davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Great Britain Is Gradually Nearing
Two-Party Form of Government

henceforth will be between Conserva-
tive and Socialist, but a British So
cialist is rapidly becoming, as was in.
evitable, q purely British and native
variety of Socialist. Moscow will not
inspire or control the Labor party
But by exact contrast neither will
Mussolini nor his methods dominate
the Tory party. Mr.. Baldwin has
quite frequently to prove he is not
Mussolini just as Macdonald has to
give proof that he is not a follower
of Lenin.
Mr.. Baldwin and Mr.. Macdonald
have now to prevent their extremists
from precipitating a class war by
forcing "a coal strike. If either were
for a single moment suspected of
having any such purpose his political
fate would be sealed. But | am
sure that there will not be a coal
strike, because only Il handful OF
extremists in either Tory or Labor
camp have a real desire to precipitate
it and the domination of either would
destroy the party to which each
nominally belongs.
Lloyd Georges Power Gone.
Lloyd George is finished. he has no
political home, no refuge, his at
temptS to invent an issue are quite
as fatuous and futile as some of the
late William j. Bryan's attempts to
paramount. And. in addition, while
people continued to believe in Mr..
Bryan's sincerity no one now credits
Lloyd George with any such quality.
In sum-. my impression this year.
even more strongly than ever before
is that the British are ''muddling
through" successfully, at moments
showing something like inspiration,
both in the face of their economic diff
ficulties and their political dangers
They are not likely to go to the
"demnition bow wows,'' either eco
nomically or politically. Very vast
changes will surely come. but while
the alterations are going on, if bust
ness is rot las usual there will be
no suspension.
1t is perfectly true. l believe, that
the British will succeed much more
promptly in making over their politi-
cal than their industrial edifice, they
will recover politically before they re-
cover economically. but certainly il
Evening star., 1926-03-07

ceived for maintaining peaceful rela'
tions in a great industry.
Practically all the railroads nave
turned down the demands of the tram
men and conductors for wage In
creaSeS.
The prospect of legislation in the
present session of Congress looklhs
to the speeding up of railroad con
solidations is becoming small py oe-
grees and beautifully less.
The Interstate Commerce Commls-
sion has turned down, by vote OF
Z to /, the application of the Van
Sweringen interests for authority to
undertake the proposed Nickel Pate
consolidation, to include the Nlckei
Plate. the Chesapeake and Ohio, the
Hooking Valley, the Erie and the
Pere Marquette railways, totallne
over 5000 mile of roadway and TO-
gether worth about S1.25O 900. .OO0, ac-
cording to the commissions valuation:
The financial plans for the proposed
merger are very severely criticized
by the commission; in particular. as
to treatment of certain stockholders,
the dominating interests being a.
cused of employing very high-handed
methods. 1t is permissible for the
applicants to renew application afteI
revision of the features found objec
tionable. From a purely transporta
ton standpoint, the proposals are
found to be not inimical to the public
interest
The National Food Products Cor
poration has consented to a Federal
court decree which restrainS the de-
PENDANTS from creating or operating
food trust of any character. "The
corporation agrees to diSgorge itself
of the offending security holdings"
The Chicago Better Government
Association has appealed to Congress
for help in the fight to bring the law
less elements in Chicago under con
troll.
Gilbert Murray, Regius professor of
poetry at Oxford, one of the foremost
living eXponents of the humanitie:
and one of the most felicitous of
translators from the Greek, is to oc-
cupy for a space the Charles Eliot
Norton chair of poetry at Harvard
Harvard and America are to be con-
graduated. One recalls that in the
middle of the last century a still
greater Englishman, Arthur Hugh
Clough, a very genuine creative poet
resided for some months in Cam.
bridge, lecturing at Harvard.
Our State Department has replied
to the latest Mexican note. One hears
with satisfaction that very soon now
all the correspondence to date be.
tween the two governments respect.
ing the recent Mexican oil and pc
troleum legislation will be published
!; i !: k
MiScellaneOuS.-The whole British
realm breathlessly awaits publication
of the report of the Royal Coal Com
mission, promised for this week
| ! stated in a previous summary
that commissions within a certain
limit of rank" in the new royal Indiar
| navy will be open to Indians. There
| IL to be no limit as to rank
| When the Dalia Lama of Tibet con.
: tracted for an electric light plant tc
| furnish illumination for his palace
on Potala Hill in Lhasa. the forbid
| den city" he failed sufficiently tc
reckon with the Tibetan Conserva
| tives.
| The caravan conveying the ma
/ chinery was held up in a Himalayar
mountain pass, the party murdered
the machinery smashed and hurled
! over q precipice.
Evening star., 1926-03-07

