davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-06-13
FARM RADIO FANS
TOHAVE LECTURES
U. S. Department Of Agri-
culture viii Begin Courses
on October |.
BY CARL III. BUTMAN.

Farmer radio fans and their fam
flies are in for a real radio treat this
Fall. The Agricultural Departments
broadcast program starts October i.
Although the department is not en-
phasiZing it's radio programs this
Summer, believing that the farmers
are so busy in the fields in the day
time that they are too tired to listen
in at night, this Fall 1t Is expected
that about 100 reliable broadcasting
stations will carry on an extensive
and varied program of information
and instruction along agricultural
lines. Chief among the features to
be offered is a National Radio Farm
School for the farmers and their sons
Twenty.four short courses OF elght
lessons will be offered and the only
entrance requirements are good hear
ing and radio receiver.
A million enrolment blanks are be-
ing distributed and 1t is hoped that
when the radio school opens, at least
10000 will be in attendance" Glasses
will meet for 15-minute lectures on
live stock Monday evening, on poul-
trv Wednesdays, and on dairying Fri
days. Laboratory work will consist OF
putting the subjects taught into
actual practice While no collegiate dl-
plomas are to be given at the end OF
the courses, the department plans to
issue certificates for each eight-Week
course on which reports are made by
the students. Printed copies OF the
radio lectures will be available, sup
plemented by bulletins for all those
who listen in regularly.
Another feature this Fail VIII ne
the daily chat to housekeepers on
economics. This will be supplemented
by talks on insects and pests, weather
data and forecasts, agricultural eco
nomics, some timely news bulletins
and a unique series of letters from a
farmer boy in college to his dad.
The first radio programs of the =.
s. D. A. were begun, modestly. IN
February of this year. About 6o sta-
tions used the questions and answers
called Fifty Farm Flashes. ABOUT
so stations used the "HousekeeperS
Chat" the daily news digest, the 1ea-
ture called Uncle Bert, the Garden
Expert" the weather reports ana
stock market reports.
The first radio agricultural college
was organized at the Kansas State
Agricultural College during the lat
ter part of 1928. The EXPERIMENT.
was SO successful both from the view
noint of the farmers and OF the IN
structors. that within short time a
score of colleges had installed radio
broadcasting stations. When Wllilam
NJ. Jardine became Secretary OF Asrl-
culture he appointed a board to con-
slider the feasibility of broadca sting
information from the United States
Department of Agriculture. The ooaIo
apnroyed the plan, and Sam PICK
ard was called from Kansas TO become
chief of the radio section.
During the Summer the department.
Is sending out only the news dlgest'
Evening star., 1926-06-13

stances where filaments are lighted
by means of dry-cell current.
What the set designers have done
to lengthen battery life was clearly
indicated to Smith in the matter OF
blasting. When a tube is biased by
means of one of those little "C' bat
teries the drain IS only two milli
amperes instead of six, or exactly the
same as the drain occasioned by the
detector
but doesn't the set owner have to
pay for the b current saved in the
purchase of c. batteries?" he asked
during our discussions of the subject
THAT is logical question" 1 ad.
mitted. without going into the tech
nicalities of the subject, my answer
is an emphatic mo-. Experience
seems to be that a c. battery will last
as long as the b batteries it works
with"
1t Is clear now to Smith that an
efficient &C" battery is a necessity
in lengthening the lives of the "B'
batteries. If the &C" battery is not
replaced at the time new "B" batteries
are installed. the current drain of
the biased tubes will be greater than
necessary. The cost OF a ''C' battery
is less than 10 per cent of the cost
oi fo-FOlt Is battery.
Economy Steps.
He knows, too, that by cutting out
stage OF audio amplification in his
f1ve-tube set, whenever this is pos
sible, he saves the "B" current nor.
mally consumed by one of the audio
amplitiers, which is two millamperes
If he can cut out both audio ampli
fierS and receive through the ear
phones, there is an additional saving
of two milliamperes. This is the logi
cal thing to do when working the
set. alone. OF course. to get accept
able loudspeaker reception with one
stage Of audio it may be necessary
to use more filament current How
ever, 1t may be an advantage and
an economy to use more than the
usual amount of filament current. as
when the storage battery is somewhat
overcharged, and it Is also true that
with one audio tube cut out the saw
ing at that point pretty we'll compen
safes for the additional "a" current
consumed by the radio frequency
tubes.
One of the interesting features OF
the study of current consumption by
the set is the fact that if the set
10 used more tndn tne average mum
Der of hours daily, which has been
figured by some investigators as two
more than proportionably higher
rate of current consumption applies
If the set is used less savings are 40,
proportionately increa sed
Copyright by the Ullman Feature Service. /,
Next week. No. SO: Exceeding the
DX Limit
Evening star., 1926-06-13
RADIO GOSSIP AND NEWS

