davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13
MACHINERY ENDS
CHILD LABOR IN
GLASS INDUSTRY
Federal Report Shows Great
Changes Wrought in
twenty-five Years.
BY Roscoe b. Fleming
Times Staff Correspondent

WASHINGTON, May 13.-Thls is
the story of the machine and what it
has done to the glass industry of
the United States in twenty-five
years.
1t has eliminated child labor-the
spectacle of thousands of boys 9 to
IL years old, struggling throughout
the day in heat of 110-140 degrees
with the air thick with flying feath-
ers of glass.
1t allows an output up to forty
times as much per man as in the old
Woodworking days of 1899.
Wages Doubled
1t has eliminated hundreds of thou
sands of potential jobs, but has more
than doubled the wages of the men
still employed-an average wage of
$512.7S a year in 1899 compared with
one of $1250.32 in 1925.
1t has replaced the 355 compare.
lively small and scattered plants of
1899 with $40 giant establishments
more than 200 of them being valued
at 81, 900, 900 or more apiece, with an
average output of four to six times
that of the plant of 1899.
1t has enabled $4,000 wage earners
to put out products valued in 1925
at $295, $50 900, against an output of
only 500, $4,000 by the $1,000 work
ers of 1899.
This is an increase in output value
from an average of S1,066 a year per
man to $4,000 per man. At the 1899
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13

rate it would have taken PIT. 200
workers in 1925 to do the work ac-
tually done by $4,000.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13

ably be built from ten to fifty miles
behind the frontier, linking such
large cities as Metz, Strasbourg, Col
mar, Mulhouse and Belfort, all of
which have been fortified cities
through centuries. Their forts are
useless now, however against the
420nm. guns such as those the Ger
mans used in reducing the Verdun
forts to dust.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13

cities, Of which one was Paris, sur
rounded by forts built on hilltops.
Line Set Forward
This defense line proved it's worth,
although when the armistice arrived,
there was not stone remaining of
the Verdun forts. They resisted the
most severe German attacks of the
whole war and were never captured.
Now, however, that line is far in the
rear of the reconstructed Rhine
frontier.
The new defense line will prob
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13
Find Bronze Age Skull

PORTSMOUTH, Eng, May. 10
The skull and vertebrae of a human
being, believed to have lain embed
ded in it's five feet tomb of chalk
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13

This year the United States will
allow 164. 667 immigrants to enter the
country
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13

Wayne G. Zimmerman has set
record at city hall for holding more
jobs than any other person.
In addition to his post as board
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13
MAY 10, 1927

since the bronze age, was uncovered
by workmen while digging a trench
here recently. The skull was in an
almost perfect state and contained a
perfect set of teeth.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-13
! THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

rate it would have taken 1900
workers in 1925 to do the work ac-
tually done by $4,000.
Profit Split
In 1899, however. the worker got
as wages approximately half the
value of the finished product. In
1925 he got considerably less than
third, the employer and the public
through the lower price of glassware,
splitting the rest of the profits.
The facts are disclosed in study
summarized by the U. S. Depart
ment of Labor.
An Owens automatic machine can
produce forty-one times as many bot
ties as a hand shop employing seven
men, the study showed. Machine
cost was 81 cents for each 81 of
hand cost.
A machine can make common
table tumblers twelve times as fast
as nine men. The machine cost is
81 cents per 81 of hand cost.
A machine makes electric light
bulbs thirty-one times as fast as a
crew of three men, at cost of 1888
cents per each 81 of hand cost.
A machine can make glass tubing
seven times as fast as a crew of eight
men by hand method, at a cost OF
14.7 cents for each dollar of hand
! cost.
Plate Glass Hand Made
Only in the plate glass industry,
where the machines are just com
mencing to dominate, is hand labor
keeping near them. Machines can
only make plate glass one and a half
times as fast as by hand, at saving
Of only about % per cent.
Most credit for the change is given
to NJ. ]. Owens, who put into produc-
ton in 1904 the first really success
full automatic bottle machine. In
1899 there were more than TOOO
child laborers in the industry, the
department said, and there are prac-
tically none now. 'As a boy of 10
in 1899. Owens joined the thousands
of children employed in the glass
factories. He died in 1923. the genius
of the industry, whose inventions
contributed more than all other fac
tors combined to the complete elimi-
nation of children from the indus
try" it is added.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
BEAUTIFUL

