davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04

ing what it set out to do. The farm
er's problem can be solved in the
same way that labor solved and
is solving its problem. That is by
organization and organized market
ing. The Farmers Union is a class
organization combining it's member
ship to farmers only. It's ultimate
aim is price fixing through collective
bargaining. To that end the Farm
ers Union has set up marketing ma
chinery through which it's members
expect to control ultimately suffic-
lent volume of livestock, grain and
produce to bargain on the matter of
price.
"For example, the Farmers Union
has sales agencies on 10 primary
livestock markets, and is handling a
very considerable percentage of live
stock marketed. 1t has grain sales
agencies on four grain markets. 1t
is likewise handling cotton, butter,
eggs and poultry.
cit has entered the insurance and
banking field in order to provide
credit needs both to its members ard
its c~ooperatives. The Farmers Union,
therefore, has a complete programs of
cooperative marketing and also coop
erative buying. These agencies
bring its members large savings and
benefits.
"But the Farmers Union is not
content to stop with such benefits
It is pushing on with the organiza.
ton toward its ultimate goal, which
is collective bargaining by group or
g~anization.'
"Already having organized in Il
different states-North and Soutl
Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, ulin
ois, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri AM
Texas-it is pushing forward to Nor
tana and other states. Having q
the present time over a million mem
bers, this organization is known a
the zone big union" a clas~s-consciOu
body consisting of dirt-farmers only
and will in a short time revolutiOniz
the farming industry" l..
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04

phases of Mrs. Martins long and USE
full life was the devotion shown to her
by one of her daughters, Miss Maude
Martin, deputy postmaster here. For
many years Miss Martin, by her ten
der, unremitting care and affection,
had brought light and Joy into her
mothers life and eased the burdens Of
advancing age-a devotion that was
transformations and sincere and that
was known only to intimate friends
Of the family. Especially in her last
illness did Mrs. Martin gain comfort
and the courage to endure her suffer-
ings bravely from the love, cheerful
ness and aid so spontaneously given
by her daughter, a devotion that is
described by one of Mrs. Martins
friends as "the most beautiful thing
I ever saw"
Besides this daughter, Mrs. Martin
is survived by five other children
three daughters, Mrs. Thomas Lewis
of Berkeley, Calf; Mrs. D. w. Pitts
of Tampa, Fla, and Mrs. S. A. Mills
of Tulsa, Okla, and two sons
Martin of Seattle and Louis Martin
of Ketchikan, Alaska. Ten qr3nd-
children and n great-grandch;ld al
so survive her.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04
ORGANIZED Marketing ONLY SOLUTION
FOR PROBLEMS OF AMERICAN FARMER
Farmers Must Become "Class Conscious" and Follow Exam
of Labor If They Would Better
Their Condition *

Courier for publication he says:
"To the farmers of the Gallatin val
ley:
"From one who knows, being a dirt
farmer for sixty years, I will relate
the conditions and the remedies, which
are as follows:
"The condition of the farmers may
be briefly stated: The farmers buy
supplies on the basis of a fixed price.
The manufacturer or merchant prices
goods on the basis of cost of pro-
duction, handling and profit. All
business is operated on that prin-
ciple. The farmer sells the commodi-
ties which he produces at a fixed
price also, but the farmer does not
fix that price. The price which the
farmer is paid for his product is de-
termined by a number of elementary
things, among which are: First, sup
ply Of commodities with reference 10
the demand; second, speculation;
third, cost of transportation from
supply to demand, and fourth, cost
of handling.
"The individual farmer does not
control or regulate, and cannot con-
troll or regulate any of these elements.
Therefore, the individual farmer can.
not fix a price, and the price which
the farmer does receive bears no ref
erence, or at least a very remote one,
to the cost of production of commod-
tiles grown on the farm.
Possessing no power individually
to fix a price on his products, the in
dividual farmer, taken in terms of
the average, is carrying on his indus
try at a loss. In other words, the
average farmer is forced to sell be-
low the cost Of production. He has
to throw in his labor, his capital or
his depreciation on machinery, build
ings, improvements, etc. Farm &C
counting in terms of the average
farmer shows that the income from
the average farm does not equal the
expense of operating the farm. If
there be charged against the farm
interest on capital, depreciation on
improvements and machinery, and
wages to the farmer, without the
ability to fix a price with reference
to the cost of production, the farming
business cannot be made to pay.
cit needs no argument to prove thai
the individual farmer acting alon9
cannot fix prices. Price fixing car
come only by organization and or
ganized marketing.
Labor organized to fix wages By
means of collective bargaining. Labor
! succeeded through trade unions in do
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04
LumbagO Pain!
Rub BaCkaChe Away
instant Relief with q small
trial bottle of old
"St. Jacobs OIL"

