davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1927-06-12
Home Planning and Building.

The Architectural Forum. Small
House Reference Number. WIN.
Ar26s.
Architects Small House Service Blu.
reau of the United States, Inc.
Home Builders Library. VIM
Ar25ho.
California Redwood Association
Plans for, Redwood Week End
Homes. WIM-C1244p.
Hubbell. l.. f., ed. The Book of Lit.
tie Houses. WIM-HS62.
Newcomb. Rexford. The Spanish
House for America. WIN -N436s.
Ohio Association of Retail Lumber
Dealers. Homes of Beauty. WIN.
Obs.
Power, f. r. The Smaller American
House. WIM-P873s.
Preusch. A. F. Suggestions for Your
Future Home. WIM-P92Ss.
Science.
Bond. F. c. Problem Course in Chem
istry. LO-B643p.
Evening star., 1927-06-12

etc. Illustrated. New York; Min
ton, Balch & Co.
BY Phyllis Austin. New
York: Dufiield & Co.
Evening star., 1927-06-12
Commerce and Business.

Cooperative Apartment Association
of Chicago. Organizing, Selling
and Operating Cooperative Apart
ment Houses. 1924. HkJ.C78.
Lockley l.. c. Principles of Effective
Letter Writing. HKCLS15p.
Strumpf. Harold. Problems in Office
Practice and Business Style. 1922.
HK-1StS8
Evening star., 1927-06-12
HEAT TURNS PAINT.

Red Becomes Black at $50 Degrees.
Engineer Says.
Core spondence of The Star.
PITTSBURGH.-A engineer of the
Westinghouse company has invented
red paint which turns black at a
temperature of $50 degrees Fahren.
heit. The paint is for use near bear
ings and other parts of machinery
which sometimes run hot to the det-
riment of equipment.
AS the metal cools down the black
paint becomes red again.
Evening star., 1927-06-12

6eitealogv: If interested in yoN
++++++++++ family History. ous
priced Catalogue listing nearly 5000
genealogical books for sale BY US Wilt
be mailed to you for roe. in stamps. =
COODsPEED'S BOOK-SHOP
O Ashburton Place. Boston. Mass.
Evening star., 1927-06-12

There hiss Of rubber on pavement.
There S a flash Of gay color at driver left.
And someone else has watched REQ Fly
ing Cloud roll by. Someone else is seeing
the jaunty ship that marks Flying Clouds
tire cover grow smaller and smaller as some
one else is seeing the finest, fastest models
of Americas 5 longest lasting car show its
stern to traffic.
As the swiftly increasing thousands of these
new Reos reach eager buyers hands. other
motorists are learning the folly of matching
their cars against a Flying Cloud.
They have waited beside one for the &c"
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
Fascism CrippIes Farmer CO-Ops.

EDITORS NOTE-This is the
fourth of six articles on European
agriculture written for The Fed
Grated Press by John B. ChappIe,
managing editor Ashland Daily
Press, who recently studied the
situation of the farmer across the
Atlantic.)
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

the pools during the crop year 1924-25 and ap-
proximately 212,OOO,OOO bushels the following
year. 1t is stated that 15 100000 acres out of the
100000 acres of wheat in western Canada are
under contract to the provincial pools. The
membership now exceeds $4,000, which is ap-
proximately Sc per cent of the total number of
farmers in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatche-
wan and Alberta"
Jardine called attention to the fact that the
Canadian pools have acquired more than 700
country elevators and terminal elevators at Port
Arthur, Fort William and Buffalo on the great
lakes and at Vancouver and Prince Rupert on the
Pacific They maintain export offices at New
York, Montreal and Vancouver and sales offices
at Toronto, Ontario, and Paris France, with agen-
cy connections in all principal importing countries.
Jardine said there were some 1000 cooperative
elevators and statewide wheat marketing asso-
Citations in the United States but that no single
cooperative organization controls as much as 2
per cent of the wheat produced in the country The
first step in the problem of grain marketing in
this country he said, must be some central struc-
ture to coordinate the cooperative associations now
marketing grain.
The Importance Of this discussion to the Ameri-
can farmer is emphasized by the department of
agriculture announcement that farm prices on
April Is reached the lowest level in years. On
that date they averaged only % per cent above
the prewar level, compared with &c per cent above
prewar in March and 40 per cent above prewar
on April Is, 1926. The decline has hit every mai
or group of farm products except dairy and poul-
try products. Taking the averages for the peri
cd August, 1909, to July, 1914, as 100 per cent,
the department shows the level of farm prices in
per centage figures as follows:
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
THE RISING TIDE OF POWER

