davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-11-27
WINTER DRIVING CAN BE SAFE
AS MOTORING DURING SUMNER
Autoist Must Appreciate Differences
However, and Study Speed, Brakes,
Signaling and Consideration.

Winter driving, naturally, is not the
same simple exercise that Summer
motor car operation is. but there Is
no reason why when its difficulties
are recognized and allowed for it
should not he appreciably as safe.
But unless one is willing from the
start to concede that there is differ
ence, safety is sacrificed. IL not alto.
gether reduced to a matter of luck.
The starting point in the process OF
studying Winter driving centers in
the fact that the cars footing is in.
firm and uncertain, If not absolutely
treacherOus.
Traction is dependent upon the de-
gree of friction between the tires and
the surface of the road. The amount
Of friction is relatively low when The
road is wet. If the highway is snow
covered. it is lower still. II the driv-
ing surface is q thin coating of ice,
friction. and traction, of course. sta nd
approximately at the vanishing
point.
Five Major Aspects Prevail.
When any one of these conditions
prevails there are five ma jor aspects
of driving to be considered by every
motorist. The first is the matter of
speed. 1t stands to reason that
speed always must be tempered by
the prevailing condition of the high
way, and in Winter it usually is one
not to be trifled with in the 36 snow
States Of the Nation. If speed. in it.
self, does not always induce q loss OF
friction 1t at least makes more haZ-
ardous the aftermath of that loss. In
other words. the faster one is travel
ing. the farther one goes before stop
ping, and in a skid or slide, the
farther one goes the more trouble
one courts. So. in the main, Winter
driving should be slower driving.
Another point in connection with
speed is that. regardless Of the pace
one chooses, it should be regular. 1t
must be remembered that skidding re-
suits from casual use of the accelera-
tor as well AS from inconsiderate use
of the brakes. An accelerative force
suddenly applied induces An effect al
most identical with that of the decel.
erative force. Fitful, uneven driving
may be perfectly safe when the high
way Is dry and clear. 1t is definitely
unsafe in Winter
Evening star., 1927-11-27

back over former mistakes. Some
ears have a special grease hole drilled
through the hub of the wheel, so that
by unscrewing a plug and inserting
a high pressure greaSing nipple 1t is
a simple matter to lubricate the bear
ing. Smiths car was not so equipped.
making it necessary to remove the
hub cap in order to do the job.
Simplifying the Process.
Guess I'll have to take the wheel
off and pack the bearings by hand
he decided.
IF YOU want a lot of extra work
that's good plan," I replied, but
why go to all that bother? Just pack
the hub cap with grease and in screw
ing it on you will he forcing lubricant
Through to the bearings"
| cautioned him. however. against
overriding it. for If grease works
through to the inside of the wheel
and is not cleaned off it may get down
on the lining of the front wheel brake
and cause much trouble and annoy.
ance.
We'll, that certainly simplifes mat
ters," He became enthusia site after
finishing with the front wheels. Now
I'll just repeat the process with the
rear ones"
That statement was further evil
dence that his greasing the car was
proving an excellent lesson in under.
standing the car. The rear wheels
present an altogether different situa-
ton because of the difference in the
axleS.
Your treatment was all right for
wheels that turn on bearings mounted
on the ends of dead axles," / explain
ed, but remember that your rear
wheels are Joined to the ends Of live
axles and turn with them. The bear.
ings of most rear wheels are in the
axle housing ends just behind the
wheels and there is special grease
nipple at such points.
Action Is Waste Effort.
Thus, IL you remove the hub cap.
fill it with grease and start trying to
force grease into the bearing by screw
ing the cap on again, you are just
wasting time. It's the axle that is
supported by the bearing, not the
wheel And the bearing is behind the
wheel and not in the hub"
/ told him, of course, that this ap-
piled to semi-fioating axles. which are
most widely used. The three-quarter
type may have the bearing inside the
wheel and be equipped with grease
plug in the hub, but this type is not
found so frequently. The full-f1oat-
ing is not used on many makes. but
is considered by some engineers to
be the best type. 1t has two bear
inss; one back of the wheel. the other
out in the hub. For these special
types it is best to consult the instruc-
ton book Of the particular car.
(Convright. 1927
Evening star., 1927-11-27
Learned From Greasing.

