davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
(By NABOY, Worker Correspondent

(By NABOY, Worker Correspondent
CLEVELAND, July PIN Cleve-
land as we'll as in all other large
cities there are many thousands I'M
employed. Those out Of work are
both groups, the so-called white col
lar workers and the overall wage
earners.
In their frantic efforts to get en-
ployment of any kind these workers
tramp from one end of town to the
other end with very few being re-
warded by a job. 1t is just the posi-
ton the bosses like to have where
they can break down the standard of
living among the workers.
Detective Agencies.
Not content with refusing the ap-
plicants work at any wage, the bosses
through their lackeyes maintain EN-.
ployment bureaus which are more of
a detective agency than anything
else.
For example, take any department
store in general and the May Com
pany of Cleveland in particular.
Every morning between the hours of
nine and eleven, applicants for po-
sitions are privileged to enter the
employment offices where they are
given large blank to fill out. Many
quit in disgust before they are half
finished with the blank. Some of the
questions called for are: What ma
tionality are you? What languages
are spoken in your home? Will you
join the company insurance club for
workers? Will you keep secret
amount of your salary? Dozens of
other questions of a similar nature
are asked and those who are able to
fill out the entire blank are inter
viewed by the employment chief in
charge, and are told that as soon as
a place is open, they will be sent for.
Choose Lowest Paid.
In situation of this sort, the en-
ployers can pick their choice of the
lot at any wage the bosses care to
pay and hold club over the workers
heads with the reserve group list al
ways ready to take their places.
Those workers who pack lunch
and carry their overalls to work, face
even harder conditions than their
white-collared brothers. In going
from place to place, they are told
nothing doing today" One of the
best known factories where unem-
ployed workers stampede to is the
Fisher Body Ohio Co., a subsidiary of
General Motors. There every morn
ing, day in and day out, only Sun
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
Voikoff's Assassin Not
To Have Life Sentence
Changed to Short Term

WAASAW, July 27.-President Pill
sudski has revoked the granting of
Communication to Boris Kowceda, and
the latter will have to spend life in
prison, as matters stand now. Kow-
ceda was lately found guilty of muir
dering Peter Voikoff, ambassador
from the Union of Socialist Soviet
Republics to Poland At the trial
Kowceda admitted he "was ordered
to shoot Voikoff." The prosecutor
made no effort to find out who or
dered him, but there is strong evil
dence that Kowceda was an agent of
white guard conspiracy organized
and financially supported by Eng
land Life imprisonment in Polish
prison prevents the assassin from
telling more, should he decide to do
so.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28

expended by the number of pieces he
has produced" Capital, p. 604)
But there are certain very definite
characteristics, peculiar to piece
wages that cause all union leaders
having the interest of the workers
uppermost to strenuously fight to
abolish them where they do exist
and fight against all attempts of the
employers to introduce them For
years the compositors in the news
paper offices Of this country suf-
fered under the speed-up system of
piece-wages, and only after a deter
mined fight were they abolished.
Even in that conservative union-the
International Typographical Union
there is not a single official, even of
the most openly reactionary charac-
ter, who would dare propose piece
work. The wrath of the member
ship would drive him from office in
disgrace.
Experience has proved that piece
work in any industry must, in the
l1loL pave, NC VI aver age pSI1SCClOIls
if wages are to be paid in full. One
need not be a MARKHAM to readily
perceive that this is a most fruitful
source of capitalist cheating and
thereby achieving reductions in
wages through imposition of penalties
for "inferior" work, etc. Many other
disastrous effects are well-known
characteristics of piece-work. Not
only does it cause the most fierce
competition between individual work
ers, which breaks down the solidarity
between the workers in a given shop,
but it sets the pace so high that only
the fastest workers can realize liv-
ing wage The desire for still more
wages is an incentive for workers to
labor more than the established union
hours, and even to fight against at
tempts by the union officials to COM
pei observance of union hours. When
the speed-up system has operated for
a given time and it is discovered that
the piece-workers, by a tremendous
expenditure Of energy, are able to
realize higher wages than week
workers, there occurs a REIMBURSEMENT,
a lowering of the piece-rate and fur
Their incentive for still greater speed.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS In CLEVELAND GRUESOME;
WORKERS TRAMP STREETS