senator Walsh is sending out a booklet, under
government frank, containing a speech he deliver
ed in congress on Public Utilities" The speech
contains the names of innumerable power compa-
MES which have formed giant mergers during the
past few years. He shows how these companies
have issued stocks, bonds and debehtures to the
investing public Gin sums staggering to the amount
absorbed"
But the Senator never once named the Montana
Power Company Yet the Montana Power Com
pany has been issuing stock in Montana by the
bale We are not criticizing the stock of Mon
tana Power-as a matter of fact it is amongst
the best the capitalist investment market; nor
are we finding fault with the Judgment of the
able managers of the Power Company for unload
ing much stock in Montana-it is good political
strategy in face of a possible public demand fol-
an equitable tax on Hydro-electric Power.
But Senator Walsh would give the impression
that he is against such sales of stock and giant
mergers. If he is why does he not attack the
Montana Power Company and the methods used by
it to get possession of the water power of the
state? People still remember the service Walsh
rendered the Power Company in attempting to
grab the Yellowstone Project. No wonder Walsh
is as dumb on the Montana Power as Wheeler is
on the Anaconda
30 frequently does Lne elecCrlc ugnC ana power
industry turn to its customers for capital that
may well ask, why not operate the utilities
as giant consumer cooperatives? Such reorganiza-
ton would transform the exorbitant profits of
utility holding companies into power rates to
sumers. Some holding companies are making as
high 40 per cent on the par value of their COM
mon stock. 1t would eliminate much manipulation
from municipal, state and national politics.
The tremendous Importance of this industry in
the national economy is revealed in Wall Street
Journal figures showing that its new financing in
1926 absorbed $1,39OOOOO0O or more than 25 per
cent of all the capital floated in the Ameri-
money Market and that its total capitaliza-
ton amounts to $7,5OO,OOO,OOO. This huge
figure marks expansion of SO per cent since
1920 The next decade will need $4,000 900 in
capital and the Wall Street Journal estimates
that customers will furnish more than a third of
this huge sum.
The journal shows for each year since 1914 the
number Of additional companies adopting so-called
customer ownership, the number of stockholders
obtained and the number of shares sold on this
basis, as follows:
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

I'm addition to this total of approximately ST.
OOO,OOOOOO," says the Journal Securities other
than stocks to the amount of S5945O67O were
sold under the customer ownership plan in the
above period" In 1926 customers furnished about
S25O,OOO,OOO of new capital
The advantages of this plan to the companies
are Improvement in public relations and low cost
OF financing. In view of this the Wall Street Jour-
nal suggestion that the term customer owner
shlp" IS mlsnomer is interesting. 1t says:
When the idea of selling utility securities to
the local customer was originally conceived. the
term customer ownership was an ant description
But IN the evolution of the industry and coincident
with the growth of this method of financing came
the development of the great holding companies
with the consequent transfer of direct ownership
and control Customer ownership may therefore
De mlsnomer in the sense that in manv instances
ownership of the security bought under the plan
does not carry any voice in the conduct of the
company's affairs, but represents only limited
ownership up to the par or dissolution value Of
the security sold"
The only real customer ownership is bv CON
sumner cooperation. In the case of the giant
utilities this can only mean government owner
ship.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

are now settled by court which is
called impartial. The court consists
of three magistrates acceptable to
fascism and two citizens specially ap-
pointed on each occasion by the presi-
dent of the court, which means that
the peasant and the farm worker
usually lose.
The state announces it is "substi-
tuting state justice for the class
struggle" but its distinction between
fascist unions of employers and of
employees is a frank admission that
it comprehends the reality of the
struggle. Villari, prominent fascist
and member of the Italian foreign
office, declares "the fascist govern
ment re-establishes private enterprise
in agriculture"
The most recent figures released
by the fascist government show the
population increasing by 100000 a
year. Production of wheat is far be-
low what is consumed, and as a re-
suit campaign to bring it up is in
progress. Mussolini has called it La
battaglia del grano-the battles of
wheat-and bonuses and prizes for
increased production, introduction of
machinery, fertilizers and other i'm
provements are offered.
Great pressure has been brought
upon the Italian people to subscribe
to a loan which the government homes
Will give 1t breathering spell during
which the fascist system can estab-
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
WIRE COOLIDGE GLANDS OFF
CHINAp'

