davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

He would not have to sprinkle" so
much il he would properly prepare
the soil, but few amateurs are willing
to go to the trouble and expense which
this involves.
In our gardening experience we
have seen but one man properly pre-
pare his garden by digging up the
whole yard to a depth of two feet
and putting in garden loan, incor-
porating a. certain proportion OF well
rotted manure.
Such a soil gives plants more Of d
chance and does not require SO much
watering as does a sandy soil, which
dries out too quickly, or a thick clay
one, which remains too soggy.
There is happy mean in gardening
as in most other things. This one
of watering is perhaps the most diff.
cult. A light sprinkle" is worse than
none at all, almost; but how often
shall one water?
This is question which only expe-
rience answers for each gardener. IL
one is not willing to accept the signs
of drying grass as plea for water
on the part of the lawn, then expert
ence teaches him nothing.
This is one of the queer things
about life-that experience seems to
teach some people exactly nothing at
all. They look, they see, but they do
not profit.
Sunshine is a necessity, water is a
necessity; what about fertilizer?
For a prosperous garden, in the
sense of fresh green foliage and
bright flowers, fertilizer is as neces-
sary as sunshine and water.
Only a few persons worry about the
sunlight, such as our unhappy cor
respondent, but many more should
be concerned over watering and fer
tilizing, especially the latter. If one
is lucky his plants will get watered
by the rains, but no kindly nature
is going to fertilize his garden for
him. He must do that for himself
strictly at his own expense.
1t took the agriculture Of this coun-
try many, many years to get wise
to the fact that one cannot be taking
out of the soil year after year with
out putting something back in again.
Home gardeners by the thousands
vet have to learn this lesson. Do they
think that farmers would spend mil
lions of dollars annually for nitrates
and other fertilizers if they did not
have to?
Results with farmer are a neces-
sity if he is to live. With home
gardeners only pleasure Is involved
and certain amount of pride, since
most people like to accomplish what
they set out to Go.
A surprisingly large amount of fer
tilizing elements is needed too. Those
bright leaves and gorgeous flowers
are not evolved solely out of thin air
or intangible sunbeams.
Plants are earthly creatures, feed
ing on simple elements. Here again
there is a dividing line. One must
fertilize, but not overfertilize. For
most persons the mean" is more
easily found than it sounds, since per-
haps not one out of thousand home
gardeners is in any danger whatso-
ever of putting too much fertilizer on
his grass or in his borders.
What seems to him an enormous
amount of fertilizer still will be short
of plant requirements. Sunshine,
water, fertilizer-these are the big 3
of plant life, and the gardener must
not be afraid of them. They are the
friends of every tiny seed, of every
budding plant, of every owner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22

Yesterday during the convention in
Oakland, Calf, of the National FEEDER
alton of Business and Professional
Women's Clubs, resolution was pre-
scented by a woman lawyer of Illinois
asking that an appeal be made to Con-
gress to increase the exemption on in
come tax for unmarried persons. The
author of the resolution states that
the purpose of the proposal is to help
the single woman to support family.
Undoubtedly when the various in
tricacies of income tax legislation were
being given careful thought the mat
ter Of the domestic status of unmar-
ried persons in business and the pro-
LESSONS was not given sufficient con-
sideration. And yet there would seem
to be no warrant for the assumption
that an unmarried man or woman is
free from family responsibilities.
The resolution presented in Oakland
now brings to the foreground situa-
ton which merits prompt remedial
action. While the proposal has been
made before an organization of wom-
en-, its purpose is to relieve condi-
ton which is unquestionably unfair
to all unmarried persons, whether men
or women, who are earning taxable in
comes.
1t is pointed out that IS per cent of
fLA ,,o,,1, ,-r;ed J,,,SiuaSo u,a,,,np II, tho
United States are supporting one or
both parents or other members of their
families. In many cases the respon.
sibilities are much heavier than are
those of married man, and yet the
personal exemption privilege accorded
a man who has perhaps only his wife
to maintain is greater than that al
lowed an unmarried woman who may
be the sole support Of large family.
Assuredly there Is no logical reason
why the single woman who is earning
4 livelihood for herself and two depend
ent parents should not be granted the
same personal exemption on income
tax which is enjoyed by the man who
is supporting his wife and his mother.
in-law.
The almost countless thousands Of
single women employed in gainful oc.
equations in this country are SO en-
gagged because of necessity. Sheer
need, however, to keep the family pro-
vided for is not the whole of it. Won.
en- have won an honorable place for
themselves in the business world. To-
day their services are being sought
and are becoming more highly valued
each year. They have successfully
entered all fields Of endeavor, save a
mere handful of occupations which are
exclusively the provinces of men, and
the results have proved the creation
Of an undeniably wholesome influence.
Membership in the organization now
in session in Oakland numbers over
forty-seven thousand. Many other
thousands are identified with bodies
Of business and professional women
bearing less descriptive titles. And
there are still other thousands not af-
filiated with any organization.
To deny the unmarried women in
this great army Of breadwinners, sew
enty-five per cent of whom are the un.
recognized heads of dependent fami.
lies, the same income tax exemption
privileges which are extended to the
recognized male heads of families is
a discrimination as unfair and as I'm.
warranted as it is illogical.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22

