Evening star., 1927-04-22
Rs the Associated Press

bE the Associated t'Fess.
ROME. April 22.-The Fascist
charter Of labor" embodying the fun
damental principles of the Fascist
Syndicalist state, which is based pri-
marily upon the theory Of replacing
class struggle by fruitful cooperation
between capital and labor under direct
statal control, was promulgated last
night by Premier Mussolini at a spe.
cial meeting of the Fascist grand
council.
The ceremony Of presentation Of the
document, by which the Premier was
felt TO have assumed the role of
prophet of industrial peace with
message directly opposed TO that of
Carl Marx and Nikolai Lenfn, came
as the climax of joint celebration of
the Fascist labor day and the found
inc of the Eternal City, 2,6Sl years
ago.
The underlying idea Of the charter
Of labor" is the States undisputed
right directly to control all forces OF
production, acting as the guardian
both Of capital and labor, establishing
equality of rights and duties between
them. compelling them to carry out
their tasks for the common good. pun
ishing infractions and maintaining
peace between them at any cost.
DenneS Roles OF EACH
To this end the document, which
will be the basis of further legislation,
defines precisely the roles of labor ana
capital. enunciates the minimum guar
antics of their existence to which they
viii be entitled under all circum-
stances. but beyond which the State
retains a free hand as the agent OF
the nation. which is IAN organism SUI
perior to all single individuals, with
moral. political and economic unity.
Preceding the 80 articles of the
charter is preamble asserting that
labor, which is a social duty, ana
property, which acComplishes a soclaI
function, are both under the guardian
ship of the State, since the state must
control the whole body OF production
for the we'll being of its citizens ana
the DEVELOPMENT of national strength.
In order 10 accomplish this, capital
and labor, under the charter, are or
ganized in legally recognized units,
called associations or Syndicates, all
relations between them being earned
on through collective contracts. Othef
units. called corporations and acting
as the direct agents of the State, con-
troll these activities, while speclally
created labor courts act as the court
OF last resort in cases of controversies.
Outside Units Powerless.
Nor. Fascist associations of laborers
and EMPLOYERS will be permitted TO
exist. but without power, while their
members will be obliged TO carry out
the collective contracts made with
Fascist associations within their cate
gories of activity.
Strikes, lockouts, boycotts, obsuuc'
tionisms and sabotage are absolutely
forbidden, being considered rebellion
against the State if politically mott
waited
Under the charter an association or
syndicate will assume juridical equal
ity of the workers and employers
maintaining discipline among them'
each association of workers in sin
Gle category, business or industry
making a collective contract with the
corresponding associations of employ
ers. while the corporation will make
rules obligatory upon both parties and
attempt to settle disputes, the labor
court making the final decisions in
case of failure.
Duties OF Capital.
Defining the duties of capital, the
charter declares that the Fascist re-
girne upholds the doctrine of private
property ana IdNOFS private INITIATIVE
in the field of production. considering
both functions of the national interest.
The owner of a business or industry
is responsible TO the state for its pro-
duction. but it's employees also are re-
sponsible to the state in helping to-
ward an increase in the value of the
products and reduction in their costs
When private initiative is INSULT
cient or lacking. or when political in
terests dictate, the state may encour-
age, control or take over the manage
ment OF the company, operating it
through corporation. Capital must
share equally with labor the effects of
crises and hard times, official statistics
being used in judgment.
Zach collective contract must con-
tain specifications of salaries, hours
and disciplinary rules. Corporations,
with the cooperation both of employ
ers and employees, will control all So
cial, educational, recreational and SINH
lar activities in any industry, will
guarantee health and morality condi-
tons and will handle accidents and
maternal benefits as we'll as endow-
ments and unemployment insurance.
The charter declares strongly against