ments for importations from Germany
up to a total value of 100000, 900
marks Machinery will be the chief
item of the German exports. The
credits to Russia are to be for six,
nine and ten months.
The annual Leipzig fair is on, far
| the oldest function of the sort in the
world This years fair beats all rec
, ords for size and variety, the most
American automobiles, Russian furs
and German radio. In the fair Of
| 1914 there were 1880 exhibitors; this
| year there are 10000.
Hundreds of buildings house the
exhibits. Germany, despite a mo
| mentary present slump, is definitely
| on the up curve.
Italy.-In a recent letter to Cardinal
! Gasparri, the papal secretary of state,
the Pope announced refusal to recog
niZe. should they be enacted, certain
reform" proposals favorable to the
| Vatican, affecting the relations be-
| tween church and state. which a
| special commission appointed by Mus
sOlini of three government officials
and three prelates had drawn up and
which Mussolini was about to submit
to Parliament for enactment
| The Pope declares that Parliament
has no right to enact legislation af-
fecting the church without previous
agreement thereto of the holy see and
| dubs these proposals and sundry acts
and gestures of Mussolini, ostensibly
indicative of benevolence toward the
Vatican. merely establishments" not
touching the essence of the problem
Inf hn lot hot n,.; 4
Vatican. The Pope's letter is vari-
ously interpreted
| Perhaps the most widely accepted
| Interpretation is that which finds ir
| it a veiled invitation to Mussolni to
bid higher, to offer to return to tho
Vatican the most considerable part of
the temporal power whereof it was
deprived in 1870. There appears to
be no justification FOR thinking that
anything less would be considered by
the Vatican as acceptable solution of
| the Roman question"
! The foreign minister of Greece has
been calling on Mussolini, whence
more gossip. AT the least, so tbs
argued. with a dictator as boss of the
show in both countries, Italy and
Greece should understand each other
| better than of old
| :; :: = x
China.AOne hears that four sec
| tiOns of the Quominchun dhe "Na-
tional Peoples Army" Of China) are
engaged in desperate fighting. one il
Honan Province against WI Pei Flu
two in northern Chilli against armies
of Chang Tso Lin advancing from
Manchuria (one under Chang Tso
Lin's SOM. and a fourth in southern
Chill against the combined forces o
the Tuchun of Shantung and Gen. l.
| Ching Ling. who some months ago
was ousted by Feng Yu Hsiang from
| Tuchunship of Chill Province. Fenf
| seems to be more or less directing
! from Jehol in Chilli the movements of
the Kuominchun forces. Apparently
| WI and Chang are cooperating, and
| it looks like n licking for Feng.
! x j: x X
United States of America. - The
! House has passed, 3S3 to 13. the
| Watson-P Parker bin. which contem.
plates abolition of the Railroad Labor
Board and proposes a peace plan
as admirable as any plan yet con
Evening star., 1926-03-07

is also true that they will never per-
nit their economic problems to be
made insoluble by political chaos.
And as a last word, it is worth re-
membeiing that seen from America
Great Britain may seem down and
out" but seen from Europe it ap-
pears victorious and dominant.
Only Danger Is Sudden Crisis.
Every time I have come to England
since the war 1 have been more
strongly impressed with the enormous
instinct which is the real force in
British political life. There is a sense
of measure and of balance. Parties
may publicly proclaim the most radical
or the most reactionary programs.
The respective presses may thunder
in fashion which frequently deludes
the alien into believing that Britain
is on the edge of the abyss. Indeed
Englishmen do actually take a GER
tain pleasure in announcing that this
is the fact.
But underneath this outward sem
blance of profound and chaotic div;-
sion there are an essential unity and
common standpoint which actually de-
,termine the course of events. Only a
sudden and unforeseen crisis can for
the moment upset this balance. The
threat of a coal strike last Summer
was such a crisis, yet in the end the
subsidy was the answer.
Politically, using the term in its
broadest sense, Britain is as far from
decadence as ever in her political his
tory. On the whole. her economic in
stinct is less good than her political,
because for more than two generations
before the World War she had no real
competition. Her economic readjust-
ment will, therefore. in my judgment,
be less rapid than her political, she
will make more mistakes, and. what
is perhaps worse, she will waste much
more time in doing anything. Polite
ally she is dynamic and economically
not merely static, but perhaps lethar-
gic.
But that in the end the same genius
of the race will produce similar re-
suits seems inevitable in view Of
present British spirit and the really
enormous reservoirs of resources, eX-
perience and knowledge. Meanwhile
Britain seems to me the most stimli-
lating study in democracy now visible
on this planet.
lCopy;isht, 1a26.l
Evening star., 1926-03-07
BY HENRY w. BUM.