Continued ! ON page one.1
Plttman. were also in costumes Of
harmonizinE colors. La Feria was
spectacular represented BIZ the
goddess Of rain, Miss Florence
Mitchell, dressed in green and sill
g with a tall headdress sparkling
with the appearance Of ~raindrops.
The attendants were Misses Ina
Kate Macill, Ruth Starkey, Violet
Spies, Mary Jay Dunlap. and Mrs.
Lynn Sweatman.
Miss Sarita Lomax. from San Be-
nito, goddess Of the harvest. and
her six attendants fitted into the
Aztec setting Of the stage, being i'm
Indian costumes and the snttend-
ants carrying Indian baskets. The
goddess of the sea, Miss Jean
Pattee Of Point Isabel, was dressed
IN silver, her four attendants wear
ing silver skirts ard pink hoGices.
Flashing were the costumes or
Miss Alva Daniel. goddess of fire,
from Harlingen and her two attend
ants, Misses Sunshine Hill and
Ellen Waldron. Wearing a head
dress Of red feathers, the goddess
was gowned In n silver robe shroud-
ed In red net that gave the appear
anc OF dnrtinR flames. Her train
was black velvet with flame trim
ming. All carried fire wands.
Weslaco's goddess came in anpro-
pirate silver costume with her at
tendants bringing the gift Of the
moon.
Tiers az white covered thrones
arranged on the stage for ths
.goddesses and their maids. They hai
their bow TO the fire god ard
seated when al unannourccc
group entered dressed In sombrc
brown. They approached the fire
and one disrubed from the brown eos.
and stepped forth the Aztec
goddess, Guetxal, represented bs
Pattee. She was then crowned
an elaborate headdress "a
The first four attendants
her majesty with large feAth.
fans while the other two stood
20 Do her bidding.
Qnetzal's guards maintained their
posture throughout the en-
tire pageant watching the openings
70 he oil castle. They were Mary
cowan, Edna Mae Liehtfoot, Claris
Adams, Geneva n Turno. Fay
Miriam DaenS. Georgia Rr;na.
ley. Alice Binder. Miss Fender. ard
Georgia Trailer.
FollUwing the coronation several
costume duanee numbers were Rir-
rn. LED ~ a group az girls represent.
jewels The perfumes danced
next. Ruby Buchan, Robbie Garth
wright, Nell Clwnn, Mary Lou Nc
Lahore. They followed hy the
rnffs. KRtharn Jennings.
Martha Hsrmeqa, Elizabssh HesAins,
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

NEW YORK, n. T. Nov. 25.-tR-
Price movements lacked uniformity
al the opening Of today's stock mar
ket, but major speculative activity
appeared to be on the up side.
international Combustion opened
with q block or 5000 shares at IS 10
I'D I "a and Abitibi Power Postum
and Montg0mery-Ward showed initial
gains Of 4 point each General Mo-
tors. Mack trucks and $500" pre-
ferred each fell back q point.
Renewed selling pressure against
General Motors common, presumably
inspired by announcement that the
new Ford cars would be on display
the first week IN December, quickly
carried the issue down more than two
points. Bullish operations continued,
however, In other sections OF the
automobile group. Continental No
tors, which has been mentioned as d
possible unit in a large automobile
merger, also embracing the Jordan
and Peerless cars, was heavily
bought. Substantial gains also were
recorded by Paige Detroit and Strom-
berg Carburetor. United States Steel
common, after opening unchanged
sold off a point and American Piano
sank 10 q new low for the year.. Oh
the other hand, advance RumeIy pre-
ferred. Inter-eontinental Rubber and
international Paper advanced to new
high levels for the year.
Foreign exchanges opened steady
with demand sterling cuated aroune
$4.S7 sic.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
by ALAN j. GoULD

