davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

with the problems Of reduction, until
finally, in 1916, an e~lectrOlyt1c pro-
cess was devised whereby the ores
could not only be reduced on a salts
factory commercial basis but the re-
sultant grade zinc is today the pur-
est known to commerce-99.9 per
cent pure.
MOntana's present production of
electrOlytic zinc is 100, 100000
pounds a year, Of which three-fOurths
is from Montana ores.
During these successive periods
since it's first mineral discovery in
1862, Montana has led all the states
in gold, silver, copper and zinc pro-
ductiOn.
Today she is first in the annual
production of manganese, arsenic
and precious stones; is second in the
production of copper and silver
fourth in the output of zinc, sixth in
lead and seventh in gold.
In gross production her record is
even better. The mines of Butte
alone have given to the world more
copper and more silver than any
othr district on earth; One-third o.
all the copper mined in the United
States and one-sixth of the worlds
production of copper to date.
Butte has produced in SO years
100000 900 tons of copper ore. 1
loaded upon a single train it would
stretch half way around the globe
And if the 5000, 100000 pounds o
copper content were drawn into tel
egraph wire it would girdle MOthe
] T--LL --s-.TT l. -l- - l. III
copper corset lacing 5O,OOO,O 90
miles long.
The Cattle Era
i Mining was the states first indus
try; the miners blazed the piOnee
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

rate of 500, 100000 feet a year, or
about 35 board feet per acre per
year.
Manufacturing i'm Montana
Fifty years ago manufacturing in
the state was not unknown. There
was, for example, a small iron fOup-
dry located up Last Chance gulch
about a quarter of a mile from the
cred and died.
About 20 years ago manufacturing
in Montana took on new life. By
1909 we had 677 factories; goods
valued at more than 100000 dol
lars were produced. Ten years later
in 1919, the plants numbered 1900,
and made goods worth $166,0O0,0O0-
In 1925 the value Of products has
been estimated at more than $780,
600, 900, and the number Of estab-
lishments at 1850. OF this $500, 0OO,-
600, a total of 51,5OO,OOO dollars is
estimated to be the amount added in
the process of manufacturing to raw
materials.
Montana owes much to the old
timers, to the pioneers. They came
here, perchance, as outlaws from the
home Of their childhood, but in the
wilderness against hunger and saw
mand a passport. They came here,
fleeing the shams and CONVENTIONAL
ties of the older communities to read
no more, cit is forbidden" Keep off
the grass" This is private prop
erty."
From the Southland, from bleak
New England, from the low lands Of
the Great Father of Waters, from
Canada, from all lands, they came,
bringing with them strange customs,
and new ideas and peculiar creeds;
but no matter whence they came, al
ways were they forced to face stern
facts, to fight with an uncOnQuered
wilderness against hungr and saw
ages. Out of the conflict they be-
came men, citizens, Montanans.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

lier maturing types. Montana can
easily maintain a much larger cattle
population and with the gradual
stocking of the smaller farms will
further expand her beef cattle in
dustry as prices and production
costs become more favorable.
AgricuItuFe's Dawn I'm State
Fifty years ago there were only
80 farms in Montana. Eighty-fOur
thousand acres were under cultiVa-
ton. But one-tenth Of one per cent
Of the states total Urea was under
s%ultiYatiOn. There was only a little
group Of farmers in the Bitter Root
with another near MissOula, and a
third on the Madison river. There
were four farms in ChOuteau county.
Farming had just started ia the
Prickly Pear valley. There were on
Ily 400 head of sheep, and only ESQ
head Of swine according TO the Fed
eral census. There we're 1890 head
OF oxen and only 1890 horses. There
were 1900 COWS.
A~grlcUlture's HaDid Growth
The period from 1890 90 1900 cav
g large expansion 81 farm lands and
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09
IN w. e D.oo.ooo Enormous Industrial and Agricultural Development
OU lC0IS Ul [IUSICOO Has Followed in Wake of the Indian Campaigns

