davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
IN
FRISCO SHOWN
TO Be A FRAUD
Few Have 1t, While Thou
sands StarVe
BY HOWARD HARLAN
worker Correspondent

SAN FRANCISCO. - The most
prosperous year in our city's history
has Just closed, according to the daily
press. Bank clearings--the barometer
Of progress-never attained such
dizzy heights as in the year that has
just passed. Building permits have
surpassed all previous records, and
palatial new structures have altered
the physiognomy of our city in the
last twelve months.
Property Raises
Property valuations are incfeas-
ing weekly, imports and exports are
leaving all previous records in the
shade, the San Francisco-0akland
bridge project has been brought i'm
measurably nearer by the concen-
trateG efforts of our civic politicians,
and the first budget reduction in
twenty years has been recorded.
The Other Side
All these factors spell prosperity
and optimism in abundance but, alas,
there happens to be another side to
the shield. The reverse side indi-
Gates little of the prosperous condi-
tions just enumerated.
10000 Are Jobless
Here we learn that 'Frisco's unem-
ployed army exceeds that of any year
since the records were kept. Over
twenty thousand potential workers
are prohibited by economic conditions
from having contact with job. The
employment sharks are themselves
next to being unemployed. Some of
them find it necessary to remain
closed for days at a time. Even the
large offices, which in the summer
season are the scenes of intense ac-
tivity, are now displaying black
boards and posters with less than
dozen positions available to prospec-
tive job hunters.
Must Seek Charity
While families of producers are
suffering privation, and thrown on
the charity of the public, much ado
is made Of building permits, bank
clearings, increased exports, and re-
duced taxation, while Brisbane adj
vises all from the North, and the
South, and the East who are not en-
loving their share of the national
prosperity to pull up stakes and come
to sunny California, the home of
peace and abundance. What strange
world
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24

Mass meetings Of workers are be
ing arranged in many cities, and in
response t. a general demand for
details Of the New York struggle,
the Joint Board of the ]. L. G. w.
sent Max Levine, member Of the out
of-town committee, on a speaking
tour of the West. He will speak in
Los Angeles, San Francisco, San
Diego and Petaluma, California, in
San Antonio. Dallas and Houston,
New Orleans, Jacksonville and Sa-
vannah. Miss Anna Lityakcos has
been placed in charge of commit
tee sin Philadelphia, which, as q re-
sult Of the conference Of representa-
tive workers held there last week, is
sending in 5000 day on their pledge
Of $4,000 FOR the bond issue of the
Joint Board to obtain funds to carry
on the fight.
Help From Many Cities.
An additional $1,000 has been re-
ceived from Chicago for the bond
issue. 5000 from Milwaukee and
81, 900 from st. Louis. where mass
meetings have been held. The pro-
gressive members Of the Shirt Ironers
union, who pledged $500 have turned
in another 500, having bought bonds
already to the amount of $3.50. The
millinery workers, who have already
raised $4,700, bought another 81 600
worth of bonds on Wednesday.
The bond issue, of S250,000 is guar
anteed by the Joint Board and by the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24