pie, and whereas this Legislature
desires to provide an enduring me-
mortal Of her residence in South Da-
kota, therefore be 1t resolved that
the pure and beautiful mountain
stream flowing down from Harvey
Range to blend it's waters in Battle
Creek be hereby named Grace Cool
idge Creek"
Charles C. McChord. who quit the
Interstate Commerce Commission IL
months ago to engage in private law
practice after 10 years service on
the commission, and who was recent
ly engaged to head the legal staff of
the Van Sweringen interests in con-
nection with their railroad merger
petition, is an example Of what 1t
costs an able man to work for Uncle
Sam. Mr.. McChord is quoted as hav-
ing told his friends that his profess
sional income during the first IL
months following his resignation
from the commission was more than
his entire Government salary during
his 10 years. service, and that salary
was $4,000 year.
y y X r
Vermont has lost it's laurels as the
greatest maple sugar State in the
Union, and, according to the United
States Tariff Commission, New York,
with production of 1912 900 pounds
Of sugar and sirup last year, outranks
Vermont with 9,442 900 pounds. Both
sugar centers want the tariff on maple
strip lowered. This is reversal of
the usual order of events, for the
American producer is usually clamor-
ing for an increase in duty on i'm
ports. A petition for a reduction in
the strip tariff has been filed and
hearings before the commission sched-
uled for the near future. The maple
strip factories in Vermont and New
York not only take the entire local
output of maple sap, but also import
large quantities from Canada to sup
ply the demands of the American mar
ket. Canada and the United States
together produce virtually the entire
worlds supply, with Canada outrank-
ing us by wide margin. The pres.
ent tariff rate is cents a pound on
both maple strip and maple sugar. A
gallon of strip weighs IL ponds. but
its sugar content is only 8 pounds.
"Why pay for water shrinkage?" Is
the plea Of the sugar men.
X v X X
Chronicling what it labels "signifi-
cant steps in prohibition develop
ment," and in an effort to refute the
charge that national prohibition was
put over" on this country suddenly.
the clip sheet of the Methodist Board
Of Temperance and Morals records
that the first significant step in pro-
hibition in America transpired in the
year 1645, when the Connecticut col
ony prohibited the selling of alcoholic
spirits to the Indians.
copyright. 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
Italian Drink Problem.

