davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

cattle and hundreds of horses. He had
five pitched battles with the United
States troops, Of which he won three,
drew n and lost one, a feat that is
more remarkable when you consider that
the total force opposing him was nearly
1000 men. But greatest Of all is the fact
that this campaign was conducted with
u the destruction Of property and the
numbering Of settlers that usually was a
part Of Indian warfare.
In fact, it is his record of humanitari-
|anism which Chief Joseph has to his
credit; his efforts to avoid war and his
calmneSs in spite Of the injustices he was
subjected to prior to the outbreak of
hostilities, that make his name perma-
nent in American history, and to a GER
tain degree the most highly respected
Indian chieftan Of the west.
OF his early life not much is known
save that he was born in eastern Oregon
about 1910. He was the eldest of Old
Joseph's two sons and the hereditary
chief Of h Lower Nez Perez Indians.
His early childhood was most likely spent
learning the usual war and hunting arts
common to his people though he did
spend some time at Rev. S~paulding's
schOol-Rev. S~paulding was a missionary
who spent many years among the Nez
Perez Indians.
From his father he learned to be care
full when dealing with the whites and to
never sell or sign away the lands of his
people. This he never did mi it was the
cause Of his taking charge of the mon
treaty" Indians and concentrating his
marvellous retreat through the businesses
of the Rockies and over the Montana
plains nearly to the Canadian border; al
though he took no part in the massacres
that were the immediate aus of the
outbreak.
This retreat was a masterpiece of mill
tary strategy, his men often holding SUI
perior forces at bay while a small detach-
ment Of them slipped around one side
and cut OF the enemies supplies. His
warriors-although the Nez Perces had
been at peace for yearS-were perfectly
trained in all the arts of war; in fact, al
one time he formed 40 of his men IN
columns Of four and in the dusk of early
night pulled a surprise attack on Gen
eral Towards troOps-the sentry think
ing, by their orderly formation, that they
were part of General Towards cavalry.
Showed Unusual Ability
General o. o. Howard in his boob
about the Nez Perez and Joseph's re.
treat says Of this particular instance tina
"At the CamaS Meadows, not far from
Henry Lake, Joseph's night march, hi
surprise on my camp and capture Of ovel
100 animals, showed an ability to plaI
and execute equal to that of many
/ partisan leader whose deeds have en-
/ tered int classic history
Even at his last battle on Snake creek
Ii miles south Of what is now Chinook
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
MOntana's First
Lawsuit
:. MAMA8aaNNNM

"HE first Law suit ever held in Mon
tana was in the early sixties and
Il was that of the case of "Tincup
Joe" against Cornelius G. (Baron)
Okee1e, n Of Montana's most famous
early settlers. Lineup Joe was a wander
ing squaw man and one day with his
wife and a horse, stopped at the OKeefe
cabin, IL miles west of the present site
of Missoula. There Baron" O'Keefe ano
his brother Dave OKeefe were living to-
gether.
Dave O'Keefe had come to Montana
from the west in 1868 with the expedi-
Tlon OF General Mullan n taken up his
abode with his brother. The day that
lineup Joe called on the O'Keefes, they
had heard that Mullan n his party
were again camped at no great distance
from them and decided to visit him.
The brothers had raised a small crop
of oats that year and were t%reasuring the
harvest for seed for the coming season.
Warming lineup Joe to keep his horse
away from the oats, but inviting himself
to otherwise make himself at home, thew
LETT for Mullan's amp. They found it
closer than they had expected n so
returned home sooner than either they
or lineup Joe had anticipated, and when
they did so, found JOe's horse eating
their oats.
Baron OKeefe drove the animal away
from the Oat bin and it fell into a par
TALLY excavated root cellar and died be-
fore 1t could be pulled out. Tincup Joe
and his wife went into Hellgate (Missou-
la on foot and told their troubles to
Frank Woody, a lawyer n trader, later
q Judge Tor many years in Montana's
courts. Woody and other citizens de-
termlned that O'Keefe should be pros
ecuted in a civil action for damages.
Henry Brooks was selected as judge and
Woody himself represented the plaintiff.
A m of sorts was served upon
Baron OKeefe, and the case came to
trial.
When cOurt convened, a jury impanel-
led and the case outlined, Baron OKeefe.
stepped before the judge and demanded
to know upon what authority Brooks set
himself up as a duly constituted judge
OF the territory. Upon being asked for
his credentials, the judge produced a
deck OF cards from his pocket and spread
them upon the table in front of him.
These are my credentials he replied
The judge then demanded to know, in
turn, by what right O'Keefe appeared in
a duly constituted court of law and as
sumed to act as counsel for himself
therein.
do you want to see my credentials
demanded the belligerent Irishman.
Il do replied the court.
These are my credentials sale
O'Keefe, and with the word hit Brooks
between the eyes and knocked him of
the bench. The spectators joined in The
general free-fOr-all fight that followed
The judge and jury fled from the cour
room but later returned and rendered &
verdict n entered Judgment agains
Baron O'Keefe for $40.
In the absence, however, of a sheriff
with sufficient energy and credentials b,
which process be executed, no eff
tort was ever made to collect the $40 anS
it was never paid.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
THE HANGING OF CATTLE KATIE