There's no better way to become
familiar with a car than by going
over it with grease gun. I've al
WAYS believed this, but had my con
victions strengthened by watching
smith as he fabricated his car one
Saturday afternoon recently.
The first thing he did was to force
as much grease into the fan bearing
as he could. apparently working on
the theory Of the more the better
When he had finished. l stepped over
to the car and, placing finger nail
on the ball check valve of the grease
nipple, allowed a quantity of grease
to squirt back out of the bearing.
what does that" he asked, sur.
prised that the grease could come
from the idle bearing.
"Pressure," replied. you've simply
forced in so much grease that pres
sure was built up in the bearing. This
would have acted as detriment had
| not released the pressure. You may
not believe il, hut | have been able
ia ston the fan from revolving by
putting its bearing under too high a
pressure"
smith decided to do the rest Of his
greasing more intelligently.
How about this?" he asked. point
ing to the steering gear housing.
always keep it filled with grease,
but not under pressure" j advised.
And be careful TO use the right kind
of lubricant between a
heavy oil and a cup grease is best"
Proper Grease Essential.
'I don't understand why any special
care is needed here" he meditated.
The steering mechanism is fairly
husky unit and not to be compared
with the bearing in Ale fan. SO long
as it's grease l should think there
would be nothing to worry about, and
the heavier the grease the better
Il don't want to cause YOU any an
noyance, so I'll not follow my first
thought about letting you go ahead
packing the gear case with this cup
grease you are using on the spring
bolts and shackles. I'll just tell you
of my own experience. After exactly
such a greasing as you are planning,
| took the car out and drove 1t over
a very rough road at a good rate of
speed. You should have felt the road
shock that came hack to me through
the steering gear
1t was simple case OF too much
grease and the wrong kind. The
lubricant wasn't yielding enough for
the steering gear, with the result that
the action was not properly cushioned.
Also, l had put the grease in under
too high pressure and thereby had
disturbed the adjustment enough to
be noticeable in driving the car for
the first 10 miles.
Smith had gone on to the front
wheel bearings while my mind ran
Evening star., 1927-11-27
PART BETTERMENT
TO IMPROVE AUTO
Notor Company Expert De-
cIares Machine Changes
Relatively Small.

Answering the question as to the
direction in which future improve
ment of the automobile lies. one eN-
pert points ont that hetterment will
come in the raising of the fundamental
efficiency of its parts.
The expert in question. ]. II. Hunt
of the Chevrolet Motor Co. in re-
cent address before the Detroit Section
of the Society OF AutomotiVe EnGi-
neers. stated as his opinion that the
changes Yet 10 he made in the auto
mobile are small relatively, hut are
highly important commercially. They
NAV not he much when measured
by the laboratory. hut. he said, they
will he important in the eyes OF the
car user.
The objective that should he
sought" Mr. Hunt believes. is that
no adjustment OF any part VIII ne re-
uuircd in 10000 miles Of operation.
Real advance will be made when
engineers devote themselves to such
a problem. The rest is dependent
on the factory and the inspection
department.
Recent improvements in The auto
motive industry include the use of
better fuels and better knowledge
OF their use and a gain IN the per-
formance and efficiency of internal
combustion engines by increasing the
compression. Now that the construc-
ton of the chassis of each car has
become practically standardized, other
features, such as appearance, are en-
phasized. Parts are supposed to out
last the life of the car, but the makers
of some parts. such as spark-pluCs.
recommend their being changed each
year. The average life of a car
has been increased 80 per cent since
the war. This affects the rate at
which new cars can be built and
necessitates their being made more
desirable"
Mr.. Hunt described the saturation
point, as applied to the automobile
business, as the point at which, when
a new car is sold, another car must
be relegated to the junk pile. On the
basis of the rate of scrapping cars,
automobile saturation has reached
only the halfway point. An average
of one car per family is approaching.
The prosperity of the automotive
industry has been due, in Mr.. Hunts
opinion, not so much to what engi-
neers have done, as to other factors,
such as good roads, cheap fuel, inn
provements in tires, and the like.
Even though the Chinese people were
as wealthy as Americans, the market
in China would not equal the Ameri-
can market because of the lack of
roads there. The country is not physi-
cally equipped to use the cars, he
pointed out.
Evening star., 1927-11-27