When the State Industrial Survey
Commission reports to the legisla-
ture on Feb. Is, its recommendation
viii form the basis for any new
labor laws or changes to be made
this year. What the Commission can
be expected to propose is indicated
in its makeup and conduct to date.
Big Business Control
There are three Democrat legisIa-
tors to six Republicans among the
Commissioners The representative
of "the public at large" is James
w. Gerard--Woodrow Wilson'S am
bassador to Germany. The en-
ployers' representative is Merwin K.
Hart, a Republican and counsel for
the Utica textile manufacturers.
The man chosen by the legislature
to represent labor is Emanuel
Koveleski, vice president of the
State Federation and delegate of the
Hotel e. Restaurant Workers, Init.
Union to American Federation of
Labor conventions.
Lives On Accidents.
Henry D: Sayer, executive secre,
tary Of the Industrial Survey Com
mission, is executive director Of the
Wolff Industrial Service Inc. This
organization has 1G offices and
branch stations in New York and
Brooklyn. 1t exists to give emer-
gency and regular treatment to in
iured workmen. 1t does not purport
to give them legal advice on how to
apply for compensation. EMPLOYERS
send their workers to this oFgariza-
ton instead Of employing private
physicians.
Industrial SURVEY
The hostility Of the Commission to
legislation favored by labor is evil
dent at its hearings. The elaborate
attack Of employers agents on the
proposed 4S-hour law for women is
example enough. Both old-line po-
litical parties have promised to pass
a 4S-hour law to supplant the pres
ent 54-hour week allowed. Senator
Seabury Mastick, who introduced the
4S-hour bill, sits on the commission.
His only audible support. outside Of
labors representative, is Frederick
l.. Haekenburg, Democratic assem-
blyman who tries TO bring out labor's
viewpoint from his own political
angle.
For Equally Hard Work
Woman's Party members have tes-
tilted repeatedly against Nil protec-
tive legislation for women workers.
They have brought in so-called
working women well-knowu
few who are trotted out whenever
needed-to testify that they lost Jobs
on the subway or in print shops be-
cause Of women's hour legislation.
Employers have given Woman's
Party free access to their factories
TO take vote--in the presence Of
the omployer-of the women workers
on whether they want the 4s-hour
law. Representatives Of The Con-
sumcrs League of New York. which
faNors the shorter work-week, Sc
cured no such cooperation in their
survey Of working women's opinion.
Jecr at Girl
The Woman's Party Of course
found that the women workers didn't
want anything different from their
- - q .,tt,. Hass .a.. tt.va
All but one are lawyers and
that lone exception is listed as
farmer.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2s.--Arbi.
tration of the Mexican land law con-
troversy faded somewhat into the
background today, despite indications
that the Senate on Monday will pass
the Robinson resolution declaring Il
TO be the sense Of that body that the
dispute hN arbitrated.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
INDUSTRIAL SURVEY COMMISSION OF NEW YORK
IN TIGHT GRIP OF EMPLOYERS; DELIGHTED BY
ATTACK ON 4S-HOUR BILL; JEERS SUPPORTERS
BY ESTHER LOWELL

viii New York workers their long-promised 4Ouvveek
law from the legislature?
VIII the worbmens
endless delays made possible by appeals?
How much the labor legislation the Federation
Of Labor going
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
COLLEGE ECONOMICS PROFESSOR INVESTIGATES;
FINDS COMPANIES PROMISE MEN PENSIONS in FAR
DISTANT FUTURE TO DRIVE THEM HARDER TODAY

corporations their workers deferred in the
when they be 65 to 10 old being increase
ed bv author
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
Organized Labor-Trade Union Activities

News and Comment
Labor Education
Labor and Government
Trade Union Politics
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
Negro Conference Secy,
Halls Daily Worker

feel that the coming to New York
of the Daily Worker win mean a
great deal to the Negro Worker. The
paper can keep him in touch with
world labor, and inform him about
organization. The work that the A.
n. l.. G. has been trying to do will
be greatly strengthened.-Mary
Adams, Former Secy., A. N. l.. G.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24

The Hotel and Restaurant Work
prs' branch Of The Amalgamated
Workers will have an entertainment
and ball at the "Lyceum," seth st.
and 3rd Ave-, New York, Friday,
Feb. II, 1927.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-01-24
Jeer az Girl

The Woman's Party Of course
found that the women workers didn't
want anything different from their
---------s---, q .4, t... -. t.r
All but one are lawyers and
that lone exception is listed as a
farmer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
ORGAN MUSIC DANCING
FAVORED IN NIGHT CLUB
London Manager Gusts jazz Or
chestra and Sails to New York
to Hire Organist.

Correspondence of the Associated Press
LONDON.--Lo night life hab.
tues will soon be dancing to JAZZ as
turned out by an organ.
The organ will be feature of the
new Cafe Royal, at Piccadilly. Capt
ID. II. Pigache. the managing director.
has sailed for New York to seek an
orcanist for his instrument.
There will he no orchestra.
jazz can he played wonderfully on
an organ, and we know by expert
ments that our guests will find great
enjoyment in foxtrotting to its tunes
as change from a syncopated or
chestra," said the director. Our
experience shows that dancing to an
organ is even more easy and more
pleasant than to any other music"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
AVERAGE ANNUAL TAX RECEIPTS %
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOR
ALTERNATE PERIODS OF PEACE
I'm dollars-O00. 600 omitted.
kevoIutienary War Expenditures.

