davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

Every debt reduction means a saving
of interest which may be regarded as
an addition to the income. During the
fiscal year just ended the total inter
est payments were S7S7,000, 900. Dur
ing the now current fiscal year they
will, it is estimated, aggregate S72o,'
600 600, or a reduction of S67,000,000.
The net decrease of interest due TO
refunding operations during the past
fiscal year has been $32 100000. The
cumulative effect of successive debt
payments is like the inverse of COM
pound interest. Every dollar pared
off the interest account becomes avail
able for debt payment.
Debt reduction in itself means tax
reduction ultimately. Obviously, the
President and the Secretary of the
Treasury hope 10 effect both imnledi.
ate tax reduction and debt reduction.
The latter will be an investment for
future tax reductions. Under this pol.
icy a maximum of benefit is derived by
the taxpayers, not merely those of
the immediate period, but those of the
future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Overseas TRANSFORMATION.

Following out Sir Alan Cobham's
idea, the French Line has announced
that its new ship, the lie de France,
will catapult seaplanes from it's deck
to carry passengers to seaboard cities
from points off shore. The plan was
tried some time ago by Sir Alan, who
is one of the most famous British
flyers, but owing to motor trouble he
was unable to get his tiny ship into
the air from a point about a hundred
miles from New York. Sir Alan's plan,
however, was solely to speed up the
mails, while the French Line is carry
ing the scheme one step further in
carrying passengers.
There seems to he no obstacle to
the successful landing Of a limited
number of passengers from ocean
liners by means of airplanes. Cata-
putting has already proved efficient,
and the present development of air.
craft makes for high degree of safety.
1t may be that in the next ten years
overseas travellers will have the
choice of three methods of transporta-
tion--straight airplane flying, ocean
liner service and combination of the
two-for shortening the elapsed time
of the trip. 1t will all depend on the
desires of the tourist. Thirty hours
by air, five days by boat and four
days or less by boat and airplane.
Which will you have?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

to the Communist Labor party and
raising defense funds for the /. w. w.
members. The World believes that
such laws as that under which Miss
Whitney was convicted may be con-
stitutional, but they are unwise and
ineXpedient."
That q lesson may we'll be learned
from Miss Whitney's experience is the
opinion of number of papers. Says
the Lowell Evening Leader: Tech
rically she was guilty, but there was
evidence to show that she was not in
sympathy with the extremists among
the Communist Labor party, with
which she became identified. She
might have avoided a lot of trouble
and distress by a more careful inves-
tigation of the tenets of the organiza-
ton before she agreed to associate
herself with it. AS it was, her dis
illusiOnment did not come until too
Late
The Reno Evening Gazette thinks
tho case may well serve as a warn
ing that even pink-tea Socialists and
Communists may suffer considerable
Inconvenience if they persist in en-.
couraging and associating with pro-
ICnSlOAlci stlittl anu JULIET QlS-
turbers." AS to Miss Whitney, the
Salt Lake Deseret News remarks that
lit is unfortunate, of course, that she
permitted her sympathies to run to
such an extreme as to bring her into
the limelight in such a cause" since
practically her entire life has been
devoted to caring for the unfortunate. /"
In the opinion of the Oklahoma City
Oklahoman, the governor submitted
IAN exceedingly weak defense of his
action, when he says that radicalism
would have been stirred and strength
ened by the Imprisonment of the de-
PENDANT. If justice warranted the par
dom" says the Oklahoman, 1.-The gov
ernor did right in releasing the de-
PENDANT from prison. but there Is
reason for predicating action on the
personal feeling of radicals or future
political contingencies"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Sentiment and Power.

