davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1926-01-09
By Robert B. ELEAZER

(This article, sent out by the Inter
racial Commission, has been published
widely by the white press on the ami
versary of the adoption Of the Thir.
teenth Amendment.)
Sixty years ago-on December Is,
to be exact-the Thirteenth Amend
ment to the Constitution was adopted
making Slavery unconstitutional in
the United States. The Emancipation
Proclamation was issued on January
l, 1868, but since it applied only to
persons then held as slaves in the
States ''in rebellion" and even ex-
cepted certain areas in some of those
States, the real freedom of the Negro
dates from the adoption of the Thir-
teenth Amendment. The present is a
fitting time to ask what use the race
has made OF its freedom in the inter
vening years. Here are a few high
lights from the story:
Economic Advance
When freed in 1865, American Ne
groes owned 1900 homes and oper-
ated 10000 farms. Now they own 7OO,-
600 homes and operate million farms.
Then they conducted 2,100 businesses;
now they conduct 10000. Meantime
their aggregate wealth has increased
from $zO,OOO,OOO to $2,OOOOOO,OOO, one
hundred times as much.
In 1924 there were 73 Negro banks,
with S6,25O,0OO capital, $2O,0O0,OOO of
resources, and an annual business OF
$lOO,OOO,OOO.
Thirty-five Negro life insurance
companies report $200,OO0,0O0 Of in
surance in force on the lives Of l,lOO,-
900 persons. These companies have
eight thousand employees and are
wholly capitalized and managed by
Negroes.
One Of these companies, the North
Carolina Mutual, has more than S4Z'-
100000 of insurance in force and an
annual income Of over 100000. The
Bankers Fire Insurance Company, OF
Durham, N. c., has nearly $lOOOO,OOO
Of insurance in force.
Invention and Industry
Elijah Mccoy, Detroit inventor, has
taken out fifty-seven patents in Amer
lea and ten in Europe. The universally
used lubricating cup for machinery IS
one of his inventions. Altogether
thousands Of patents have been issued
to colored inventors.
In 1920 there were in America 55Z'-
249 Negroes engaged in skilled ano
semi-sEilIed occupations.
A big textile mill at Lagrange, 0a-'
uses Negro labor almost exclusively
also hosiery mill at Durham, n. {.
Altogether, more than 10000 Negroes
are employed in textile industries
During the Great War number OF
world records for industrial processes
were broken by Negro workers.
Religion
There are in the United States a.
900 Negro churches, with FIVE million
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1926-01-09
THE WOMEN'S FEDERATION
NIGHT AT THE SUNDAY
EVENING CLUB
Mrs. Irene M. Gaines, Delivered
Polished and Brilliant Grafton on
Abraham Lincoln

Sunday evening despite the damp or
rainy weather many persons both men
and women bravely braved the weather
and wended their way to the Sunday
Evening Club, which meets in the
Wendell Phillips High School Build
ing where they greatly enjoyed the
following program which was rendered
in connection with the colored
Women's Federation Night.
Program
Jan 8, 1926.
observation-disclosures Pioneer Band
and Orchestra. Invocation-Dr. w. D.
Cook Introduction of Honorary
Mistress of Ceremonies-Mrs. Maude
Smith. Selection-Choir. Violin Selec-
tion-Miss Ruth Sarvers. Women
in Club Life"-Mrs. Irene Coins, Presi-
dent of Illinois Federation of Colored
Women's Clubs. Instrumental Solo
Selected-Virginia Neighbors. Of
fertory Remarks-Dr. w. D. Cook.
Soprano Solo-Miss Helen Robins.
Lincoln the Emancipator" - Mrs.
Irene Mccoy Gaines. Music-Pioneer
Band and Orchestra. Soprano Solo
Oh Divine Redeemer-Mrs. Eta
Jones. End Of a Perfect Day-Choir
Benediction. DR.. Edw. w. Murray,
Chairman.
The greatest treat of the evening
was the brilliant and highly classical
oration on Abraham Lincoln, delivered
by Mrs. Irene NJ. Gaines, who is an
honor graduate Of the Fisk University,
Nashville, Tenn, and being highly edu-
Gated she is a great honor to the
womanhood of any race OF people on
earth.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1926-01-09
HAVE NEW YEAR DINNER

