davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-08-07
RY j. CHARLES LAUE.

INVENTIONS continue to pour into
thp Patent Office. Ordinarily this
4 should he the season of MldSuln-
4 mer d0ldrums. Instead, the inven-
i've faculty is working overtime.
MANY are doomed to disappointment.
Int for the successful there lies at
the foot of the rainbow real million.
The greatest era of invention this
country has ever known Is beng
recorded. a recent survey by noted
firm Of pattnt attorneys shows that
at the present rate there VIII ne 1'ooo
ratents issued every week very soon.
Verv few of these will bring startling
upheavals. Many will be allowed TO
gather dust for lack Of commercial
possibilities But a considerable num-
fcr will reap for their fortunate
creators more reward than they could
possibly earn in salary or in business.
EXDreseion of the inventive magma
ton, morally stimulating in itself,
NAV bring a fortune in its train.
That explains its fascinating lure.
Exploits like that of Lndbergh in
acronautics; the huge fortune so
quickly won by the immigrant Rus
sian, Anatole JOsepho, who sold for
81 600 900 u Photographic invention;
any pronounced success in the me-
chanical world brings out flood of
patent applications. Each year there
are so 600 applications for patents at
Washington. Many are not granted,
but about $4,000 are issued each year,
on the average about 500 week, Gov
cring every field Of human activity.
For every one who gets patent
there are countless thousands who
aspire. The opportunity is denied to
none. Many non scientific persons
i have original ideas that become the
! basis Of Il patent. Housewives, sales
men. business men. are prolific in.
ventors. Frequently a process or
an article is patented that scores or
people have thought of and used be-
fore. They did not have the foresight
/ to patent their idea.
! The actual work Of inventing is a
, relatively small part of the long
! process that leads to success. An
/ inventor. to be successful, must be
/ far more than a mechanical innova-
/ tor. He must be something of law
yer, a publicity expert. promoter
and sales manager to dispose OF his
product.
For every one who gets patent
there are thousands who think they
have the inventive faculty. For these
there has grown the fiourishing pro-
| feasion of patent attorney, from the
conscienceless rogue who preys upon
the unwary to the trained logician
who may win millions for the inventor
Of a basic patent that revolutionizes
| industry.
Inventing amounts almost 10 q
national passion with Americans. II
! In confined to no particular section.
Evening star., 1927-08-07
COrrosiOn of Metals.

IRON and steel are almost equally
resistant to the effects of corrod.
ing influences. AS far back as 1881
the engineer surveyors of Lloyds in
vestigated no less than 1,100 marine
steel boilers in actual use, and found
it impossible to distinguish between
them and the iron boilers, so far as
liability to corrosion was concerned.
In 1891 thirty-seven of the leading
American and British shipbuilders were
asked for their opinion on the subject.
Seven held steel to be more corrodible
than iron, s held the opposite view. s
were uncertain and IA could report no
difference between the two metals. In
1924 a careful examination Of So
samples of pipes from hot-water sys-
TENS in New York City revealed no
appreciable difference between iron
and steel. Last year an investigation
of II samples of wrought iron that
had seen much service showed that
the mean depth of the pittings was
O.094 inch. whereas the pittings in
81 steel samples showed mean depth
Of 0.0093.
Evening star., 1927-08-07
Flood of Inventions at High Point