period, its record as a matter Of fact,
beginning in 1882 almost as early as
wheat acreage records.
Farms Valued at SASS, 845,6 4S
Montana today has approximately
$4,000 farms which are valued at
sass, 345,643, including $66,255,825
worth of buildings and improve
ments. The average total value of
each farm is $9,686. Compared with
1900, the data shows that at that
time the number Of farms was 49,
$40, valued at $117,859,823.
The Coal Mining Industry
It has been just 46 years since
Marcus DAILY found copper at Butte;
the same year, in 1880, John Cast
ner drove his pick into a murky out
cropping at Belt in Cascade county.
That year Cashier mined a total of
224 tons Of coal, which he %labOriOus-
lly transported over a rough trail by
mule team to Fort Benton, where the
Missouri river steamboats, took il
as a dubious successor to cotton.
wood and jackpine for fuel.
Today, fifty out of MOntana's fifty
six counties yield coal in commercial
quantities. The varieties includ,
semi-anthracite, bituminOus, semi
bituminOus and Ignite. OF all tn
Ignite coal in the country, the Unit
ed States Geological Survey report
that Montana contains 1000, 600,
600 tons, or than One-third o
the nations total.
It took John Cashier, Montana
first coal miner, a year to mine p
tons of coal. Today an electric shOV
ell operating at COalstrip, the NORTH
ern Pacific property at Forsyth
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

On August 10, 1865, a United
States army wagon numbered along
the "BOzeman Cutoff. The wagon
hit a large boulder; a wheel was out
of repair. In searching for water
the skinner found a pool covered
with oil. He recorded his discovery
and this is said to be the first writ
ten record of petroleum in Montana.
1t was 55 years before development
assumed commercial proportions.
On November 6, 1919, oil in CONNER
cial quantities was discovered in the
Devils Basin, e Roundup.
Today there r seven distinct
fields producing petroleum in the
state. Montana now stands twelfth
in the list of oil producing states. At
the end of this year Montana will
probably stand seventh. Our oil wells
last year produced IN average Of 20
barrels per we'll per day. In the six
years our wells have produced near-
ly $2O,O0O,0 600, and it is probable
that this year production will easily
exceed SIC, 100000 in value.
Lumber Production
Fifty years ago numbering in the
state was practically unknown. There
were a few primitive mills supplying
local needs. Today our annual cut
is about 35O,OOO,OOO board feet. It
is of interest to note that Montana
can continue to cut her timber at this
rate forever. While there are no
accurate figures as to the amount OF
timber the forests can produce an
nually on a sustained yield basis, il
seems safe to state that they should
be able to continue to produce at the
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

some development Of grain farming
although still mostly confined to ir-
rigated lands. It was during the
next 20 years that the great expan-
sion on n~On-irrigated lands took
plane and farming from a place sub
sidiary to the industry Of stock rails
ing became a competitor Of increas-
ing Importance. During this period,
wheat acreage increased from 49,
896 acres in 1900 with a production
of 1,488,OO0 bushels, to 2,787,O0O
acres with a production OF 28,69O,-
600 bushels fn 1920. A few years
later 1922 the wheat crop had
passed the production mark of 50,-
600, 900 bushels. Similarly other
grain and forage crops made marked
development during this period, the
latter years Of which saw the intro
ducti0n Of such crops as seed and
canning peas, edible beans, special
seed crops and small fruit crops.
Sugar beets came q little earlier and
corn acreage although assuming im-
portance only during the past five
years had been laEFie1 along with
some development aIi through 1n-
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