:
70 meet the expenses of the Revolu-
nary War. estimated in specie val
at around $100, 000, 600, the Cont
ltal Congress was able to collect
than $4,000. 900 in taxes. The rest
the revenues required came from
he use OF paper money. forcible requi-
sitions of supplies against congress
sional o US. domestic loans, direct
financing by the States of the ex-
penses Of their men in the field and
the never-to-be-forgotten loans and
subsidies from France. and to a linn.
tied extent from Spain. Holland also
made moderate loan, but did not ad-
vance any money until the success of
the American Army seemed assured.
In the six critical years following
the close of the Revolutionary War
and the inauguration of Washington,
conditions went from bad to worse
The young Nations bills were unpaid.
the interest on its domestic debt fell
badly into arrears, no payments were
made to France-only on the Dutch
debt were interest payments made and
this was because the Dutch bankers
who had issued these loans, rather than
have the interest defaulted. advanced
the money necessary to meet its pay
ment. This condition was wholly un.
necessary for the country was not
bankrupt. IL was entirely due to the
fact that the different States would
not surrender any of their taxing
powers TO the central government.
AS John Fiske writes, I'VE were
bullied by the English, insulted by the
French and Spanish and looked ask
ance at i'm Holland. The humiliating
positions i'm which our Cforeignl min
listers were placed by the beggarly
poverty of Congress was something
almost beyond endurance"
Finally It became evident to the men
who had seen the country through the
dark days of the war that the time
had come to take very positive steps
TO establish a closer union of interest
between the States. or else all the sui.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
PICKS FATHERS CALLING
English Girl Assumes His Career
and Studies for Bar.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
LONDON.--Miss Iala Smit. H.
daughter of the British high commits
sioner for South Africa, has decided
to follow her fathers footsteps and
read for the bar. She hopes to qualify
In three years and return to South
Africa to practice law. She is study
fng at the Temple. in London. ancient
seat of the Knights Templars and the
legal fraternity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
A estimated for the fiscal year.
. National State and local.

As estimated Iuf the Iscdl year.
80 National State and local.
So far as the United States is con-
cerned, Federal taxes have fallen in
the past eight postwar years from a
per capita basis of $685. in 1920 TO
$29.7O in 1927-that is, for the fiscal
period ending June 30 of each of
these years. The adoption of the
budget system of regulating expenses
which became effective under Presi
dent Harding in 1921, and as consci-
cntiously enforced by him and By
President Coolidge, has aided greatly
in making possible the lower level of
Federal taxation which we now enjoy.
1T does not seem likely, however. that
any further important reduction in
Federal taxation can be made until
the liquidation of the war debt has
been accomplished. While this is
true. 1t may be possible to rearrange
the Federal taxes so as to make them
less burdensome. A downward read
justment of rates of taxation Is fire.
quently followed by an increase in
the yield: the growth in popula tion
and in the volume of business done
has. in the past, frequently worked
out such result and no doubt will do
so again.
fCopyriEht. 1877
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
ny HARVEY e. FISK.
Bankers Trust Co., New York.


