davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
How American Labor Speeds
Production and Thus Cuts
Its Wages Below Europeans

"They tell us, since they have es-
tablished this new department, that
since 1914 the per capita production
of automobiles is a little over 200 per
cent, or that the men in the automo-
bile industry today per man produce
three automobiles where they only
produced one in 1914
Steel Output Answers Gary
eve have read in the papers, Mr..
Chairman, that President Gary, of the
steel trust, is alarmed over a five
day week. The statistics of the de-
partment of labor proves that since
1914 the per capita production in the
steel industry has increased so per
cent, and during that period the
eight-hour day has replaced the 12-
hour day for over one-third Of the
employees of that corporation.
"We have no conception, until we
begin to delve, of the enormous in
crease there is in production. Taking
SoHiC llS lSo WIiSu WCIC L.
Gently by the Pollock Foundation, we
are told that in some departments of
the steel industry two men are now
doing the work formerly done by 20
men, that two men, working with a
machine. have replaced IA others, that
in the handling of pig iron seven men
now are doing the work which for
merly required 1913. We are told by
the statistics collected by our own
government that the output per capi-
ia of our employees in the textile in
dustry is fifty times as great as it
was in our grandfathers days.
Real Wage Rates Here Low
"The fact is that the wage earners
in this country are not only produc
ing at rapidly increasing volume,
sometimes doubling their output per
man in a year, but the American
workman, Mr.. Chairman, because of
this fact, is working for lower wage
rate for what he produces than the
workmen in the so-called low wage
countries of Europe"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22

By International Labor News Service.
Detroit, Mich.-John P. Frey, in
notable address before the American
Federation of Labor convention here,
dealing with the proposed drive for
shorter work week, produced start
ling figures to show the increase in
American labor productivity. Mr..
Frey said:
"The statistics for Europe for the
last quarter of 1925 tell us that in one
of the European countries the average
amount of coal mined per day per
miner was nine-tenths Of ton. In
a country where the miners produced
the largest amount of coal per day
in Europe it amounted to 1.10 tons per
day. Our statistics indicate that in
the United States the average during
the same quarter was 4.56 tons. |
computed the wage rates as paid in
Europe, compared them with the
wages paid here, and if the American.
miner was to receive the same wage
rate per ton of coal mined in the
United States as is now being paid in
Europe he would have to be given
25 per cent advance Immediately.
Motor Productivity Scars
"a few weeks ago General Motors
declared stock dividend of so per
cent. There were several reasons for
that-one, matter of production
In 1919, or six years ago, General
Motors had $3.50 employees. Last
year they had 83,274 employees, or
2,702 employees less than during 1919,
but in 1919 General Motors produced
391 1888 automobiles, while last year
they produced 835,902 automobiles,
or, stating it in another way, last year
the workers employed by General
Motors produced over two automobiles
for each one produced by the workers
in 1919 The output per man was
more than doubled. | find that state
ment is supported by the statistics of
the United States bureau of sta
tistics."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
Ford Five Day Week Not All
That 1t Seems; Plan Seen As
Scheme to Sell More 'Lizzies' .

cents until he reaches $720 day,
where he stops unless he qualities as
foreman, whereupon he has chance
to obtain not more than $40 day.
The advances in pay to skilled men
go from Sc to $6.40 day, from $6.4O
to $3.50 and from $3.50 to $7.20
day, which is the stopping point.
There is no advance in the rate for
overtime, which is worked at straight
time. Overtime is worked frequently,
but an employe is compelled to lay off
the equivalent number of hours the
following week.
Summed up, the -five-day week in
the Ford plants means that an en-
ploye who formerly received $50 for
six days work now receives $25 for
five days work, and the fellow who
formerly obtained the top wage of
$43.20 week is now the proud re-
cipient of $36, and a strict rule
against overtime at single price, price
and half or any old kind of price.
Ford is very tickle in his loves, it
is said. He will take a sudden and
unexplaineable fancy to man and
rapidly advance him. Then, when the
victim has reached a dizzy height up
the ladder in the Ford organization,
a brick hits him and he is knocked
to the ground
This side of the Ford nature is
we'll known to Ford executives, it is
said, with the result that each en-
deavors to make hay while the sun
shines against the day of the Fordian
displeasure.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
HOSPITALS PROTEST
LOW INJURIES PAY

