davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Bureau of Standards Expert Explains
Illusions of Shadows Cast on Snow

color of the shadows The Creates
effect is not obtained while the OBJ
server is fully conscious of the SNOW.
however, and if the consciousness
that it is snow be reduced or elm
mated. as by looking at the view
on a camera ground glass. the e.
feet is more marked. DISTANT Sh"'
banks" said Mr.. Priest, may assun
the illusory character of 'equivocal
hgures.' being perceived in alternat'
moments now as white snow bank
in shadow and now as blue lake..
without any change in objective CON
ditions.'
Mr.. Priest is unable to explain the
illusion on physical grounds, or bI
the conditions of the retina, the sensl-
tive lining of the eye. He suggests.
however. that they are in accord with
the ideas of perception suggested by
HelmhOltZ.
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Fined for Not Voting.

At the last revision of the Dutch
constitution a special article adopted
made it obligatory for citizens to vote
at parliamentary elections. Last July
many thousands of voters failed to
vote. In Amsterdam about $4,000 re-
Trained from voting.
After having been summoned before
the Amsterdam burgomaster those who
are unable to produce satisfactory eX-
cuses for staying away from the polls
are to be tried apd each may have to
pay penalty of Suilders lse).
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Volea Site Inhabited in Old Stone Age,
100000 Years Ago, Found by ExcaVators

of fellow students deserve the greatest
credit for what they have been able
TO accomplish during the last few
Summers in the field said DIR. Mac
Curdy. Last Summer they covered
more than 500 miles in the north
western part of the Samara district OH
foot"
Evening star., 1926-03-07

In London there is full symphony
orchestra recruited from members of
the Labor party. 1t was organized by
Herbert Morrison, secretary of the
party, and it is the first orchestra
with a personnel Of that character
ever or.a anized in London.
Evening star., 1926-03-07

A course in marriage relations has
been started by the Y. NJ. c. A. at
Jersey City, y. j. The aim of the
course is to give constructive training
to bridegrooms and prospective bride
grooms The hope is to avoid mis-
takes in marriage relations rather
than to seek tn remed. them later.
Evening star., 1926-03-07
Greatest Financial Power.
149.00O,OOO.OOO

THE change of the United States
FROM a debtor to a creditor nation oc-
Cured about January !, 1916. It must
be said that this change was not
caused entirely by the great war,
though hastened by it no doubt
I'm view of the rapid accumula.
ton of wealth from about the year
1897, the attainment of a creditor posi-
tion would have been only a question
of comparatively few years after
1916. The war was a decided factor in
creating a difference in wealth and in
cur position as creditor nation as
compared with the nations of Europe.
If the war had not occurred, there
would have been an increase in wealth
both in Europe and in the United
States. but the increase in the United
States would have been much greater
and more rapid. 1t is a mistake to
think that our present commanding
position is due to the war. When we
count the cost to us of between 80
and 40 billiOnS-an estimate in the re-
port of the Secretary of the Treasury
for 1920 gives the cost of the war in
Guiding foreign loans, as $33, ASS, ,000,-
00O-We must look elsewhere for the
causes. Improved methods, the de-
velopment of new fields. the awakened
spirit of the people, all the progressive
features which characterize American
industrial life, must be taken into ac-
count as the main cause Of our in
creased wealth. What has happened
since 1914 is but Il continuation, on a
arger scale, of that which was mani
festly in evidence before that time"
Evening star., 1926-03-07
TEN BILLIONS INVESTED
ABROAD BY AMERICANS
Representative Burton Sees Growth of
Financial Interest Due to Natural
Causes and Not to War.

