Evening star., 1926-05-09
EXPERTS AT VARIANCE
ON TREATY OF LAUSANNE
Effects of Signing of Pact on America
and World Are Outlined
by Authorities.

every shade or political Dellet, lncIuu-
ing, for example, Bishop Murray,
Chauncey M. Depew, DR.. Cadman, our
three former Ambassadors to Turkey,
the late Oscar S. Straus, Judge Elkus
and Henry Morgenthau, Rabbi Wise.
Prof. Davis of the University of
Michigan and many others. Very re-
Gently, 11O bishops of the Episcopal
Church, headed by Bishop Manning,
united in a protest against the rat1fl-
cation of the treaty.
The treaty had it's origin in the
events of the war. The allies were
at war with Turkey and we were not.
| Turkey broke diplomatic relations
with us in 1917 because she was at
that time an ally of Germany. Turkey
was completely defeated by the allied
troops in the Fall of 1918; but not
until 1920 was a treaty of peace made
called the Treaty of Sevres. This
treaty would have put the Turk out
of Europe and recognized the inde-
pendence of Armenia, a course to
which both the United States and the
allied governments had pledged them
selves during the war.
Fighting Begun Anew.
In the meantime, however, the
Turks had withdrawn to the interior
of Asia Minor and had re-organized
their army with help from various
outside sources including Russia.
Then the Turks refused to ratify the
Treaty Of Sevres and fighting re-
commenced between the Turks and the
Greeks. The Greek troops, INSULT
ciently supported were driven back
and finally out of Turkey in 1922 when
the Turks occupied and burned
Smyrna. Turkey thus, after being a
defeated power, emerged in a sense
victorious. 1t was under these con-
ditions that the allies negotiated their
Treaty of Lausanne with Turkey.
Our treaty is substantially copied
from the treaty the allies made. 1t
does not represent negotiations be
! tween the United States and Turkey
in any ordinary sense of the word.
The opposition to the treaty is based
on the e-fact that it abandons vital
American rights and policies and is a
betrayal of our pledge to Armenia.
The rights which the United States
had, and still has, under our former
treaties for American individuals in
Turkey and for the charitable and
educational establishments which
American phila nthropy has set up in
Turkey are given up: the American
position regarding our naturalization
laws was also relinquished.
More important, however, is the
silence Of the treaty about Armenia
The independence of Armenia was
recognized by the United States; the
boundaries of Armenia We're fixed in
an arbitral award by President VIII
son. Now, after hundreds of thou
sands of them were ma ssacred and
the rest driven out of Turkey, we are
asked by this treaty, in it's silence. TO i
ratify the Turkish policy, to condone
the Turkish crimes and to betray our
own honor.
100000 Left Without Land.
By the proposed treaty, a backward
people, numbering not more than
100000 is left in possession of rich
and productive territory, equal in
area to France. Holland and Belgium
combined; whilst 100000 Armenian
refugees and eXiles are deprived even
Of a fraction of their ancestral lands
In pre-war Turkey, the American
missionaries maintained or supervised
1,049 schools, with an attendance Of
over $4,000: in Kemaiist Turkey, they
have but II schools, with an attend
ance OF about $500 These remnants
according to DR.. Wilfred NJ. Post, a
returned missionary have been Turki-
fed. The treaty makes no mention
Of the missionaries.
We recall the sufferings of the Ar
menians, the military services rem
dered by them to the common cause,
and the solemn pledges made to them
by two presidents of the United States,
and we insist that in any treaty with
Turkey the Armenian rights, as de
fined by the arbitration of President
Wilson. and indorsed and reaffirmed
by President Harding, even on the
eve of the Lausanne Conference. shall
be preserved, so that they may be full
filled, in due time, through diplomatic
negotiations. In other words, we ad-
vocate the performance of our moral
obligation to Armenia, to the full ex-
tent of our opportunity.
The Lausanne Treaty is unworthy
of our country. It's ratification would
be an act of international immortality.
confidently hope that it will be de.
feated