davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
ANNIVERSARY BANQUET

The Grand Pacific hotel will be
the scene Of banquet, program and
dancing party Tuesday evening cele-
bratine the twenty second anniversary
A large number Of members have
planned to attend. The banquet viii!
be held at ! o'clock and a program Of
ncction with it. The dancing party
will follow.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

PROGRESSIVE MOTHERS CLUB
The Progressive Mothers club will
meet Tuesday evening at 3 o'clock at
the home of Mrs. H. E. Stewart.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
ON EASTERN TRIP

DR.. w. H. Bodenstab left Sunday
evening for Chicago. Ill.,, where he
will attend meeting, medical di-
rectors Of the American Life conven-
ton. From Chicago DR.. Bodenstab
will 60 east and will visit in a num-
Der Of Atlantic coast cities including
Washington, D. c., and Baltimore,
Md
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

HERE SATURDAY
Mrs. J. N. Carigan Of Fort Yates
was in the city Saturday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
rAsTERN STAR TO MEET

The regular meeting Of the East
ern Star will Be held Tuesday eve
ming at 8 o'clock at the Masonic Tenn
pie. There will BE initiation and re-
'freshments. All members are asked
to be present and visiting members
are cordially invited.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
TN NAY rETE CAST

1 Miss Barbara Register has been
selected % one Of the cast for the
annual May Fete at the university
Of North Dakota to be held May ~
and 20.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

MOVE TO NEW HOME
Mr.. and Mrs. w. s. Rohrcr moved
into their new home on Avenue f to-
day.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
HOME

Miss Eva K. Weiand has returned
to her home in Hebron after few
days visit in Bismarck.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
HOSPITAL ALUMNI

The Bismarck Hospital Alumni AS
sociation will meet Tuesday evening
at 8 o'clock at the home Of Mrs. II. A.
Brandes, SO Fourth street.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
SON BORN

A son was born to Mr.. and Mrs.
Leo Daley Of Braddock this morning
at the st. Alexius hospital.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

1.-THE Charm School," pre-
scented by Mandan high school
seniors, Thursday, May $,
8:15 p. M. at the Palace The
atre, Mandan.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
VISITS DAIICHTER

Mrs. J. c. Dorrance and grandson,
Jack Fox, of Hope are in the city for
two weeks visit with Mrs. Della
Fox at the Woodmansee apartments.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
RETr,RN HOME

Mrs. b. &. Ceoythen and Mrs. G. r.
GcoAthcn have returned to their
homes in Fort Rice after a few days
visit in Bismarck.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

Many people are taking
advantage of the wonderful
bargains offered ut the Bis
l:.arck Cloak Shop.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
vUCCY CND vrcrropC

Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Westrum and
Mrs. w. c. Grace Of Raleigh visited
in Bismarck over the weekend.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
RyYSrNESS MEETrNC

The Business and Professional
Women's club will hold its regular
business meeting Tuesday evening at
s o'clock in the club rooms. A large
attendance Is desired as business Of
Importance IS to come up.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
Hints on Etiquet

1. Is it customary and proper to
enclose a visiting card with the new
address of bridal couple in the
lower right corncr3
2. Docs an invitation to a church
require an answer?
3. Does an invitation to a we'd
ding reception or breakfast require
an answer?
The Answers
YoS
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
EI.ECTED TO IRON MASK

ELECTED TO IRON MASK
Earl Benser, Bismarck, is one Of
four University Of North Dakota stu
dents to be elected to Iron Mask.
honor society at the school.
OFFICER OF VOTERS LEAGUE
Miss Helen Crawford Of this city
has been elected treasurer OF the
League Of Women Voters at the Uni
vcrsity Of North Dakota.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
HERE FROM STERLING

HERE FROM STERLING
/ Miss Mary Ellison, formerly EN-.
ployed in Bismarck, and Mr.. and
Mrs. E. F. Sapp and daughter, Violet,
Of Sterling. visited in Bismarck Sat-
urday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
70 STEEI.E

Miss Nell Byrne, division instruc-
tor Of the Northwestern Bell telc-
phone company, left this morning for
Steele on Z. business trip.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

