davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07

ed under this system because each
year more bonds are f1oated, some
Of which will not be due for ten
years, others which will not be Que
for nine years, others for eight. and
SO on, and the prepaymenls of as
sessments by property owners who
first elected to pay in instruments
keeps modey in the fund, although
the to<al would not be large enough
to meet all claims.
The fund is created by the Barrett
law, giving property owners the
privilege Of paying for street, alley,
sidewalk and sewer improvements in
twenty installment payments, over
a period of ten years. The con-
tractor is paid for the Improvement
with bonds issued in the amount of
the collectihle installment payments.
Proponents are made by property
owners to escape paying interest on
their unpaid balance for the entire
ten years.
A 1-cent tax levy was levied in
1915, Raub said, to meet the deficit.
Since 1t has been cut to Anil tax.
Neither are large enough to wipe
out the deficit, Raub said.
Not Law Intent
Taxing all property owners to pay
for the deficiencies of the Barrett
law system, he said, was not the in
tent of the law, which provided the
interest on outstanding bonds be
paid by returns on the investment
in interest bearing securities by the
city controller Of assessment pre-
payments.
But Federal Court held the fund
was not public money in 1908 and
restrained the then treasurer and
his successors from depositing the
funds in a public depository, where
the controller could get it for the
purpose of investing it.
When Barrett law bond interest
comes due, it is paid out of the
fund. Therefore, proponents hav-
ing been made, more money is paid
out of the fund than is paid into it.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07

delphia we found to be effective
means of coping with these
problems.
Politics will be discussed, because
politics Is interviewer with public
business and with law enforcement,
but nothing in these articles should
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07

write should be construed as an
effort on my part to proselyte for or
against prohibition, for am not q
professional reformer. 1 merely
want to show the more complex
problems which confront enforce
ment officials and what, in Phila-
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07
Date Is Delayed
FAVERSHAM IS GENEROUS
Applies for Citizenship so L. S. Can
Get Income Tax.

RIVERHEAD, N. Y, April T.
Asserting that he was ashamed that
he had not become a citizen before,
William Faversham, the actor, ap-
piled for citizenship papers here
Tuesday
Faversham. an Englishman, has
lived in the United States for forty
years. One of the reasons for his
citizenship application, he said, was
that he desired his adopted country
to receive his income tax rather than
England
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07

High grade trousers
in conservative, semi
conservative and col
legiate patterns and
styles
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07

be construed as political propaganda
Of any kind. I never have been IN
politics and as long as 1 live viii
never be politician.
Copyright. 1926. by The Bell
Syndicate, Incl
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07
Donates His Pay

I will not accept any payment for
this work.
want to help the movement for
decency in Philadelphia. 1 Will as
sign my share of the returns from
publication of this story to a trust
fund for use in protecting honest
policemen and police officials VINO
because they persist in carrying OUT
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-04-07
SMASHING VICE
In PHILADELP HIA
Continued From Page y

although, to be sure, there were
many times when I doubted him.
Even now, however, l cannot un-
derstand how he expected to ad-
vance politically, as he often con-
fided to me that he hoped to do, en-
ploying such insincere and ridicu-
lousy apparent tactics-siding with
the strong and the rich against the
poor and weak in an issue so vital.
Neither army was deceived by
these tactics. Only the people who
elected hinn-were deceived.
Price Of Honesty
The cause Of honest. vigorous, I'M
partial law enforcement is more I'M
portant than any individual advocat'
ing or combating 1t. Citizens cannot
know the treatment to which honest
public officials are subjected. Tell
ing of my two years experience In
Philadelphia may be enlightening. If
these articles serve that purpose ard
more people are led to support such
public officials, then my effort Will
have been worth while.
want to tell the constructive"
story of the progress made and the
lessons learned. l will be forced to
tell unpleasant experiences as well;
to tell Of the efforts of high and
trusted officials to interfere with my
work Of the means used to have
me favor certain privileged interests
Interests privileged because OF
their social, financial or political
power.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19