cabin. They forced her to get into the
wagon, saying they were going to take
her to Rawlins, which was the county
seat and refused to let her change her
clothes. One of them told her hat if
she did not get in the wagon peaceably
hind their horses. They made the boy
stay behind with a man named Durbin
and drove over to Jim Avrill's. He was
Just starting to Casper in his wagon and
they made him throw up his hands then
unhitched his team and took Avril along
with them in the wagon.
GAS soon as they were put Of sight I got
John DeCory and went down to Jim's
house and told them what had happen
ed" said the boy. Frank Buchanan got
a horse and followed them. He was gone
several hours and when he came back
said they had hanged Jim n Ella"
1t was more than 80 hours after the
hanging before the bodies were cut down
by a deputy sheriff from Casper and an
inquest held by Justice Emery, the jury
being Joe benson, Tom benson, Jess
Lockwood, E. j. (Tex.) Healy, Jud Brazil
and Frank benson, and their verdict
was:
The deceased man and woman, James
Avrill and Ella Watson, came to their
deaths by being hanged by the neck at
the hands Of A. j, Boutwell,, Tom Sun,
John Durbin, r. M. Galbraith, BOZ Con-
nor, E.. McLain and an unknown man."
The unknown man, it is said, was
George B. Henderson, who was shot and
killed about a year later by a range hand
named Tergonning with whom he had
trouble. He was at the time foreman of
the II cattle company.
Within q very short time after the
hanging but not before the men involved
had been arrested and placed under
So, 900 bond every witness who had any
connection with the affair died a violent
death. The grand jury failed to find g
true bill against the killers and they
were released from custody and theil
bonds discharged.
OF the seven men who were engaged
in the hanging only three are living: A
J. Boutwell,, Los Angeles. Calf; r. B
Conner, Mauch Chunch, Pa, and r. M
Galbraith, Little Rock, Ark.
The honesteads of both iAvrill and
Cattle Kate in due course Of time became
the property Of Boutwell,, and the hous,
OF Cattle Kate was moved to the Both,
well ranch where It served as an ic'
house until a few years ago when It wa
torn dcwn
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
(By E. RICHARD sHIPP)

IN THE early eighties Wyoming was
no different from any other Of the
frontier states, especially those where
h cowmen ranged their vast herds on
the free government range. 1t was only
human nature that the stockman
fought against the coming Of the home
steader with his fences cutting up and
blocking the range, and it was only h1-
man nature that the homesteader should
seek to protect himself against the cat
tlemen.
From this tacit warfare between them
grew up the rustlers, who stole the cat
tie Of the cowmen, altering or smudging
the brands and driving them off the
range, and branding or 'maveriking"
every calf they could find. That all
homesteaders became rustlers is perhaps
putting 1t too strong, blu it is safe to
say that a great many of them did, and
that practically all of them would as
stSt a rustler as against a cowman IN
time, perhaps for two strong reasons,
one that the cowman was seeking with
every means at his command to drive the
homeSteader Of the country and two
because the rustler never hesitated to
kill any one h opposed them, and be-
tween hate Of the cowman and fear Of
the rustler their allegiance went to the
rustler.
In 1886 one Jim Avrill came into the
Sweetwater country, about 40 miles
SOOI4WCob OA NaoPCI anu SOOk up n uOu16-
stead where he opened a saloon that be-
came the hahg-out Of rustlers and the
place of wild carousals by the cowboys
off the range.
In 1888 Ella Watson, who took the
name Of Kate Maxwell, o up a home
stead claim about a mile northwest of
Avrills. Here she built a homestead
shack and fenced the land and IN a
short time acquired a considerable sized
herd of cattle.
She was always at the Avrin place al
night when the cowboys came in for one
Of their wild times. and while Averill
got all the money the boys had by selling
them liquor n playing poker with then
1t was said that they never left the place
until Cattle Kate had their promises Il
throw five OF six head Of unbranded
stock into her homestead pasture. Thi
may or may not have been true bu'
she and Avrill were Don known by TIT
cattle men rs the leaders Of the rustler
lin the Sweetwater country and they de
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

