Evening star., 1926-05-29

ing the freedom OF all OF Raisuli's ad.
herents then in captivity.
In 1898, Sultan Abd.el.Aziz faced a
pretender - his hslf-brother Mulai
Fra nee for protection, he was forced
to abdicate. Four years later Sulta n
Mulai Hsfid was also forced to abdi.
cate in favor Of another brother. Mulai
Yusuf, but before doing So Hand had
captured Bu Hamara. leader Of the
rebels. and thrown him to Gagged lions.
and then, as the lions failed to kill
him promptly enough. had him shot.
4
Since 1900 the Moroccan question"
has been Of international interest.
Italy FIRST intervened with claims, but
settled her claims not with the
Sultan, but with France, agreeing to
give France free hand in Morocco in
exchange for free Italian hand in
TripoIi. In 1904 England made a
similar pact with France and gained
freedom to treat with Egypt as she
would. England At the same time rec
Ognizing SPANS zone Of influence"
in western Morocco. while both Spain
and France made declara ton Of the
Sultan's Independence" and the lin
tegrity OF the Moroccan Empire, g"
while in a secret treaty between
France and Spain the boundary be-
tween their xonee Of influence was
delimited and Spain's ownership Of Il
section called Ifni, which had been
secretly ceded to her in 1860, was ac-
knowledged.
III
toned between Spain and France in
1904, but they agreed to use the Sui
tan as their governing power, SO long
as he held his authority over the ma
tives and ruled according to the
French Spanish power behind his
throne.
A year later USO5) Kaiser wilhelm
sent mission to F'eZ, the capital, and
asserted German rights. This stiffened
the resistance OF the Sultan to Frances
reforms. which led to the interna tional |
conference at Algeciras in 1905. Ger
many was induced to withdraw her
interference in Morocco by the same
diplomacy as had won with Italy and
Great Britain-concession as to other
regions In Africa.
The German meddling, however,
had stirred up unrest among the
Berbers, which resulted in murderou us
attacks upon French workmen, re-
sented by France in damage claims
against the Sultan. In 1917 insurgents
besieged the Sultan in F'ex, and his
ma jesty appealed to France for pro.
lection. France sent q relief expedi.
ton, driving of the rebels and putting
the Sultan further under French
obligation. Again Germany set up
claims for a share Of the booty" of
the subjusa ted Sultan. but was bought
of by concessions In the French
Kongov-concessions recaptured in the
World War.
and Spain more clearly partitiOned
Morocco between them, but 1t resulted
in mutiny by Sheridan troops, sup
ported by the people Of Fec, cuIfninat
inR. In numerous murders Of Euro.
pesns and finally abdication Of the
Sultan In favor Of Mulai Yusuf. un.
der Cen. Lyautey--A diplomat ~ well
~ able sOldier--the pacification OF
| Morocco was proceeding At the ont
break Of the World War. During the
war Germany used every effort to
arouse the MOr0ccans against the
French, but I'm vain. France had
gained their confidence. When the
protectOrate WIS proclaimed In 1912 II
covered SO, 900 square kilometers, when
! I'm 1917 4 French resident took open
control France held 5,000 square
kiIometers.
Add Krim rebelled at first only
against Spain. for Spain's zone Of in
| fiuence covered his mountains-ElR Riff
HE was 80 successful in fighting ths
Spaniards that he grew reckless. and
. year ago invaded thf French sona