davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19
ABLE TO HANDLE
MAMMOTH CROWD

Completely equipped for the first
time to handle the thousands who
will attend, the st. Louis County
Arrowhead Fair, August %, 20. 80
and 81 is prepared to entertain the
largest crowd in its history.
The twenty-sixth annual fair will
be held on a new fair grounds, one
of the most modern fair plants in
the Northwest. A new steel grsnd-
stand which cost in the neighborhood
of $4,000, a new haf-mile race
track, new cattle barns, new korse
barns, an enlarged educational build
ing and new exposition building
gives the Arrowhead fair the last
word in county fair buildings. Every
indication points to the stands and
buildings being ready when the fair
opens.
This week sand secured from the
Oliver Iron Mining company is be-
ing placed on the track. The grand
stand is completed as far as the
structural and concrete work Is con-
cerned. The temporary framework
and towers are being removed and
the stands cleaned up ready for the
big throngs who are expected from
over the entire Mesaba range and
the county.
Outside of the actual building
program, the fair management viii
offer the largest exhibit of farm
products and cattle in years. As
surances have been received that
more than two dozen farm clubs in
st. Louis county will exhibit. The
cattle exhibits will include some Of
the best dairy herds in st. Louis
and Itasca counties.
The horticulture show the wom-
ans department the school depart
ment, domestic arts-in fact very
section of the fair this year viii
have hundreds of entries.
The poultry exhibit will be equal
to past fairs and this year there il
a possibility that the show may be
surpassed. Poultry exhibitions at
the Arrowhead fair have alway, led
the entire county.
The entertainment program this
year is the costliest the fair shas
ever contracted for. A horse rae
ing program equal to the state fair
viii be featured. There win be
six harness races, $500 purses, run
ming races, relay races and standing
races.
Colonel, the high jumping horse,
viii appear every day. Driftwood
and Shamrock will also be featured.
There will be an air circus and .
parachute drop and night flying
with fireworks.
Cliff Curran, the swinging phe-
nomenon on rs foot pole, win give
his thrilling act day and night The
Bracks, the worlds creates acrobats
VIA. appear day and night. Gordon's
Is trained dogs viii appear day and
night. Ernie Young,s revue. tine
Passing Parade of 1927, will be an
other attraction. The famous Duff
field fireworks will be shown every
night.
Les Emery, secretary of the fair,
makes the prediction that the show
will be one of the greatest in the
history of any fair held in the
county.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19

Frank Lindgren left yesterday
for Philadelphia where he goes to
attend the Grand Lodge convention
of the Loyal Order of Moose as
delegates from the Ely branch Of the
order. He will DE absent about .
week.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19
WOLF BOUNTIES
| ARE NOW OUT
ST. LOUIS COUNTY COMMITS.
SIONERS CANCEL THE SIS
WOLF BOUNTY PAID IN THE
PAST-LAKE COUNTY FOL-
LOWS SUIT.

Payments of bounties on wolves
by. the county will not be made
hereafter, following action of the
county board at their last meeting
in withdrawing the $500 bounty
that has formerly been paid for
mature wolves. For the last few
years the county has been meeting
the state halfway in meeting the
bounty payments, each paying SIS.
Other counties in the past have paid
bounties, but at present all are out
of the wolf bounty list. The re-
ltrenchment will save the county
about s35, 900 year, it is estimated.
Wolf killers who object to the re-
fusal of the county to pay bounties
have their fellows to blame, court
house attaches says. It has seemed
to be the attitude of some wolfers,
| it is said, to assist, rather than to
hinder the propagation of wolves, by
their failure to destroy the dens of
cubs.
Some of the hunters seem to re-
gard the wolf crop as a farmer does
his cattle, and they hesitate to kill
a pup that brings but a $12 bounty
when they could get $50 for full
grown wolf. Repeated urging to
kill the pups instead of allowing
them to grow up to the $50 size has
brought little result.
| Another reason for withdrawing
the reward has been the outright
dishonesty of a few hunters, who
have brought wolf pets from other
counties and states, where the
bounty was small, to st. Louis
county, where the reward was much
above the average. This situation
reached its climax in 1925, when a
large number of wolf pelts were
brought from Montana to Walter
Bergen. county auditor, for the st.
Louis county bounty.
An observant deputy, noting the
difference in the pelts from those
lof Minnesota wolves, called atten-
ton to the attempted raid on the
county treasury, with the result that
the bounties were refused on eighty
three old and eighty young wolves,
a saving to the county and state of
1856. Four men were arrested
for the fraud and served time at the
county workfarm.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19
TRUCK SMASHES THROUGH
JAMES DRUG STORE WINDOW