another in whatever line OF industry
opportunity beckons.
A striking example is given by Mr..
Wright. In ST. Paul. Mimi, lived an
enterprisinE grocer. His customers
bought large quantities. On Saturday
they would carry away about all the
packages and bundles they could hold
in their arms. Many times if they
had been able TO carry more they
would have bought more.
Over and over he turned the prob
lem in his mind. At last he hit upon
the solution. He took paper sack,
punched four holes. two near the bot
tom and two rear the top. and passed
a length of cord through the holes.
The merit of the device lay in the fact
that much of the weight was borne
by the portion of the cord passing
under the bottom of the bag. A GUS
toner could carry all the groceries the
bag would hold. up to 70 pounds.
The grocer applied for a patent. In
little corner OF his store he began
making bags for other storekeepers.
In few years his output was 10000
600 bags. Not long ago he had sin.
gle order from chain Of 5.and10-
cent stores for 1000, 900 bags. lie has
taken out patents in foreign countries.
and orders come to him from all over
the world.
Why get a patent? The smallest
device. providing it is an invention, IL
new and workable, may be very valu.
able. Profits are made out Of the fact
that when q patent has been granted
the inventor has monopoly. A pat
ent is, In fact, contract. One party
to it is the inventor, the other Is the
public. The public, through the Gov
ernment, gives the inventor the right
TO exclude any one else from making
or selling his invention. At the end
of II years the invention becomes pub
lie property.
Patents are granted upon four kinds
of things: Arts, mechanical contriv.
ances or articles of manufacture.
processes, compounds or compositions
casually chemicaD. designs.
AS a result Of the necessity for the
inventor to protect his interests on
the th0rny path which leads to a big
reward. large army Of specialists
has grown up known as patent at.
torneys, who make business Of pilot
ing the inventor through the mazes
of the law. There are about 10000
patent attorneys. mainly in the cities
of New York, Chicago and Washing.
ton. All who are qualified are regis.
tered at the Patent Office.
Rigid supervision has failed to pre-.
vent the systematic swindling Of q
large group OF unsuspecting persons
who believe they have an invention.
Inventors, as a class. are instinctively
suspicious. Unscrupulous agents, lur.
ing them by promises Of quick re.
suits, take advantage Of this reticence
by taking a fee for slipshod work
that cannot result in the granting Of
a patent, Mr.. Wright sxplaina
Evening star., 1927-08-07

simple amusement. elementary educa-
tiCn and scientific education. Thou
sands of the daily visitors are inter
cstcd only in watching the antics or
the animals, and pass from cage to
cage without even reading the labels.
This is the circus crowd, TO which can
be traced the majority of the misde-
meanors which require attention Of
Evening star., 1927-08-07

ance ranges from approximately 1000
on dull Winter week days to nearly
1000 on holidays and special occa-
sions The coming OF a new animal
to which any exceptional interest is
attached brings an average OF 10000
additional visitors the next Sunday.
The greatest single element is com
posed of school children. Particularly
notable is the number OF high-school
classes in the Spring and early sum
mcr Already this year these have
represented II different States from
Maine to Illinois. They come chaper-
oned by their teachers. A curious
development noted this year is the
number Of school parties which have
come all the way from come distant
state by bus, sometimes camping out
on the way and sometimes stopping at
hotels
The ZOO in the opinion OF Dr..
Mann, serves three pGrpoS 9s--
Evening star., 1927-08-07

the park police. They are in the mi.
nority, however, compared with those
who find at the Zoo objective educa.
ton in geography and zoology and
who go away with fairly distinct ideas
of the differences between the Egyp-
tian cobra and the Brazilian anaconda.
Adults seldom show the keen inter
est of school children. whose eyes and
Evening star., 1927-08-07

Object Simple Amusement Scientific Purposes Are t"ph-
Also
Children Furnish Striking Daily Incidents
Evening star., 1927-08-07