ASSOCIATED Press Sports Editor).
NEW YORK, Nov. 25.-tP-T-vo
gridiron stars regarded BY their
coaches as among the "smartest'
players they nave ever handled will
lead the Army and Navy elevens in
to action in the annual service clas-
sic az the Polo Grounds, November
26.
II viii mark the farewelIs to foot
ball Of Harry Wilson. az the Army.
and E. A. (Ned) Hannegan, the Navy
leader. In the case OF Wilson il will
close one Of the longest and most
brilliant careers In Eastern gridiron
history.
Light Horse" Harry Is n veteran
or varsity campaign. He was
Of All-American calibor at Penn
State, playing three years with the
Nittany Lions before going TO West
Point TO add to his lnurels. Illness
and Injuries have hampered him at
various times but when he is in
condition, few hall-carriers are
shiftier or more difficult 10 bring
Gown in an open field than the blond
Cadet halfback.
Wilson Is the brainiest player I
tfNN nave hNHNNs Aottn Bill
Jones, Of the Army, told this writer.
after last years sensational 2f-21
tie service game at Chicago. where
Light Horse Harry" carried the
brunt of the Cadet attack.
He is always cool under fire and
his judgment Of plays is excellent.
Ina tight spot the boys always rely
on Harry. He has an uncannv knack
Of smoking out enemy formations
and being az the right defensive
spot"
Hannegan Il the "hard luck kid
cf the Navy outfit. He played d good
share Of the Chicago game last year
with a fractured collar bone. Last
spring he broke an ankle In baseball
practice and was laid up for some
time. This fall he has been kept out
Of the lineup a good part Of the time
BY injury, but expects TO be in
shape for the big game.
The Navy leader. IN spite Of his
injury, distinguished himself in the
1925 service classic, one Of the most
thrilling az them al. and drew high
praise from the coach, "Navy Bill'
Ingram for the way he directed the
attack OF the midshipmen.
Wilson, n star basketball PLAYER,
also is one Of the most popular
cadets ne West Point and ranks high
IN the class work preparing him for
a military career.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
GUILTY PLEAS
ARE ACCEPTED
Fines of 500 Paid in
Two Cases, SIS in
Third Case

Pleas Of guilty TO charges Of
carrying a pistol and aggravated as
sanit were entered by an attorney
representing a. B. Galbraith in coun-
~ court Friday morning before
Judge John ]. Kleiber, and fines Of
800 and costs were assessed in each
case. Thomas Jennings. implicated
m the same alleged offense, was
given q fine Of SIS and costs on a
Plea OF guilty 20 a charge of aggra-
waited assault.
The charges were an outerowth of
On attack last Saturday night on
George Lockard, a railroad employee,
on q street near his home in West
Brownsville. Lockard said he was
beaten about the head with a re-
voiver by one Of two men who halted
MS ear az the youth was turning in
20 the driveway Of HIS home.
Later n Of the men fired two
shots into the headlights Of his
automobile, Lockard told police who
went TO the scene for an ~investiga-
tion.
Loekard was not seriously hurt.
NO testimony was taken in court
Friday morning. When the case was
called an attorney entered the ap-
pearances Of both defendants, and
announced they were ready TO plead
guilty. The pleas were accepted by
the court ard the fines assessed on
recommendation Of the county at
torney's office.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
ACREAGE
WATERMELONS
1900 Acres VIII Be
Plated n Vicinity
Of Yturria

RAYMONDvILLE. Nov. a5.-Plant-
ers In the vicinity Of Yturria. north
" RaymondviIle, are getting ready
20 plant : large acreage in water
melans. which win be put In early
IL January. The total creage will
probably be around 1000, II IL csti-
mated.
Farmers taking part I'm this ven-
ture include Harry Lnnda, who owns
about 5000 acres i'm that vicinity,
and who will probably plant 600 or
500 acres the coming season. the
Garcia interests, who win plant q
similar acreage; and X. T.. Hammer
and sons. OK Waller county, who will
plant 200 acres, and = number ~
others.
II. r. Hammer y a veteran water
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
A THREE DAYS.
COUGH IS YOUR
DANGER SIGNAL

Persistent coughs and colds lead 10
serious trouble. You can stop them now
with Creomulsion. an emulsi6ed creo-
sote that IL pleasant TO take. Creomul-
sion - a new medical discovery with
two-fold action; il soothes and heals
the iniamed membranes and inhibits
germ growth.
OF all known drugs, creosote IL rec.
bgnized by high medical authorities as
bne Of the greatest healing agencies for
persistent coughs and colds and other
forms of throat troubles. Creomulsion
roniainA in addition to creosote, other
healing elements which sooihe and heal
the injected membranes and stop the
irritation and Inflammation. while the
rrcosofe goes on 10 the stomach, is alb
Horbed into the blood, attacks the seat
of the trouble and checks the growth
of the germs.
Crcomulsion n guaranteed s~atisfac-
tory in the treatment Of persistent
coughs and colds. bronchial asthma,
bronchitis and other forms Of r~cspira.
lory diseases, and is excellent for build
ing up the system after colds or hu.
Money refunded II any cough or cold 10
not relieved after taking according TO
directions Ask vour druggist. (adv.)
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