TIME history of Montana for the
last fifty years is largely the
\ story of the development Of the
agricultural and industrial interests.
1t is the story of Montana's emerg-
ence from an uncharted wilderness
to a modern commonwealth, for it
is only half a century since the age
of savagery in this state, when wild
beasts roamed the plains and the In
dian, in unfettered freedom, dOnned
his warpaint. 1t has been only fifty
years since the Battle of the Little
Big Horn and it was this Custer
fight that marked the beginning of
the new era. 1t was the Custer
fight that aroused the nation to &C
ton and cleared this section once
and for all of hostile savages. Fifteen
warriors had been herded back to
the reservations, and except for min
or unimpOrtant outbreaks, the sound
of a gun in organized conflict fired
has not since been heard.
Mining the First Industry
Mining was the states first in.
dustry. Three years after the discOv'
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

cry of gold in 1851, Montana was a
territory, and in % years a state.
But by 1876 the placer mines were
beginning to play out. Silver was
the sought for metal. Successful sill
yer treatment dates back just fifty
years when William A. Clark built
the Detxer 1O-stamp mill at Butte.
Silver smelters were also built and
operated at Wickes and Gregory in
Jefferson county. The Wickes plant
was succeeded by the present plant
of the American Smelling and Rein
ing company at East Helena.
The third, or copper, period in
MOntana's mineral history began in
1880, when Marcus Daily, backed by
Haggin, Hearst and Tevis, deepened
the Anaconda mine at Butte from the
6O-fOOt level to a little more than
100 feet and found, to the conster-
nation of everybody but himself, that
instead Of silver he had struck cop
per.
In sharp contrast to the gloom of
the Old-timers and the pessimism of
his partners, DAILY was cheerful and
optimistic. He insisted that he was
going to mine and ship enough high
grade ore to seucr the money neces-
sary to build a huge smelter, capable
of treating the enormous deposit of
copper ore which he claimed was
hidden beneath the rugged contour
of Butte Hill.
Every mining engineer west Of the
Mississippi was skeptical. Half Of the
people of Butte called him visionary
Some thought he was crazy. DAILY per.
sisted.
Today three monuments vindicate
Days vision and faith. One stands
opposite the Federal building il
Butte. It is a bronze replica of hi:
face and figure, and one of the las
masterpieces of August St. Gaudens
Another is the huge Anaconda Re
duction Works, the largest nOn-fer
rOus smelter in the world, which, in
cidentally, boasts the worlds larg
est smoke stack, nearly 900 fee
high. The third is the Anacond;
Copper Mining company, the larges
copper mining, smelling, refining
and fabricating organization in tn.
world, with 10000 stockholders ant
properties in a dozen states and sew
eral foreign countries.
Zinc and Other Minerals
Within the last 10 years MOntan
initiated and brought to rapid dc
velOpment the fourth stage in he
mineral histOTy-that of zinc. Brit
Hill was long known to contain i'm
pOrtant deposits of zinc ores. Blu
these were so refractory as to be II
garded more of a liability than an as
set. For years the metallurgists {
the Anaconda company Wrestle
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

Montana Needs Settlers, Says Governor Erickson
Montana is today calling for men; high-hearted men Of intelligence and
industry in search Of opportunity. We have no place for the neer do WELL
the and hog II the Spectator.
Montana needs the settler and the hOmebulder. We have kassed through
the pioneer period Of exploration. The past few years have been years of ex-
Fermentation. We know what we al do. The history Of the older states
is here being repeated. Montana's crop in 1928 was harvested from 100000
acres. Failures were reported from less than five per cent Of the acreage. We
have 100000 acres Of land in this state that can, with reasonable expendi-
turesb be irrigated.
We have five times 100000 acres Of farming lands. Last year each acre
under cultivation at the san ratio If production, Or crops alone would
bring tiss state moi less than $0OQO0QOG0 But we are learning how to farm.
We are learning to make farming mOre profitable and whit the increase OF
Our acreage will come increase Of production and increase Of proceeds.
The development of the vast agricultural resources will mean great COM
mercal and industrial centers IN Montana. It will mean increased payrOIs,
home markets and diversified industries In short it will mean a great,
wealthy and prosperous state.
To the industrious citizen, Montana offers a share Of the rewards Of f-
ture development. JOHN E. ERICKSON.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

