davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-10-24

| man and a publisher as we'll as a stu
| dent of taxes. He has been for years
an important figure in the trade jour-
| nal field, where, in addition to his own
large interests, he has been able to
see the problems of the business COM
| munity. What he says here is there
fore the verdict of a man who has
spent lifetime in the study of taxes
as a practical business problem.
Question One of Methods.
Here are some of Mr.. Roots con-
clusiC MS briefly stated:
This is not a question merely Of
whether taxes are too high or not.
It's a question of the methods of tax
alton"
I'VE have got to get down to the
problem not merely of cutting taxes
but of completely reforming them"
ut makes no difference whether
taxes are too high or not. If they are
improperly and unscientifically levied,
they are too high no matter how low
they are"
Taxes as at present laid are a pen
atty on business success"
What we need is thorough re-
organization of our local taxing sys-
tenn"
When I asked Mr.. Root to go a
little more fully into these criticisms,
he replied:
II am not alone in these views.
Roger Babson is looked upon as an
astute observer of business. He said
recently:
"Our unscientif1c tax systems which
have grown up in our States are, and
I say it with emphasis, the most de-
structive force that is attacking the
purchasing power of the Nation"
Producers IN.Treated.
What is the object Of our organic
ed business life? To produce wealth and
to produce it with profit to all concern
ed. Yet under our tax systems we treat
the producers Of wealth as we do
nuisances. The more they produce the
more we make them pay. The more
taxes we take away from those who
produce the more we reduce the pur
chasing power of the country"
And yet, Mr.. Root" I ventured,
according to many, the people are
constantly demanding more schools,
more roads, more public baths and
libraries and public orchestras and
so on until the cities are compelled
to keep raising taxes. How can you
escape these taXeS?"
Perhaps you cannot" was the re-
Evening star., 1926-10-24
France Blames America for Plight
And Fears Foreign Yoke From Debt

ernment of "all the talents which
came when all party combinations had
been exhausted, is just as helpless as
its predecessors; it is just as divided
as to the remedies; it is, in fact, Just
as much the victim of circumstances.
1t is lndulging in a variety of neces-
sary but minor economies, but they
resemble the process of bailing a
leaky boat with a teaspoon. They
do not know whether the debt settle
ment could be passed through Parlia-
ment if they should try; they do not
know whether they should try. a
ministry of national concentration
and of "all the talents" is just as
helpless as was Herriot or Painleve
or BRAND.
Before this article can be published
in the United States. the franc may
have fallen enormously, it may have
collapsed. although no one expects
any such colossal change. 1t may
have fallen only a little, but the same
situation of uncertainty will almost
inevitably remain, and the belief that
for the still impending ruin of France
the United States is exclusively re
sponsible will have made converts
within and without France.
X X X
l have been in France annually for
all the years since the war. For
the past four years 1 have found the
situation worse each time, it was
worse last Spring than the year be-
fore; it is infinitely worse now than
last Spring. There is not on the sur
face the smallest indication of any
solution. of any man or measure
which would bring relief. 1t is cor
in Of
on the wings of a new panic, Po!n-
care, who is still wavering, may force
the debt settlement through, but 1 do
not see how that can save France
France, Belgium, Italy--all three for
varying reasons-are on the edge of
financial collapse; If one goes all
will certainly go. Politically the Ital-
ian situation is strongest, economical
ly the French is best, but the none
tary situation of all three seems al
most hopeless, and in all three nations
the responsibility is fixed upon us
for our debt pOlicy-as it is in Bri-
tain, suffering terrifically from its
coal strike and still maintaining its
debt payments.
Perhaps l can best express what |
mean as to the French situation by
saying that from the moment / en-
tered France until that in which |
quilted French territory 1 found no
well informed person who had any
real hope. any unmistakable conf.
dence in the future. BY contrast j
an almost fatalistic resig-
nation to ultimate ruin, accompanied
by more or less passionate resent
ment of that American policy, which
was universally regarded as respon.
sible.
Copyright. 1926)
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Continued from First Page.)

