davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27
ChicagO's Lenin Demonstration

5000 workers Chicago attended the Lenn
meeting Communs Party last Sunday
interesting sides 1t would be alb
Party city the of Chicago salts
a meeting Of 5000 even with paid admissionsl
power working party which
capacity mobilize the majority the ctys working
for itself such low standard that We would
rather choose the standard of ten times that many
But relatively nevertheless this meeting shows very
substantial significant the vitality of the Workers
(Communst Party biggest city America This
demonstration largest that has yet responded the
invitation assemble in hall under Communist auspices in Chi
In comparison the largest party meetings of 1924
1925 this cywhch also Lenin memorial meetings
this demonstration shows that the Workers Communst Party is
reaching Chicago workers than before by several
thousands
class composition the the quality.
Workers the outlying industrial sections such the Pullman
shops and steel mills heavily represented
In another respect the Lenn demonstration shows very
ncant large number Negro workers Chinese who
turned for this meeting show their love for the leader
speakers sad American,
man. Frenchman, African Chinese he Russian
which could reach and win the loyalty of the ocaed
"nferior" would not vet be a Communist Party.
At the Chicago Workers (Communist Party
showed that already it is possible only reach the Negro
workers and the Chinese student element but has already begun
them understand that the Communist Party represents the
interests of all the working class whole well the emancpa
ton of the foreign victims of Imperialism
Not the least significant for the the
On lies in the for which the demonstration
called shows that the respect
loyalty many thousands of who have yet
than that the great Bolshem sym
,bolzes the hopes of the working class.
But the successful Chicago demonstration also tends indicate
another suprmey significant the spirit of the
working class in the American big cities has passed the turning
point and the upward The working
ing responsive mobilization When eight
Chicago workers assemble honor Leninsm
enthusiasm that shown Sunday night spirit
Chicago workers the upgrade The this
increased by the knowledge that distinctly
the membership of the advanced American unions
that is of the leading capastic countries of the
The working the world
turning point and the upward The Communist parties
everywhere advancing in the internal of Boshevaon
thus becoming capable of taking the upgrade in leadership while
the spirit of the working class a whole upward.
The Workers (Communist) Party America may expect
1926 be year of advances The improving
health of the party gives promise of its ability advantage
of the increasing opportunity.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27

this question must be chiefly put from
the standpoint of practical aims
Lenin also regarded this question
from this point of view and said in
his article upon Cooperation" that
the practical aim of the N. E. P. was
the obtaining of concessions.
This point of view is correct be-
cause it answers the question of the
difference of opinion which once exist
ed between the speaker and Lenin in
this connection. These differences of
opinion were abolished in two respects
by the practical events: 1. We have
a tremendous forward move of state
industry; 2. We have no concessions
to the extent expected. At that time
we had almost no industry and only
plans for concessions, now we have
our own industry built up with our
own forces. For this reason the whole
question must be put concretely, prac-
tically and topically.
Still a ramark upon Zinoviev's con-
tention that because free commerce
exists, in so far exists also in con-
sequence capitalism. It is true that
Lenin said: Free commerce is cap
italism.'" But this only means that
capitalism is continually born from
the basis of free commerce. Never
theless one may not regard capitalism
and free commerce as Identical For
instance, our state undertakings of a
logical socialist type purchase from
similar undertakings. That is a com
modify form and not a socialist dis
tributive form. But it is certainly not
capitalism, Only vulgary can one
identify free commerce with capital
ism. No one will deny that we have
elements of state capitalism, elements
of private capitalism and elements of
petty bourgeois economy. But the
basis question is in the judgement Of
our state undertakings.
NOW to the question of the middle
~ peasantry. The speaker asks and
answers in the affirmative the ques-
ton as to whether some comrades un-
derestimate the middle peasantry. In
the problematical article of Zinoviev,
entitled "The Philosophy of the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27


