davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
LAST WORDS ON EVOLUTION
BY ERNEST HAEcKEL
CONTINUED from previous issue.)

natural mystery, but a physiological
phenomenon; and that the preserva-
ton of improved races in the struggle
for life had produced, by a natural
evolution, the whole wondrous world
of organic life.
Today, when evolution is almost uni
versally recognized in biology, when
thousands of anatomic and physiolo-
gical works are based on it every year,
the new generation can hardly form
an idea of the violent resistance that
was offered to Darwin's theory and the
impassioned struggles it provoked. In
the first place, the churches at once
raised vigorous protest; they rightly
regarded their new antagonist as the
deadly enemy of the legend of crea-
tion, and saw the very foundations of
their creed threatened. The churches
found powerful ally in the dualistic
metaphysics that still claims to repre-
sent the real "idealist philosophy" at
most universities. But most danger
GUS of all to the young theory was
the violent resistance it met almost
everywhere in it's own province of en-
pirical science. The prevailing belief
in the fixity and the Independent crea.
tion of the various species was much
more seriously menaced by Darwin's
theory than it had been by Lamarck's
| transformation. Lamal~l had said
substantially the same thing fifty
years before, but had failed to con
vince thru the lack of effective evil
dence. Many scientists, some of great
distinction, opposed Darwin because
either they had not an adequate &C.
quaintance with the whole field OF
biology, or it seemed to them that his
bold speculation advanced too far
from the secure base Of experience.
When Darwin's work appeared in
1859, and fell like a flash of lightning
on the dark world OF official biology.
| was engaged in a. scientific expedi
tion to Sicily and taken up with q
thoro study of the igraceful radiola
rians, those wonderful microscopic ma
rine animals that surpass all other
organisms in the beauty and variety
of their forms. The special study OF
this remarkable class Of animals, OF
which afterwards described more
than 1000 species, after more than ten
years of research, provided me with
one Of the solid foundation.stones Of
my Darwinian ideas. But when / re-
turned from Messina to Berlin in the
spring Of 1860, knew nothing as yet
Of Darwin's achievements. merely
heard from my friends at Berlin that
a remarkable work by crazy English.
man had attracted great attention, and
that It turned upside down all pre-
vious ideas as to the origin of species
ITO be continued.)-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
A Story of the British General Strike
A MILITANT ON THE FIRING. LINE.


(The following is a brief account of
the activities of one trade unonist in
Britain during the great general
strike. Thousands Of such stories
could be told. While the official lead
ership was lethargic, if not worse, the
crisis drew from the rank and file
the type that is capable Of taking the
initiative in a crisis and scrap con-
VentonaI formalities in obedience to
the law of necessity. 1t is types such
as the writer of this article "a letter
to an American frlend) that will sup
ply the British working class with
leadership in the near future.-Ed.)
About the national position, you will
read in the papers of what led up to
the strike. So far as the calling off
is concerned, / think A. j. Cooks ac-
count is correct. First, l must say
that / have not given up in despair
for as one who was working inside
the local Council of Action l could
see break, or should / say surrender
taking place, not locally, but nation
ally. At the same time l hoped for
the best. The response of the men
was wonderful, despite the way it was
conducted, or should l say miscon-
Quoted, by the Trades Union Council
1t appeared to me as tho the Trades
Union Council was forced into the po
sition by the various executive com
mittees IN the conference held on the
Saturday before the strike was de-
clared, all unions placing power in the
hands of the Trades Union Councils
general council. Well, we find the
general council in a position of hay
ing to make a stand, and of course,
knowing the makeup of the majority
of the general council, they wanted
to finish it as soon as possible, not by
fighting but by belly-crawling.
From the first day of receiving
power they became afraid of it. They
go out Of their way to point out that
the strike is an industrial dispute.
Then, again, instead of them making
up for lost time and trying to build up
that machinery which is necessary to
cope with the strike, they lay still,
for not even the first essential thing
for conducting a strike-communica
tion-had been established. Instead
of putting into operation the maxim
of war, "hit hard and hit fast" they
started calling out one industry and
then another, with the result that the
men would not wait for the executive
committees or Trades Union Council,
but called shop meetings and went
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
SOLID Citizenship

