davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02
Supreme War Council in Turkey

All indications point preparations for between
Turkey England the question Of the Irak boundary dispute
the nations granting MosuI to the mandate
territory held by England has forced the Turkish govern
prepare resist the enforcement of the
league decision. 4anra4
Mr. j. Spender formerly Westminster Gazette
Turkey writes his paper that the council
has been called by that all commanders
will attend
persistent of the socaed spirit
perceive decisive preparations for Mus
tapha Angora finds itself in position
the begrent threats OF Great
inhabitants of northern Khurdsan in revolt
spring against they considered the weaknesses of ema
dealing with European mperasts and still to be
If Turkey submits to defeat before the suber
diplomacy Chamberlain Of England and NJ BRAND
weakening of the Renal government loss of
prestige possible revolution at home.
revolution Turkey will bring elements that
Soviet Union than Renal has thus far
the disconnected population has already orce
Mustapha treaty with the Boshevik government of
Russia.
with grave apprehension this treaty and
powerful press openly demands substantial
Turkey avoid throwing that nation into the arms Of
Soviet Union
tho accept compromise promised by
will be placed the position before his people Of
Mosu for that Britain could well afford
in exchange for the disputed territory. ,ssu
Regardless the strife Moul fact
forth clearly and that is diplomatic triumph Of the first
the proran statesmen of the Soviet Union The
Turkey proves the working of that nation
when the league of mperas nations endeayorng
dmmber what the territory of Turkey its
neghbor extends the hand of friendly
all peoples earth who threatened by the
mperiaist brgands find in the Boshevk
their only friend Tho the rulers of nations may at times
get they their very existence the friendship of the Soviet
Union the working oppressed countries WILL in
that the formidable of
Imperialism is the revolution
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

republican continually harps the developing farm
program Coolidge The latest suggestion for the creation
an export supervise the disposal of the surplus
the administration thousand export corporations work
composed of the best brains of the republican party
market sufficiently keep prices at time
when grain crops the whole world abundant
export corporation would create jobs for
republican party henchmn but would not
dollar n the pockets of the farmers.
The government the United States that at stroke
cancel billions the Italian in order
Morgan may safely his surplus capital has not cent
Instead creating brigade of
obhoders the into believing that the repub
party trying something for them why does not the
much interest in the welfare of its citizens
as does of the blackhirt despot and
brgand, Mussolni? Era rs,es
Such question answered by the United States
eminent relieving the farmers relieves Italy the
the farmers help in taxes the amount
ought it to maintain itself
among the capitalist nations
heavy Industries that be chained to the
finance capital while the farmers of this country
control That why Italy gets the debt
cancellation Morgan banks that hold farm mortgages
drive the thru foreclosure of the
instead cnceng their debts and enabling them to Mil
lions in cancellation reconstruction in Italy, but
one cent shattered farmers who helped
win organ that he might have the power to collect
will the debts from European countries Such is the
politics Of Coolidge.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

condition of agriculture. Endeavors
o intensity agriculture and to de-
5elop agricultural industry are the
most important means for combating
he growth of unemployment. Apart
from this general task, various other
measures have been and are being
taken to reduce as far as possible the
immigration of unemployed agricul-
tural workers into the towns. Thus
for instance, unemployed agricultural
laborers are trained to manage trac-
tors 10000 laborers in the current
economic year,. The construction Of
new roads will give employment to
about $4,000 agricultural workers this
year (instead Of 10000 last year,. The
settlement OF unemployed on unculti-
waited land is also being carried out
with great energy. In the current
year, 100000 rubles have been ap;
propriated from the state budget for
this purpose.
In the towns, unemployment insur-
ance is at present the most extensive
but no longer the only means of allevi-
ating unemployment. The sums ap-
proprlated for the support OF the un.
employed by the bodies for social in
surance amount In the current eco
nomic year to 50,O00.O00 (25,OOO,OO
last year,, by the trade unions, to
100000 rubles, altogether 56.0OO,OOO
(131, 900, 900 marks). Apart from this
about a0.00o,000 rublss are spent for
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