appear to be the most popular of all,
and one OF the largest crowds Of the
year always appear at the park on
that Spring day each year when the
European bear first leads her new
family out of the recesscs Of the
rocks. Tho appeal Of infancy is uni
versal throughout the animal king
dom. and there is no suggestion about
the baby tiger Of the snarling. i'll
tempered. meat-eater which il viii
become within year.
There are two opposing attitudes
interesting To Zoo officjals-the atti-
tude of the public toward the animals
and that of the animals toward the
public. The latter is a trit1e more
difficult to ascertain. because 1t can
be expressed only in postures and
groWls without the aid Of words. But
those who have been long acquainted
with the creatures find that they not
only have distinct viewpoints, hut
are in some measure able to read the
thoughts of the visitors.
The lions. tiger and leoparls, for
instance. are aristoCrats, according TO
DR.. Mann. Ordinarily they have moth
ing but contempt for the crowds
which throng in front Of their cages,
, They seem 10 realize that they are
expected 10 roar. and stuhhorny re-
fuse to do 80. unless they have some
reason other than to accommodate
people. They are not vaudeville ac-
tors, hut princes of the furred screa,
tion. 1t is almost impossible to make
Il tiger perform unless he wishes to
DO 50
Quite different are some of the
monkeys. They not only perform for
the public hut faWn on The visitors in
an effort 10 extract from them peanuts
ard candy. The monkeys will learn
10 recognize certain regular Zoo
fans. and will signify their recogni-
tion as soon as they see them. Per
hans thrTe is some sort of mental tC-
epathy whose waves can be picked mp
by the mind Of the simian. At any
rate some of them-for instance
>oCco, the old chimpa nzee-tale n de.
cidcd liking to some and a decided dis
like to others. The ape will literally
so wild when some individuals for
whom he has developed Il dislike ap-
pear before his cage. and doubtless he
would tear them to bits if he could
layShands on them. Others he prob.
ably would follow about gratefully
and peacefully.
Hut the monkeys and apes are Crea-
lures quite apart in any study of
animal psychology. Then minds are
Of an altogether higher order, and
hence their reactions to visitors are
on q more elevated plane than those
of the other mammals. Some OF the
others. however. acquire the faculty
Of recognition if an individual is q fre
quent visitor. The elephant. Jumbo,
for instance. not only recognizes but
hates certain small boys. and will hurl
stones at them with his trunk. Mesh
wire has heen placed on his cage 'for
this reason.
Evening star., 1927-08-07

MOST of the animals have been
IVA "broken in" to crowds. They ac-
cept them as part of the days routine.
And when anything once becomes
matter of routine. the bird or beast
accepts il with perfect equanm!t|.
But the animal mentality does not aC-
cept easily anything new. This. even
more than ability to talk. distinguishes
the dumb creatures from man. Some
crea lures even are frightened 10 death
by an innovation
Hence Zoo officials always are on
the lookout TO prevent any unusual
noises about the building. A boy with
roller skates is looked upon with about
the same aversion as would he felt Ter
q bov with a pitchf0rk. He is likely
to scare tmid beasts so that they VIII
seriously iniure themselves. or even
beat themselves to death against the
bars Most of the jungle creatures are
towards at heart. Any apparent cour.
age which they show is the result OF
familiarity.
Socco. the chimpanzee, aud his TWO
undcrstudes, Jo-Jo and Ra jah, are the
most popular animals at the Zoo, espe'
cially at feeding time. Their willing
ness to perform for the visitors prob.
ably accounts for this. 1t is also due,
To some extent. to the curiosity
aroused among many persons by the
recent acrimonious discussions Of the
theory of evolution. Curbstone argu'
ments on DarWinism are daily occur
rences in front Of their cages,
How can anybody doubt that. man
is close relative Of the monkey. after
seeing animals that act so much like
human beings AS these" asks the en-
thusiastic defender of science.
How horrid, how horrid.' says tie
timid old lady. How can anybody
associate men with such vile "rea-
tures?"
Close seconds in popular faVos are
the two young giraffes, Highboy and
Dot These are still in the infancy
stage, and there is never an hour
while the park Is open that they 90
not have an audience Of children.
They are growing rapidly, however.
Highboy was considerably smailer
than Dot when they first arrived from
the Tanganyika Province of East AZ
RIGA last Fall. but he now has over
taken her and appears larger.
The bears, Dr. Mann believes, are
Evening star., 1927-08-07
BY THOMAS X. HENRY.

% WO elderly colored men were
standing in front of the lion
cage at the Zoo the other
afternoon The king of beasts
u-as hllngrN and bis rOarS re
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
DOUBLE-DECK BUSES FACE CURB
AFTER MYSTERY TREE TRIMMING
Restriction of Service to Widest Streets
Considered as Result of Looping of
Branches of 18th St. Naples.