The Chicago Tribune editorial in its issue for August TO-
furnishes with definition of the phrase solid citizenship
In according to the Tribune dictionary the
od citizenship composed of those who voted against Brook
mart the majority the citizenship which voted i'll
Republican Brookhar Tribune dsmes them
with
Brookhdrt does represent the solid citizenship of
IoCG and his thru temporary discomfort has proper
relation the real intelligence and prosperity Of the Common
ioeqh He represents radical labor from outside of his state
and the radicalism Of the unsuccessful farmer ~.s'
The radical labor outside of the state to which the Trb
consists Of the American Federation of Labor and the
Railway Brotherhod They just radical small town
banker.
The unsuccessful farmer element which supported Broohart
who have failed in trying make decent living by
selling produce which tariff laws do and protect
market where all the commodities they buy sold
poly prices which tariff laws help fix u. IL 4aa.
That section of the farmers which has discovered the
futty struggle addition has had enough
partially conclusions from the refusal of the
Coolidge administration pass the McNary Haugen Bill the
section which the Tribune is denouncng.
The Tribune therefore, is waging the most inteli
OF the farmers We hold brief for Brokhart
His compromise with the republican party machine in Iowa
which his followers again under the domination the
independence for farmers by such and methods.
But the Tribes attack shows that this sidetrackng
povertstcken farmers such sheets
Of worry by giving proof that farmers beginning to do little
thinking
contingencies Tribune mouthpece of big
Industrial capitalism the Middle has a candidate
He other than Frank o. Lowden the millionaire gen
prospect for president If the farmers going
thinking the Tribune prefers have them think of such
Spokesman amabe Brookhar
the left Regular republicans preferable because there always
spite continual beaya the working
being the majority will think out the strategy of their struggle
logical concusionindependent political action in alliance
with Labor p7rtr
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12

out, the order calling them out coming
along after.
If the maxim of hit hard and hit
first had been applied the first day
the government would have found
some way out. or would have been
kicked out. The active ones in the
workshops, rails, etc, had been call
ing for action previous to the strike.
l was working inside, and while
accuse the leaders of cowardice,
must say that | feared what would
happen with the situation as it was,
no attempt being made to meet it,
some of the leaders belly-crawling to
the government. In the face Of this
leadership. could see a blood bath
Of the workers, with no chance of us
hitting back / feared it ALL for when
enter a fight in the ring (this com
rade is an amateur boxer), have
never retreated from the moment
have started for | know that spells
finished" No doubt we will be fur
nished with all sorts of excuses, but
for me there is one, and one only, and
that is leadership.
Now for the local position. Tues
day found all transport at a stand
still, docks, road and. rail, not wheel
moving Not a newspaper of any
sort after Monday midnight. Reports
coming in of sections not yet called
upon having downed tools on their
own, like my own shop walking out to
man, foremen, etc, not waiting for
the call. To give you some idea of
the position on the Merseyside, l will
give you my own activities during
that period which is a true statement
of facts.
Tuesday morning saw the last of
the dope, for all workers engaged on
the press ceased work Monday mid
night. This resulted in the Daily
Herald being left at the wholesalers,
it having arrived too late for delivery
with local papers, also the Trades
Union Council had closed down the
Herald as we'll, after Monday mid
night. Did you ever hear of such a
policy? Because you close the bosses
mouthpiece you also close your own!
Well, made inquiries on my own,
then proceeded to the Council of Ac-
ton to explain the position. Finding
them busy, l borrowed money from
some people, and away go and
bought the whole Of the Daily Her
aids, which would have laid there
till the end of the strike. My task
then was to get them on the streets,
so l went over to the Express and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12