lutionary ally of the working class.
AT that time it was proved that the
building up of socialism upon mis-
cradle technical basis. was slow but
nevertheless possible. In a session of
the politbureau Kamenev and Zinc
view contended that on, account of
technical backwardness socialism
could not be built up to the end.
ME contend that only the interna-
w tional socialist revolution can Of
fer guarantee against Intervention,
against new wars and against res
toration with the assistance of CAPT
talist armies, nevertheless we passion
ately deny the contention that we
must perish on account of technical
backwardness.
This represents an attempt to take
us back to a period which is already
behind us. There is a great difference
between the contentious that social
istic reconstruction inlia country is
impossible on account of the lack Of
guarantees for this reconstruction be-
cause of the danger of Intervention
and the contention of the impossible
ity of overcoming the difficulties of
the reconstruction period on account
of technical and economic backward
ness of an Overwhelming majority of
the peasants.
The speaker accused Zinoviev of
hnr 90 10
ence in his latest book. In his book
Zinoviev contends that his mistake
in 1917 consisted in the fact that he
persisted in Lenin's standpoint upon
compromises, few days further. The
speaker considers this Explanation alb
surd. In October 1917 Zfnoviev and
Kamenev did not shrink back but they
had their own Judgment on the ques-
ton. The Kamenev of April, 1917 con-
tended that the peasant could not be-
come the ally of the proletariat, that
the socialist revolution Acould not as
sumo the cooperation of the peasants
with the proletariat. So
zinoviev fought against this stand
point weakly and them accepted it as
weakly. This is the standpoint of dis
belief in the forces OF the working
class. At that time they said that the
armed instruction would come to
nothing, now they saysIthat we shall
perish unless the international revo-
luton comes. This islA repetition of
the same mistakes in another formu-
lation. q
THE speaker then criticized Zinc
- views book upon the history of the
Russian Communist Party and declared
that Zinoviev in dealing with the rela-
ton Of the classes in 1905 did not men
ton the peasants. In kthe 1905 reyo-
luton, however, the peasant question
formed the central problem.
The speaker accused zinoviev of
having neither admitted nor corrected
his mistake and this was very damag-
ing as the whole youth of the party
is being educated in this spirit.
After dealing with the basic ones.
lions of the building of socialism, the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27

international Press Correspondence
MOSCOW, U. S. S. r., Dec. 22-.
(By MaiD-Today's leading article
in the Pravda, official organ of the
Russian Communist Party, entitled,
as it necessary to commence dis
cussion" says:
1.-THE course Of the party congress
proves that it is capable of solving
it's difficult tasks. The party con-
gress analysed cody and unanimous
ly all the burning questions of pre-
sent policy. The attempts of few
individual comrades of the opposi-
ton to lead the party congress from
its practical work and to light the
fires of new internal party dis
cussion have failed. 1t is absolute
Iy without doubt that the new op-
position issworking for the common
cement of a. discussion. It is SINH
arIy without doubt that the party
congress and the whole party will
reject this.
The article appeals to the words
of LeninS upon the danger of dis
cussion in a party which stands in
power. The$smaIlest breach threat
ems to develop into great groupings
and fractions to undermine the
authority of the party leadership,
to weaken the party and with it the
basis of the proIetarian Dictatorship
The opening of discussion in the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27
PRAVDA URGES AGAINST DISCUSSION
IN THE RUSSIAN COMMUNIST PARTY

present period would be especially
dangerous. It is only possible for
the Leninists to lead the elements
of growth in the wished for direction
if a maximum of firmness exists in
their own ranks. The feminist uni
ty of the party must not be endan-
gered, otherwise the economy of the
Soviet Union would develop into a
direction dangerous for US. After
the Trotzky discussion the party
does not want another discussion.
1t would be impossible to avoid a
discussion if the basic contradictions
in the party were so large, that to
leave the contradiction within the
party organism would be a greater
evil than the discussion. The OPP
positionaI comrades were, however,
despite the efforts of many and des-
pite the co-speech Of Znovev not
able to oppose thhe standpoint of
the Central Committee with a real
basic policy. The complete political
characterIessness and lack Of prin-
ciple of the opposition is obvious.
For want of real practical political
platform, the new opposition can do
nothing better than to distort the
standpoint of the party leadership,
The article ends with the declaration
that the party does not want dis
cusson and will not discuss. The
party will call the hystercal COM
rades 70 order
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27

