davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
TO-DAY
HEADLEsS BUTTERFLIES.
MExlCO's CRISIS.
WINE, MEAT. OLD AGE
ONE MILLION 4 YEAR.
By Asth:4 srisss,s ssss

The Able Cambeue, French mis-
sionary in Madagascar, I learned
biologist, cuts off heads Of butter
flies scienti tically. Decapitated, they
Sutlive normal butterflies, because
they take less exercise and their vi
tality lasts longer. Butterflies 81
aothing; their eating 10 done % eat
erpillars, and they live . gay life on
their reserve strength.
The good Able Camboue might
come here and try experiments With
q few Of our social butte rifles. They
would ct least think just ~ well with
their heads cut off. and ;ik ~ opera
tion were successful il would, be in
teresting, enlightening, and good food,
now wasted. would he saved.
In Mexico, Thousands crowd tie
churches to attend short masses, -
be held every thirty minutes until
August lst when new laws. forblddtng
fiscating church property, 60 into ef-
feet.
and other commercial enuerpriaes by
indignant Catholics, President Calles
answers By aFresttng and jautng lead-
ers OF the boycott movement. k u
!. not believed that President Celles will
proceed as fAr - 3mpFisonment Of
the archbishop.
The crusi, at the ancient cathedral
Of MEXICO City u great, p4rents talE-
inc advantage of what may be The
last opportunity 70 here t6sir elIl.
dren baptized or confirmed. Outside
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
ONE COURSE IS OPEN
TO FARMER.LAnOR

The status Of the Earmer-LabOr
party rs political entity was in doubt
today as the result Of the decision
BY the secretary Of state that party
candidates had not received enough
votes to get their names on the gen.
eral election b9llot under the Farmer
Labor party designation.
In . conversation with officials Of
the secretary Of states office, Attor-
ney General George Shafer amplif'"d
his previous opinion of the law in the
case to make it clear that candida YES
for nominations TO state office must
receive ut least 500 votes before they
can get on the ballot under party des-
ignation. The leading Farmer-Lab0
candidate received 2o5 votes.
One course is open to Farmer
Laborites, however, II they wish to
stay in the race. That is to file petit
ti0ns. as Independent candidates and
get their names on the ballot without
party designation. They would still
have the privilege Of printing not more
than five words after their names Is
they appear on the ballot. In five
words, the secretary Of state's office
pointed out. they could easily make it
clear that thsy adhere to Farmer
Labor political principles. ).
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
FOREST FIRES
STILL SERIOUS
IN NORTHWEST
Fire Fighters Gain Ground in
Some Places, But Are So :.
Losing in Others

.Missoula, Mont, July 30-lR-
Forces fighting forest fires in the
northwest today continued holding
their own with some fires and losing
ground on. others.
Considerable ground was lost yes
terdey and last night in the Pend
O'kei1le forsst where q blaze, said
to be Of incendiary origin, spread at
an alarming rate. Two fire fighters
were arrested and charged with start
ing the blate.
Fires in the Kaniksa Forest con-
tinue to be regarded the most seri-
Qua and more than 1000 acres have
been burned over.
Last night forestry crews battled
ito check the encr0aching flames that
threatened the village Of Edgemore.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
Temperatures and
Road Conditions

(Nercury readings at -. m.)
Bismarck Clear, So; roads good
s.. Cloud Clesr. Is; roads good.
good.
Msndan- clear. 81: roads good.
mr3o-Psrt cloudy, q: roads
Jansstovn-Cle Clear, 62; roads good.
Grand Forks Clear, ss: roads
good.
buistA Partly cloudy. e; roada
M.nkate- Light rain. =; road,
Winona RAIN ~; roads fair
4iuot Clsar, IS; roads good Y
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
This Is Indicated BY State
ment From Secretary of
States Office Based on At
torney Generals Opinion
Failed to Get Minimum
Number of Votes

