davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17
THE MILITARY

CONTINUED from Feature Page)
manded a strategic position. 1t was 20
feet square and three sides we're built OF
logs while the fourth was Of poles. The
fort was evacuated March, 1876, and in
May Of the same year, it was burned to the
ground by the Indians.
Fort Benton, Military Supply Station
It was in 1869 that the military came 20
old Fort Benton. In that year, the fort
erected by the American Fur company,
passed into the hands of the government,
to be used as stOrehOuse Of supplies for
the different military posts Of the Terri
tory. 1t was maintained as this sort Of
establishment until the close Of navigation
on the Missouri in the late eighties.
Camp Logan I'm Meagher County
q Originally named Camp Baker, but later
designated Camp Logan in henOr Of Cap
tain -. -. Logan who was killed at the
Battle of the Big Hole in 1877, a canton
ment was established, in November, 1869,
to afford protection to the miners Of Dia-
mOnd City and Confederate Gulch. 1t was
situated at a point on upper Smith river
(Or Deep creek), and about so miles above
the confluence Of that stream with the Mis-
souri,, in what is now Meagher county.
Parts of one or two Of the original build
ings still stand. Two years ago, the ID. A.
R., with fitting ceremonies, erected q
marker on one of these structures
Fort MissOula, on the Bitter Root
It was Lieutenant A. c. WOrden who Sc
lected the site for the military post at Mis-
sOula, in July, 1876. The following year a
post was erected by Companies A and ] Of
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17

the Seventh Infantry, under Captains
Rawn and Logan. The site Of the original
fort was on the right bank of St Mary's
fork Of the Bitter Root river, four miles
from its confluence with the He'll Gate
river. The area Of the original reserve was
2,777 acres, of which 1,577 was timber land
Fort MissOula is still maintained as a u. s.
military post and is manned by a small
garrison.
Fort KeOgh, on Tongue River
The Montana military post around
which has been built up more military his
tory than any other like institution in the
Territory, was old Fort KeOgh, still stand
ing on its original location, but a short
distance west of Miles City, and now
utilized as a Federal Range Expert
ment Station. Fort KeOgh was built in
1877 to supply the place Of a fort dismant-
led in 1876; and was constructed under
the direction of the late General Nelson A.
Miles, (at that time Brevet Major General).
The post was first garrisOned by the Fifth
Infantry and a battalion Of the Second Ca
Valry. Up to the time Of its abandonment,
but few years ago, 1t presented the ap-
pearance OF large village, and was COM
plete in all the reQuirments OF a center Of
population.
Fort Keogh was the outgrOwth Of a mill
tary camp established in 1874 by General
Miles at the mouth of Tongue river. II
was from this Fort KeOgh that General
Miles marched with his battaliOns on the
trail which led to the Bear Paw Battle
ground, and the surrender OF Joseph, chie1
of the rebelling Nez Perces in 1877.
Fort Custer on the Big Horn
Following the Battle Of the Little Biz
Horn, fort Of impressive proportions anC
structure was established at the junction
Of the Custer and Big Horn rivers, not fal
from the scene Of the famous Custer battle
Fort Custer was brought into being as
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17
Feedimg..B eetu lib y Products
A Profitable Enterprise ~

(FrOm the Montana State COllege.) }
= Asst winter more than 1900
head of cattle and 10000 head
- of sheep were fed on sugar
beet by-prodGcts in Montana. This
year, according Louis Vinke of the
Montana Experiment Station, these
numbers will be increased consider
ably if farmers and stockmen in the
beet growing areas of the state carry
out present intentions. There will
be enough beet pulp and molasses
available during the coming winter
to feed almost twice as many cattle
and sheep as last year.
In view of the rapid increase in
the growing of sugar beets and the
possibilities of developing a success
full livestock feeding business based
on beet by-products, Mr.. Vinke has
prepared a circular on Feeding Beet
By-Products." This circular may be
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17
Zee Fxhibit was Popular

Probably the exhibit winch at-
tracted the most attention at the
Phillips county fair this year was
that of bees, made by Max II. Mis-
feldt of Malta. Mr.. Misfeldt had a
complete exhibit of hive, super hive
and frames, showing five different
stages of making honey; frame fill
led with wax, frame with honey
extracted, the uncapped stage, fin
ished and a frame containing brood.
Various stages in the life Of bee
were explained by Mr.. Misfeldt, who
also had samples Of honey in all
stages, from comb to extracted. Mr.
Misfeldt, has so stands of bees this
year and expects to double his out
put in 1926. !.
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17

ually the attendant risks are less
in the former than in the latter.
It is. highly essential that lambs
for feeding beet by-products be of
light weight. It is not possible to
secure as rapid a finish with the
maximum use of beet by-products as
with other rations. 1t is therefore
necessarw TO hold them 90 to 12O
days and if they weigh more than SIS
pounds at the beginning OF the feed
ing period they will become too
heavy by the time they are marketed.
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17
cuItIcura for Plmp1y Faces.

