davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1927-09-08
BANDITS LOOT BANK
Nv I7nited Press Leas"d Wtve

PONETO. Ind, Sept. s. Bandits
today cracked the vault of the Far
mers State Pank here and escaped
with S54 600 in cash and securities.
Most Of the loot was in bonds,
MANY of which were believed ne
gotiable. Cash stolen totalled $4,000.
Imperial Valley press., 1927-09-08

Huston Durar, Brawley, Imperial
county, has several lunches of Kadi-
mar grapes that weigh more than
four pounds each.
Imperial Valley press., 1927-09-08

HARBOR GRACE, n. F.,
Sept. S. C. A. Schiller and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
Soviet Russia After Ten Years
Report of the American Trade Union Delegation UssR

Allowances are also made by the insurance
department to meet the costs of civil burial
The amounts paid vary according to the costs
IN the various BELTS The amounts allowed
for children is one-half that for adults. The
countrywide average for the two amounted
in March to $14
In all some S400,000,00O will be spent for
social insurance this year. This is entirely
paid by the industries of the country and
forms an average charge of slightly over Is
per cent of the payroll. This is an apprecia-
BILE reduction of the rate as compared with
1923-1924 when it was as high as % per
cent, although approximately two-thirds of
this was not collected, because of its highness
and the still crippled condition of industry.
At present, however, virtually all the assess
ments are being collected promptly and the
earlier unpaid amounts are being reduced
Labor Administration
Progressive labor laws in other countries
are frequently nullified in practice by being
entrusted to unsympathetic officials for en-
forcenent. In Russia the officers of the labor
department are actually appointed by the
trade unions themselves. The Al-Russian
Central Council of Trade Unions dominates
the heads of the Commissariat Of Labor, and
its decision is obligatory upon the govern
ment, while the provincial heads are nominal
ed by the respective trade union councils.
This is also true of the local heads of the So
cial insurance and employment departments
and of the local arbitrators. The separate
unions also nominate the heads of the various
individual departments within the labor ex-
changes. The labor laws are therefore en-
forced by representatives of the trade unions.
The fact that the trade unions are also con-
suited by the government trusts in the ap-
pointment of managers and that the shop
committees and unions have power to file
complaints about the conduct of managers
means that both the administration of the in
Gustries and of the laws is in the hands of the
workers themselves.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
YOUNG COMRADE SECTION
COOPERATION

This issue is special cooperative children's is
sue All articles and poems including many we
could not print for lack of space were written by
members of the Cooperative Pioneer Group. These
children live with their parents in of the Co.
operative Houses in New York City. Their parents
are members of the cooperative movement of Amer
ica We very glad to present this issue to the
children of the working class who must learn the
need for solidarity and cooperation.
What is the workers cooperative movement? The
workers cooperative organization is first a work
ers organization. Secondly it's purpose is to elm
mate the boss who gets something for doing moth
ing, in other words to do away with profits This
has already been done, for example, in the houses
where the children live. The cooperative, or the
workers themselves the landlords, and they do
not have to pay large rents which include big
profits. The same thing has been done in the food
industry. We have cooperative bakeries where
food is sold to members at cost We have coopera-
tive schools where teaching is sold at cost.
This movement is very important one and should
be supported by workers and children. Cooperatives
play very important role during a revolution and
Immediately after, for example in Russia. They
help to feed the workers where industry becomes
paralyzed. But it is also very important to remem-
Der that true cooperation can only exist under a
workers and poor farmers government and that
must be our main aim.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29