Mr.. and Mrs. T. J. Kinney, 3l42
Calumet Ave, entertained number
Of their friends at dinner on New
Years Day, the anniversary Of their
marriage "A very pleasant evening was
spent with old friends.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1926-01-09

Tenn, has won FIVE literary prizes in
open national contests, one a prize of
$500 offered by Everybody's Magazine
for the best article on Prohibition.
Helen Perry, of Chicago, won the
third prize of $500 in a $4,000 Ma
tional Scenario Contest conducted BY
the Chicago Daily News. There were
$1,000 entries in the contest.
E. M. Bannister, Of Providence, R.
l., attained distinction as a painter and
founded the Providence Art Club.
The French Government has pur-
chased and hung in the Luxembourg
Gallery a number of paintings by
Henry D. Tanner.
King D. Gannaway, of Chicago. won
first honors in the annual Wanna
maker Art Exhibit in Philadelphia, in
which there were nine hundred ex.
hibitors
Paul Robson, Negro actor, has re-
Gently achieved remarkable success in
America and in England in the role oi
Emperor Jones'"
Music
Roland Hayes, Georgia Negro, has
attained international fame as tenor
having sung with great success before
the most critical audiences of America
and Europe, including the King and
| Queen Of England and the Queen
Mother of Spain.
Harry T. Burleigh. baritone, has for
twenty years been a soloist in one Of
the leading Episcopal Churches OF
New York.
Marion Anderson, colored contralto
appeared during the season of 1923-24
as soloist with the Philadelphia Phil
harmonic Society.
]. Rosamond Johnson has composed
light operas for Klaw and Erlanger
and many popular songs for May Ir-
win. Lillian Russell, and Anna Held.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1926-01-09
FROM ALL PARTS OF THIS BROAD
LAND EVERYTHING UNMISTAK-
ABLY INDICATES THAT THE
COLORED PEOPLE ARE RAPIDLY
BECOMING BETTER AND MORE
USEFUL CTTIZENS-THAT THEY
ARE KEEPING STEP WITH THE
HIGHEST CIVILIZATION IN THE
WORLD"

members, and 10000 Sunday Schools
enrolling three million pupils.
Members of colored churches con-
tribute annually $55OOOO to home and
foreign missions.
The $4,000 Negro members Of the
Methodist Episcopal church in FIVE
years contributed $1,941,97o to the
Centenary Fund Of that church.
Negroes have contributed nearly
$3.50, 900 toward the erection of colored
YM.C.A. buildings in fourteen cities.
The Olivet Baptist Church of Chi
cago, is said to be the largest Protes-
tant congregation in the world, having
membership of 10000. 1t carries on
an extensive community program hav-
ing 6fty-three departments and en-
ploying thirty paid workers. Its
annual operating budget is about
$4,000.
Education
In 1865, ninety per cent of the Ne
groes were illiterate; now about twenty
per cent. Then there were 100000
Negroes in school; now about 2,150,-
900.
There are in the United States about
10000 Negro college graduates. Six
hundred and seventy-fve received the
Bachelors degree last year.
The degree of Doctor Of Philosophy
has been awarded to twenty-nine Ne
groes by American universities. Sixty
have been elected to membership in
the Phi Beta Kappa scholarship
fraternity.
In four years work, Eunice Hunton
took both the ALB. and AN. degrees
at Smith College, Mass, the largest
girls college in the world. Only one
other student at Smith has ever
equalled this record.
H. S. Blackstone received the degree
of Ph.D. from the University OF
Pennsylvania at the age OF twenty
three, one of the youngest students
ever receiving this degree.
Constance Crocker finished from the
Girls High School in Boston at the
head of a class of 30S.
Archibald Carey, Chicago, high
school student, was awarded first place
and a prize of $1,000 in the District
Oratorical Contest for high school
studen's, including several States
Through their churches and other
wise, Negroes raise annually S5,OOO,OOO
for the support of their schools.
A number of Negroes have recently
given to Negro colleges sums ranging
from $4,000 to $4,000 each.
Literature and Art
More than a hundred volumes OF
Negro poetry have been published IN
America.
Countee P. Cullen, Of New York, in
1928 and again in 1924 won second
prize in the Witter Bynner under
graduate poetry contest, open to all
colleges Of America and participated
in by seven hundred students repre-
senting three hundred institutions.
Prof Isaac Fisher. Of Nashville,
Evening star., 1926-12-15