placed on an "overZealous empiove."
The trees were cut by person un-
familiar with the work, and the SYM
metry of a number of them was de-
stroyed, according to Clifford Lanham,
superintendent of trees and parkings.
1t is apparent. he said, that the trim
ming was done hurriedly, as only
parts of limbs were sawed, and then
wrenched off.
An act of Congress prescribes a
penalty of $50 fine for mutilation
of trees on public property and evil
dence is being prepared by District Of
ficials to prosecute the person who
damaged those on upper Thirteenth
street.
Long Source of Trouble.
Operation of the double-deck busses
on streets where they interfered with
the trees has long been source of
trouble to Mr.. Lanham. A number of
times the trees along Sixteenth and
other streets where busses run have
been trimmed by Mr.. Lanham's forces
at the request of the bus company.
Each time a flood of protests came
from the residents along these streets.
The low branches on the trees also
have caused injury to several pas
sengers and there is one lawsuit now
pending against the company over
such an occurrence.
Commissioner Bell indicated that
upper Thirteenth street probably
would be one of the thoroughfares on
which the ~busses would not be per-
mitted to operate. Maj Covell's in
vestigation will indicate the others. It
is likely that double-deckers will be
confined to Sixteenth street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
PRESIDENT GUEST
OF BOARD OF TRADE
First Annual Banquet of Or
ganzation He Has
Ever Attended.

President Coolidge last night broke
from his wonted custom and headed
a list of honor guests attending the
annual Midwinter dinner of the Wash.
ington Board of Trade which was
held in perhaps the most pretentious
style in the history of the organiza-
ton, at the Willard Hotel 1t was the
Presidents first attendance at a meet
ing of the board.
The banquet was attended by more
than $50 members of the Board of
Trade, and special guests included,
besides Mr.. Coolidge, members of his
cabinet, Congressman, the District
Commissioners and other civic leaders
President Coolidge arrived at the
ballroom of the Willard half-hour
ahead of the scheduled time and was
accorded an enthusiastic welcome that
was prolonged several minutes. The
President remained more than an
hour during the banquet and the
entertainment program that followed.
Edward G. Graham, president of the
board, presided, and John Saul, chair
man of the entertainment committee,
delivered welcome to the guests. Ad-
herring to tradition, however. there
were no formal addresses, the entire
(Continued on Page 4. Column 21
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
JONES STRICKEN
AT THE CAPITOL
Senator From New Mexico Is
Seriously III at Emer-
gency Hospital.
By one Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Stricken with heart attack yes
terday afternoon In the Senate barber
shop. Senator Jones of New Mexico
is in q. serious condition at Emergency
Hospital.
Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson, the
attending physician. expressed hope
that the veteran Democratic legis-
lator would recover from this attack,
but added that he was a very sick
man.
Had Attack Last Session.
Senator Jones, who is 65 years old,
has suffered from angina pectoris for
several years and once during the
last session of Congress he was
Obliged to give up work for several
weeks.
The Senator has been laboring for
several weeks over the alien property
return bill and made a brief address
Yesterday to the Senate in explana
ton Of that measure after it had been
reported by Chairman Smoot of the
finance committee.
Friends of Senator Jones noticed
soon after the session opened that he
was in rather bad physical shape
After his address, he had luncheon
and later went to the barber shop tc
get a shave.
Placed on Floor.
The barber was half finished wher
the Senator suffered an acute heart
attack. Senator Copeland of New
York, a physician, was hurriedly sum
moned and had the shop attendants
place Senator Jones on the floor. there
being no couch handy. There was a
generous response to hurry call for
whisky sent out by DIR. Copeland and
this and other restoratives were ad
n1inistered gradually. Meantime
Admiral Grayson, who has attended
Senator Jones for some years was
summoned.
The patients condition was such
that he could not be moved immedi
ately, but as his pulse gained strength
he was taken to the hospital two hours
after the attack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
Ambulance Plane Rushes Officer
$50 Miles to Hospital in Record Time
nv the Associated rrese.

