davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-11-05
PHILOSOPHERS
BY
GLENN, FRANK

The rise OF a civilization and the
ripening of an individual mind alike
are born out of the fight that goes
on between fancy and fact.
The triumph of fancy over fact
means the death of intelligence and
the downfall OF civilization.
A recent volume of lectures on the
great minds of the Renaissance and
the Reformation recalls two sugges'
tive historical Incidents:
Hanging in the south choir aisle of
Hereford Cathedral is the famous
Mappa Mundi made by Richard de
HaldinGham.
This map of the world was drawn
by fancy.
1t represents the theological notion
of the world at the end OF the thir-
teenth century.
The habitable earth is pictured as
fiat and circular. as pie plate with
out n rim. surrounded by narrow
border of ocean.
Jerusalem stands at the center of
the world.
The Garden of Eden stands at the
extreme east.
The Tower of Babel Is between
Jerusalem and the Garden Of Eden.
Scattered around the border of this
pie.plate world are such places as the
peninsuia on which Alexander the
Great interned Cog and Magog, the
Earthly Paradise that st. Brandan
discovered, and the British Isles.
Scattered about in Asia and Africa
are the Kingdom of Prester John. the
home of the AmaZons, the granaries
of Joseph and the land of the Sciap-
odes, one-legged people whose single
foot was so versatile that IL gave
them swift transportation and served
as parasol to shade them from the
tropical sun.
This seems ridiculously fantastic to
rs in 1927. and the man who does not
know his history might dismiss 1t as
the complete index of the time, but
at the very time when Richard de
Haldingham was sketchlng TINS
mythical map of the world. which IN
no wise answered to the facts or the
world, Italian seamen in Venice ana
Genoa were drawing portoianl or
mariners charts Of the Mediter
ranean Basin in which the maritime
commerce of Middle Ages was cen
tered. These Italian seamen resorted
not to fancy. as Richard de Halding
ham had. but to careful observation
and repeated experiment. Ana the
portolani drawn by these Italian sea
men of Venice and Genoa put a foun
dation down for the modern science
of navigation
These portolani were drawn by fact.
Our current civilization and the
minds OF most Of us are like the world
OF Richard de IIaldingham and the
Italian seamen: fancy and fact oper'
ate side by side. we are partly real
istic and partly romantic.
Portolani must win over Mappa
Mandi if We are tQebe effective.
lCopsright Mcclure kSsspaper syndieats.b
Evening star., 1927-11-05

A news item has recently been pub
lished to the effect that the owner of
\ certain ranch claims the world 5
pumpkin growing record in that his
field is SO fun of the great golden
slobules that one cannot see the soil
beneath and that a casual caller can
step on pumpkin at one end Of the
great inclosure and walk across in
any direction without setting foot
anywhere save on pumpkin, Other
interesting details are to the effect
that all the vines have been smothered
out and two of the fruits--or vese-
tables Weigh over a tenth of a ton
apiece.
Can any bright young person guess
in which of our forty-eight sovereign
states this marvel occurred? To make
it easier these hints are given: 1t he
gins with G. and ends with an A and
is rather far out West. Yes. California
is, the answer There come to mind
in this connection other stories: rivers
50 crowded with spawning salmon that
one can walk dry-shod across them;
fields so full of poppies that they are
red and not green. and. in bygone days.
old creek beds SO Uttered with golden
nuggets that man arrived there
poor and went to bed the first night
wealthy.
In the more scanty and poverty
stricken East about the only place
persons can see pumpkins in such pro
fusion is in store windows. while about
their only sight of crowded fish is
when the can Of toothsome sardines is
opened for Sunday night supper. 1t
where everything is as perfect and as
numerous as in California and, at the
same time, there must be catch in
it somewhere For if things were that
good. outsiders would not be wanted
to rush in and raise more pumpkins
and lower the price. Yet the Come to
Californian chorus is ever on the
crescendo The poor Fastener gets
somewhat distraught on hearing OF
these marvels. Who can blame him
IT, on learning that this prolific pump
kin-producer is named Chris Peter
sen, in his inmost secret mind he is OF
the opinion that it should be Hans
Christian Andersen?
Evening star., 1927-11-05

