davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-10-23
WOMEN'S SHOES
FINDING MARKET In AMERICA
Importations Likely to Total Million Pairs Before
End of Year, Commerce Department Says.
Figures Given to Support Prediction. i.

does the same remark about a gown
or hat.
In addition to shoes, the United
States in the first half Of the year
imported 2S8.731 pairs Of leather slip
pers, worth $246,251. Footwear with
cloth tops or tops other than leather
are dutiable, and 1865 pairs Of dcti-
able shoes were imported in the six
months, valued at $114.SS4. The total
imports of footwear of all classes,
free and dutiable, was 1,437, ,1S3 pairs,
valued at $2,968,169.
The way the imports have leaped Is
shown in comparing half-yearly fig-
ures in 1928 with 1927. the number OF
pairs imported in the former year be.
ing 165,6S1, while for the latter year
the pairs numbered, as stated, 721, 1,5S7.
Mems and boys shoes in the total
for 1927 numbered 125,630 pairs. while
children's shoes numbered 1O3,O6O
pairs. The foreign manufacturers,
therefore. are reaching out after every
branch of the American market.
Switzerland leads in selling children's
shoes to America.
Britain Makes Popular.
British-made shoes are enjoying in
creasing popularity with American
imported the major portion were for
men and boys, while, as might be ex-
pected, most of the 1854 pairs i'm
ported from France were for women.
It may surprise some persons to
learn that the largest foreign buyer
Of American shoes is Cuba. In fact,
Cuba purchased more than three times
as many pairs of American shoes IN
the full calendar year 1925 than any
other country. Some of the big fig.
ures were: Cuba, $5, ,14S,0 ,086; Mexico,
81. .400.4 .476; Canada, S1,253.077; United
Kingdom, SS13.1S2; Panama. $500, ,346;
Colombia. $560,522; Dominican Repub-
lie, $37S,54S, and the following coun-
tries above $4,000 each: France,
Germany, Norway. British Honduras.
Nicaragua, Honduras, Bermuda, New
foundland, Labrador, British West In
dies, Dutch West Indies, Philippine
Islands, Australia and New Zealand.
Exports went in smaller amounts to
scores of other geographical designa-
tions.
Portugal footel the list with only
$14 worth of shoes bought in the
United States.
Tourists Pride Due for Fall.
Hundreds of thousands Of American
TOURISTS IN Europe see stores IN fdris'
London, Berlin. Rome or other cities
featuring American shoes. and may
swell with pride at this apparent
prowess of American industry. but
it Is an illusion. Our shoe industry
is on the decline abroad, and is being
challenged at home. Europe has de-
veloped as great skill as America In
making shoes, and has the advantage
of a much cheaper labor market. The
result is told in the figures quoted. q
The Far East is selling footwear
here in spite of the tariff wall, for
Japan sent 342,955 pairs of dutiable
footwear in the first six months OF
this year, China. too, sent us 1904
pairs, despite the civil war.
There probably will be plenty or
talk in the next session Of Congress
about the situation
Evening star., 1927-10-23
PLANE CARRIERS HELD
NAVY'S GREATEST NEED
''Flying Decks Seen as Having Important Bearing
on Future Naval Strength-Only
One i'm Use Now.

as a part of the fleet IL the airplai.-
to have fair chance of showing !
real capabilities as an integral part
of the fleet and as an instrument OF
sea power. Plans must therefore be
made far in advance. with references
not merely to the present status OF
aircraft but TO their numbers ana
probable importance several years
hence.
AS for the airplanes themselves. the
naval aviation program. now in its
second year, is progressing SuDstan-
TALLY in accordance with the require
ments laid down by Congress June,
1926. in the five-year program. The
carriers and other ships which go
with them stand on a somewhat Diff
ferent footing, outside the scope OF
the aircraft program bill. 1t pro-
vided specifically that there should be,
as the result of the orders placed up
to the end of June, 1881. one thousand
airplanes useful in time of war" ac-
tually on hand in the naval service.
1t provided, by implication, that there
should be aviators to fly the machines
and mechanics to take care of them.
600 Planes i'm Useful Glass.
On September 80, 1925. the Navy
had 851 airplanes on hand. but of this
number there were less than 300 ma
| chimes which could properly be con-
| sidered as useful in war, by compari-
| son with the best that could then be
built. Gradually since then the war
time obsolescent planes have passed
into the salvaged group. The first of
| the present October brought us to
| total number of machines on hand
| still approximately constant at little
under 900, of which 900 can fairly be
considered as in the useful class.
1t Is reasonable to expect, IL appro-
| priations continue to be made avail.
able to purchase new airplanes in ac-
cordance with the original five-year
plan, that the number of useful ma
chimes on hand will continue to in
crease, after all wastage h been
made up in each year, at the Ito OF
| approximately hundred a year and
| that we shall come in due course to
our thousand. However, for that pur-
chase we shall need to expend from
| SIS. 900. 900 to $1S.000.0 900 year on new
airplaneS and engines. as against $l3.-
| SOC, 900 provided during the present
year. The amount of money for main
| tenance and for experimental work
must also be increased. Provision for
ships and bases must also be made. for
an airplane cannot be useful in war"
| by it's unaided self. Its usefulness de-
pends upon men, and upon adequate
! bases from which to operate.
Evening star., 1927-10-23
BUILDING THE PYRAMIDS.