Atlantic City.-Hospitals care for
workmen's compensation cases below
cost, according to resolution adopt
ed by the American Hospital Associa-
tion. 1t was stated that inadequate
rates make it necessary to call for
charitable contributions to make good
the deficiency.
Under present conditions the bur-
den of proper treatment of compensa-
tion cases is oppressive, unjust and
contrary to all economic principles,
it was stated.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
A. F. Of L. Orders the Legions to
Move Up in Great Struggle For
Shorter Work Week in Workshops

Federation of Labor. 1t is a fact
that mans power to produce has at
a rapidly increasing rate outstripped
the real wage paid. There must be
market which can purchase the prod
uct of our industries, and that mar
ket is regulated by one basic strength,
the real wage received by the work
ers.
"But your committee is dealing with
but one phase of the problem, the
number of hours which should be
established in our industries. At first
our movement devoted itself to short
ening the hours of labor, but modern
methods Of production, the high ten
sion of machine operation, the special
ization which forces thousands to per-
form the same meaningless operation
thousands of times per day has placed
strain upon the workers nervous
system which is more enervating,
conducive to physical and mental fa-
tigue than many more hours of labor
would be where the work called for
the constant use of the workers Gre
ative power. Modern methods of pro-
duction more and more tend to make
a machine of men. For this reason,
in addition to many others, it is es-
sential that not only should the daily
hours of labor be reduced, but in ad-
dition, that the number of days per
week should also be shortened. For
social reasons, as well as those of an
economic character the American
Federation of Labor is justified in de-
claring for a shorter work week as
energetically as it did IN the past for
the establishment of the eight hour
day.
Labor Economics Sound
Employers and investors accused
our movement of endeavoring to limit
production by reducing the hours of
labor. We listened to these accusa-
tions when we established the ten
hour day. They were made when the
nine and the eight hour day were es-
tablished, yet today the proof that
our economics were sound, is found in
the fact that the volume of production
per capita is many fold greater than
when the ten-hour day was the rule.
For economic as we'll as humani-
tartan reasons the time has arrived
when the number of days worked per
week should be reduced"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22

shortening of the work day until fin
ally it's original goal, the eight-hour
day, had been established.
"Since the American Federation of
Labor at the time of it's birth declared
for an eight-hour day, an astounding
change has taken place in methods of
production. Power plants generate
energy in almost inconceivable vol
ume. This power is applied to ma
chinery which has revolutionized
mans power to produce. A new sci
ence has developed-the chemical, the
mechanical and the production engi-
neer have joined hands and developed
directing control of power, machin-
cry and the management of produc-
tion which has greatly increased the
production capacity of our industrial
plants.
Even Greater Output Coming
"On every hand there is evidence
that we are at the beginning of meth
DDS of production which will rapidly
increase mans present power to pro-
duce
'But already condition has devel-
oped which gives concern to every
thinking man, to every investor and
manufacturer, as we'll as to the wage
earners.
so great is the present capacity of
our industrial establishments to turn
out manufactured goods that many OF
them are compelled to close their doors
many weeks each year. The reports
of the United States government tell
US that several of our basic industries
if operated at full capacity for six
months each year, would produce
more than their present annual out
put.
Real Wages Outstripped
There is one feature connected
with the problem being considered
which has already been covered by the
wage policy adopted by the American
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
TOO MUCH PRODUC-
TION

Manchester, N. H-F. C. Dumaine,
treasurer Of the Amoskeag Company,
is the latest to give a left-handed ap-
proval to the shorter work week. In
his annual report he states that cot
ton machinery can produce more goods
than the world requires.
The company is the largest manu-
facturer of cotton goods in the world.
It opposes organized labor and main
tains a company union"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
FASHION TAILORs WIN

New York.-After weeks strike
200 men and women tailors employ
ed in fashionable Fifth avenue estab-
lishments reduced the work week
from A to 40 hours and raised wages
So a week. The contract is for two
years, but the workers reserve the
right to reopen the wage scale if in
creased living costs warrant.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
MINERS ARE FLEECED