SONIERVILLE Nov. 19. (P-Jane Gibson was prot to the courthouse in ambulance and placed in bed which awaited her in the courtroom. 4 .~ . :.
 Jane Gibson testified from her cot and told how she had been robbed of corn on the night of the killing She heard dog barking and also heard wagon stop by her corn field She saddled mule and went to follow the wa gon which had driven away. She thought thieves were stealing remained about 50 feet behind and said she saw Mrs. Hall and Willie Stevens at the road the scene of the killing. She heard mems and womens voices coming down the lane and T heard say You let go then heard holler and next flashight and saw something in the hands of one of the It was Henry Stevens light which went out and heard shot and something heavy fell. 1 for mile. There were two women there One began to cry Oh, Henry! while the other screaming, Oh n.y. Oh my terrible and loud for the mule after the first shot then there was scream. just got to the mule when heard three shots. I stumbled stump and the mule and ran for home The out and very bright so walked back to look for my moccasin saw with white hair bending down fixing something and crying. It was the same woman saw early in the evening" It Mrs Hall."
 Mrs Hall was asked to remove her hat The bed was raised and Jane pointed at her saying Thats the lady
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
ALAMEDA DUE ARRIVE
 FROM SOUTH, MIDNIGHT

Under the command of Captain Jen- sen, the fast Alaska Steamship com pany liner s. s. Alameda is scheduled to arrive in port at midnight from Se- attle. A small number of reserva- tions are aboard the ship but fair amount of tonnage will be discharged, 434 tons to be exact. Of this 34 tons are for local merchants, 160 tons for the Alaska railroad and 24O tons for rail points. Numerous reser- vations have been made locally for the trip South. The vessel leaves at midnight tomorrow.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
HELD LOLA HUYLER PRESENTED INSUFFICIENT PROOF TO IDEN- TlFY HER AS DAUGHTER OF GEORGE AMPUSAIT
DIED IN CIRCLE YEAR OF 1924
Professed Interest in Welfare Illeqi- timate Daughter for Several Years and Sent Money, the Last from Nome

OLYMPIA, Nov. 19. (P)-Holding that Jola Huyler had not submitted proof sufficient to identify her as the daughter of George Ampusait, an AL aska miner who died near Circle in 1924, the Supreme Court dismissed her suit for Ampusait's estate valued at s15O,OOO. The King County Super for Court decision had awarded the estate to Jola but was reversed and the property will escheat in part to the state and the remainder going to brother and nephews. Ampusait Jola was born in 1890, near Puyallup and was the daughter of Mrs. Joseph Meeker. George Ampusait, was work ing on a farm in the absence of Mrs. Meeker's husband, when Mrs. Meek CT discovered she was going to have a child. She sent Ampusait away and wrote her husband telling him of her unfaithfulness. He forgave her and returned to Mrs. Meeker in 1894 with
 lola and accidentally met Mrs. Ampu- salt in a Portland restaurant. He professed an interest in the well fare of the illegitimate daughter and
 for several years sent money for her, the last being from Nome ln lo99. when Meekers learned of the death of Ampusait, in the belief the mlner
 was her father. Jola sued for the es-
 tate.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MAY INACCURATE BOAT
 SERVICE |L|AMNA BAY

Captain Heinie Berger is thinking seriously of procuring larger craft and next spring inaugurate a service between Seward and Tiamna bay. The feasibility of such a service was seen on his recent trip to the bay, he pointed out yesterday and, working in conjunction with one of the men op- erating large launch on Iliamna lake down the river to Bristol bay, he states the entire trip can be made with ease and comfort in three days frim this port, or from the bay to Seward.
 In the past this trip has sometimes required weeks owing to delay in mak- ing connections either out of Seward or out of Seldovia. There are 23 can neries operating in the Bristol bay region and three trading posts. Resi- dents of the Iliamna district stand ready to offer him guarantee, he said, and he is quite certain he could secure a mail contract. Captain Ber- ger is going to look into the matter more closely this winter with the view of the practibility of such service.
 Such service from Seward would mean much to local business houses, he added, for on the trip he just com pleted he brought back numerous or ders for merchandise and supplies.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MOORE CONTRAD|CTS STATES TESTIMONY.
 CHEMIST ON STAND
PORT ANGELES CHEMIST SAYS IMPOSSIBLE MISTAKE STRYcK-
 NINE, PTOMAINE