WIN wild acclaim and unanimous assent til,
crowded Hands-Off- China mass MEETING in tb.
Ashland auditorium in Chicago, May 9Th ordered
the following telegram sent to President COOLIDGE
This mass meeting of 5000 Chicago citi-
zens having listened to addresses on the stu
alton IN China by Jane Addams DR.. John A
Lapp and others, together with messages
from Clarence Darrow and Pres. John Fitz
patrick OF the Chicago Federation of Labor
urgently requests that you
Il. Withdraw all American armed forces
from China
y. Direct the state department To use no
other kinds of pressure in anv attemnt f.
favor one Chinese group and that Won
- Proclaim to the world that the nolicy
of the American government is 70 ;n+or,,oo,
IN no manner in the attempt of the Chinese
people to work out their destiny and that Won
are ready to recognize whatever government
Cne Chmese people choose to establish in
power. (Signed) Carl Haesser, chairman"
Immense enthusiasm greeted the clear ano
1oreceful speech of Chao-Ting Chi of the Chicago
huomntang. China" he exclaimed. "marche,
toward freedom at the head of the oppressed neo.
pies OF the east. India Korea, the PHILIPPINES and
Che Negro races will follow in revolt against i'm
penalist tyranny. The Chinese liberation move.
ment IS mass struggle of the awakening work
ers and peasants against both foreign and native
oppressors."
The rebel spirit of India was expressed nv
Haridas Muzumdar. ~
Margaret Haley of the Chicago Teachers Fed
Grafton spoke wittily and uncompron,isinoI,,
against British and American imperialism and for
Che Chnese cause. Manuel Gomez of the All
America Antl-lmperialist league outlined the re-
laClons Oh the western imperialism and their
common hostility ty the Chinese Nationalist move
ment and the Soviet Union
Clarence barrow, unable to appear in nerson
sent the following message:
i believe that every people in the world should
NC lelV Tree TO work out its own problems The
modern western world with its Nordic conceit hoe
us own courts in China and the east
sinipiy because 1t had the power AS well might
C,ie eastern world establish their own courts in
- 0"' Dil'all' ana America. The American gun
Ooats nave no business in Chinese river.
Inc Anglo-Saxon people who invest in foreign
0oiuS snould take their chances in collecting for
eign loans and investments, as other countries
'%Ae Cnelr chances here. The missionaries sbould
claim no special privileges.
mere is no possible excuse for the wes+o,0
world TO interfere with China and the An,or;oo,
people DO not believe in any such policy. (Sionedn
Clarence barrow"
'onn Fitzpatrick, serving with barrow on the
,Olnn''ee put likewise unable to be present. asked
'nat tne following message from him be read f.
he mass meeting: eau %
gladly express the sympathy of the CbicaOo
Ieuerauon OF Labor and of Chicago workers for
ne Chinese revolutionary movement. We arc
against Imperialism, foreign or American
(Signed) John Fitzpatrick"
Inc committee, of which Atty. VIM. # Hon,, :
secretary, is organizing a Hands-Off- China co.
ference to be held in Chicago at an early date
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
AN INTERNATIONAL WHEAT
POOL.

The striking success of Canadian wheat noo1s
was the keynote of the End international wheat
pool conference at Kansas City. Pres. c. H. Bur-
nell OF the Manitoba wheat pool conference at
Kansas City. Pres. c. H. Burnen of the Manitoba
wheat pool urged their extension on a world basis
70 enable farmers to control the grain markets of
Vne world through their cooperative selling orga-
nizations, says Leland Odds.
Fool members, according to Burnell, do NOT
have to dump grain on the market in the fall 70
meet expenses. Spectators therefore cannot take
advantage of forced deliveries to cut the price
paid to the farmer. Members, he said, receive
payment from the pool when their grain is bar-
vested and are paid in full when the wheat is
finally sold.
y. s Secretary of agriculture W. NJ Jardine
also held up the Canadian pools as examples Of
gram producers in other countries He asid:
More than 100000 bushels were handled bv
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
WASHINGTON GOSSIP
By LAURENCE TODD. Federated Press