mines the same amount in less than
Is minutes. Every time the huge
shovel digs in it lifts enough coal
to supply the seasons needs for an
entire family-seven to eight tons
directly from coal vein to coal a +
All this it does in three-QuarteTs Of
a minute.
Half a century ago there were on
ly a few OvershOt water wheels in
Montana driving primitive flour
mills.
INTERCOLLEGIATE Power
The first water power plant Of i'm
pOrtance in the state was built on
the Black Eagle falls on the Missouri
river, near the city of Gerat Falls,
in 1891. 1t had a capacity Of 5000
horsepower and supplied power to
the Boston and Montana smelter,
which was located on n side of the
river near the falls, and to the city
of Great Falls, located on the other
} side of the river. To replace this
pioneer plant, a milliOn-dOllar pro-
ject, generating $4,000 horsepower,
is now under construction.
In 1908, plants were built at Can
yOn Ferry on the Missouri river, II
miles from Helena, and on the Big
Hole river, 21 miles from Butte.
In the following years, additional
plants were built on the Missouri al
Hauser Lake, Hotter, and at Gerat
Falls, on the Madison river near Nor
ris, on the Columbia at Thompson
Falls, and on the Yellowstone river
at Livingston and Billings, and last
of all, on the West Rosebud creek
at Mystic lake. The combined ca
pacity Of all these plants now am
cunts to more than 100000 horse
lpOWer. These plants are all inter
connected by a network Of high vol
tage transmission lines, tOtaling Ov'
er 1900 miles in length.
At the present time the Montana
Power company takes a drop Of wat
er away up On the Madison river
transforms it into power, passes it OF
to the other plants down the Missouri
which in turn repeat the perform
lance, until by the time it escapes
from the tail race below the Grea-
Fails Of the Missouri, it has, no lesi
than eight times, been changed int
commercial power at as many dlIIer
ent plants, and is still ready to do 1T
full share in helping to bear the grea
lflOtillas Of commerce along the Mis-
souri, and Mississippi, from st. Loui
to the Gulf.
MOntana's Railroads
Fifty years ago the railroad mile
. age in Montana was COZ. In 1885,
the Northern Pacific vas completed
: land by 1894 the railroad mileage ha'
: grown to 2,7S5.. In 1907 it was 8,
3O7; in 1909, 4,3O7, and today ZOO
miles Of steel rails span the common
: mnnLEh
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

The Anaconda Cop
per Mining COM
pany's smelter at
Great FaIls.-- Here
Is located the larg
est e~leCtrOlytlC zinc
plant in the world,
and the c~Ompany'g
mammoth wire min.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09

farm cattle. There is also a grow
ing tendency to market younger stuff
than IN the old days and much pro-
gress has been made along the line of
improving quality and adopting ear
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1926-07-09
What that Name,
Montana NOW Means
in Terms of Enterprise,
Resources and
Opportunities

CBy BARCLAY CRAIGHEAD, Of
the State Department of Labor and
Publicity, Helena, Montana. Being a
resume of the contents Of the new
booklet, Montana.
Evening star., 1926-02-10
MYSTERIES of SIardi Gras
Ball Solved Tuesday Night

Aoaltlonal box holders for the
Mardi Gras ball to be given Tuesday
evening at the Maytiower Hotel in.
clnde Senator and Mrs. James Con.
Iens, Mrs. George T. Marye. Mrs. !.
Warren Merrill of Boston, Mrs. Paul
fltz Slmons. Mrs. \. A. Houshton,
MIS-. Wilbur 4. Turner, Mrs. Henry
W. Fltch. Mrs. Joseph Washington
MIS-. Charles Woodruff and Mr.. vii.
'!iam Phelps Emo. 9
IlSht fetching maidens will attend
men miJcSt1es- the King and Queen
q Mardi Gras. TUESDAY night. when
HShlnGtpn puts on its splendid
cee3rauon. Or course. their names
AZ" Il profound secret. Just as are
th"sc of the royal pcrsoraSes whom
thsN will attend. lust as arc those OF
Evening star., 1926-02-10