RETURNS TO. WILTON
Miss Mary Elliott has returned to
her home in Wilton after . week
end visit here. :. s
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
,sroYm YNr uYCMAprY

VISIT IN BISMARCK
Miss Mabel Everson and Miss Nor
ma Long Of Washburn were visitors
in Bismarck over the weekend.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
ACCEPTS POSITION

been visiting friends in the city for
few days.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
GUEST OF FRIENDS

Miss Honda Lynn Of Linton was
the CUES. Of friends in Bismarck over
the weekend.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

VISITS HERE
Miss Hazel E. Rapp Of Wilton has
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

VISIT IN MINNEAPOLIS
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl r. Drsper have
zone to Minneapolis for few days
visit. They are expected to return
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
PARENTS OF DAUGHTER

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Bessinger Of
Hebron are the parents Of a daughter
born Sunday at the St. Alcxius hospi-
tai.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

RETURNS TO JAMESTOWN
John Knauf, former supreme court
Judge, has returned TO his home In
jamestown after = visit in Bismarck.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
VISITS MOTHER

Mrs. Wallace O. Conklin Of Cen.
tralia, WASH, has arrived in Bismarck
for an extended visit with her moth
er, Mrs. Nora J. Cochran. Mrs
Conklin was formerly Miss Zabella V,
Cochran Of this city.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

Mrs. Hilda Joslin has accepted q
position with the motor vehicle de-
partment.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
TO MINNEAPOLIS

TO MINNEAPOLIS
Lelis Glemestad left this incoming
for Minneapolis where he will make
bis home. ,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

liam DcKleine, Fargo; Miss JuliG 6. Z
McDonough. Minot. and DR.. hoy.
Lynde, Glendale.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

RETURNS TO REGAIN
Jim NcTadgen has returned to
Regain after short visit in the city.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
SISTER

Miss Jordis Raftseth of Mof{it
spent the weekend In Bismarck with
her sisters,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

, HERE ON DUGlAESB
] ~. Maxwell of CrGzten II =
business visiter II IN eity.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

HERE SATURDAY
Miss Emma Parker ot Cromwell
Waited friends here Saturday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
uepE nm nTIQYNESa

Z. John J.. Clarity. Wilton, was I
business visitor In the city Saturday
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

OFFICER OF FORENSIC SOCIETY
Miss Emily Olson Of Bismarck has
been chosen vice president Of Kappa
Psi Omicron, women's forensic So
ciety, at the University Of North Da-
kota.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02
VISITS SISTER

Mrs. o. s. Peterson and daughter
Evelyn Mae, Of Devils Lake, left for
home yesterday after weeks visit
in Bismarck with her sister, Mrs.
Alice W. York.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1927-05-02

Inc Gf0no kaclIlc nOteI Will DC |
the scene Of banquet, program and
dancing party Tuesday evening cele- |
brating the twenty-second anniversary |
Of the A. O. u. w. lodge in Bismarck.
A large number of members have
planned to attend. The banquet will |
be held at I o'clock and program Of
music and toasts will be given in con-
ncction with it. The dancing party |
will follow.
BUSINESS MEETING
The Business and Professional
Women's club will hold its regular
business meeting Tuesday evening at
8 o'clock in the club rooms. A large
attendance is desired a. business Of
Importance Is to come up.
VISITS MOTHER
Mrs. Wallace o. Conklin of Cen.
tralia, WASH, has arrived in Bismarck
for an extended visit with her moth
Conklin was formerly Miss Zabella v.
Cochran Of this city.
OFFICER OF FORENSIC SOCIETY
Miss Emily Olson Of Bismarck has
been chosen vice president Of Kappa
Psi Omicron, women's forensic 50.
ciety, 1t the University Of North Da-
kota.
VISITS SISTER
Mrs. O. s. Peterson and daughter
Evelyn Mae, Of Devils Lake, left for
home yesterday after q weeks visit
in Bismarck with her sister, Mrs.
Alice W. York.
TO STEELE
Miss Nell Byrne, division tnstruc-
tor Of the Northwestern Bell telc-
phone company, left this morning for
Steele on Z. business trip.
VISIT IN MINNEAPOLIS
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl r. Draper. have
rome to Minneapolis for few days
visit. They are expected to return
Thursday.
VISIT IN BISMARCK
Miss Mabel Everson and Miss Nor
ma Long Of Washburn were visitors
in Bismarck over the weekend.
TO MINNEAPOLIS
Lelis Glemestad left this morning
for Minneapolis where he will make
his home.
RETURNS TO WILTON
Miss Mary Elliott has returned to
her home in Wilton after . week
end visit here. s.
RETURN FROM MINNEAPOLIS
Mr.. and. Mrs. Dave Patient have
retvrned from : two weeks visit In
the Twin Cities. ss
BUSINESS VISITOR
D. 3. wharton Of Mckenzie was .
business visitor In the city Saturday.
RETURNS 70 REGAIN
Jim McTadgen has returned to
Regan after short visit in the city.
HERE ON BUSINESS
&. John J.. Clarity. wilton. was
business visitor In the city Saturday.
VISITS IN JAilESTOWN
Mrs. Alice ". York spent Sunday
In jamestown visiting tfisnds.
HERE SATURDAY
Miss Emma Parker o1 Cromwell
visited friends hers Saturday.
HERE on DuSIagEs6
/ ], ~. Maxwsll 81 Crakten i =
business visitor n ~ eity.
Special "a -day - o y
49, 1 ! I ! : . elle -
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
LEGAL NOTICES
NOTICE OF SALE OF STORED
 ARTICLES