A tunnel has been driven under the
H;o.:h River between New York and
Jersey City 70 accommodate vehicular
traffic. II is a giant affair which cost
an immense sum Of money and is ex
Sected TO relieve congestion in a de-
gree tha' will justify the huge ex-
penditure. A system Of ventilation
has been devised to keep the air in the
tunnel free from the smoke and gas
incident TO motor propulsion. Bot
with all the devices for this purnoss
there has been some uneasiness lest
the tunnel might in the case of a fire
become a place Of danger ard death
TO its users. Accordingly test Of the
matter was arranged. An old auto.
mobile was soaked with oil and at a
point about one thousand feet from
one of the entrances was set abiaZe
by a torch An alarm was sounded by
q tunnel police guard which brought
other guards from their stations four
hundred feet distant. who. WITH ave
Evening star., 1927-11-05
Quantity Aircraft Production.

Quantity production Of airpIa mes by
American manufacturers is predicted
for 1928. At banquet given in New
York in honor OF the British secretary
Of state for air, the other night, As
sistant Secretary Maccracken Of the
Department Of Commerce, whose spe.
cialty Is aviation, stated that the pla M
Of the aircraft industry In this country
for next year We're Of such magnitude
as IN escape compa rison" with other
years. One commercial company alone.
having no contracts with the Govern
ment. has arranged for the production
Of twelve hundred commercial pla mes
II has taken some years for the air.
craft industry in America, the home
Of the heavier.than-air machine, to
speed up to this point. The rea son is
that there has been no commercial de
mand for planes. No regular lines,
outside Of those carrying tie mails,
have been established. Outside of the
individual owners, who have planes for
their own experiments and pleasure,
and the sightseeing companies that
operate short.trip planes in the neigh.
borhood OF cities. there has been small
occasion for production. The racers
and stunt flyers have used few score
Of machines The Army. Navy and
Mail Service planes probably outnum.
ber all those privately owned.
No expla anation Is given OF the uses
TO which the record breaking number
of planes predicted for 1928 production
will he put. 1t may be tina. CONNER.
ciai lines will be established regular
passenger and express services be
tween cities. Assuredly the conditions
here are conducive to development.
The broad spaces, the activity OF bust.
ness. the generally safe flying condi
tions all go 10 make large scale com
merciaI flying practicable and promls.
| ing OF returns. The country has been
! thoroughly sold to the idea OF ira MS.
portstion by air. The exploits Of this
Evening star., 1927-11-05
Jury Terrorism.

Chicago furnishes the latest instance
Of a grave weakness of the American
| jury system. In August junk dealer
was shot and killed beca use he refused
to join union sponsored by Harry }
Lewis. who was later placed on trial
for murder. 1t required four weeks to
| obtain a jury. largely because of ter
rorism. Six hundred and thirty venire
men were examined before twelve men
were found who were qualified under
the law and were acceptable to both
prosecution and defense. or the six
hundred and eighteen veniremen re-
jected the majority showed evidence
Of pronounced Discrimination to occupy
the box of Judgment. There seems to
have been little attempt to conceal
the fact that threats were made to
prevent service. Indeed, the coercive
action of the defense went so far as
to cause notice to be sent formally to
Lewis Newman. an important witness
for the State. that he would be killed
If he testified. He replied publicly,
They will have to kill me, for l am
going to testify against Lewis il / am
alive" After he had made this reply
Newmans home was bombed, the
house being wrecked Public senti.
ment was so aroused that a subscrip.
ton was raised to pay the damage
Newman has just testified for the
prosecution.
AS far as information has reached
this part OF the country about the case
there has been no effort to bring to
justice those who menaced Newman
and the veniremen. Yet the crime of
interfering with judicial proceedings
by attempting to procure complacent
jury and to choke of evidence is
graver even than that OF which the
defendant in this instance is accused,
Jury-fxing before trial as well as
during progress Is so grave an offense
against the public security that 1t
should be punished when detected nd
proved by the severest penalties that
can ne administered. Terrorism exer.
cised before the Jury is sworn and ter.
rorism exercised after it has begun to
hear testimony are calculated to de.
feat the law
Evening star., 1927-11-05

