davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker., 1927-04-23

gro in America has advanced in al
most every branch of human activity.
His educational advance we have
noted. In economic life also he has
progressed. Immediately following
the Civil war the Negro was engaged
in approximately forty different busi-
ness occupations; today he is engaged
in over two hundred kinds Of trades
and business projects. There are
about one hundred Negro banks with
resources equivalent to $2O,O0O,O0O a
dozen state wide business leagues
and score of local leagues in a
number of states.
One of the important economic
forces behind the development of this
new Negro is the vast migration of
black people from southern to north
ern latitudes. In this sweeping hegira,
economic law has been predominant.
The entire migration has been one
of economic circumstances. The old
belief that it was persecution which
hastened the Negroes from their
Southern novels to Northern ghettoes
was decisively exploded by recent
correlation made between Southern
counties in which lynching had oc-
CURED during the thirty-year period
1S8S-1918, and the migration to and
from these counties. (See Charles
Johnson's article on The Negro Mi
grations in The Modern Quarter Vol.
ii, No. 4, page 314, which presents
the most valuable study Of this mi
grafton problem that has been made.)
For instance, in Jasper county, Ga,
where nine lynchings were effected,
the greatest number for any county
of the state in thirty years, the Ne
gro population increased between
1890-1920, while the white popuIa-
tion during 1900-10 actually decreas-
ed. In Harrison county, Texas, which
has the largest number of Iynchings
(16) of any county in the state, the
Negro population increased from 15.-
544 to 1859. In other words lynch
ing, the most severe and flgrant form
of persecution, does not depopulate
communities of their Negro inhab-
itants.
In view of all these changes, we see
that the Negro as a social and eco
nomic group is passing through a
stage of rapid evolution. The pos
sibilities of this change being stem
med, or diverted into futile channels.
are enormous. Already the economic
philosophy of the Negro is conserva-
tive. Already it has accepted a score
of American myths. That it has ac-
copied these things as result of its
having been an enslaved group, and
is continuing many of them because it
is still submerged class, is obvious
to radical sociologist. Now that the
Negro is beginning to grow as a So
cial and economic group, it is impor-
tant that his philosophy does not be-
come entangled with the webs of
American liberalism, and thus be led
into political cul de sac. 1t is i'm
The daily worker., 1927-04-23

IN TINS day when Holiday Nlggef,
4 and Porgy have been succeeded by
Niger Heaven and Black April, and
new books by and about Negroes
seem to multiply almost with every
dawn, it is wise to take inventory of
the situation.
While the Negro problem is funda-
mentally economic, its recent stir has
been largely within the sphere of the
books. Few problems have absorbed
so profoundly the attention of the
reading public. Between 1923 and
1924, for instance, thirty books, COW
ering a diversity of themes: fiction,
poetry, essays, history, sociology
religion, were written by Negroes,
and over eighty books concerned with
the Negro and the Negro problem,
covering the same diversity of topics,
were written by whites. The Negro
press itself is an important contribu-
tory factor in the cultivation of the
Negro writer. In 1863 there were
only two newspapers in the United
States published by Negroes. Today
there are 412 periodicals published by
or for colored people; 70 religious, 85
pertaining to education, Z magazines
of general literature, 80 fraternal or
gans and 220 newspapers. Today
there are prize contests that are run
every year by two leading Negro
magazines, the Crisis and OppOrtu-
nifty, which are an additional inspIr-
alton to the young Negro writer. AL
though the work of the older Negro
writers from Dunbar to Chestnut
developed without the incentive Of
prize contests, it can be said without
exaggeration that the development
of the Negro press, and in, particular
the encouragement of prize contests,
have helped to promote if not stimu-
late the work of Countee Cullen and
Langston Hughes.
The new Negro is thought of as
synonymous with these new achieve
ments in the novel, drama, and
poetry. Alain Locke's recent volume
The New Negro is devoted primarily
to things artistic. While There is
Confusion has passed into a welcome
limbo, the young Negro intellectual
still follows the expressions of the
Negro in fiction and poetry with an
avid curiosity that too often excludes
interest in matters economic and po-
litical. In Walter Whites Fire in the
Flint and Flight, or Eric Waldron's
Tropic Death. Langston Hughes
Weary Blues or Fine Clothes to the
jew, or COuntee Cullen's Color or Jean
Toomer's Cane, is seen the evolution
Of the New Negro. This new Negro
thus becomes an art product. In a
way he becomes an isolated phenom-
enon, separate from the economic
struggle of his people.
The cause of this phenomenon Is
peculiar. Out of the Negro masses
has emerged Negro intellectual. Edu-
cation has created new type of Ne
gro. The strides in educational ad-
The daily worker., 1927-04-23