John w. Childress, Mrs. Victor Kauff-
mann. Mrs. Philip Morrison Julien,
Mrs. Loren B. Johnson, Mrs. George
Barnett, Mrs. George d. Murray, Mrs.
Charles c. Long. Mrs. Guy I'll. John
son and Mrs. John J. Hamilton. With
the bud will be Miss Marjorie Bu.
chanan of New York and Miss Jo-
sephine Muslin of Philadelphia, house
guests of Miss Smith; Miss Barbara
Hight, Miss Nancy Hamilton, Miss
Alice Cults, Miss Mary Page Julien.
Miss Adelaide Douglass, Miss katha-
rine Amory, Princess Ida Cantacu-
zene, Miss Georgiana Joyes, MISS
Fannie Dial, Miss Harriet Huntress,
Miss Louise FitZhugh, Miss Sallie
Hews Phillips and Miss Helen Galley.
Mrs. Smith will wear a robe de
style of white chiffon and gold beads,
and the debutante will wear dainty
imported frock of white taffeta de-
signed along oldfashioned lines. with
a close fitting bodice and a full skirt
scalloped and faced with cloth OF sill
yer, The skirt is about six inches
from the floor at the front and nearly
trails the floor at the back and sides,
and a soft bow of silver ribbon, from
which streamers fall, is caught at the
waist line slightly to the left side. The
bodice is made with fOunQ neck llne
and the front of the gown is heavily
embroidered in a lovely pattern with
silver threads She will carry an old
fashioned bouquet of pink roses and
forget -me-nOts.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles v. Wheeler
will entertain at dinner this evening
for Miss Smith and her receiving
party, and Col. and Mrs Smith will
be hosts at dinner to group of their
friends. Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Rohr of
Philadelphia, and Mr.. James Rohr are
house guests of Col. and Mrs. Smith,
having come for the debut.
Mrs. William Livingston Alexander
entertained at luncheon today at the
Washington Club for her daughter,
Miss Carolyn Livingston Alexander, in
compliment to Miss Lettice Lee Coul
ling. The other guests were Miss
Elizabeth Glen, Miss Georgiana Joyes.
Miss Harriet Stearns Whitford, Miss
Betty Ridsdale, Miss Nancy Hamilton,
Miss Marjorie Mondell, Miss Frances
Hopkins, Miss Alice Cults, Miss Mar
garet Kerr, Miss Sophie Beall, and
Miss Carolyn Ellicott Maccoun of Bal
timore.
Mrs. Samuel J. Henry entertained
Evening star., 1926-12-15
SOCIETY
The President and Mrs. Coolidge Honor
Guests at Dinner of Secretary and
Mrs. Kellogg Last Evening.