| trio Co. The first two had large
volume of sales contracts Outstand-
ing. Mention should also be made OF
the funds of the National City Bank
of New York and American insurance
companies which were confiscated.
aside from property interests in
Russia. American citizens purchased
rs 900 900 of dollar bonds of the i'm
perial government sold here in 1916,
which are, of course, in default.
Within the past year or so American
capital has been invested in Soviet
Russia. A concession has been taken
covering the immense manganese de-
posits in the Ural Mountains. An
annual royalty of several millions of
dollars is fixed, and a large invest
ment will be required to place the
properties in good working condition.
II is currently reported that SO per
cent interest has been taken in the
revived British Lena Gold Fields
Consolidated in Siberia by an Ameri-
can financial group.
Numerous other concessions have
been granted or proposed which do
not seem to have resulted in the in
vestment of any large amount of
American capital"
500, 100000 More Year.
How much has been the rate of our
annual foreign investment for the
last II years?
over the 12-year period, 1914 to
1925, inclusive, our foreign invest
ments have increased about $S,500,-
900 900, or at the rate of nearly $780,
000, 900 per annum. During the last
few years the net amount of new in
VeStment has averaged well over
81 900 100000 yearly this. of course,
! includes foreign government and for
eign corporate securities issued here).
THE increase in our Canadian and
Cuban investments was especially
marked in the years 1914 to 1920-in
the flotation of government loans and
the establishment of branch factories
in Canada and in the acquisition of
sugar properties in Cuba. Our in
vestments in Europe, which consist
| largely of government and corporate
securities and to a relatively small de-
gree of direct investments, have in
creased very greatly in the last few
years"
What is the nature of our property
investments abroad? Has most of
this ownership been acquired since
the war?
, featuring plants for various articles,
including packing plants-then, per-
haps in order, oil properties. mines;
telegraph, telephone and cable con
struction; plantations for the raising
of sugar, fruit and rubber; railways,
electric power companies. While in
VeStments commenced before the war
most of the properties have been ac-
quired or greatly increased in value
since the beginning of the war in
1914"
Greatest Financial Power.
Can it be truthfuly said that we
have become the most powerful fnan-
cial nation of the world?
'Unquestionably.
The estimate of Harvey D.
Fisk as to the comparative wealth of
the principal countries is, I think, as
accurate as any. 1t gives aggregate
and per capita wealth in 1913 dollars
n fol
Evening star., 1926-03-07

. HE following is a brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the seven
dayS ended March 6:
Evening star., 1926-03-07

V /OU hear a lot of loose talk
" about union labor and labor
unions. every now and then,
L says Weigs o. Frost. writing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
The Managers Corner
Glass Divisions

There classes among DAILY WORKER readers There
COmrGde h6 The DAILY WORKER because
has been actually crdmed dozen his throat By aggressive
DAILY WORKER booster the kind Of e0U G0bO has to be
kicked into doing anything to reading has oao class paper
Then there COnarGde Fashion Plate hO 0Gts to be O0H
BOherE 0ho knO0n to be nell all the
the revolutionary fed regular feIoW in the radical he
reads The DAILY WORKER to be IN STYLE because eUeyb0ds
doing it, Aong conservative trores he does advertise the
fact Of And then again haze COnGde Sponge He
reads The DAILY WORKER ,oith GUidit He sucks it Dry He
abS0bs its contents Then he drops 1T like hot coal and ogets
all about the paper itself Finally haze COGde GoGet
wh0 not only reads the paper himself but also gUes serious
thought its promotions As has completed his read
ing the paper he pecuates Uays and Of exploiting
the Information 0hch he has found in it, 0hdt he clip ad
anageosy UhO oOud be interested IN the articles IN
the ISSUE and h0 and Chre the issue the clippings be
best distributed.
COnrdde GOGeter does not read The DAILY WORKER,
only ha he of it, because he forced read
He feels part of the paper that is part Of him.
When fine feature is published in The DAILY WORKER he
personally eIated He ngles all When the paper fails to
make Of opportunity for GgtGtion he feels personal
Of disappointment if he himself had failed in his duty
During the long hours Of toll in the factory and during the
ming his felIOu t00kers outside constantly
thinking thinking thinking, "Vhat help aay
paper" GiUe battalion of GOGetts, aIDays the JOB
ecat hare DAILY WORKER, 11Hicb tot be
sharper thorn in the side Of american capitalism and ghtie
poorer for the workers. BERT MILLER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
Rochester Industry
Increases in Value,
But Workers Get Less
BY a Worker Correspondent.