Vivian Rhone. The last dance was
~ a group ~ slaves IN costume,
Annie Conner Verser, Elizabeth Bass,
Adele Heron, Hazel Pirie. Bernice
Woodworth, and Eudene Trombley.
After the dances were finished, the
reader, Mrs. Richards. called the
name or the gifts 70 be presented
and each goddess in her turn re-
sponded by rising from her throne
coming to the front Of the stage
with her Attendants to present the
gift. When all were seated again
the lights in the tent gradually faded
until only the spot light played on
the throne.
Musicians from Harlingen made up
the orchestra that furnished the mu-
sic for the pageant.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
Negroes Hanged For
Attack Upon Girl

JACKSONVILLE, KY. Nov. 25.-
Hj-Nathan Bard and Bunyan Elem
ing, negroes convicted Of an attack
Pr 2 white girl. were hanged IN the
courtyard Of the Hopkins county
Jail here this morning. Bard went ~
the scaffold AZ 1888 o'clock and af-
ter he had been allowed To make n
brief statement the death trap was
sprung. Fleming followed him a few
minutes later.
Several thousand spectators crowd
ed around the Jail yard while the
executions were being carried "a
National guard troops were sent
here 70 maintain order during the
executions and the mems trial also
had been under protection of the
Euardsmen.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
$4,000 For Point
Isabel Lighthouse

WASHINGTON, ID. c., Nov. 25.-(P)
Expenditure OF $s,439,7 05 for inn
provement and repairs to the ma
tionai Lighthouse service during the
fiscal year beginning January 1928
was recommended TO Secretary Hoov-
er today by George r. Putnam, com
missioner Of lighthouses.
For the eighth district along the
Gulf Of Mexico Coast, $152,2 is ask
ed for a depot; $4,000 for gas buoys
ne Sabine and Sabine Pass, La, and
Texas; $4,000 for entrance range
lights at Brazos Santiago, Texas, and
$4,000 for establishing navigation
aids at the channel at Corpus Christi.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
cITRrs Print ?

The following report on citrus
fruit movements was issued by the
U. S. Bureau Of Markets, received IN
Brownsville over the u. :. radio:
Shipments for Nov. 23-Mixed cit.
rus-Florida rs; Texas 4; ~unreport.
ed Nov. p. Florida 8.
Observation-Disclosures 4: Florida
60; Texas IL; total 81. unreported
Nov. %, Arizona 4; California =;
Florida p, total %.
Shipments for Nov. 24.-Mixed cit
rus-Colifornia 4; Florida IS; total
II.
Canners-California I.
Grapefruit-Florida 81; Texas o;
total 90.
Receipts and track supplies-Nov
23-Pittshurgh A Florida arrived. one
Mixed Cincinnati. 1 Florida arrived
2 cars on track. Kansas City, /
Florida, 1 Texas arrived. ! car on
track Chicago, 2 Florida arrived,
cars On track: Omaha, / Texas ar
rived. I car on track; st. Louis, g
Florida arrived. none on track.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

IginIo Salinas, about So years old,
died Thursday evening as he was be-
ing rushed TO Brownsville for med
zeal treatment from his home in Los
Indios. He will be buried nc the
ST. Rosalia cemetery south of
Brownsville following n funeral at
the immaculate Conception church
nt 3 o'clock Friday afternoon. w. A.
Darlineen, undertaken. is in charge
az arrangements. Salinas was mar
ried and is survived By a wife and
children.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

NEW YORK, IN. ". Nov. 25.-(P-
The cotton market opened firm at
ain advance of IL TO 10 points, active
months selling about "a TO 20 points
net higher in early trading in re-
sponse TO relatively firm Liverpool
cables and expectations that the no.
tees issued against December c0n-
tracts in the market here would Be
promptly stopped. Early estimates
OF the notices placed IN circulation
represented between $175.000 and
$3.50 0 bales, but large spot inter
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

CHICAGO, H., Nov. 25.zF-De-
cided setbaeks in Liverpool wheat
quotations led 90 a nearly downturn
today by the wheat market here.
Opening half 20 1 3-8 cent decline.
Chicago wheat soon underwent N fur
Their drop. Corn, oats and provisions
were easy. corn starting half to rs
cent off. and showing but little
power TO rally.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