"The- power Of the working class is
organization. Without organization OF
the masses, the proletariat--ls moth.
Ing. oroanlzed--It is alI. oresnlza.
ton Is unanlmlty Of action, unanimlty
Of practical setlvitles.y
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-01-27

certain of half baked negentza offers five thousand
dollar prize essay how unemployment
society but they bar socialism and Communism
proves disappointed genuses bourgeoe have
nng Of the only solution unemployment they
supporters propose solutions within capitals system
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
AN EXCELLENT SHOWING

At the recent state eighth grade examinations,
IS pupils from the BOzeman schools wrote with
the result that 70 passed and only seven failed,
The ratio of failure was a trifle over 8 per cent,
and most of the seven are expected to retrieve
themselves when again given an opportunity to
write late in August.
The showing, all circumstances considered, is
an excellent one for the city's schools. It was the
first time in years that state examinations had
been required Of eighth grade pupils. The modern
method of teaching is somewhat different from
that upon which, apparently, the states questions
are based. For example, one entire section Of
the geography test was devoted to Siberia-a
country neither progressive nor yet world i'm
p%Ortant, and the study Of which, in these times,
is subOrdinated to the acquiring of an exhaustive
knowledge of the more outstanding political divi-
SiOns, and especially those with which the United
States is more or less closely associated. But
even in this instance, BOzeman's boys and girls
made a creditable showing.
There is little doubt but that the state eighth
grade examination question will be a subject Of
discussion, and probably action, at the next gen
eral assembly. The complaints against it, from
all sections of Montana, have been too vigorous to
pass without serious notice. AS a system of test
ing the degree of true education the pupils have
attained, it is, according to our most prominent
and able educators, a quarter of a century behind
the times It is based upon a method of teaching
that is obsolete, especially in city schools, and if
followed to its logical conclusion must result in a
return to the s~tressing of the purely academic
instead of the broader and more comprehensive
instruction of today.
The teachers and the pupils of Bozeman's schools
are to be congratulated upon the fact that, with
comparatively short notice, they have been able
to adapt their methods and their minds to such
a different style of procedure and make a show
ing that will compare splendidly with similar
records in other Montana cities.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16

the shops, have not had an OppOr-
tunity to reach a complete under
standing Of their general but com
mon problems. It has been suggested
that between now and December, and
at the time most OppOrtune, steps be
taken so the common dependence Of
the city working population and the
agricultural working population
should be generally understood.
Along this line, it will not be at all
amiss to let representatives of the
farmers groups visit with the city
workers for a while and sense their
problems and have similar groups of
workers from the cities visit in the
West for a first hand study Of the
farmers problems. Both sides would
secure benefits and the most disturb
ing factor in all the attempts to face
out these problems, which are really
national, not lOcal-the inability of
these groups at the present time to
see with a common eye-will be elm
mated.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16

Now we know what makes Charlie Chaplin walk that
way. He's suffering from Charlestonitis.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
By National Press Service
REAL COMPETITION COMING.