| Echo mote, local papers, offices to
see the newsboys.
1t was now dinner time. The fact
that it was morning paper, also the
Herald, they also looking forward to
some sort of an evening paper the
| boys would have none. / knew that
not only our own men were thirsting
for news, but that the general public"
of Lord street. etc, also wanted some
l got six chaps busy on Lord street,
who sold them as quick as they could
give them out. This proved too much
for the boys, who soon got on the job,
with the result that not one copy re-
manned of the S,000.ar9gatss
The following day, after deal of
lobbying, members Of the Council of
Action decided upon a typed news
bulletin. pressed for printed one,
but they would not listen, The get
ting out and delivery of the bulletin
was in my charge the Council of Ac-
ton appointing me on the job, they
supplying a draft copy each day.
What task!-what a job! Type
writer's, duplicators, etc, were in va
rious trades union Offices thruout the
city After the first issue / had them
brought into one building, the Trades
Council offices.
How we managed the first issue?
Well, it would take pages to tell. The
second issue found us going hell for
leather, for we had to supply all or
CARNATIONS. This we did, building
up a machine for distribution which
worked splendidly after the first day.
After supplying the needs of the
trades unions, the idea struck me of
getting them on the streets, and my
experience with the Sunday Worker
came in useful, for l had the boys on
the streets selling them. Within a
quarter of an hour had taken in
Eli SELLING them at pence for 12).
OF course had done this without ask
ing the Council of Action, for l then
received a phone call telling me to
stop selling the bulletins.
But on the Council of Action read
ing my report the following morning
they endorsed my action. This | found
the best way with this body, ito do a
thing first and ask them after"
was not satisfied with the output, so
l arranged for relays Of workers for
the machines, with the result that to-
wards the end of the strike we turned
out 10000 day for the trades unions
besides supplying newsboys in town.
1 had also been busy on the phone
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
WITH THE STAFF
Being Things From Here and
There Which Have Inspired
Us to Folly or Frenzy
A Statesman Speaks.

The president was seated in
front of a Franklin stove poking
up the open fire in the Coolidge
farmhouse when the message CON
tanning an outline of the Clemen-
ceau letter was carried to him
from Miss Cilley's general store,
to which it had been telephoned.
No direct comment was forthcom-
ing from the president. He gave
no indication of his reaction for a
considerable period. He would be
seen occasionally thru front
window walking about the room
where three years ago he was adj
ministered the oath as president.
AT last, following a particularly
vigorous jabbing with the poker at
the fire, the president Strengthened
up, signs of cogitation began to
appear between the presidential
chin and forehead. Drawing up
to his full height, he gave an ex-
pressive gesture of blended dig
nifty and disdain and exclaimed
''HMPp
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12

with people in the newspaper trade
who met on the Sunday Worker and
was supplying them with 200, 300 and
400 dozen to cover the outside dis
tricts. What a job! l was getting
what sleep could on the floor in the
Trade Council Offices, having my food
while doing some sort of work. l do
wish you could have seen me with my
coat off, and as have been told since
the strike, very insulting to some
people.
Inside the main Office / fixed up a
huge notice: There's a war on If
you are not in it, clear out" This
was for those people who can talk
about doing things, or who tell you
what to do, or. on the other hand,
want to sing praises to you on your
work. Well, by selling Bulletins
we cleared the cost of all paper that
was used for tho $4,000 that went free
to the trade unions, also handed over
handsome balance of ESQ. Never
saw home from the beginning till the
end, and / was not the only one, for
other fellows, seeing the lack of ma
chinery fitted themselves into the va
rious jobs, such as despatch riders
etc. Fellows arrived at the Council
of Action offices at all hours of the
morning, in some cases wet to the
skin, one of us getting "out of bed"
to make the Brighter" a cup of hot
foo urbiol, - do,,ht YrOtyad ,yayxy az
ceptable after being on a motor bike
from London or Manchester. We are
now holding the post norton on the
strike, controversy goes on briskly,
and the climax will be reached at the
conference of trades unions execu-
tive committees when the general
council will have to give an account
of it's actions. l have been busy night
and day in all sorts of ways. l have
fought two fights in the midst of the
aftermath of the strike. They were
staged for the miners relief fund, and
l entered the ring on the two occa-
sions without any training, so you will
have some idea how | feel; in fact,
have been told by my doctor that /
will have to take rest. What, with
my union, district committee trades
council, literature secretary for same.
which has resulted in us setting up a
depot from the trades council offices
for supplying of literature to all af.
filiated organizations; now another
job on the committee for relief for
the miners, then to suggest a rest,
when 6he sees the great stand by
these men.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
Farmers and Farm Legislators

