the church as censors of business
conduct.
Then the area of business opera
tons widened. The products dealt in
became highly specialized and tech.
meal. This widening area of bust.
ness and the highly specialized char
acter Of the goods outstripped all
local sanctions and tended to leave
the individual free from restraints
except those of the law. The law,
however. is not a satisfactory censor.
1t functions in the clear light of
wrongdoing-things so wrong that
the community must protect itself
against them. Set over against the
law on the opposite side is the clear
light OF right doing-things which
are so generally appealing to the con-
science or all that no mistake could
be made. no matter how complicated
the business.
individuality Disappears.
The area Of difficulty for business
lies in the penumbra between the
two When business was simple and
local 1t was fairly easy for local pub
lie opinion to penetrate the Swallowed
area. When business became com.
plicated and widespread 1t was in
this area that all restraints were re-
moved. 1t was in this Swallowed
space that troublesome practices were
born. 1t was from acts here that sus-
picions Of business arose. 1t was the
loss of these normal restraints which
caused business to suffer.
Men of character began to realize
that the success Of their business de.
pended. not alone upon what they
did, but. in some measure. what
others in the same line of business
did They began to form trade asso.
Citations. first. merely to promote ac.
quaintance and to create morale in
the organization which would. in a
sense, be substitution for the public
opinion OF the local community in the
earlier days.
Quick 10 Grasp Group Action.
So far as the public is concerned,
organized business has been quick
TO take the advantages of group ac-
ton, but has been slow to assume
group responsibilities. Too frequent.
ly business men have acquiesced
even il they did not participate, In
Objectionable practices until an out
ragged society compelled amateurs to
interfere. The amateurs were fire.
quently in the legislature and un'
wise laws were enacted. Legislature
reached out for abuses they could
readily observe. but the causes OF
which they did not fully understand
In fact. products have become so
highly technical and the rules Of bust
ness so complicated that it is diff
cult, If not impossible. for any one
other than business men. and, for the
most part, only those in the same
line Of business. to sit in judgment
on unfair practices which the law
cannot well reach and which the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

equally plausible explanation why the
authorities should be cold to the
women-namely. that the distracting
presence of women has diminished
that close application to academic
pursuits for which Oxford men have
been so famous. She might, with
fine scorn. have cited Loves Labor's
Lost" in that connection. She in.
dignantly denied the not infrequent
assertion that the opening wide of the
doors to women had resulted in too
free relations between the sexes She
admitted tat the relations had very
greatly changed" but observed, as
sufficient comment thereon, that
this had been the case with young
men and women throughout the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
HOLDS MODERN TRADE GROUPS
ELEVATE BUSINESS STANDARDS
''keal Creator" of Dawes Plan Claims Organizations
Have Kept Policies on High Plane Since
Abolition Of Individualism.

church cannot well understand But
gradually through trade association
codes of conduct are being developed,
and rules are emerging to enforce
standards both as to character of
goods and methods of trading. which
are designed to afford proper protec-
ton to the members of the organize
ton and for the better service of
society.
It is these self-imposed rules de.
signed to enforce standards on the
entire group engaged in similar bust
ness that is the distinguishing mark
OF modern business.
Copyright. 1877
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
BY WILLIS j. BALLINGER.

HAVE heard about Klansmen who en-.
braced catholicism. pious monks who
Joined the army, hard boiled soldiers who
entered monasteries. scions Of wealth who
denounced the existing order Of things. red.hot
agitators who became ardent spokesman for
conservatism and the status quo. but for the
first time / have heard of divine who. though
being noted advocate of peace and for the
outlawry of war. also defend imperialism
the commonly supposed nightmare to all min.
listers.
MANY people decry Imperialism. but they
forget that Imperialism has sometimes been
the torch bearer Of progress. Only as forward
nations have helped backward countries and
brought them into contact with progressive
ideas has savagery been routed 1 wish we had
more imperialism like the British Empire in
the world"
DR.. Samuel Parkes Cadman, voted by 20 900
American ministers one of our most eloquent
and distinguished preachers, spoke these words
as he sat back in his study chair and looked
at me in benevolent way. The kindness of
his smile made quite contrast with the SEEM
ingy autocratic sentiments that he was ex.
pressing. This defense of Imperialism from the
pulpit came as result of my plying Dr. Cad,
man with questions about missionaries as in.
ternational trouble makers.
few weeks ago was seated on the mezza.
nine of upstate New York hotel. Not far
away rather prosperouslooking business man
was reading a magazine. while his companion
looked over the railing Suddenly he put it
down and remarked, THAT certainly Is the
truth" "What?" asked his friend First
come the Bibles and then the battleships" he
smiled. Before the missionary came to North.
ern Africa or India the people had plenty Of
land. but no Bibles. Today they have plenty
of Bibles but no land. That is why never
give cent to foreign missions" he concluded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

won three.fourths majority. Such
Is politics in Rumania.
The total value Of Turkish exports
to the United States in 1926 was
greater by 26 per cent than that of
the 1925 exports. The leading export
commodities are tobacco. rugs and
mohair. SIR a
The i-Power Naval Conference
at Geneva Is still unable to reach
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

1.-THE missionary has always been the advance
agent for exploiting other people,
And in May sat talking with noted Brit
ish churchman, who today is a wealthy and
prosperous business man in England but who
began his career as missionary. Had to
quit" he said to me. Found too much high
living among missionaries to suit my ideas Of
what missionary should be like"
And SO I said to DR.. Cadman, Don't you
think, DR.. Cadman, that lot of international
trouble has been caused by missionaries? Re.
Gently number of religious organizations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

Eighteen hundred sizes of uniforms
for postmen in Great Britain have to-.
be kept In stock.
Railway lines from Stuttgart, Ger !,
many, to the Swiss border win bs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
BY HENRY w. BUM.

y HE following is brief summary
of the most important news of
the world for the seven days
ended July 16:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

Continued on Nineteenth Page5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
Let Poorly Alone.

/ "And you don't think that II we
elected a national legislature Of
eminent scientists they would heueflt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17
Present Mediocre Situation i'm u. S.
Politics Held Safeguard to ALI

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-17

N0tes.-In the recent Rumanian
general elections Liberals (party Of
Ion Bratiano,' the premierl won
about 30 per cent Of the seats, most
OF the remainder going to members
Of the fttonal, Peasant party. The
PEOPLES party Of Gen. Avarescu, late.
~ premier, did not win q single seat