swords, helmets and shields gave the
soldiers of Egypt an advantage over
every foe. Then came Industrial
tools-wedges, rollers. wheels, levers,
windlasses, pulleys, screws and latheS;
drills that could bore the toughest
diorite and saws that could cut the
massive lids of the sarcophagi. Egyp.
tian workers made bricks, cement and
plaster of paris; they glazed pottery.
blew glass and glorified 1t with color.
They knew the arts of enameiing and
vanishing and developed chemistry
for many Industrial purposes. They
made tissues of the fines weaving
known in the history Of textiles. Spec
linens of linen woven by them 1900
years ago show to this day a weave
SO fine that it requires a magnifying
glass to distinguish 1t from silk. The
best work of the modern machine
loom is coarse in comparison with this
fabric of the ancient hand loom.
Breasted.) "If we compare the tech
nical inventory Of the Egyptians with
our own," says Peschel, ut is evident
that before the invention of the steam
engine we excelled them in scarcely
anything"
With these aids transport grew and
achieved marvels without precedent.
able cataracts of the Nile, great YES.
sells were built that could carry logs
of cedar from Lebanon across the
Mediterranean; blocks of granite 80
feet in length and 60 tons in weight
were borne over land and water for
hundreds Of miles. Everywhere along
the Nile the picture was one OF lively
industry and trade.
X X X \
Who these people were, or whence
they came, no man can say. The
Semitic structure of their language in
dicates an Asiatic origin, but language
and race are not always one, and per
haps it was an alien invasion tLat left
a Semitic stamp upon Egyptian
speech. Very probably the people OF
the Nile, like most races" were oi
complex origin; some of them were OF
Semitic descent, some came from
Libya, on Egypt's west; some
were blacks from Ethiopia, on the
south; some perhaps had come in from
central Asia before ethnographers had
begun to. divide the human race
Gradually they became a people, alike
in speech and feature, capable of one
order and one state.
Most of them, 1t seems, were serfs
or slaves: men and women personally
controlled by baronial lords, or bound
for debt, or captured in battle: the de
velopment OF agriculture made slavery
profitable ana put an end to the
slaughter of the conquered in war. Ar
old relief In the museum at Leyder
pictures long procession of Asiatit
captives passing gloomily into Egyp
tian bondage; one sees them still alive
on that vivid slab, their hands tiet
| behind their backs or their heads, oi
| thrust through clumsy handouts Of
Evening star., 1927-10-23
Civil Flying's Growth Makes Jobs
Attracting Many Thousands OF Men

The prospect of a job in aeronautics
now is attracting many thousands OF
men who believe there is greater op-
portunity for them in this new indus
try than in others long established.
The rapid growth of civil flight is cre-
ating many openings. 1t is true that
the number of applicants will be as
great or greater, but generally it may
be prophesied that there will come in
the train of the airplane and the air.
ship some proportion Of the same ac-
tivities that have followed the prog
ress of the automobile as used for
pleasure and for transportation, both
Of passengers and merchandise, with
some OF the features Of railroad
service.
A survey of aeronautics as a voca-
tion has been made by the Aeronautics
Branch of the Department Of Com
merce which. under the air commerce
act OF 1926, was created to foster air
transport in the United States. The
Aeronautics Branch advises that
there win be an increasing demand for
pilots to ny mail. express and passen-
ger planes to timetable schedule on
Evening star., 1927-10-23

