davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
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ANTHRACNOSE IS
SERIOUS DISEASE

The agricultural experiment station
OF the North Carolina State college
has just issued Bulletin No. 24S, "An-
thracnOSe of Dewberries and It's Con
troll" which gives the results of sew
eral years of investigation with this
disease, which has seriously affected
dewberry growing in North Carolina.
The bulletin is published as the result
of work done by Prof. F. A. Wolf, for
merly of the experiment station staff,
and B. 0. Dodge of the United States
Department of Agriculture.
The authors state that anthracnose
is the most serious disease affecting
the dewberry crop and is due to fun
gus which spreads more easily and
rapidly in rainy weather. The anthrac-
nose girdles the canes, causing them
to die, and causes the berries to be-
come scabby or brown, dry and woody
After several seasons of continuous
work in fighting the disease, Doctor
Wolf found that the best way to con-
troll 1t was to remove thoroughly and
destroy all growth Immediately after
harvest, and to spray the new growth.
There are three critical times when
the applications should be made" says
the bulletin. '"The first is during
August when the new growth is about.
one foot high; the second, as soon as
possible after the canes have been tied
up in the spring, and the third as soon
as the petals have fallen. Bordeaux
mixture 4-4-50 is recommended as prob
ably the best spray material to use,
1t is pointed out also that new plant
ings should not be infected by using
old cane stubs which have been at
tackled by the disease.
The bulletin gives the latest ferti
lizer recommendations for growing
dewberries, and outlines successful
methods used by some of the leading
growers Of the section in combating
diseases and in raising good crops.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Skim Milk Builds Bone,
Trial bv R11rnott Shows

In the feeding trial by Burnett of the
Nebraska station and reported by
Smith Of Purdue university, corn and
skim milk were compared with corn
alone, with corn plus shorts, with corn
plus tankage, and with corn plus
ground BONE
At the close Of the trial, determina-
tions were made of the breaking
strength Of the femur, tibia, humerus,
ulna, and radius bones Of the pigs Of
the different lots. The average break
ing strength of bones per 100 pounds
live weight of the pigs for the differ
ent lots was as follows: Lot l, corn
alone, 325 pounds; lot 2, corn IS per
cent plus shorts % per cent, 396
pounds; lot 8, corn 25 per cent plus
skim milk IS per cent, 500 pounds !;
lot 4, corn 80 per cent plus tankage
10 per cent, $50 pounds; lot 5, corn
80 per cent plus ground bone 10 per
cent, 681 pounds.
Skim milk and buttermilk are espe-
cially valuable in the development Of
breeding stock because it is here that
plenty of good quality bone is essen
tial.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
POULTRY
"F:.'AI||GT1S
GEESE THRIVE ON
YOUNG VEGETATION

The most perplexing season of the
year for the rationing of geese seems
to be the late summer and fall, par
ticularly if the season is a dry one
Geese are primarily grazing fowls and
the growing stock, especially, re-
quires constant supply of young
and tender vegetation upon which to
forage. Therefore, unless such is
provided, they will cease to thrive,
and frequently large percentage are
lost, writes Oscar Grow in the Ma
tional Poultry Journal During the
latter part of hot dry summer the
grass becomes tough and fibrOus, even
though it may still appear green, and
then it not only lacks nourishment,
but becomes indigestible as we'll, thus
resulting in malnutrition and some
times stoppage Of the bowels, which,
in turn, is more likely than not to
prove fatal.
1t is very important, therefore, to
supplement the pasturage with other
rations at such times. The younger
oCoAALeoo may OC pCA l11ACCCN " AOAOo
In the corn fields, where it will be
found they greatly relish many of the
weeds and grasses growing therein, in
addition to the lower leaves and
suckers" developing upon the corn
stalks. The older geese may be given
access to second growth clover, when
available, or, better still, to field Of
rape or similar crops, sown for this
purpose. Such resources are equally
suitable for the growing flock and
should be provided for in event they
are liable to be required.
A critical period in the rearing Of
gOslings is ushered in about the time
of the first frost. Something result
ing from the action of the frost upon
the grass apparently causes goose
septicemia or goose cholera At least
both have a habit of appearing at
about the same time. Septicemia is
very fatal and often a large percent
age of the flock is lost before there is
any Indication of infection. Many in
dividuals apparently in good health
at evening time are dead the next
morning, while others may linger for
several hours or even days before sue
cumbing.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Laying House Should Be
Cleaned Before Autumn