operatives, when they need it to regu-
late the sales of their yearly products.
That is the reason for the Haugen.
the .Tincher and Aswell bills now be-
fore congress which is causing the
western politicians to sit up nights
wondering which way to jump.
The .Haugen bill, recently debated in
the house, has been defeated before.
The government is, of course, concern
ed enough about the farmer vote. 1t is
therefore, likely that a compromise
will be made and the Tincher admin
istration bill will be merged with the
Aswell bill. The Tincher bill backed
by Jardine of the agriculture depart
ment and the Aswel bill are both de-
signed to let the farm co-operatives
have money to regulate their crops,
the co-operatives to stand their own
losses, if any, while the Haugen bill
would throw the burden of loss on the
government, to be recovered by tax
ON products handled. The Haugen
bill might be compared, and in fact
is compared, to the subsidy now in
vogue in the coal industry of Eng.
land.
The farm heads, that l met last
year, were more in favor of the loan
proposition with the cooperative mar
keting association allowed to handle
their own affairs. This has been pro-
NOTED by Mr.. Yoakum of Washington
ID. c., former president of the Frisco
railroad who backs the Farm Maya
zine issued at the capital and sold to
the farmer association members at 25
cents year. He has fought gov
eminent domination of farm organiza-
tons and has made alliances, many
think between the farmer officials and
the railroad companies, of the west,
that are dependent on the prosperity"
Of the farmre for keeping up the high
freight rates.
The Farm Union editor in Kansas
speaks OF Mr.. Yoakum as a high mind
ed sacrificing rich man spending his
private fortune in behalf of the farm
ers, while the Nebraska Farm Union
editor calls him 'Mr. Hoakum" and
thinks he is bunco man of big bust
ness leading the farmers organiza.
tons into trap
They are likely both wrong. Mr..
Yoakum is merely a business man
seeking business on a more orderly
scale for his railroad and would give
the farmer organizations a little more
in order that his enterprise might be
able to exploit them TO a greater
advantage.
The fact seems TO be that this be-
ing an age of centralized and organ
ized industry the farmer Is being fore
ed into collective activity in market
Ing his products. He organizes into
co-operatives and is struggling 20 have
them function free from the domino
tion OF the big bankers. That is why
the farmer is much interested In the
proposition Of united political action
with organized labor.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
BY J. E. SNYDER.

THE cooperative marketing associa-
4 ton, under various names, such as
Farmers Unions, Missouri Farm AS
sociations, Farm Bureaus, ETC., have
been gradually gathering strength un.
til now they are powerful enough to
cause quite a disturbance in the gov
eminent circles as each succeeding
election approaches.
| Each of these organizations is seek
ing to regulate the flow of products on
the market. Heretofore they have been
attempting to do it separately, but in
the past two years a number of at
tempts have been made to form fed
erations of the various groups. Each
group has national connections but
each state organization is nearly indie.
pendent of the others. ~fhe corn belt
association, the cotton belt, wheat and
live stock belts, criss-crossing each
other.
The Farm Bureau is furnishing
Farm Directors" paid for by the gov
eminent, who work with the extern
sion workers and teachers from the
| agriculture colleges. The farm bu-
reau is considered by the other farm
organizations as a subsidized govern
ment farm agency. They have all unit
ed recently as the Corn Belt Assocla-
| ton"
The farmers unions are run by the
members in theory, but in reality they
are dominated by the managers and
officials of the various enterprises
owned" and controlled" by the I'M
ion. The Kansas Farmers Unions, for
instance, has a bank, a creamery, a
produce association, an insurance as
sociation, an auditing department, a
live stock association, and a few CO.
operative stores and quite a number
of grain elevators organized into a
grain exchange at Kansas City, Mo.
The officials Of these institutions dom
mate the conventions and steer things
about as much as any big business
concern is steered. The membership
send many dirt farmers" as delegates
who would have the power to d5mi.
nate If they were trained up 20 that
point. u s
The task Of holding their products,
and regulating the flow on the mar.
ket, has been handicapped by lack of
funds. Altho the farmers deposit mil
lions OF dollars in the banks each year
they have not done their depositing
In their own bank, in Kansas City,
Kansas, nor In North Dakota, where the
bank is actually owned" by the state.
or course, there is a reason and that
Is, that the local private bank stock
holders are, In many cases, a majority
OF farmers, and besides that the farm
err often needs money quickly and he
cannot get to Kansas City, Kansas, or
Bismarck, North Dakota, to do his
| banking business. The question OF
branch banks is now under discus.
sion.
The associations haze, therefore. ap-
pealed TO congress for a fund TO be
set aside as a fund loan to farm G.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
Hopeful MIR. Garvin.