continued from First PageD
the National Park and Planning Com
mission will be adequately repre-.
sented in Commissioner Dougherty,
chairman of the Board of Commits
sioners; Edwin C. Graham, president
Of the Board of Trade, Frederic
A. Delano, president of the American
Civic Association and a member of
the park commission, and Maj. Carey
II. Brown, assistant director of the
office of Public Buildings and Public
Parks .of/the National Capital.
In addition there will be DIR. John
M. Cries, chief of the Division of
Building and Housing of the Depart
ment Of Commerce: John Delamater,
secretary of the Committee Of One
Hundred of the Federal City; Miles
Harlean James, executive secretary
of the Committee on the New York
Mrs. Albert Lee Thurman, assistant
secretary of the American Civic Asso-
citation, and Miss Sybil Baker, head of
the recreational center work of the
public school system. In addition to
these Washingtonians there will be in
attendance Thomas Adams, director
of the Committee on the New York
Regional Plan and Its Enyirons;
George B. Ford of New York, q
prominent city pIanner; Col. S. p.
Wetherill, jr., president of the Reg.
ional Plan Association of the Phila-
delphia TriState District: DIR. j. Hor.
ace Mcfarland of Harrisburg, Pa, a
past president of the American Civic
Association; Morris Knowles, chair.
man of the Pittsburgh Planning De-
partment; Francis II. McChesney,
chairman of the County Regional
Planning Board of Syracuse. N. Y:
Eugene Taylor, secretary of the Chi.
cago Plan Commission; Arthur III.
Shurtleff, president of the American
Society Of Landscape Architects; Rob.
ert IL. Whittier, New York coming ex.
pert, and large number of city
planners and others interested in the
subject.
Evening star., 1927-10-23
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

TT can be stated on first-hand
authority that. President Coolidge
is not only upset by current
naval, military and political COM
ment and criticism, but is bitterly
disturbed by incessant attacks upon
the American foreign service. OBJ
servers who have had opportunity of
gathering the Presidents views pre-
dict he may not wait fer the State
Department and the foreign service to
reform" themselves, but may issue a
series of executive orders designed to
accomplish that purpose.
Mr. Coolidge set himself a notable
precedent in that direction. On June
z, 1924, by way of giving effect to the
newly enacted Rogers law, the Presi-
dent issued an executive order con-
stituting the Foreign Service Person
mel Board" This board has virtually
supreme control over advancements
below the rank of minister. 1t pos
sesses power Of recommendation for
all promotions, including counselors
and secretaries of embassies and lega-
tons and all grades of the consular
branch.
See Congressional Action.
Authorities who feel that President
Coolidge may be induced to take the
bull by the horns in order to Stiae
annoying criticism of the foreign
service seem convinced that Congress
will act to that end if the White House
does not seize the initiative before
hand. The Personnel Board consists
of the Undersecretary of State, chair
man; an Assistant Secretary of State
WHO has come from the diplomatic
branch Of the foreign service, an AS
he
consular branch, and the members of
the executive committee of the Person
mel Board.
The attacks which have aroused the
Presidents interest have been directed
mainly at the "career-man" system.
They have persisted for long time,
but. never stirred up the nationwide
attention the subject has received dur
ing the past year. The Nicaraguan
and Mexican messes turned the lime
light on it full force. Vice President
Dawes tilted at the "career-man" pol
icy hammer and tongs at a college
commencement address in st. Louis
last June. He declared that career
men" either serve abroad and in the
State Department so continuously or
become so fixed in their attitude
through strictly technical diplomatic
training that they are frequently out
of touch with American public senti-
ment.
The Vice President is especially op-
posed to the system of promoting
career men" on the seniority basis.
He asserts that seniority in promo
ton ruins the effectiveness of a peace
time army when thrust into war" BY
the same token. Dawes argues, Ameri-
can interests in grave emergency
might be fatally jeopardized by 'sca-
reer diplomats" intrusted with respon-
sibility simply because they rose to
their places on the seniority ladder
Reorganization Favored.
One of the constructive changes ad-
vccated in the foreign service is that
the makeup of the Personnel Board
should undergo reorganization. 1t Is
proposed that there be added to the
board either an ambassador or minis
ter in active service. or an ex-ambas-
sador or ex-minister who has returned
Evening star., 1927-10-23