CONTINUED from First Page)
duce or entirely eliminate a public
budget for health education in prefer
ence to a reduction in some other
program calling for expenditure OF
public money, according 10 DIR. Rogers.
High Standard Demanded.
Health workers find such ideas OF
economy" incomprehensible, the Gov
ernment's hygiene expert told the
washington Council of Social Agencies
last week. A good standard of public
health is essential to the national
prosperity. in the opinion of recog'
nized hygienists. A nation sick ply
sicallv is a weak sister" in the family
of nations, any way one looks at It.
they point out.
This country has made encourag.
ing progress in establishing school
and municipal Fairgrounds for chill
dren over years of age, but the
health of children of pre-school age has
been sadly neglected, statistics show.
In the National Capital. for example,
il has been found that more than 30
per cent of the youngsters beginning
school each year are afflicted with
nhysical defects-mostly arising from
nalnutrition or dental diseases.
Evening star., 1926-10-24

could be to severe. Let Mr.. Wheeler
look to it.
A Plea.-Seldom has the appear.
ance OF any document in the public
press attracted more attention than
that on October 20, of "A Plea for
the removal of restrictions upon Eu-
ropean trade.
What really attracted so much at
tention was not the character Of the
document (similar pleas have been
published before and some not less
happily worded), but the two. column
array of signatures thereto, including
many OF the greatest names in indus
try and finance Of Is nations Of
Europe and of the United States of
America. The plea is in harmony
with "the spirit of Thoiry," with that
powerful tendency of which the most
striking manifestation to date was
the recent pan-European congress
held at Vienna under the inspiration
and direction of Count Coudenhove-
kalergi, the which congress gave its
blessing to the counts pan-Europe
program, which has for it's goal the
politico-economicf federation of Europe
not merely a European customs
union, but a United States of Europe.
The plea has provoked the asser-
ton of counter-arguments, has
whipped into fame a logomachy al
ready in progress. If that flame is
kept continuously and substantially
fed through the rolling lustrums
ahead, a United States of Europe NAV
emerge. The plea applies to Europe
alone. To see in 1t, as many do. criti-
cism of the United States is to see
what Is not there. Quite the con.
trary is true. The plea contemplates
for Europe elimination of economic
barriers between the States thereof
corresponding precisely to that alb.
sence of such barriers, between the
States Of the United States of Amer.
lea, which Is a main explanation of
the unexampled prosperity of the
latter
AS to whether or no universal free
trade might be desirable further
STEP tnat Is quite another question.
X X X
MiscellaneOus.-The weekly state.
ments of the Bank of France continue
to show steady improvement in the
condition Of the bank and that of the
treasury; modest, but definitely re-
assuring.
A total of 1926, ,ooo, 900 francs was
collected in French taxes during the
first months of 1926, as against 49,.
1894. 100000 for the corresponding ne.
riod Of 1925.
A 5000 200, ,000-franc loan for the
benefit of the French sinking fund has
been oversubscribed.
For the first time since the estab.
llshment Of the Czech Republic the
large German minority of $500, 900
IN that state is now represented in
the Prague cabinet. That remarkable
new state takes up its problems one
by one, coolly considers them and eff.
hciently solves them. She solves them
observe, without thought of a dicta.
torship. Her record is peculiarly reas.
suring to hopes Of democracy.
Mgr. Ignatz Seipel is again chan.
cellor of Austria; a fact upon which
Austria Is to be congratulated.
Still no news of importance from
Poland or Spain; presumably the cen.
sorship lid down hard.
For the present, at least, the strug-
gle within the Communist party of
Russia between the section in power.
headed by Stain, and the section in
opposition. headed by Trotsky, Is over.
Trotsky and the other opposition
ch1efb have formally notified Stain Of
their unconditional aalxxenden
Evening star., 1926-10-24
SENATE SOON TO MEET
TO TRY FEDERAL JUDGE
Will Sit in English Case as Impeach'
ment Court First Time in
Thirteen Years.