Drunkenness is increasing in Italy.
The effects are beginning to show.
MuSsolini has now closed $4,000 bars
or wine shops; but he is not content
and intends to withdraw licenses from
large number of others. 1t is true
that the number of deaths from alco'
holism is small--there were 1915 in
1925-but that figure Is more than
double the number of 1922. The chiei
difficulty that faces the Fascist gov
eminent is that, although the export
trade in Italian wines is small com
pared to that of France, there is one
third as much again more land de-
voted to the cultivation of grapes for
wines in Italy than in France or
Spain. Wine is abundant and cheap,
and the economic prosperity OF the
country has led to excessive drinking,
and drunkenness in the streets OF the
large towns is now a common sight,
whereas it was extremely rare 10
years ago. Signor Mussolini called the
attention Of the country to these facts
in his last speech. He made 1t plain.
at the same time. that he is not in
favor of abstinence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
PHILOSOPHERS
GLENN FRANK

have done my share, think, of
lifting the recruiting trumpet in call
for more creative statesmen, men with
greater insight and greater inven'
tiveness, men with greater clarity of
purpose and greater courage of pro-
cedure.
The supply of statesmanlike genius
always falls short of society's demand.
And / suspect that our greatest need
is not for greater official statesmen as
much as it is for greater unofficial
statesmen.
l have just come upon this bitterly
brilliant etching of the soul of our
time. 1t comes from the incisive pen
of Guglielmo FerrerC, Italian historian
and philosopher.
There may have been epochs more
uncouth, poorer and more ignorant
than our own; but they knew what
they wanted
"A sure will directed them.
I'VE are led astray by Convulsive
dispersion of our will, which is as
piring to contradictory things.
What do we want?
THAT Is the essential question.
Every man and every epoch should
keep this question constantly before
lISttiy just DIS d lamp 10 hcpL bdL AAlhS
day and night in dark places.
ON the contrary, our will is in
state of complete confusion.
Sometimes it is split in twain, at
once DESTROYS of benefits that are
mutually exclusive"
Ferrero might have been speaking of
the contradictory America of 1927
when he wrote these lines; we are
confused folk, as l have said before in
this column; we do not know whether
to follow the ideals of ruralism or the
ideals of urbanism; the ideals of in
dividualism or the ideals of COLLECTIVE
ism; the ideals of localism or the ideals
of centralism; the ideals of democracy
or the ideals of dictatorship.
Official statesmen, hemmed in by
the demands of caution and compro-
mise that the holding of public Office
involves, rarely bring clarity to such
confused time.
We need a growing group Of un-
official statesmen in America who, un-
embarrassed by the back-patting and
brow-beating necessities of officehold-
ing, will help us think through our
Commissions, men who will rise to the
dignity of political, social, and eco
nomic philosophers-men whose heads
are above the battle of politics and
whose feet are firmly planted on the
soil and among the grass-roots of our
common life.
Tomorrow I shall try to paint a pic
ture of this unofficial statesman.
copyright 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.