building plans have been small. In addition
building materials have been inadequate.
The trade unions, the co0peratives and the
industries themselves are now carrying on an
extensive housing program. For example, in
Tiflis, the capital of the Federation of Trans
Caucasian Soviet Republics, the trade unions,
with the help of government loans, have re-
placed novels with modern homes. Here the
apartment type prevails, each one with a
large dining room and a kitchen where food
is prepared and served at cost. Large gard
ems surround these apartments, containing
outdoor motion pictures, hand stands, and
stages for theatrical productions In each
building there is also a theater and a club
room.
In apartment houses built by labor organi-
zations the apartments are all alike, but rent
varies in direct proportion to the wage earned
by the tenant. In some Of the best apart
ments which we visited the rent ranges from
S1.50 to $500 per month, and less. No rent
is charged to union members out of work
This does not mean that every worker in Tiff
lis, or in any other Russian city, is ideally
housed, but it does mean that the workers in
the new homes are far better housed than
they were under the old regime.
Another instrument for better housing is
the cooperative building societies which have
developed chiefly in industrial sections. Over
5000 cooperative apartment houses were built
by these societies last year. In one section
of Moscow the co0peratives are now con-
structing % large apartments which will alto
gether house nearly $4,000 people. These
apartments all have a central building con-
tanning large kindergarten occupying two
entire floors There is also a cooperative
laundry and cooperative stores. The average
apartment consists of two rooms, with kitchen
and bath shared with another family. The
cost is 81 month, exclusive of water. In
the apartment just cited, the rent runs over
period of "a years, by which time the apart
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
Housing.

LROM the moment when the Russian work
ers took over the government the ques-
ton of shelter has been in the foreground.
The urge to nationalize property was intensi-
fled by the miserable living conditions of the
workers. Mathematical property offered more
room, but there was not enough of it to 90
around. Out of 100000 urban houses in
the country, only 100000, or 10 per cent,
were nationalized. However, these national
lied houses made up so per cent of the entire
urban housing capacity. The remaining ST
per cent of these houses stayed in the hands
of the owners.
The nationalized buildings were directly
controlled by the municipal soviets during the
period of the civil war following the revou-
ton. With the restoration of orderly eco
nomic life a definite housing program took
form. This meant building program entail
ing the outlay of much capital The infant
industries Of Russia needed this capital. and
needed it badly Therefore the program for
better housing was deferred but when the
strain of the first efforts in industrial recon
struction had lessened, more time and money
were given to housing. The accomplishments
Of the past few years have been remarkable
Still there is great overcrowding in the cities
and industrial sections, thanks to the destruc-
ton of the revolution and civil war days and
the fact that for over five years, 1916-1921,
almost no building was carried on.
The difficulties Of constructing better
homes have been both financial and economic.
The government industries put all possible
earnings back into the industry to increase
production, thus reducing the surplus for such
things as housing. A special tax on non-work-
ing tenants designed to be used for building
has been small and irregular, and the income
tax to be used for housing has been hard to
collect. Labor has been expensive and the
cost of building has not been standardized.
The capital and resources of cooperative house
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
BE A REPORTER

Capitalist newspapers hire hundreds of reporters
to investigate and write about all important events
such wars strikes, revolutions, Soviet Russia,
etc. This is written up not from the point
of view of the workers, not from the point of view
of the reporters, not even impartial, but ONLY and
STRICTLY from the point of view of the bosses.
While this is undoubtedly true for the capitalist
newspapers, it is not true for the few workers
newspapers that exist, such as The DAILY WORK
Err, and is surely not true of the Young Comrade
or Young Comrade Corner. In these newspapers
everything is written STRICTLY from a workers
point of view. In the Young Comrade Corner not
only is this true but more than half of the articles
and poems are written by workers children But
that is not enough and that is the for this
article. We want all workers children to become
Young Comrade reporters. Report the strikes you
hear about Report your school activities. Report
everything Of interest to workers children. Be a
Young Comrade Reporter
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
HERE'S WORKERS THEATER; WHO'LL SEE THE PLAY?