j. L. Garvin is an Englishman.
A capitalist scribe writes of him
as zone of the greatest editors and
writers of the world" This gen
Jus far surpasses us poor boobs on
The DAILY WORKER. So much
so that we feel like quitting after
reading the following link of Gar
win sausage, wherein Mr.. Garvin's
"brilliance' in attacking Marxism
is only equalled by his ability to
explain the perfectly lovely situa-
ton England is in, not under
Marxism, but capitalism. He says:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12

PHILOSOPHY, strictly so called, paid
little or no attention to this dilemma
Absorbed almost exclusively in meta
physical and dialectical speculations,
it looked with supreme contempt or
indifference on the enormous progress
that the empirical sciences were max
ing. 1t affected, in its character of
purely mental science" to build up
the world out of its own head, and to
have no need of the splendid material
that was being laboriously gathered
by observation and experiment. This
is especially true Of Germany, where
Hegel's system of absolute idealism''
had secured the highest regard, par
ticularly since it had been made oblig-
atory as "the royal philosophy of
Prussia mainly because, according
to Hegel, lin the state the divine will
itself and the monarchical constitution
alone represent the development of
reason" Hegers abtruse metaphys-
les has also been greatly appreciated
because it has made so thoro and con-
sistent use of the idea of evolution.
But this pretended evolution of rea-
SON. fioated far above real nature in
the pure ether of the absolute spirit.
and was devoid of all the material bal
last that the empirical science Of the
evolution of the world, the earth, and
its living population, had meantime
accumulated Moreover, it is well
known how Hegel himself declared,
with humorous resignation, that only
one Of his many pupils had understood
him, and this one had misunderstood
him.
From the higher standpoint of gen.
eral culture the difficult question
forces itself on us: What is the real
value of the idea Of evolution in the
whole realm of science? We are bound
to answer that it varies considerably.
The facts of the evolution of the indf-
vidual, or of ontogeny, were easy to
observe and grasp; the evolution of
the crust of the earth and of the
mountains in geology seemed to have
go NHhaAAg
ton; the psyyical evolution of the UNI
verse seemed to be established by
mathematical speculation. There was
no longer any serious question of
creation, in the literal sense, of the
deliberate action of personal crea-
tor, in these great provinces. But
this made people cling to the idea
more than ever in regard to the ORR
gin OF the countless species OF animals
and plants, and especially the crea-
ton of man. This transcendental
problem seemed to be entirely beyond
the range of natural development; and
the same was thought of the question
OF the nature and origin OF the soul,
the mystic entity that was appro-
1lfated by metaphysical Speculation as
Is subject Charles Darwin suddenly
brought a clear light into this dark
chaos Of contradictory notions in 1859.
His epoch-making work, THE Origin
Of Species proved convIncingly that
this historical process is not a super.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-08-12
LABOR SUPPLY.

American labor predominates
in Kansas City, only eight per
cent of the total population being
foreign-born. This accounts large.
ly for the absence of labor con
troversies, from which the city has
been exceptionally free thruout
its history.
The labor supply comes in large
part from the surrounding farm
communities, and has been found
by local manufacturers and others
to be exceptionally efficient.
There are no radical or un,
American groups to be found in
Kansas City.