The Minnesota Power & Light COM
pany truck, while parked on the op-
posite side of the street from the
James Drug Store, backed down the
hill and across Tire street directly
into the front of the drug store at
noon yesterday, smashing out two
panes of plate glass, the window
and running the display in the win
dow. A pencil machine in front of
the window, had been surrounded
by children all morning but at the
time of the smash was deserted. The
machine was wrecked. The damage
is estimated at between $500 and
500. Luckily 10 lives were lost
or injuries sustained by anyone on
the street of sidewalk.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19
JACK GIANOTTI PRESIDENT
OF BOARD OF EDUCATION

The organization meeting of the
Board of Education of District No.
II was perfected last week by the
election of Jack Gianotti as presi-
dent; DIR. ]. E. Thompson as secre-
tary and Kenneth Duncan as trea-
surer. The newly elected memb IS
of the board, Bern Lambert and E.
H. Starkman took heir seats with
the board for the first time at the
organization meeting.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19

standard of excellence in a contest
among the representatives of the
company, which extended over the
period of a year, and which took
into account every phase of the life
underwriters work. Accompanied
by Mrs. Walsten, he will leave for
Yellowstone August 20. The North
western National party will total
It's from twenty states.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19
ELY INSURANCE MAN
WINS CONVENTION TRIP

o. A. Walsten of this city will
attend a convention of the agents
of the Northwestern National Life
Insurance Company of Minneapolis.
to be held August 1925 at Yellow
stone National Park, as a guest of
the company. Mr.. Walsten won the
right to attend by attaining high
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19

Births reported with the registrar
of births and deaths, DR.. O. w.
Parker, since the last issue were as
follows:
To Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Gotchnik on
August z, a daughter.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Zorman
on August 8, SON.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Yeager on
August 10, daughter.
To Mr.. and Mrs. John Kari on
August II, daughter.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Anton Struna
on August IA, daughter.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Luther M. Bang
on August 16, a son.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1927-08-19

meeting are being sponsored by the
Duluth Chamber of Commerce. A
visit to the Forest Experiment Sta
ton and the woodworking industries
of Cloquet tomorrow viii conclude
the trip.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

people of the United States added to their
domain and settled a quarter of a million
square miles of territory known as the
Oregon country of the northwest; took
about 100000 square miles of territory in
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

did not differ materially from the fat
bottomed boat. 1t was usually from fifty
to seventy-fv feet long and with a beam
of from ten to twelve feet. The gunwales
were hewn from cottonwood logs and the
bottom was spiked onto stringers running
lengthwise of the boat. The bow and stern
were square, with a sufficient rake to pre-
vent impeding headWay. The oar, the pole,
the line and the sail were the appliances
relied upon for motive power in ascending
the stream, but in descending, the boat
was merely permitted to float with the
current, being kept in the channel by a
steersman.
The BuIl-BOat
Perhaps the most unique boat used by
the early day fur traders, from about 1910
to 1880, on the shallow tributaries of the
Missouri, was the bull-boat.. 1t was prac-
ticaA along these streams because Of its
light draft. 1t was probably the ightest
draft boat ever constructed, for it's size,
but was capable Of successfully transport
ing cargo Of from 5000 to 5000 pounds.
The framework Of the bull-boat was con-
Structed Of willow poles, % to 80 feet long,
laid lengthwise, and across these other
poles were laid. All were then securely
fastened together with rawhide thongs.
Along the tops OF the vertical portions of
the framework on the insire were then
lashed stout poles, like those forming the
bottom Of the boat, which served as gun
wales. To these guDwales were lashed
cross poles, TO prevent the former from
spreading. Not a nail was used in the en-
tire construction process, all fastenings
being secured with rawhide thongs. The
frame so constructed was then covered with
buffalo hides sewed together with sinews,
the seams being pitched with a cement
made Of buffalo tallOw and ashes.
Buffalo boats, constructed in a similar
manner to those described above although
much smaller and OF a somewhat different
shape, were in use on the upper Missouri
by the Mandan Indians when they were
first visited by Jean Baptiste Trudeau,
David Thompson and the La Verendryes in
the eighteenth century. The Mandan bull
boat was about the size and shape Of a
large wash-tub and one buffalo hide was
sufficient to cover it, 1t could safely carry
one person..
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