whose decision shall be executed in
good faith. The treaty is to be of 10
years duration, and Is not to affect in
any way the rights and obligations Of
the contracting powers as members OF
the League of Nations.
O. What house in Frankfort. KY, .
was designed by Thomas Jefferson?
&C. X
A. Liberty Hall was designed by
Thomas jefferson for his friend, John
Brown, the first Representative from
the Kentucky district" Of Virginia
and first Senator from Kentucky
This house was built in 1895 and is
still occupied by the family.
O. When were the Botanic. Gardens
started? When was w. d. Bracken.
ridge the superintendent?-R. w.
A. The Botanic Gardens in Washing
ton were authorized by the act of Con
gress dated May s. 1920. Before 1900
the Botanic Gardens consisted of a
small garden in the Patent Office
grounds. The first real superintend.
ent of the Botanic Gardens was VII.
liam II. Smith. William ID. BraCken-
ridge was an overseer at the Botanic
Gardens before the gardens were COM
pletely finished. He supervised the
work from 1S43 to 1852.
O. In what year was the number Of
balls necessary to take ones base de-
creased from five to four? In what
year was the rule adopted permitting
the base runner to advance on a fly
caught in the outfield? In what year
was the infield fly rule adopted
w. F. L.
A. The Base Ball Magazine SAYS that
nf tn &oIr
| ones base was decreased FROM FIVE to
| four in 1889. The infield fly rule was
| adopted in 1895. In 1920 the rule was
amended to read to the effect that the
| instant a fly ball touched the fielder's
| hands the runner on base was per-
mitted to advance. at his own risk, OF
| course. This was so specified to pre-
vent a fielder from juggling a ball
and running in at the same time.
| thereby holding a runner on base.
| As far as a rule permitting runner
to advance on ball caught by an out
! fielder. we cannot find any origin for
same. In other words. there has been
no ruling as far back as 1872 In the
rules that says a player may not do
so. 1t might he called. in a way. a
negative permission.
Q. What Is a rain crow?-J. q. y.
A. The rain crow is an American
tree-cuckoo genus Coccyzus), espe.
cially the yellow-billed cuckoo C.
Americanus). 1t is supposed to fore.
tell rain by it's mournful cry.
Q. Is it true that the Government
| gives away buffaloes?-B. X.
I A. The Biological Survey. Depart
ment Of Agriculture. is authorized to
| present one buffalo to State or munich.
pal parks. The animals are sold to
| individuals and organizations.
What do you need to Enoup Is
there some point about your business
or personal life that puz<leS BOu? IL
there something you 1rdnt to knoD
Without delay? Submit your question
to Frederic j. HGSkir. director o.; our
| Washington Information bureau. He
is employed to help you. Address your
| inquiry to The Evening Star Inforntn-
| ton Bureau. Frederic J. Hdskin, dircc.
tor. Washington. d. C.. and inclose Z
cents in stamps for return postage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
Request for Signals From a Planet.

Members of the French Academy
If Science, after more than thirty five
years elaboration, are still attempt
ing to solve the problem of the most
difficult prize they have ever been
called on to award. The prize and its
terms were contained in the will of
Nine. Clara GuZman, wealthy
widow, who died in a convent in Pau,
France. The will, when filed for pro-
bate in 1891, was found to contain
the following paragraph: Il leave to
the Academy of Science of the Insti-
tute of France $4,000 for the founda-
ton of a prize to bear the name of
my son Pierre, this prize to be award
ed, without distinction of nationality,
to the first scientist who will succeed
in communicating with a heavenly
body-that is, send signal to a
heavenly body and receive a reply to
this signal. / exclude the planet of
Mars. AS long as cOmmunica-
ton with planet is not established,
interest on the capital will be per-
mitted to accumulate for five years
and will constitute a prize to be
awarded to the scientist, French or
foreign, who will have made the most
important contribution to a more in
innate knowledge of the planets of
our solar system, either In regard to
their nature, or in regard to their re-
lations with the EARTH" The secre-
tary of the academy, commenting on
the position, says: There has never
been prize In existence claimed by
so many people. 1t Is astonishing
how many have communicated with
Jupiter and Venus and Saturn. We
have thousands of letters from all
parts of the world. Only one claim
ant ever presented even a plausible
plan. He was a Bulgarian soldier
who had fought in France. He did
not present an accomplished fact, but
submitted a scheme whereby commu-
nication might be established with
one of the planets, and asked us to
help him to obtain the necessary
financial backing. The plan was to
obtain large tract of land, perhaps
a mile or two square, and to install a
powerful lighting system there with
millions of bulbs, all of which would
be lighted simultaneously and be Wis
ible to an observer on another planet.
We abstained from participation.
doubt whether the award will ever be
made. certainly not in our time"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22
UNITED STATES
in WORLD WAR
Ten Years Ago Today

Congress is requested to make an
appropriation of $7,500,000 to increase
the capacity of the Washington Navy
Yard, where all the big naval guns are
to be finished and assembled.
Third Red Cross commission to Eu'
rope will go to Rumania to study con.
ditions and administer relief.
Fight on Food Administration bill in
conference committee, with House
leaders refusing to accept changes
made by Senate. "Dry" opposition Is
aroused, and it Is rumored that Presi-
dent Wilson will reject plan for control
board of three in place of Herbert
Hoover. Possibility of long delay in
passing the bill. Secretary Dan
iels defends George Creel's story Of re-
cent sea fight and thinks July Fourth
rejoicing was warranted even if the
description of transport attack was
flowery. 4" Motorists urged to save
gasoline to provide Government with
the oil necessary to a successful prose
cution Of the war. British liner
Demerara sunk by German U-boat.
Had been hunted by Germans for two
years because she sunk a submarine.
Mutiny in Russian army is
spreading and Kerensky hurries to the
front,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22