the so knights, called maskers, who
will lead the carnival revels on that
colorful occasion.
Decorations, costumes, music, lights,
all will partake of the atmosphere
OF Latin countries, or possibly Ori-
entail countries. Certainly the gen
cral scheme OF, this fascinating ball
will be far removed from the usual
event in this part of the world
In New Orleans the Mardi Gras is
a whole series of gay events, culmi-
mating in one big riotous day when the
king arrives 10 take possession of
the city. He is supposed to come
from afar. across the wide waters,
and his entrance into New Orleans
is attended with the widest demon
strations of joy and excitement In
Washington, this year 1T least, the
festivities will be confined to this one
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Memphis, Tenn, and Mrs. Anna Kath-
crime Green Rohlfs of Buffalo. N Y.
are at the Shoreham Hotel for few
days. This afternoon from 4:30 to
f:30 O'Clock Mrs. Harry Atwood Col
nan, national president of the League
of American Pen Women, is Civinc
a tea in honor of Mrs. Geldert. former
Continued on Page Twenty-eig
Evening star., 1926-02-10

evening. Tuesday, February 16, and
the thrills and surprises will all oc-
cur before midnight that evening.
Washington. happily, has the king
of carnival makers as its chairman.
for Walter Denegre Is leader of
much experience, and himself was
king Of Mardi Gras at New Orleans,
and chosen as his assistants are men
Evening star., 1926-02-10

who are well versed in Mardi Gras
festivities all over the world Rupert
Hughes, celebrated writer, is among
those actively interested in the ap-
preaching event, but Rupert Hughes
~ not a member Of the committee
which is still a secret after all
these weeks of preparation.
Soon the king and queen will have
Evening star., 1926-02-10

been chosen, soon the eight bewitch.
fngly beautiful maidens will have
been chosen. Who will they be?
And the so maskers who SO mys-
teriously summon their partners In
the dance, who are they? These
are the mysteries OF the Mardi Gras.
Mrs. Louis NaDoIeon Geldert of
Evening star., 1926-02-10
Wall.HOgan Wedlin. in
Falls Church This Morning.