the west and southwest from Mexico;
established themselves along a thousand
miles Of the Pacific coast and Overran the
whole Of the intervening region between
the Pacific and the Mississippi in an un
paralleled series of overland migratiOns.
Two million square miles of territory
were penetrated and occupied as q result
of these overland hegiras between 1910 and
1850. Both the travel movement and the
area affected by It were, in respect Of size,
the most extensive and largest involved in
any similar movement recorded within q
like interval of human history.
The economic and political history of
the world has been, and is destined to be,
more deeply Influenced by these overland
travel-surgeS than by any other movements
which have taken place elsewhere. Among
existing conditions due, either directly or
indirectly, 90 the American peoples sud
den occupation Of the region between the
Mississippi an dthe Pacific are: vast addi-
ton to the worlds stock OF gold, the new
Importance of the Pacific ocean and bOr-
dering countries in the worlds affairs, the
political expansion Of the United States
the increase to this country of immigra-
ton from all other lands, a swifter in
dustrial and economic development of this
the creation Of the Panama canal and the
far-reaching effect of all these things upon
the affairs Of mankind.
The Trailblazers
The men who Travelled up the Missouri
river in keel boats and steamboats,, break.
ing the trail for the pioneers who fol
| lowed by boat and with Ox-trains, can bC
seen by us in two characters. In one sense
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

along the river everywhere and such logs
were easily procured The usual size of the
cottonwood canoe was 20 feet in length
with a beam of three feet. 1t was made
with a brOadaXe and an adj, and the hull
had & thickness of from three to four
inches along the bottom of the boat. Such
a canoe possessed the requisites of strength,
lightness of draft and durability.
The PinOgue
The pirOgue was primarily a French
craft, introduced with the beginning of
the fur trade, to which it was especially
adapted. In reality it was a double canoe
built in the shape Of a fatirOn, with a
sharp bow and square stern. Two canoes
were Squarely fastened together about six
feet apart, the whole being decked over
with plank. On this floor was placed the
cargo, which was protected from the wealth
er by skins. The boat was propelled up
stream by oars or a line and Steered by
an Oarsman, who stood on the stern. A
square sail was also resOrted to, going up
stream when the wind happened to come
from the right quarter, and distance of
| from ten to fifteen miles a day could be
made with this craft under favorable con-
ditiOns. The pirOgue was usually from
/ thirty to forty feet long with a beam OF
/ from six to eight feet. Being of light
draft they were good carriers. They were
much safer than the canoe, as it was i'm
! possible to upset them.
| The Bateau
| 1t was also the French fur trader whC
| introduced the bateau on the Missouri
This was a 1at-bOttOmed, clumsily con
structed boat especially adapted to thu
transportation Of cargOes downstream and
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

boat. 1t passed through a ring which was
fastened by a short line to the bow to
help guide the boat, and was drawn by
from twenty to forty men strung along the
shore. The reason for attaching it to the
mast was that it might swing clear of the
brush along the shore line.
How 1t Was Opedated
When an obstacle was encountered which
prevented men from walking along the
shore, the line was made fast to some OBJ
ject on the bank, and she was pulled up by
men on the boat pulling on the line. This
process was called "warping." There were
also shallow places along the river where
1T became necessary to use poles. These
poles we're of various lengths suited to
convenient handling and were equipped
with balls or knobs to rest on the hollow
Of the shoulder. To proPel the boat by
means Of these poles the vOyageurs ranged
in single file on each side Of the deck near
the bow, facing aft. Planting their poles
in the river bottom, pointing down stream
they pushed steadily against them, at the
same time walking toward the stern The
oars came into use when it became neces-
sary to cross from one side Of the river to
the other.
Crew OF Ghe KeeI-BOat
The crew Of the keel boat in the fur trade
days, called "a brigade" frequently con
sisted of as many as 100 men. although
this number always included many hunters
and trappers bound for the mountains.
They always went well armed and every
keel-b carried on her bow a small can
non, called a swivel The captain of
the boat called the patron" did the
steering, and his assistant, called the bOsse-
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25
Bankers to Meet at Helena