in the presidential suite at the Willard
Monday evening in honor of her
uncle. Representative Theodore Bur
ton, in celebration of his birthday
anniversary that day.
Nine. Orlowska, wife of the second
secretary of the Polish legation, has
with her at her home, 2016 o street,
her mother, Mrs. Kathryn Brady
Harris.
Col and Mrs. George r. Mitchell
have closed their country place. Bird
Clifton Terrace for the Winter.
Judge and Mrs. Samuel Jordan
Graham will he hosts to a large com
pany at dinner this evening in the
presidential suite at the Willard
Hotel. They will entertain informally
at dinner Friday
Mrs. J. Hartley Given will enter
tain at a large supper dance in the
patio of the Carlton Hotel this eve
ming for her granddaughter, Mrs.
William North Sturtevant. and Mr.
Sturtevant, in compliment to two
debutantes of the season, Miss Re
bekah Lipscomb and Miss Adelaide
Douglass. Assisting Mrs. Given and
Mrs. Sturtevant in receiving will be
Mrs. Given's daughter. Mrs. Fred
erick Brooks Merely. and her daugh-
ter, Mrs. James Hill Rogers of Pitts
bursh. There will be about $50 guests.
Mr.. and Mrs Philip c. Kaufman
have gone to Bermuda, where they
will spend the holidays at the Wind
sor Hotel in Hamilton.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Hays Hammond
entertained at the supper dance at
the Carlton Club last evening in COM
pliment to Miss Margaret Zolnay and
Mr.. Daniel Wright, I'd, who are ap-
nearing at the club this week. Thelr
guests were Admiral and Mrs. Ed
ward w. Eberle, the secretary of the
Polish legation and Nine. Orlowska,
the secretary of the Peruvian EN-
bassy and Sonora de Bedoya, the
naval attache of the French embassy
and Nine. Willm, Mrs. Sydney Clo-
man, the attache of the Belgian en-
bassy, Count Francois de Buisseret
the attache Of the Italian embassy,
Conte Pho Macchi de Cellere; the COM
mercial secretary of the British en-
bassy, Mr.. Leander Mccormick Good
hart; the first secretary of the Irish
Free State legation, Mr.. William j.
r.. Macaulay: Brig. Gen. John A. John
ston, Miss Natalie Hammond, Miss
Elizabeth Hammond, Miss Ramona
Lefevre, Mr.. James Barlow and Mr..
Harold Mckenzie.
Evening star., 1926-12-15
Mime. SEE Shared HOnors at
lunch Today With Mrs. Bingham.

Mime. SEE, wife of the Minister OF
China and Mrs. Hiram Bingham,
wife of Senator Bingham of Connecu-
c,It shared honorS at the luncheon
TODAY of Mrs. George G. Thorpe. There
were IA guests in the company, among
them being Mrs. Henrik Shlpsteao'
wife of Senator Shipstead of Mime
sofa.
Mrs. Hiram Bingham and Mrs.
George Wharton Pepper will be at
home tomorrow afternoon from TO
6 O'Clock in Mrs. Bingham's apart
ment, at 2633 Sixteenth street.
Representative and Mrs. Thomas
Hall and their daughter, MISS Eilen
Hall, have as their guest Miss Miriam
Tavlor. who is on her way to her
home, in North Dakota, from her
school, at Fairfax, Va.
The marriage of Miss Mary Smith
wick, daughter of Representative and
Mrs. John Harris Smithwick of Pensa-
cola, Fla, to Capt. James Frederick
Moriarty, U. S. M. c., of Chicopee.
Mass, will take place this evening at
O'Clock, in the Gunton-Temple
Memorial Presbyterian Church. the
Rev. Bernard Braskamp officiating.
A reception and buffet supper will
follow imediately after the cere-
mony, in the home of the brides par
ents, at 5206 Colorado avenue.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
and Mrs. Theodore Douglas Robinson
were hosts at dinner last evening in
compliment to the Secretary Of the
Navy and Mrs. Curtis Dwight Wilbur.
Others in the company were the Sec
retary of Agriculture and Mrs. VIII
liam NJ. Jardine, the Secretary Of
Labor and Mrs. James J. Davis, Ad-
miral and Mrs. Edward w. Eberle,
Mai. Gen. and Mrs. John A. Lejeune,
Rear Admiral and Mrs. Hilary A.
Jones, Miss Helen Robinson, daughter
of the hosts, and Mr.. Paul Wilstach.
Miss Grace G.. Burton has issued
cards for dinner which she will give
Evening star., 1926-12-15
Miss Smith to Make
Formal Bow This Afternoon.