F'armcrL Labor candidates for state
office will not find their names on
the ballot for the general election in
November. it was indicated today in
u statement from the secretary OF
states office.
The reason is that they failed to
receive enough votes at the recent
primary to meet the requirements OF
the law. When the official canvass
showed that none Of the Farmer-La-
borites received 800 votes at the re-
cent primary. Attorney General Sha-
fer was asked for an opinion and de
cisiOn not to print the names Of
Farmer Labor candidates was tenta-
lively arrived at following his state.
ment of the law governing the mat.
ter.
The statute which the secretary of
state sought to have interpreted was
passed at the last Legislative session
and reads as follows: AT all pri-
mary elections no person shall be
deemed nominated az candidate for
any office unless he receives as many
votes as the number Of signatures re-
quired to be obtained on the petition
to have q candidte's name. for such
office. placed on the primary ballot.
Must Have 500 Votes
Candidates for state offices were
required to have 300 names on their
petitions. William Lemke, senatorial
aspirant and high runner among the
Farmer Laborites, received 295 votes
at the primary election.
In a letter on the subject ATTORNEY
General Shafer saidt "T have your
letter Of July q asking for IA con-
structi0n of Chapter 1876, session
laws Of 1925. in q case where a can
didate for the nomination Of u no.
litical party has received no votes ut
the last general election and there is
no basis for computing the five per
cent requirement contained in Section
854, Compiled laws Of 1913.
This question Ia not free from dif-
ficulty inasmuch as said section does
not state the basis upon which the
five per cent shall be computed where
there were no votes cast at the last
general election. However, think
that the law cOntemplates that there
shall be some minimum number OF
votes required and that. in the alb
sence Of the operation Of the five per
cent provision then the maximum
number required, namely 200, becomes
the minimum. think this is the safer
construction to put ON this law"
May Contest Ruling
Although Shafer fixed the minimum
required at 200. Investigation showed
that this is tae mi tiwY cnnbfr re-
county offices and that petitions of
for state office must have
300 names.
The effect Of the secretary of
states decision not to print the names
of their candidates is to eliminate
the Farmer-Labor party IS a factor
in the fall election unless steps are
taken by the Farmer -Laborites to CON-
test the ruling or to get on the bal
lot in some other way.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
CATHOLICS
IN MEXICO TO
BE DISARMED
Order Issued 10 Prevent Gath
erings Offering Oppo.
siti0n to Law
TROOPS MAY BE USED
Priests Are Instructed BY
Archbishop TO Withdraw
From Churches Tomorrow
TROOPS MAY BE USED

Mexico City. July 3O.-LP)-Cath.
olics throughout Mexico today offer.
ed up devotions for the lsst time un.
der the leadership Of their priests
before the governments new re.
ligious regulations 60 into effect to.
morrow.
Under instructions from Archbis.
hop Mora Y. Del Rio. priests will
withdraw from the churches tomor.
row in protest against the govern.
ment's religious measures. The with.
drawal was originally planned TO,
Sunday.
President Gales, in a speech last
night, declared that the hour was
approaching for final fight to de.
termine the triumph Of revolution OF
reaction. The struggle wAs between
light and darkness, and the govern.
ment would win, he said.
To Disarm Catholics
All Catholics in the country are ia
be disarmed in accordance with an
order issued by Attorney General
Ortega. Senior Ortega said this move
was q consequence Of reports that
Catholic groups were meeting secret.
" at night and that the authorities
were fearful the gatherings were f0l
the purpose Of offering opposition ia
the religious laws.
After more than q fortnight Of ut.
tendance upon masses, the faithful
again today crowded churches, cathe.
drals and shrines throughout the re.
public.
When the priests withdraw they
will turn over the churches to lay
committees. The government has an.
nounced that it will not permit lay
committees to take over the churches
and has ordered the mayor Of each
town TO name his own committee foI
that purpose. A report from vers
Cruz says the mayors have been in.
structed to use federal txoops II
necessary to preserve order when the
nt4yUfss~ c0tnmfttees cake oyer tht
churches.
Continue In Prayer
Church authorities have instructed
all Catholics to continue attending
church, and to pray for q satisfac
tory settlement Of the situation.
The national league for defense oil
religious liberty will start an "ecOn.
Omic boycott Of protest tomorrow
The boycott contemplates that al
Catholics, and persons opposed tl
the governments present religion.
policy as we'll, shall cease spending
money for anything except absolute
necessities. The league hopes by the
boycott to effect an economic SLUMP
which will be sufficiently embar
RAISING to the government to cause
it to modify its policy.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
Wheat Growers to
Run II Elevators
Under Pool Control