The Montana Bankers association will
hold its annual convention at Helena
thursday, Friday and Saturday, July 21,
= and y. The convention date was fixed
at meeting Of the executive board of fine
association at Butte recently. Those pres
ent were J. K. Heslet, president: John
Komersa, secretary, Kalispell, and board
ply, ScObey; S. Brown, r. Westbrook. Ri.
lings; j, A. Morrison, Dillon, and Douglas
Parker, Sweetgrass.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

they are seen as men and women like our
selves, engaged in a long and tedious jour
ney undertaken for personal reasons Of
one kind and another and hopeful Of i'm
proving their condition. In a broader sense,
they do not seem as individuals, but as a
strange and colossal spectacle moving in
response to a world impulse which sum-
mOned them to play a mighty part in the
affairs of men-and left them ignorant Of
what they had done, just as most Of us
are ignorant Of what we collectively are
doing today.
NavlgatiOn's Evolution
On the dark bosom OF the Missouri, the
Indian padded his canoe and his bullbOat
for centuries before the advent Of the
white man. Then came the French vOya-
geur and his pirOgue, bis bateau, his keel
boat, and his mackinaw boat, without which
the fur trade the principal commerce In
that day, could not have attained its great
proportions. At last came the steamboat,
the most wonderful invention of the nine
teenth century.
For half a century the Missouri river
was the great thOrOughfare from the East
and the West, and on 1t hOated the traV-
el and commerce Of the trans Mississippi
section. No one can now appreciate its
Importance in the past. Military posts
were established that supplies by the river
route might be easily obtained, and set
Elements were made with a view to trans
porting the products Of the farm to the
markets on it's waters. Capitals Of states
were located on its banks, that they might
be accessible.
The Cottonwood Canoe
It is interesting to study the primitive
craft which piled the muddy waters Of the
Missouri. The ordinary canoe needs no
description; yet, the canoe Of the Missouri
river was somewhat different from modern
day craft which bears that name. The
birchbark canoe, so often seen on the
northern lakes and such as were used by
the northeastern tribesmen, was not adapt.
ed to the Missouri due to its frail con-
structiOn; and besides, the birch tree, from
which the bark was taken, is not found
along the Missouri. This craft was usually
the cottonwood canoe, or "dugOut," made
from the log Of a cottonwood fifteen tC
twenty-five feet long and three or foul
feet in diameter. The cottonwood grows
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25
The Keel-BOat

The Keel-BOat
The keel-bOat was usually from nifty to
.seventy-1ve feet in length with q heam of
from fifteen to twenty feet. The keelson
extended from stem to stern, and it was a
staunch vessel, well modelled with sharp
bow and stern. It was the work of skillful
artisans in boat building, patterned after
the most approved methods of shipeTaft in
vogue in those early days. Such a boat
had a carrying capacity OF from ten to
twenty tons, and took a draft Of about
thirty inches light. 1t represented a cost
of about $1,000 to. 1900. Amidships was a
cabin, extending four or five feet above the
hull in which was stored the cargo Of In
dian merchandise. On each side of the
cabin was a narrow walk, called by the
French "passe- -a-vant." on which the boat
men walked in pushing the boat along with
poles. The appliances used for ascending
the river were the cOrdelle, the pole, the
oar and the sail. The cordelle was a line
sometimes 800 yards long, which was fas-
tened to the top Of a high mast which
stood little forward Of the center of the
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

covering the upper
r e a C h e s of the
stream. To Captains
Meriwether Lewis
and William Clark
we owe it's explOra-
tiOn, and to them, in
a measure, may be-
long the honor of
opening up to COM
merce the combined
navigable stretches
of the Missouri,
Yellowstone, Mis-
sissippi, Ohio and
tributary rivers, CIV
ing to the Union
over 10000 miles
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25
(By DAN r.. CONWAY