To remove pimples and blackheads
smear them with Cuticura Ointment.
Wash OFF in five minutes with Cuti-
cura Soap and hot water. Once clear
keep your skin clear by using them for
daily toilet purposes. DON'T fail to in
clude Cuticura Talcum. Advertisement.
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17

A car load Of Montana hard spring
wheat, grown by Roy Newton, a Jol-
iet farmer, topped the. Duluth mar
ct, recently, selling for s1.52A. It
was shipped to and sold through the
McCaul Dinsmore company, Duluth
brokers who handle a considerable
quantity Of Montana wheat.
The Bozeman courier., 1926-09-17

The United States consumes about
one-fifth of the total sugar produc-
tion of the world.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-10-09
BEAR HUNTERS ATTENTION

am fully equipped to conduct hunt ing parties of all kinds. Three years experience as licensed guide. Fine hunting along the Alaska peninsula.
 NICK KRISTENSEN,
 False Pass, Alaska
Seward daily gateway., 1926-10-09

Dunhill Pipes, S1O -Schaller- er's Alaska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-10-09

Ingersoll Watches, a full stock Guaranteed Watches-Schallerer's Al aska Shop.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-10-09

Read the ads every day.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
FOLL|ES COMES
ON RETURN TRIP
Musical Comedy Headed by
Local Talent to Appear Feb.
~ at Main Y. w. C. A.

Featuring the Brown Skin Quar-
tet, the Brown Skin Follies, music
al comedy of local talent, directed by
Mrs. Harriette Hall, will appear for
the second season at the main Y. w.
C. A., 1913 w. Fifth St., Saturday,
February q.
College men who compose the
quartet are Walter Minor, William
Benjamin, Earl Wilkins and Ray
mond Brown. There are over thirty
characters in the cast, including the
chorus and incidental parts.
The theme of the comedy will be
augmented in part, and will have
some new features which will be
worth watching. Three of the men
in the cast have been doing profes-
sional and semi-professional dancing,
and a special Charleston number has
been arranged.
The proceeds of the affair will GO
to the Central Ave. branch of the
Y. w. C. A. When the comedy was
given last year at Pilgrim Baptist
church, it was voted one of the most
amusing amateur shows which the
city had seen for a long while. The
admission is rs cents, and the cur.
tain will rise promptly at P. M.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20

signally honored upon completing
studies. She made the highest gen.
eral average, graduating with summa
cum laude. She was elected to Phi
Beta Kappa, awarded the Wilson G.
Hunt gold medal for the highest rat
ing for competitive examination in
Latin and Greek, and awarded the
Kelly silver medal for the highest
record in course of study in the
methods of teaching.
Highest Examination.
New laurels were won by her in
June, 1924, when she took the ex-
animation for an elementary school
teachers license and passed with an
average of 93.2. OF the 1000 en-
trants who passed, her mark was the
highest.
The new Latin teacher has had
previous experience. While in her
senior year she taught Latin in the
High School Department Of Hunter
College. From September, 1924, to
Continued on page 81
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
REPRIEVE GRANTED

Raleigh, N. c., Feb. 19.-Governor
Mclean Thursday reprieved Jim Bal
lard, sentenced to die for murder.
In reprieving the man, Mr.. Nc
Lean said it was for the purpose Of
investigating his mental condition.
The reprieve extends his life until
March 26 and he will be kept under
observation at the Negro Hospital for
the Insane at Goldsboro.
Ballard was convicted of the muir
der of Deputy Sheriff Eason Of Gates
County some time ago, and the Su-
preme Court upheld the lower court.
Judge Henry A. Grady, the trial
judge, appealed to the governor to
commute the sentence to life impris-
onment because he had noticed the
mans actions during the trial and
felt he may have been irresponsible.
1t was on the strength of Judge
Grady's request that Mr.. Mclean de-
cided to reprieve Ballard for mental
observation.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
WALKER GIVEN
WALKER AWARD
C. J. Walker Committee Gives
Annual Prizes; California
Gets Scholarship.