The cause of this phenomenon Is
peculiar. Out of the Negro masses
has emerged a Negro intellectual. Edu-
cation has created new type of Ne
gro. The strides in educational ad-
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

muscular-lunged barristers of the
state, and commanders and staff Of
ficers of the silk stocking and silver
buckle brigade. On the part of Hell
ena it seems to be a regular dress
parade campaign, in which Pullman
sleepers and dining cars, opera houses
and mandolins clubs, ex-senators, ex-
judges, eX-cOngressmen, eX-gOvernors,
ex-U. S. attorneys and ex-milliOn-
aires of the temporary capital con-
spicuously figure. Such a brilliant
array of equippages, of brass, brain
and Doodle, accompanied by such a
flOurishing of trumpets and a beating
Of bass drums was never seen and
heard before in all these Rocky noun
tain regions.
The meaning of all this is that the
little, unpretentious city of Anaconda,
modern beehive of productive and
remunerative industry, headquarters
of the overall and tin bucket brigade,
has the audacity to aspire to become
the permanent seat of government of
the great state of Montana. Surely
something dreadful is going to hap
pen, as all Helena with its seventeen,
more or less, mllliOnalreS IN distress,
its two score of high-tOned politicians
out of a job, and it's soap and crack
er factories running on short time, is
moved from. center to circumference,
at it's wits end over the prospective
calamity"
/ In the meantime Anaconda is
cheerfully and cOmplacently pursuing
the even tenor of its way, saying but
little yet industriously saving wood
trusting its meritorious cause to the
good judgment and integrity of the
masses, whose righteous decision will
be emphatically recorded at the bal
lot box on the sixth of November
next.
Ten days hence the battle will have
been fought and the victory won, anC
it is but reasonable to anticipate that
the zone man town" with its 50C
babies a year, its 5000 honest anC
industrious workingmen and it:
steady payroll of $1,000 day will
have achieved a triumphant victory.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE
Billings, Montana
Serial No. O29214

October 8, 1927
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN: That
Nelson Story Jr., of Bozeman,s Mon
tana, on Oct. 6, 1927, filed an appliea-
ton to exchange lands, in accordance
with the provisions of the act of
March 20, 1922 (42 Stat, 1857, and
offers to convey to the United States,
the following: In TIP. 8 S. R. 5 East,
M. P. NJ, (Right-of-way acres, de-
ducted). Sec. IL, SWA SEA, 40 acres,
less 1913, acres, net 38.07 Sec. 20, M
NEA, 120 acres, less LAP acres, net
1883 Sec. 21, Metes and bounds,
Tract A of Exchange survey, No. 1243,
28.40 acres less 1.79 acres, net 1851;
Sec. %, Metes and bounds Tract "B".
of Exchange survey, No. 1243, 7.O8
acres less .21 acres, net, 6.87.
Total acres 195.48, less r of W..
acres, 5.35, net 1908 acres. Upon the
acceptance of title by the United
States for the foregoing described
lands, the applicant agrees to accept
in lieu therefor the following describ-
ed National Forest Lands:
In Township 9 South Range 5 East,
M. P. NJ, Sec. 21, Metes and bounds
Tract "C'' of Exchange Survey, No.
1243 - 3.75 acres; Sec. %, NWA
NEANWH, N15NWANWA, SWA
NWH NWA, N1k SEA NW14 NWA
NJ SWA NEH NWH, VIZ SWA
INWN; Sec. %, NWANWH SWA, S1a
NW14 SWA, SWA SWA, VIZ NEA
SEA NEA, NWA SEA NEA, NJ
SWANEH, E15NEH SE4zNWA, N12
SWA ASEANWA, 1880 and the total
being 1875 acres, within the Gallatin
National Forest.
Any and all persons claiming the
lands, above described, or having any
bona fide objections to such applica-
tion should file their protests with the
Register of the United States Land
Office, at Billings, Montana, on or be-
fore the 18th day of. November, 1927
H. DRUM, Register
(First publication October 21, 1927
| (Last publication November IL, 1927
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
STORING BUTTER
FOR WINTER USE