Two new multiple radio receiving
tubes. the latest unique developments
in radio have just been announced
by David l.. Loewe of New York. One
of them is a "three-in-one" tube. A
pair of them, when connected with
a variable condenser and an in
ductance. are said to be equivalent
to a five-tube receiver. The inventor,
DIR. Siegmund Loewe of Berlin, Is
credited by experts as having made
a great contribution to radio-if not
the most important in 1926. The next
step would seem to call for a COM
plete set within a single tube.
The first Loewe tube contains two
stages of resistance-coupled radio fire.
quency amplification, and the second
has a detecting element and two
stages of resistance-coupled audio
amplification. Within the first tube
there are two sets of filaments, grids
and plates, together with two re.
sistances and a condenser for cou.
pling the tubes together. This tube
also has an extra grid for control
purposes. Inside the other tube there
are two sets of amplifying elements,
with resistances, like the first tube
and third element which serves as
a detector.
Many new feats are accomplished
within the confines of those vacuum
tubes, which measure inches from
tip to base prongs, and are 1& inches
in diameter. All resistances, for ex-
ample, are protected by being sealed
up in small inner tubes. Many con
Meeting leads are eliminated or re-
duced materially in length.
Claims set up by the inventor OF
the tubes include the intimidation
of static and distortion at loud speaker
volume. Like most European tubes,
these operate with a filament voltage
of only volts, and the bases carry
six connecting prongs instead Of our
standard four.
Evening star., 1926-06-13

ated from the field officers course at
the Infantry School, Fort Benning,
Ga, Will be assigned to the local re-
serve headquarters. Maj. McCants
would be a most valuable acquisition
to the Washington reserve headquar-
ters staff, as, being fresh from the
Infantry School. he would be very
helpful to the Washington units in
their instructional activities. The re-
port that Maj. McCants is to come
to the local headquarters comes from
reliable sources. it being believed that
he will take the place of Maj. George
who. on his return to the United
States from participating in the in
ternational horse show competition,
will attend the next class at the Army
War College.
OF particular interest to both en-
listed and commissioned reservists is
an opinion just handed down by the
Judge Advocate General of the Army
pertaining to training. The case in
question involved an enlisted reserv-
ist who had Is days of active train
ing during the current year. but who
thereafter was appointed a reserve
officer and requested 10 days of active
training as such. The Judge Advo.
cdte IeHeral IN MS opinion held that
though the law placed a limitation of
10 days for active duty instruction for
reserve officers, there is no restriction
,n periods of active duty instruction
Of the enlisted reserves. In conclu-
son the Judge Advocate General held
that though an enlisted reservist NAV
have had IS days of active duty in.
structlon in one year. it does not pre-
clude his active duty training in the
same year after he has been appoint
ed to the Officers Reserve Corps.
There are a number of residents of
Washington who received active duty
training during this current year as
enlisted reservists. but who since un-
dergoing this instruction have taken
the examination for a commission
and been appointed an officer in the
Reserve Corps.
The question involved has been un.
der discussion at the various assem-
blies held during the past year, but,
now that the judge advocate gen.
eral of the Army has rendered a rul-
ing, there will be number of the re-
Gently commits stoned officers residing
in Washington who will attend the
approaching reserve camps of the To-
cal units who were under the impress
sion that they would be restricted
from attending the 1926 camps. due
Evening star., 1926-06-13
WAVE LENGTHS 0. KID.
Stations WEAF and WJR-WCX
Found Leading in Accuracy.