By L. F. VINOv

productive care of the unemployed.
More than 100000 unemployed are be-
ing employed in public work in the
towns for six months. The productive
cooperative societies Of the unemploy-
ed are in the position this year. to pro-
vide the possibility of earning for
10000 unemployed (by so per cent
more than last year,. A considerable
relief will result from the re-education
Of unskilled workers who are being
trained in skilled work and will thus
more easily find employment.
Build Soviet Economy.
On the basis OF this and other meas
ures which, for want of space, are not
mentioned here, we can calculate, in
view Of the uninterrupted, progressive
economic boom, that unemployment
will disappear or almost entirely dis
appear within two years. We cannot
yet reckon out to what degree, q lack
Of workers (Which, as already men
toned, is even now felt in some
branches) may develop. Should, when
that time arrives, the Soviet Union
still be the only proletarian state in
the world, II will, in two or three
years, certainly be in a position to Of
fer shelter and work not only to po-
litical but also to many economic refu-
gees who have fed from capitalist OPP
preston. thanks to the rapid develop
ment of proletarian economics and
also in consequence Of the impossible
ity of capitalism developing.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

tics, and expresses the opinion that
business is based to too great an ex-
tent upon the instalment payment
system, that commercial credit is
speculatively overstrained, the com
mercial credits of the leading federal
reserve banks having increased by
800 million dollars during the last
few years, that there is great deal
Of. unsound land speculation, ETC., and
that factor Of considerable eco
nomic influence is the fact that the
income of the farmers is somewhat
less this year than last, owing to the
poor crops and the low prices for
grain.
Unfortunately, there are no means
of ascertaining whether these symp-
toms are only temporary nature, or
signs of an approaching crisis; 1t rs
symptomatic of the decay of capital
ism that the see-saw of economic rise
and fall which is a normal feature
Of capitalism, is becoming irregular
and incalculable.
This annual spring depression i'm
poses a heavy burden upon the Amer
lean working class. When we recol-
lect that the index figures showing
the degree OF employment-issu by
the federal reserve board and calcu-
lated on the same basis-were given
at lis for October. 1923, 109; for DC.
tober 1924, but only SO for July,
1925, we are bound to admit that the
number of unemployed must be very
great indeed. Even when we take in
to account the reduction in the mum
Der Of immigrants, still the number Of
unemployment must be estimated al
between two and three Millions"
The following figures show the out
put of the most important branches
of industry:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

letarian circles, but partly from the
surplus agricultural population and
partly from the classes employed in
the specially bourgeois occupations
which have become superhuous in con-
sequence OF the revolution. Only the
smaller part consists of Industrial
workers (mainly unskilled) and ofiici-
ais. Thus, in another country, large
number of the unemployed would not
be included at all in the statistics Of
unemployment. The significance Of
the comparatively large number Of
unemployed must not be overrated.
Lack Of Skilled Workers.
There are hardly any skilled work
ers among the unemployed. In many
branches of industry there is indeed a
lack of skilled workers.
In spite OF all, the question Of unem-
ployment in the Soviet Union Is of
course an important problem which
urgently demands solution, all the
more because the proletarian state, in
contrast to capitalism, has really not
the slightest interest in the existence
OF an industrial reserve which forces
down wages. The Soviet Union there.
fore devotes more attention to combat
ing unemployment than any other
country in the world.
Aids Unemployed.
Above all. the Soviet government is
fully aware that the chief evil OF un-
employment IL due to the primitive
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

The big export surplus in 1924
almost one miliard dollars was
mainly, accounted for by the four
autumn months, which yielded over
500 million dollars surplus.
The Economic-Poitical Problem.
The main line Of development in
American economics is plain: The
United States are evolving from an
agrarian exporting country to an in
dustrial or capital exporting country.
At the present period, when there is
such a shortage of capital in Europe,
China, and in the South American
countries which are now just begin
ming to develop, the connection be-
tween capital export and industrial
goods export is even more important
than before the war. The world mar
ket for industrial products is so limit
ed that every country has to compete
in the effort to supply Industrial
goods on credit, or to accept partici-
patton in the undertaking in lieu OF
cash. At the present time America
is more capable than any other in
dustrial export country of competing
on these lines. Hence her supremacy
in the world markets. In August, for
instance, America exported more ma
chinery than at any time during the
last four years. and the export of agri-
cultural machines was AZ per cent
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02