Grand Forks, N. D., July 3O.-LN--
The North Dakota Wheat Growers as
sociation through its subsidiary, the
Wheat Growers Warehouse company,
has acquired II elevators to be Oper.
ated under pool control at various
points in the state, it was announce
ed by A. J. Scott, secretary. The
elevators are ut natk River. Hemsel,
Lakota, Lawton, st. John, Walum,
McHenry, Fero, SOuris, Cando. Ban
try and Niagara.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
NAMES OF FARMER LABOR CANDIDATES FOR STATE
OFFICES MAY NOT APPEAR ON BALLOT IN NOVEMBER
Doctor Orders Mrs.
Scott to End Fast

Detroit. Mich. July 30-(AP)-Mrs.
Catherine Scott, public fasting to
raise funds for the further defense
ct her condemned ayer-hu sband,
Russell Scott. and to support their
three children. was ordered last night
by her physician. DR.. Robert Rosen.
to end her fast. now in its 10Th day.
She postponed her decision until to-
day.
Mrs. Scott has lost nearly %
pounds. =
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
One Workman Killed
in Mine Explosion

Hancock. Mich. July -t49-The
body of Frank Tinetti, so, miner,
trapped in the Quincy copper mine here
yesterday when an air blast occurred
in the workings. was removed from
the shaft last night. Tinetti and
eight other miners were in the shaft
when the blast occurred. The others
succeeded in making their way to
safety.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
MANY PLAN TO LIVE
ON BEANS AND BREAD

Mexico City, July 3O-(P)-A SER
want girl. employed by foreign FAM
lily and receiving modest money al.
l0wance for food, today informed her
employer that she would require con-
siderably less money after Friday.
Inquiry elected statement from
the girl that she intended after to-
day to eat only barely sufficient
beans and bread to sustain her life
until the religious question is settled.
She declared that all her relatives
and acquaintances intended to carry
out Q similar program.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
Patrick Burns Of
Steele Succumbs
to Heart Attack

Steele, N. D., July 3O-Patrick Burns,
20. who has lived on farm here for
43 years. died in the office Of DR..
Lodge here yeste rday afternoon. He
was brought in from his farm shortly
before 2 o'clock, suffering from .
hesrt attack. Although given medical
aid. he succumbed to the attack half
hn hour later.
The deceased leaves two married
daughters. One is Mrs. Heaton of
Wing. N. D., and the other lives in
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
new YORK Is
AGAIN LEADER
IN EXPORTS
Regains First Place From
Texas in Outgoing Mer-
chandise Shipments

Washington, July 40 R Al.
though showing . decline Of nearly
$S.0O0.O0O from the figures for the
same period last year, New York,
with $195,5lO,07l in exports, regain.
ed the lead from Texas in the out
going merchandise shipments during
the first quarter Of 1926. the COM
merce department today announced.
Texas exports declined nearly
1921 900, 900 to q total of $128.873 ,613
for the quarter, due chiefly to de-
creased shipments Of cotton and
lower prices for that commodity.
Total exports for the quarter were
valued at $l,O9S $780, as compared
with $l,250, 100000 for the first
quarter Of 1925 and 81 1881 ,44O,318 for
the last quarter Of that year.
Exports by states and territories
for the first quarter Of 1926, as COM
pared with the corresponding period
last year, included:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30

Interstate commerce commission at
Washington found not justified pro-
posed cancellation 81 application Of
combination rule on brick and re-
lated articles. betWeen stations in
North and South Dakota, Minnesota
and other weatotn states.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30