Denver-Non-union miners in this
state are being feeced through short
weight, reports John Gross, secretary
Of the Colorado State Federation Of
Labor.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22

an aggregate loss of 255 lives.
From January to August of the
present year 1,575 men have been
killed by accidents at the coal mines
throughout the United States.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
UNION TYPOS SCALP FOE

Topeka, Kan.-At the recent pri-
mary union printers defeated Jess
Miley for superintendent of public in
struction. Mr.. Miley was too friend
ly to an anti-union printing estab-
lishment, while assuring the typos
that he is "a friend of labor"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22

sible to equal the pEoduction of the
longer day and at the same time re-
duce production costs.
These production results on a
shorter workday were effected in spite
of substantial increase in the pay
roll
The number of Orientals employed
in the province has been reduced to
II per cent of the total employees.
The reduction applies to japanese and
Hindus; the Chinese increased slight
ly. Immigrant workers from north
ern Europe showed relative in
crease.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
Labor orQueriies

Questions and Answers on La
Dor: What 1t Has Done; Where
1t Stands on Problems of the
Day; Its Aim and Program;
Who's Who in the Ranks of
the Organized Toilers, etc, etc.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
New Move Seen AS Vital
To Workers and Industry
Fewer Hours of Toll Imperative From Humanitarian
as Well as From Economic Viewpoint, American
Federation of Labor Holds

BY international Labor News Service.
Detroit, Mich.-With one great
program adopted in the form of a
resolution laying plans for the organ
ization of the mighty automobile in
dustry, with it's million directly emy
ployed workers, the American Feder-
alton of Labor convention took a sec
ond great step in adopting declara-
ton declaring for a shorter work
week.
The shorter work week is regarded
as imperative, not only for the well
fare of the workers in high speed
industry, but as measure necessary
to the salvation of industry itself.
Labor believes-and backs its belief
with figures-that not only must la
Dor earn high wages to bring purchas-
ing power into proper relation to pro-
duction, but the masses must have
the necessary free time to enable
them to USE the commodities of
modern industry.
Shorter Week Necessary
1t was pointed out that more and
more products-such as automobiles
radios, pianos, clothes-depend for
their use upon the time men and
women have for their use. Labor
deems the shorter work week neces-
sary to prevent industry from piling
back upon itself in wreckage.
But vastly more important to the
workers is the fact that in modern
high speed industry, more free time
is necessary for the recovery of the
human system from the strain OF
work that is keyed to machines and
must follow the speed of machines.
LabOr's Statement
Here is labor's pronouncement or
the shorter work week-a pronounce.
ment as epochal as labor's pronounce.
ment for the eight-hour day.
"The American trade union move.
ment devoted its early effort to {
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22

aside by organized labor as its own
days?
A.-Labor Day, the first Monday in
September; Labor Sunday, the Sunday
preceding Labor Day, and Labor's
Memorial Sunday, the fourth Sunday
in May.
Q.-Is the American Federation of
Teachers the only teachers union in
the world?
A.-No. There are teachers
unions in various European countries.
In France the National Union of
Teachers includes majority of the
elementary teachers of the nation.
Q.-What is the Samuel Gompers
memorial room?
Alt is a room in the American
Federation of Labor building in
Washington, D. c., containing the
desk, chair, books, writing materials
and other things used by Samuel Com
pers in his office in the federation
building. 1t also contains portraits
and pictures of the dead labor head
and a large collection of medals,
curios, World War relics, books and
papers belonging to Mr.. Gompers.
Q.-What is the procedure for
changing the constitution of the
American Federation of Labor?
/ A.-Article XVI of the constitution
says: 'This constitution can be
amended or altered only at regular
session of the convention and to do so
it shall require two-thirds' vote"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-10-22
Real Wages Outstripped

There is one feature connected
with the problem being considered
which has already been covered by the
wage policy adopted by the American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06
RADIO FOR SECTION
OF SOUTH AMERICA
Complete Broadcast System to
Cover Southern Half Soon Will
Be Ready to Operate.