April l, 1925 ....,rs............6,950, 4S4
On October !, 1925, the number of
trade union members was far more
than 100000 (exact statistics are not
yet available). ~
Actual number gof all unemployed
(from both registered and unregister-
ed, according to the estimates of the
Institute for Planned Economics:
April !, 1924 ..rr,.......-..1, 100000
August l, 1925 ..........-1 ,265,000
(There are at present 100000 regis
tered unemployed).
Unemployment Declines.
We thus see that, from April 1, 1924
to April 1, 1925, the number Of trade
union members increased by 1,067.S02,
which implies a somewhat greater in.
crease in those employed in produc-
ton. Unemployment however only
decreased by $4,000 during almost the
same period. The prospective proper
lions for the current economic year
1886, are similar In this economic
year, total OF about a million new
workers will be employed in all
branches Of work Industry, agricul-
ture. mining. transport, commerce,
civil service. etc.) ! while It is calcu.
lated that unemployment will only de-
crease by 100000 TO 100000. The an.
ual immigration fPm the villages. is
calculated at, in rbbnd figures. 500, 900.
II is symptomate OF the nature OF
the unemployment that the unemploy-
ed spring largely, mot from urban, pro.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

MOSCOW, u. S. s. R.-(By Impre-
cor)-Unemployment in the Soviet
Union has, to q large extent, other
causes and is of a different character
from unemployment in the capitalist
countries. Whereas in the capitalist
countries, unemployment is symp-
tom Of the economic crisis, unemploy-
ment in the Soviet Union must have
quite a different cause as, in spite OF
the rapidly increasing industrial pro-
duction since 1923, it shows a tend
ency either to increase also economic
year 1923-24) or to decrease only
slightly in comparison to the economic
boom (1924-25 and presumably 1926
26). The economic boom, II is true,
is so great in its extent, that even this
comparatively slight decrease in UNI
employment represents In absolute
numbers, hundreds of thousands.
The source of unemployment in the
Soviet Union lies chiefly in the dis
proportion between the agricultural
and industrial population. The peas
ant population, numbering hundreds
Of millions. (22.OOO,OOo farms), sends
its surplus population to urban pro
duction which employs 100000 work
ers.
A few cursory figures for COMPARE
son:
Membership Of the Trade Unions:
April 1, 1924 .SS2,682
October /, 1894 ...........~".e,430,470 \
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

The Asiatic countries, China, Japan,
India, as we'll as Australia, New Tea
land, ETC., also show greater reemigra-
ton than emigration.
This state of affairs is obviously due
to the fact that a larger section OF the
emigrants from these countries do not
settle permanently in America, but
return eventually to their native coun-
tries-generally after they have
scraped together enough money TO
buy a piece of land at home. This
process takes place independently Of
the number of immigrants permitted
from the country concerned. The laws
restricting immigration thus attain
their object: they diminish the num-
Der of those working class elements
in the United States undesirable to
the state, that is, politically unreliable
for capitalism.
That Americas labor market is
none the less well supplied is proved
by the fact that there have been no
strikes worthy of the name Of late.
L hC q cat DlAAhC VI INC ebnlAA dCtlc IOAA
miners, now going on for two months,
is an exception. These miners are the
sole section of the American heavy
industrial workers well organized in
trade unions at the present time, and
able to venture on a prolonged strug-
gle. Whether they will be successful
or not is still uncertain. Apart from
this, American capitalism is well prov
ided with workers, and tho individual
groups of capitalism may occasionally
speak in favor of a relaxation OF the
immigration restrictions, the class
interests OF the whole capitalist class
continue to outweigh the wishes OF In
dividuals in this question.
> Statements taken from Bull
letin Economique, Correspondence de
lEtranger No. SAC.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