The marriage Of Miss Enid Ruth
Hogan. daughter of Mrs. Bertha y.
Hogan of East Falls Church. Va.
and the late DR.. Eoue Leonard HOGAN.
10 Mr.. Daniel Russell Wall. son Of
Mrs. George w. Wall Of this city. took
place this morning. The ceremony
was performed at $50 o'clock in -.
Va. the Rev. \. j. Van In-elgem
ofici'tinG Mrs. William ID. Clark.
1r., the orSanist. played the wedding
music and Miss Virginia McCauley
sang BecauSe' and Ave Maria.
\arcissus ferns and palms were used
IN the church and 4 wedding break
tast followed in the home OF the
bride : mother.
The bride wore a gown of white
chiffon velvet. made bouffant 2 tJlle
veil held with orange blossoms. ;n&
carried shower bouquet of rose:
ma lilies. Her sister. NiSS Nir-i:;il
Agnes Hogan, WAS maid of honor ar
was in yellow crepe. made buuffstnf
and she wore plctur" hat 10 match
and carried an old-fashioued rose-ay.
Miss Eleanor Mary Jones was brides
maid and wore orchid crepe. made
houffant, d picture hat to match and
carried an old-fashioned nosecay
Little Kathleen McGinnis and Peggy
tfo%an were flower girls. wearing
DAINTY froCks in pc&ch color tur-
nuoise shades.
Mr.. Thomas lIurney was best man
"nd the ushers were Mr.. .Icnn O'Con.
n"l and Mr.. Eugene Shrevc.
After the breakfast. Mr.. and Mrs
wan left for 4 short wedding trip.
and after March 10 will be at homo
1T Kew Gardens. Among the out.of
town guests was Mrs. Edwin NJ. Tn
derWood of New Castle. PA.
Lady Henry of London. who made q
visit il Washington last month. was
inc guest Of honor at dinner last eve.
ming of Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Seligman.
who entertained at Casa Mia at Palm
Beach.
Sir James and Lady Eide" will ar
rive in Washington today from Aus
fralia. and while in the city will lie at
the Mayhower.
.Tudce and Mrs. Clarence y. Good
win will arrive in Washington Satur-
day from their home in Chicago and
will he at the Mayhower Hotel foi.
ten days.
Mrs. Sands Spencer and her son.
Mr.. Lo"ill2rd Spencer. 4th OF New
port. +. l.. arc spending q few days
In Washington en- route to Southern
pines and are at Wardman Park
Hotel
Mrs. Spencer Tupman is entertain
ing at bridge today III the Floreptine
room At Wardman Park Hotel. Guests
include Miss Elizabeth Sutherland.
Miss Jane Richardson. Miss Ellen
Skinner, Mrs. l.. Arbeit, Miss Kath-
crime Franks. Miss Evelyn Mathews
Miss Marguerite Maury, Mrs. Walter
l.. Cody. Miss Judith shelton Mrs.
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Ihe Society of Sponsors of the
united States Navy held their first
meeting this morning ut TIE Willard
ana at $50 this afternoon the mem.
Ders VIII be guests on board the Nav.
mower, when Capt, Adolphus Andrews
nitVai AIDE to the President, will 60
the honors.
me Secret%r? of the Navy and Mrs
Curtis Dwight Wilbur will be the
ranking guests at the luncheon to he
SlNeh tomorrow at the Willard Hotel
Mhen secretary Wilbur. Capt. George
~. Rock and the Assistant Secretary
~ Labor. Mr.. Robe Carl White. will
nc thc speakers. The guests 1t the
luncheon will include Mrs. Russell &.
,-aansdon' ~ president of Sponsors. At
oo CLOCK tomorrow afternoon the
SPONSORS will be received nv Nrs
libur at her residence on Nineteenth
street
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Chorus. The compositions of Gen.
washing tons friend and fellow sign
er of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence. Francis Hopkinson. will be
rendered. and many forgotten songs
OF the period will b revived.
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Mrs. George Thompson will enter
tain the North Beach Home Club to-
day 1T her residence, II U street
northwest The guest of honor Will
he Mrs. B. $. Matthews, president OF
the Women's College of Law.
Evening star., 1926-02-10
SOCIETY
Continued from Sixteenth Page.l

wore old roses crepe with tan hat
and carried Il cluster of early Spring
flowers. Mr.. George II. Elder was best
man for his brother.
After wedding trip Mr.. and Mrs.
Elder will make their home in Balti-
more. Mrs. Elders travelling costume
is of black. her mother having died
within the year. The bride has made
her home here with her brother-in-
law and sister Maj. and Mrs. j. Z.
,McLane.
Among the out-oftown guests at
the wedding were Mr.. Charles c.
Bailey and Mr.. Wilson :. Bailey.
brothers of the bride; her aunt, Miss
.Nda Bailey. and Miss Margaret Mac
rum. cousin Of the bride. all of Pitts
hurSh. ard Miss Edith NJ. Macrum of
Hartford, Conn. cousin OF the bri,lc.
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Mrs. Samuel SakS entertained a.
luncheon today in the Chinese room
of the Mayl1ower in compliment to
hcl. daughter. Mrs. Leon Meyer Of
Birmingham. Ala. who is hcr house
guest. Covers were laid for Is.
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Mrs. Meyer Davis has left Wash
in-ton for Palm Beach, where she
will spend the remainder OF the Win
ter
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Miss Agnes Miller of Cleveland Park
is visiting Mrs. Charles SeleCman in
Miami Beach Fla, for several weeks.
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Mr.. aud Mrs.. Joseph Mayer, who
are at White sulphur Springs, will
come to Washington tomorrow for 1t
York
Evening star., 1926-02-10

Mrs. Radu Bellian of Washington.
no has been visiting Mr.. and Mrs.
Percy Duv2ll ut their home, Dover
House. in Maryland. for II week. has
left for an extended trip to Boston.