Notice is hereby given that on the 23rd day of May, 1927, at the hour of 2 p. m., in the lobby of the Liberty Theatre, Seward Alaska, I shall sell to the highest bidder certain articles, ownership unknown, that have been stored in said Liberty Theatre for the last 24 months, having been un- claimed and the storage charges on same unpaid during that time.
 Said articles are:
 15 reels of exposed motion picture films, in three metal containers. The 15 reels is divided into 8 groups of |5 reels each, each group constituting a complete picture story feature, one being:
 "Silk Hosiery" Thomas H. Ince di- rection.
 Another, Little Miss abellion.' Another, Wagon Tracks" Thomas H. Ince direction.
 D. 0. BROWNELL,
 Manager Liberty Theatre. Date first publication April 23, 1927. Date last publication May 21, 1927.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
GATEWAY sToRY PUBLISHED IN
 SEATTLE P. l.

The lengthy article recently pub lished in the Gateway pertaining to the exhuming of bones of the long since dead from the Russian Orthodox cemetery at Kodiak to make way for possible entry of large cold storage plant, appears in it's entirety in a late issue of the Seattle Post Intel lingencer
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
LEGAL NOTICE
FINAL PROOF ENTRY
 Anchorage, Alaska.

Anchorage, Alaska.
 March 4, 1927. Notice is hereby given that Fred Irving Munson, entryman, together with his witnesses, Jack Tansy, and J. J. Jensen, all of Seldovia, Alaska has submitted final proof on his homestead entry, Serial 04626, for lands situated on Ismailof Island, latitude 59o 36' N. longitude 151o 12 30' W. U. s. SurveyNo. 1880, and is now in the files of the U. s. Land Office, at Anchorage, Alaska, and ii no protest is filed within the period of publication, or thirty days there after said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued.
 J. LINDLEY GREEN
 Register. First Publication March 19.
 Last Publication May 14
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
MRS. BENDER HAS OPERATION

Mrs. T. C. Bender, wife of purser Bender of the s. s. Starr, was op- erated on in the Swedish hospital in Seattle on Monday May g, and is do- ing well, according to Mir. Bender. She is expected to return home the forepart of July.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
ID EMPLOY TRAPPERs
 OF PREDATORY ANIMALS