Expression of the local sentiment
against the utilization Of the Potomac
water power at the expense of the
scenic beauties Of the river above
Washington was given by the Fedora
ton of Citizens Associations at a
special meeting last night, when a re-
port on the subject, submitted by a
committee, was adopted. The fedora
ton, representing the various citizens
associations. in turn representing the
greater part of Washington's popula-
ton, voted definite opposition to any
project that would submerge the
gorge of the Potomac above the Capt.
tai, reduce Great Falls to lake,
drown the islands and in general wipe
out an area Of unusual and priceless
beauty.
Considerations Of cost or possible
profits from the enterprise do not
enter into this equation. 1t has been
Capital Park and Planning Comruis-
sion that the project which has been
submitted to the Federal Power Com
mission for approval and adoption
would, if executed, render the entire
area of the Potomac channel and
gorge from the dam at or near Chain
Bridge to Great Falls widespread
ing lake, destroying factors of scenic
attractiveness that are not to be du-
plicated so near another great Ameri-
can city. AS against such a loss, the
resultant contribution of power. at
whatever rates to the public, would
not be compensation.
There is in this matter an element
of unmistakable force, to the preju-
dice of the present proposition. That
is that the project is advanced as a
commercial enterprise by private
corporation. It is proposed to use
the Potomac River as a means Of
making a profit. 1t is true that the
conservation of water power is de.
sired, Is urged, is encouraged by the
Government. 1t is true that there
are in process of development nu-
merous works of this character capa-
BILE of yielding vast amounts of cleo.
trio energy for the service of the peo-
pie. And it is true that if it were not
for the peculiar circumstances at
tending the possible development Of
the Potomac power there would be a
sentiment in favor of
such a work, for the benefit Of the
local community. But the issue,
raised by the exceptional situation
here, is not to be determined by COM
considerations.
The Capital has an asset of great
value in the Potomac gorge and falls.
It's own feeling, which has been
strongly expressed, is that that asset
should not be transformed into terms
Of electric energy, at the permanent
sacrifice of a priceless factor of munic-
ipal attractiveness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

erners have declared themselves in
favor of his nomination, believing that
he would be the strongest candidate
the Democrats could name. Further
more, they fear that If Gov. Smith is
turned down because of his religious
beliefs, no other Democrat would have
a ghost of a show in the general cleo
ton next year. They fear an aroused
Democracy of the North and East,
which is strongly Catholic. The at
tacks made by Senator Hefiin are
likely to stir the supporters of Gov.
Smith to renewed efforts to nominate
him at the next Democratic national
convention.
From Alabama sources comes re-
port that Senator Hefin himself has
aspirations for the Democratic presi
Dental nomination. He is to be the
present-day Martin Luther, the rally
ing point for antiCatholic sentiment.
Three years ago waves in the air car
ried to millions the chant at the
Democratic national convention in
New York that Alabama casts
twenty-four votes for Oscar w. I'm
derwood." Will Thomas j. Het1in. or
tom" Hefiin, be substituted Tor
Oscar w. Underwood at the conven-
ton next year? 1t was the Under
wood forces which cast the Ku Klux
Khan issue into the convention in
Madison Square Garden, causing a
bitter struggle. Alabama, it appears,
may repeat, with Hefiin supporting
the Khan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Surplus, Taxes and Debts.

In announcing the amount Of the
Federal surplus for the fiscal year
1927, which ended Thursday, the Act
ing Secretary of the Treasury stresses
the fact that a considerable portion
of this excess of receipts over ex.
penditures was due to unexpected in
creases in extraordinary revenues,
items of a non-recurrent nature. The
surplus is stated at $685., 1909, 921.70, or
approximately 1888 100000 more than
the surplus Of last year. OF this in
crease $5S,000,000 is in customs, in
come taxes and miscellaneous inter
nal revenue receipts. Some of these
items, however, are in the nature of
collections of taxes for other fiscal
years. A very large part of the in
crease comes from the heavier receipts
than were expected from the railroads
in discharge Of their obligations.
The point Of this explanation is that
the great surplus just reported for the
fiscal year ending June 80 is not to
be regarded as the measure of tax re-
duction. There is no assurance that
these increases in receipts as COM
pared with expenditures will continue
through succeeding years. Too neavy
a tax cut might lead to a deficit in
place Of a surplus. The expectation
is that there will be a reduction of
the tax rate. Perhaps that will cause
a reduction in the revenues. Possibly
not. 1t has been found on prior occa-
sions that rate reduction was followed
by revenue increase, as returns be-
came more inclusive under The infiu-
ence of a less burdensome tax. The
Treasury, however. cannot proceed on
the assumption of a further continu.
ance of this process. 1t must make
sure of sufficient income.
1t is to be anticipated that the Sec.
rotary of the Treasury and the Presi-
dent will recommend tax reduction
| coupled with the application Of a large
part Of the surplus TO debt payment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Heflin on the Firing Line Again.