*See for instance the issue of Oct.
End, 1925.
*"The farming population" of the
United States decreased by $4,000
between January 1, 1924 and January
/, 1925. 2,075,00O workers left the
farms to find work in the towns,
whilst only 100000 left the towns
for the country, the towns thus gain
ing $4,000. In actual fact the coun-
try loses less than this, the natural
increase of population compensating
somewhat. The farm workers coming
into the towns serve, as a rule, to de-
press the labor market.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

dollars. yearly; further, an unknown
figure for the profits on participation
of capital, and the export surplus of
the trade balance. amounting approx
mately to one milliard dollars annual.
ly All this brings the total up to
approximately rs milliard dollars
yearly, counter balanced solely by the
money sent home by the immigrants
decreasing steadily in amount) = and
the expenditure of the American tour
lists in Europe. Nsa
The fears entertained with, refer
ence to the transfer are closely bound
up with the fear of renewed inflow
of gold, likely to lead to an initiation
ist price movement. The endeavors
made to get rid Of the accumulated
gold have met with little success.
Germany only took over about 100
million dollars to supplement the gold
reserve of the reichsbank. The tend
ency towards an influx Of gold re-
mains as before.
The Investment Of Capital Abroad.
The solution of these-in part only
apparent difficulties is obviously to
be found in. a continued rapid in
crease of the American capital in
vested abroad. The trade balance
surplus will be devoted to further in
vestments abroad. This process can
be continued for a very long time,
as was the case with England before
the war; until such time as fresh
imperialist war consumes the capital
thus accumulated, or until such time
as the proletarian revolution COM
1 pletely settles the whole question by
the appropriation of the bourgeoisie.
America, by virtue of the, power of
her capital, at present actually rules
the world economics and the worlds
politics. All disagreeable problems are
smoothed over by means of money,
America Is to be freed from her de
pendenceg on English raw rubber by
the projected vast cautchouc. planta
tions in 9 the Philippines and in LII
beria--the "free" Negro state on the
west coast of Africa, which in actua
fact is, entirely under the influence Of
: America. Newspaper reports state
, that an American motor car tire
, manufacturer has obtained large
concession here This factory is go
ing to invest 100 million dollars il
caoutcheuc plantations, and its pro
: ductiona is to cover half the. presen
J requirements of the United States
: The enormous accumulation of CAPT
tai is sweeping away every obstacle.
Evidence as to Americas infuenc'
upon the world politics is to be seel
In the fact that, one after another
the ministers of finance and the direc
!, tors OF the central banks are visiting
America, in order to negotiate on in
ter-allied debts and fresh loans; fur
Their evidence is furnished by tn
state and municipal loans, Japanes'
electrical works, radio plant in China
railway building in Persia, potasl
trust in Germany. One and all seel
; capital in America, seek the economi
and political good will of the small
clique of American capitalist mag
(. mates upon whose word their econo
mic existence depends. The Amer
/. can Notwithstanding it's pres
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02
Berry Mourns for Munsey

Edwards agent of George Berry president of the Inter
Printing Iremens and Assistants Unon sent letter to
the Munsey properties behalf Of the
major expressing sympathy with he nearest Of his Crank L. Mum
sey's) bereayed relatives"
emneny Berry, the scab herder and srkebreaker
fellow publishers in New York crush the
prssmen printing trades should mourn the death Of the
labor hater, Munsey. 'f
speaks of the great loss' to the printing and
publishing industry that sustained thru the death of Nun
sew noteworthy the OCCASION Of the death of John
Mcfarland president of the international Typogaph
c Union fought Munsey outfit there such prouse
uoy forthcoming from Berry and his corrupt Of union
wleckers
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02
Exports

The tendency to change in the ma
ture of the goods is much more no
ticeable in the case of the imports
than in the exports. The high tariffs
put a great restriction on the i'm
ports.
Another point not without interest
is the geographical distribution of the
foreign trade of the United States in
the first seven months of the current
year. Here statistics are already OBJ
tainable*.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