Braking technique i is different. too.
and, of course, it is definitely linked
up with the matter of speed. Sudden
application of the brakes is. perhaps.
the most certain way to send the car
into an uncomfortable tangent. IL the
brakes are equalized, this contingency
is not so great, but it exists because
the traction under one wheel may be
greater than that under another. The
preventive for skidding is to avoid
sudden changes of course. through
steering. or sudden changes in the
form of power applied to the rear
wheels. by application of the brakes.
While there is no absolutely certain
way to escape unharmed from a skid
there are TIVE steps in breaking out
of it. They require quick thinking.
The first is to remove ones foot from
the brake pedal instantly. The sec
ond is to steer in the direction of the
skid
Reasonable Space Needed.
Meeting these conditions means 10
drive in proper relationship with
other highway users. In the main,
this means dictates the allowance Of
rea sonable space between oneself and
the car ahead, in doing which one
may make his own driving conform
to that of the other man. regardless OF
how eccentric the latter's course may
be. II a distance of Is feet Is aie-
quate in Summer. so is more reason
able under Winter conditions. except
when the pace is extremely slow.
Another important factor in assur-
ing the complete safety of Winter
car operation concerns the matter OF
giving clear and concise signals OF
every single change of course that Is
contemplated. The motorist behind
is big figure in the safety OF all
concerned. and unless he is fully an
praised of what is going on I'm the
pathway which is obscured. he cannot
drive with the certainty that be-
speaks safety.
The thoughtful motorist who con
sders the other man as we'll as him
self will not resort to the unfair and
dangerous practice of driving car
so tightly closed that he cannot signal
promptly and properly
All in ALL Winter driving. II it Is
to he safe. is simply matter OF real
tzing that 1t is Winter.
(Copyright 1927
Evening star., 1927-11-27
MOTOR CARS NEED NEW DIET
DURING RICORS OF WINTER
Chanee of Gas and Oil Often Necessary.
Experiments Will Determine
Best Lubricants

There are many motorists who lea n
over backward in their effort TO 90
the engine a favor in respect to lis
cold -weat ther oil They pay n penalty
that altogether is compare Bile to that
of the individual who buys too heavy
an oil.
Greases for Cold Weather.
Grease for cold weather also are an
item of consideration. Starting with a
viscosty that already is relatively
high. low temperatures contract the
greases into a mass that presents a
solid path through which light gears
must travel. The result is that these
gears are seriously underIubrlcated.
Transmission and differential units
are the chief sufferers and, regardless
of the fine materials and workman
shin that go into them, they cannot
stand up Indefinitely under faulty
fabrication.
Th remedy for these potential
troubles is the use Of special Winter
gear lubricants. which are mixtures OF
oils and gseaSeS. The change from
Summer to Winter greaseS should he
made with the first signs that cold
weather definitely has arrived. In case
an owner would avoid making such
change he can assure himself com,
narrative fabrication of these VITA
parts by diluting with medium grade
engine oil the grease already in these
housings.
Every other part of the car that IS
fabricated with grease during warmer
seasons should be treated to oil dur
ing the Winter. Universal joints. fan
bearings, spring shackles, steering
units and others will give immeasur.
ably more efficient and economical
service if shown consideration in this
respect.
On the whole, the car owner VINO
remembers that the automobile needs
a different diet in Winter is the one
who does not have TO call the service
man when he starts to the Office in
the morning.
1Copyrlght 1877
Evening star., 1927-11-27
CARS NEED WASHING.
Periodic Bath Necessary for All
Automobiles.

Just because the chances are that
the car will get dirtier much quicker
at this season than any other is no
rea son for falling to give it periodic
wash and polish. Deposits Of dirt and
mud that are allowed to remain on the
finish for any length of time will be
converted into a film that cannot be
removed except by process known
as renovation, which costs consider
ably more than the ordinary wash and
polish. 1t is harder to keep a car
clean in the Fall. but the additional
time and effort is we'll spent
Evening star., 1927-11-27
Tighten the Front Pair.

IL it is necessary to tighten the ey.
posed brakes to eliminate inefficiency
traceabie to the splashing Of mud and
slush. the car owner should remem.
her that only the frontwheel brakes
require this treatment. BY the time
the front wheels have gone through
a puddle there Is very little mud o.
slush left to he splashed by the rearS
Only a slightly closer Ina nd adjust
ment is necessary i'm either case
Evening star., 1927-11-27
Spur Gears Creeping Back.

Spur gears are creeping back into
the yernacular of motordom. AS
result, there are many who wonder
just what is@ the difference between
this and any other type of gear. The
answer is simple and easy to remem-
ber. Spur gears are those in which
the teeth are cut straight across in
stead of at an angle. In several cars
today new ways are being found to
use this type of gear.
Evening star., 1927-11-27
CHANGE OIL OFTEN.
Cold Weather Causes Need for
Fresh Lubricants.