day excepted, hundreds of men con-
gregate, hoping to be taken on. AL
though the employment office opens
at eight o'clock, many scores of men
arrive for vantage points as early as
four o'clock in the morning. On
many occasions the large outer office
where the men are permitted to stand
is so filled that hundreds are forced
to wait outdoors. This is not so bad
in summer, but in the colder and
rainy days it is not quite so COM
Portable, especially when many do
not have the warm clothes necessary
in January and February. Often
these large numbers of unemployed
are kept waiting for four and five
hours before the door opens and per-
haps one or two are hired at the rate
of pay dictated by the boss.
Workers Need Unions.
That such conditions exist are due
to the fact that in neither the depart
ment stores nor in the automobile
shops are the workers organized in
to unions. Several sporadic strikes
of individual departments in the
Fisher Body factory have taken place
only to be lost. This was natural, for
the workers must realize that only
through systematic and entire organ
ization of all departments with con-
certed action will successful strikes
be conducted. The time is ripe for
organization. Energetic and respon-
sible leaders are the crying need of
the moment.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
Labor Problems and the
Negro

From Address by William Pickens.
before the Intercollegiate Associa-
ton of New York, in summer session
at Potter, N. j., July oath, 1927.
There is no Negro Labor and
no White Labor There is just
labor, and there are white and black
people among the laborers. There is
a greater proportion of the black than
OF the white population in the labor
ing rank; and therefore anything
that is important for laborers, is still
more important for the colored la
borers.
Cooperation, unionizing, the en-
ployment of organized power is very
important for laborers. The relation
OF wages to the cost of living is very
important for laborers. The legal
rights of labor organizations: the
rights Of group bargaining for
wages, the right of impartial treat
ment by the officers of the law in
cases involving disputes between la
borers and .eheir employers,-these
rights are vital to the interests of
laborers, white, black, or other colors.
Employers do not buy or exploit
color; they trade in labor. The handi-
cap of color, like the handicaps of
age, and sex, or ignorance, may give
a selfish employer an extra advan-
tage in robbing the laborer. But that
would only mean that the Negro la
borer will be more taken advantage
of, and should, therefore, be more in
terested in the defense of labor.
THAT means, logically, that there
should be no Negro labor unions or
white labor unions, but only labor
unions, for laborers. A division in
the ranks of laborers along the ra-
cial line is just as weakening as
division along any other lines what
soever. When white workers force
colored workers into separate unions
by race prejudice or into the open
shop by discrimination, these white
workers are acting directly against
the interests of themselves and of all
other laborers.
"The Negro is not naturally an
open-shop worker or strike-breaker.
He is just willing as any other race
on earth to get more wages and do
less work. He is the same sort of
animal as the rest of mankind"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
The "Amalgamated" Economics
of Mr.. B. S. F1ardman

put this speeding up also has its
= effects on the industry inasmuch
as fewer men do the work required,
with the result that the reserve army
of labor increases. This increase in
the unemployed in the industry also
tends to force down all wages, so the
logic OF piece-work is not only to
increase production for the benefit
of the employer but to reduce wages
instead of increasing them. Hence,
instead of increased production re-
sulting in higher wages, as Hard
man and the rest of the defenders
of class collaboration argue, the eff
feet is always to reduce wages.
The function of trade unions is to
try to weaken to some degree this
natural law Of capitalist production,
by organizing and securing joint ac-
ton of both employed and unem-
ployed workers.
Instead of trying to increase the
production of the individual worker,
every increase in production should
be the incentive for reduction of
hours, a slowing up OF individual
production in order to absorb in in
dustry the reserve army, the unem-
ployed. Only in that way can work
ers resist the encroachments of capt.
talism against their standard of liv-
ing.
A union leader who takes any
other view of the struggle and who
INDUCES in capitalist twaddle about
increased production to increase
wages is an enemy of the working
class and an agent of the employer.
In the face of unimpeachable, scien-
tifically demonstrable economic facts
the case of Beckerman, and his pen
valet, Hartman, breaks down. And
they may use the columns of the
advance" from now until the prole-
tartan revolution in America to re-
vile the DAILY WORKER, because
it exposes their game and fights for
the elementary interests of the
working class, without ever chang
ing by hairs breadth the eco
nomic laws that govern this society
and that brand them as traitors to
the workers they are paid to serve.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
The Workers Party!