Kidneys cause Backachel Mol
They have no nerves, therefore can
no: cause pain. Listenl Your back
acne is caused by lumbago, sciatica
or a strain, and the quickest relief is
soothing, penetrating "St. Jacobs Oil"
Rub it right on your painful back,
and instantly the soreness, stiffness
and lameness disappears. Don't stay
crippled Get a small trial bottle of
@St. Jacobs Oil" from your druggist
and timber up. A moment after it is
applied you'll wonder what became Of
the backache or lumbago pain.
Rub old, honest "St. Jacobs Oil"
whenever you have sciatica, neuralgia,
rheumatism or sprains, as it is abso-
kutely harmless and doesn't burn the
skin.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04
L ADVERTISING

Correspondence schools which mis-
lead the public through false and
fraudulent advertising and publishers
who print such advertising are to be
proceeded against by the federal trade
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04
A SUMMONS
MRS. J. P. MARTIN

CONTINUED from Page Nine)
and admiring friends among her
neighbors and the townspeople, to
whom her death brought sincere sor-
row and regret.
Daughters Devotion
Perhaps one of the most beautiful
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04

"Say, Willie, how many sisters have
yOu2"
"Three, but Hazel picked you, so
don't waste any Tina on the twins"
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04

POTATO growers nationally are
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-02-04

Continued from Page Nine)
nand for u surplus Of these pro-
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

10u might mediate on that fact
moment " sO-Of So people de.
priVed Of liberty and property from
four 20 twenty years at Et. Eliza
beth's, only IL were found TO be
lunatics when &c came to q show.
down before Jtry-12 out OF 81.
What hulAbaloo st. Elizabeth's
has saved by being In. the District
of Columbia instead Of Mexico.
Juries Study Suspects
OF the remaining cases, II were
declared Of sound mind by the
Juries that heard them. And those
juries were composed Of ordinary
'denizens Of the District with quite
az much to lose by letting lunatics
loose as anyone, else: they had a
chance to watch the suspect on
the stand. six feet away from them;
to hear him questioned and cross
al Jtioned, and his replies thereto,
for an hour or more on q stretch,
which IL bad for the nerves Of the
examinee. and likely to show up 4
weak streak In almost anyone not
used to such ordeals.
And some Of those boys hadn't
seen a free day since 1917. and
were not in the best condition for
q game of verbal tennis with
keen-Witted lawyer who was out
to win.
hopping floors and feeding pigs
isn't the best preparation for that
kind Of game, but such as that
preparation wss, they had plenty
Of It..
The lawyer spreads out all the
condemnatory evidence before the
jury like an. old.tine pedlar open
ing a giittering pack Of lacess beads,
and glass mounted combs In a
young ladies' seminary. There
wasn't q thing missing that would
go against the defendant. But
things in his favor-they were in
a different pack. And Il hasn't
been opened yet.
Here's d sampie Of what we
mean. The petitioners doctor,
Charles w. Allen, Is testifying.
Records Refused.
= 81 examined the petitioner on two
Observation-Disclosures / and Sep
TENDER 16-I spent an hour on each
examination"
"All you knew about him, then,
was his condition at the times you
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
The january
Dress Sale at