ROCHESTER,, N. Y, Dec. 27.-The
value of the products of industries
here for the year 1925 was greater by
$5,0OO,O00 than for the year 1928, while
the number of wage earners decreased
by 5000 and the wages paid to the
workers by nearly 100000 for the
same years, according to statistics Is
sued by the U. S. department of COM
merce census bureau.
The statistics follow: The value OF
products for 1925, sS42.4O4.54S; for
1923, 1897, 1862 ,162. The number of
industrial establishments for 1925 was
SIS as compared with 964 in 1923.
The number of wage workers in 1925
was 52,S52 as compared with $3.50 in
1923, while the wages decreased from
s77,645,SO0 in 1928 to $73,971,375 in
1925.
simultaneously with this report
comes the report that the common
stock of the Eastman Kodak Co.,
which is notorious for the intensive
exploitation of Its workers, has estab-
lished new high mark for all time.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
Small and Barbour
Feel "Christmasy"
And Drop Libel Suit

Just when the hearing in the $4,000
libel suit instituted by State Senator
James ]. Barbour against Governor
Len Small was becoming hottest"
the suit was suddenly dismissed at
the request of both parties. The
Christmas spirit" was given as the
reason for the cessation of hostilities
between SmaH and Barbour.
The suit was originated when Sena-
tor Barbour resented statements made
by Small in public address that he
had been acting illegally in accepting
pay as assistant attorney general OF
the state while he was a member of
the. state legislature.
Both partiesaadmitted in court that
each were "acting in good faith" that
they misunderstood each other, and
agreed to dropithe suit.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
MOUemgnt for Imposing Espionage Upon
Alien Has Been on Since 1922; Series
of Persecution Bills Have Been Drawn

NEW YORK, Dec. 27-The idea that
the alien in America ought to be penal
lied seems to be behind the series of
bills that have been introduced at each
session Of congress since 1922.
Beginning at that time, the secre-
tary of labor has steadily maintained
that in order to keep watch on the for
eigner so that We may know he Is
surely a desirable citizen, and in or
der to prevent crime, 1t Is absolutely
necessary to inaugurate system of
registration of all aliens. This propo-
sition has been outlined in various
bills, most OF which have been so OBJ.
noxious thattthey have reused wide
opposition and therefore been dropped
or modified.,..
But Secretary Davis seems deter
mined that Registration of aliens and,
according to the terms Of certain pro-
posed measures of naturalized foreign
born citizens, Shall be put into effect
even in spite Of the protests from all
OFSl tuS COutNiy.
AsweI's Bill.
Last spring Representative Aswell,
Louisiana, introduced a bill requiring
that all aliens must be fnger-printed
and photographed, must register every
year, paying $40 the first time and IS
each succeeding year; must report to
the officials any change in his personal
appearance (such as the raising of a
beard, or shaving it off: must report
any change of residence, or any in
tention to travel; must be ready at
any time to show his Identification
card upon the demand of federal,
state, county or city officer; and at
any time he must respond Immediately
to the order of the president that he
report wherever he is required, or
else he will be deported.
Deportation Bills In.
At the same time that Aswell intro
duced this bill two other representa-
tives brought in bills proposing to de-
port anyone who did not become a cit
izen within a specified time. These
bills are still in committee waiting to
be brought UP at this session of con-
gress.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
WHOLE FAMILIES ARE EXPLOITED
In THE CALIFORNIA COTTON FIELDS