In the loss Of Comrade Ruthen-
berg the Workers (Communist) Par
ty has lost its foremost leader and
the American working class it's
staunckest fighter. This loss can only
be overcome by many militant work
ers joining tina Party that he built
Fill out the application below and
mail Z Become a member of the
Workers (Communist) Party and
carry forward the work of Comrads
RuthenberS.
I want to become member of the
Workers (Communist) Party.
Name .................
Address ..........,,,..,
Occupation .,,,.............
Union Affiliation. ..............
Mail this application to the Work.
ers Party, 108 East 18th Street, New
York City; or if in other city to
Workers Party, 1113 ". Washington
BLY,, Chicago, Ill.
Distribute the Ruthenberg pam
phlet, "The Workers (Communist)
Party, What it Stands For and Why
Workers Should Join" This Ruthen-
btrg pamphlet will DC the basic PAM
pallet thruout the Ruthenberg Drive
Every Party Nucleus must collect
80 cents from every member and will
receive 20 pamphlets for every men,
Der to sell or distribute.
Nuclei in the New York District
will get their pamphlets from the Dis
trict office-108 East 14th st.
Nuclei outside of the New York
District write to The DAILY WORK
Err publishing Co., SO East First
Street, New York City, or to the
National Office, Workers Party, lib
w. Washington Blvd. Chicago, Ill.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
The Daily Worker Acknowledges Help
Given to Carnival
ORGANIZATIONS AND COMRADES WHO HELPED IN TIKI
DAILY WORKER CARNIVAL AND FAIR

Dear Comrades The DAILY WORKER wishes
splendid The
Fair by the individual
such outstanding The the Carnival and
the remarkable
workers New York
DAILY WORKER
participated Carnival
WORKER
The establishment of The DAILY WORKER quickly
realized
FOR THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
BERT Business
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
Red Aid HOnOrs Zetkin,
Revolutionary Leader,
With Recruiting Week

BERLIN, July 27.--The Second
Congress of the German Red Aid
Il. c. W. P. Al has arranged spe-
cial recruiting week from July to
July 9 in honor of the SEVENTEEN
birthday of Clara Zetkin, famous
German revolutionary leader and
president Of the international Class
War Prisoners Aid. Local commit
tees of representatives Of all labor
organizations have been formed in
all districts under the leadership of
the Red Aid.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1927-07-28
~ DRAMA IN
Civic Repertory Players
To Continue at 18th st.
Theatre

Eva lie Gallienne who returned
from Europe yesterday informs us
that the Civic Repertory theatres
permanence had been further insured
through the leasing of the Fourteenth
Street theatre for a term of five
years, Miss LIE Gallienne will i'm
mediately begin on two productions.
Reheasals for her first play of next
season, "The Good Hope" will begin
next week, and also of the road com
pany of "Cradle Song"
Bella Vim has been engaged bv
James La Penna to play the leading
role in Paul Gerard Smiths latest
play white Lights" The musical
comedy is scheduled to open in SIAM
ford, Connecticut, August 18th.
Jed Harris has definitely announced
two of his forthcoming productions.
In association with Crosby Gaige.
Harris will present Helen HAYES in
"Coquette," a drama by George Alb
bott and Ann Preston Bridgers. "The
Royal Family" comedy by George
5. Kaufman and Edna Ferber, will
have its premiere some time in Octo-
Der. Other items in the Harris
schedule are a comedy drama of
newspaper life by George S. Brooks,
as yet unnamed; a romantic comedy
by John Erskine, also untitled, and
My Public" comedy by Martha
Madison and Eva K. Flint.
A new play by Daniel Rubin titled,
Women Go On Forever" in which
Mary Boland will be starred, will be
placed in rehearsal next week by
Brady & Wiman in association with
John Cromwell for Broadway show
ing.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
MELLON RAPS
C.OFC.STAND
Call For Big Tax Cut
Is Flayed by Secre-
tary of Treasury