BY the Associated Fress.
SAN ANTONIO. Tex, February s.
Landing at Fort Sam Houston late
today with Lieut.. Fraser Richardson,
18th Cavalry, who was injured at
Fort Ringgold on the Mexican border,
a Kelly Field aviator completed prob
ably the longest and fastest ambu-
lance run on record.
The dash of approximately 500 miles
from San Antonio to the border post
and back was made by Master Sergt.
r. r. Nendell in the Kelly Field aerial
ambulance at a speed of more than
100 miles an hour.
Lieut.. Richardson, whose skull was
fractured when a gun was discharged
accidentally, was taken to The base
hospital at Fort Sam Houston, where
he underwent an operation tonight
A call for help was received at
Corps Area headquarters late in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06

Double-deck busses of the Washing
ton Rapid Transit Co. may be pro.
hibited from operating on any but
the widest streets in Washington as
result of the mysterious trimming
of more than so Norway naples on
Thirteenth street between Harvard
street and Park road, it was indicated
yesterday afternoon at the District
Building. The trees, it was said, were
mutilated by employees of the bus
company without the knowledge or ap-
proval Of District officials, and steps
already have been taken to prosecute
them.
Maj. w. E. r. Covell, senior assist
ant engineer commissioner and public
utility commission attache, has been
instructed by Engineer Commissioner
j. Franklin Bell, chairman of the com
mission, to make a thorough investi.
cation of the width of the streets
over which the double-deckers now
run, and also the condition of the
trees along the routes.
Proposed Ban Not Penalty.
This information will be used by the
commission in the preparation of an
order prohibiting the busses from run
ming on streets where they might en-
danger trees.
Officials of the commission point
out that the proposed ban on the dou-
ble-deck busses is not a penalty against
the company, as its officials have de-
MED any responsibility for the tree
trimming episode. The blame was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
GALES INCREASES
DUTIES ON IMPORTS
Adds 5 Per Cent Ad Valorem ON
Virtually Everything Brought
Into Mexico.
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, February 5.-Pres-
ident Gales today decreed increased
import duties of per cent ad valo-
rem, effective 80 days hence, upon
virtually everything imported into
Mexico.
The purpose of the decree is to in
crease government revenues, presum-
ably to offset the actual or prospec-
tive diminution of oil tax revenues
resulting from the decreased opera
tions of foreign producers under the
new petroleum law
The Presidents proclamation lists
TT classif1cations subject to increased
duty, including almost every kind of
food, drink, clothing, cloth, raw ma.
teria1s and manufactured products
generally.
1t is expected that the new duties
will increase the cost of living, which
already is high, and is coupled with
considerable unemployment and gen.
eral business depression.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-02-06
27 RAILROADS GIVE
$1,000 WAGE RAISE
Eastern Lines Increase for
Firemen and Enginemen
Is 7 1-2 Per Cent.
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, February 5.--Thirty-
one thousand firemen and enginemen
on 81 Eastern railroads and their sub,
salaries will find their wage envelopes
swollen next pay day as a result of a
settlement reached today between the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen, granting a 7i2 per
cent increase In pay.
The settlement. modelled closely on
ciae the conductors and trainnen res
Gently effected. was made before G.
Wallace w. Hanger, member of the
United States Board of Mediation, and
is said to be the first agreement of
this magnitude to be reached through
mediation.
Under New Rail Law.
1t was brought about under pro.
visions OF the Watson-Parker law,
which provides for mediation. and
that failing, for arbitration. and final
Iy for an emergency board created by
the President of the United States.
The original demand of the firemen,
calling for fiat increase of 81 per
day and up, involved an amount of
$13 900 900. This was withdrawn and
a new agreement reached Tor an In
crease on the sliding wage scale, !"
which win call for an outlay of
SIS, ,000, 900.
The settlement came as q result of
two weeks conference between Mr..
Hanger in the capacity of mediator
and d. B. Robertson, president of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen, and John G. Walber,
chairman of the committee represent
ing the railroads.
Agreement for Year.
The settlement is effective from Feb
ruary /, 1927, and the agreement is
operative for one year.
Certain minor requests of the fire.
men were granted or modified, Mr..
Hanger said. The request for allow
ance for overtime, meals. lodging and
expenses when train crews were away
from home was withdrawn without
prejudice.
Among the larger roads affected are
the New York Central. Pennsylvania
Reading, Delaware, Lackawanna and
Western, Erie, Lehigh Valley, Mich
igan Central and Baltimore and Ohio.
Thirty-two subsidiary lines are also
affected.