Stations WJRWCX. at Pontiac,
Mich. and WEAF, at New York. con-
tinued to lead the broadcasting sta
tons OF the East in May in keeping
on their assigned wave lengths. The
Pontiac and New York broadcasters
were the only two of the Eastern
plants to be found always transmitting
correctly when their signals were
measured by the Bureau of Standards
Other stations which. were found
deviating only slightly from their as
signed frequencies were WCAP and
WIsC, at Washington, and WGY. at
Schenectady. which showed variations
OF one-tenth Of l per cent, and WSB
at Atlanta, which showed deviation
of two-tenths Of l per cent.
Evening star., 1926-06-13

to the fact that they attended a prior
camp in this fiscal year as enlisted
reservists.
Warming has been sounded by Mai
Gen. Robert G. Davis, adjutant gen.
eral of the Army, as the result of sew
eral cases which have come to the
attention of the War Department
where citizens military training camp
candidates, who, after agreeing to
bear personally partial transportation
costs, have become stranded at the
close of camp and without the neces-
sary financial means to return to their
homes. This has been the source of
considerable concern to the War De
partment and has proved to be q most
perplexing problem to solve.
One camp commander, in an effort
~ relieve the situation, issued the
necessary travel orders for the entire
return journey to the candidates
homes, only to be advised later by the
Comptroller General that payment
had been disallowed for this travel.
In another corps area, providing the
applicant was under 21 years of age,
the signature of the parent or guar
dian to the agreement requiring par
tial payment of the transportation
costs was required. This latter
method seems to have solved this
problem, and, it is insisted, should be
required in all such cases. Another
suggestion to solve this problem is to
require all applicants before accept
ance for particular camp to deposit
with the proper officer sufficient funds
to cover the excess cost of the return
journey. War Department authori-
ties hold to the view that strict COM
pliance with these instructions will
eliminate to a minimum stranded
cases, which in the past have been
the cause of considerable annoyance
to the department
That a uniform standard of uualifi-
cation may be established, the War
Department has issued program of
Workmanship instruction with small
arms, machine guns, 37-mm. guns and
3-inch trench motars for those attend
ing the approaching citizens military
training camps, the first of which will
open early in July. Basic students
not considered qualified to fire the pre-
Scrlbed range course may be given a
suitable course in gallery practice
White course candidates of rifle COM
panies who have not previously quail
ned as citizens military training camp
marksman or higher will be permitted
to fire the rapid-fire course 600 yards.
Washington residents who will as
tend these camps and who have taken
a great deal of interest in the auto
matte rifle will be interested to learn
that not to exceed 10 per cent of Red
and White candidates of rifle troops
and companies will be given instruc-
ton with this arm. Those selected
Will probably include all White candi-
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Diseases of the Ether.

"Microphobia" is the new word
coined by Earle Ennis of San Fran
cisco to describe the disease-like fear
of the microphone experienced by
many amateur and some professional
broadcasters. He also contributes an
other new -"microphonitis," de-
scribing the insidious disease from
which some announcers seem to suf-
fer. The last complaint appears to be
a chronic infection which so expands
the ego that one is never content ex.
cept when talking through the mike,
a synonym might be ''bullosis."
Realizing that the microphone has
succeeded the pen, which long ago
seems to have vanquished the sword,
we beg to assert that this same mighty
|microphone is often abused, and
through 1t many otherwise happy
listeners. Announcers and those who
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Many Foreign Inquiries.

Foreign inquiries for American
made radio receivers and parts have
been filed with the Department Of
Commerce from France, Germany,
Egypt, Netherlands. Denmark, Czecho-
slavia and Australia. Citizens Of
Bagdad, 1raq, are interested in six
and eight tube receivers. with and
without loud speakers and batteries,
according to one communication. Re.
quests for catalogues and prices on
American radio apparatus. particular
ly receiving equipment, have been
filed by the American consul at Con-
stanza, Rumania.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
RED DIAMOND FOUND
AT KIMBERLEY MINES
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
LONDON, June 12.-The rare find
of red diamond of considerable
value, is reported from Kimberley,
South Africa. 1t was found on the
Alluvial River diggings. This species
of stone is very unusual and is likely
to fetch anything from tl2O to $3.50
a carat.
The cutting of the stone has been
placed in the hands of a local firm.
and although the accomplishment of
this has proved of some difficulty, the
result will be that a fiawless stone of
about six carats will be produced.
The gem, at first glance, might he
taken by the uninitiated to be ruby
of gigantic proportions, as it is an
entirely red stone without a blemish
of any kind. Closer inspection, how
ever, reveals that it posse all the
requisite properties of the true dia
mond, the grain being absolutely
similar.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
No. 68: Life Extension for Batteries.