WASHINGTON, d. c., Dec. 3.-t7
The Chamber of Commerce of the
United States was charged today by
Secretary Mellon with having pre-
sented surprising misconception OF
facts and things hardly worthy Of
q business mems report in urging a
$40O. 100000 reduction in Taxes.
Mr.. Mellon wrote to Lewis Z. Pier
son. vice president of the chamber,
in a continuation of the controversy
that has arisen between them over
the size Of the tax reduction TO be
made by the congress which begins
sessions on Monday. The treasury
favors a 1925, 900, 900 reduction
while q slash Of $236,0O0.000 is pro-
posed in the revenue bill drafted by
the house ways and means COM
mittee.
BY its own argument, the seere-
tary said. the chamber disproved the
wisdom Of repeating the excise tax
on automobiles or on admission and
club dues as IL would make a too
narrow tax base and force the gov
eminent 10 rely solely on the in
come tax on corporations and indi-
viduals. the tobacco tax and Gus
toms duties.
In conclusion. the secretary said
"Let me take serious exception to
the statement in the chambers re-
port that there would be no great
cause for alarm even though a de-
ficit should. through unexpected de-
velopments, arise in any event"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
HURT TRYING
TO Save KIN
Matamoros Youth In
Serious Condition
At Victoria

Injured while attempting to save
his brother from the attack of a
love-crazed youth armed with a
knife Enrique Hernandez, IL. son Of
DIR. Benito Hernandez, Sr., Of Mata-
moros, is said TO be in a serious con-
dition in Victoria, Mexico. The
brother, Benito Hernandez, Jr., 20.
was fatally stabbed in the affray.
The cutting took place Thursday
night at a dance in n private home
in Victoria where the boy who was
slain went to school. The trouble is
said 70 have been over a girl, who
was keeping company with the young
man who did the cutting. The lat
ter is said 10 have warned the ell
der Hernandez boy not to dance with
the girl, and to ha~e attacked him
with knife when thSFarning went
Enrique, rushing tofthe assistance
Of his brother, was seriously in
jured, while Benito received wounds
that caused his death.
Benito was attending medical
school in Victoria, while Enrique, a
Mexico City student, had stopped for
him on his way home to spend the
Christmas holidays with his family.
Both are well known in Browns
vile, having attended grammar
school and high school here.
The father and mother have gone
10 Victoria TO be at the bedside OF
the wounded boy and to make funer-
al arrangements for Benito.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04

City's Taxpayers
Think Well of so
Cent Cut IN Rate

General expressions Of approval:
and a suggestion that the city pur-
chase a large tract of land for sale
at minimum cost to manufactures
who probably will desire to locate
here as a result of it, were voiced by
Brownsville taxpayers Saturday over
the reduction Of so cents in the tax
rate by the city commission.
This reduction coupled with the
30 cent reduction last year gives the
city a cut in taxes of almost one
dollar on each hundred dollar valu-
alton of property, and brings the
taxes here to the lowest point in Is
years, observers state.
Opinion that the step was a good
one and would be a wonderful adyer-
tisement for the city was expressed
by practically everyone approached
concerning the matter.
The proposal for the land tract
purchase by the city was made by
Jesse bennett after he had expressed
the opinion that the tax reduction
move had been one Of Nths biggest
things the commission has done in
many a day.
"Due to the extremely high tax
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04

same position there that he IL to
hold here.
He expressed himself as immense
ly pleased with his new territory.
saying that he thought the Lower
Flo Grande Valley had the greatest
future Of any section Of the United
States at this time.
Although he Is holding the same
rank and tskle that his old position
carried, he feels that the priEileEe
OF coming 70 the Valley IL IN pro-
motion. he stated. f
Decision to locate the Valley head
quarters Of the Pennsylvania lines in
Brownsville is a direct result Of the
recent visit here Of General ". ".
Atterbury. vice president Of the
lines, who vas greatly pleased with
this section.
He also considers the Valley ca
having great possibilities. and ~
said 20 fRTor Brownsville above all
other citiez.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
Western League
Row Is Unsettled