the rules provide it shall be reduced
to writing and put by the presiding
officer
The doors of the Senate are kept
open during the progress of an i'm
parchment trial unless the Senate
shall direct that they be closed during
deliberation on decisions.
After all witnesses have been hsar6
and indications are there will he a
long list of them in the forthcoming
case-clOSing arguments are made Is
in any court case. The House Of Rcr
resentatives. as the prosecuting
agency, is entitled. under the rules. TO
open and close the final arguments.
Then comes the final question Ct
whether the Impeachment is 10 be
sustained or the accused person az
quilted, and on this the rules provide
for the yeas and nays, with the stipu
lation that the votes Of two-thirds of
those present is necessary to sustain
a charge.
Previous Trials Cited.
The nine impeachment trials con
Quoted by the Senate in the past in
volved one President, one cabinet
member, one Senator and six judges
The following is a summary Of the
cases:
William Blount, Senator from Ten
nessee, charges dismissed for want of
jurisdiction, he having previously re-
signed. The case was pending during
December. 1898, and January, 1893.
John Pickering. judge of United
States District Court of New Hamp-
shire, removed from office; case pend
ing from March, 1903, to March, 1904.
Samuel Chase, associate Justice of
~ A,tV.t
quilted; case up from November, 1904.
to March, 1905.
James II. Peck, judge of United
States District Court in Missouri, ac-
quilted; case up from April, 1880, to
January, 1881.
West II. Humphreys, Judge of
United States District Court in Ten
nessee, removed from office; case eX-
tended from May to June. 1862.
Andrew johnson Acquitted.
Andrew Johnson, President Of the
United States, acquitted; case extend
ed from February to May, 1868.
William w. Belknap, Secretary OF
War, acquitted; case extended from
March to August, 1876.
Charles SWayne, judge OF United
States District Court in Florida, ac-
1904, to February, 1905.
Robert w. Archibald, associate
Judge of United States Commerce
Court, removed from office; case ex-
tended from July, 1912, to January.
1913.
When President Johnson was tried
the Senate was presided over by the
Chief Justice of the United States Su-
preme Court, as provided for in the
Constitution. The Johnson trial re-
volved principally around his action
in seeking to suspend Edwin NJ. STAN
ton as Secretary of War.
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Women Create Problem
For Irish Free State

The Senate of the Irish Free State
has no power to defeat any act passed
by the Dali. 1t can, however, delay
operation for 29O days. Conflict be-
tween the two houses is generally
avoided by compromise to avoid this
delay. But one case has arisen on
which agreement proved impossible
The constitution prescribes absolute
equality of man and woman. This
created some embarrassment in the
appointments to the civil service,
which are by competitive examina-
tions. Considering some offices un-
suitable for women, the government
passed through the Dali an act giving
the cabinet ministers a discretion
The finance minister declared that
he could not send a night patrol of
women TO prevent smuggling on the
Ulster border. and gave several ex.
amples of feminine unfitness for posts
women might gain by examination.
The Senate sided with the women, in.
sisting on complete equality. The
government stood firm. and by the
lapse Of the 2s0 days the bill is now
law
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Traffic Experts Are Cheered in Task
For Safety by Meeting with Hoover

the fundamental goal of both Hoover
conferences.
The meeting was productive Of per-
haps the most highly significant re-
suits in that the various committees
were appraised of the work being &C.
cOmplished among themselves, as well
as to bring to the attention of COM
mitteemen the things which are hap
pening in the different States as a
result Of the efforts of the conferences.
In other words, the meeting afforded
splendid opportunity for a general
SiZe-up of the whole situation, en-
abling those actively engaged in the
work to view conditions in the large
as we'll as in detail. In this respect the
joint gathering must be considered as
having accomplished an important
objective.
Looking at the meeting from the
broadest point of view, it is the belief
of Secretary Hoover that it re-awaken-
ed interest, stimulated attention and
brought to a focus once again the
many vital elements which have
arisen all through this safety work as
it has been attacked by the confer
ences. AS a result of the obvious
value of this gathering. another prob
ably will be held before the year is out
Unless all signs fail, that conference
will witness the submission of moro
encouraging reports; reports which
will bear the mark of enlivened activ
ity, born of the meeting just closed.
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Europe Now Is Looking to America,
For Guidance i'm Public Health Work