number OF dollar marks stamped on
break agreements with Mexican con-
tract laborers right and left. Free
transportation back to the home land
was provided for in the contracts, but
nothing of that sort took place. When
the price Of cotton dropped from 81
pound to nothing at all in the winter
Of 1920-21, the suffering amongst the
cotton pickers in Arizona was great.
Renters of land went bankrupt by
wholesale and left the country, leaving
nothing behind but bad checks, If
anything at all. Yards, vacant lots
and streets were the dog-like camping
grounds available for hundreds of
ragged, homeless, penniless and food
less families. At last, thousands of
workers were sent back to their native
land at the expense of the Mexican
government.
Porto Rieans Hit Hardest.
According to reports from the sage
brush state, the cotton pickers i'm
ported from Porto Rico are the victims
hardest hit this season by the said
association. Although the rank and
file in Arizona is fairly progressive,
these Uncle Sans stepchildren can't
expect to get any help from the cop
per-colored labor takers of the Arizona
State Federation Of Labor. A few
years ago, Thomas Croaff, Liberal
Democrat, and George D. Smith, Com
munist, lost their jobs in said fedora.
ton as president and secretary-treas-
urer, respectively, because the kings
and queens OF the mining industry
succeeded in packing the convention
with red-baiters.
In bloody Roumania the royal lead
ership is in the hands of Queen Marie,
but in Arizona the leading forces of
royalty" are such infamous corpora
tons as the Copper Queen"
Spying System.
Outside of mining, cotton, stool
pigeons and Huntized democracy, it
isn't much of anything in Arizona.
Mining being the leading industry, the
spy system derives its support chiefly
from that source During the Walsh
Wheeler investigations of Harry M.
Daugherty and William Burns, of the
Burns detective agency, it was brot
out that spying in Arizona was out
of all proportion to the number Of
industrial slaves in that state of long
cared democrats, kluxerdom and illit-
eracy. Sixteen per cent of the popu-
lation can neither read nor write any
language. The greater part of these
people are cotton pickers who are too
poor to educate their children for any
thing but slavery in the fields of King
Cotton.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
BANK CLEARINGS AND
BUSINESS. IN DECLINE
IN MONTHS FIRST WEEK

WASHINGTON, Dec. 27. - The
gradual decline in business, which
liberal economists have been pre-
dieting and the conservative ones
frequently limiting at, is proved by
statements Of the department OF
commerce onoconditions for the first
week in December. Carload ship
ments are less than a year ago,
decline in production of beehive
coke and lumber is shown, and re-
ceipts of wheat and hogs have fallen
off as compared with the correspond
ing week of last year.
In confederation, bank clearings
are reported to be less than for the
corresponding week in 1925. A
check of % leading cities shows a
falling off in clearances of about a
billion dollars. The figure of 81
represents the decline in cities out
side of New York, which city shows
falling off of 11.e per cent.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
New York Central
Distributes Assets
and Conceals More

NEW YORK.-Another melon will
be cut in the financial district. The
New York Central has announced a
stock dividend that will distribute
more than fifty millions to stock
holders. On top of its large earnings
as admitted by its financial state
ments, there is talk that more is con-
cealed in hidden assets" chiefly in
valuable real estate holdings in the
Grand Central zone which are carried
on the books at nominal values.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
zAUSNER Gets
union VERDICT
IN LOSING HIS
Painter, Charged With
Graft, Is Defeated
BY a Worker Correspondent.

NEW YORK, Dec. 27.-The men,
bership of the Brotherhood of Paint
ers of the New York district have
shown definitely how much they be-
lieved Zausner's plea of innocence In
the charge of graft against him by
defeating him at the ballot box.
zausner, with the audacity OF true
American labor faker, in the face of
the chargesby the membership that he
is held responsible for q shortage of
$4,000 in the union treasury, yet tried
to be reelected to the Office of secre-
tary Of the district council. Every
trick employed by professional poll
ticians was good enough for him. He
spent $4,000 to be elected to a job
which pays only $4,000 a year, 1t is
reported. But he might have saved
himself that sum, for his defeat was
inevitable.
The total votes that were cast was
1854. BY great effort zausner man.
aged to get 3,S17 votes, but his mill.
tant opposition won out by majority
of 800 votes. The rest of the ticket
which was elected is reactionary
enough to keep on fighting, but the
main culprit is out, which will enable
the opposition to closely investigate
the record of the past regime. After
that the union painters Of New York
will know exactly how much corrup.
ton was actually carried on at the
office of the district council.
The elected secretary, Thomas
Wright, is left winger, tho not
Communist. He deserves consider.
able credit for having unearthed the
criminal activity OF zausner.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
Military Preference
Goes to Junk When
You Become Surplus