Senator tom" Heflin of Alabama
is carrying religious warfare against
Gov. Alfred E. Smith into New York.
Addressing meeting at Richmond
Hill. Queens County, Senator Hefiin
said yesterday that the governor
could never be elected President; that
he would not carry the South. be
cause the Protestants of America are
determined to keep Popery out of the
White House"
The Heflin attack upon Gov. Smiths
candidacy for the Democratic nomina-
ton for President in 1928 is nothing
new. He opened fire on the governor
months ago while Congress was in
session. His speeches attacking the
knights Of Columbus and Gov. Smith
have been widely circulated.
The intcrjection of religion into the
politics of the United States is I'M
fortunate, particularly in a country
where religious freedom is guaranteed.
Many Protestants will regret the
issue. But there seems no lodging it
as long as Gov. Smith, a Catholic, is
a candidate for the Democratic nomi-
nation, His letter written weeks ago
in reply to an article in the Atlantic
Monthly questioning his ability to
give unqualified adherence to the Con-
stitution of the United States because
of membership in the Catholic Church
was praised in many quarters. But
-. clearly has had little or no effect
among the die-hards of the Hefiin
tfpe.
The IIef1in campaign against the
New York governor Is but sample
OF what is to come. Gov. Smith is
at present "out in front" in the race
or the Democratic nomination for
resident. Several influential South
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

also for catching birds; (b) spike set
obliquely in the end of plain shaft;
tc) the plain hook; (6 the barbed hook;
(e) the barbed hook combined with
sinker and lure. This series does not
exactly represent stages in invention;
the evolution may have been effected
by the habits of the different species
of fish and their increasing wariness.
The materials used for hooks by the
Indians were wood. bone, shell. stone
and copper. The Mohave employed the
recurved spines of certain species OF
cactus, which are natural hooks,
@. How high is the United States
Capitol?-N. r.
a. The height of the dome above the
base line of the east front of the Cap
itol is 2S7 feet inches. The height
from the top of the balustrades of the
building is PIT feet IL inches. The ro-
tunda is 81 feet inches in diameter
and its height from the floor to the
top of the canopy Is $50 feet inches.
Q. Please tell something about Flor
| Entrencherado and his Philippine En-
| pre-. A. NJ.
| A. Flor Entrencherado has not
| established an independent empire.
He propounded the doctrine of gov
eminent in which the citizens would
not be required to work. His follow
| ers precipitated uprisings in several
towns in the Visayan Islands. An in
vestigation recently showed that En-
| trencherado was insane.
@. Was Sir Thomas Upton born In
| Scotland or Ireland? How did he
make his fortune?-J. G.
| A. Sir Thomas Upton was born in
| Glasgow, Scotland. Of Irish parentage.
| In 1876 he opened a grocery store in
Glasgow and from this his business
expanded to include many stores in
| Great Britain. as we'll as tea, coffee
and cocoa plantations in India. rubber
estates in Celon and a pork-packing
establishment in Chicago.
Q. What Is the meaning Of 80
cycles on an electric motor?-R. G..
| A. The Bureau of Standards says
| that the alternating current reverses
| its direction and repeats its flow in
either direction so times in one
second.
O. Is Ebert Hubbard, I'd. the son Of
Ebert Hubbard's first or second mar
riage?-J. V. G.
A. Alice and Gilbert Hubbard had no
children. Ebert Hubbard I'd. Is the
son Of the first Mrs. Hubbard.
| Frederic J. HGSEin Is employed By
this paper to handle inquiries Of our
readers. and YoW are inUited to call
upon him as freely and as often as you
please Ask anything that is q matter
Of fact, and the authority 1ciW be
| quoted you. There is no charge for
this service. Ask 1Chdt you 1Cdnt, sign
your name and address and tncIose 2
cents in stamps for return postage.
Address The Evening Star Informd-
ton Bureau. Frederic j. Hdskin, di-
! rector, Washington, ID. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN.