The laying house should be thor
oughly cleaned before the pullets are
put in it. A common method is to
remove all the interior fixtures and
clean thoroughly by sweeping down
the walls and removing all the litter
and dirt from the floor. Prepare a
good disinfectant by adding parts
Of some good standard stock dip to
80 parts Of water, and with the use
of a force pump saturate the interior
of the building with this disinfectant
The same method should be used for
cleaning the interior equipment Aft
er a days exposure to the sunlight for
thorough drying, the poultry house
fixtures may be put in place. Spread
clean sand over the floor and cover
it with to inches OF bright clean
straw This will put the house in
condition for the early maturing pull
lets which should go in the next week
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
USE ONLY TRIED
AND TESTED SIRE

This is the season of the year when
all farmers ought to be looking out
for bulls for use this fall, it a change
is necessary. There are many breed
ers who have tested their cattle for
production records, have good blood
lines and are offering good dairy
bulls for sale. Farmers who have an
opportunity 20 buy a bull which is d
proved product should not hesitate to
buy him on account of his age or
disposition. But we find many farm
ers in the state that are now offering
dairy bulls for sale from three to six
years of age, and in most cases there
are no buyers. This indicates that
purchasers want young bull calves.
There are probably three reasons for
this condition, says J. P. LaMaster,
chief Of the dairy division Of Clemson
college, South Carolina.
1. Those desiring bulls do not
realize the value of a sire which has
been proved. That is, one with
daughters in milk which show their
production, disposition as feeders,
and general conformation The ability
of a bull to get a reasonably large
number of desirable daughters is the
only real proof that he is worth using,
and often pure-bred animals with very
best pedigrees are disappointing when
the results of this real test become
known.
2. Farmers do not like to handle
an aged bull, explains Professor La
Master, because he often has a mean
disposition. All dairy bulls should be
considered dangerous. That is, no one
can tell when a dairy bull, even
though normally of good disposition
and easy handling qualities, may turn
on it's handler and cause serious in
jury. The pure-bred dairy bull of to-
day is the result of selection and
breeding up during a long period Of
time, and in this process of improve
ment, in order to get the greatest
dairy capacities, animals of consider
able nerve force have been developed,
and it is largely through this nerve
force that we secure the greatest pro-
ductiOn.
8. To some extent there is the
spirit of the gambler in the hearts Of
all people. That is, we are led to take
chances with the hope that it will
turn out for the best. The dairy farm
er will select young calf which is
untried and take chance on improv-
ing his dairy herd rather than to use
q proved sire, which often times he
the calf cost. These older bulls have
usually served their time in one herd
and must be disposed of to prevent
inbreeding.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Use Natures Law
to Save Clover
Develop Strains That Are
Immune or Highly Re-
sistant to Disease.

prepared by the United States Department
of AgricultureO
Farmers of Delaware, Maryland,
Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky and
Tennessee have it in their own power
to save the red clover crop from fur
ther decline and destruction in these
states, says A. J. Peters, agronomist
of the United States Department of
Agriculture. All that is necessary is
to harness the old law-the survival
of the fittest-and develop strains of
red clover that are immune or highly
resistant to the anthracnose disease.
Acreage Decreased.
The acreage in red clover in these
states has not kept pace with the de-
mands for hay and forage during the
past % years. While there are many
causes for clover failure, the one
cause generally responsible in this
area is anthracnose On lined and
fertile soils anthracnose is almost
surely the only cause of failure here
Ihere is only one remedy, says Doc
Tor PleterS, and that is the use Of
anthracnose-resistant strains. Expert
mentS by The department, as well as
observations of work done by farm
ers, have shown that it is entirely
feasible to develop such strains. How
ever, they must be developed by selec-
tlon OF the resistant plants in fields
Where the disease is consistently very
severe. AT present there seems to be
only one known resistant strain-the
one developed by the Tennessee ex-
pertinent station several years ago,
out not much seed is yet available.
Save Resistant Seed.
1here is reason to believe that some
cloVer now growing in this infected
area is resistant 1t should be To-
Gated and saved for future seeding.
When a field is severly attacked the
plants surviving will likely be some
what resistant. In such cases it may
seem that the field is worthless to cut
Tor seed, but it is at just such times
that nature has pointed out the re-
distant plants.
by following this practice year aft
er year until all susceptible plants
have been eliminated by the disease
and only resistant ones remain, it will
be possible to develop strains that are
much superior for local needs than
any now in existence.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Color Scheme Important