Of age employed as newsboys. boot
blacks. errand delivery and messen-
ger boys. vendors of chocolate.
chewing gum and shoestrings. mar
ketstand helpers, etc.
Q. Is the sun nearer the earth in
the Winter time -, f. NJ.
a. The sun is approximately
3,o00,oh0 miles nearer the earth on
January / than on July /.
Q. How long have women been
permitted to practice before the SUI
preme Court Of the United States?
w r.
A. The hill permitting women To
practice law before the Uniteci
states Supreme Court was passed by
the Congress in 1879, largely due to
the efforts of Belva \. Lockwood.
O. Why do seats on the New
YORK Stock Exchange cost 81 much
and why isn't the price stationary?
-. T.. ).
~ Membership on tho New York
Stock Exchange is limited to 1.lpU.
In order TO possess the right 10 buy
or sell securities upon a stock ex-
change. one must be a duly elected
member OF the same. pay his initia-
tlon fee and share in the assets and
liabilities of the exchange. His in
terest. instead of being called share
of stock" is called seat" A seat
may be. as in the case of the New
York Stock Exchange. very valuable,
but varying IN price in accordance
with the business activity of the ex-
Change-that is. the amount of busi-
ness being transacted, which nat
urally affects the demand.
O. Do incandescent electric lights
take any oxygen from a living room?
How about arc lights?- II. f.
A. The Bureau of Standards says
that an incandeScent electric light
does not take any oxygen. Arc lights
do consume some oxygen.
@. have a rubber plant which has
grown very well. but does not
branch. Can it be made TO do so?
"A. II NJ.
A. Cutting the top off down to the
point where you want il to fork
should produce the desired result.
After this is done the plant should
he placed in the sun and the usual
care given it.
This is n special department deroted
solely to The handling Of queries. This
paper puts at pour disposal The serC-
ices Of an eTtensiue OrDdnisGfion IN
Washington to Scrre DOu i'm any ca
2dcity that relates to information.
This scrt.ice is free. Failure to make
use Of it dcprirrs Dou Of benefits to
which Dou are entitled. Your obliga.
ton is only 2 cents in stamps inclosed
rith yonr inquiry for direct replp Ad-
dress The Erenin0 star Information
Burcdu. Frederic J. Hdskin. director,
Washington, ID. G.
Evening star., 1927-11-05
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES &. TRACEW ELL.

having no time we must scramble for
our chances. We are too poor to be
| late.
And thus II is that time goes by
while | give it to every querulous
man who cl1ims 1t. aud thine altar is
empty of all offerings to the last.
'At the end of the day l hasten
in fear lest thy gate he shut; but
find hat yet there is time"
These religious meditations of
Tagore are touched with the phrase
ology of the Scriptures. There is
something reminiscent of Isaiah in
| the following:
Thou hast made me known to
friends whom knew NOT. Thou hast
given me seats in homes not my own
Thou hast brought the distant near
, and made a brother of the stranger y
Tn the center of this volume Of
mystic religious verse, as if to indi-
cate To the world that love, too, is
holy, Tagore has included the follow
ing:
1.-The sleep that fits on baby's eyes
does anybody know from where it
comes? Yes. there is a rumor that
it has its dwelling where, in the fairy
village among shadows of the forest
dimly lit with rlow.worms. there hang
two imid buds OF enchantment.
From there it comes to kiss baby's
eyes.
THE smile that flickers on baby's
lips when he sleeps does anybody
know whore it was horn" Yes. there
is a rumor that a young. pale beam
of Il crescent moon touched the edge
Of Il vanishing Autumn cloud, and
hn 10 ret in. to
dream "f dcw-washed morning the
smile that flckers on baby's lips when
he sleeps.
The sweet, soft freshness that
blooms on baby's limbs does anybody
know where it was hidden so long?
Yes. when the mother was young
girl it lay pervading her heart in
tender and silent mystery of love-the
sweet. soft freshness that has boomed
on babys limbs
Nothing is trivial il rightly viewed
The poet says:
''The day was when | did not keep
myself I'm readiness for thee, and en-
terinC my heart unbdlen even as one
of the common crowd, thou ddst press
the signet Of eternity upon many a
fteetiG moment Of my life.
And today when by chance I light
upon them and see thy signature, |
find they have lain scattered in the
Dust mixed with the memory of joys
and sorrows Of my trivial days for.
gotten.
"Thon didst not turn in contempt
from my childish play among dust,
and the steps that heard in my play.
room are the same that are echoing
from star to star"
We end this series Of selections
from Tagore with the following:
Here is thy footstool and there
rest thy feet where live the poorest,
and lowliest, and lost
When | try to bow to thee my
obeisance cannot reach down TO the
depth where thy feet rest among the
poorest. and lowliest. and lost.
Pride can never approach to where
thou walkest in the clothes of the
humble among the poorest. and low
lest, and lost.
My heart can never find it's way
TO where thou keepest company with
the compa nionless among the poorest
the lowiiest, and the lost
Evening star., 1927-11-05
UNITED STATES
in WORLD WAR
Ten Years Ago Today