the airways. There will be pilots en-.
gagged in miscellaneous air services,
such as flying schools. local and long,
distance sightseeing tours. etc. Indus
trial corporations will need cross-coun-
try pilots for the movement of execu-
tives about the country, and private
owners Of aircraft will need pilots In
their various travels. All OF these
phases of air traffic are already in ex-
istence in varying stages. s
Obviously, all the foregoing require
a rather high degree of experience and
ability. AS the demand increases and
as pilots advance to executive posi-
tions. there will be opportunities for
those now learning to fly. In the
meantime. graduates of flying schools
must gain experience in some way
to meet governmental requirements
for licenses and the demand by en-
ployers for experience and skill. The
present rate of pilots pay averages
from $35 to 800 a week. Schools OF
flying are scattered about the coun.
try and are advertised in the aero
nautical magazines or are listed in
the directories Of the industry.
Evening star., 1927-10-23
By WILLIAM RUFUS SCOTT.

English shopgirls touring the United
States praised the feet and ankles OF
American girls, whereupon some edi-
tors suggested to the visitors that
they could improve their own appear
ances by wearing smart American
shoes. The question is: Were the
American girls so admired wearing
American-made shoes?
More than 1000, 900 pairs of foreign
made women'S shoes will have been
imported by the United States by the
end Of this year. Department of Com
merce statistics for the first six
months Of 1927 showed 492.S97 pairs
of women's~ leather shoes imported.
and the prospect was for heavier
importation in the last six months OF
the year.
Miss America, therefore. is wearing
Miss Europe's shoes in ever-increasing
numbers. The total importations of
shoes in the first half of this year
reached 721.5S7 pairs, including shoes
for men and children with the wom-
ems shoess These figures refer to
footwear on which no duty Is col
lected. Leather footwear enters the
United States duty free, while shoes
with cloth tops pay tariff.
source OF FaHcy OhueS.
Czechoslovakia and Switzerland
send us most of the fancy women's
shoes imported, with France close be-
hind. And since these shoes are also
on sale in England there would be no
reason for the English shopgirls to
buy in this country. Czechoslovakia
and Switzerland have catered to the
extreme fancies in women's shoes, but
they make all kinds.
So rapidly are imports OF shoes
mounting that American manufacture
ers are expected at the Capitol in the
approaching session with pleas for a
tariff on leather footwear Foreign
competition not only is hurting Amer
lean manufacturers in this country. it
is driving American manufacturers
out of foreign markets. CUR exports
of shoes dropped more than $4,000, 900
i'm 1926 from the figures of 1925. In
1926 we exported 6.047 .070 pairs, worth
$13,279,014, whereas in 1925 we
exported S6.S74.6O1 pairs. worth
SIS, 5,665.277.
Cheaper labor abroad is responsible
for the slump In American sales. One
of the largest New England manu-
facturers of fine shoes, becoming wor-
ried by the failure of his statesmen to
get orders in the Far East and other
foreign markets, made trip around
the world himself, and discovered that
switzerland and Czechoslovakia were
getting the orders at prices he could
not meet.
Importations i'm Six Months.
During the first six months of this
year the United States imported 252,-
107 pairs of shoes from Czechoslo-
vakia and 136,S04 pairs from Switzer-
land. The remainder of the imports
came from the United Kingdom, which
sent 104.72S pairs: France. 97.5S4
pairs: Germany. 41.110 pairs; Austria.
54,620 pairs: Canada, 1857 pairs, and
smaller figures from other countries.
'These shoes are imported, madam"
the salesman will say to his American
customer. and 1t has weight, just as
Evening star., 1927-10-23
BY EDWARD p. WARNER,

Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Aero
TIME airplane carrier has become
vital element in naval
strength and particular cog
nizance of it's Importance
should be taken with an eye
to the future.
Assuming that the five-year air
craft program, designed to enable US
to look forward with confidence to
moderate but steady growth OF naVal
aeronautics both in personnel ana IN
equipment, will be carried to fruitlon,
we might still be rather sadly lacking
in this essential arm OF naval ava
tion. We have at present but one
shin. the Langley. that can be classi-
fed as an aircraft carrier, and that IS
a converted collier of slow speed ana
small plane-carrying capacity.
Two Carriers Being Built.
Aside from the Langley, two car.
riers of vast size, the Lexington and
Saratoga. are nearing completion, but
even when they take their place we
shall have but three flying decks for
the whole fleet. When we reallze tnat
even one or two small bombs m1gnt
seriously damage whole flying deck
as far as operations are concerned ana
consider also the possible necessity OF
spreading a fleet over large area
and consequently Of dividing aerlal
strength into several parts, we begin
to realize the Importance of the num-
ber of separate carrier decks.
The building of the two new car
riers has consumed more than SIX
years. While that time could be short
ened in constructing new units, at least
three years would have to be allowed
from the laying of the keel to the nm
ishing of the work on the ship. Even
if action to authorize an appropria-
ton for them were to be taken at the
next session of Congress, we could
not hope for the Incorporation into
the fleet of more than two vessels
built originally as carriers and devel'
oping a satisfactorily high speed, be-
fore 1881.
Ships Should Be Air Bases.
To have airplanes available at all
times and all places for instant opera
ton with the fleet, 1t Is indispensable
that there should be provision for
launching them from on shipboard
and operating them to and from ships
as a matter of course. To accomplish
this the airplane carrier is of utmost
importance in naval strength, and
must be present in sufficient numbers
Evening star., 1927-10-23
BY HENRY w. BUM.
.HE following is a brief 81

TIME following is brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the seven
i days ended October %:
Great Britain.--So Miss Dor
othy Logan, the London physician,
did not swim the English Channel,
making a new woman's record. The
business, it seems, was "a fake to end
fakes" to show how easily the public
could be fooled, ito show the neces-
sity Of independent umpires to pre-
vent possible abuses"
Miss Logan entered the sea at Cape
Griz Nez, France, and swan until be-
yond possibility of observation. Then
she was taken into waiting boat.
The boat proceeded toward England,
and at the proper time, when three
miles from Folkstone, Miss Logan
slipped into the water and swan
ashore, where she was greeted with
wild enthusiasm. Miss Logan thinks
she has "shown the desirability of an
international commission to supervise
and certify all Channel swims."
The results of recent parliamentary
bye-elections have extremely de-
pressed the Conservatives, and by the
same token have caused immense JOY
to the Liberals. OF the five most
recent elections the Liberals won
three. In the fourth they lost by less
than 200, having greatly increased
their vote; in the fifth, though only
third in the poll, they alone of the
three contesting parties increased
their vote. At Bosworth; of the total
of 81 500 votes cast, the Conservative
candidate received only 1856, whereas
at the general elections of 1924 the
winning Conservative candidate re.
.sx %. rfyl- L.
unions bill was chiefly in issue, to
which both the Liberal and the
Labor candidates declared themselves
opposed. The result goes some way
to falsify the oft-asserted Conserva-
tive claim that the country favors
that legislation. The general indica.
ton would seem to be that the
country regards apprehensively the
trend OF Conservative policy, yet hest.
tates to transfer the power to Labor
Labor made some but not very con-
siderable gains at Bosworth); but
whether, were general elections to be
held tomorrow, the country, desirous
of a middle course, would intrust the
conduct thereof to the Liberals is
very, very doubtful.
France.--The French note of reply
to our Governments note of October
| s, re tariffs, was delivered on October
| Is. 1t would seem that in the Octo.
ber note our Government asked that
the additional DETERMINATIONS" i'm
posed by the French government de-
cree of August 80 be discontinued
pending general settlement. Official
| publication of both notes is withheld.
| Some press accounts allege that in It's
note of October Is the French gov
ernment makes compliance with the
request just mentioned conditional
OF certain reciprocal American con-
cessions pending settlement. again,
affirming its unshakable adhesion to
| the principle of reciprocity. But we
are much to sea. am doing my best
TO keep the reader in touch with the
course of these very important ex-
changes. but that best is not very sat
isfactory.
| y k*h
Spain.--At the instance Of King
Alfonso the Sender yacht races be.
tween the United States and Spain
Evening star., 1927-10-23

Travelling moving picture shows are
the latest cinematic development in
Soviet Russia. At present there are
more than 1900 such units travelling
from one village to another. The pop
ularity of the exhibitions may be
judged by their rapid growth in num-
ber during the past two years. At the
end of 1925 there were less than 400
travelling movies. This figure rose In
1926 to 900, and for the present year
1t Is planned to produce 1000 projes
tors. '@~s3.s