Oil filters that keep the crankcase
lubricant in good condition for from
/ 500 to 1000 miles or more during
warm weather are not so efficient in
Winter. when gasoline and other di.
luents seep into the lubricant. 1t Is
we'll to remember that the filter func.
tions only by removing foreign solids
from the oil and these, during cold
weather. are not in any way so cap
able OF working havoc to the engine
as a thin. bodyless lubricant. Even
with a filter. oil should he changed i'm
from 500 to 80 miles when the
weather is cold
Evening star., 1927-11-27

There are many "don'ts" that might
be given to the motorist in connection
with Winter car operation. Ten OF the
most prominent are:
Don't use the choke excessively or
run on too rich a carburetor mixture.
Never leave the choke out when the
engine is warm.
Don't forget to change oil every 500
miles, even if the car has an oil filter.
Don't fail to refill the battery with
water every two weeks, and while do.
ing this, check the charge.
Don't get close to the car ahead
when travelling fast on slippery
street or highway. 1t takes more room
in Winter.
Don't fail to check the anti.freeze
Evening star., 1927-11-27
SPARK PLUGS NEGLECTED..
Motorists Warned to Watch Them
Carefully.

spark plugs. once the victims Of car
bon. now have a new enemy. That Is
overwork. Plugs are so good these
days and the engines in which they
perform are so much better than they
used to be that, like the brook, they
seem to go on forever. The plug
point that has been used for many
miles. however, may be as clean as
whistle, but having fired millions of
gasoline charges, it becomes thin. In
this condition it gets red hot after
few minutes of Use and causes serious
misfiring. A new plug will assure
much better performance.
Evening star., 1927-11-27
Glyceril Raises Problem.

If glycerin is the antifreeZe de-
cided upon, the motorist must re-
member that it will leak through
crevices where water will not find
a way out. This means that hose
must be in the best pos.
sible condition to avoid loss of the
anti-freeze substance. II the hose is
worn, it may be well to replace it with
new connections. This. of course. is
relatively true even il alcohol is the
anti.freeZe used.
Evening star., 1927-11-27
LOOK FOR FROZEN WATER.
Hot Cloths Around Carburetor
Will Thaw 1t Out.

There is not so much dust In the
air to Green into the gasoline and stop
up the gasoline tank. fuel line or the
carburetor. However, there is water
to create the same or greater dlHcui
tics If the carburetor apparently is
NJ fault when the car fails to start IN
cold weather, 1t is we'll to suspect
frozen water somewhere in the line
The home remedy is to wrap hot
cloths around the carburetor or tank
strainer until the water has thawed.
Then remove the strainer at the base
OF the device or open the trap at the
bottom of the tank.
Evening star., 1927-11-27
Ten Don is by Which the D. C. Motorist
May Avoid Trouble During Winter

regularly il a volatile substance is be-
ing used
Don't try to rush a snow-drift or
mud. hole. Go slowly and get through.
Don't twist the steering wheel sud
denly on an icy or snow road. Front
wheel skids are the most dangerous
kind.
Don't close all the windows. Signals
are essential to motoring safety.
Don't drive without chains on a
slippery surface, and don't drive with
them on a dry pavement.
Don't forget, it's Winter.
Evening star., 1927-11-27
John Smith and His Car
BY FREDERICK e. RUSSELL.

Smith a character whom should welcome
lie lie willing
lad to
of Othe menb of the moo
Evening star., 1927-11-27

The service the car gives in Winter
corresponds to the consideration 1t
gels.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08
SUMMONS BY PUBLICATION

In the Justice Court before E.,
W. Davis. Justice Of the Peace,
Cosmopolis Precinct, Grays Har-
Dor county, State Of Washington.
Pacific Coast Adjustment Com
pany. Inc, Plaintiff, VS. HOWARD
GRISWOLD, Defendant.
State Of Washington. IS, Grays
Harbor County. to Harold Girls
void, Defendant.
In the name Of the State Of
Washington: You are hereby mott
fled that Pacific Coast Adjustment
Company, q corporation, has filed
a complaint against you in TIE
above named court which viii come
on to be heard at my office 10
Cosmopolis. in Grays Harbor
County, State Of Washington, on
the 7th day Of April, 1927, at the
hour Of 10 o'clock A. NJ, and unless
you appear and then and there
answer the same viii 5e taken Is
confesses and the demand Of the
plaintiff granted. The subject and
Aannand Of said eompls int is "a Sc
cure q judgment against you for
and on account Of merchandise bill
in favor of C. N. Halls whic hhas
been assigned to plaintiff for suit,
and to subject to such judgment,
certain moneys held under garnish-
ment in the hands Of Mason Conn-
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