When we decide on a color scheme,
we face a problem that seems to get
larger the longer we look at it. It.
has so many phases and considera
tions, it is dependent on so many
things, that it may be that the own
er does well to make an arbitrary Sc
lection and to take a chance on re-
suits.
The safest and surest selections will
be those that are expected; the colors
that long experience and habit have
associated with certain forms and out
lines and masses. Being a conserva-
tive people, we hate to be startled :;
we do not like to do things that will
attract attention and advertise criti-
cism; unless we have an absolutely
sure color judgment, we will be hap
pieSt when we are conventional.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
In Hunting for Rabbits
Use of Ferrets Barred

Many Of our orchard men are great
ly troubled by rabbits. These ami
mails gnaw trees, eat shrubs and make
nuisances of themselves generally.
Under the law farmers may kill such
rabbits if they can catch them in the
act Of destroying property but that is
not satisfactory. With a good ferret
they could clean out their premises
and save much trouble and expense
writes John T. Mccormick in the
Rural New Yorker But the conserva-
ton law will not permit the use of
ferrets-and farmers want to know
why? We therefore asked the secre
tary of the conservation commission
to explain. Here is what he says:
"AS you know, rabbits are one of
the species of game protected by law,
and can only be legally taken during
the open season for the same with a
gun fired at arms length without rest
between sunrise and sunset, except
that the owner or occupant of farm
lands may take rabbits at any time
Of the year and in any manner, except
by the use of ferrets, where they are
doing damage to property.
"The habits of the rabbit when not
foraging for food are to live in bur
rows, and when hunted they will i'm
mediately take to the burrows for pro-
lection and, therefore, can be very
easily captured, in the event that the
use Of ferret is permitted The fer
ret is placed in the burrow and either
kills the rabbits that it finds in there
or drives them out, and they are then
readily captured by the hunter, either
in bag or in their hands or taken
by means Of shooting. This is the
reason why the law was passed pro-
hibiting the use of ferrets in hunting
rabbits"
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
LIVE STOCK LOSS
BY SCREW WORMS

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.l
A considerable loss to the livestock
industry, estimated to reach $5,0OO,00O
in some years, as a result of screw
worm infestation, can largely be
avoided by a judicious use of benzol
(benzine), says the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. Investiga-
tions begun ten years ago by D. G.
Parman, department entomologist, to
find a treatment more effective than
the phenols or chloroform generally
used, have shown benzol to be the
best larvicide of the several dozen
chemicals tested.
Screw-wOrm infestation results from
the eggs laid by the blow fly in any
open wound, sore or bloody discharge.
Goats, sheep and calves quite COM
monty have infestation in the mouth
to the extent that all of the teeth are
lost. Most ranchmen have had the
idea that any serious infestation with
screw worms would kill the animals,
and for that reason many badly In
tested animals have been purposely
killed and burned. In 2,S43 cases of
infested animals treated with benzol
under the supervision of Mr.. Parman,
only 5 died. In three of these the
worms had entered the body cavity or
were present in the head of the ami
NAL and had affected the nervous sys-
TEN.
Most wounds infested with this pest
have a considerable flow of fresh
blood and serum. AS long as the
wound is dry it is not so attractive to
the flies, and for this reason any
chemical that has a tendency to cause
blood to flow is not desirable. Benzol
acts as a styptic and stops blood flow
as soon as all of the infestati0n is
killed. When benzol is applied, and
the wound takes on a dry, pale ap-
pearance, which lasts from five to ten
minutes or more, wound dressing
and fly repellent which adheres well
to all parts should be applied.
More than 5000 animals have been
treated with benzol on the range, and
1t is significant to note, says Mr.. Par
man, the number of animals reported
"as good as dead" that recovered COM
pletely after the treatment. Benzol is
available commercially at about %
cents a gallon in drums at production
centers.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
HOMECOMING People
Backbone of Nation