More complete details of the first
actual combat between American and
German troops at the front state that
small detachment Of Americans was
attasked In the trenches early Satur.
day morning by much larger force
of German shock troops. The
Americans were cut off from relief by
heavy barrage i'm their rear. They
fought gallantly until overwhelmed by
sheer force of numbers. 1t was hand
to.hand fighting, briefly and fiercely
waged with pistols. grenades. knives
and bayonets. London news.
papers are giving prominence to dis.
patches from Washington and Paris
which predict the creation of an allied
general staff to coordinate the con.
troll of operations on all fronts.
Government makes public three let.
ters sent to Ambassador Gerard by
German soldiers protesting against
the massacring OF prisoners by Ger.
mans. Wholesale slaughter Of help.
less Russians and killing Of captured
Eneiish Is charged
Evening star., 1927-11-05
allon nre extinruishers. plaved

gaIoH Hfe extfnsufSherS. played
chemicals on the blaze. In three
minutes and thirty seconds after the
first flash of fire the flames We're
eXtinguished. All of the smoke had
disappeared through the ventilators.
The car was then resoaked with oil.
The guards resumed their stations
and the torch was again applied. IN
this second test the alarm brought
TO the scene n special engine, Il com
bination Of chemical thrower and
crane. II came through the tube from
stream of foam upon the wreck,
Within two minutes and fifteen sec
onds the fire was out and the smoke
had disappeared. The apparatus was
hitchod to the ruined car and it WAS
hauled speedily out of the tube
Within five minutes after the second
blaze was started all evidence Of the
fire had vanished.
1t is believed that this test demon
Strates that through organization and
proper equipment such a mishap as
a blazing motor car in the tunnel car
he handled in a manner TO prevent
disaster. The ventilation was proved
to he perfect The efficiency u 'he
Hrefighting system was established,
or course. the conditions of the test
were favorable. The way was cleo
for the apparatus to reach the s''ne
1t might not be clear in ordinary
traffic conditions. A longer time would
probably be required to eNtinSuish
blaze. Panic r,ight possibly ensne.
But at least the question OF ventilation
has been answered. and on that score
those who use the tunnel when it is
opened for service should be reas,
sured In view of the very small per
centage of moving motors that catch
fire it would seem that the element of
accidental ignition in the tunnel Is
negligible.
Evening star., 1927-11-05
Street Signs.

As the matter Of markin" the
routes through Washington for the
benefit Of motor visitors is taken
under consideration thought should
be given to the question Of the better
designation of all the streets in the
CITY for the Information of Washing
tonians as we'll as their guests. In
the original layout of the Capital
with it's sequence of lettered and
numbered streets. it was not difficult
10 identify thoroughfares, even after
nichtfall. Going east and west one
had merely to count. with a few eX-
ceptions due 10 minor streets. and in
going north and south it was needful
only to recite the alphabet. with the
same few exceptions. But beyond
the area of the original city. espe-
ciallv in the northern and southern
sections, in the suburbs, the system
of regular designations has not been
carried out with entire fidelity. In
some degree street names have been
established in alpha hetical order. but
with such numerous exceptions and
departures as 10 cause confusion to
those who are not specifically fa-
miliar with localities.
With the improvement of the sys-
tenn of street illumination-which still
leaves much room for betterment
the street signs have become less
visible than in the old DAYS when
thev were placed on the tops OF the
lambs and were fairly visible at
night. But as the lamp posts were
made higher and of a different type
the street signs lost their visibility
in the dark hours of the day. Being
placed parallel with the streets they
name, these signs. especially when
located on the near" corner, are
practicaIly useless for identification.
Some observers contend that the
street sign should not be on the
street lamp. but should be across the
street in order to receive the fullest
possible illumination. BY this system
a driver approaching an intersection
into which he may wish TO turn can
get his hearings before he reaches
the turning point. Only by placing
the street designation on the far side.
II not or both corners. which would
be better, can motor drivers be given
the information they need without
requiring to take their eyes of the
roadway and the condition OF the
traffic.
II Is not safe TO assume that all
drivers know all the streets. As
matter of fact many of them do not.
Indeed only few of the motorists
OF this city are thus thoroughly ac-
uuainted with all of the passageways
The cost of large. well lighted. nu-
nerous sicns-four to a corner would
he none too many-that will expedite
traffic. lessen accidents. and make In
general for the comfort Of the COM
rnunity is of small importance when
the advantage Is considered.
Evening star., 1927-11-05
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. H4SKIN.