If the summer supply of butter in
the farm home is larger than is used
by the family and the winter supply
is less than is desirable, it is some
times convenient to store the summer
surplus for use in winter. To insure
good keeping qualities in butter the
United States department of agricul-
ture has found it best to use Pasteur-
lied sweet cream. The cream should
be churned at a low temperature and
the butter washed so that it will be
firm and waxy.
Rolls or prints of butter should be
wrapped in parchment butter paper,
placed in a stone crock, and covered
with strong brine. This preserves the
butter much better than packing it
SsrYnl.- in a crock and covering the
sUTiS merely with paper or with
5ry g~ - psraffin. Brine storage is
naI ch pi fershle paraffin coating,
scaipg III 90 parchment pa
aeT eogeriK &. forage crock.
Butter 81 =: - p, red IS "ool a
place as il "a {. md - , fiace
free from odors .keiy to be absorbed
by the tutter.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
THE COUNTY BOND CASE.
The Commissioners Defeated for the
Third Time

The third decision in the county
bond case was delivered by the dis
trict court last Monday.
The defendants had filed their
amended answer to the plaintiffs
complaint and Messrs. COckrill and
Pierce, attorneys for the plaintiffs,
believing the amended answer did not
deny the allegations of the complaint
or set up any defense, fled motion
for Judgment on the pleadings, which
motion was fully argued before Judge
Hartman, judge prot tenn. After TAX
ing the same under advisement he
rendered his decision on Monday
morning, sustaining the motion and
ordering judgment for the plaintiffs
on the pleadings.
Judge Hartman, in an exhaustive
opinion, held that the board Of county
commissioners could not borrow for
a "single purpose, to wit: "That of
ceeding $4,000 without first submit
ting the question to vote of the peO-
pie; that such act of the board in at
tempting to borrow a sum in oexcess
of $4,000 was contrary to the con-
stitution of the state of Montana.
He further held that the amended
answer did not deny the material al
legations of the plaintiffs complaint
hence his judgment for the plaintiffs
on the pleadings.
This is the third time that the
board of county commissioners has
been knocked out in its theory Of
the case. 1t does seem that the
board should take a tumble to itself
and discontinue this litigation by al
once revoking all it's proceedings to
wards the issuing of the county bonds
especially when the same is agains
the will of the taxpayers and, as i
would seem, without any warrant o.
authority of law.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
SEED PEA OUTPUT
REDUCED THIS YEAR

Montana's seed pea acreage was
nearly cut in half when growers made
a sharp adjustment to the general
conditions of production affect
ing the canning pea industry, accord
ing to J. G. Diamond, agricultural
statistician. who in a recent survey Of
pea acreage contracted for 1927 found
that houses whose contracts last year
represented about 20 per cent of the
1926 acreage had only half the acre
age signed this year compared with
year ago.
The decreased acreage this year
came largely in the Gamers varieties
Of peas, the garden varieties being
reduced slightly.
The seed pea industry in Montana
has experienced a remarkable growth
from a yearly farm value of but
100000 in 1922 to a value of $1,176,-
600 in 1925. The declines since then
represent an adjustment to the out
side demand for Montana seed which
at the rate Montana was producing
was over supplied. The 1927 crop is
expected to move at prices to grow
ers that will average about the same
as a year ago for the Gamers vari-
cites of peas, while prices for garden
varieties in some cases have been re-
ported higher. This would indicate
that the bottom of the period of price
declines of the past three years had
about been reached this year.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
# LfVGStOCk1
a,..Situat1Ong

at this time records show that over
85 per cent of the meat food animals
markekted in the United States pass
through the SO stock yards which are
maintained for that purpose. Should
a better system of marketing come
about it is highly probable that those
who have created and maintained the
open central livestock markets would
be in the foremost ranks in bringing
about such a situation, as primarily
the open central livestock market has
been built upon the foundation of
serving the producer. The only re
source of revenue of these markets
is from the producer, so naturally any
plan that would be helpful or make
for the prosperity of the producer
would be quickly grasped by these in
terests.
I If the central markets are wrong
they will eliminate themselves and if
direct buying and forming of cOncen-
tration points in the country or any
other methods were more feasible, of
course, the central markets wouldn't
survive. However, economists and
close observers are agreed that the
economical way to market any COM
! modify is through Capitalization at a
given point conveniently located to
serve the demand and it behOOves
producers to avail themselves of the
marketing opportunities presented
through the central markets until
such time as a better method is
found.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