Chief Joseph held out for four days
against a force that outnumbered him
two to one and his quiet dignity and for
bearance at the time Of his surrender
won him the respect and friendship Of
General Miles.
Thus" says General Sherman, speak
ing of Joseph's surrender to General
Miles, has terminated Of the most
extraordinary Indian wars Of which there
is any record. The Indians throughout
displayed courage that elected universal
praise; they abstained from scalping, let
captive women go free, did not commit
indiscriminate murder Of peaceful fami-
lies, which is usual, and fought with al
most scientific skill, using advance and
rear guards, skirmish lines and field
Notifications"
After his surrender, Chief Joseph and
his people were sent to Fort Leavenworth
and later to Baxter Springs, Kansas. In
these places many of the Indians died
but it wasn't until 1885 that the sorry
remnant of this audacious band was sent
to spend the remainder of their lives on
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

Holding the first lady of the land i'm
her seat while humping along i'm a
lumber wagon is an experience of
which Frank b. Linderman of SOmers,
Indian authority and author, may
boast.
A national scandal is not likely to re-
suit, however, as the party took place
while the lady's husband was along,
though walking. Riding the hard seat
Of the lumber wagon along a rock strewn
trail in the Black Hills recently, Mr..
Linderman n Mrs. Coolidge sat side by
side and spent the greater part Of the
trip clinging to one another to avoid
more intimate contact with the rough
road bed. The president chose to walk.
The Montana nan met Mr.. and Mrs.
Coolidge at the summer home OF Sam R.
MacKelvie, former governor Of Nebraska,
in tits Black Hills near Mystic, s.. D.,
where the president and his wife visited.
Mr.. Linderman related his version Of
the lumber wagon ride while making a
brief stop in Billings before returning to
Pryor where he Is securing material for
a biography Of Chief Plenty Coos, patri-
arch OF the Crows.
"The wagon seat springs were h only
shock abSorbers," he said. ssWe were
tossed from side to side and spent q goo
share OF the time hanging on 70 each
other. The president showed good iudg-
ment IN walking"
The contrast between the close
mouthed, noncomnitta1 attitude OF the
PRESIDENT. and the jovial fellowship Of
Mrs. Coolidge was observed by Under
man. TIE president IN spite OF his quiet
ways, Is extremely nkeable and improves
with acqu&intanceship," he said.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
Chief Joseph, Napoleon of the Red Race

-IFTY years g this week-August 8,
L. 1877, to be eXact-occurred the Bat
tie of the Big Hole Tin what is now
Beaverhead county, between h
Nez Perces under the generalship of Chief
Joseph and the United States army I'M
der the command of Colonel John Glib
bon. Some historians claim this battle
as a victory for Colonel Gibbon, but it
was in fact a draw" for while the In
dams suffered the greater total losses, the
soldiers failed in their objective to cap
ture Chief Joseph and his band at that
time and really lost more fighting men
than the Indians did.
The Battle of the Big Hole was a furi-
ous engagement and always will stand
out in Montana history asOne of the i'm
portant conflicts between the whites n
Indians, though it is not to be compared
IN herceness with the Battle OF the Little
Big Horn in which General George A.
Custer and his brave command were vir-
tually annihilated by the Sioux.
One reason, perhaps. why the Battle of
the Big Hole will always hold the inter
est of those who read western history is
because it revealed the generalship Of
Chief Joseph when caught in a surprise
attack by the enemy. 1t was one OF IL
engagements with United States troops
that Chief Joseph had in what may be
considered one of the greatest military
exploits in American history. His small
force, which at no time numbered more
h 800 warriors, retreated within a
comparatively few weeks a distance Of
nearly 1000 miles through an enemy
country, from White Bird Greek, near
Noun Idaho, into southwestern Mon
tana, then int what is now Yellowstone
park, and then north across Montana to
the Bear Paw mountains, where he sur
rendered to General Miles on Sept. 80,
1877.
Chief Joseph Humanitarian
In this retreat, Chief Joseph carried
with him all of the squaws and children
of his tribe, which constituted a ire
mendous handicap, as well as many beef
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

Three former MOntanans and a
fourth man, still resident in this state,
who started fishing together over in
the Madison country % years ago, are
still doing so, although it requires that
two of them travel from California and
One from New York each year to keep
the tryst. They are now i'm their
camp over in the neighbOThOOd of the
West Yellowstone and will remain to-
gether for 80 days.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

The Power Mercantile company If Lew
istown recently observed its 44th anniver-
sary. The store was established by the
late Senator T. c.. Power in 1888. The
present manager, w. D. Symes, has been
with the concern SO years, 80 of them ia
his present capacity. The store does an
annual business of more than a half mil
lion dollars.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
n. P. RebuiIds Branches

The Northern Pacinc railroad has start
ed crews ballasting and relaying the
track on b Rock creek and Clark's fork
branch extending % miles from Laurel
to Fromberg. The work Will require i've
months to complete n viii give en-
ployment to from so to $50 men.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
MAGNET
DRAWS QUARTET
THREE FORMER MONTANANs RETURN
EACH YEAR TO JOIN FOURTH IN
FISHING EXPEDITION

One Travels from New York and Two
from California to Keep Tryst, First Of
Which Was Held on Madison River %
Years Ago
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12

Nearly two and a half million feet OF
logs are being sent each week to Mis-
soula, Milltovn and Bonner mills from
nearby logging camps.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1927-08-12
B. LTNDERMAN
ENJOYS A RIDE
MONTANA AUTHOR AND MRS. CALVIN
COOLIDGE STICK TO WAGON
WHILE PRESIDENT WALKS

Noted Indian Authority Meets Chief Ex-
ecutive and Wife Under Unique Cir
cumstances In Black Hills and Plays
COurtier to First Lady
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
AUTO INSURANCE
BILL IS PREPARED
First Draft of Proposed D. c. Law
to Be Studied by
Citizens.

The first draft Of a proposed bill
providing for a form Of compulsory
automobile liability insurance for
Washington will be considered by the
committee of the Washington Cham
Der of Commerce on police, fire protec-
ton and public safety Friday evening
at o'clock in the offices of the cham
Der in the Homer Building.
A subcommittee of the public safety
group will meet tomorrow at l o'clock
to place in final form the draft of the
bill. The subcommittee chairman is
Jerome Fanciulli. II the bill is ap.
proved by the full committee. it will
be presented to the chamber for action
by Charles w. Darr. the committee
chairman.
The movement for increasing the
salary of the District Commissioners
will be renewed in the near future
with the reintroduction of bills in the
House and Senate, Robert N. Harper,
chairman of a special committee of
the chamber on Commissioners sal
aries, stated today. A similar bill pro-
viding for the increase of the salary
of a Commissioner from $500 to
$4,000 was favorably reported last
year by the House District committee.
The chamber committee proposes also
an increase in salary for the Assistant
Engineer Commissioners.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
BUY GOODS MUS,
LAWMAKER URGES
New Yorker Addresses Wom-
an Republicans on Work
ingS of Tariff.

Addressing members of the League
Of Republican Women of the District
of Columbia at the headquarters of
the Republican State committee. S23
Fifteenth street, Monday afternoon
Representative Crowther of New York,
member of the House ways and means
committee, declared that it is the pa
triotic duty of Americans to insist on
buying goods made in this country.
The Republican tariff. according to
Mr.. Crowther, gives a certain degree
OF protection to American industries,
but 1t is not sufficient to meet the
competition of foreign countries If the
American buyers are indifferent. He
said he hoped this message would be
carried far and wide by women, be-
cause, in his opinion, the American
woman can do much in this respect
In helping to promote America and
American-made articles.
Mr.. CrowtherS remarks were con-
fined chiefly to discussing the tariff
He said this one subject has been the
cause of much controversy and con-
tention among lawmakers in this coun-
try for more than a century. He be.
lieved. however, that with the passing
Vi SAiAAC IlOIS dI6 COIL
ing to the belief that protective tariff
is necessary to the promotion of pros
perity in this country and that the
theories of free trade and tariff for
revenue only are wrong and unsound.
Because of the high wages and the
high standards of living in the United
States it would be utterly impossible
for the American manufacturer or pro.
Queer to compete with foreign coun-
tries were Ii not for the certain amount
Of protection and encouragement af-
forded by the Republican tariff, ac-
cording to Mr.. Crowther
THE object Of the Republican prin.
ciples of a high tariff" Mr.. Crowthers
stated, ARE not for the purpose of
building a wall around this country
to prevent foreign-made goods from
entering, but to provide a means by
which our own industries may com
pete. Without sufficient protection
our industries would be forced out OF
business and there would be wide
spread unemployment and general
suffering"
Mr.. Crowther said that he did not
anticipate any attempts during the
coming Winter to tinker with the
tariff. Mrs. e. A. Hartman, vice.
president of the league. presided at
this meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
CAR LINES MAY OPPOSE
HIGHER POLICE PAY BILL
Blanton Measure Would Tax Com
panies Extra $4,000 Yearly
for Traffic Officers.

The Capital Traction and the
Washington Railway and Electric
conp1atss are expected to oppose the
bill introduced in the House by
Representative BlAnton of Texas,
which would increase the pay of
members of the Metropolitan police
force $500 a year, according to in
formation given the Public Utilities
Commission today.
AS the street car companies are re-
quired to pay the salaries of the
traffic officers on duty at street rail-
way crossings. the proposed 5000 in
crease, according to information
given the commission, would mean
an additional expenditure to them
of $1S.900 a year.
Salaries paid to the crossing off,
GERS by the car companies in the
last calendar year totaled $4,000,
which is virtually an increase of 100
per cent in the last 10 years. AS
the major portion of the duties of
the traffic officers is directing vehicu-
lar traffic rather than street car
trafffc, the companies, ii was said,
do not feel that they should be re-
quired to be assessed higher for
their services.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
HUGUENOT SOCIETY
ORGANIZED IN CITY
Rev. DR.. vurpillot Elected Presi-
dent-0ther Officers Chosen and
Membership Committee Named.

Organization of a Huguenot Society
of Washington, with Rev. Florian Nur'
pilot as president. was effected Mon
day at a meeting Of about rs men and
women in the home of Rev. Vurplliot
1859 @ street.
Henry Latane Lewis was chosen as
vice president for the District of Co
lumbia, Senator Bayard as vice presi-
dent for Delaware, DIR. Nicholas l..
Dashiell as vice president for Mary
land and Tench Tilghman Marye as
vice president for Virginia.
John Cabell Williamson was elected
secretary and Lynch Luquer treas
urer.
A committee on credentials, mem
bership and elections was appointed,
consisting of DIR. Adams McAllister,
Thomas r. Charshee, David p. Gail
lard, DIR. r. l.. De Saussure, Mrs,
James Carroll Frazer, Mrs. Enoch G.
Johnson, Mrs. Mary Dashiell Johnson
Nine. Florian Vurpillot, Miss Maude
Burr Norris. Dr. Ella d. Mitchell, DR.,
Middleton F. Cuthbert, Alexandra b.
Legare, Ernest J. Stevens, Calvin /.
Kephart, M. A. Winter and L. P. De
Boer.
This committee was charged with
studying the question of membership
and presenting to the next meeting
a list of suitable nominees.
A lecture meeting will be held later
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
SENATE RULES CHANGES
Senator Jones Asks Early Action on
Two Amendments.

In Offering two proposed amend
ments to the Senate rules designed to
expedite transaction of business. Sen
ator Jones, Republican, of Washing
ton served notice that he would seek
action on them at an early date.
One amendment would confine de
bate to the subject-matter under con
sideration. The other would restrict
amendments to pending legislation tc
subject-matter which was strictly ger
name.
Senator Jones also would place a
limitation upon debate upon points OF
order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1927-12-14
Wants New Airship
Named LansdOwne
AS Tribute to Hero
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The new dirigible that Congress
has authorized to replace the Shen-
andoah should be named the
Lansdowne in honor of the COM
mander of the wrecked ship, Comdr.
Zachary Lansdowne, in the opinion
of Chairman Butler of the House
naval committee.
He made this statement in an
nouncing that he proposed to ask
Congress to authorize the neeotia
ton of a straight contract for con-
struction of the airship. This, he
said, was necessary, as the Navy
had been unable to obtain competi-
tive bids.
The proposed ship is to be three
times as large as the Shenandoah