Col. and Mrs. George Leonard Smith
will entertain at tea dance this aft
ernoon from A to o'clock at Raus-
cher's, when they will present their
daughter, Miss Eleanor Bryan Smith.
The ballroom is gay with Christmas
green's and berries and the bud and
her mother will stand before lattice
screen studded with flowers sent to
the popular debutante.
Mrs. Smith will be assisted by Mrs.
Henry T. Rohr of Philadelphia. Mrs.
Charles v. Wheeler, Mrs. Charles Ed
ward Lyon, Mrs. Jack Hayes. Mrs.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

"HE Secretary of State and
Mrs. Kellogg entertained at
dinner last evening in honor
of the President and Mrs.
Coolidge. The other guests
were Gen. John J. Pershing, Mr.. and
Mrs, Henry White, Mr.. and Mrs.
John w. Garrett, Princess Cantacu-
zene. Mr.. and Mrs. William +. BROOKS
OF indianapolis and Mr.. and Mrs.
Silas Hardy Strawn of Chicago. The
Governor of Minnesota and Mrs
Theodore Christianson were expect
ed to attend the dinner. but at the
last minute were compelled TO SEND
their regrets owing to the governors
illness.
Mrs. Wilbur. wife of the Secre-
tary of the Navy, was the honor
guest at luncheon today OF Mrs.
James r. Morris, who entertained at
to Mayfiower Hotel following Mrs.
Townsend's morning musical. Mrs.
Dayids of Seattle, Wash, who is
the house guest of Mrs. Claude A.
Swanson, was among the other
guests.
The Secretary of the Interior, DR..
Hubert Work. will be the guest or
honor at dinner this evening OF MAJ.
and Mrs. Parker w. West. who Will
entertain company of 16.
Evening star., 1926-12-15
Given Additional Duty.

Col. Edward A. Sturges. Finance
Department, at the War Department,
has been assigned to additional duty
as finance officer, district Of Wash
ington, Munitions Building. He will
relieve Maj G.. Frank F.. Parker,
Finance Department, who is TO be
assigned to other duty.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Robert e. Peary and Mr.. Robert e.
Peary, jr., of Bethlehem, Pa.
Miss Susan Price Goodman of
Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, is the
guest of her cousins, Comdr. and Mrs.
Harold O'Driscoll Hunter, for q week.
Miss Margaret Treadwell has post
poned her visit to Washington until
January, owing to illness.
Godfrey Brooks :.
Engagement Announced.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin T. Godfrey of
Ottawa, Canada. announce the en-
gagement of their youngest daughter,
Doris. Eggerton, to Mr.. Donald E.
Brooks, son of DR.. and Mrs. II. Il.
Brooks of Washington, u. C. The
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Mrs. Edward Stafford has gone to
spend several days in Philadelphia,
where she will address the Philadel.
phia Geographical Society at it's din.
ner to Comdr. Byrd.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stafford will have
with with them for the holidays the
latterS mother and brother. Mrs.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

marriage will take place the latter
part of December in Ottawa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gene Vidal have gone
to Hollywood. Calf. and are stopping
at the Hollywood Plaza Hotel.
Gen. Richard c. Marshall was host
Continued on Nineteenth Page)
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Mrs. John Allan Dougherty will en-
tertain at tea Friday afternoon at the
Mayfiower Hotel for the young ladies
who assisted her in the Red Cross
roll call of the District
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Mr.. and Mrs. A. j. Redway, jr., and
their two children of Chestnut Hill,
Mass, will spend Christmas with Mr.
and Mrs. Chauncey G. Parker in their
home on Rhode Island avenue. Mrs.
Redway was formerly Miss Edith
Parker.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Capt. and Mrs. James G.. F. I'D have
as their guests. in their new home at
2S1S Cathedral avenue. DR.. and Mrs.
Rudolph Holmes of Chicago.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Mrs William Mather Lewis, wife
of me president of the George Wash
ington University, and their daughter.
Miss Sallie Lewis, left yesterday for
Los Angeles to join DIR. Lewis for the
Christmas HOLIDAYS.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