four mos s-,;a is the second Of series Of
The hrsf article. f;our National Debt"
ne ss pssished On Seyemser 20 sxn. The
mai s sas for Srs snd
Structure = for February 10.
The revenue receipts of the United
States Government in the eight years
which have elapsed since the peace
treaty was signed at Versailles have
been substantially as great as were
such receipts for the 1870 years stretch
ing back from that date TO the in
auguration of Washington as our first
President in 1883. To be exact, the
revenue receipts of the past eight
years were $s6.2s7 100000, and of
the preceding 100 years they were
$S6.si5. 900 900.
In the past eight years the Govern
ment at Washington has borrowed no
money except for refunding purposes
or for temporary financing. On the
contrary, during this time there has
been a net reduction in the public debt
of over $4,000 .000. 900. In the two
wears. of the Great War the Govern
ment borrowed net sum of So 500 ,000,-
600, and i'm the 1913 years prior to the
war a net sum of $2.971 900 900. Bring.
Ing these figures of borrowing into the
picture. we find that the receipts OF
the Federal Treasury from all sources
amounted to just under $50, 000, 900 900
for the 12S years preceding the World
War. to So, 400, 100000 for the two
years of the war and to $4,000. 000, 900
for the past eight years.
Light Until Civil War.
Until the time of the Civil w
Federal taxation was very r.e. 1t
was scarcely felt by -.-~people be.
cause 1t was ---.rect. being levied
chiefly ~sse~form of customs duties.
TL-s-vper capita burden of taxation
during these years averaged well
under 50. Federal taxes actually and
per capita during the early years of
the Civil War were not heavy because
II took some time for the new imposts
To become effective. For the fiscal
years 1862 to 1865 thy averaged only
S4.e5 per capita, beg ming at $1.55 in
1862. rising to $3.s4 in 1863 and to
1924 in 1864, while in 1865 the2
often happens after war, a new
high level of taxation was then
reached and the low average of pre-
Civil War days never again obtained.
In the year following the close of the
Civil War. Federal taxes rose to $13.S5
per capita. the highest point ever
reached In the history of the Nation
up to that time. In 1918, the first full
year OF the Great War. taxes were
S37.S2 per capita. The highest point
that the Federal taxes ever reached
was $3.50 per capita in 1920. For the
past five years they have averaged
$29.11 per capita.
1t Is fact that taxes in any coun.
try after reaching a new high level
because OF the exigencies of war rare
~ or never recede to the pre-war
level. This fact is visualized, in the
following table giving in millions of
dollars the average annual tax re-
ceipts of the Federal Government for
alternate periods of peace and war.
AVERAGE ANNUAL TAX RECEIPTS OF
ALTERNATE : PE 81: i s z 81 + = PEAc Ton
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
Income Tax Proves Value.

There Is not space here to discuss
the merits of various forms of taxation
or how they affect the welfare of the
people, but there can be no question
that the income tax has proved
its value as a flexible source of Gov.
eminent revenues. and doubtless there
are few people today who would ques
ton it's business or the desirability of
retaining it as the backbone Of Federal
income. On the other hand. the Gus
toms duties, considered solely as
source of revenue-quite apart from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

Raspberry production in the United
States has shown a steady decline
during the past 80 years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

an annual license tax. At the same
time customs duties were raised to the
limit, inheritances were taxed. cheques
and other documents were subjected
to stamp taxes and nuisance taxes Of
various kinds were imposed.
Demand for Reduction.
AS we have seen, so long as the war
lasted the public bore without muir
muir these heavy and multifarious
taxes. but once it was over "A strong
demand arose for a reduction In tax.
alton and a simplification of taxing
methods. However. several years
elapsed before the flow of money into
the Treasury could be stopped. Tax
receipts, which for years prior to the
war had averaged under $50 600, 900
year. rose to SOS, 900 900 in the fiscal
year 1863, to $296, 200, 600 in 1865 and to
S491 .00O, 900 in 1866, and thereafter for
30 years, as matter of fact, never
fell under $500, 000,0 900 to $3.50, 100000
except for a brief period following the
crash of September, 1878. and even
then they averaged well above $3.50.
00O, 900 However, the nature of the
taxation radically changed. BY 1873
the direct tax the inheritance tax and
the income tax had disappeared. while
the internal revenue poStS-eXcise
taxes chiefiy-had been greatly simpli-
fed.
On the other hand. the war tariff.
though from time to time patched.
amended or revised, not only remained
in force in it's important provisions
for nearly 20 years, but became in
time the basis for an even more strin-
gent application of protection. There
after various changes were made in
the tariff, but none of them affected
the flow of revenue into the Treasury
until the revision downward made in
President Cleyeland's second term
uS93-1S97). which cut down receipts
from customs for the four years by
about % per cent. To offset the eX-
pected reduction in customs duties
Congress in the tariff act of 1894 in
cluded a provision for a tax Of 2 per
cent on incomes above $4,000. The
latter tax was objected to as inquisi-
torial. undemocratic and uncOnstitu-
tional. and as the Supreme Court up.
held the last proposition by a tive-to-
four vote, it had to he abandoned.
1t was not until the beginning Of
President Wilson's first administration
in 1913, after the legalization of such
action by the ratification of the six
teenth amendment to the Constitution
i In February of that year, that the
| taxation of incomes was finally intro
duced as part of our taxing policy.
| This happened Just in the fullness of
time. for without the income tax the
great drain upon the financial re-
sources of the country made necessary
| by the Great War could hardly have
been met.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