The same considerations which
would make the McNary- Haugen
bill an asset in Minnesota might turn
1t into a serious liability in New
York" says the Buffalo Evening
News (Republican). which asserts
that "as a national political issue, it
would be likely to repeat the history
of the free-silver proposition. which
1t resembles in principle and in the
character of the influences and argu-
ments urged in it's behalf"
The Richmond News-Leader (inde-
pendent Democratic) advises that IF
Coolidge can devise a clever substi.
tute, it will save his face and may
save his hide" The possibility Of
turning to the tariff for assistance, as
the McNary bill has been repeatedly
demonstrated as unsound." is sug-
gested by the Flint Daily Journal Gn-
dependent), which believes that the
farmer should have IAN even break
with the rest
The Kansas City Journal Republi.
CAM believes that "our farm relief
planners should study the foreign sit
uat1on." The Fort Wayne News
Sentinel Republican) observes that
the Government already has extend
ed generous assistance" and records
that President Coolidge has. in un.
equivocal terms, expressed his desire
and his determination to do more, so
soon as there can be agreement
among the farmers themselves upon
plan that is consonant with those
economic principles essential to ulti-
mate benefit"
Little of the stern temper found
rahn1C
far is seen in the conference by the
Asheville Times independent Demo-
cratic), while the Newark Evening
News independently contends that the
farm bill supporters "can no more de-
liver those forty million votes than the
American Federation of Labor can de-
liver its three and half million
for any man or policy" The Phila-
delphia Evening Bulletin independent
Republican, says that "Haugenism
seems destined to go the way of the
various populist nostrums of the
past" and the Providence Bulletin
independently holds that what the
country will not stand for under any
circumstances is President or
presidential candidate who is willing
to sacrifice the principles of good gov
eminent and sound economics in
order to win votes in the Middle West
or Northwest
The Duluth Herald independent
Republican, makes the statement re-
garding the st. Paul. conference that
almost nowhere did it appear that
farmers were doing any of the talk
ing" That paper also denies the pos.
sibility of passing the bill over the
Presidents veto. The Schenectady
Gazette independent Democratic).
however. states that ut is evident.
from sentiments expressed at st. Paul.
that farm-relief is to be kept before
the people as a major problem"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-07-22

favor reputation Of the remuneration.
Her influence In the matter would
undoubtedly be potent.
Prince Carol-to give him his Off.
cial title, although it was said that
he has since his fathers death de-
clared that he now calls himself
Majesty"-has asked for permission
to return to Rumania to attend Ferdi-
hands funeral. This permission has
not been granted. It is furthest from
the wishes of the government factors
in Rumania that he should be present
on the occasion. BY the terms OF the
Kings will Carol receives a fortune
which Is estimated at about 100000.
Under Rumanian law he could not be
disinherited. Ferdinand changed his
will shortly before his death and gave
expression to the great sorrow he felt
at the conduct Of his son and empha-
sized the fact that the announcement
of tho succession had been voluntary
on Carols part. This letter Of the
mig, written 10 1TeHtieE bi dttahO
only a few days ago, will doubtless be
a material factor in the matter of
Carols aspirations. The fact that it
has been published III today's dis
patches may be regarded as evidence
that the Bratiano regime is seeking to
head off a reaction in favor of Carol.
The return of Carol to Rumania
would doubtless be the precipitating
cause of a revolution. 1t is therefore
likely that the influence Of the powers
will be brought to bear to prevent
such a happening, which might lead
to incalculahle troubles in the region
where Europe's greatest ills have been
brewed