DR.. Joseph A. Murphy, chief medi-
cal inspector of the local public
schools, attributes this situation to
lack Of proper health education in the
home. He believes that much of the
responsibility for this disturbing con-
dition rests with the fathers and
mothers, who seem to find but little
time to devote to the physical welfare Of
their children. DR.. Murphy has evolv-
ed a plan correcting this condition
in future generations. He proposes
that the children of today. who are
the parents of tomorrow. be rigorous
" trained in the fundamentals of
child hygiene through proper school
educational methods, these funda-
mentals to include, most of all, diet
and dental care.
Next Generation Will Benefit.
The rising generation thus will have
been carefully equipped properlyto rear
a new race of healthy, happy children,
free from many of the defects which
now cause so much concern to public
health authorities.
Working toward a similar end. the
Chamber of Commerce Of the United
States has just come forward with a
proposal for a national health cru
sade, to-inyelye- not msEslx q "health
Evening star., 1926-10-24

ply. But do you think it makes no
difference how we raise those taxes?
Tell me, If you had a 200-pound sack
of meal to carry, do you think it
would make no difference how you
carried It? Would you load it on your
shoulder or strap it to your leg? Now
l say that if we must raise these taxes
we should do it in the way that will
hamper business least. We must
carry the burden on our shoulder and
not. strapped to our ankles"
City Reflects Country.
"How do taxes hamper business?"
I put that question next.
''Well," said Mr.. Root, "let us take
the business of farming. There has
been a lot of talk about the farmer
lately. The people in town may think
the farmer and his problems are very
far away from them. But when the
farmers business is bad he has less
to spend and the man in town who
must sell him feels it. Now under
our present system the harder a
farmer works the more he builds up
his farm, the more fences and build
lngs he puts on it, the more we tax
him. Take two farmers on adjoining
farms. One works hard, faithfully
intelligently, and makes his farm
valuable. The other works very little
and very inefficiently. What is the
difference in these two farms? The
only difference is that which the farm
ers themselves create. Each man gets
exactly the same from the Govern
ment. But the hard-working, thrifty
farmer is made to pay much more
for what he gets than the thriftless
and inefficient one. Our tax system
puts a premium on inefficiency.
Loss Is Serious.
''Is this trif1ing? When you stop to
consider that approximately 40,00O,O00
people of the United States are de-
pendent, directly and indirectly, upon
farming it is momentous question
for our intelligent business minds to
reflect upon. If it meant only one shirt
less a year to each of the 10000, 900
or one pair of shoes less, or one less
Of anything, it would mean decrease
in our national purchasing power of
the most serious proportions.
"At present under our unscientific
tax laws, taxation is levied on farms
on the amount of labor the farmer
has put into them. Now a farm is
made up very largely of the labor put
into it. In fact the labor value in a
farm, its buildings, fencing, orchards,
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Continued from First Page.)


causes; an inquiry which will go deep
~ into all phases of the matter and
which it is hoped would add vastly
10 the store of knowledge in this very
vital connection. 1t is proposed to
set up a board of investigation in CO.
operation, perhaps, with some already
established agency engaged in this
type of study. The report of this
committee elected much favorable
comment from the delegates and also
from Col. A. B. Barber of the Cham
her of Commerce of the United States.
Col. Barber has been a leading spirit
in the safety conferences, and it was
his opinion. as expressed on the floor,
that the causes of accident reports
typified the kind of activity most de-
sired.
Another committee statement which
was heard with no little interest was
that on public instruction and drlv-
er's manuals" The point was made
hat the cooperation of the newspapers
of the country should be obtained In
all matters of traffic safety publicity.
and the delegates at large agreed
with the committee that sucn co-opera-
ton is imperatively essential to the
success of the entire movement. Prep
aration Of n manual which may be fol
lowed by drivers ana chauffeurs IN
all States also was urged AS an I'M
portant step in the corSummatfon OF
Evening star., 1926-10-24