Among the bills passed by the late Legislature is House bill Mo- 69, "To provide for procuring the services of predatory animal trappers for Alaska, to prescribe their duties and appro- priate funds for their salaries and eX- penses," and is as follows:
 Section 1. The Governor is hereby authorized to procure the services of scientifically trained predatory animal trappers or hunters for service in Alaska to designate their field of ac- tion and otherwise carry out the pro- visions of this act. The Governor is further authorized to enter into an agreement with the Alaska Game Commission or Bureau of Biological Survey, or both, to cooperate with the Territory in carrying out the purpose of this act.
 Section ?. The predatory animal trapper or hunters herein provided for shall be trappers or hunters who have been scientifically trained by the De- partment of Agriculture for the sup pression of predatory animals and who have been employed in such work and are recognized by the said depart ment as experts. The Governor shall fix the amount of the salaries of such trappers or hunters which shall not be more than S3,6OO per annum And the Governor shall arrange to pay the actual travelling expenses and also to pay for necessary equipment, supplies and help while in the field.
 Section 3. It shall be the duties of such trappers or hunters to attempt to eradicate the wolves and coyotes in Alaska by whatever methods they deem best adapted for the purpose, and it shall be their further duty to give instructions to resident trappers, hunters and game wardens whenever possible.
 Section 4. Animals or skins of animals captured or taken by employees of the Territory under this act shall be the property of the Territory of Alaska, and shall be sold by the Ter ritory at public auction duly adver- tised and held in Alaska and the moneys so derived shall be covered into the general funds of the Territory of Alaska. Provided, however, that if. in the judgment of the Governor that any animal or pelt so coming un- der the ownership of the Territory, is more valuable for scientific, educa tional or exhibition purposes than for commercial purposes he may divert the same to the use or to the safe keeping of any public institution with in the Territory.
 Section ,. There is hereby appro- priated out of the moneys of the Ter ritorial Treasury not otherwise ap- propriated the sum of $10,OOO or as much thereof as is necessary to carry out the provisions of this act.
 Approved May 2, 1927"
 The finest Safety Razor ID the world
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

Latest Brunswick photographs and records. Schallerer's Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

The finest Safety Razor ID the world at s15. Schallerer's Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

The Gateway leads; other follow.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

My chickens are fed on the best se- lected grain. The eggs are sweet and fresh Sold at the Seward Trad ing company for 55c dozen. J. F. Mefford.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

NEAT APPEARING REP RESENTATIVE in Seward te show PICNIC" Frocks and childrens HAND EMBROIDERED dresses Work all or part time. Easily earn $35 weekly and have business of your own. NO INVESTMENT Write today. Pickwick Mfg. Co.,, Fit. Wayne, Ind
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
LEGAL NOTICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GENERAL LAND OFFICE u. s. LAND OFFICE-ANCHORAGE, Al AckA MARCH % 1927

U. .
 ALASKA, MARCH 22, 1927.
 Notice is hereby given that Charles Edgar Lambert, entryman, together with his witnesses, Henry Ohlson, and John R. Crittendon, all of Homer, Alaska has submitted final proof on his homestead entry Serial 05448, for the N 1-2 SW 1-4, lots 3 and i, Section 21, T. s. R. 13 w. s. M., and is now in the files in the U. S. Land Office at Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local Land Office at Anchorage, within the period of publication, or thirty days thereafter, said final proof will be accepted and final certificate is sued. J. LINDLEY GREEN.
 First publication May 2, 1927.
 Last publication June z, 1927.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

FOR sALE-2oo- 1oo-75-5o-25 H. P. Fairbanks Morse v Type Diesel Engines. 1oo-5o-25 H. P. De La Vergne Diesel Engines, also Diesel and Steam Engine Generator Sets, Mining and Hydraulic Equipment. Write or wire F. w. CORDES co.
 619 Pioneer Building,
 Seattle, Washinuton
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

DIVISION, SEWARD PRECINCT, AT SEWARD
 NO. 133
 In the Matter of the Estate of GEORGE SCHMIDT, Deceased. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN by the undersigned, EXecutriX of the es- tate of George Schmidt, deceased, to the creditors of, and all persons hay ing claims against, the said deceased to exhibit them, with the necessary vouchers, within six months after the first publication of this notice, to the said Executrix, at her residence in the Town of Seward, Third Division, Ter ritory of Alaska, the same being the place for the transaction of the busi- ness of said estate. Dated Seward, Alaska, May 9th, 1927.
 EDITH SCHMIDT,
 Executrix of said Estate First publication May 10, 1927. Last Publication June IT, 1927.
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14
LEGAL NOTICE

NOTICE TO CREDITORS IN THE PROBATE COURT FOR THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA, THIRD DIVISION, SEWARD PRECINCT, AT SEWARD
Seward daily gateway., 1927-05-14

Special made half-soles for ladles shoes. Look like turned soles $1.75 Seward Leather Works.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1927-11-17
Tine Work by Chamber of Commerce.
fAnehorage Times.)