q. What causes a small crystal set
to burn up, when the only contacts
are the inside aerial attached to
chandelier and ground attached to a
radiator?-N. A. T.
A. The Loomis Radio College says
that the attachment for using the elc
trio light line in place of an aerial
consists of a condenser arranged so
as to prevent direct contact to the
current-bearing wire. Occasionally
this condenser becomes short-clrculted,
and the coils of the receiver are
burned out by passing current from
the power line to the earth.
O. Can the rings of Saturn be seen
without telescope?-A. f. w.
A. The Naval Observatory says that
the rings of Saturn and the satellites
Of Jupiter can be detected with good
opera glass in favorable weather, and
appear quite plainly in q small field
glass with magnifying power of to
10 diameters.
O. What percentage Of the prison
ers in the prisons of this country are
Federal prisoners?-J. B.
A, According to the latest census
there were 111,498 prisoners in the
United States, with 8,516 Federal pri-
soners. This does not include in
mates Of warehouses.
@. How long does an albatross live?
E. c. G.
A. Little information has been COM
piled concerning such wild birds. 1t
is known, however, that the albatross
is a long lived bird, living from rs to
so years.
@. Who employs the pilots for the
air mail service?-L. f. w.
A. Some routes have been operated
by the Government, some by private
concerns. However, the air mail
service under the Federal Govern
ment went out of existence as of
July /, 1927. The Government is
selling it's airplanes, and the work of
CARRYING the air mail will be carried
on by private companies. Persons in
terested in applying for a position in
the air mail will now have to apply
to the private companies.
O. What was the first magazine?
ID. T. r.
A. The American Library Associa-
ton says: 'It is said that the first
magazine that really deserved the
name was the Athenian Gazette,
which appeared in London in 1891.
Gentleman's Magazine, starting in 1881,
is the real beginning Of the monthly
magazine such as we know it in re-
cent years."
O. How did Indians catch fish before
the white men came?-E. A. G..
A. The methods used by the Indians
in fishing were quite modern. Starting
from the simple device of attaching
the bait to the end of a line, the pro-
gressive order Of fishhooks used by the
Indians seems to be as follows: (a) The
gorge hook, a spike of bone or wood.
sharpened at both ends and fastened
at it's middle to a line, a device used
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Byrd's Triumph.


Byrd flight to France are available
It is clear that his was the most re-
markable of all the four recent sea
crossings by airplane. The America
few over the Atlantic without fault
Had it not been for the prevalence of
a heavy storm centering over North
ern France Byrd and his comrades
would have reached Paris on schedule
time. But owing to the rain and mist
enveioping the earth they could not
see the guiding lights and flew over
a wide range of country, actually at
times being over Paris without know
Ing their whereabouts. They were.
In fact. lost. The false report of their
landing at another point had caused
the extinguishment of the lights at
lie Bourget landing field. otherwise
they would doubtless have reached
their goal.
Byrd was in a perilous plight. He
could not see to land. A descent
would probably have been fatal. His
only safe course was to return TO the
sea and there take chance on alight-
ing on the surface near the shore, to
which he and his comrades might
float on their raft This he did, and
they were fortunate in coming down
close to the coast, though at the cost
of their plane. which is, at latest ac-
counts, disabled If not wrecked be-
yond recovery.
While this flight lacks in the pre-
cision Of Lindbergh's and of the Army
aviators who reached Honolulu, it
demonstrates the resoufcefulness of
the American aviators. 1t proves the
capacity Of Byrd and his companions
to meet emergencies. They say that
they did not expect to survive, that
every minute seemed likely to be their
last. Yet they persevered. They took
the only course that promised saliva
ton, and by the greatest of skill and
the sheerest of daring they won
through, CALAMITY and splendidly.
The drama Of Byrd's fight is the
more striking because it was superla-
tive exhibition of aviation. The plane
stood every test and the men were
It's masters. Only the weather pre-
vented a complete success.
Comdr. Byrd few the America over
the Atlantic in search of information
regarding weather conditions, in the
hope Of finding a means of mastering
the uncertainties Of the air. His con-
tribution to the science of flying is
perhaps the more valuable because of
the comparative failure of the flight.
1t shows the need of some means
Of effecting a landing despite the
prevalence of rain in the region of
the objective. Mention is made in
some comments of the necessity of
q method Of dispelling fogs. That
may not be accomplished, but more
efficient landing aids, better and more
dependable means of communication
between plane and land and greater
certainty of location. are undoubtedly
essential in the development Of reg
+, liar scheduled overseas flying.
Although this latest essay at trans
Atlantic aviation has in a certain
sense lack of success, it cannot be
doubted that as a result Of it in con-
hection with the three other flights
30 recently made the day of sys-
iematic overseas flying is advanced.
To Byrd and his gallant associates
who have so nobly survived the
greatest hazards goes the acclaim of
The American people for having sus.
tained the prestige of this country as
The promoter of aviation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Conquest of Solitude.