WASHINGTON, D. C.-This is a
good time to put our material house
in order. That is the thought evil
IDENTIFY in the mind of the president
and MI. Mellon in their outright dis
couragement of any program for
further tax reduction predicated on
the present really extraordinary sur
plus. Already we are meeting with a
decrease in foreign export trade.
for Europe is recovering slowly but
surely, and We are beginning to feel
the competition Of her regeneration.
Our cotton industry is being largely
affected by importations of textiles,
and in the jewelry trade, French and
German manufacturers have already
sold orders of such volume that there
is an actual slackness in cur own
American jewelry manufacturing
centers.
The full significance Of this appli-
cation of the German industrialists to
the problem of how best to capitalize
their low wage scale and meet adj
vanced efficiency is ted by DR.. David
Friday, famed economist, and ex.
president Of the American Academy
of Political and Social Science. Here
is what he says: eff Germany sue
cessfully carries out its adaptation Of
Americas new technique for using
labor and manufacturing goods, which
is far more efficient than used any
] place else in the world, she will agar
have a great out-burst of well-beinl
and production, and will give th'
world such a romp in the competition
for markets in lower prices as it ha.
not seen for two decades"
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
HELPS PREVENT
FOREST BLALES

A special fire-weather warning
service, to be conducted by the
weather bureau of the United States
department of agriculture, in Coop
Grafton with the Forest service of
that department and various state
and private agencies and associations,
has been organized. An apprOpria-
ton Of about $4,000 was made avail
able July 1, 1926, and will be admin
istered be- the weather bureau. About
three-fourths of the funds will be
used In the western states where the
problem Of forest fire protection IS
NEST serious. Canadian meterOlo-
gists also are cooperating in this
new Investigation.
For the best conduct of the work
the country has been divided into
seven districts, of which No. 4, Mon
tana and northern Idaho, with head
quarters at Spokane, WASH, is One.
The m~eteOrOlogists assigned to these
headquarters will study their various
regions to become familiar with the
topographic, meteorological and fire
hazard conditions therein, confer with
forestry representatives, select lOca-
lions for meteorological substatioRs,
instruct observers, install instruments,
arrange for the transmission Of oh
s~ervatiOns, make inspections, issue
! forecasts, warnings and advices to
forestry agencies, and make investi-
Ustions concerning the relation Of
weather to forecast fires.
The main object Of the investga-
ton is to work out reliable methods
of predicting fire weather far enough
in advance to send out reliable warn
ings, so that protective agencies can
increase their vigilance and make ad-
vance preparations for m~cbiiizing
fire fighters and supplies, and so that
woods workers, campers, and travel
ers can take extra precautions with
fire in the woods.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
A LEAGUE FOR EUROPE

The retirement of Brazil from the League of
Nations and the threat of other nations to follow
suit has undoubtedly Jared the morale of the
pro-leaguers all over the world. 1t is gradually
being realized that after all, the league is to be
a European rather than an international institu-
ton. This is as it should be. Europe, and not
America, needs an association for preserving the
peace.
Already, in Paris and other European capitals,
a proposition to revise the covenant of the league
so as to bring about the organization of separate
associations Of nations for the eastern and west
ern hemispheres is being discussed. Under that
plan, Europe and Asia would have a league of
their own, while the American nations would form
an association of countries in the western half of
the globe. 1t is pointed out that the Pan-American
association easily could serve as the league for
the western hemisphere.
From the American standpoint, however, the
lily IN the ointment appears in the suggestion that
over these two leagues there be some liaison or
ganlzation to bring them together when world
problems are to be discussed. Americans will
quickly agree to any plan which has for its pur.
pose the limiting of the league to purely European
and Asiatic problems, and the most of them be
heve that the Pan-American association is a gooC
thing, but the average American will be slow {,
see the advantage of any binding link" which
would bring the latter into the league for the dis
cussion Of world problems. He will continue t,
think that he can handle them better in his owl
way.
Of course, this plan for two leagues is as We
purely speculative. It's principal significance lie
IN the fact that discussion Of it shows a genera
realization that the League of Nations took il
too much territory at the start, and win do bette
IN the future if it confines itself to EurOpeal
problems.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16