Of late there has been a great deal
of discussion regarding the question
of marketing livestock through the
open central markets versus direct
country selling. This is really an
important question and one that will
have to be faced and dealt with.
The advocates of central marketing
feel that it is the most logical man.
ner in which to form the contact be-
tween the livestock producer and the
distributor of meat food products.
1t is true from an economical stand
point that the central livestock mar
ket is soundly based upon the same
principle that has proved so valuable
such as the grain exchange, the Sc
curity exchange, cotton exchange and
other open forums where buyers and
sellers of various commodities may
meet on neutral ground for the pur-
pose of buying and selling upon price
levels gauged by the natural laws OF
supply and demand. So far as the
central livestock markets are concern.
ed they have, of course, gone a steI
beyond this in having their operation
under federal and state regulation
with the various agencies doing bust
ness on behalf of the producer bond
ed and every possible safeguard exer
cised for the protection of the ship
per.
1t may be possible that a bette,
system of livestock marketing will
come about in the years. to come thar
that which has been furnished by th
open central markets located at tn
various stock yards throughout tn
country. It doesn't appear that an,
such plan has yet been evolved an,
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
"SUPER-COW" next
Plan OF EXPERTS
High Breeding, Three Meals and
Three Milkings Daily viii
Produce Her

The cry for increased efficiency has
st last reached the cow. Not content
with the increase in production per
cow already brought about by selec-
tiOn of milk types and modern scien-
tific feeding schedules, experts on
what a cow can do have decided that
there can be "super-cOws" just as
logically as there can be super-men,
super-pOwer systems or super any
thing else.
The super-cow calls first for the
best cow and best feeding conditions
with the improvement consisting of
three meals day for the cow instead
of two for which "Bossie" is expected
to stand for. being MIXED three times
day. Morning, noon and night
would seem to be the slogan of the
super-cOw when she begins doing
three shifts instead of two.
In a paper with the title "Three
Times Milking" read before the
Farmers club, London, England, last
May, G. HOlt-Thomas said that at
! leading shows in the old country GER
tain cows were now required to be
milked "three times daily"
He held that undRr modern feeding
conditions the heavy yielders were not
producing the quantity of milk they
were capable of doing where milked
but twice a day. MIXED twice the
best cows, he claimed, would produce
about eight and One-half gallons
whereas milked three times these
cows might be 10, II or even 12 gal
Ion cows. In return for three milk
ings he contended the COW was en-
titled to be fed three times a day.
Advantages claimed for this super
cow were summarized by Mr.. Thom-
as as follows:
(1l Increased yield of both milk
and butter.
(2) Three feelings lightens the too
heavy feelings of morning and eve
ming.
(3) Insures cows being milke6
late in the evening which tends tC
raise the low per centage of fat OF
the morning yield.
az A much more regular daily
Weld is obtained through the lacta-
tion.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

Helena, Montana, Office of Federal
Prohibition Administrator, Oct. IA,
1927.
Notice is hereby given that the fol-
lowing described property to-wit:
Nash Sedan, Engine No. 64974, Serial
No. A-15924 seized from one William
Ford, at or near Bozeman, Montana,
for the reason that the said property
was being used by the said William
Ford in violation of the Internal Re-
venue and other laws of the United
States and particularly in violation of
Sections 345O and 3453 of the Revised
Statutes of the United States is for
feited to the United States and will
be sold under the provisions of Section
346O of the Revised Statutes of the
United States and any person claiming
the above described property is hereby
notified to appear before me at the
office of the Federal Prohibition Ad-
ministrator in Helena, Montana and
file his claim as provided by law
within 80 days from the date of the
first publication of this notice.
CARL JACKSON,
Prohibition Administrator
By E. E. Collins, Attorney, Bureau Of
Prohibition.
First publication Oct. 21, 1927
! (Last publication November a, 1927
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
REDE-CED RAT-G TO
RITE-SHRINE MEETING

The Northern 2acific railway has
announced a special rate of fare and
one-haf on the certificate pian to the
Scottish Rite reunion and Mystic
Shrine ceremonial at Helena, NoYem-
Der 7-10.
This rate win apply from all points
In Montana to Helena, subject to q
minimum attendance of 100.
Certificates showing tickets pur-
chased ON the going trip, November
SO, viii be honored at half fare re-
turning if presented not later than
November IA, subject to minimum
attendance requirements.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
BUSINESS KEEPS UP.