IN. A. A. C. P. Press Service)
Moses L. Walker, chairman of the
Sweet defense committee in Detroit,
has been awarded the Madam c. J.
Walker gold medal, given annually
for distinguished service to the race
through the N. A. A. c. p.
Mr.. Walker served throughout the
first Sweet trial, and was chiefly re-
sponsible for looking after the busi-
ness interests Of the IL defendants,
and arranging for their bail.
The 500 scholarship, which goes
each year to the N. A. A. G. P.
branch making the greatest percent
age of advance in contributions over
the previous year, was awarded to
the Northern California branch, with
headquarters in Oakland, California.
In 1924, Northern California con-
tributed $4,000 and in 1925 gave
$2,227.85, an advance Of 614.05 per
cent. The minimum basis for con-
sideration for this award is 5000
contribution.
For branches contributing a min
imum of 500 and making the great
est percentage of advance in member
ships, a $75 annual scholarship is
given which goes this year to Elmi-
ra, N. Y. Elmira advanced $500
per cent over its 1924 membership.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
Racial Integrity Bill Would Make
Indian-Negro-White MarTiag-
es Void; Would Taint White
Families.
(Preston News Service)

(PreStOn news SerVlce)
Richmond, Va, Feb. 18.-Nothing
has stirred the "blue bloods" Of Vir-
ginia to more vigorous action and
protest since the days when their
sons gave their lives in vain to main
tain the nations scourge in the six
ties than the introduction of the Ra-
cial Integrity bill in the state legis-
lature last week.
Opponents to the measure point
out that the bill would classify as
"colored' some of the most distin-
guished families of Virginia, and
various proud and patriotic societies
and organizations have prepared to
fight the measure to the last ditch, it
has been announced.
10000 Whites "ColOred."
One Virginia historian expressed
the belief that the passage of the bill
would mean the classification as
"colored" of at least dozen men,
bers of the Virginia General Assem-
bly,, as we'll as not less than 10000
of the most distinguished people in
Virginia.
This racial integrity measure,
which is being warmly advocated by
John Powell, Richmond pianist;
Major Ernest Sewer Cox, ethnologist,
and DR.. A. w. Plecker, State Regis
trar of Vital Statistics, classes as
"colored," all white" persons with
any known demonstrable or ascer-
tainable admixture of Indian or Ne
gro blood" forbids their marriage to
white persons, and declares, "void
absolutely abinitio" any marriage
entered into between such a COLOR
Continued on page 81
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
LIVING QUARTERS
POOR IN CHICAGO
Survey Shows Negro Migrants
From South Often Forced
Into Old Houses.

New York, Feb. 19.-Many colored
families, especially recent migrants
from the South, are forced by made
quate supply of homes to live in di-
lapidated, unsanitary and over
crowded tenements, according to a
survey made in Chicago by the Bu-
reau of Social Surveys.
The survey states that Negro mi
grants coming into districts as the
latest tenants, live in the oldest hous-
es. However, over-crowding among
Negroes is less than among foreign
born elements in the population.
GAS a group" states the report,
Negroes are paying much more for
shelter than other classes in the COM
munity."
The Investigators also found that
Negroes in Chicago had entered many
new kinds of employment and that,
"The weight of evidence accumulated
in interviews with the 100 firms con-
suited in connection with this study
is that he (the Negro) will be per-
manent factor in industry in this
CITY,"
The report further notes that the
Negroes progress to better positions
is noticeable"
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
Mclean ALLOWS
LIBERAL POLICY
IN NEGRO CASES
Governor Declines Clemency to
Men Who Stormed Jail Hunt
ing Negro Prisoner. ;
Fair Attitude Noted
Reprieve Granted Ballard, Sen
fenced to Die; Mental Sta
biity Doubted.
(Preston News Service)

Raleigh, N. c., Feb. 19.-Gov. Nc
Lean last Wednesday night declined
to extend clemency to Is men con-
victed several months ago for storm
ing the Buncombe County Jail in a
search for Negro held there. The
men all were sentenced to prison
terms.
"The sovereignty of all the people
of the state was trampled under foot
and insulted by the mob when it at
tempted to take the law into its own
hands," asserted Mr.. Mclean in de-
clining the clemency which had been
urged by more than 5000 persons.
The governor said that the pardon
commissioner had made a thorough
investigation of the case. He ex-
pressed his sympathy for the families
of the convicted men and added that
any suffering which they might en-
dure, he felt sure, would be alleviat-
ed by the citizens and welfare organ
izations of Asheville.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
A. L. Totten, With General Or
ganizer, go to Seattle, Coast
Points, Before Circing Back
to East.