every night. The lights and music
come in at the proper cues. 1t all
looks easy to the audience. But what
sweat preceded this smooth perform
ancei
We have had several revolutionary
plays in New York within the past
few years. The Theatre Guild gave
two; Toller's Mass Mensch and John
Howard Lawson's Professional. Both
were wonderful productions. But
both were financial failures. The
bourgeoisie were annoyed at both
plays and practically boycotted them.
And the workers did not go to see
them, but preferred the movies.
The same thing is happening with
our New Playwrights' Theatre. The
workers are not coming out to see
our first play, "The Belt" which is
proletarian satire on Henry Ford.
1t is not a Communist play. It con-
tains many weaknesses and deviations.
But it is one of the few fine efforts
we have had in this country toward
workers drama. Yet most of our
audiences so far have been from
among the bourgeois intellectuals.
Where have the workers been?
We have offered large discount
to help The DAILY WORKER and the
Joint Defense Committee of the Fur
riers' Union and Cloak and Dressmak-
ers' Union. But there has not yet
been the response that theorists have
told us there would be if the workers
had their own kind of plays and the
atre.
/ confess don't know the answer
to this problem. It is obvious there
are about 100000 revolutionary work
ers in and around New York. They
can pack Madison Square Garden on
any great occasion. They support a
group of papers, schools and other in
stitutions. But why don't they sup
port a revolutionary theatre when it
tries to get born?
You can't have such theatre with
cut an audience. The bourgeois in
tellectuals will not support such
theatre. How can you stir up the
workers? submit this problem to
all participants in the working class
movement who realize it's Importance.
The perfect workers theatre, such
as Meyerhold's, will not come into
existence full-born. Where are the
revolutionary plays in America?
Where is the group that knows both
the theatre and the labor movement,
that knows its Meyerhold as we'll as
Marx? | don't see any just now. But
the nearest have yet seen is the New
Playwrights' group. 1t is the tran
sition theatre toward the ultimate
chain of workers. theatres in Amer
lea. Why not help it instead Of criti-
clzlng it from the standpoint of rev.
olutionary perfectionism
If the New Playwrights' Theatre
fails in its attempt it will be years
before we have another experiment in
workers plays in this city. The re-
jponse so far has been mainly from
he intellectuals. l repeat: where
are the workers?
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
BY ]. SHUPAILo.

The Philippine Islands mountain tops risen
from the bottom. Many folds and cracks were
made where volcanoes now stand. About 5000 is
land are in this group, the largest is Luzon, the
size of Kentucky.
The Philippine Islands are near the Equator so
the days warm, and the nights are cool
Many people mine for gold, silver and copper.
Many are engaged in fishing. Mindanao is import
ant for numbering, sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco and
fruits which raised there, Hemp is used for max
ing rope, Cocoanut oil is extracted from cocoanuts
which leaves the dry cocoanut meat called copra
There are over 100000 people living in the
Philippine Islands They are peaceful, and are will
ing to work.
The people wanted their freedom from the United
States. bill passed in the u. S. for their
freedom. 1t was signed in the senate and house of
representatives, but when it came to the president
he vetoed it. He said the Filipnos do not have
enough power and education to rule themselves
What do you think about it?
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
By MICHAEL GOLD.

There is a real need for a revolu-
tionary workers theatre in New York,
The idea has been in the air for years.
All attempts to establish one have
failed.
Just as the workers need their own
newspapers, magazines, cooperative
houses and camps, just so do they
need to express themselves through
their own theatre.
But how are we going to get our
own theatre? There are already about
q dozen language drama groups in
New York but these are all amateur.
They fulfil need but are too crude
as yet to influence the general public.
To run first-class workers the
atre, of the type of Piscator's in Ber-
lin, or Meyerhold's in Moscow, one
must have q seIni-professional COM
pany of young actors, playwrights and
musicians who work under q severe
discipline, give all their time to the
theatre, and work as seriously and
strenucusly as factory workers or la
Dor agitators in their fields. No one
who has not spent eighteen hours a
day at this kline Of endeavor will
understand the thousand and one prob
lens that are wrapped up in the job.
A company Of forty actors must re-
hearse for month, from twelve to
fifteen hours day. There is worry
over light, janitor service. carpentry
Of props, scenery, ticket taking, pub
licity, carpets fer the floor and dress
ing rooms, posters, rent, war tax,
legal complications, contracts, sub
scriptions and advertising.
The play runs so smoothly on the
stage. The actors move by clockwork
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
How Farmers Are Fooled