Check payments throughout the ma
tion are running ahead of last year.
Wholesale prices are 2 per cent lower
than a year ago. Bank loans and dis
counts are higher than a year ago.
The prices of stocks issued on the
New York Stock exchange have sag
ged a little recently, but are substan-
TALLY higher than a year ago. The
business indications tabulated by the
department of commerce at Washing
ton show that Uncle Sam need have
no wrinkles on his brow on account
of the condition of business through
out this broad land.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
SILK STOCKINGS VS. OvERALLs

In this capital contest how is it
possible for both Helena and Ana
cOnda to win? Yet the Helena advO-
Gates say they have got the Anaconda
adherents on the run and that the
city in Last Chance gulch is a sure
winner. Enlisted in Helena's favor,
too, are many of the strOng-voiced,
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

The sale viii be held kinder, the provisions
of Chapter so Of the Laws Of Montana Of
1927 No land shall be sold for less than
the appraised value and in no case. except
mortgage lands, for less than $1,000 per acre.
The purchaser is required TO pay in cash on
the day Of sale not less than 10go of the total
purchase price and In case the balance on
the purchase price is not an exact multipls
Of 325.00, then he shall pay such additional
sum as Is necessary to reduce the balance 70
an even multiple Of $500. he may as his
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

Boulder-Work begins on new res
on new water plant for state blind
and deaf school.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

Glendive-First steel laid by North
ern Pacific railroad on it's new g.
mile branch from Glendive to Circle
and Broadway.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
The high wind Wednesday evening
blew down the smoke stack.

UIEW UUWU LuC sIIUhC oLaChs
Another week of fine weather and
the crops in the valley will all be
threshed.
L. Authier has purchased the Stone
sawmill up Bridger and will operate
it this winter.
Hugh Coleman has sold his ranch
south of the city-320 acres-to a
stock raiser from Wisconsin.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

Office of the Commissioner of State Lands
and Investments, Helena, Montana, October
!. 1927.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the
Commissioner of State Lands and Invest
ments of the State of Montana will on Sat
urday, November 5th, 1927, beginning at 10
o'clock A. M, of the said day offer for sale
and sell to the highest bidder at public
auction at the county court house at Bozeman,
Montana, the following described State lands
situated in Gallatin County:
Sales No. Appd.
No Subdivision Sec. Acres Value
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

Dillon-Shipment made of 1,115
sheep to Carrollton, KY.
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
Twp. 3 s, Rye; , E,

Twp. 3, Kge
122. All, Cess R-WO.. ..6 ,637.26 $1,000
MORTGAGE LANDS
1913. S1zs Sec. IS Twp. IS, Rye 1E,
5zV acres ...:....-.. :..... -9lz-ot
l24. Lots /, 2, E15NW5I, NEl. Sec.
30. Twp. IN, Rye. 4E. S8O.s
acres ...s......s..... %6-o4
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28

(First publication October q, 1921
uast publication October 2s. 1927
The Bozeman courier., 1927-10-28
I. M. BRANnI0Rn-

Commissioner Of State Lands and Invest
ments Of the State Of Montana.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1927-05-07
a As
q S.a,i
8 f.S.2
d A'Q'7'i''
A o'o.s.f.6
q o.

on the first trick West leads the
Seven Of Spades and Qeclarer can
see that he is sure - two Spade
tricks, two Heart tricks, two Dia-
mond tricks and one Club trick
two tricks short of game. lie has
finesse in Clubs and a tinesse in
Diamonds, each OF which stand an
even chance OF making an extra
trick. The chance against the sue
cess of both these illnesses is, how
ever, three TO ono; and duo 10 it's
length, the Club suit is Tho better TO
try because game probably can be
made with the aid of that trick, even
II both illnesses fail.
Declarer should therefore win
either the first or second Spade trick
with the Ace in the Dummy keeping
his King Of Spades TO block the third
round Of that suit and should then
lead a small Club from Dummy. One
Club trick must be lost, and the first
Club lead can be made just as ad'
vantageously from one hand as the
other. with the first Club trick won
by tie adversaries, they will con-
tlnue Spades and clear their suit
when South plays tho King on the
third round Declarer should then
trick 81 lead club from Closed
Hand and fmesse. The finesse
would lose, but East would not have
another Spade to lead and Declarer
would therefore secure a total OF
two Spades, two Hearts two Dia-
monds and three Clubs. winning the
game in spite Of the fact that both
OF his illnesses were losers
Copyright John i. Ollie Co. MX