Having had long experience with
storage batteries in his automobiling,
Smith was posted on the funda.
mentals of life extension for the "A"
battery of his radio set outfit. But
dry batteries used for the "B" cur.
rent were something new 10 him. In
earlier days ne used ordinary two
volt dry cells in series for operating
the doorbell and Smith Juniors train
OF cars, but dry cells delivering As
volts In one unit were a moderniZa-
tion of something with which he was
not very familiar
The problem always on his mind in
connection with the "B" batteries was
their length OF service. How long
will they last?" he asked.
He no longer asks the question be-
cause he has formulated several rules
which enable him to predict battery
life with surprising accuracy.
First, he has found that battery
life is greatly dependent upon the
radio operator. This applies more to
the a. battery than to the "B" va
riety.
Second, he discovered that the serv-
ice obtained from the "B" batteries
was closely linked up with the make
OF battery used. His own knowledge
of good products was a point to be
considered at all times.
Third, he learned that longer "B"
battery life hinged upon using the
right type of battery for the right
service. A battery suitable for a
three-tube set, for instance, will be
less than half as serviceable when
used to operate six.tube set.
Fourth, he found that the use of
an inexpensive &C. battery repre-
sented a considerable saving in 'B"
current.
Consumption Rate Important.
AS Smith readily realized, it was
important to know the current con-
sumption rate of the average tube be-
fore attempting to make any study
OF the consumption rate of the set
as a Whole. He found that tubes built
to draw upon storage battery current
for the filament have drain of six
milliamperes when 80 volts are ap.
piled to the plate and there is no
blasting. However. he did not make
the mistake Of multiplying this figure
by five or six tubes and reach a sum
of 80 or SO milliamperes as the com.
bined drain of the typical five or six
tube set, because multitude sets are in.
variably equipped with blasting ar
rangements that serve to cut down
"B' battery current consumption.
And there is the detector to figure on.
A storage battery operated detector
has drain of two milliamperes, and
every tube set has a detector. There
is not a great deal of difference be.
tween b battery drain in most in
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Denmark to Broadcast.

The Danish Rigsdag has authorized
a government broadcasting station to
operate under the direction of the
minister of traffic and a radio coun
Gil, according to a report to the De.
partment Of Commerce here. All lis.
teners will pay fees to be applied to
broadcasting after the expenses OF
the telegraph service have been met
About 100000 radio sets are reported
in operation in Denmark, $4,000 being
newly registered.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Radio Legislation DELAYED.

Although radio legislation should be
one of the livest topics of news, since
it is of prime interest to all broad
casters and of considerable import
to every fan. it is practically dead. It
is almost impossible to ascertain
whether or not Congress will enact
either of the proposed radio laws
now before 1t. Senator Dill, sponsor
Of the Senate independent radio com.
mission measure, is still hopeful that
action in the Senate may be secured
before adjournment. Representative
White, author of the House bill
augmenting the administrative powers
of the Secretary of Commerce. has
become somewhat pessimistic. While
not favoring the Senate measure, Mr..
White believes, however, that If the
Senate passes the Dill bill, which is
recorded as an amended House bill,
that there is possibility that the con.
ferees might work out mutually sat.
isfactory legislation.
The President, it may be recalled,
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Recently Licensed Stations.

Among the recently licensed special
land radio-telegraphic stations are
plants owned and operated by War
ner Brothers. at Los Angeles, who
have been given the call letters 6XAQ
for portable station; the Airways
Radio Service. also of Los Angeles,
which has established a station trans
as 6xB. at Milford. Utah, and
the Calvary Baptist Church of New
York City, which has been given the
call letters 2XAS
Evening star., 1926-06-13
OLD PLAY Revived.
"Secret Service" Civil War Melo.
drama, to Be Staged in London.

LONDON. June 12 LP.-"Secret
Service" William Gillette's celebrated
melodrama of the American Civil
War. has been revived in London by
Gerald Lawrence. just 80 years after
William Terriss first introduced the
play to British playgoers.
Fay Davis. the Boston born wife
of Mr.. Lawrence. returned to the
stage after a retirement of several
years to take a part in the play.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Two Stations in Italy.