What this country wants is more
home owners-peOple who can call a
house home, is the assertion of a
writer in the Chicago Evening Post.
Where is the man, the great man
in this country, that will rise out Of
the mob of material getters-where
is the man who will come forward
and build homes for the provident
and see that these homes can be paid
for on the partial payment plan, with
out interest, without taxes, without
hindrance of any kind if necessary?
The steady, straightforward, saving
and serving class are usually home
owners. Let US help those who want
to own their homes to own them.
Some day to own a home will be
the hallmark of reliability. 1t is the
duty and should be the privilege of
every patriotic citizen, banker and
business man to encourage humans
to own their own homes-to do more
than to encOurage-to help.
Not all individuals that are inter
ested in industry own their own
homes, but nearly all humans that
own their own homes hold permanent
positions. Their self-interest is on
the job.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
FARM, NQTEI:

Deep cultivation after the plants
have become established Injuries the
roots
Dairy cows that have to run to get
away from the flies have little time to
do justice to the milk pail.
Clover hay should be cured in the
windrow or cock to save as many
of the leaves as possible.
Success in the dairy business de-
pends upon the cow and the man. If
you are sure of yourself, then test the
COWS.
The One-crop wheat farm furnishes
profitable employment only 60 to 100
days out of the year, or not more than
one-third of the time.
Sheep frequently suffer for want Of
water. A sheep needs one to six
quarts daily, depending on the feed re-
ceived, the condition of the pasture,
and the weather.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Copper Carbonate Found
Not a Virulent Poison

An experiment was recently carried
on at the South Dakota state agricul-
tural station to obtain direct evidence
whether wheat and other grain treat
eG with copper carbonate was poison
Gus or harmful to animals
Laying hens were fed exclusively
for two weeks on wheat which had
previously been treated with copper
carbonate, and these fowls were in as
good condition throughout the period
as similar birds fed exclusively on
untreated wheat. The results may be
regarded as a bit of direct evidence,
indicating that copper carbonate is at
least not a viruluent poison.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Cheap Gains Made With
Heifers During Summer

Every day that heifer does not
grow is time wasted as well as feed
lost, according to w j. Fraser, Uni
versity Of Illinois, Cheap grains can
be made in the summer months and
farmers should keep this in mind in
the management of their herd.
The same thing is true of young
dairy calves. A grain ration fed with
pasture and skim milk will push them
along rapidly. A good ration is COM
posed of 80 pounds each of ground
corn, ground oats and wheat bran with
10 pounds of linseed oil meal. Lee
gume hay should be fed with this ra~
ton when the calves are old enough to
eat it. When good pasture or legume
lay is not available the linseed oil
neal should make up one quarter of
the grain mixture.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Competition Worth While

Frequently a philanthropic and pub
lic-minded citizen OF means will him
self provide all the required prizes
for such campaign as a "home-beau-
tfful competition"
Consider what such a competition
will do for town, even if conducted
but for single season; it will leave
its impress on the community for years.
But once staged and carried to a
successful conclusion, it is more than
likely the interest will prove so great
that it will develop into a permanent
annual feature of the community life,
gaining momentum and increasing in
size, as does a SNOWFALL rolling down
hill.-Philadelphi Ledger.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
81 yrliM MEa
y Building
Village That ''Lags'
Loses Out in Race