A large audience turned out last
Sunday afternoon to hear A. Philip
Randolph, orator, editor of the
Messenger" magazine and general
organizer of the Brotherhood OF
Sleeping Car Porters, and Ashley L.
Totten, field organizer. deliver the
message of their organization and de-
nounce all the Pullman "Uncle
Toms" and "Stool Pigeons" as dan
gerous enemies of the Negro race
The speakers first appeared at
P. M. at St. James A. M. E. Church,
which was packed to its capacity with
men and women.
Totten Speaks.
]. H. Collins of Chicago, who is
the Western distributing manager OF
the Messenger" P. L. Caldwell, the
local secretary-treasurer of the or
ganization; G. w. Hamilton, attor-
ney-at-law and president of the N. A.
A. C. p, and J. H. Turner. attorney
accompanied the speakers.
Mr.. Totten was introduced as the
first speaker and held the audience
spellbound as he covered every point
relative to the situation existing in
the Pullman work, and described how
the Pullman Company had succeeded
in pulling the wool over the eyes OF
the porters and maids by forcing
them to accept the Employee Repre-
sentation Plan.
He outlined an alleged espionage
system of the management and told
of the practices of the welfare work
ers and porter instructors who are
engaged in a scheme to make perfect
this plan of the Pullman Company
Loss in Money.
He explained how the porters are
paid and gave accurate figures of the
total amount in dollars and cents
that each man loses in one single
month for preparatory time, which
the Pullman Company does not pay
for. ... ....-.... -.-....
In speaking of the maids, Mr.. Tot.
ten said that although they are en-
ployees of the Pullman Company
they are not allowed to ride on a
Pullman car when in deadhead serv.
ice.
Mr.. Totten closed his remarks by
the statement that If the public want
to know the truth about the wage
conference and all matters in con-
nection with the Pullman porters
grievances, do not be guided by the
paid newspaper reports of the Pull.
man Company, but use your influence
to coax either their white or Negro
officials on the platform with the
leaders of the Brotherhood and de-
CONTINUED on page 81
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
GARVEY PARDON
REFUSED; MUST
: STAY IN PRISON
Petition of president of Africa
Premature, Claim of Presi-
dent Coolidge.
May Be Freed In Fall
One Third of Sentence Must Be
Served Before Clemency
Can Be Granted.

Washington, D. C.-Marcus Gar
vey, self-styled provisional president
of Africa" must serve at least one
third of his term of five years in the
Federal penitentiary at Atlanta, Ca,
before he will be granted executive
clemency.
His application was denied as pre-
mature by President Coolidge.
Asks to Remain.
In his petition for executive elem
ency, Garvey had requested permis-
sion to remain in the United States
for 80 days after his release to trans
act important business" This re-
quest had been denied by Assistant
Secretary of Labor Husband, who de-
clared that Garvey could not remain
for any period unless exceedingly
important business should be
proved.
A warrant for his deportation had
been issued and he would have been
Immediately deported to the British
West Indies, if his sentence had been
commuted.
Convicted for Defrauding.
Garvey was convicted in the Unit
ed States court for the southern dis
trict of New York on a charge OF
using the mails to tdefraud in connec-
tion with the saletof worthless stock
in the Black Stan Line, Inc, a cor
poration existing under the laws OF
Delaware and having for it's purpose
the acquisition land operation OF
steamships which were intended to
transport persons and material to
Africa to build an empire. He was
sentenced in New York June 21,
1923. His conviction was appealed
and the United States Circuit Court
of Appeals for the second circuit af-
firmed the judgment of the trial
court. Garvey began the serving OF
his sentence on February 8, 1925.
He will be eligible for parole on Oc-
tober 7, 1926.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
Hungry, Tired,
Homeless, Man
Asks Sentence
(Preston News Service)