 With the approval of the report of R j.. sonlmers Territorial Highway Engineer. it safe lv may be said that the Anchorage -Matanuska wagon road project s under way. Just as soon as weathes conditions will permit ill the spring, road builders of the Alaska Road Comnlss on will start actual work on the road and the work will continue until the full allotment or s2oV0O has heen cxpended More money will be set aside the following year and the road building wii' nroceed each summer until he Anchorage and Matauueka road systems connected. givine tn e,rners of the Matanuska Valley easy access to ctv markets and making the splendid roads or the farming and mining belts accessible to An eAegage motorists.
 year ago such project seeEled q remote possibility. The need of highway to pilase the distance between the two communities was rssos il zea as urgent but there we're not many VII. believed that official sanction could be optalheu for ifs construction. In tne face of daubt ahc ys,th scant Endorsement the Anchorage Chamber of f,omnerce set itself to Ae task or putin inc snroiect over: it made major issue and from that time until favorable act on was obtained at Juneau perssteht and carefully di rooted aampaien was carried on Opposition gave usv h, fore the convincing arguments presented and the movement in the end found ltsei pr'- peNed hy a united public sent ment
 Int for the initiative atken by the ohamn'' in this matter preparations would no, HOW pS ,,,aar way far the commencement of work Tn .tbe en,lne The regourcefulness and deterh'lha tion of those who directed the campaign sung nish them and they are to ite congratuia'cd TOT inc fine work they have done.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1927-11-17
The Yak in Alaska.
lSeward Gateway )


 Exneriments in crossing yak of ilpe' "ith inc Galloway cattle at the Government hNpeiF nent Earm near Fairbanks. which 'has been car : ,;ed on during the last four years. nave proou'eu a hardy animal that preserves most of the goo" qualities of both breeds .,,..
 rhis cross the gallayak may do Tor AiasN' in lime even more than the reindeer mas aohe or could do. a ,.,
 The yak is native to the plateahs ana Var lovs of Central Asia 12000 feet and more' aposs soa level It forages for itself all wih'ef o' dried grasses and lives in the open Ill tue eoiu7 ast weather of those high regions
 The valleys of Central Alaska nave ei's,ae ,a.ae and grass feed where the yak thrives petter than in it's native environments.
 Its meat is equal to the best neei- u sNes FIVE good supply of rich milk. It's coat ol ha,' ;s reallv wool from four to six incnes ions, The natives of Central Asia use the yak wooi @ for weaving cloth and blankets, as we use the wool of sheep. ,, f hnr-
 The yak is also valuable as peas. oi .. pa' aan The Asiatics work it to blows ana Wasons '' ,sa if as n pack animal, and get all servlee i general from it that we get rom ea''e anu horses together. as oonoan;a, The yak. or gallayak, can find eonsenia lhoma in Central Alaska, where some aay may roan the ranges in drove of thousahos'
 It should be a source of large proh' III '''"''
The Daily Alaska empire., 1927-11-17
GAN HE MAKE GOOD?

Rear Admiral Magruder who charged extrava- gance and inefficiency in the Navy, declaring for $500, GOO, ,000 expended the country got only S20D 000, GOO worth of Navy and who was later relieved of his post as commandant of the Phila- delphia Navy Yard and ordered to Washington, has been given the status of waiting orders after conference with Secretary Wilbur. Il is said 10 be the purpose of the Navy Department to give the Admiral plenty of time and oppor- tunity to work out measures to correct the de- nciencies with which he charged it.
 This is an unusual mission and one which Admiral Magruder should welcome. As he still draws full salary and allowances. it works no hardships on him His criticisms which were
 made in moderate language and without being cart'ous. aroused much interest throughout the country lie was credited with sincerity of desire 10 improve conditions iR the branch of the na- tional service of which lie is hign officer It is hoped that he will he successful in devisins means of rencdyng thc situation he defietad 1T if really exists.