Need for improving country villages
in the United States to meet modern
social and economic needs is empha-
by the United States Department Of
Agriculture.
Most villages, declare department
officials, have "just grown up" with
resultant defects in form and arrange
ment to provide social, esthetic and
economic advantages for residents
and nearby farm families. The need
for well-planned villages is pointed
out in the fact that some 100000
people in the United States live in
villages, and that more than 30,000,-
600 farm people use these centers for
purposes of trade, education, religion
and recreation.
Numerous instances are cited by
the department where villages have
been literally rebuilt to meet modern
requirements. The village of Weston
Mass, for example, under the direc-
ton of the town improvement commits
sion has in the past few years entirely
reconstructed it's business district to
form a notable civic center. Old pub
lie buildings and shops have been re-
moved, a disease-breeding swamp was
filled in and grassed over to form a
common, a beautiful new town hall
was erected, public buildings were re-
grouped, and convenient approaches
md rOa6uovC pODctrI1ctpd
The unfortunate results of undi-
rected development in cities are being
keenly appreciated, it is stated and
millions of dollars are now being
spent to correct these conditions in
an effort to make cities more ap-
pEOachable, traversable, convenient
orderly, and beautiful.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Calcium Carbonate for
Cattle Urged bv Kansas

By the addition of calcium carbon
ate, an inexpensive mineral salt
limestone dust, in fact-prairie hay
can be substituted for alfalfa in a
cattle-fattening ration. At least, an
experiment reported at the fourteenth
annual feeders convention of the Kan
sas State Agricultural college indi-
Gates as much.
Twenty cents worth of calcium car
Donate made an extra profit of $4 on
each of several steers in a lot which
was fed prairie hay cane silage, corn
and cottonseed meal. Each steer in
the lot fed that ration sold for $4.20
more than a corresponding lot given
the same ration minus the calcium
carbonate.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
Live Stock Items

Horses aren't human, but they get
thirsty and Overheated in hot weather
just the same.
Pastures for hogs are valuable and
should be utilized to as great an ex-
tent as possible. The best use Of pas
lures, however, does not mean that
hogs fatten or even make satisfactory
growth on pasture alone.
Arizona state miner., 1926-09-04
agggs@ss&
Poultry Notes

5aSa
It is the mash feed that makes the
high egg production.
Gull the flock and increase the
profits from the laying hens later
A suitable mash, fed throughout the
summer, balances the grain ration and
keeps the chicks growing without any
Getbacks.
Smyrna times., 1926-02-17
REMEDY FOR APPLE TREE LOSS
DUPONT Company Makes Discovery
That Will Mean Much to Nursery
men in Controlling Tree Cancer

men in Controlling Tree Cancer
Specialists of the United States De
partment of Agriculture have discov-
cred a method for controlling crown
gall, sometimes called "tree cancer"
in the roOt-grafted apple nursery bus
mess, through a new organic mercury
compound, known as Semesan, devel-
Oped by E. l. DUPONT de Nemours &
Company, of Wilmington. he prTob-
lem of controlling this disease has
been regarded as a very serious one
since losses of from 25 to so per cent
of trees are not uncommon and GER
tain lots Of trees have even shown
loss of 90 per cent. The nursery
man who has to discard only five or
ten per cent. of his trees on careful
inspection at digging time is usually
considered fortunate. 1t is expected
that the discovery will save nursery
men great sums of money. Anonunce-
Of the discovery is made in Depart
ment of Agriculture Circular No. 376
written by NJ. B. White, Senior Path
olOgist in charge, and E. A. Siegler,
Assistant Pathologist, Office of Fruit
disease Investigations, Bureau Of
Plant Industry. The problem con-
fronting the experts was to find d
suitable germicide or fungicide and a
suitable dosage which could kill the
bacteria and not materially injure the
roots of the trees and this was diScOv-
cred in the new compound. Apple
nursery stock consists of the union of
known variety of twig or scion and
a Seeding root stock of two years.
The seeding root stock is entirely
prOpagated in France for use in this
country and it is estimated the bust
ness amount to probably three or four
million dollars. During the expert
ment of Agriculture experts state, the
new treatment was given to 2619
gratis, representing a number of diff
ferent varieties, with the result that
the total number of trees obtained at
( digging time with both large and
/ small gals amounted to 81 per cent
as compared with 1926 per cent on
2619 untreated CRAFTS of the same
varieties which were used as checks
! The proportion Of the total number
of large gals in the treated CRAFTS OF
all varieties was two per cent, and il
the untreated or check gratis 28.7 pei
cent. The authors state in the cir.
cular that it is published for the pur.
pose of making Immediately available
to nurserymen and others interested
in the propagation and growing Of
roOt-grafting apple trees in nurserie.
a new method of greatly reducing tn,
attacks of crown gall.