(This Is the first Of a series OF four
articles having TO do with Navigation on
the Upper Missouri RiveF.)
IRON the earliest times in the
Il history Of the West, the head
Il waters of the Missouri river have
formed the objective point Of explOr-
ers. To Sierre de La Verendrye and
his sons belongs the credit for dis
The Bozeman courier., 1927-03-25

Indians with much apprehension, viewing
the Fire Boat" or water Monster" when
the latter made it's first voyage TO the Cup
Country"
From a sketch by Chas. NJ. Russell
Copyrighted 1922: by the Montana
Newspaper Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-03-15

on to assert that food. and plenty OF
1t, is the sure road TO the heart OF
friendship.
A necessary concomitant, too, is that
the food must be free.
So pervading is this doctrine that
those who invite friends TO dinner are
always assured of happy social eve
ming Those trustful persons. how
ever, who depend upon their bright
and witty conversation, their radio or
monograph. are left severely alone.
What truth there is in these charges
must be left to every Washingtonian
to answer severally and individually.
Perhaps this city does need, indeed,
more Of the old -fashioned dropping
in" to see ones friends that formerly
prevailed in the small towns OF Amer
lea, and which does, if report is true,
still prevail in such places.
Friendship ought not, of truth,
TO depend so much upon an appeal to
the stomach as upon n call to those
deeper feelings of heart and mind
which men more properly mean when
they speak that magic word. Friend
ship is broader than the frying pan
and deeper than any sort of pot or
kettle whatsoever.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-03-15
Not in Vain.

A Los Angeles mothers sacrifice
Of her own life in an attempt to res
cue her 2-year-old child from beneath
the wheels of a locomotive was not in
vain, despite the fact that the little
one lost its life.
There were thousands Of men and
women, reading the brief dispatch OF
the Associated Press, who felt their
hearts quicken as they read. and who
experienced q keen sense OF sorrow
that the mother had not been able to
throw her child clear Of the engine.
Yet, in larger sense, she succeeded.
To most events in life there are two
sides, the immediate and the remote.
The first may prove OF no avail,
whereas the remote effects may be
wide reaching.
In the ordinary course of everyday
life many a man comes to the selfish
conclusion that, were he suddenly
confronted by an emergency which
called upon him to risk his life, he
"OAAN AAOb w ~, ESPECIALLY Al LfI6 OIlS
for whom he was called upon to make
the sacrifice was not near to him.
Most men, however, are better than
they know. The cool calculation of
selfish hours gives way to the valor
Of the grand moment. The heritage of
the race, in its best aspects, calls for
nothing less.
Only recently in this city a man
gave his life in an attempt to rescue
his pet dog from the wheels of an au.
tomobile. The affections are rty,
and will prevail. No one cal ow
what he will do until the time ones.
The brave attempt of the Los
Angeles mother, carried to every cor
ner of the land as news, will have
effects of which she reckoned naught.
In boldly placing before the careless
and the Indifferent the necessity for
doing ones duty, come what may.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-03-15
Returned. With Thanks.

The return OF $500 to the Treas
ury by Senator Frank L. Greene OF
Vermont recalls wildly a tragic &C.
currence Of law enforcement. A bullet
fred by a prohibition agent at fleeing
bootleggers struck the Vermont Sena-
tor two years ago, infiicting wound
from which he has never fun recov-
cred.
Senator Greene. at the instance Of
the late Senator Lodge Of Massachu.
sets, was voted $500 by Congress
10 pay his expenses for medical atten-
ton. and 1t is this money which Sena-
tor Greene has now refused. His rea.
SON for refusing 1t is that 1t would be
improper for the taxpayers OF the
country to have to bear the expense
Of his personal misfortune" The
course followed by Senator Greene
does him credit. though doubtless his
friends an Cen gresa- ands people Renu