Dear Comrades | am going to tell you what my
teacher told us about farmers She said that if the
farmers would only get together and demand higher
prices for their cotton and peanuts and would not
sell it until they did, they would probably get higher
prices. l think it is y::,;...,.. Don't you?
ALEX, PINTER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29

ment is fully paid for and belongs to the
owner, whose family or relatives may occupy
it during their lives, but cannot sell or lease
it at profit. Any person can join one of
these cooperative building societies by making
a small payment and thereafter payments Of
a few rubles a month, the installments in
creasing after the house is built and occu-
pied.
The great bulk of the housing of the in
dustrial workers is done by the industries
themselves. In collective agreements made
with the trade unions the government trusts
arrange to pay 10 per cent of their profits
into a fund for the improvement of the life
of the workers. Under the Labor Code rs
per cent of this goes to housing Many fac
tories that we visited had new houses built
or under construction with the aid of these
funds.
In spite of these various methods for put
ting up houses the situation is still very bad,
the new capital cities such as Moscow and
Kharkov being specially in need of more liv-
ing space. Leningrad and Kiev have been
relieved by the removal of government per-
sonnet, but there is no city or large town in
the U.S.S.R. which does not suffer from
shortage. The situation is not only difficult
from the point of view of shortage but also
because of the depreciation of those facilities
which do exist. Adequate repairs have not
been made; and houses which once were ade-
quate are livable at present only because the
necessity is so great.
(To be continued in tomorrow's DAILY WORKER.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
THIS WEEKS PUZZLE No. 3S

This weeks puzzle is another word puzzle The
rules follows; No. l in the puzzle stands for
A in the answer, No. 2 stands for B, 3 for C, etc
Let's go!
20 25 Is 21 147 3151 31S145
l8 16 Is 18 20 IS.
Send all answers to the Daily Worker Young
Comrade Corner, 33 First St. New York City, stat
ing your name, age, address and number of puzzle
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
More Answers to Puzzle No. So

Matilda Schottka, Astoria, l.. l.; Mae Feurer
New York City: Pauline Zurich, Williamsburg Pa;
Vera Veil Tommany Highland Park Ill; Grace
Zelnick New York City; Estelle Goldstein New
York City; James Mishkis, Chicago, H.; Esther
Cohen, Chicago Ill: David Citrin Detroit, Mich:
Homer b. Chase, Hilsboro, N. H.; Mamie Kreopan-
vich, McAdoo Pa.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29

4 The following is the eighth instalment of the re-
port of the first American Trade Union Delega-
ton to Soviet Russia, in the words of the delega
1 ton The report will be published in The DAILY
| WORKER in successive issues until completed.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
Answers to Last Weeks Puzzle

The to last weeks puzzle No. 81 is:
0 R K r. The following comrades answered
correctly:
Fannie Gervin, Bklyn N. Y; Jack Rosen, New
York City; Sylvia Masler New York City.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29

(Tbe full report of the American Trade
Union Delegation to SoViet Russia, as pub
IiShed here By courtesy of International
Publishers, can also be obtained IN book
form at all bo0kStoreS.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-10-29
Insurance Payments to Families of Deceased
Wage Farmers.

This is another unique feature in the Rus
sian social insurance system. In other coun-
tries the workers are supposed to provide in
surance individually for their families. In
Russia if worker leaves dependents who
have no other means Of support they are en-
titled to pensions from the social insurance
department A husband or wife or parent of
the deceased will be regarded as dependent
provided they are unable to work or have
children below the age of eight which claim
their attention. Children under 16 years and
those over 16 who have been disabled before
they reached that age are also classed as de-
pendents If a worker dies from an industrial
accident or disease, his dependents will re-
ceive somewhat more than if he dies from
non-industrial causes. The scale for the first
class of cases is one-third of the previous
earnings for one dependent, one-half for two
dependents, and three-fourths for three or
more; while for the second class the scale is
two-ninths; one-third and four-ninths, respec-
lively.
Birth and Burial Allowances.
Upon giving birth to a child, mothers are
granted an allowance equal to one-half a
months earnings. This sum, which in March
was equal to $1,000 month, is used to pur-
chase the layette needed for the baby and to
meet other incidental expenses. They are also
paid one-eighth of months salary for the
nine months following child birth as a nursing
allowance. This payment of slightly over
EGO month is used by the Commissariat of
Health as a means of keeping in touch with
these mothers and of getting them to follow.
medical advice in caring for their babies.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-05-28
HUGE PENSION
FUND RAISED.
Presbyterians Fin i s h
$l5,00O,000 Drive
For Church