Certainly you'll not overlook it
with it's lovely fashions and
fabrics its values that double and
even triple the sale price!
Hundreds Of delightful models
for both misses and women
dresses not only for every daytime
event, formal or informal, in the
New Year but plenty for evening
occasions, too that call for sleeve
less chiffons, velvets, taffetas,.
metal laces, gorgeous brocades and
beaded georgettes. You couldn't
buy the materials in most cases for
SIP See our window displays 18th
Street.
Misses sizes, Ia to 20; women's
regular and extra sizes, 36 to 5411a
but not all styles in every size, Of
course. r
Second Floor LAnsburEh's-sth
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

examined him-you didn't have his
hospital record and charts for the
last three or four years?"
No. Ths hospital wouldn't let
me-"
Just answer my question, please.
You couldn't make as thorough an
examina ton as you could if you
had sene his charts?''
mo. OF course not. did the
best ] could. not having the charts
to 80 by"
mo doubt, But your best was
an Incomplete examination?"
"Yes-they wouldn't let me )
You've answered tho question
that's enough: Your testimoney Is
based on an incomplete examination,
then?"
"No--my examination was com.
plcte."
but you didn't have the necea.
sary charts?"
$50 your testimony is based on
incomplete facts?"
Well. yes II you put It that
way"
That's the way put Il. Your
testimony is based on incomplete
facts. All right, doctor. that's
enough"
But the hospital authorities
wouldn't let me"
Next witness"
Patients Side Withheld
We've recorded some half-dozen
cases Of that sort--when the "a.
tents private doctor goes out 10
st. -Elizabeth's to gather evidence
which viii put the patients side Of
the controversy before the jury.
he IL refused access to the con.
siderable volume Of information con.
tanned In the patients records.
Then, when he goes on the
stand, he is forced to admit that
his information Is incomplete. Thar
DOESN'T help the patient any. Nor
does It always help the Govern
ment. And 1t never helps the Dis.
trict taxpayers. It produces I'm
necessary litigation.
In one case, for instance rr
Allen testified that, as Ear as he
could determine from his two ex
sane.
Did you look at his hospital
records-charts etc. %
MOI couldn't get at them"
Gould you have made a better
diagnosis If you had seen the
!. Can't Can |. say-dont know what was
did you know he had attemnted
% commit suicide several months
THAT Is questionable. His wife
SAID she did not believe it, and the
petitioner denies it,
Did you know he had been nd.
Judged OF unsound mind following
the attempted suicide?''
Was Adjudged Insane
! I knew he was adiudged insane.
yes. But many q zane man has
been found crazy, and many ! crazv
man has been found sane. know
thae to be fact. would mot he
biased by the verdict Of irsanity I
DO not believe he has ever been
insane. and ] do not believe. he IL
Insane now.
There II no reason why a doctor
examining patient az ST. EIza.
neth,s should not be shown 4 -.
usnts chart. But they won't let
Inc petitioner was declared 70 Be
OF sound mind by the Jury, ana was
released. A month later he wa.
brought into Gallinger, raving crazv
we saw him and talked with him.
aIter he had quieted down. Thev
calied his trouble lnanic.debres.
sion psychosis.
AnOtl1er instalEnaent tomorrow0
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
Grieves for Wife,
Dies on Her Grave

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 3.-Seyen
lonely years ago Richard Camercn's
VIE died. Another long year with.
out ner seemed too much to add "a
nis q. 80. after kneelingsa white IA
the old Camden cemetery where she
is buried. he shot himself and zen
across her grave.
Cameron lived with his son in
Woodlynne, N. J.. but he never
stopped grieving, as only the aged
can grieve, for the wife who died
In 1919.
Augustus Jordon, the caretaker.
found him. The body that had been
aged and, tired was as cold as the
revolver close by.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

Made of Lawrence bIankets-and.
well made, too-this: price is really
absurdly low! Attractively colored
stripes and conventional designs.
Long collar, pockets and cord
girdle.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
Indianapolis to Get
Auto Fuel Oil Race

MIAMI BEACH, Fla, Jan. 5.--The
first race I'D the world between, auto
mobiles using fuel oil for motive
power win be run al the Indianapolis
Speedway next September, accord.
ing to an announcement here today
BY Carl q. Fisher and James A, Al
lison, principal owrerssof the famous
track, who are spending the winter
here.
The ofl.burning motors VIII COM
pete for SIS, 900 IN prizes Ii 24.hour
event. the object Of which, accord.
ing TO the announcement, Is TO fur.
Their development Of the oil-burning
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
Goliath Of Oysters Is
Found In Eastern Nd.