news of the world for the
seven days ended October %:
X X X X
The British Empire.-The imperial
conference opened in London on Oc-
tober 49, In connection with every
one Of these conferences the cry has
arisen that if the empire, hitherto
held together, as it were, by intangi-
BILE bonds, Is not to diSintegrate, the
constitutional relations Of the COM
ponent states must be precisely de-
fined and a machinery provided for
continuous consultation and co-opera-
ton, especially as regards foreign re-
lations: and this time that cry Is
louder than ever before. Still no def
mite answer can be given to the Ques-
ton, What is the empire?
On the other hand, there are those
who contend that, though there is an
answer it is not to be formulated In
words, it is an identic answer rem
dered by the hearts Of an overwhelm-
ing majority of the subjects of the
crown, whether in the mother coun-
try or the daughter commonwealths;
that, as in certain fables, to question
would be to destroy.
With diametrically opposite ends
in view, Premier Bruce Of Australia
and Premier Hertzog of South Africa
are pushing for a definite formula
ton. There is no question, OF course,
concerning domestic autonomy; that
is complete for each component state
direction of it's foreign policy abso.
lutely denied to dominion.
Far from it. The Irish Free State
has long had a minister. Canada is
to have an envoy at Washington,
with the acquiescence in both cases
of the British government and Par
lament. But, however tacitly, the
diplomatic scope of these officials Is
sufficiently understood to be linn
tied one. Last Spring, however,
Premier Hertzog in a famous speech
declared that the only link between
South Africa and Britain was the
personal one of the crown. and that
international independence" for
South Africa would result in 'closer
and more cordial cooperation" be-
tween that state and Great Britain;
and at the opening session of the i'm
perial conference he expressed him
self to like effect.
Premier Bruce of Australia, on the
other hand, asserts that acceptance of
that doctrine would soon be followed
by disruption of the British common
wealth of nations. He is for strong
machinery to insure continuous close
consultation and cooperation between
the daughter states and the mother
country in respect of both foreign
and intra-imperial relations.
It may be assumed that New Zea.
lands premier sees eye to eye with
Premier Bruce, and it is generally
supposed Though think some doubt
on this head is permissible) that Presi-
dent Cosgrave of the Irish Free State
is in complete accord with Hertzog.
Assuming, then, a clean-cut division
of sentiment as indicated above, the
attitude of Premier King of Canada
Evening star., 1926-10-24


Il and the tenth time in the his
tory Of the Nation the United
i States Senate will convene
within a few weeks as a court
Of impeachment for the trial of a
Federal official.
The impending case is that Of Fed
eral Judge George w English of the
eastern district of Illinois, against
whom the House Of Representatives
last April voted five articles of i'm
peachment, involving proceedings in
bankruptcy cases, alleged usurpation
of authority over State officials and
alleged improper treatment of men,
bers of the bar.
Before adjourning for the Summer
the Senate went through the prelimi-
nary steps Of administering to its
members the special oath required
and by receiving the charges of the
House and the answer of Judge Eng
lish. In his answer the judge denied
all Of the allegations recited in the
five articles and asked that he be
discharged of all matters and things
alleged against him in said articles"
Ready to Proceed With Trial.
With these formalities completed.
the Senate will be ready to proceed
with the trial when it reconvenes on
November 10. The House will not
meet until the usual time in Decem-
ber, which will give the Senate prac-
tically q month to devote to the Inn
parchment trial before the legislative
session gets under way.
The prosecution in an impeachment
trial is conducted by group of
members of the House Of Representa-
wives, who are called The House man.
ayers. The official against whom the
charges are brought is represented by
counsel, as in any court procedure.
The Senate has a special set of
rules for it's guidance in conducting
impeachment trials, which indicate
the form Of procedure. An outline of
them is timely with an Impeachment
trial about to begin. The rules pro-
vide. for instance, that the presiding
officer Of the Senate may rule on all
questions of evidence and incidental
questions, which shall stand as the
judgment of the Senate unless a Sen
ator asks that formal vote be taken,
in which case the question is sub
mitted to the Senate for decision. The
presiding officer also has the option
of presenting a question to the men,
bers for a vote in the first instance.
Presiding Officer to Rule.
All motions made by the parties or
their counsel are addressed to the
presiding officer, and under the rules
he or any Senator may require that
it be in writing.
Witnesses, the rules say, shall be
examined by one person representing
the party presenting them and cross
examined by one spokesman for the
other side.
If a Senator wishes question to be
put to a witness or to offer a motion,
Evening star., 1926-10-24

week" or ike observance of passing
character, but designed to eng'llf the
entire Nation in a wave of "hygienic
enthusiasm" of lasting and impressive
qualities.
Europe already is awakening to the
thrill of this health renaissance. The
Old World, at present, is reaching out
to the United States for couusel.