davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04

1t was these men who were the real trail
blazers of the Old West; for they first
spied out the land and paved the way for
the explorer.
st. Louis in 1894
As for st. Louis, In 1894, situated on the
right bank Of the Mississippi river, "a few
miles below the mouth Of the Missouri, 1t
was but a small frontier settlement, with
a motley population composed for the most
part of creole descendants Of the original
French colonists, but with representatives
of many classes and castles. There were
the keen traders, the backwoodsmen of
Kentucky, the Indians, the half breeds, AMI
the rough b0atmen Of the lower river
country; each and every one of these with
habits, dialect and manners peculiar alone
to his W class.
Up the single street bordered on either
side by its false -fronted buildings, one
found the store Of the French trader where
congregated q peculiar mongrel crowd, half
Indian, half Frenchman, hangers-on who
were employed from ime to time as at
taches and roustabouts to accompany short
expeditions into the Indian country. Along
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04

had wendell their way along the val
leys OF rivers, through swamps, over
portages: had mingled with the diff
ferent nations Of Indians, but in the
vast country as far east as the noun
tains of Virginia, there was not one
single white settlement-save Vim
cennes. Along the river bottom were
the two villages of Cahokia and Kas-
kaskia, and Fort Charities. On the
west shore was the village Of Ste.
Genevieve. and the oldest white set
Element In the Mississippi valley
Arkansas Post, on the Arkansas river,
was then at the zenith of its glory.
The Wilderness
TO the west, and stretching endless-no
man knew how far or whereby the west
ern wilderness, for the most part unex-
plored, and peopled with inhabitants as
yet practically unknown. Yet, little as Its
secrets had been disclosed, II was this will
derness which was destined to hew out the
massive cornerstones for the foundation OF
a mighty city's future prosperity.
In 1894, a few daring voyageurs had
assembled the Missouri river county Just
beyond the mouth Of the Platte, and a few
more had trekked the course of what later
became known as the Sante Fe Trail. But,
beyond this western sea OF plains and roll
AHe hAAo u u lduu VI IuHSLJIf
thronged with
'Unimagined terrors, haunted glooms
And shadowy horrors Of an unknown
world,
Wild as primeyal chaos"
The Merchant of the WiIds
Trade with the Indians was the earliest
motive for establishment Of white men in
the West and the rivalry Of different ma.
lions for a firm hold upon the West wal
largely a contest for Indian trade. Thus
the man who ventured forth into the greal
wilderness was a merchant as well as an
explorer. But, though engaged In bust.
ness, his trade bore as little resemblance
to that of the merchant of today as did the
country he Travelled to the West we now
know. His was not a plan of barterine
merchandise over the counters of a system.
atized mercantile establishment in the
heart of a peopled town, but to gain profit
he must enter the depths of this wilderness
there to exchange his wares (trinkets
cloth, tobacco, etc. for the p~eltries of ths
native. 1t was his to seek out new tribes
Of Indians, to gamble upon the reception
he might receive at the hands of thest
perish or to prosper, as the Gods NIGH
divine.
The Trailblaxers
Yet, great as may have been the dan
gers, there was a charm about this FIRE.
and adventurous life In the new and I'm,
explored wilds-the Joy of q gamble-ir
the delight Of having the ever-present dan
gers, and In the hope Of substantial re
ward. Great as were the dangers Of saw
age, of beast and Of elements, many Their,
were, in the days long before Lewis ant
Clarke and Lisa, Menard and Golfer, VIII,
were eager to play this adventurous game
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04

try. Their garments, their shoes and even
the saddlecloths were of skins OF beaver, OF
otter, of kid, Of deer, of wolf, of fox and so
forth. They have, as all the others, the
use of the bow and arrow, the armor of
which Is of stone or bone. A little bag
full of Indian corn, which they found
among their baggage, gave them occasion
to Inquire of some women prisoners If their
nation cultivated that plant. They an
swered no; but that In the lower part OF
this river there was a large village of saw
ages who sowed and reaped a great guam
tity of 1t. These women had hung around
their neck and ears some shells of various
kinds and shapes pierced and threaded on
little strings Of leather. They asked them
where they obtained this kind of glass
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04