Conquest of Solitude.
Light-hearted, confident and bold, he
leaves
The earth which mid it's ancient sor-
rows grieves:
And If long, stressful hours the jour-
ney shows,
He tolls ahead and conquers at the
close.
How pitiful becomes the mortal rage
Which seeks, in wrath, with others to
engage;
When over land and sea he made the
rise,
And Death, himself, in solitMe defes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
A Stubborn Law.

A Stubborn Law.
Don't you think some of our laws
ought to be revised?"
''The important laws" said Senator
Sorghum, 'are those that take care
of themselves. These aviators have
got me concentrating at present on the
law Of gravity"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

Washington, d. c., ought, properly.
to be equipped with the greatest of
all airplane landing fields. The Capt.
tai of a Nation such as this, without
an airfeld, will eventually look like
Hamlet" with the title role omitted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

Europe is confident that she can
manufacture better films than those
Of America. If she were to enlist the
services of all the movie stars who are
non-citizens in the U. S. A. the COM
petition would be formidable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

China shows a hesitance about al
lowing Russia to wish Communism"
on her. The home supply of pretexts
for war is sufficient without encour-
aging importation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

Europe will contest for motion pic
ture supremacy. 1t will be a hard
struggle. America has the most bril-
liant press agents in the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

An air pilot faces sleet and down
poning the event in which he figures
and requesting that rain checks be is
sued.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

A naval ratio is a good thing for
the purpose Of prolonging an argu-
ment. SO long as an argument has
recognized right of way, there can be
no fight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

Europe has several dictators. There
Yet there is not one of the dictators
who would venture to call himself
. emperor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

A hero is supposed to enjoy as many
banquets in a week as the average
member of a reception committee
would undertake in six months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Yet a Mystery.

From the Minneapolis Journal.
The reason why a chicken crosses
the street has been discovered. 1t is
the same reason as that which makes
a driver try to beat the train to the
crossing. III. -,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

There will be Senate rules to be
taken care OF. 1t would be easier to
compel consideration of them if they
related in any way to aviation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

The weather prophet has become a
figure Of great Importance in aviation
"Old Probability" is no longer a joke
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Big Buildings.

They showed me an Egyptian tomb.
It left me with a sense of gloom.
said, Friend Mummy, come with me-
Skyscrapers over home to see.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02

The war in China has reached a
stage that enables the observers to do
little more than report progress."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
No Efacement.

The locomotive toots along.
The f1ivver still is going strong.
The old wheelbarrow dumbly plods,
In spite of airplane demi-gods.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-02
Practical Instructions.

"Your doctor says you must cut out
rich food?"
after receiving his BILL" said Miss
Cayenne, II scarcely feel that can af-
ford to do otherwise"