WASHINGTON.-Mrs. Annette F.
Gudget of Richmond, Virginia, a stem
ographer in the Richmond regional
offices of the Veterans Bureau, loses
her position by a decision of the Dis
trict Court of Appeals here, reversing
a decision of the district supreme
court.
Mrs. Gudget, as yeoman, first
class, in the naval reserve, claimed
preferential status under the law and
contested her removal from the SER
vice. The court held that the military
preference status governs only so long
"as there is work for her to do"
Her chief had contended that she was
let out because she was Surplus" and
there was need of a reduction in force.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29

Deportation on wide scale is also
permitted by the terms Of the Holiday
bill, which passed the house of repre-
sentatives last spring and is now to be
considered by the senate. 1t would
allow deportation Of an alien who had
served year in prison for any cause
whatsoever. 1t would also deport not
only those who are in this country
illegally (Which would include politi-
cal refugees), but it would also de-
port any alien who gave refuge to
such an exile or knew of his presence
here.
Forget Debt to Foreigner.
Back of all these proposed bills
seems to be the idea that any alien
who comes to America is suspicious
character. Our Legislators seem to
forget that 1t is the foreign-born who
have built this country, that it is the
alien of generation after generation
who is responsible for our greatness
and prosperity. To introduce any
such espionage system as the pro-
posed registration measures would be
to make the aliens a segregated, de.
spised class from the moment they
reach our shores.
Council combats Idea.
1t is this idea which has prompted
the formation of the National Council
for the Protection of Foreign-Born
Workers, with branches already at
work in Chicago, Pittsburgh, West
Brownsville, Pa, New Haven, Phila-
delphia, Buffalo, Cleveland, Denver and
Boston.
The work Of the National Council
for Protection of Foreign-Born Work
ers is being endorsed by city and
state labor declarations thruout the
country.
Need Cooperation.
The cooperation Of everyone inter
ested in this campaign for the foreign
born is needed in order to fulfill all
its possibilities. You can help by
sending contribution to the National
Council for Protection of Foreign
Born Workers room ST. Al Union
Square, New York, N. Y.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-12-29
HINTS WAR ON
MILITANTS IN
BOSTON C. |. u.
Movement for Expulsion
Believed Started
BY PHYLLIS FENiGsToN.
(Worker Corresponding

BOSTON, Dec. 27.-The plot against
progressive workers in the trade
union movement is maturing and rum
bles Of the expulsion policy again to
be pursued were clearly heard at the
meeting of the Boston Central Labor
Union Sunday, Dec. 10.
Would Expel Communists.
In discussing plans for the proposed
convention of the Workers Education
Bureau in Boston next April, EXPIRES
ident Kearney took occasion to warn
the delegates of the necessity for hold
ing such a conference of the correct
brand" OF A. r. OF L. education in
Boston ito counterfeit the growing in
huence of the T. U. e. L. brand. From
week to week." he said, there are
delegates sitting in our midst carry
ing on their poisonous Communistic
propaganda and agitating to tear away
from the labor movement" He served
notice that he was investigating these
members of affiliated unions and will
move to have them expelled from the
c. L. U.
To Start AntI-Red Paper.
In accepting a gold charm, usually
given by the c. L. U. to its retiring
presidents, Kearney made another In
teresting announcement. In January
he intends to begin the publication Of
a labor newspaper, The Boston Labor
Herald, which is to be run, he says,
entirely. by himself. This announce
ment caused much comment among
the delegates, who are wondering
what forces are financing Kearney in
his anti-red activities.