DALLAS, Tex, Dec. 3.-tF|-Un-
able to decide whether the Tulsa and
Oklahoma City baseball clubs should
be allowed TO withdraw from the
Western League and enter the Tex
as League. the National Board Of
Arbitration still was in session be-
hind closed doors here tonight at
1880 o'clock after more than three
hours Of discussion.
Owners OF the Tulsa and Okla
homa City clubs, IL was learned. ap-
pearing before the board declared Il
was essential that their withdrawal
be permitted. Decreased receipts
in recent seasons and the lack Of a
constitution and bylaws in the
Western League were cited as their
reasons for wishing to quit that
circuit.
Representatives OF the other six
clubs. who also were before the
board. informed arbitors that with
drawal of Tulsa and Oklahoma City
would materially weaken the West
ern League, and urged that the
transfer be denied.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
Pennsylvania To Open
Valley Offices Here

Valley headquarters for the Penn
sylvania railroad is to be estab-
hshed in Brownsville within the
next 10 days. IL was announced here
Saturday by George Crank and Roy
Harvey, district freight and pas
senger agents respectively for the
lines. Both are Of San Antonio and
came here 20 assist in establishing
the new offices.
George A. Precht, #f Portland.
oregan. has been appo&ted head OF
the local Pennsylvania offices with
title Of travelling freight and pas
serger agent.
He made the trip here with Mr..
Harvey and Mr.. Crank. No definite
location for the office has Seen de-
eided upon. but it win be 81. some
downtown point. II was said.
Mr.. Precht's dutien win rArzH him
all over the Valley.
The official was formerly I'm
charge an the Oregon and idaho kcr9
ritory fer his company holding the
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
FRENCHSTILL
HOLDING DOTY
Foreign Legion Starts
American Home Un-
der Guard

ORAN, Algiers, Dec. 8.-CFt-The
French foreign legion tonight still
had Bennett J. Doty Of Biloxi, Miss,
under its control and he was still
"Gilbert Clare" the name under
which he enlisted, despite notifica-
tion Of his release.
Regardless Of the technical re-
lease given him at Sidi Bel Aida
yesterday, he was tonight aboard
the tramp frighter Tafna. some
where south Of the Balearic Is
lands, reduced to the regular ration
Of thin soup.
Then French military authorities
are going to take him at bis word
that he wants to 20 home and
place him aboard New York
bound liner at Cherbourg, or La
Hayre- His colonel told him he was
free yesterday at Sidi Bel Abba. but
his sergeant told him otherwise here
and he is being chaperoned MS far
as Marseilles on the way home.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1927-12-04
FIGHT LOOMS
CONGRESS
MEET NEARS
House Organization to
Be Easy But G. 0. P.
Faces Hard Battle in
Senate Monday

WASHINGTON, D. c., Dec. s.-tPl
Facing a host OF problems and a
number Of controversies political and
otherwise, the 10th congress will
convene at noon Monday for its first
session, which may run for at least
six months.
The republicans again have a ma
jority in both the house and senate,
ranks, particularly in the senate
they will hack the ability to put
through the entire legislative pro-
gram which President Coolidge will
propose in his annual message.
There will be no difficulty for the
republicans to organize the house
with their election of Nicholas Long
worth Of Ohio, as speaker, but the
republican old guard in the senate
has a problem on its hands in seek
ing TO pacify the western independ-
ents who have submitted a legisla-
tive program and demanded assur-
ances of early action upon il.
Moses TO BE Leader
Senator Moses Of New Hampshire,
has been renominated BY the repub-
licans as president protempore and
probably will be reelected, but q
situation now is shaping up whereby
there IS a possibility that the demo-
Gratis will have to fill the sub
ordinate senate offices even against
their own desire.
While a good start has been made
on the legislative program especially
by house committees, none Of the
many measures with which fha uayy
congress will have q wrestle will find
particularly easy shedding once they
have eft the barrier in the house.
This will be due in a measure to the
extremely narrow division between
the republican and democratic MEM
bership in the senate. where the bal
ance OF power is held by the western
independents who have their own
firm ideas as to the precise form the
major measures should take.
Senate Fight Looms
Senators and representatives find
Continued on page eleven)