Woman ChOkes Her
Husband to Death
in Drinking Orgy

Chicago, July 30-lAL Herman
Hsilman, Is, was choked to death last
night ~ = struggle with his wife.
Anna, after the two had consumed q
quantity Of moonshne. Two children
Of the couple, frightened by the noise
OF the scuffle, ran 70 the street and
notified neighAors who called me
police.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30

:. Trenton, N. j.. July 30.-dN-It
was learned here today that . war
rant is out for the arrest Of former
State Trooper Henry Dickman, lone
hand investigator assigned to con.
tinue the Hail. Mills probe after all
other troopers had been recalled in
October, 1922.
Dickman is wanted on bad check
charge involving Jersey City bank.
and OH suspicion that he has knowl-
edge Of who killed the Rev. DR.. Ed.
ward E. Hall and Mrs. Eleanor s.
Mills.
Dickman left behind three months
pay due him from the constabulary,
and nearly 500 In expense money
payable to him For several months
before he disappeared reports came
to state police headquarters here
that he had large sums Of money and
took trips to Canada and other dis
tant points. The state police believe
Dickman learned the identity Of the
slayer or slayers, and was bought
Oft with . large sum.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-30
new EVIDENCE
: IN HALL CASE
HELD SECRET
Factory Worker Arrested A
Material Witnees-Is Held
:. In $4,000 Rail
TWO OTHERS SOUGHT
Mrs. Edward Wheeler Hall
Held Without Bail, Charged
With Two Murders
TWO OTHERS SOUGHT

nsine PlseseaA n. i, July -
-Gfs-Ch5sl Jostico Wilna1 r.
Gummego today ruloa that Mn,
J. Edward Whostee Han nlea9 s
released u 4S,6oo boll q 0oeh
Of tAe tWo eAasgoo C nnr1er Tor
which - was orrested on Wed.
needay sight.
Somerville, N. j., July 30-(AP)--
William Philips, factory worker, has
Joined Mrs. Edward Wheeler Hall in
the county Jail, where she was beinl
held without bail today, accused Of
tho murder four years ago of her
clergyman husband and Mrs. Eleanor
Mills, wife Of the sexton, in her hus.
hands church.
Philips, who was night watchman
ut the New Jersey college for women,
few blocks from the Hall home,
when the bodies were found side by
side under . crabapple tree, WAS ar.
rested last night as . material wit.
ness and held in $1,000 bail.
He informed investigators four
years ago he had seen Mrs. Hall and
her brother return home on the night
of the slayings.
State officials today sought at least
two other persons on the basis OF
what they say Is q mass Of new evi.
dence.
Evidence Not Revealed
The new evidence is held secret
however. other than that resulting
from an annulment suit filed by Ar.
thur S. Riehl, against Mrs. Louise
Geist Riehl, former maid in the Hal
home.
Mrs. Riehl denies assertions Of hei
husband that she was paid 5000 70,
secrecy. She is quoted, however, d
revealing that Barbara Tough, an.
other maid IN the Hall household
was off duty on the night Of the
murder. saw the Rev. Mr.. Hall and
Mrs. Mills at their trysing place il
AN abandoned orchard. and telephonet
to Mrs. Hall. Mrs. Hall is said Il
have left her home afterward in com
pany with her brother. Willie Steyens
and her chauffeur, Peter Tumulty.
Mrs. Jane N. Gibson, who said foul
years ago she saw Mrs. Hall and {
man quarrel with Mr.. Hall and Mrs
Mills, and then saw the shooting, hai
been questioned again. She reiterat
I'd her story.
Putnam patriot., 1926-05-21