@. Did I.azzeri Of the New York
Yankees make three home runs in
any game this season?-N. H.
A. Lazzeri made three home runs
against the White SoX. June s. 1927.
@. Who in the film world receives
the most fan Ietters?--.I NJ Il.
A. 1T is said that Clara Bow receives
more letters from admirers than any
other player.
Q. What is the professional
honor fraternity for college journal
ists?--W. NJ. T..
A. The only non-professional honor.
ary fraternity for college journalists
is for women. Theta Sigma Phi.
q. In what States are onions inn
portant crops?-W. J. l..
a. Onions are produced chiefly in
New York. Texas and Indiana.
Q. Please give a brief history of the
Parent Tea cher Association.--J. r. @.
A. The National Congress Of Par
ents and Teachers-Chartprcd under
the laws Of the District of Columbia
is volunteer organization actively en-.
gagged i'm certain special. lines of edu.
cational work. All those interested In
its objects may become members. On
February i. 1897. it was organized
under the name of the National Con
gress of Mothers by IL group of women
led by Mrs. Theodore w. Birney and
Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst. The organ
iZerS. persons of affairs, representing
the phila nthropic. religious, social and
political interests of the Nation. real
lied that while mothers have ever de
termined the character of Young chill
dren they have failed lacking guild
ance and means of cooperation, to
exert the influence upon the race
which might he possible were condi-
tions beyond the home brought under
ut least partial control 1t was the
original aim of the Congress of
Mothers TO secure such control and 10
carry mother-love and mothcr-thouCht
into all that concerns or touches child
hood In home, school. church or
State.
@. What would the stone In the
Great Pyramid at Gizeh weigh?-
d. w. ID.
A. Prof. w. D. Durant SAYS that
there are over $500. 900 blocks aver.
aging two and one-half tons each The
pyramid would weigh at least $50
900 tons.
O. What is the cost of making the
models Of the war vessels of the
United States?-E. NJ
A. The cost of models varies WITH
the type of ship. Models of dread
naughts such as the North Dakota.
which was scrapped in 1923 under the
terms of the limitation of armamen's
pact, cost from $10,0 900 to $4,000 and
sometimes take two years to build.
o. How many children in this
country are employed as bootblacks.
newsboys. etc. w.
A. There are in the United States
about 200. 900 children under 16 years
Evening star., 1927-11-05
Shipwreck Off Brazil
Brings Tribute to Heroes

value Of new force which science
has uncovered so recently that most
of us knew it not in our youth"
responsibility for the disaster is
considered by some papers. The Indi-
annapolis News holds that travel at
sea has been made so safe and dis.
asters involving great loss of life
have been so infreduent that he who
goes to sea was regarded as having a
greater chance for his life than he
who travels on land" The News as
scrts that "a tragedy of this nature
Is bad thing for all lines and to some
extent requires all maritime interests
to take steps against the recurrence
Of such a disaster" The Asheville
Times contends that ''if the Nafalda
went down because of neglected pre-
cautions, or if men. women and chill.
dren were drowned through lack of
preparation for an unavoidable acci.
dent to the vessel, it follows that both
and shipping officials have
grossly and fagrantly failed in the
performance of primary duty"