PORT ANGELES, Nov. 19. (P)-Al- bert Jacobsein, Port Angeles chemist, testified it was impossible to mistake ptomaine poison for strychnine as all chance of a mistake was eliminated in early tests when he examined the body and found strychnine. De- fense Attorney John Dore had cited the case of an Italian chemist who made a mistake during a murder trial but discovered it later.
 Moore told the jury in 20 minutes, his life. and of his wife's illness. He contradicted the States testimony un- der cross-examination and gave de- cisiye answers. He said his wife's face had been partly paralyzed all of her life or since she was 12 years old. She had series of convulsions and had kidney and stomach trouble for five years proceeding her death.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
REJECTS GOVERNMENT STRIKE MEMORANDUM
MINERS BALLOT TURNS DOWN PROPOSAL BY AN IMMENSE
 MAJORITY

LONDON, Nov. 19. (P)-It is re- ported the miners ballot rejected the government memorandum for settle ment by immense majorities. Against the ballot cast from Scotland and South Wales the locals prevented men from resuming work and from vot- ing. The memorandum touched the main points of the issue, increasing hours beyond the statutory. Seven district settlements voted for rein statement of the strikers.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
.REVOKES EXECUTIVE
 REGULATIONS STRIP
 LAND 0N RAILROAD
TEN MILE STRIP LAND SEWARD TO KNlK RIVER UNSUtTED
 FOR PURPOSE

WASHINGTON, Nov. 19. {P)-An executive order revoked the regula- lations reserving for public use ten mile strip of land along the Alaska railroad from Seward to Knik river.
 The strip embraced five miles on each side of the road and had been re- served to provide timber for the road bed and placements, but road officials reported it contained little material suitable for the purpose.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
R. R. IN TRANSFER BUSINESS

Within a month, according to re- port emanating from Anchorage rail headquarters, plans will have been completed whereby the Alaska rail- road purposes to transfer baggage from the depot to the dock-both ways-for the small fee of 25 cents. The reasonable rate of 50 cents, eith- CT way, has been charged in the past by local transfer men,
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
SUzzALLO ELECTED
 CARNEGIE TRUSTEE
NOW CHAIRMAN OF FOUNDATION WHICH HAS DISTRIBUTED
 s15,ooo,Ooo

NEW YORK, Nov. 19. P)-Henry Suzzallo was elected asN chairman of the trustees of the Carnegie founda- tion for the advancement of teaching. The trustees reported a distribution of a million and one quarter dollars in retiring allowance pensions last year. The foundations total distribu- tions of this kind has reached fifteen million dollars.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
ND SIGNS 0F LIFE
 IN FLOODED MINE LITTLE HOPE IS HELD FOR MiN- FRS IN HAZELTON
 WORKINGS

HAZELTON, Nov. 19. (P1-No signs of life has been discovered in the flooded workings where water caught six miners Tuesday and the only hope was that the miners were high up the gangway before the water and wreck age overlook them. Miners from many parts of the anthracite region have joined the rescue crews.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
SEVENTEEN KILLED
 BLAZING O|L HULK
NORWEGIAN OIL TANKER MAN TlLLA WRECKED BY TERRI
 FIG EXPLOSION

BALTIMORE, Nov. 19. (P-Seven- teen were killed and 75 reported in jured as workers plunged frantically from the blazing hulk of the Norwe- gian oil tanker Mantailla, wrecked by an explosion. A crew of 35 and num- erous dry dock workers were aboard the vessel. The flaming oil sprayed the wharf side of the ship which blew out.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MILLER MADE FORTUNE
 IN VALDEZ DISTRICT