ARDMORE, Okla, Nov. 25.=tFD-
Haskell Lucas, star football player
on the Junior College team Of the
Murray State School Of Agriculture
nc Tishomingo, died in a hospital
here today from injuries received
yesterday in a game with Cameron
Agricultural College.
Lucas suffered two fractured verti-
brae in making a tackle.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

KERRvILLE. Tex, Nov. 25.-F-
Cnrcasses of $50 buck deer killed
this season in the surrounding hills.
are i'm cold storage here, q check OF
cold storage plants Friday revealed.
There also are approximately 800
wild turkey gobblers IL storage.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

melon grower, who has devoted srna
40 years e. the cultivation OF thiEA
crop. and who is convinced that Wiz
lacy county iB one of thn best places
err earth adapted to watermelon pro-
durti0n-
The melons will be planted early
sn January and will b. harvested IL
thn latter part Or April ard May.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

DENTON, Nov. 15.-tFD-A j0il
lead ripe with eight holes Rr
through III NV rats WINS brOuEh
Denton by Frank Mayfield. pt
N fs believed the rats were nr
and seeking water Enmwed O.
the pipe
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
KANSAS CITY LIVESTOCK

KANSAS CITY. Kan. Nov. 25.-tP.
Hogs 3,000s steady; top $40; pack.
ing sows 6.75@7.75; stock pigs soc
6S.75.
Cattle $500; calves 500; beet
steers strong. other killing classes
steady; short fed steers 11.25G
1880; medium Texas brahma grass
steers 1000; choice vealers 1900
1850.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
HALLS / : HERE

Mr. and Mrs. y. a.. Hall. OF Edin-
burg. spent Thanksgiving Day here
visiting NJ. n. Hall. assistant county
attorney. J. G. Hall ia an attorney
of kdinbnrg and a brother Of NJ. n.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

WATERFORD, Texas. Ncvs
|-R-Earl Melton. 19, mr. emp
az ~. IVY. ~ NV. Bank was killed
y Thanksgiving afternoon uuton0b
wreck which seriously injured Elm
Barnham. VA companion.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
no FIGHT aHAT cHEcKs.

PANHANDLE. Nov. 25.-tP-Mer-
chants Of this town have organized
TO fight the "hot check" artist. Lead
ing merchants and business men
have agreed to prosecute 70 the
limit anyone giving : bad check.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

Captains Of both service teams.
as players. will say goodbye 20
football when the Army and Navy
engage In their annual clash in
New York. November rs. Harry
Wilson (above), Cadet leader. has
had seven years OF varsity promi-
nence, including three AZ Penn
State. Injuries have handicapped
Ned Hannegan tright), Of the
Mlddles.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

NEW ORLEANS, la, Nov. 25.-R1
Circulation Of notices here for To-
900 bales Of December cotton had n
steaGying influence on the market
for that commodity today and first
trades showed gains Of IL to "a
points.
Prices continued to gain for a time
after the start on reports that no.
tees for about 100000 bales in New
York had been cared for and Decem-
Der sold np to 1890, January zoos and
March 20.23, 25 TO q points above
yesterdays close.
Realizing caused = recession Of Ia
70 10 points from these levels but
towards the end OF the first half
hour the market showed a tendency
to rally again, with prices six to
seven points above the lows.
The market turned easy late In
the morning on smaller weekly mill
takings than had been expected. De-
cember traded down to 1871, Janu.
airy 1885 and March zoos, 19 to q
points under the highs but still Q "a
7 points above the previous close.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

NACOGDOCHES. Tex, Nov. 25.-
Ry-Eugene II. Blount. statesman,
glnnncier and philanthropist, died
here suddenly today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25
The Markets

ests we're credited with buying De-
cemher freely at about the recent
discounts compared with later de-
Iiveries and the near month liquida-
ton was readily absorbed.
The market subsequently enset
off q few points and trading be-
came quiet as the liquidation Of
December contracts subsidized and
January sold down from 1884 20
19.47, under comparatively small
buying. At midday the market was
quiet and steady a. net advances Of
Is TO 10 points.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

whites 1.50 "a 1.65; Minnesota, North
Dakoka sacked round whites 1.85 n
Las; sacked Red River Ohios $50 "a
l-A0s Idaho sacked russets $50 4
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

CHICAGO, III, Now 25.-F1-
Poultry alive steady; fowls 1890;
springs 1T&23s turkeys a5G2S;
roosters 16; ducks Is III geese 20
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-11-25

CHICAGO, Ill. Nov. 25.-tF1-Po
slow; Wisconsin sacked round