" HE following is brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the seven
days ended March 6:
The League.-A curious phenome-
non that--the hectic condition OF Eu-
rope for fortnight or so past over
| the proposal that at the same time
; that Germany. having been admitted
to the league, should take her seat
! as permanent member of the league
council lin accordance with the origl-
nal plan of the council and with a
; definite promise made to Germany by
| the allied representative at Locarnol
permanent seats on the council
should be given to one or more other
nations. 1t is indeed a curiously in
| teresting development viewed from all
sorts of angles.
The statesman, the politician, the
+; moralist, the psychologist the Lo-
carnoist, the real politiker, may each
have something plausible to say in
this connection. But when all have
sounded off and their winged words
have joined the winds. one observes
dominating the field of Logomachy, as
the fortress of Karytena dominates
the Arcadian Plain, the all-important
ldCl, 1dIllelN, lldl uOIQo TIE
cards
Germanys position is set forth as
follows by the German chancellor,
DR.. Luther:
I'm all the discussions of Gerniany's
entry into the league it was self-evi-
dent for us that no important changes
whatever were to be made within the
league before our entry. This was as
self-evident as the assignment to Ger
many of a permanent seat on the
council. Any change in the council
before our entry would place us in a
politically impossible position
Quite SO. To be sure. the argu-
ntents for enlarging the membership
of the council so as to include one or
more nations besides Germany are
powerful, and the allies might reason
ably have stipulated in that sense at
Locarno; but for the allies on the very
eve of the meeting of league assem-
bly, and council to admit Germany to
put it up to Germany that acquisi-
ton by her of a council seat must be
so conditioned would not look like
fair dealing. And I make no doubt
that all the council delegates look at
it that way. That BRAND 50 sees it
may be read between the lines of his
advocacy of Polish claims to n seat
Sir Austen Chamberlain put the thing
I in just the right way, as follows. in a
speech to the Commons on Thursday:
"If l might rightly understand the
causes of the anxiety that has been
shown and the mind of the British
nation. it is not that we are unalter-
ably opposed to any change of the
council or any addition to it, nor that
we desire here and now a priori tc
reject a particular claim without dis,
cusson, but it is due to surprise at
having these questions opened now
fear lest through opening these ques-
tions you endanger the results of
Locarno. and perhaps, above all, t.
the sense that there is something in
the air which is not fair play"
That's it. Allied faith, like Caesars
wife. must not merely be clear; it
must not be suspect.
AS matter of fact, this hullabaloo
seems to have been raised by two
sets of people, the one set in a sudden
blue funk lest Germany as member
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Italian Debt Gifts
Hardly ''Voluntary'

Nearly four-fifths of Italy's first
payment to the United States under
the obligations of the Washington
debt settlement has been subscribed
by private citizens and corporations.
according to official announcement
Many complain. however, that the con.
tribution of $4,000,O0O of the S., 900 900
due was not as voluntary as repre-
sented. All members of the Fascist
trade unions (and nearly all manual
and professional workers must be
members if they wish to hold their
jobs) were assessed a predetermined
amount. The acquisitions were ex-
tended even to the younger pupils in
the public schools. The story that an
army of dollar a year" men had vol.
unteered to pay dollar annually to-
ward the American debt has had no
confirmation, and was apparently the
invention of some ardent Italian news.
paper man.
Evening star., 1926-03-07