SUMMONS By PUBLICATION
n the Justice Court before 2. ".
Davis, Justice Of the Peace, Cos
mopolis Precinct. 6rays Harbor
County, State 81 Washington
Pacific Coast Adjustment Com
pany, Inc, vs.. FLOYD GIBSON
Defendant:
State Of Washington, Sc, Grays
Harbor County, 70 Floyd Gibson
defendant
In ths name Of the State d Wash
ineton. Yon are hereby notified
that Pacific Coast Adjustment
. Company. E corporation. has filed
complaint against you il above
named court aicH uill come on to
Be heard At nay sEiles IN Cosmopo-
IS. Il Crags HaEbor County, Wash
neton. on the 21st day Of April,
D27, ct the hour Of 70 o'clock A.
L, and unless you appear and
hen and there answer, the same
win be taken as confessed and the
demand Of the plaintiff granted.
The subject and demand q the
said complaint is to secure a judg-
ment against you for and on &C
count Of auto parts and repairs IN
favor Of Service Auto Company
which has been assigned to plaintiff
for suit, and 70 subject to such
Judgment certain moneys held I'M
der garnishment in the hands Of
Mason county Logging Company,
Inc, garnishee defendant.
Complaint filed March 8, 1927:
E. W. Davis, Justice Of the Peace,
Date Of first publication March
Is, 1927; date Of last publication,
April Is. 1927.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

Musicians--Meets first Sunday
OF each month at Hotel Morck. VIM.
Appleyardi secretary, 112 West
Wishkah, phone 2Os7-W.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

Teamsters and chauffeurs-Ey-
cry Wednesday evening at 8 D. m.
in Binding Trades Council Hall at
D. and Market streets. Robert
Reins, secretary; Harry Gordon,
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08


Aberdeen Carpenters Meets ev-
cry Wednesday evening at 400 e.
Wishkah street. H. J. Dunning,
recording secretary.
Montesano Carpenters = Meets
every Monday evening on North
River street. Monteaano. O. &c.
Moak, secretary, phone 201W.
HoqulaIa CaFpsnters-Meets ey-
cry Wednesday evening at 8 p. m.
Eleetrical Workers-Meets at A.
Q. U. W. hall, Market and F sts..
second and fourth Wednesdays Of
each month. E. C. Fisher, presi-
dent; N. A. Lambert, secretary.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08
LOCALS MEETING AT BUILD
ING TRADES COUNCIL HALL
Market and D Streets

Bricklayers-Third Wednesday Of
each month. Secretary A. M. Hall.
Lathers--Monday evenings at 8
p. m. President Ralph Boyd, phone
2240-W.
Painters--Every Monday even
ing at 3 .. M, E. MacLafferty. sec-
rotary, phone 1881.
Pile Drivers-First and third
Friday Of each month.
PIasterers-Second Thursday of
each month.
Piumbers-Every Thursday at
8 p. m. &C. Ferguson, secretary,
Hold Carriers ana Tenders
Meets every other week. Albert
Fauber, secretary.
Grays Harbor Building Trade,
CounciI--Meets every Tuesday D.
m. at $50. President, E. G. Fisher:
secretary, Ed MacLafferty, phone
1881.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08
Observation-Disclosures
LOCALS

Rakery and Confectionery--Meet
in the AOuW hall every firstThurs-
day in month"; President, Rudy
Strum. Secretary, N. G. Nielsen.
phone 1568---. Hoquiam.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

Central Labor Council--Meets
every Friday evening, 8 p. M, in
Veterans of Foreign Wars hall,
Electric Building. President, w. L.
Brackinreed,. phone 154O-J, secre-
tary Adria Johnson, phone -S
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

Laundry WOrkers-Meets at A..
Q. Y, ". Hall, Market and F sts.,
second and fourth Tuesdays of each
month. Secretary, Leah Christian
sen 80 e.s
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08

BARRIERS Union--Meets in Veter-
an Of Foreign Wars Hall, Electric
building, fourth Monday Of every
month. President Duncan ellis,
phone 1921.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1927-04-08
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY OF LABORS FRIENDS IN AND HOOAl

" Logging Co. Inc. earnishee de-
PENDANT.
Complaint filed February IS,
1927.
E. y. Davis, Justice Of the Peace.
Date Of first publication, March
1e. 1927; date Of last publication.
April 8. 1927.