Italian radio telegraph. telephone
and cable services are under govern
ment control. The Coltando radio
station, the most powerful in Italy,
Is located near Pisa, and maintains
direct communication with the more
powerful stations in the United States.
There are two broadcasting stations
in Italy, one at Rome and one at
Milan.
Evening star., 1926-06-13

sever his COnneC-
ton with the local
reserve units to-
day. When he as.
sumed his duties
at headquarters
four years ago
there was only n
semblance of the
present organiZ;i-
ton of the re-
serve in the Dis
trict. and it is
largely due to his
tireless energy in
building up the To-
cal units to their
present high state
Of efficiency. Col.
Scott has been
granted a leave of
Evening star., 1926-06-13
80 Ships Get Radio Compasses.

Eleven commercial vessels and 81
ships owned by the Government were
added last month to the growing list
of ships that are equipped with radio
compasses, according to an announce
ment made today by the Department
Of Commerce. The 80 additions of
sships thus equipped sets a record for
any one month this year.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Broadcast for Amateurs.

i When the American Museum ex.
pedition gets to Greenland, Chief
Radio Operator Edward Manley will
attempt to broadcast on short.wave
lengths to American amateurs and
those equipped with this type Of re.
ceivers.
As Capt. Robert Bartlett's schooner,
the Morrissey. is registered under
Newfoundland, her call may be an
unfamiliar one to American amateurs
1t Is VOC. A tentative schedule is
provided for broadcasting from Green
land on 80 and also 20 meters and
perhaps even lower channels. Opera.
tor Manley expects to be able to com.
municate with stations C1AR in
Nova Scotia, 8GZ in Columbus, and
8FJ at Marietta, Ohio, but hopes to
raise many other members Of the
American Radio Relay League.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
San Salvador Now on Air.

A broadcasting station in San Sal
vador was opened recently. The wave
length Is 1872 meters and the power
800 watts. The equipment is of Amer
lean manufacture. Public interest is
high. and the sale of receiving sets is
expected to increase rapidly, Consul
W. j. McCafferty reports.
Evening star., 1926-06-13

recently expressed himself as in favor
Of continuing the radio administration
under an existing executive depart
ment rather than under another
bureaucratic commission responsible
to no existing Federal office.
Unless the Senate takes up the Dill
bill very soon, it appears almost GER
tain that the measure will be lost in
the last rush of legislative business
during the closing days of Congress.
In that event the revision Of laws will
have to go over until this Fall, when
1t may be considered. What will hap
pen in the broadcast field in the mean.
time no one dareS predict
Evening star., 1926-06-13
VIEW Now on 1000 Watts.

Broadcasting station VIEW. owned
and operated by the ST. Louis Univer-
sity, has installed 1,000-watt equip
ment, according to the radio super
visor at Chicago. VIEW first oper-
ated with a power of $50 watts, on
248 meters, but has been granted a
request for increased power.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
New Venezuela Station.

A radio broadcasting station ir
Caracas, Venezuela, began operation
about June /. The company has ar
exclusive concession to broadcast anC
to import and deal in radio sets ano
equipment. A fee Of IS monthly will
be charged for the privilege of listen
ing in, Consul McDonough, at Cara
cas-, writes.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
Commercial Station Licensed

A commercial radio-telegraphic sta
ton. to be used in maintaining com
munications through the mining in
terests of the By-Products Coal Co.
in Kentucky, has been licensed by the
Department of Commerce. The sta
tion will be known as WLK and will
operate on 43.45 and 5000 meters.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
WDEL to Sign Off.

Station WDEL, owned by the Will
mington Electrical Speciality. Co. inc.
will "sign off" June Is for the Sum-
mer, a letter to the Department of
Commerce states. This station will
resume broadcasting on September l..
Evening star., 1926-06-13
New Station at Vera Cruz.

CYC is the call of the new Mexican
hroadcasting station. on 337 meters
with so watts power, at Vera Cruz.
1t was installed by an American com.
pany. according to advices from Vice
Consul WHY'S A. Myers.
Evening star., 1926-06-13
John Smith and His Radio
BY FREDERICK c. RUSSELL


haze benefited thereby He also IS ado an ara
cpening experiences Smith has faculty for fmdn0 out things so