their traditional use also as a means of
equalizing foreign and domestic trade
and internal excise duties laid on
moderate number of commodities and
businesses help to distribute the bur.
den over the entire body OF citizens.
AS Secretary Mellon has pointed out,
the income tax reaches only 20 per
cent of our people: therefore it seems
fair to him that the remaining 91.S
per cent should. through the means of
Indirect taxation, carry part of the
burden of Federal taxation. Til.
point of view seems to be eminently
fair. However, 1T should be borne in
mind that, directly or indirectly, every
one of us In bearing a part of the in
creasingly heavy burden of State and
local taxes. State and municipal taxes,
which are increasing from year to
year, bear heavily upon real estate and
thus affect It's rental values, raising
the cost of housing and the rents of
business establishments, small and
great. This leads to higher cost of
living, and so, in one way or another,
the tax burden finds its way into every
home, while the Federal tariff and ex
else taxes also, directly or indirectly,
affect the cost of living of every one.
While the people of the United States
since the war have been paying out
more money in taxes than ever before
In their history, yet our tax burden is
infinitely lighter than that of the peo-
pies of Europe. 1t takes less than a
tenth of our national income to meet
the heavy taxes-national. State and
local--which we are now paying,
whereas the German people are com
PEELED to hand over to their governing
authorities nearly fifth of their in
come; the Belgian. French and Italian
peoples over fifth and the British
people almost a quarter. SO. relative
ly. our tax burden is much lighter
than that of these European peoples,
az shown by the following table:
Comparison of Taxes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

tive tariff the country had ever known.
Such a tariff under some conditions
might have resulted in lowering of
the revenue from cutoms, but the
great prosperity of the country has
not only provided market for great
volume of homemade goods, but for
many foreign goods, luxuries and
semiluxuries. and therefore the GUS
toms revenues have averaged nearly
twice what they were during the Will
sonian period. However, rs compared
with the income from other sources
they have been relatively unimpor-
tant. Internal revenues, nOtwith-
standing practically an entire loss of
revenue from alcoholic beverages
since 1920, have since 1913 provided
Il much larger part of the national
revenues than have come from Gus
toms, while the income tax in its va
rious forms has outdistanced both in
Importance. During the four years
of President Wilson'S second term,
the two war years and their after
math, the income tax. and the inherit.
ance and the corporation taX--the So
called direct taxes, provided over 70
per cent of the Federal tax revenues
and customs and internal revenue
taxes provided about 80 per cent.
Since then the ratio has been about
as 60 to 40.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
Customs Duty Policy.

When President Mckinley was in
augurated in 1897 customs duties were
again raised and remained the chief
source of income to the Government
until President Wilson entered the
White House in 1913. The Importance
of the tariff on imports as source of
revenue. relatively to other sources of
revenue, diminished greatly from that
time, not so much because of revi-
sion in rates and the methods of their
imposition as because of the fact that
the war entirely dislocated our foreign
trade. AS Prof. Taussig. our leading
authority on the tariff. has well said,
"the war of 1914-1S turned everything
topsy.turvy. To American manufac-
turing industries it served as protec-
ton more effective than any tar..f
legislation could possibly be-" The
change of administration in 1921
brought once more into power the ad-
vocates of high protection, with the
corresponding upward revision in
rates resulting in the highest protec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

RESORTS.
CAPE NAY COUNTY. y. J.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

MOVING. PACKING 4 STORAGE.
STORAGE FOR FURNTTURE AND PIANOS
Main 1889 Main 0H39
Observation-Disclosures
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18

RESORTS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
InOWH Uy IIIS IUIIUW IIIS tdUIt'
Comparison of Taxes.
National

NATIONAL INCOME AND TAXES OF GER
TATN COUNTRIES FOR FISCAL YEAR
1925 OR 1926-1921.
fin dollars 900 600 omitted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-18
Duties and Excise Taxes.

Duties and Excise Taxes.
Customs duties and excise taxes
were the only forms of taxation au.
thorized by Congress and were the
only forms used for the collection Of
revenue for the Federal Government
from its foundation until the time of
the Civil War, with one exception, and