Washington.-Out of the White
mouse, still ringing with the jolly re-
port by National Chairman Butler
tnat the western prairies are afire
With enthusiasm for Coolidge, comes
a new doctrine of international con-
Duct. 1t is so simple that it ought
TO apply equally we'll to American
poiltlcs, such as the troublesome in
cldents of Mr.. Frank Smith in Illinois
ana Mr.. Bill Ware in Pennsylvania.
This doctrine was stated in con-
nectlon with the Stimson letter to
zen. Moncada, military commander of
the Nlcaraguan Liberals. 1t was:
The mthod by which we get peace
IN Nicaragua is not important; the
thing that the public should keep its
eye on IS the fact that we get what
we go after, which is pacification.
That IS to say, Coolidge sent Slim
son to Nicaragua to tell the Liberals
that the United States government
had decided to conquer them by gun
fire unless they surrendered immedi-
ately. The method did not matter to
the Coolidge administration; the Lat
in-American republics might protest
if they dared, but probably they
would not dare. Washington de
manded instant surrender, regardless
of international law and regardless of
the American constitution, which en-
trusts the war-making power to con-
gross.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
DANISH WORKERS
MAKE FORD HORN n

Copenhagen - (FP) - Wbo,
Henry Ford organization enteroa IL
penhagen it learned the mean iu V
the closed shop. q,
eve have the Ford Works ~.
organized and only trade nn;o NY
are permitted to work there" ' p
6ersen, secretary of the Danish a ~
chinist's and Smiths union anno. IA
eS.
"When the factory opened
committee interviewed the n,9n. Os
ment on their labor policy. We bass
a charming tale of how the cona M
was going to build garden t bac
around the factory with NOW 'Ss1
homes and garages for the worl,.-''
and of the friendly relations bet~o'l-
Ford and his employees. We MI
to our demand for a trade union r,'A
greement and got it. NOTHING 2
been said about the pretty colt -@
since," Andersen says. ~s9
Ford discovered that he could -.
have his way in Copenhagen in ~. Ivy
signing work regardless of the ernas
fence of the worker. The trade np p.s
agreement classifies the skilled co ,,.'
skilled and unskilled work and s nm
fies that skilled work can only' IT. h.
done by those who are qualified ~.
chanics. Wages are paid accordIs
ly, SIS day being the lowest.
Copenhagen labor discovered A..
"A hours, not 40, are being worksl
Nothing has been said about the I
day week. Last March the comma,
suggested a reduction of wages h.
the trade unions refused to consi6s,
it.
The General Motors Co., which >,
so has a plant in Copenhagen nm,
close up to Ford by paying a fat
$3.50 for an 8-hour day. Geners
motors competition cuts heavily m,
the production of the Ford plant
ForGs full capacity is 500 cars
day produced by 2,40 men. Insteai
only 600 men are employed and ID
cars produced. Work is unsteady. an
ly six months of the year being WORK
ed.
Like other employers, Ford is tv
ing to meet the situation by pushht
wages dawn" Andersen says. Fop
plants were started in Antwerp an,
Berlin where lower wages are pa,
than in Copenhagen. The Meta
Workers international informs us IN
company is not succeeding well 4
those cities. The skilled, highly pa,
men in Copenhagen produce muc
more"
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

steps, as he has sidestepped Sinclair
and Doheny in recent months, they
may embarass him in the convention.
There is where the beauty of the mo
squeamishness" rule for Nicaragua
comes in, if the administration de-
cides to look upon Smith and Ware
as martyrs to Democratic intrigue.
Maybe Congress, next winter, will
probe the mystery of the documents
which came into the hands of Presi-
dent Gales of Mexico, and which
have never been explained by all the
press yarns printed as to their prob
able contents.
If Congress does get the facts, it
will perhaps answer these questions,
now current in "high circles:" Was
George Barr Baker, confidential
! agent of Secretary Hoover, invited to
inspect 200 documents in possession
of the Mexican government? Did
those documents include files of let
tiers from Ambassador Sheffield to
Secretary Kellogg, and from Kellogg
to Sheffield? Did Kellogg, writing
to Sheffield, bitterly complain against
Hoover, whose commercial agents in
Mexico were sending to Hoover 9
great deal of information on Mexican
conditions? Did Hoover get copies
of these letters? Did he take them
to Kellogg and demand an explana-
ton? Did Kellogg explain that the
ugly remarks on Hoover were inter
polated in the letters by forgers? Die
such an interview between the rival
cabinet officers take place only {
few days before Coolidge told the
world that Hoover would not be made
/, secretary of state, even if Kellogg
should resign?
Interesting questions, which Baker
Hoover and Kellogg could answer. By
answering, they would throw much
light on a dark diplomatic secret
which has led to endless whispering
in Washington.
Another disclosure by the State
DEPARTMENT. makes public a joint
declaration by former Marking mis-
sionaries which shows that it is in The
territory controlled by Chang Kai
Shek, the moderate" military lead
er, that the Nationalist officers anC
soldiers responsible for the murder!
of March "a are being shielded. The
Hankow "reds" are not named as par
ties to the crime.
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