SEATTLE, Nov. 29. P)-John Mil Ter late husband of Mrs. Jennie Mill Ter. who is reported to be in Salt Lake City with the Maharapah of h. dore, is reported to have made for tune in a Slate creek mine, located 175 miles north of Valdez, which ne discovered and staked. He went to Valdez in 1898 and married Jennie Shafer there.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MANY RELATIVES ALASKAN
 WILL ATTEND FUNERAL

SEATTLE, Nov. 19. (P)-Relatives of R. c. Button, banker and merchant of Nome and the Iditarod, are en route to Seattle to complete funeral ar engagements. MT. Button died last Monday. He went to Nome in 1904 and in 1917 went to the Iditarod. In 1923 he moved to Seattle.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
OREGON FARMER WANTS
 START RANCH, SEWARD

Seeking advice as to the practicabil- ity of the establishment of a conner cial poultry ranch in the Seward vicin- ity, Robert A. Smith, of Bend Ore gon, writes the local Chamber of Com merce for information. Turkeys would also be raised, he says, but not know ing anything about the climate in this region, asks for frank opinion as to an industry of this nature.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
"pEAp HORSE" PosToFFcE

Dead Horse" now known as Cur ry, is Alaska's newest baby post office, according to recent arrivals in Seward. The postal quarters will be housed in the north end of the hotel building.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
SEEKS BETTER MAIL SERVICE

SEATTLE, Nov. 19. (P)-G. H. Rus sell, in charge of dredging operations at Council, is seeking faster mail ser vice to the town which has received mails not more than twice a month.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
SAYS THERE'S NO ROMANCE

SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, Nov. 19. (P)-Mrs. Miller announced that there is no possibility of romance be- tween her daughter Nancy Ann and the Maharajah of Indore.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MARIE OFF FOR HOME

LOUISVILLE, Nov. 19. P)-Queen Marie leaves Louisville tonight for New York and sails on the first steam CT for home. The king is i'll again.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-11-19
MRS. GIBSON, THE HOG WOMAN SAYS SHE SAW MRS HALL, AT SCENE OF SHAVING OF CHOIR SINGER AND REV. HALL-HEARD LOUD TALK ING. THREE SHOTS AND SCREAMS OF WOMAN D WITNESS IS BROUGHT ID COURT ROOM 0N sTRETCHER

"You Let Me Co.," Said Mans Voice, Followed by Shouts; Then Light Flashed and She Saw Something in Hand of Henry Stevens-Then Light Went Out Followed by Shots
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
EXPERIENCE WHEN
YOUNCSTER HELPS
WIN SLED TROPHY

ST. NORTH. Switzerland. Feb.
2j-Hi~ Shedding days as a Young
>,'r whcu h" Weat "h,llv wopprr :.
Gown ,h" Mon street hill hcIpci
I'aFjI NJ. lIGs", now OF san Fran
CISCO, to win the Shedding cup on
#e'Id flmous eresta run Of inc En-
sadinr Alps
With q speed of nearly a mile !
fnu,c, Iiu>r outdid aristocfatic
NlrddrrN. including English lords
'IIc Northc>k aud Grimthorpc.
i!u>' entered the big cvcnf as an
outsider. His opponents dec&ed
iH p'ddcd Shedding outfits witt
sseel rr,u.orcements. had Lcca prac.
ling long. Ilusc merely tried out
The !c"-cuvcr.d cousc to get ac.
ae1intrd with the curves and bump,
and then went in and beat the real
c',pertS.
fhr "bc!i> w>prc~" training Of
j., youth did it, AYERS Hu,c.
Ihr Engldiuc couIsc is carefully
packed with snow and then flooded.
This turns it into a course where
mile Il minute shedding can be done.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
Central High
|. School Notes

Among tie interesting features at
the high sciool during the past
week was the clever one at play,
'.Thc Prairie Princess. which was
presented before tn assembly. The
situation of the play is BY Dclpha
EqaIcston, Il local high school stu
dent.
These taking part in the success
ful production. which Indicated
that there is plenty Of good dramat-
e n"t'rial in the sophomore class,
inc.adcd the following students for
the different roles:
"Lu Dayton, Chicago belle,
Vice Cole; " MadcIyn, her young
e. sister, Mary Kate Stewart
N.ck Movendi".' Il London cou-
iu. Nalcrm Sprusc; "Thc DachcS'
Il Diddle>cv, Fannie L." Ham
cock: lord Algrrnon Pcnryhm,
hnr son Earl Briggs; footman,
Ralph BHsbv
Mis- Thcma TiPton coached the
successful performance.
Preceding the play, other Sopho-
more entertainment features were
given. Milton Finley sang, " Pale
Moon. Evelyn Pope gave Il read
ing, "Nhcn the Folks Is Cone
ard Mildred Smith played a piano
solo.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
NUMBER OF GUESTS AT BATH TUB
CHAMPAGNE PARTY DVYINDLES WHEN
PROHIBITION SLEUTHS START QUIZ

session Of champagne and other i.
cuorq reported 70 hay" been served
+. the party which endured through
ouf the ea"ly morr'ng hours Of
Tuesday 70, the cdificaton Of some
9GO quests, incIudinG Vera. Counties i
cathcart; Condc N2st, Irwin cobb
and Harry X. Thaw,
Eut whether amy s1hpocma> have
been is@rrd could not be learned.
United States Attorney Hu"knru.
when informed fhat tn cljma& OF
thc party came wien al unc.ad %''#
j: thcd in Il tub Of sparkling win
while maic guest, drank h". hc"lth
from the liquid, j. quoted as say.
iHg:
This lool.- mo-" TX" ease 70"
the cGas' guard aud the plumber.
iatlcr thau thi- Gcpa@tmcut.
Chef ibirtou enforcement
gent Tutt!c said Lr# would r'y t.
lcaru the source # aus- liquor srrv-
cd at the festivities. If Carroll
took any champ. gua from his h"la"
te the thc1;rr vithag' II permit,
To't!e -aid The ,r.dercl would be
'ial le 10 rroar'etion en tie ground o
,o~ses,iug and transporting liquor.
Mraauhj'c thc number Of guest $
a, The partr which Caesail 9'vc for
lis financial baclcr. y. Il. Edria%
.or. is diminishing = rs horprio .
ioe~ca~ ny IiffIrG.t + Iocatc "nr-
one who viii admit he attended the
arart" at which chorus g'r's clad in
stcp-ins and rehearsal hloomer~
danced with Clutter and egg men
from The lIintvrland.
However, one incident of the JOY
.u- proceedings hg> throwa st'uc
'gta tie participants. -" Movies =
vore talon AT ouo point during tn
rartY aud there ar" apodlv mum
hcr Of ren<ricuco,trj ken mcn tod.'s
who wish thov knew where thos"
Inns cou}d be found.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
RICHARD WEARS
GLAD RAGS in
JUST SUPPOSE

Just suppose, the now Richard
IartGc,Mrso production which opens
1t the Valley t5catrr tonight, is
sad - br the r.mnst brilliant and col
orful picture in which that popula'
.'ar has yet appeared. Many o.
the ro!"5 enacted b. Borthcjmcss ia
hi4 previous pictures show hiu IN
r gs OF mean at+iro. III "Tol abb"
I'avid, and "Thc Bondboy' he
,,"s - ra2YsI country Youth; ia
:" Fury LimcLouSc sailor lad; in
Sonny he played the part Of a
doughboy. though he puts on some
.Ict,,- gaUd ciJtneS when he return :
',n -hr war; j. "'Thc Enchanted
cottage aud " New Toys he is II
Youth ia everyday clothes; in
'';-ion" ic. w.. thr enlisted Jackie
T. J'""," sam : savr; and in Sou
Fire, - whiic he starts out as a
aeahhv yeung artist, he soon be-
COMIC ljj"ridated and winds up IN
the South Sea isles, where clothc,
Are # secondary consideration.
Culy in The Bright Shawl =.
III FIGHTING Bjadc' and "Cla,s-
H=''r>, =, is there ANYTHING approach
ug q fine, romantic costume for
ia,o. lIr ooEcd very GRAND as the
Wc>t Point cadet IN "Cla~smatr<.
- h" @ranicr ~ "Tr" ErigA'
'""l' rnd rs the Dutch soldier
q fortune in "Thc Fighting
Blade.
i#gt as prince Rrprr' of Eoronia
i" "JuSt Suppose he is IL, vcrv
acme Of magnificencc. The most
exclusive Fifth Avenue tailors amt
i.otfnal;rrs. not 10 mention eos
''mcEs, extended Themselves to
't"jr utmost n bu;l@in. civilian
e2'f'ts and uniforms for his Weir
IN tkis nirtnrn
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
NOTICE OF CHANGE OF PRIN-
l'-fAL PLACE OF BUSINESS
OF IMPERIAL VALLEY MILK
PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION.

Pursuant to the written co,.seu:
ot tWo-tiIirls Of the mcmhcrs of the
Imperial Valley Milk Producers
Association, corporation, organiz-
rd and existing under the laws of
the state of California, which con
sent has been daily flied in the OF
flee of the said corporation in the
t1tN of FL Centre, County of I'M
pcral. state of California, ON the
l'th day of February, 1926, and
pursuant to Il resolution of the
Boa Il of>DIrcctorS of said corpora
jon, which resolution was duly
passed az Il regular meeting of said
board Ct directors. duly held on the
l,th day of February, 1926, at
which meeting more than Il quorum
of the directors Of said corporation
were present, notice is hereby Civ.
ca that tie principal place of busi-
HrSS of sand corporation is and ON
tie "l>t day Of March, 1926, be
changed and removed from the City
of FL Centro, to the plant of this
corporation at Holtville. said coun-
ty and state. after which date the
principal place of business of SAL
corporation will be the said plant
Of tliS corporation at Uoltvillc,
Imperial County. California. This
noficr is published by order of the
beard of directors of the Imperial
Valley Milk Producers Association.
Dated this l7th day of February,
1926.
+. :. WILEY,
Tocrofary. Imperial Valley Milk
Pl"'r"eI4 o,i4tiou
tSEALl + II - NJ j l.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26

official report fiIed at police head
quarters.
Harrington was found dead AZ tie
wheel Of his automobile, bullet
wound in his head.
No motive for the suicide was un.
covered by authorities.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
ROTARY TO MEET IN DENVER

Three of the SO iiag, Of delegate
nations to fly over the Rotary In
trmational convention n Denver, in
Junr-Spain, France and Mexico
once before temporarily waved o 'cr
the Rockies, but il was in conquest
! days before the coming of the Stars
and Stripes.
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26
nv United Press Leased Wire

!. NEW YORK, Feb. %. r. While
sthc gay exploits Of the hilarious
'' Earl Carroll party are written
in large red letters ON tnc book Of
broadway night life, they thus far
'l.avc failed to make any Impression
.oi. the police blottcr.
Prohibition officials have an
nounr"d they would question Car
roli rs TO the acquisition and pos
Imperial Valley press., 1926-02-26

Several awards for athletics have
been made. Letters We're awarded
TO mpmbcrs of the lightweight basket
bali team. Billy Foss, Orval Cook,
Joe Hurst. Lee Willoughhy, Cecil
Gilictt, Frank Mclvcr and Coach
karl llcilmau were the Eighties >
receiving their letters. The letters
are white and mounted on Il blue
background. They bear one blue
SHr.
Thc!ma Voycc and Edgar Starr,
winners Of valley league tennis hon
orS in mixed doubles. received gold
medals. Howard Kennedy and
George Namanaka, winners of the
boys doubles, and Jim Brown, Win
ncr of 'he boys singles. also rccciv-
ed gold medals.