bead. They answered that at the mouth
Of this river appeared a large body of
water, the other bank of which was not
visible; that the water rose and fell con-
si%derably at certain times Of the day and
night; that the savages that had their
homes about there attached to the end of q
long line large pieces OF meat which they
threw into the water when deep and drew
out when 1t ebbed; that a quantity Of
these shells were found adhering to these
pieces of meat; and that, having detached
them, they pierced them and hung them
thus around the neck and ears for orna-
ment.
The Missouri, above the river OF the
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04

largest, b u 8 ! 9 8 I,
wealthiest CONNER
cial centers; and, 1t
is difficult to con-
ceive that but one
hundred and thirty
years ago, the lit
tie village which
marked the site of
the modern-day Mis-
souri, metropolis was
Ike an island nes-
tied down amidst
uncharted seas.
Eastward from
the Mississippi river,
the French Canadi-
Plentywood herald. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1908-current, 1927-03-04
(By DAN r. CONWAY
IN TWO PARrs-PART ONE

DHE exact picture of st. Louis for
many years after its founding
= comprises something which today
Is far beyond comprehension. In the
present era, at sthe mention Of st.
Louis, we vision one OF the nations
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11

II would ask Miss Carroll, secre-
tary to General Daugherty, about the
calls, and she told me they were Of
fetal. Jess Smith also said they
were official"
Previous witnesses had testified
that Smith had "eve~y evidence of
power" in the attorney generals Of
flee.
Hello. John
Gladys Weeks, another Department
of Justice telephone operator, corro-
borated Miss Miller's testimony.
General Daugherty received tele-
phone calls from Mr.. King and tele-
phoned Mr.. King sometimes as often
as every day and at other times
twice a week during the first few
months General Daugherty was in Of
fice," she testified.
Long distance calls were made from
New York and Bridgeport, Conn, she
added.
"What did Daugherty call King on
the telephone" United States Attor-
ney Buckner asked.
He'd say to King, Hello. John. E"
The witness did not know what they
talked about.
Second Trial.
The trial now proceeding is the
second for the same offense. The
jury disagreed in the other trial, it
is alleged, because the trail of graft
led so high that verdict of guilty
would amount to a condemnation OF
the highest officials, and practically
n vote OF no-confidence in the Ameri-
can system Of government. Evidence
in the re-trial has already shown
President Harding a visitor to the
headquarters Jess Smith and Daugh-
erty maintained together.
The case grew out Of the efforts Of
the American Metals Co., owned by
German capitalists, TO get back
properties Of theirs being admins
tered by the alien property custodian
after the end Of the war. The gov
eminent is disposed to admit that the
German claim was just. What Daugh-
erty, and Miller are accused Of, is
holding up" and shaking down" the
Germans, by throwing difficulties in
their way, until they paid the nearly
half million dollar bride to smooth the
path.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
ANGRY PARENTS
FIGHT CORRUPT
SCHOOL SYSTEM
Chicago Parents Want
Schools; Called Mob"

CHICAGO, Feb. 10. ~ That the
school system is not a dead issue in
Chicago was proven by q mass meet
ing called by the NORTHWEST Side
Parents League at 1902 LeMoyne St.
The basement Of the church was
packed with angry parents who re-
sent being called outsiders" and a
mob, when the question of the well
fare Of the school children is being
considered.
John English, member of the board
of education, stated that he did not
believe in the junior high schools,
nor the platoon, but he is in the
minority on the school board. He
also stated cases Of tax lodging by
big business. He urged the parents
to take more interest in the school
system.
The officers of the N. W. S. Par
ents' League reported that after a
fight that lasted for over a year the
board of education is still Consider
ing" the question of building addi-
tional nine class rooms to the Lowell
school, when according to the esti-
nation of the Parents League at
least fifteen more rooms are needed.
The school has at present over 400
more children than there are seats
and it is a growing neighborhood
The other schools in the neighbor-
hood, the Cameron, and the Stowe,
are also overcrowded.
The n. w. S. Parents League in
tends to put up a fight for more
school rooms, against the platoon sys-
tenn and against junior high schools
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Chicago Board Raises
Income of Dressmakers

Continued from Page Ome)
few facts on the existing conditions
in some of the shops under control
of the Mitchell Dress Association.
On January 22nd, a worker from one
of their big shops drew a salary of
$3.50 for a full week. making
seventy garments on a piece work
basis. Another pay from a different
shop for twelve days was $3.50, and
another one for four days including
overtime on Saturday was S9.55. Sill
another pay for the full week of
January 18th was $500.
Mr.. Davidson, organizer Of the
Joint Board states that il the union
was as weak as the Mitchell Dress
Association claims it to be, it would
surely not succeed in getting the
above agreement. However, as there
are still a number of non-union shops
in the city, the union is now well
prepared to carry on the campaign
to a successful termination. 1t has
established peace in the cloak in
dustry for three years under quite
favorable conditions, and with the
concluding Of a pact in the dress in
dustry, there is nothing else left
to do but organize the unorganized
dress industry.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11

This 32-year-old Turkish woman is
one of the leading lawyers Of Con-
stantinople. A woman in such a sit
uation would have been impossible
under the old regime, when the strict
Mohammedan law of seclusion pre-
vailed. The rising Nationalist move
ment in the countries of the East,
however, is doing away with host
of ancient superstitions. The govern
ment of Kemal Pasha believes that by
undermining Turkey, it may resist the
imperialists of capitalist Europe.
Turks now drink wine, make statues,
wear hats, and build factories. The
women are throwing away their wells.
Turkish nationalists are looking for
allies, and find one in the Union of
Socialist Soviet Republics.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
War of Big Financiers
Over Railroads Shows
Labor the Road to Unity
BY J. LOUIS ENGDAHL.

TWO Of the most viciously hos
4 tile anti-labor railroad capital
lists in the earlier history OF Amer
lean railroading were Il. Il. Harri-
man and James ]. HILL they both
came out OF the west. Hartman
dominated the Union Pacirle that
spread westward to the Pacific
Coast. Hill was master OF the
Great Northern. They both had
dreams Of far-tlung railroad en-
pires. jim Hill fought the Amer
lean Railway Union headed by
Gene" Debs in the latter part OF
the last century. Hartman helped
conduct a long and bitter war on
the railroad snopme8 in 1872.
8
Edward II. Collins, in the New
York Tribune, now tells us that:
"Out Of a welter OF stock mar
ket gyration, speculation and con-
lecture that Tor weeks has hung
over Wall Street like a perplexlng,
almost impenetraDie shrouo, there
has emerged in the last "A hours
the clear-nmned outline of a new
eastern railroad empire, which in
expanse not only surpasses any
pending present-day consolidation,
but winch transcenus the dreams of
those ambitious railroad builders OF
another generation, Il. Ii. Harri-
man and James j. HILL"
Hartman and Hill got rich land
grants and subsidies from the gov
eminent, controlled state legIsla-
lures by open bribery and OJher-
wise worked themselves into adj
vantageous positions that made
railroading a mighty paying bust
ness, especially when intoierable
conditions at low wages could also
be forced on the workers.
Control has now passed from the
much advertised railroad builders"
to the great financiers who have
their headquarters Ill Wall Street.
Thus the new struggle for con-
trcl in the eastern railroad empire
is being waged between these grant
groups:
On the one HAND the New York
Central, the Baltimore and Ohio
and the so called Van Sweringen
railroad lines, a group Of roads
penetrating to every industrial
center Of Importance between the
Mississippi and the North Atlantic
seaboard and connecting all Of the
great land and water gatewaFs Of
this rich territory
This mammoth combination is
being built by the financial inter
ests headed by George +. Baker,
chairman Of the board Of the First
National Pank, and the, House of
Morgan & Co., and "boasts 3d.
600 mileage and an aggregate cap
itali2ation &C $3,650,btZ,23f
This is the crowd that engi-
neered the Wheeling and Lake
Erie Railroad corner" on the
ftock exchange this week, which
incidentally revealed that these
three trunk lines have captured
control of the Western Maryland
Railroad, in which the Rockefellers
have large block of stock, altho
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Get Another Subscriber for
Your DAILY WORKER.
Telephone Girls Testify Daugherty PhOned King
On Long Distance Frequently
lContinNed from Roc Onel

fContiuted from Page One)
Miller trial, which resulted in a jury
disagreement.
"Then I recalled these converse
tions,p she said, "ahd thought it pc
culiar because I had always thought
Mr.. King was an employee of the De-
partment of Justice"
The testimony caused the first trace
of excitement in the courtroom since
the second trial began.
"From the frequency Of the calls
/ thought that they must be official, "
the witness said. She marked them
Official" she said, because she was
told to.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Ne: WBERRY CASE
REAL ORIGIN OF
FORD TAX TRIAL
Might Have Missed
Loss Except for Letter

WASHINGTON, Feb. 10. The
origin of the governments $30,000,
coo tax assessment against the min
GRITTY stockholders of the Ford Motor
company was revealed today TO have
been in the famous fight over Sena-
tor Truman II. Newberry's admission
to the United States Senate.
David H. Blair, commissioner Of in
ternal revenue, on the stand today
before the U. S. Board Of Tax APP
peals, revealed that it was a letter
from Senator James z. Watson (R)
Of Indiana, which started the treasury
TO investigating the original treasury
valuation Of the Ford company stock.
Angry at Ford.
Senator Watson wrote Commits
sioner Blair a letter in 1922, enclos-
ing memorandum questioning the
treasury's valuation of the Ford
stock. 1t was at this time that the
Newberry fight was at its height
in the senate. Senator Watson was
one Of the republican leaders who
fought for the seating Of Newberry.
Senator James Couzens (R) of
Mich, was appointed to succeed New
berry in November of 1922, and later
the treasury assessed against him ap-
proximately S11,O0O,0O0 in excess
taxes.
Commissioner Blair testified that
he had received a letter and memo
randum questioning the proper valu-
alton of Ford stock and said be re-
ferred it to. deputy commissioner
for investigation.
Blair said that he informed Watson
that she would trace the matter this
time through entirely different chan
nels."
The defense contended that Blair's
statement showed the Bureau of In
ternal Revenue had previously inves-
tigated the Roper valuation of So
439 per share for Ford stock in 1918.
Blair testified that an anonymous
letter was sent to the department in
1921 declaring that "Ford owed a lot
Of tax" He said the letter was dis
missed lightly because it was "quite
evident that Ford didn't owe tax or
the stock transaction"
Deputy Commissioner Nash signed
the S10,9O9,0O0 assessment against
Couzens on March II, and smaller as
.sessments against other minority
stockholders within the next two
days, according to his own testimony.
II was informed by Investigators
that the Statue of Limitations would
expire March IS, 1926" Nash said.
"The expiration OF the time was
the only jeopardy involved"
The correspondence between intern
al revenue bureau officials relating
to the Investigations Of the Ford tax
action, beginning in 1922, were in
PRODUCED in evidence after a strong
protest from the government.
Defense Has Innings.
One letter in September, 1922, from
NJ. T. Johnson, chairman of the Com
rlittee on Tax Appeals and Review,
to Cary A. Mapes, solicitor of internal
revenue, declared sthat in his judg
ment the basis for fixing the original
So, 4S9 valuation as of March 1. 1918,
was sound. Mapes approved the re-
port. 1t was contended that Mapes'
decision was reached after several
investigations by the government.
Counsel for the taxpayers said that
after repeated approvals and con.
firmations of the proper valuation in
1921 and 1922, the Bureau Of Internal
Revenue made a settlement in 1928
Of Senator Couzens' tax liability.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Wage Increase for stenos PROMISED

ALBANY, N. Y, Feb. lO.-Clerks
to judges of the Court Of Appeals
who also act as stenographers would
be entitled to a salary not exceeding
$4,000 year, under provisions of a
bill introduced in the legislature to-
day by Senator Pearson Of Syracuse.
AT present the salary for the posi-
tons is limited to $1,000.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Tell your friends to buy rhe
DAILY WORKER at the news
SPEAKER WILL ADDRESS CLEVELAND
ANTE-IMPERlALIST MEETING

CLEVELAND Feb 0A American Imperialism in
called
American Imperialism and the Peoples
construction League this Sunday.
The meeting will crystalline anmpeist sentiment in this
hoped effort being made to line unions workers
imperialism.
Jng member Of Kuomnang natonal party Of China,
City Marsh Of the Peoples
Clifford Rabbi B. Bcne Rev Joel Hayden
Jefe recently returned from Mexico will be
among the speakers. A. p. Coye will be chairman
Hail. Sunday,
a p. m Admission win be free.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11

John d. Jr., claimed this owner
ship was not sufficient to dictate
a settlement Of the strike that has
ragged on this road for more than
8 year. This statement, however,
is disputed.
Against this crowd are the
forces allied with Ire Pennsylvania
Railroad system, that mas drawn in
the Kuhn, Loeb man." l.. +. Loree,
head Of the Delaware anL Hudson
and dung tigur, IT tar kansas
City Southern consolidation in The
southwest.
s.
The fact that this struggle is GO
ing on again reveals that railroad
consolidation is progressing rapid
ly.
Out Of the clash between the
House Of Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb
& Co., between the group of rail-
roads supporting the New York
Central and the contending group
backing the Pennsylvania, there will
come u more centralized t0nIrol
that will be in a position to strike
more powerful blows against the
workers, organized and unorgan-
lied.
While the great capitalists, there
fore, are fighting out their differ
ences, passing rapidly from the
earlier period of competition TO the
great trust of today, the trade
union movement still clings tena-
ciously TO It's outworn craft 40Im
Of organization. More than
score Vi craft unions dIyide Jur.a-
dJction on the railroads.
While organized capital, arrayed
in mighty formations. OF billions OF
dollars, marches forward TO
strengthen Its position and exact
greater toll of profits from It's
victims, labor segregates its
strength in many groups, some OF
these often competing with each
other.
1t is on the Pennsylvania Rail-
road for instance that the operat-
ing unions, the so-called railroad
brotherhoods, have been especially
vicious in undermining the struggle
of the shop workers. The former
here, as elsewhere, tries to win
concessions at the expense Of the
latter.
The corner" in Wall Street, in
any stock, means that someone has
secured possession of the outstand-
ing STOCK Of some corporation and
Is holding it for top-notch prices.
1t is only when the workers are
100 per cent organized, when their
forces are amalgamated into a
powerful industrial union, that
they will be able to declare a "cor-
ner' on labor on the railroads, or
IN any other great industry, and
make possible the winning of bet
ter conditions and living wages.
The maneuvers of the great finan-
ciers in the railroad INDUSTRY show
more than ever that "amalgama-
ton or humiliation is a more vital
slogan than ever for all railroad
workers, that should be translated
Immediately into definite action.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-02-11
Bosses Sue Bill" to
Be Fought by Labor
In Massachusetts,

BOSTON (FP) - Massachusetts,
A. +. of l.. leaders are appearing be-
fore the state legislature in OPP
position to the "sue bill" permitting
voluntary organizations to sue and be
sued in the name of the organization,
officers or manager. AT present
labor organizations, as voluntary or
carnations, are protected against
slch suits. Employers favor the
''sue BILL