4 cnmplete hroadCa sting system
that Is expected To serve most of the
sorrt horn half of South America Will
l,e in operation in chile by June, 1t
was reported today to the Department
pf Commerce.
The scheme of >brnadcaStinG which
has received the official sanction of
the Chilean government comprises a
/ 500 watts. with two relay stations.
one at Conception and the other At
a CRY Ia he named.
The concession for the stations has
been granted to the Compa mia Radio
The Santiago station will he assigned
the call letters CMAR and a wave
length of Asa meters. IL is hoped
that with increased power this pla Mt
NAV heSome one by which Chilea n
programs may eventually reach the
United States.
The granting of the concession is
rated as one of the most important
advances radio has made in the South
american republic. where conSidera
Die radio enthusiasm already exists.
According to estimates of dealers,
here are al present Approximately
* 900 receiving sets in Chile. but
This is expected to he materially in
rreas ed through the addition of the
now hroadcastinG system.
Because of the poor means of com.
ntuniCation in some parts of Chile. it
Is believed that interest in radio in
these localities will make rapid adj
vances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06
THIRD BRIDGE GAME
ON RADIO TONIGHT
"Roxy" and Ipandr Trouba-
dours Other Star Features
for Evening.

WCAP will broadcast the third Of
It's series Of bridge games tonight. bid
by bid and play by play. The game
will he given aS played by \. j. Ferries
and John n. smith of Ridcewood, \.
j., and Milton {. Work of New York
all bridge experts.
The following hands will he played
South holds-Spades. A-S-7.2; hearts,
A-Q-2: diamonds. k-7-2: clubs. k-9-'.
West holds Spades, k-lo-5: hearts,
Kiss: diamonds. QlN6-3: clubs. A.Q,2
North Spades. ass hearts,
lisa: diamonds. 81: clubs, 7-6-4-3.
East Spades, Ola: hearts.
1O-9-2: dia1ponds A-J.9-S: clubs. Jos.
other headline attractions on
NCAP's program will be the weekly
programs of Roxy" and his gang,
and the Ipana Trouhadours; a concert
nv the United States Navy Band Or
rhestra under the direction OF Lieut..
Charles Renter and a dance program
by the CarolinianS.
Opening the program will he talk
by William Hard. Washington news
paper correspondent on Roxy and
the Land of Sunshine" Following
will he concert by the Columbia
Male Quartet. consisting Of Paul G.
Ledig. William F.. Rraithwaite. Ray
mond G.. Moore and John &. Smith.
Meyer Davis lie Paradis Band will
open WRC'S afternoon program at
AIS o'clock other attractions include
a recital by Ellsworth Tompkins. bari
tone: Il resume of Things Talked
About by Nina Reed and a piano
recital by George 7. Ross.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06
PASSAGE Of RADIO
LEGISLATION URGED
Hoover Tells House Commit.
tee Federal Supremacy Is
Vital to BroadcaSting.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
New legislation at this session of
Congress is essential to prevent "cha os
in radio broadcasting and Communica-
ton, Secretary Hoover today told the
House merchant marine committee,
which IL considering the radio regu-
lation bill presented by Representative
White, Republican, Maine.
Mr.. Hoover recommended passage
of the bill as meeting the present
public necessity" pointing ont that
congestion in broadcasting has pro
duced the most pressing need for leg
islation. He declared the radip public
and industry were in accord with pro-
visions of the measure.
Gives L. S. Full Power.
The bill gives the Government jul.
riSdiction over all phases of radio
communicate ton as they relate to in
terstate and foreign commerce, and
the Secretary expressed belief that
Federal supremacy Is absolutely es-
sential II this system of communica-
ton is TO he preserved and advanced +"
Government control over licenses nd
wave lengths as now in effect in the
Commerce Department also is pro
vided
Pointing out that there are now
country. Mr.. Hoover said there were
only SO wave lengths to be distrihut ed
among them. with many of the wave
lengths below effective use
Six Stations to Wave Length.
The problem" he continued. has
heen To try 10 divide 50 wave lengths
among more than 500 stations. which
means an average of over & stations
ia each wave length Satisfactory
division has been a mathematical i'm
possibility. Only by time division
power limitation. geographical separa
ton and other expedients has IL been
possible to preserve any order at all
in the ether.
There are some 80 applicatio for
new stations before the department
now. If they were allowed and the
number thereby increased by nearly 80
per cent. the whole hroadcasting serv-
ice would be effectively DESTROYED
FROM the viewpoint of public service
we need fewer stations rather thar
more"
MIR. Hoover approved also the pro
vision of the bill setting up national
commission of nine members To act
in advisory capacity to the Secretary
of Commerce in radio matters The
clause Stipulatinc that decisions Of the
board in controversies over radio priVi-
leGes would he final and binding sub
Iect only To appeal 10 the courts. the
Secretary regarded as a highly i'm
portant provision"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06
MOST RADIO STATIONS
IN INTERNATIONAL TEST
All With Exception of Two or
Three Promise to Participate,
Is Report.