EAsroN. Nd, Jan. sGeorge
arnes, Of st. Mlchaels, state oyster
inspector has In HIS possession.
one of the Isrgest. II not the larg.
sc Maryland.
= was caught by Capt. William
41unt, In Niles River, off Long
kgant, near st. Mlchaeis. Il niea,
uFed from one end OF the shell
q the other. liz inches In length:
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
Ellen Terry, so, Recites
Stage Roles in DeIriunI

: LONDON. Jan. ga slight change
for. the better was noted today In
the condition OF Ellen Terry, Ia
nous shakespearean. actress, who
10 critically III OF bronchial pneu-
snonia.
The actress. who Is nearing her
elghtleth birthday, Is delirious much
OF the time. during which she re,
peats dialogues from the roles which
brought her fame.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
CalexicO and Mexicali
Get New Earth Shocks

CALExICo. Calf. Jan. 1.-TWO
new severe earthquake shocks rocked
Calexico and MexicaH between s
and 8 a. M, today shaking down
scores Of already battered walls.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

and was { inches in width and
weighed two pounds and fourteen
ounces. The oyster when shucked
weighed one pound.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

motor d America. This type Of
motor was invented in Germany and
thus far has found It's greatest prog.
ress in that country.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
By DONALD McDoUGAL

The s1yeght habeas corpus lunaey cases in the local
courts during the first ten months Of 1925 represented sixty
two persons because half dozen Of them tried twice
with reduction in price for quantity purchase And
those sxtywO American citizens who locked up and
deprived of their property and freedom for anywhere from
four to twenty years. only five were found 70 be insane BY
set them down crazy tootweve crazy Of the
sixty-two.
The Washington times., 1927-01-03

Use Times and Herald Classified Ads
Tor employment difficulties. advertise
your wanta through the Situation Want
Classified Ads
The Washington times., 1927-01-03
II Found Insane, Of 81
Lunacy Cases Here

Ths Che thirteenth Of series of arts conditions
ING ndv proceedings and policies IN Washington Tks series
the greeks ivssatiOn 81 member Of The Times
at0ff
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
Protest Deportation
OF Enea Sarmenti at
Webster Hall Meeting

A united front meeting will be held
tomorrow afternoon, two p. m. at
Webster Hall, list, near Third Ave-,
to rally working class sentiment
against the deportation Of political
refugees.
Enea Sormenti, editor of II Lavar-
atore is scheduled for deportation at
the present time. Thousands of other
workers are in danger. Their only
crime is that they are fighting the
tyrannical rule of Mussolini who has
burnt down working mems clubs,
trade union offices and cooperative
societies, and also brutally murdered
all who showed the slightest working
class sympathies.
The A. +. or l.. Conventions have
denounced Mussolini and Fascism in
no uncertain fashion. The mass
meeting tomorrow will crystalline
the protest Of the workers of New
York. Prominent speakers, repre-
sentatives Of all shades of opinion
will attend.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
Claim U. S. Copper
Companies Backing
Chilean Dictator

SANTIAGO, Chill, Feb. 25.-The
Anaconda and Guggenheim copper
interests are rumOred to be the
chief financial support Of the
Ibanez dictatorship here which con-
ducts wholesale arrests and de-
pOrtations of the opposition.
Manuel Vicuna, head of the late
cabinet, has been ordered depOrted
but has obtained a supreme court
decision suspending the order. Ra-
fael Gumucio, director of the con-
sentative newspaper DiariO Illus
trade, has been arrested.
Three Communist papers have
been suppressed and large num-
Der of persons, mostly Communist
deputies and labor union officials,
have been added to the 100 or more
already arrested and ordered de-
ported.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
Panic FOreseen
In Building
Profit Orgy
By wALLPRoL.

A "panic of frightful proportions"
will engulf the nation if the present
crgy of building speculation is not
halted
This warning was given yesterday
by Attorney General Albert Ottinger
in a statement issued at Albany.
With billions of dollars of sur
plus values pressing on the money
market for investment, building fl
nance comgaries have engaged in fl
nancial jugglery on a colossal scale
IN the past four years. 5. w. Straus,
perhaps the leading building bond
salesman of America, pleaded re-
Gently for an entire cessation for six
months of further building. financing.
The stimulation of building activity
far beyond the needs of the country
has already resulted in the overbuild-
ing of business and factory structures
and will lead to a general paralysis
of the building industry, Straus
warned.
Two million building trades work.
ers, more than half Of whom are or
ganized, will be seriously affected in
the event of the collapse Of this stimu-
Continued on Page Three
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
Vice President Of
A.F.L. Fights
Pensions
Unites With Bosses Against
Measure Unions Endorse

WASHINGTON-CFP-Has Mat.
thew Vol, a vice-president of the
American Federation of Labor which
has repeatedly endorsed old age pen
sions for the veterans of industry. a
right to act as president of an or
ganizatiOn that is trying to kill all
pending old age pension measures?
That is the issue raised by Jas. M.
Maurer, veteran president Of the
Pennsylvania Federation of Labor
and chairman of the Pennsylvania
Commission on Old Age Pensions. He
has written Woll letter, pointing
out that Vol is acting president of
the National Civic Federation. and
that Ralph NJ. Easley, chairman Of
its executive council, which contains
a number Of the worst anti-labor en-
ployers in the United States, is now
trying to cheat aged workers of ola
age pensions favored by organized
labor. Maurer says to Woll that it
IS hardly consistent for Woll to be
in both camps.
Violating A. F. L. Ruling.
''The A. F. of L. at a number of
conventions" writes Maurer, "unani-
mously adopted resolutions demand
ing the establishment of old age pen-
sion laws throughout the states.
'In view of the above I am puzzled
TO understand letter, addressed ap-
parently to all governors and legis-
lators by the Natl Civic Federation
CT which you are the acting presi-
dent and signed by Ralph VI. Easley,
chairman of the executive council.
In substance, it practically asks the
governors and legislators to do MOTH
ing on old age pensions until study
now being undertaken by the Civic
Federation is completed and modestly
suggests that only this study will
reveal the truth about the problem.
VOLTS Letter Lies.
"It also untruthfully asserts that
there are no reliable statistics at
present except those pertaining to
the population of Massachusetts,.
Maurer goes on to say that "a
perusal of the men connected With
Continued on Page Three
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
AL HARBORS Girl
Who FLED HOME
OF LOCAL JUDGE

ALBANY, N. Y, Feb. 25.-Kasia
Mahoney, 15-year-old daughter of
Supreme Court Justice jeremiah T,
Mahoney of New York City, who was
found in Cohoes, N. Y, today after
being mysteriously missing from her
home since Monday, was brought to
the executive mansion this afternoon
Governor Smith is a close personal
friend of Judge Mahoney.
Kasia spent last night at police
headquarters in Cohoes. She asked
for lodging after her money had given
out. At first she denied her identity,
claiming she was "Margery Kindall,"
but later she admitted she was the
missing daughter of Judge and Mrs.
Mahoney.
When she arrived at police head
quarters she carried small handbag
containing an extra pair of stockings,
two bracelets and package of cigar
cites.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-26
BUY THE DAILY WORKER
AT THE NEW STANDS
Diaz S ellis Out
The Army, Finance
and Sovereign ty

WASHINGTON. Feb. Is. =. An
outline of the treaty of alliance be-
tween the United States. and Mica
ragua, amounting virtually 10 an
American protectorate over the coun-
try, which Preeiden. Diaz has pro-
posed TO the state department was
made public here today In the form
Of an appeal frow j1ias FOR American
public support.
Diaz proposes 20 give the United
States a permanent right Of inter-
vention" if the treaty is contaminated,
permit American control Of Nicara-
guam government finance, and Amer
lean direction Of Nicaraguan con-
stabulary, to be set up after the dis
solution Of the present armies.
Though the request for treaty
now comes apparently from Diaz, Wall
Streets puppet president Of Nicara-
qua, the first reports emenating from
Washington were that the state de-
partment had demanded that. Diaz
consent to a protectorate over Mica
ragua.