Miss Maude Phillips of Hartford spent q few days last week with Mr. and Mrs. Walter N Phillips of Bol. les street.
 Mir. and Mrs. Warren Goodale of Leominster, Mass. were Sunday guests of Mir and Mrs. Raymond Wheaton of Park street
 MT and Mrs. Harry Morse enter. tained Mr. and Mrs. Everett Camp bell and family of South Manchester, Conn.,. over the weekend.
 The teachers of the Israel Putnam school held a picnic at Roseland Park Wednesday afternoon They left Put. nam about four o'clock. A supper was served before they returned home.
 Mrs. Marshall Kenyon, who ha, been spending the winter with her daughter, Mrs. William Vaughan of Greenyille, South Carolina, has re- turned to her home on Grove street.
 pr. and Mrs. E. F. Perry of Grove street entertained MT. and Mrs. C. II. BXby and Miss Ruth Perry of Brldgewater, Mass, and Franklin Perry of Amherst College, over the weekend.
Putnam patriot., 1926-05-21

Cashier Arthur E Smith of the Citizens National Bank is taanE a vacation.
 Kenneth White of New Haven was fhe guest of Mf and Mrs Mark Gal Iaut Sunday
 Mr and Mrs. Mike Coleman and Nf and Mrs F.Jl Wells peut Thurs day ia Providence.
 Mrs Samuel DIamond and Mas Elsie have been spending several weeks ln New + ark City.
 Samuel Diamond spent Sunday in Norwich with his daughter. Mrs Charles Jacobson. and family
 Dr. and Mrs William Saret1ki and daughters visited Mrs. Sarctzki's pat- euts iH Brooklyn. Conn. Sunday
 Mir and Mrs William James and Alrs Mary Whalen of Worcester spent Sunday with Mir and Mrs. F J Wells
 Mir and Mrs. Daniel Babeoek of Fan River called on Edward Murray lt the Day himball hospital last Sun day
 Mrs Katherine Smith and son Harry of Holyokc were the guests of Mr. and Mrs F. J. Wells last week.
 Mir. and Mrs Earl Payne of Paw. tucket mo1ored to Putnam fast Sunday and speHt Che day with his parents. Mir and Mrs. c. F. Payne
 Eudore Bouthillette of Hartford mutured Co Putnam last Thursday and spent a few days with his parents, MT and Mrs Regis Bouthillette
 Mir and Mrs Frank Jarvis and fam ily and Mr and Mrs. Louis D. Beauso- leil and family and Miss Della Fouu- Ram motored to Hartford Sunday
 MT and Mrs Ellsworth Morse. Mrs. J. C Nichols and D B. Gilbert mo- toned 10 Bristol Conn, Sunday, re- turning With Air Gilbert's mother. Mrs L. X Gilbert
 Mrs Fife Lo4n has moved from the Kenyon house to the house on Grove street owned by Jesse Rich, until recently occupied by Mr and Mrs A | Mansfield
 Mir and Mrs L. Edwin Hill of South MaH street entertained Mir and Mrs Herbert l. Herberts and son Of New ! arA City over the week end Mr Herberts is Y M. e. A. educational secretary in N. Y. C.
 Mir and Mrs Arthur G. Nerrou and Mr and Mn Lotus Reeves motored to Providence Monday evening Mir Reeves attending meeting of the Atlantic and Pacific store managers and the rest of the party attending che theatre
 Mrs. $. Nj Wheeloek returned Sun- dny from spending several weeks ln San Diego, Cal Miss Elizabeth Raf- ferty and her aunt, Miss Smith, who went with Mrs Wheeloek, have re- turned from the West but stopped at Miss Smiths home in Atlantic City. N J.
Putnam patriot., 1926-05-21
In the Churches
Ba2iist Church Note,

7ss ". Lockwood AafH ia'sr
 Sunday. f050, morning worship Rith sermon hB the Ee 3 Burton 5f tbe Methodist church in exchange Hifh Nr Lockwood i2 DO. an en- huaal4e Bible sehs0l session aish zlaaacs for alI ages and cordial sel come for everybody Stop iu and De refreshed With '1saac and His Wells Gen zG l2-25. GOO. the yeHhs HtH Ble's meeting. topic. How l. Cari Changing China2' lsa. el i3. LOO, evening worship q song service with orches tra accompaniment. Mir. Lock wood WilI speak upon the topic. What Lead People to Become Ghrfstiam p
 Thursday. 730 P M. church and congregation meets for prayer and 1eztImauH You are welcome here.
 Friday 0a m- ehaif rehearsal.
 In preparation fef the closing of his earH Hr Gaeh auad Wii administer baptism on SuHdaF neht4 and wli rfTe Ha hand tf fellow Hp on Che morning 5f May 20.
 A ae'erttiuH 0f mon from Hart Taf5 expected 1n thH morning of May 4g and 0f be tHe sue| af 5he Man. HHla riaa for stad8 hour and luncheon f5i'a4IH + WIli be HH Lacsst0nIs azt sunday a aetuf 1.5afa#f
Putnam patriot., 1926-05-21
CHURCH VACATION SCHOOL
 MAY BE HELD IN PUTNAM