Continued from page -
tremely optimistic for the most part,
still opinions are not lacking among
the bourgeoisie to the effect that too
great a strain is being placed on cred
it, and that the economic develop
ment is unsound. These voices were
raised at the last bankers conference.
Among the great economic weeklies
the Annalist is especially pessimis-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02
Imports

Altho exports from Europe to the
United States have increased by ap-
proximately Is per cent neverthe-
less, Europe purchased twice as much
from the United States as it has been
able to sell there. 1t is only Asia
whose export balance to the United
States is favorable, this being mainly
due to two articles: India-rubber and
silk. Among the separate countries,
England and Germany are especially
conspicuous with their huge adverse
export trade balance with America:
During the first seven months of the
year England purchased goods to the
value of 536 million dollars from
America, but sold goods to the value
of 322 million; Germany's purchases
from and sales to America amounted
to 252 millions and SO millions re-
speotively.
In connection with the necessity Of
an increased export of industrial
goods, and with the settlement of the
interallied debts, there has been a
heated discussion in America of late
as to the advisability or non-advisa-
bility of the present rigid high tariff
policy pursued by the United States.
Two distinct trends of opinion are to
be observed One regards the trans
| fer problem as the central question,
and demands that the tariff wall pre-
venting the influx of foreign goods
should be lowered, thus rendering
possible the transfer of the payments
of the interallied debts. The other
calls for an elastic tariff policy, in
order that the export of special indus
trial goods, and the import of others,
may be promoted.
The present political tariff dispute
relates chiefly to the alteration of the
present rigid system. Up to now the
United States has concluded trade
j agreements, only on the most favored
country basis, and have not entered
into tariff conventions, that is, they
have not taken any active steps to
words inducing the other party tc
the tariff agreement to reduce the
duty on certain goods, as they nigh
have done by means of counter-of
fer to reduce duties on certain cate
gories of goods contained in thu
American tariffs. The United StateI
thus possess no means of reducing
the duties on goods of special interes
tc-them. Thus group has formed il
favor of Europeanizing the entire tar
if policy of the United States; thi
group naturally consists for the great
er part of export industrialists.
The other group is mainly held to
: gether by a common fear regarding
transfer possibilities, and is forme,
chiefly by the banks who desire tina
their interest may flow back to then
in the form of goods.
The anxiety as to transfer difflcul
ties increases with the funding of tn
! inter-allied debts. At the presen
time the amount of the inter-allie
debts, according to the White Boo
issued by the American treasury+**'
is 12,OSS million dollars. This sun
y Financial Chronicle. IL Sept
TENDER 1925.
"*) Courier, 10 Sept. 1925
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

These figures show an improvement
in heavy industry, but a worsening
in the textile and motor car indus
tries. This last is alleged to be only
transitory symptom; the large fac
tories are bringing out new types, and
the public are waiting for these.
Foreign Tradeg
The following are the figures for
the trade in goods during the last few
n10nthla.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

increases automatically with the ac-
cumulating interest. The sum Of 5,146
millions is already funded (without
the French debit Given an interest
of 31a per cent, this would mean
sum Of 42O million dollars annually.
To this must be added the interest
on the capital invested abroad lin
round figures 9.5 milliards), making a
round sum OF at least 100 million
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

higher than the highest record hither
to attained
The change of the exports of the
United States from raw materials to
finished goods. and the reverse change
in imports are shown by the follow
ing figures. referring to the first eight
months Of the present and last year. |*
Percentage of the total foreign
trade:
Financial Chronicle, October 8,
1925, p. 1927.
y The Annalist, 4 2 Oct. 1925.
"") Financial Chronicle. October
1925. p. 1927. !,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-02

The fact that there was an import
surplus in June is Of no special signi-
icance. This has occurred repeatedly
IN the early summer months Of late
years, at the season when the export
of the agricultural products of the
previous year ceases The figures for
the first eight months are as follows: