davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08
Fluctuatlon.


There is considerable huctuation in
the average earnings OF workers in
the auto industry. Wages for January
are about 2096 less than those paid
in November. This means that EN-.
ployes Of the big automobile plants
suffer occasional part-time as well as
periodic idleness.
The latest word from Detroit ex.
plains that Henry Ford has found the
5-day week a bowling success. Small
wonder he likes it. Following the
rules of mass production which he has
made feature of American industry.
ne simply speeded up the conveyers
and other machinery by which raw
materials go in at one end and a nm
ished machine comes out at the other.
The working force had to keep the
pace. They turned out as much pro-
duction in days as in 8, but for s
days pay except where paid on a
piecework basis. Henry got the DIFF.
ference in added profits.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08

poor German boy who rose up to
where he Is today"
The four leading candidates are all
wet on the liquor question, tho their
platforms are only damp.
MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, N.
Y, Oct. 5.-Repreentative Ogden
l.. Mills, the wealthy scion OF an old
New York family, was nominated by
the republican state convention TO.
day to oppose Governor AL Smith in
November.
Mills name was the only one to go
before the convention In accordance
with tho pre-arranged plans OF the
leaders.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08
VIGIL Radio Program

Chicago Federation OF Labor radio
broadcasting station WCFL is on the
air with regular programs. II ia
broadcasting on a 4e1.5 wave length
from the Municipal Pier.
TONIGHT
500 p. m.-chIcaao Federation Of La.
bor, talks and bulletins,
e;5o-The Brevoort Ensembles Little
Joe Warner, Hazel Nymant the Golden
Harmony Trioi sootty Welsh and Mad.
son slstersj John Uds, baritorej Anna
Boehm.
eoo--Alame Cafe Dance Orchestra,
sfiloo--Alanit. Entertainers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08

I agement had not expected any opposi-
ton The boys would find it healthier
to conform. Much along the same
line.
voluntary"
The lad who still held out was given
special lecture. by the assistant
superintendent He was made to I'M
derstand that refusal to take the in
surance was equivalent to signing his
own discharge papers. For reasons
Of his own the young worker decided
to sign on the dotted line. The vol
untary'' Insurance plan was thus 100
per cent enforced. Studebaker's could
write to the trade journals and tell Of
their marvellous plan accepted by all
their workers.
(No, there are no such things as
trade unions in this plant. It's the
company's policy TO keep them out.
All relations are between the indi-
vidual and the boss. Not even a com
pany union to provide the bluff of
pseudo-collective bargaining.)
IN Most Plants.
In practically every plant some such
scheme as this is In operation. It Is
OF the greatest value to students of
labor to know how these schemes are
put over and kept over. What are
the effect OF such schemes upon work
ers and their organiEability into trade
unionsi Pensions, benefit associa-
lions, stock ownership plans, company
magazines, rrofIt-sharing plans. gang
production and other efficiency maneu-
vers-thes are dozens OF such newer
manifestations OF the personnel man
ayers that should be analysed on the
Job by the workers who are subject to
them. .aTlsI1 9Y41
@ y Send In Reports.
Wages, hours and general conditions
are important and should be reported
on fret. But lot us have detailed re-
ports on all the various phases Of
tho welfare Offensive OF the employ.
ers. Let us have careful descriptions
Of all sorts OF 1abor-handling plans
and systems and Just how they work.
Don't report like the A. d. OF l.. organ,
izers, who NIL out qusstionnaires OF
who send In reports 10 the Federation.
LIST as follows; "Thore is bonus
scheme in tho plant in this town and
company union. Fraternaily yours"
Give the whole story. Give details.
They can DO cut out II the editor
thinks they are not essential. But
usually it's details that make the story
OF real interest and worth.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08
WORKERS SHOULD SEND IN STORIES
ABOUT THEIR SHOPS; ESPECIALLY
WORKERS IN TOMOBILE INDUSTRY
BY ROBERT W. DUNN.

have looked In vain contributions
correspondents for descriptive articles
Certainly Of
for writing who find themselves sort OF
company association msad and betay
OF rs
There are more than million tg yellow flag
OF me company union America today appear
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08
FIVE-DAY WEEK ANNOUNCEMENT
COMES AT TIME WHEN LAY OFFS
ARE DUE IN DETROIT INDUSTRY
By LELAND oLps. Federatsd Pr.ss.

Auto workers in Detroit where the American Federation of
Labor convention opened mercy giant con-
competing for market which far
full productive power of the industry
unemployment will be handed christmas present
least that the story told by employment figures the Employ
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-10-08

That worker next door TO you
may not have anything TO do to
night. Hand him this copy Of the
DAILY WORKER.
Evening star., 1926-08-22
I.C.C. SOON TO MAKE VITAL RULING
In RAILROAD VALUATION EFFORT
Thirteen Years of Work on Problem Reaching
Cimax-Question of Today's Value Causes
Intense Debate Before Body.

measure that will add to the value by
applying tOdays prices, they contend
ed before the commission that. al
though the cost of reproduction"
clause in the amendment is apparent
ly mandatory and has the sanction of
the courts in numberless cases where
valuations of other public utilities
were involved, it would be manifestly
injudicious to make it applicable in
the case of the railroads, where such
huge sums of money are at stake.
They pointed out that, should a
final value at todays prices be
reached by the cost of reprOductiOn'
route, an absurd and Fantastic" con-
clusion must result, amounting to a
total value of from 80 to 40 billion
dollars, and that to base rates on such
figure would be an economic fol
ignore than the traffic will bear
resulting in a depressing business
activity. The ground taken, there
fore, is that it is eXpedient to ignore
the statute and report what is termed
a prudent" valuation.
The commission is in quandry.
Shall it find values in accordance with
it's instructions from the Congress
and report values which will increase
our freight and passenger bills by
S25 million dollars a year? Or shall it
report n prudent" value in accord
ance with its implied obligation and
let the Supreme Court settle the mat
ter?
The railroad valuation has already
cost 125 million dollars and has pro-
duced no tangible results. but what
ever the result, when arrived at. IT
will, whether or no, successfully dis
pei the "watered' stock bOgie and
that alone is perhaps sufficient JUS
tification for the expense:
Copyright 1926l
Evening star., 1926-08-22
BY RICHARD HOADLEY TINGLEY,
Civil Engineer and Writer.


The entire membership of the In
terState Commerce Commission mas
recently listened to oral arguments
on one of the most important ques-
tionS that has ever come before 1t on
the valuation of the railroads. The
commission has been appraising the
physical value of these properties on
the basis of pre-War cost OF materials.
The matter at issue was how much,
if anything, should be added in order
that the result might fairly represent
tOday'S value-and the commission
was by no means convinced that any
thing should be added. The questions
involved were so technical that press
reports balked at giving any COM
prehensive account of the hearings:
indeed the entire matter of railroad
valuations has been so complicated
that it has been difficult for the lay
man to understand it.
In what follows an endeavor will be
made to give hint at what is at the
bottom of the whole thing.
The late Senator Robert NJ. La Fol
lette was the father of the valuation
amendment which passed Congress
in March, 1918, and ever since that
time the commission has been en-
gagged in the task. The amendment
provinces lIdI tHe COIIlIIllSSIOIl
ascertain and report on each of the
properties the cost of reproduction
new and the cost of reproduction less
depreciation" In addition to these
instructions the commission had an
other duty to perform-an implied
duty, but none the less obligatory. For
years the conviction had been almost
universally entertained that the rail-
roads were overcapitalized, their book
accounts doctored, and that the pub
lie had been paying inflated rates in
order that dividends might be paid on
oceans Of water. The actuating cause
behind the Senator's amendment was
to prove this contention.
The commission did it's best to sat
isfy this implied obligation and yet
keep faith with the mandatory stat
ute 1t couldn't be done. Even on
the basis of pre-war prices, tentative
figures have been reached which in
dicate that total value of from % to
% billion dollars cannot be avoided;
this as against a 'watered" stock is
sue outstanding in the hands OF the
public of II billion dollars and a
"doctored" book account of 20 billion.
Disappointed at the result that
must eventually be reached, the pro-
ponents of low valuations have at
tackled the question from another
angle. Nehemently denouncinS any
Evening star., 1926-08-22
ASSAULT ON FLEXIBLE TARIFF
is NOW ENTERING SECOND PHASE
Importers Go to Court i'm War on Increased Duty ON
Barium Dioxide-Success Might Upset
Other Laws of u. S.

the Supreme Court should uphold this
| point of view it might open to at
| tack hundreds Of Federal laws in
which Congress has laid down policy.
| leaving important details to be deter
mined by regulations issued by the ex-
ecutive. This, If true, might affect the
tax laws, where regulations of the
Treasury Department turn the tide of
millions Of dollars one direction or
another; the prohibition laws, those
governing trading in grains and in
cotton, and many others Of similar
importance.
Effect Would Be Extensive.
Whether this view he extreme or
not, the attack on the constitution
ality of the flexible tariff alone, if
sustained, would have widespread ef-
fects. Incidentally, importers are not
| the only factors who would be glad to
have this issue finally determined.
Several prominent farm organizations
have gone on record as opposed to the
flexible tariff. despite the fact that
agricultural interests thus far have
benefited under it's operations.
The duty on wheat, for instance,
was 80 cents per bushel in the 1922
tariff act. In March, 1924. the Presi-
dent issued a proclamation increasing
the duty to AZ cents. Only last March,
butter was increased from s to II
cents per pound. Without starting an
argument as to whether the farmer
gets the benefit of the tariff, it is un-
doubtedly true that dutiable wheat
imported into this country during the
last two years has paid L. cents per
bushel more duty than would have
been collected had it not been for the
a
that in the last fiscal year only 1,600,-
600 of the Is 900, 600 bushels of wheat
imported were entered for consump-
tion-that is, subject to duty-while
in the fiscal year, 1924. in the latter
part of which the duty was raised
IA 900 900 of the 27,000,000 bushels
total were entered for consumption.
If the importers win this case, the
Treasury must refund many thou.
sands Of dollars; not only on barium
dioxide, which recently has almost en-
| tirely stopped coming from abroad
at the higher duty and in the face of
lowered prices by the domestic pro-
ducers. but on wheat. butter, straw
hats, print rollers, taximeters, potas-
sium chlorate. oXalic acid. veronal.
and sodium nitrite. all Of which have
been increased. BY the same token,
the Government will be due addition
al duty on mill feed bran. ETC., and
! on bob-white quail on which the
duties have been Eeduced.
Evening star., 1926-08-22
BY HARDEN COLFAX.

Organized importers turned their
heavy artillery against the flexible
tariff last week in the second phase of
a battle which, if successful, not only
will cause groans from a dozen lines
of industry. including wheat farm
ers and dairymen, but furthermore,
in the opinion of some lawyers, may
lead to the scrapping of many i'm
portant laws on Uncle Sans statute
books.
Barium dioXide is the commodity
around which this storm is brewing
as the immediate issue. While the
layman may not be familiar with this
chemical, every one knows its best
beloved child, hydrogen peroxide.
The National Council of American
Importers and Traders, Inc, last
week filed with the Court OF Customs
Appeals a brief as friends of the
court" in the appeal of an importing
firm which had protested to Customs
Court at New York against scents
per-pound duty on barium dioXide
on the ground that the rate named
in the tariff act was 4 cents per
pound, and that the subsequent in
crease by presidential proclamation
under the terms of the flexible tariff
was unconstitutional. BY a divided
vote the Customs Court overruled the
protest. The case has been docketed
bv the Court of Customs Appeals. and
probably will be heard October s.
1t will reach the Supreme Court in
the end.
Doubts Of Validity.
Grave doubts were voiced four
wears ago when Congress wrote into
the tariff act sections giving the
President the right, under certain
conditions, to increase or decrease
rates of duty after investigations had
been made by the Tariff Commission.
These doubts We're in regard to the
constitutionality of the provisions.
All the doubts are summed up in
the briefs in the barium dioxide case,
the first of several tests which are in
progress to reach a stage where early
action may be expected. 1t Is con-
tended that import duties are taxes.
and that Congress cannot delegate
the taxing power under the constitu-
ton. In amplification, it is asserted
that the tariff act as passed by Con-
sress is the law, and that the eXecu-
tive branch of the Government can
not amend a law conStitutionally.
This is as far as the present case
goes. although there are ramifications
of this line of argument.
Bat some attorneys believe that If
Evening star., 1926-08-22
East African Colony
Not Yet on Any Map

Corrado Zoli is high commissioner
for Trans-Jubuland, 1taly's newest
colonial possession. Trans-Jubuland
has not appeared yet on any maps.
1t is situated in Eastern Africa at the
mouth Of the Juba River, and has
hitherto been considered part of
Italian Somaliland. The partition
whereby Trans-Jubuland became a
separate province has received wide
attention in the Italian press. 1t is
thought to be preliminary maneuver
toward the eventual partition of
Abyssinia that is. if Abyssinia
doesn't object too much.
Evening star., 1926-08-22
BY G.. GOULD LINCOLN.

HE Democrats are striving to
hook up the Republican pro-
tective tariff with the dissatis-
Il faction of the American farm
Evening star., 1926-08-22

The criticism is repeatedly made
That the farmer must sell in an open
market and buy in q protected market.
Rut the facts do not bear out this
criticism. Except. perhaps. IN the
case OF wheat and cotton, all the big
staple crops are afforded protection
through the tariff Even in the case
of wheat the tariff duty is on the
books and levied on imported wheat.
and the failure Of the tariff TO pro
feet" is due To conditions that "A
straight tariff seems Incapable of rem
edving. Furthermore. many of the
things in the farmers budget are free
of duty. There is no tariff levied on
agricultural implements of any kind.
Othor items in his budseI on the free
Evening star., 1926-08-22

Continued on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1926-08-22

A FTER Mussolini what? That
" is a question often asked IN
II America by people whose
4 \ democratic principles his gov
nrnne.nt nffendS whose ideas
Evening star., 1926-08-22
Aids Religious Effort.


Here they came to demand the
sight Of him after the attempt on
his life in April, shouting "Duce.
Duce. until he came from his apart
ment to the palace and addressed
them from his balcony, when they
could not let him speak for their
emotion at finding that he was safe
apd able to speak to them there.
His Force"
Here also is the Church of Rome
Mussolini says that no government
can endure that does not recognize
God, the family and property. That
all the good he has ever seen done
in Italy has been done by the Church
of Rome. He is for the church and
aids all religious effort that is charita .
BILE When the sister of Pope died
last Winter he buried her, and her
sister sent many souvenirs of the
Pope to MussOlini in recognition of
his generosity.
All the immense ruins of ancient
Rome are being restored, streets
widened old and unsightly palaces
torn down. The Pantheon 10 being
placed in better view by a wide
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
FIRE ORDINANCE

Pursuant to an order of the City
Council we reprint herewith the city
fire ordinance regulating traffic on
the streets of Charles Town at the
time Of fires, and it Is suggested by
the Council that the citizens Of Char
les Town familiarize themselves with
the provisions of the said ordinance,
and cooperate in every way with the
fire companies in the observance Of
these regulations. It must be re-
membered that the fire fighting de-
partments are entirely volunteer or
CARNATIONS, receiving no compensa-
ton for the risk and dangers assum-
ed in the discharge of their duties as
volunteer fremen. and, therefore,
they should be given every considera-
ton.
Be it Enacteds
Immediately upon the ringing OF a
fire alarm the driver Of any motor OF
horse drawn vehicle. on the streets
of Charles Town. shall turn to the
right, to the curb, and remain there
until the driver shall have ascertain
ed that the fire engine, fire trucks
and reels Hereinafter called fir ap-
paratus) shall have passed in going
to a fire, through the block in which
such vehicle may be.
No such vehicle shall follow OF
travel on the same street of the
Town, in the same direction as such
fire apparatus may be travelling, in
going to fire. within 300 feet be.
hind such fire apparatus.
Nor shall such vehicle enter OF
leave fire zone without the per
mission of the fire marshall, or his
assistant fire marshall. or drive over
hose or hose coupling.
A fire zone within the meaning OF
this ordinance is defined to be thai
part of the street or streets on which
is the fire that begins at the re.
hottest fire plug being used by the
fire company. and extends to the enc
of the block in which the fire is.
No person except a member of &
fire company shall enter a building
on fire without permission of the frt
marshall. his assistant. or the invita-
tion of thesowner. or occupant. Of
the building.
The Mayor shall appoint with thu
consent of the Council. as specia
police. one member of each fire com
pany in the Town, who shall have
police power during fire, and whose
term shall be for one year, ending
July LIST of each year.
No vehicle shall be parked on 6
street of this Town within fifteer
feet of a fire plug.
No one shall place ashes or rub
bish on any street of the Town with
in fifteen feet of fire plug.
Anyone violating any provision oil
this ordinance shall be guilty of 6
misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof, shall be fined not less thar
$500 and not more than $500.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
TREES FOR SPRING PLANTING.

The Shenandoah Valley Nursery
has made arrangements with the
Southern Nursery of Tennessee, to
supply anything in nursery stock
which it has been unable to produce
locally for this seasons planting. Let
us know your wants now, in order to
supply promptly when you are ready
to plant. Everything in fruit, shade.
and evergreen trees; grape vines,
privet shrubs, etc.
J. c. Ford,
Manager Shenandoah Valley Nursery
Feb. 24-2t* Phone 2O5-3
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24

In the District Court of the United
States for the Northern District of
West Virginia.
In the matter of
GEORGE c. FRIES. ............. Bankrupt
In Bankruptcy No. $50
On this 18th day of February, A. d
1926, on reading the petition of the
above-named bankrupt for a dis
charge it is ordered by the court that
a hearing be had upon the same on
the 25th day of March, A. D. 1926.
before said court at Martinsburg. in
said District, at ten o'clock in the
forenoon, and that notice thereof be
published in the Spirit of Jefferson.
a newspaper printed in said District.
and that all known creditors and
others in interest may appear at the
same time and place and show cause.
If any they have, why the PRAYER of
said petitioner should not be grant
ed. And it is further ordered by the
court that the clerk shall send by
mail to all known creditors copies Of
said petition and this order addressed
to them at their places of residence
as stated.
WITNESS the Honorable w. F..
Baker. Judge of the said Court. and
the seal thereof. at Martinsburg. in
said District, this 18th dav of Feb
ruary. A. D. 1926.
AUSTIN C. MERRILL. Clerk
Feb. 24-2t
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
Salesman Wanted
Immediately

Reliable, steady, intelligent, well
recommended man. from 20 to 60
years of age, to sell to farmers in
this State. knowledge of farming
and farm conditions desirable. Must
be willing to wok six days a week.
Selling experience not necessary.
personal training under local mana
ger. Big pay every week. Good
territory. All year work. Perma-
nent position. Advancement. State
if now employed, when you can start
ad if you have a car. Address Home
Office Sales Manager, Dept. COW.
Box 1852, Philadelphia, Pa.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
CLOSING OUT SALE

Having rented my farm, l will sell
at Public Sale. at my farm, miles
north of Shepherdstown, on
TUESDAY, MARCH Is, 1926,
Hid. of Good Work Horses, Some
Leaders.
9-Head of Cattle-9.
50--Head of Hogs-5o.
Complete Line of Farming Imple-
ments and Harness.
Some Long Feed.
TERMS:-12 months credit on
bankable paper.
See large bills.
GEO. B. ZINN
c. Preston Engle and K K Cavalier,
Auctioneers.
Bill Moore. Clerk.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24

FLOYD Birkitt. who was captured in
Charles Town last week, by local OIL
GERS. charged with robbing store IN
Martinsburg, plead guilty in the
Berkeley Circuit Court on Wednes-
day. Judge Rodgers sentenced him
to the penitentiary from 2 to 10
years. The youth, who was said to
have been with him in the robbery, is
under 10 years old and will probably
be sent to the Reform school.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
CARD OF THANKS.

We, the undersigned, wish to thank
our neighbors and friends for their
kindness during the sickness and
death of our beloved daughter; also
the minister and choir for their COM
forting words and service, and also
use of their automobiles.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Wyndham
and children.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1926-02-24
NOTICE
To Federal Income Taxn,ver,

Oh HHcOIHe Taxpayers.
For the convenience of those who
are liable to file Federal Income Tax
Returns. a Deputy Collector of In
ternal Revenue will be at Charles
Town. W. Va, on February 25, 1926,
to assist taxpayers in preparing their
returns. No charge will be made for
this service. The matter of fling
your Income Tax Return should be
given Immediate attention. in order
to avoid penalty and interest.