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. May 2s.--
Pi-The national campaign of the
Presbyterian church to raise Sl5,-
100000 ~ start pension plan for
its Old and disabled ministers. mis-
sionaries. their widows and orphans.
has been successful with Si5.Dl5, 900
in hand and more coming. Will III.
Hays. chairman of the drive. re-
ported to the general assembly WI
the UNCONVENTIONAL convention today.
In long report 0n what ~ de-
scribed as "A "march ro the sen by
10000 laymen." starting on the At
lantic coast last fall and winding up
on the Pacific coast today" Mr
Hays pictured the success of the
Nampaign as possibly marking W
new era in Christianity in which
Eventually Att ministers would ~
protected against poverty in their oid
age Pointing 0ut that $4,000. 900 is
the largest sum raised III any
church for any single purpose. Mr..
Hays said the campaign hid yet
new standards NJ giving to Chris
tian causes, would inspire other de-
nominations tn higher work. fur
nish ar impetus tn religious itself,
and unite the churches Of the Pres
hyterian denomination
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-05-28
JAWS START WAGGINC
FOLLOWING VISIT OF
J. c. HOGAN TO CITY

] XII Hogan. the man who claims
that he sets more jaws a. waEging
than any other individual III the
United States. arrived III Browns
willie Saturday. and J. result ~
his efforts the jaws Nj thousands of
Brownsville residents are now wa--
ging at a furious pace and what -
more, the jaw waEEers are getting
enjoyment out Of it
Mr. Hogan i advertising man for
the Val BlatE Brewing Co. manu-
facturers ~ the famous Coed Grape
Gum" and his duties Ccrsist NJ Civ
inE the American public An oP7pr-
tunity ~ test the chewing gum.
With a corps az assistants he Cow
cred Brownsville with samples Sat
urday afternoon. the relays az dis
trihutors leaving IN thaeir wake q
frair ~ smiles and wageing jaws.
Thousands of sticks w tie chewing
gam were distributed alring the ~
ternoon. and the enjoyment or Mr..
HoEan's visit was not confined ~
the kiddies
Mr.. Hogan's ancestors swung
wicked shillsiahs AZ Killarney Fair
back In the good Old DAYS" but hv
asserts they never rot half - nau y
enjoyment out NJ cracking hears as
he does cut ci w--g7S Jaws.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-05-28
EXPECT fight
IN COMMITTEE
Appropriation Bill s
Conference To Be
Held Next Week

AUSTIN. Texas. May 2s.-tPj--
House and senate finance committee
men worked separately today over
the major appropriation bills which
will hc sent to free conference next
week. last of the gnecial session. for
adjustment of differences between
the two houses.
The hogey of appropriations be-
yond prospective revenue. which
gave all concerned something to
worry about the first of the session.
was dispelled late yesterday with
the house passage uf the SI6.20u,O Ouu
educational bill. showing the total
tentative appropriations 10 be with
IN the approximate S46000-0U0 revc-
nue. expected.
Adjustment ~ house and senate
disparities On the bills will not en-
danger the revenue limit, Repre-
sentive Claud Teer. chairman NJ the
house appropriations committee be-
lieves.
senate confcrees will try "a beat
down the house excess of about
$500. 600 WI the "leemosynary- bill.
while tho house coHferccs will shoot
III the higher senate totals on the
other three main money bills.
Neither house was IN session to-
Fav