1t was not so many years ago that the work
ingman's day was from sunrise to sunset, and
sometimes longer. Later IL hours of labor was
made the standard, and still later the working
day was reduced to 10 hours. It was only after
a long and bitter struggle that the eight-hOur day
was given recognition as a matter of justice to
employees, especially those who toll in city and
town establishments and whose opportunities for
enjoying much-needed outdoor recreation are so
limited.
With the general acceptance of the eight-hour
day, merchants, manufacturers and business men
came to realize that the physically healthy and
mentally fresh worker can accomplish more and
perform his or her duties more satisfactorily.
This led to the abandonment Of the Saturday
evening shift and, in many instances, to the grant
ing of a half holiday Saturday afternoons.
We regret to note that in Bozeman at the pre-
sent time there seems to be a growing tendency
on the part of certain business establishments to
keep open Saturday evenings. The owners and
operators of these institutions may believe this
is necessary, but the general public is not so i'm
pressed. When 6 o'clock Saturday closing pre-
vailed, both business men and consumers got along
just as well, and the scores of employees, who had
worked hard and faithfully during the week, were
given an opportunity TO caCcn Cnelf DfeaCn ana
prepare to enjoy the day of rest that followed.
But no person can work until 9 or 10 o'clock Sat
urday evening and get up Sunday morning feeling
in fit mood to get much kick" out of the holiday.
The return to Saturday night opening is drift
ing backwards towards times and undesirable
working conditions which belong to the past. One
of BOzeman's most prominent business and finan-
cial men, in commenting the other day upon this
tendency, remarked that probably no person and
no interest would suffer were every bank, store,
and office in the city to close promptly at noon
every Saturday. The greater replenishment of
physical and mental power made possible by the
extra half-hOliday, he believes, would enable both
employers and employees to accomplish much
more in the ensuing five and a half days than in
the six or six and a quarter working days as at
present.
We agree with him. Six o'clock closing on Sat-
urdays is a modern business policy that does not
discOmmOde the public to any appreciable extent
and that does make life a little more worth living
for the Woodworking man or woman employee
Why go back to the old, OutwOrn system of late
Saturday night shifts?
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
A GOOD RECORD.

WASHINGTON, D. C.-Raymond
Carroll, chief of the Washington bu-
Of the Philadelphia Public
Ledger" feels that the 69th congress
has a good record Of achievements
and presents striking cases in sup
port Of the same in his newspaper.
The outstanding accomplishments CT
the session, as Mr.. Carroll writes, are
in the order Of their Importance:
Enactment Of the 1926 Revenue
bill, reducing the federal tax burden
more than $350,O0O.
Ratification Of the protocol OF
American adhesion to the Court Of
international Justice with safeguard
ing reservations.
Approval Of settlements funding
virtually all Of the $4,000, 00O,O 0
debt owed to the United States by
allied nations.
Passage Of the sO-called Railroad
"LOcarno Peace" bill, establishing
new machinery for settling labor dis
putes in transportation.
Enactment of a legislative pro
gram, authorizing expenditure Of
more than $15O.OOO,0OO over a five
year period, to place American avia.
ton in the front rank among nations
Of the world.
After these five legislative mile
stones, he says:
"The record would deserve to b.
stamped as extraordinary when ccm
pared with the performances O.
peacetime congresses of bygOne days
but there are a score Of other meas
ures not so much in the limelight
but all important in their way, whici
have been put through the house an
senate"
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-16
DELAY NOT VITAL

WASHINGTON, D. C.-The post
pOnement of the rivers and harbors
bill Of the December session will
work some hardships on certain prof
ects, but cannot be regarded as a ca
~tastrOphe, inasmuch as the admins
tratiOn is committed absolutely to a
program for the curbing Of floods in
the great rivers of the country and
also for the general development and
conservation Of their waters, projects
which Of themselves require vast
sums Of money. Thus no special
harm will be done by the few months
delay. In fact, it will allow an op-
portunity tc figure up and set down
and compare costs and benefits and
the net result will be a better bill
even than the one now before con-
gress.