davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21
SEES COLLEGE BOYS
FAITHFUL WORKERS
Farm Labor Bureau Official
Credits With Efficiency in
Harvest Fields.
BY the Associated Press.

FORT WORTH, Tex, July 18.-
The college boy. contrary to belief in
some circles, is a hard worker when
turned loose in a cutover wheat field
with a pitchfork and a bundle wagon
as inspiration. c. w. Woodman. as
sistant director of the United States
Farm Labor Bureau here, believes.
Woodman draws his opinion from
the contact he has annually with
some 2.40O college men who appear at
his office in the Spring seeking en-
pIoyment in harvest fields.
Most of the boys are athletes who
want to work in the harvest fields to
harden their muscles" Woodman
said. "They throw themselves into
harvest work with the same enthusi'
asm they play their games, and are
popular with farmers and thresher
bosses as a result. AS rule, they do
not burn out as quickly as the sup
posedly hardened men,"
This year, however, college men
were warned away from Texas be-
cause of the general labor depression
existing in the Southwestern wheat
fields, due to inclement weather,
late and uncertain season, the influx
of refugees from the Mississippi River
region and the growing use Of the
combine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21
PARIS.AMERICA PLANE
FITTED WITH COMPASS
Levine and Aviator Drouhin Visit
Airdrome to Plan for
Flight.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, July 21.--Maurice Drouhin.
the French aviator who is to pilot the
transatlantic plane Columbia back to
America, and Charles A. Levine, his
American hacker. visited LIE Bourget
Tuesday to install a French aerial
compass and adjust the indicator.
They did not fly the plane.
Mr.. Levine refused to comment on
the terms Of his contract with Drou-
hin. L'Intransigeant says the contract
provides that Drouhin receive, for
the period of one year half the profits
of the expedition after expenses have
been paid, but in no case is he to re-
ceive less than one-third Of the profits
Meanwhile. Mr.. Levine is said to
have deposited 100000 francs which
would go to Drouhin's wife in the
event of the aviator's death. 1t is also
stated that 100000 francs have been
posted as a forfeit which Drouhin
would receive in case Of his replace
ment by another pilot. Mr.. Levine also
has insured the pilots life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21

the Ontario government Air Service,
and Capt. Terry Tully, chief pilot of
the northern Ontario government
forest fire patrol, have been chosen
as the two aviators to attempt a non
stop flight from London, Ontario, to
London. England, distance of ap-
proximately 5000 miles. Charles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21

Burns Of this city has donated a prize
OF $25. 900 for the venture. which will
be undertaken within four weeks.
Maxwell is a native Of Toronto, On.
tario, while Tully halls from Cara.
castle, County Mayo. Ireland. They
will make the attempt In a Stinson.
Wright monoplane.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21

yesterday by the Court Of Appeals.
The court denied the claim Of Felix
Youssoupoff, a Russian ana former
owner Of the paintings. that he had
been defrauded in their sale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21

The Leige-Antwerp canal is to be
changed in order to give better out
let from the industrial interior of
Belgium to the sea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21
Local Radio Entertainment
Thursday, July FL, 1927

MISREPRESENTATION Navy Yard (434.5
Meters).
1915 a.m.-Weather Bureau reports.
S:4S p.m.-Weather Bureau reports.
$50 p.m.-Arlington time signals.
1905 p.m.-Weather Bureau reports.
WRHF-Washington Radio Hospital
Fund (Sls Meters).
IL to IL noon-Current events and
police reports; music.
WMAL-W Washington Radio Forum
tS0S.8 Meters).
$50 to p.m.-News flashes.
to 7:l5 p.m.-Tenor banjo duets,
by Sophocles T. Papas and Raymond
Donohue.
7:15 to 7:s0 pm.-"Science News Of
the Week." by Science Service.
7:30 to 7:45 PRIMARY Langley, So
prano, accompanied by Marvin Jester.
7:45 to 10 p.m.-Testimonial dinner
ut Mayfiower In honor Of Lieut. Lester
j. Maitland and Lieut.. Albert F. Heg.
enberger in recognition Of the first
nonstop flight from the mainland Of
the United States to the Hawaiian
Islands. Gen. Charles p. Summerall,
chief OF staff OF the Army, will pre-.
side.
10 to 1880 p.m.-Musical program
by the Columbia Hawaiian Guitar and
Ukulele Club, directed by Sophocles
2. Papas. Assisting artists will be
Ella Hennfg, in ukuleIe solos, and
Sophocles T. Papas, in mandolin solos.
1890 p.m.-Latest news flashes.
WRC-Radio Corporation OF America
(l68.S Metersl.
4 Observation-Disclosures Louis base
ball game, broadcast by Thornton
Fisher from The Star studios.
6 pm. Bill Whipple of Sweet
Meadows, from WIZ.
CHS p.m.-Kftt Hour Of Music, with
Bel Canto Trio.
pm.-"The Sorcerer," by the Ma
tional Light Opera Co., from WEAF.
8 p.m.-Correct time, from WEAF.
p.m.-CHcquot Club Eskimos, from
.WEAF.
pm. Description Of Dempsey.
Sharkey bout from the Yankee Sta.
dunn in New York, from WEAF.
10 to II pm.--Ls Paradis Band.
Early Program Tomorrow.
6:45 am.-Tower health exercises,
from WEAF.
Ills am. =" Tho Roaring Lyons"
from WEAF.
1880 to 7:45 a.m.-"cheerio." from
mEAF.
11:55 a.m.-Arlington time signals.
IL fnoon)-Organ recital.
/ to Q p.m.-Mayfiower Orchestra.
8 pm. Sorey's Orchestra, from
WEAF.
GAS p.m.-"Swimming and Life Saw.
ing" by Capt. Charles B. Scully.
from WEAF.
Four of every FIVE school children
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21
; Minutes Ends
the Worst Corn

Three minutes ends the toughest,
most painful corn or callous when
you use Shur.off. This amazing
new remedy stops all pain the in.
slant it is applied; positively will
not irritate or affect healthy skin,
but so quickly softens the corn or
calIous that in few minutes you
can easily take it out-root and all.
| Why use old-time preparations
which so often irritate and require
several days treatment? Get Shur-
off at Peoples Drug Stores (all over
town. or Of any other good drug
gist, follow the simple directions
and enjoy real foot comfort at
Observation-Disclosures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21

Four of every five school children
Of Wood Green, q London suburb. re.
quire some dental attention according
o to recent examination. z...sl..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-21
NAMED FOR FLIGHT.

Two Canadians to Try Nonstop
Journey to London.
LONDON, Ontario. July 81 o.
Cant. w. Roy Maxwell, director OF
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07
From the Monarchists to the Anarchists

traces of yellow "sensationalism",
the scope of articles and notes writ
ten by workers from the bench and
peasants from the farm (the worker
and peasant correspondence
The total number of worker and
peasant correspondents in the Union
of Socialist Soviet Republics is, ac-
cording to approximate estimates,
over $4,000. The Newspaper circu-
latiOn has reached by the end of 1925,
100000 (befOre the war the news
paper circulation in Russia was not
over 2,500,000).. The largest circula-
ton falls to the "Krestianskaya Ga
zetta" (peasant newspaper) which is
about one million. The second larg-
est is the "Pravda" with a circulation
of about 100000, and the third is
the "Izvestia," with a circulation of
about 100000.
The imprint of the same matter-of-
factness lies also on the Soviet
books published by the state, Party
and cooperative publishing houses.
Text books, popular science, popular
and political books in general have
a tremendous circulation. A colOs-
sal growth of publications is to be
noted as compared with the pre-
revolutionary period. Comrade Luna
charsky pointed out in his report at
the Sixth All-Union Congress of Edu-
cational Workers that circulation of
scientific publications according to
the figures of the Gosizdat has in
creased two and a half times as COM
pared with 1913. The output of Ia
largest publishing houses of the
Union of Socialist Soviet Republics
(there are over 1000 publishing
houses in the Union of Socialist
Soviet Republics, but most of them
are insignificant) expressed itself in
the first half of 1926 by 2,730 book
titles and 238 million printed sheets.
The Gozisdat is one of the most re-
markable publishing houses of the
Soviet government. The Gozisdat has
8 powerful biographies, a paper
factory, a music printing works, an
extensive network of book-shops, and
so forth and so on. The Gozisdat
and the stock companies affiliated
to it employed about $4,000 workers
and employees.
The Gosizdat is a true producer of
Soviet books, the like of which is not
to be found throughout the world.
This is true as to it's activity and of
the theological value of the books
published.
Children of the Common People"
The October revolution wrought
enormous changes in all phases of
educational work, including of course
the most important phase, namely,
the school.
The idea of the vocational school
has become the central axis of popu-
lar education of the USSR.
Under Czarism the children of the
"lower" classes had no access to the
schools of the propertied classes,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07

lation of 83,000,0U0, /. e., one student
to every ten inhabitants.
Commensurate with the increasing
number of students the number of
teachers has also increased, and is
now one and half times as great as
before the war. The educational bud
get has also increased. Before the
war the expenses for education
amounted to 8 roubles SO copecks per
capita. The average annual revenue
per student was 81 roubles, 70 CO.
pecks, or in present currency SO rou-
bles, 40 copecks. The expenditures on
education in the Russian Socialist
Federated Soviet Republics (not in
Guiding the autonomous republics)
were in 1925-26, 315,000,000 roubles
allowed by the government and local
budgets. This does not include the
funds allowed by the trade unions,
public organizations, ETC., for educa-
tional purposes. The average expen-
diture per capita was roubles, II
copecks, and per pupil As roubles, 80
copecks a year. The expenditures On
education in 1925-26 were 6.S per cent
above the pre-war level.
This is how education increases in
the Union of Socialist Soviet Repub-
lies from year to year. This is how
the network of schools for the chill
dren of the common people" who were
not admitted under czarism to the
decent" educational institutions is
becoming the main school system.
The proletariat "invades" not only
the elementary, but also the high
schools, and not only the high schools,
but also the universities
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07
BUILDING WORKERS HOMES

courses are about to become the ele-
mentary schools instead of the exist
ing four year courses.
The workers now permeate the
high schools and correspondingly the
composition of the high school stu
dents is changing. About half of the
high school students are now workers
and peasants children.
The other half of the high school
students are children of office work.
ers, artisans, small business men, etc.
This fact alone-the gradual, chang
ing of the correlations of social
groups of the school-shows the pro-
found changes made in the high
schools by the revolution and that
practically every stone has been
moved from it's place. Let US be more
exact; the buildings remain intact and
unchanged if we leave out of con-
sideration the damage effected by the
civil war and the destructive action
of the time. The only heritage we
have from the old school which did
not require any profound theological
and archaeological destruction are
the school buildings.
If we compare the army" of stu
dents of the present time with that
of before the revolution we will see
an enormous increase.
The number of students in the old
empire was 100000 out of a popu-
lation of 140,0O0,OOO, i. e., one stu
dent out of every II inhabitants. In
1925-26 there were in the Russian So
cialist Federated Soviet Republics
(not including the autonomous repub-
lics) 100000 students to a popu-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07
Con the Freedom of the Press.)

CON the Freedom OF the PreSS.)
The October revolution trans
formed the proletarian press which
was still prosecuted onfthe very eve
of the revolution and driven entirely
underground into a government press.
The working class received for the
first time in the history Of the human
race the opportunity to utilise ex-
tensively the technical means of the
press for the illumination of its own
needs and tasks, for the organization
of its ranks, for the realization of it's
theological hegemony.
To the demand that freedom of
press be granted to all parties "from
the monarchists to the anarchists"
Lenin replied:
"The freedom of press throughout
the world wherever capitalism pre-
dominates is the freedom to buy pap
ers, to buy writer's, to buy and manu-
facture public opinion in favor of the
bourgeoisie. This is a fact. No one
can ever deny this. But can anyone
deny that there the bourgeoisie is
smashed, but not destroyed? Is it
not fact that the bourgeoisie is in
secret hiding? This cannot be denied.
The freedom of press in the RSFSR
surrounded by bourgeois foes thru
out the world is tantamount to free
dom Of political organization of the
bourgeoisie and its loyal servants,
the Mensheviks and SR's." Vol.
XVIII, Part I, p. 1897
Depriving the bourgeoisie and it's
servants from the opportunity to or
ganize openly, the working class Gre
ated its own press, permeated with
sound proletarian truth and it Gre
ated it not only with the hands of
professional journalists, but with the
participation of the tOiling masses,
the mass collaboration Of the rank
and file workers and peasants. One
of the most interesting mass move
ments has appeared during the last
few years in connection with the
press, namely the worker and rural
correspondent movement.
The Soviet and Party press diff
ferentiates itself not along Party
tendencies, but on the basis of the
cultural niveau and special interests
of the leaders. Instead of the usual
classification of newspapers in the
capitalist countries into bourgeoism,
petty-bourgeois and proletarian, pap
ers (if they appear openly, we have
in the USSR the following papers:
leading central papers, leading dis
trict or provincial papers, newspapers
for the working masses, newspapers
for the peasants, national, trade
union, cooperative, economics, mill
tary, Young Communist, Pioneer,
literary, sport, evening, and wall
newspapers, etc., etc.
The Soviet press surprises every
one who happens to get acquainted
with its depth and business-like ar
rangement, the simplicity of style,
seriousness of tone, absence of any
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07

MOT all of these years were favora-
~ bic for normal activity. on the cul-
tural front-by far, not all. Civil
war. Intervention, blockades, famine
and cold arrested the attention of the
toiling masses Of the Union of So
cialist Soviet Republics at the begin
mig almost entirely to the military
and provision fronts and later to the
economic front.
Nevertheless even under such I'M
favorable conditions the cultural
work never stopped for q moment in
the Soviet Republics. The country
was culturally developing in the trail
of the revolution. The political en-
lightenment of the masses has devel-
oped during these ten years to a mar
velous extent, rousing tremendous en-
thusiasm of the classes oppressed I'M
der the car and organizing them I'M
der the leadership Of the Communist
Party against the forces of the old
world against the nobility and the
bourgeoisie.
With all this it may be said that
during the first few years following
the October Revolution, not so many
new values have been created on the
cultural front as were renovated and
cleared of their rust the remnants of
the old bourgeois culture and the
ground cleared for a new culture.
Therefore the results of the first ten
years of the October Revolution in the
domain of culture must be regarded
as an achievement of a period less
than ten years, an achievement of
comparatively only a few years, the
years of peaceful creative work.
Democracy and Culture.
Bourgeois democracy proclaims for
NAL equality of all citizens. But in
reality there is a colossal distance
from formal to real equality. AS
long as private property, land and
other means of production exist,
particularly of the large mills and
factories, as long as the dictatorship
of the bourgeoisie exists, the proper
tied classes will always find a ma
chine for the exploitation and OPP
preston of the great majority of
,toilers" (from the program of the
Communist Party of the Soviet
Union).
No republic in the world, even the
most democratic" republic, no mat
ter how far it may go in meeting the
demands for ''full equality of all citi-
zens before the law and at the polls"
the toilers cannot free themselves
from this machine for their exploita-
ton" The working class can free it
self from it only through proletarian
democracy which, with the abolition
of economic exploitation of the toll
ing masses, is capable Of converting
the organizations of the classes op-
pressed by capitalism into basis Of
the machinery of proletarian govern
ment. By having done this, Soviet
democracy really realizes self-govern-
ment and develops the self-activity of
the masses in contra-distinction to
bourgeois democracy which in real
ity conceals the dictatorship of the
bourgeoisie.
If there is no full equality in the
Union of Socialist Soviet Republics,
the roots of such inequality must be
sought in contra-distinction to the in
equality under capitalism, not in the
of the toilers by a hand
full of capitalists but in the heritage
from the past on the one hand and in
the different levels of culture organ
ization and self-activity among the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07
Ten Years of Cultural Work in the U. S. S. R.

different sections of the toilers on the
other.
One of the greatest obstacles in the
realization of absolute democracy I'M
der the conditions of prOletarian die
tatorship is undoubtedly the presence
of the so-called cultural scissors" i.
e., the sharp cultural differences be-
tween the towns and villages, between
the men and women, etc.
"No one will deny" said Lenih,
that for real and not paper demo
cracy, for the drawing in of the work
ers and peasants to political life we
have done as much as the best demo-
cratic republics did or could do in the
course of centuries. This has assumed
its significance and as a result the
Soviets have become the watchword
of the proletariat of all countries. Blu,
this does not in the least remove us
from the fact that we have TO cOnteri
with insufficient cultural development
of masses" (Our emphasis, Vol.
VIII, p. 1889, Russian edition.)
The Struggle For Cultural Hegemony.
The proletamat creates conditions
for unprecedentedly rapid cultural de-
velopment as the experience of the
Russian Revolution has shown only
after it had attained its October VIC
tory. The October Revolution must
be the fOrerunner of the cultural revo-
luton and not vice versa.
In his article "On Cooperation"
Lenin wrote:
"Our opponents told us many time
that we are undertaking an impossi-
BILE task, the task of implanting So
cialism in an insufficiently developed
cultural country, but they were mis-
taken in their idea that we started
not from the right end as this was
supposed by theory (of the different
pedants) and the political and social
revolution proved to be the forerun-
ner of that cultural upheaval, that
cultural revolution which we are now
nevertheless confronted with" Vol
ume XVIII, part II, page 146, Rus
sian edition.l
There can be no doubt that the
proletariat received as heritage
from the old regime country back
ward both in an economic and cultural
respect. But it is not absolutely nee
essary that a high cultural level
should create the Prerequisites for the
capture of power by the proletariat.
The experience of the last ten years
has shown that the victorious Octo-
Der, i. e., the political and social revo-
luton, the passing over of power to
the working class proved to be the
forerunner of the now developing cul-
tural revolution. In an article dedi-
Gated to an exposition Of the oppor-
tunism of the "Left" Menshevik Suk-
hanov, Lenin wrote:
aft certain cultural level is nee
essary for the creation of socialism
(although no one can definitely say
what this certain cultural level must
be) why then can we not start from
the beginning with the conquest by
revolutionary means of the prerequi-
sites necessary for that level and lat
err, on the basis of the workers and
peasants government and the Soviet
order catch up with the other ma
tions?" (Vol. XVIII, part 2, page
119.)
The proletariat fights from the be-
ginning for hegemony in the sphere
of social and political relations, it
fights for the consolidation of its
leadership over the toilers against the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07

hostile forces, it fights for its hege-
mony in the revolution. When it con-
quers power it aims at the preserva-
ton and consolidation of that power
in order to give rise to the necessary
prerequisites for the development of
Soviet democracy; it aims at the Gre
ation-insofar as outside forces do
not interfere-Of hitherto unparal-
lelled development of culsure closely
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-11-07

linked up with the matter of socialist
industrialization of the country. The
prOletariat aims at the conquest of
the hegemony of the bOurgeOisie not
only in the social and political sphere
but also in the cultural sphere. This
necessitates that the proletariat
should master all knowledge accumu-
lated by humanity through the agents
of the past.
Evening star., 1927-05-24
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET

CHICAGO, May "a United States
Department OF Agriculture).-1iog&
Receipts, 80 900 head generally u to Is
lower; weight averages, $50 pounds
Town, active; Others slow, packing sows
fully Is lower; top, 9.G5; tulg, better
grades. $50 10 200 pound averages, $40
a9:G0; 210 to go pounds. 9.20a9.55; few
at inside weight, upward to $50; mod
crate supply Of butchers, 260 to 300
pounds. 8.9Oa920; bulk packing sows,
8.GOa8.25 bulk desirable slaughter
pigs. S.90a9.35. heavy weight hogs,
8.15a9.35; medium. 9.10a9.65; light,
920a9. .65; light light, 9.10a9 50: packing
sows, 7.85a8.50; slaughter pigs, 8.60a
$50.
Cattle-Receipts, 10000 head; fed
steers, strong; spots, 10 to Is higher
than yesterdays low time; killing quail.
ity plain; other killing classes fully
steady; largely steer run with medium
to good grades predOminating; stockers
and feeders scarce at S.50a9.50; best fat
steers. early, 1926; bulk, 9.75a11. 80;
choice baby beef yearling heifers up
to 11.00; most light v2alers to big
packers, 1000a11 90: selected kinds to
outsiders, 12.00a12.50.
$heep-Receipts, 5000 head; fat
lambs, fairly active; steady to strong
with yesterday: early bulk clipped lambs
IA. O0a14.50; choice dry feds held above
500; double good, 97-pound good Colo
RADIOS, 400: fed grassy kinds down.
ward to 1850 and below; choice Colo
rado Spring lambs held above 1915:
few Gull Springers. 13.00a1350: strong
weight Gull clipped lambs. 1050a11 90;
sheep dull and weak; good clipped fat
ewes around 100; few heavy ewes up
to 500; feeding lambs slow: weak to
2Jc lower than yesterdays late trade;
- 20 80 below Friday.
Evening star., 1927-05-24
Mellon Plans New Financing.

Secretary Mellon announced today
that new financing program would
he put through by the Treasury some
time next month.
1t is expected that certificates of
indebtedness will be issued to meet
current expenses and that long-term
obligations will be issued for further
retiring the Second Liberty Loan
issues.
The amount of the proposed financ.
ing was not made public by the Secre-
tarY.