All of the broadcasting stations in
the United States, with the possible
exception of two or three, have agreed
to participate in the international
tests, to he conducted the week of
January 24-3O, it was announced
today.
Removal of the opposition of the
Pacific Radio Trade Association to
the plans. it was said. has brought
practically all of the stations in that
part of the country into line for the
experiment.. with the exception of one
or two, who have announced they will
not he able to cancel contract al
ready made for broadcasting during
that week.
Final plans for the tests are bein g
made this week, and announcement
of the full programs, call letters and
wave lengths of the foreign stations
that are to participate in the broad :
casting will be made by January %.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06

porters who interviewed her on her
arrival from New York yesterday
quoted her as noticing a growing cool
ness between the two and commenting
on the fact that her daughter is in
New York and young Pickford in
Hollywood.
Il wish people would stop trying to
separate u.s." said Jack from the Pa
cif1c Coast. This comes up every year
while Marilyn Is playing in New York
and I am engaged in pictures here"
Through a representative in New
York, Miss Miller said, that reports of
separation were unfounded, attrib-
uting such rumors to certain people
who have been annoying her in this
way for two years.
Pickford and his actress wife, both
of whom had been welded before, We're
married in 1922 at the Hollywood
home of Douglas Fairbanks and Mary
Pickford. after a controversy between
Miss Miller and Florence Ziegfeld
who claimed that her theatrical CON
tract required that she remain un-
married for five years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-01-06
HILL BILLIES FIDDlERS
TO CHARM RADIO FANS
0ld-Time Music to Feature Station
WRC Program for Next Sat-
urday Night.

The Hill Biiies, with the recent adj
dition of Charlie Bowman. champion
fiddler of Tennessee and winner in
more than score of folding contests
will he heard hy listeners to station
NItC Saturday night. With the recent
revival of interest in the art of fid-
ding. the program Of. the old tradi
tiona, hill country music. To be given
by the Hill Billies. will he welcomed
by radio fans who have hea ri the or
SaniZation on the air in the past. The
entire membership of the Hill Billies is
made UP of natives of the mountains
of North Carolina. Virginia and Ten
nessee. and all have appeared in tid-
ding contests throughout most of the
United States.
Beginning Friday the series Of after
noon concerts played weekly by the
United States Marine Rand orga MIA
ton in the Marine BARRACKS will ne
broadcast by stations WRC. at Wash
ington, and VIZ. al New York. The
Friday afternoon concerts will he
played under the direction of Can't
William n. Santelmann. and are de
signed particularly for music students
The concerts are scheduled to he given
at $50 o'clock.
An augmented force of Saturday
Nighters that will include many of the
most popular artists of the Capital will
be heard in the Crandall entertainment
to he broadcast through station WRC
Saturday night. Among the Saturday
Nighters who will be heard on that oc-
casion are Kate Smith, Washington :
Queen of SynCopation: Marie Duchon
Deal. dramatic soprano: Mildred Wat
kins. yioliniSt: Nell Paxton and Viola
Abrams. in group OF duet numbers:
Josephine RochlitZ. brilliant Baltimore
contralto: the Imperial Male Quartet:
Albert Shefferman. baritone: Henry
Smidt Gregor. pianist: Otto F. Beck, or
ga mist; an instrumental quartet, COM
posed of Sigmund Ziebel, violinist Sig
Newman. saXophonist: Stewart De
Witt banioist. and Emil Smith. plan
list. and the full ensemble Of the Metro
politan symphony Orchestra. under
the direction of Daniel Breeskin