Habitation by prehistoric people as
far back as 100000 years ago of a site
on the Volga River near Samara, in
Russia. is revealed by the researches
of Miss Vera y. Misinova, and de-
scribed by her in a report received by
DIR. George Grant MacCurdy. professor
of anthropology at Yale University
and director of the American School
for Prehistoric Research.
The place investigated by Miss Mis-
inOya is known as PoStnikova, and IS
important because of the sequence or
ancient cultures found there. 1t is To-
Gated at the junction of a raVlne,
known as the Postnikov, with the
Volea. This seems to have made 1t Il
desirable habitation from very early
times.
On the top are remains of the late
iron age. dating from about 500 B. c.,
DIR. MacCurdy explained, but on dig
ging down there were found remains
of human habitations in the bronze
age. probably dating from about 250O
III. c. to IL 3. c. Under this layer
we're found relics from the early neo-
lithic period, such as faxed arrow
heads. but no pottery or pollshed stone
implements were present. This layer
probably dates back to about 5000 =.
c.. to 15.0 900 Il. c.
A curious feature of the place. ac-
cording to DIR. MacCurdy, is that the
layer under this was merely deposit
of rubble, with waterworn fragments
of limestone, but devoid of any prod
ucts of human workmanship. Yet
under this was found a layer probably
belonging to the paleolithic. or old
stone age, which dates back from
25 900 to 100. 900 years. This contained
specimens of cruder chipping than the
upper layers. and, he says. is of the
greatest interest.
Miss Misinova and he: small band
Evening star., 1926-03-07
CAPPER WARNS AGAINST STEADY
INCREASE In u. S. EMPLOYEES
Declares Time May Come When Half of Citizens Will
Be on Government Pay Roll-Says Proportion
Exceeds ! to TO-

and not with Congress. That saves
time and unnecessary legisla ton. Bills
providing for such a committee have
been introduced in both houses.
a similar study was made by a
commission appointed by President
Harding. 1t made a report to Con
Gress which is likely to prove useful
10 the new committee notwithstand-
ing good many changes for the
better have been made in the mean.
time.
In his budget message President
Coolidge made known that while a
i5O0-mllllon-dollar surplus was eX
pected for the fiscal year 1927. the
governments expenses for that year
are estimated at S3,S96, ,2O7.921 as
against $3,741.7S7 900 for this fisoa1
year, an increase of 155 million dol
lars.
The cost of Federal Government in
creased from a billion dollars q wear
in 1905 to more than 31a billions il
1925.
In his message to Congress the
President said:
I'VE have about reached the time
when the legitimate business of
government cannot be carried on at
a lesS expenditure the operating
costs have been reduced to nearly ;
minimum. The normal expansion o.
the business of the Government il
keeping pace with the growing Natior
Will involve added expenditure from
year to year."
We cannot expect nor have much
less government, but we can have less
cumbersome governmental machinery
ana can have less expense through
eliminating hIIroaItcroo,. a,,J ,,a<l
theStWins which create useless work
unnecessary seat-warmers and useless
personnel, all of which are at the
expense of the taxpayer. And this ap
plies also to our city. county ant
State governments.
II not the route to lower taxes in
the future, this is the route to much
less higher taxes in time to come.
Copyright. 1920
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Official Is 100 Years
Late Tracing Crime

Many hours were spent by health
inspector in Hanley. an industrial town
in the English midlands. after he had
read in the local newspaper that an
inhuman father in the potteries DIS
trict had turned his 11year-old son
out of doors to die of exposure In am
unfinished building.
The inspector searched during the
better part of a day and found no
trace of either father or son. Then
he went to the office of the newspaper
that had published the report. The
police know nothing of this case, he
said, "and it is very important Tor me
to get the facts" The newspaper re-
piled that there was good reason for
the ignorance of the police. The item
had been reprinted from the news
papers file of 1926. The inspector was
just 100 years late.
Evening star., 1926-03-07