IH iea 1f having Church Ma. .li.n laal uet HifB hearty ea.
 meeting af IaHl
 aHtinr The lalsre
 EaBt and H h8Gt Sue dat schools hold Go discuss Iha matter at iHe ereEationai parsonage Manz daT evening" The ministers Were asked aRet H ta4en RItH other Church Ea asaaH eaaoI sHf authorities. prepare program. se whether suitable teach- efz-e8ai be obtained. make aH esti- Hs.a of aypeH ez. and report tu a similar joint meeting to be held ia she Methodist church Tuesday cve Hias, June
 A Church Vacation school is a. group of boys and girls meeting in Che church each waek day. except Saturday For several weeks In the summer vacation period The school opens at nine in the morning and continues in session with varied program for two or three hours. The program is carefully graded according To ages. l8 general the program in eludes a war hip period, story telling, | Bible tories and drills. such as verse finding contests, memory work. dra- 5f Bible stories hand work organized play, picnics.
 The purpose of the school is to develop CHrlstioH character Each I part of the program E worked out iB accordance with the latest educational -faafgfds so that the chiid Is kept bass and absorbed ~th interest from Hff ta faIeh
 Ceor Herbert Betts sags. tThe hurth Vacation school z here t5 f#a TW5 Hreades aed | hegan For He inst tea Feaf u made sIow pro saa hHH Haa # sweeping fine aHi Literally handrede of com uaHf.a# and individual churches last gHHTF supplied religious environ asrf aHd training t5 maHy thousands children i1 our churches darIn boar 0f..ix seeks of vacation time
 And why aot2 Why allow oao 9Hr-H 1f tda eh.ii'z gear ta ha spent nidleHn and then complain If lark ffHlt ta tzaeb hIm seligian7 Why .at bring together the three great ! uetaf ldla children unoccnpici harehes. and willing teachers and ia then H the Church Vacation rhuafTH
 5ah a R8el was conducted last
 aer H bHuici8an jointly by the
 feeational Baptist and Metho- .i=t churches alth Rrral success They \ re planning to have another this ummrr
Putnam patriot., 1926-05-21

FW Seward and daughter. Mrs \Hlsan E3WH were in Providence Wednesday,
 Wilbur Lown of St. Stephens Col leee Aau5udale-on -the-Hudson. spent the weekend at his home here
 Mrs. Frank Billings and infant son Francis were the guests last week of her mother, Mrs. Oscar Counter of Worcester
 Mir and Mrs Frank Barber of Mid. dletowu have been guests of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Carpenter and family this week
 Mrs. II L. Pease spent Saturday lu Boston returning with Dr. Pease who attended the 0steopathic eonven- tion held n that city.
 The Ladies Aid Society of the Baptist church will hold their next regular meeting Wednesday after nouu' May 26. at the church
 he Lotus Quartet of Boston will give an entertainment in Putnam, June Ii, under the auspices of the 1ongregauonal Sunday school.
 Frank W Barber of Middletown gave a fine address on "Life's Noun tain Tops, Tuesday evening at the meeting of the church school workers conference Music was furnished by Misses Dorcas and Ruth Bartlett.
 The Y. P. $. (. E. society of the Congregational church enjoyed a so- eial evening Monday in the church parlors. Games were played and re- treatments served Misses Rachel Hurlbut and Alice Stevens. Perry Bar Der and Herbert Clark were the com mittee in charge.