in the presidential suite at the Willard
Monday evening in honor OF her
uncle. Representative Theodore Bur
ton, in celebration of his birthday
that day.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

a company at luncheon at the May
flower today following the second of
Mrs. Lawrence Townsend's morning
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Nine. Orlowska, wife of the second
secretary of the Polish legation has
with her at her home, 2016 o street,
her mother, Mrs. Kathryn Brady
Harris
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Mrs. George Leroy Boyle will en-
tertain at dinner followed by bridge in
the Whitehouse suite at the Willard
Saturday night.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Col and Mrs. George Il. Mitchell
have closed their country place. Bird
wood. near Catlett, Va. and are at
Clifton Terrace for the Winter.
Evening star., 1926-12-15

Miss Grace c. Burton has issued
cards for dinner which she will give
The Alaska fisherman., 1926-02-15

IOuuCcS d1cStdnCc CO LUWdiU VII, King of Great Britain and Ire land "Of whom I am now a sub ject''-to use your own language the law presumes that you know that you are not a citizen, that thereafter you cannot claim the benefit of the special law. And can you deny the force of your own words?
 You give your whole case away when you say, "Unfortu ?ately l have never been able to find the record of my fathers papers, al- though morally certain that he had been naturalized. 1 have made a search of the records in Boston where 1 supposed he had taken out his papers, but without success"
 One thing is certain, you were enough in doubt about your citizen ship so that you made search for the record. Did you continue to "erroneously" believe yourself a citizen when you failed to find any record of your fathers natur- alization? and could you continue to act in GOOD faith? and since you could not find any such evi- dence did you then cease to be- lieve that you were indeed a citizen?
 Poor Judge Gunnison!!! Many charges have been laid at his door since his death, and must you now add that he was also guilty of advising you, he, the Judge of the United States Court, On a subject which must later on come before him for adjudication? for you had already taken the first step required by law, towit, you had made your formal declaration of intention to renounce your allegiance to King Edward VII of whom you were a subject. Or is 1t your general practice to go before judges of United States courts and secure or procure opinions in advance on subjects which are of special concern to you? Let the dead rest in peace! And let us not dishonor Judge Gunnison or for that matter any Judge by even suggesting that he would give you an advance opinion on a subject which must later come before his court.
 Now as to my citizenship. I am in the same position as the son of an Ambassador of the United StatesJ being iboIn abroad of cit;zans of tho TTnited States I am
The Alaska fisherman., 1926-02-15


 born, he took mother to the only hospital in this region, namely, the Hudson Bay hospital at Port Simpson, British Columbia. He brought us back within two weeks and we never returned.
 Now as to that implied challenge as a citizen with mine. Unknow- ingly to you perhaps, the compari- son is being made constantly by the public You are making your record every day and on every occasion. This is case where factions speak louder than words" as our records the crowd in Juneau, would undoubtedly give you the verdict, for the people of Juneau who despise your principles are not of the noise making class, whereas the following of the unprincipled John w. Troy and the baser John Peques, slanderer of decent men and violators of the Constitution of the United States which they pretend to obey, would delight in holding you up as the prototype of citizens, a little lower than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln perhaps. Whereas a debate held in the fishing camp or Indian village would be held equally un- satisfactory to your friends
 We will let the record stand as made. You will continue to opposed laws introduced to better conditions of the laboring men because you work for a fee and your bosses wish you to oppose such laws, a good illustration being your opposition to any improve ment of the Workmen's Compen- sation Act, one of the three worst acts in the United States, when Charles w. Bown, of Nome, beaten in his major efforts to improve the law, finally asked that at least the clause requiring notice of claim be in the hands of the employer within 12O days after the accident, be repealed, I showed that in one case where you were the attorney for the company and for the estate, the notice of death was not sent to the mother living in Montenegro until 90 days after the accident, making it physically impossible for the mother to comply with the