Baltimore, Md, Feb. 19.-Hungry,
tired, no home and no work. That
was the situation in which Willard
Bowie, so years old, found himself
when he walked into the Western
Police Station. Bowie was desper-
ate. He needed relief and was go
ing to get it.
But straitened circumstances were
not going to cause him to steal, he
told Magistrate Pohlhaus, after ask
ing to be sent to the House of Cor
rection. He had cast many tempta-
tions from him and for all his fifty
years he had not even stolen any
thing, he said.
Spring plowing held no fears for
Bowie. When told by Magistrate
Pohlhaus that he would have to
work on a farm, Bowie replied that
he had been born and raised in Geor-
gia, and Maryland's farms could not
be any worse than those in Georgia.
Magistrate Pohlhaus sentenced him
to three months in the House of Cor
rection.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
MOB HELD OFF
BY TEAR BOMBS
Delaware Town Scene of At.
tempted Violence as Negro
Is Sentenced to Die.

Georgetown, Del.-More than a
score of tear bombs were thrown into
crowd of a thousand who attempt
ed to storm the courthouse here
Monday and lynch Harry Butler, col
ored, who a few moments later was
sentenced to hang for criminally at
tacking 12-year-old Lenora Stein
metz.
1t was only with difficulty that the
guardsmen who used the bombs man.
aged to keep the crowd at bay until
the jury's verdict of guilty" was an
nounced.
Trouble started at noontime when
the mob in the rear of the court
house heard some one whistling in
the prisoners pen within. The shout
went up:
Hes so happy he's whistling-
lynch him."
The crowd surged forward, crash
ed through barbed wire entangle-
ments which had been thrown about
the courthouse and started for the
doorway when the guard officers,
seeing that persuasion was useless,
ordered a squad forward equipped
with gas masks.
At the command the gas bombs
hurtled into the throng and exploded.
Sneezes, yells and curses came from
a thousand throats as the crowd
backed away. There was only one
casualty, a man who sprained his
ankle in his hurry to escape the gas.
A few moments later Butler was
found guilty and the crowd slowly
began to disperse.
The date for the hanging of Butler
was set for February 26.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
AMERICAN COLORED JAZZ
SPIRITS GLOOMY MOSCOW
Chicago Daily Tribune)

Moscow, Feb. 19.-Russia will
hear a real American Negro jazz
band for the first time this week.
Six Negro jazz artists, headed by
Frank Withers of Emporia, Kan,
broke a five-year stay in Paris to
come to Russia at the invitation Of
the soviet government. They have
made four months contract with
the Soviet Philharmonic society to
enliven the dull night life of Russia's
biggest cities with the latest Ameri-
can ragtime for $500 a night. The ap-
pearance today of one of the musi-
clans outside the soviet foreign Office,
carrying a huge saxophone, excited
great curiosity among the Russians,
few of whom had ever seen real
Negro and to all Of whom the saxo-
phone was an entirely alien instru-
ment.
The St. Paul echo., 1926-02-20
PORTER SHANNON
SPEAKS AT MEET
Why Dissented With the Or
ganization of the
Brotherhood.

Owing to the fact that there is a
deal of comment as to my standing in
regards to the organization move
ment, which has recently created so
much discussion and where many of
the men who are interested are de-
sirous of knowing why 1 dissented
with the organizers, I feel that owe
to the people of the city of st. Paul,
and especially the employees of the
Pullman Company and Railroad Com
panies who have known me for a
number of years as to why l took
this stand.
One of the reasons why 1 am bit
terly opposed to any organization
that is being fostered by an outsider,
a man who has not had any expert
ence in sleeping car work, or dealings
with men employed as sleeping car
porters, never has been nor will be
in a position to dictate any policy by
which they should be governed. The
second is that it is never necessary
for men to resort to the extreme in
the organization movement, where
colored men are included exclusively.
l realized long ago that the easiest
policy by which we could adjust our
difference is always the best, and as
to whether this comes under the form
of an Industrial Plan Organization
or any other, the rule will always
hold.
Plan of Employee Representation
is for purpose of dealing with the
employer where wages and working
conditions are involved. The only
reason men organize is for this pur-
pose, and if this purpose can be ac-
complished without an organization
of the kind that is being offered to
the men today, I am still offering
you my advice and asking that you
refrain from taking any part in such
movement. 1t is the general i'm
Continued on page p