of the council might try to start
something" proposing therefore a
counterpoise by way of further en-
larging the council membership; the
other set, very properly touched on
the point of honor, in blue funk
lest the council fail to deal honorably
with Germany.
AS a matter of fact, an adjustment
is probably being arranged very
amicably today. The Locarno prin-
cipals are having a private meeting at
Geneva prior to the meeting of as
sembly and council. One doubts that
any pressure will be put on the Ger
mans, but conceivably the latter
might make magnanimous gesture
and consent to some compromise
which. while not Gerogating from
| Germany's dignity, might ease mat
ters for certain governments.
Within u few days this strange
episode will be of the past; an episode
so curiously signifying the extreme
| nervous tension accompanying for
NAL allied acquiescence in resumption
by Germany of the position in Euro
pean councils to which (assuming her
good faith) she is entitled by reason
| Of her greatness. AS BRAND himself
recently observed, 'If one sets out to
make peace, one must not be afraid
of it,"
France.-On Monday the supple
mentary tax bill. looking wholesome,
! brisk and rosy, the same buXom
young thing that M. Doumer, finance
minister. commended to the chamber
so many weeks ago, but which the
chamber sent up to the senate in
an extremely dilapidated, almost ex-
piring condition, this bill. completely
restored and rehabilitated, was re-
| turned to the chamber; but already
it is in a ptiable condition again
from maltreatment, first by the
chamber finance commission and later
by the body of the chamber.
| The chamber ratified the Locarno
pacts. Alb to II, about 100 National
! lists abstaining.
The discussion was on the highest
| plane and showed the chamber at its
best in striking contrast with that
chamber at it's worst when discuss
ing fiscal or financial matters.
| The general conclusion reflected in
| the vote was that the treaties point
the way to that moral disarmament
| which must precede actual diSarma'
ment, if only that way may be taken,
and that (more Immediately impor-
|
ish support of France. should Ger
many agSress, the which certainly
makes the likelihood of German ag-
gression negligible.
1t is proposed to add TO the Acad-
emy of Fine Arts of France Il section
to be concerned solely with feminine
fashions and habilatory interests.
Significantly ADD El-krim, the Riff
hero. has begun to harass the French
and Spanish again, but it is unlikely
| that for some weeks ahead weather
conditions will permit of operations
1 on a considerable scale.
| X :. X 4:
Germany.-The latest statistics in
dicate a slight general Improvement
! in the economic situation; bankrupt
| cies fewer, little less unemployment
| production slightly up. The Reich
government is bustling itself ener-
getically to boost trade with Russia
The Reichstag has just passed a gov
| ernment bill to the following effect:
| The Reich government is to guaran-
tee up to 80 per cent Russian pay.
Evening star., 1926-03-07

What color do shadows on snow
appear to you? If it is Il clear
sunlit day, with blue skies, the cast
shadows appear blue. fact wei
known to artists and other carelul
Observers Irwin G. Priest oil the
Rureau of Standards has been study
ing this and similar phenomena.
One illusion which he has observed
is that on cloudy day. with snow
on the ground, the snow VIII appear
white and the sky gray, even though
measurements with photOmeter
prove that the sky is much the
brighter. If a person is allowed 10
look at an area of snow or SKY Wlth-
ont his knowing which it is, he sees
il as white or gray, depending on
which he thinks it is.
Mr.. Priest now has found that the
case is similar with regard TO the
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Continued from First PageD

Confined from First Page)
power which can hardly be eXagger-
ated. largely because he has done the
thing which is called ''muddling
through but in reality means avoid
ing the inevitable by doing the imme-
diatcly obvious.
The present British political circum-
stances supply one Of the profound
est examples of how democratic inSti-
tutions should be worked which it is
possible to imagine. No other coun-
fry in Europe has anything like the
same capacity and as a result all the
other countries are in extreme difficult
tics and democracy has more or less
broken down or given way to dictator
ship
In our own country our democracy
functions magniticently because there
are no dangers and no difficulties of
a major sort. But in Great Britain
for a full decade democracy has been
funCtioning under the most eXtraordi-
nary difficulties and it is now working
in the face of problems which have
brought down other democraCies in
the long past. In reality it is making
over its party system, its economic
system. its whole social and economic
life conditions without any apparent
conscious effort or reasoned program.
You have the impression observing
British politics in recent years which
one has following a man crossing a
street in traffic. Instinctively he
lodges turns, retreats. advances, faces
east, west, north and south. At any
given moment he may be moving
away from his destination. but in the
end quite plainly he is getting across
the street and nearer the place for
which he set out.
Two Parties Inevitable.
Britain must have totally new
political adjustment with only two
parties and those parties divided along
lines of present not Victorian Cleavage.
II is going to have them and they will
bC the Tory and Labor parties. but 1t
is essential that both of these parties
shall be ruled by the moderates and
dominated by reasonableness, so. until
both parties have demonstrated by
their performance under these condi-
toms. both remain minority parties.
II is true that the real division