Fascism has rolled across the path
of the most significant development
IN agriculture in pre-war Europe,
cooperative landholding society, with
cultivation of the land in common
under joint management and techni-
cal direction.
The undeveloped farm, which can
only be cultivated in large areas and
thus requires big capital and wage
workers, is to be found in southern
Italy. The highly industrialized farm
found mainly in northern Italy. also
requires wage labor. intermediate is
the large farm divided into small
holdings worked by separate families,
each family head acting as a sub
manager and using, when necessary.
Tied" workers or serfs who are re-
strlcted to that one farm in seeking
employment. But whether a man was
a sum manager, a serf, or a day la
0orer, always above him was the big
landowner extracting the bulk of the
returns.
The Italian small farmers and farm
laborers therefore formed land-hold-
ing societies legally constituted in
the form of co-operatives. The groups
with more advanced agricultural
technique began the cultivation of
the landin common under joint man.
agement and technical direction. The
work was divided among the mem
oers. Cooperative purchases and
sales, mutual insurance and Joint use
OF machinery, were successfully car
RED out. In some parts of Italy it
cut out the speculative middlemen.
The Joint management farms were
composed almost entirely of Social
lists; the bulk of the land workers
on big landlord farms also were So
cialists; the National Federation of
Land Workers, in fact, passed a re-
solution for specialization of the land.
Fasclsm has profoundly modified
the co-operatives. 1t excludes all or
ganizaton of a socialist nature. Most
OF the prewar cooperatives have dis
appeared. All workers, whether
members or not, must pay dues into
the fascist organizations. Labor dis
putes between farmers or farm work
ers and the big estate owners, hith-
erto regarded as economic matters,
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

tical or industrial affiliations, race, color, or ma
tiOnality, who are prosecuted on account of their
activity in the struggle for the class interests of
the workers and exploited farmers
The International Labor Defense fights for the
release of class war prisoners.
Fights for repeal of criminal syndicalist laws.
Gives publicity to persecution of workers.
Provides material support to prisoners and their
families
Helps the victims of white terror in all lands
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

lish the principle that tbo
the masses of the people are reeOs Il
airy to the economic status 0 oe secoad,
cism takes the cooperative W. W. Ss
and also the land system -ttiSovteNel,
evolving from feudalism int oaI "a
tive operation, and attempts = collie
fy them into static, unc - petd
things. Oiangll
Next week: POLAND
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

The White House was feeling good
enough to confess its strong arm pol
icy, because there had been a happy
political breakfast. Butler had been
called upon to tell the guests, in
GLIDING Sen. Borah and Speaker Nick
Longworth, how Butler went into the
the west to inquire Longworth grin
ned and passed his plate for some
more sausage, while Borah laid away
a second cup of coffee Neither of
these possible candidates disputed
Buffers romance. Someone said af-
terward that the breakfast party re-
nominated Cal by acclimation. Late
in the day the White House let the
hungry press know that Butler had
made a most satisfactory report.
However, Congress has still to meet
in December and the Smith and Ware
scandals have still to be explored, and
these two senators-elect, or senators
non-elect as the Senate may deter
mine, are bringing pressure on Cool
idge to stand by them. If he side
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13
AIMS OF THE

international Labor Defense aims to fraterna1l,,
unite all forces willing to cooperate in the vorI
OF labor defense into broad national organiza+io
based upon individual and collective roenobors,i,
tnat VIII stand as everything and evar-raad,,
champion for the defense and support Of ali wor1-
ers and exploited farmers, regardless ~
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1927-05-13

The latest figure for non-agricultural products
show prices in March at 1853, or SO per cent above
prewar The purchasing power of farm products
Is thus about Is per cent below prewar while the
purchasing power of the average bushel of grain
is % per cent under prewar