Evening star., 1926-12-04

Our State Department has proposed
a solution for the settlement of the
age-old Tacna-Arica dispute-the AL
Sace-LorTaine' of America.
Bolivar, the liberator of the Span
ish American countries of South
America, anticipated our own Presi-
dent Monroe in enunciating a Boil
ivarian doctrine more farreaching
even than the Monroe Doctrine. He
wrote in 1878 to Director (PreSidenD
Pueyrredon of Argentina proposal
of America for the Americans" Yet
Bolivia, the country which honors the
iiberatOr by bearing his name. was
the first to ignore that principle by
appealing it's cause to league of
Europe Uhe League of Nations), rath
er than to the great republic which
declares and maintains the principle
that Europe must keep hands off
from American problems. Neverthe-
less, the United States wants to see
peace in South America and justice
to Bolivia.
Gen. Bolivar wrote:
when the triumph of VeneZuela'S
arms complete the work of independ
ence, or when more favorable circum-
stances permit us more frequent COM
municatiOnS and closer relations, with
the livelieSt interest on our part, we
should hasten to establish the Amer
lean pact, which, forming one pOliti-
cal entity of our republics would pre-
sent America to the world in an
aspect of majestic grandeur, unequal
ed among the ancient nations. An
America thus united, If Heaven grant
our desire, would be hailed as the
queen of nations, the mother of re-
publics."
The Monroe Doctrine merely warned
Europe against attempting further
colonizing or exploiting of American
territory, and in it's original form
would have had no bearing upon a1'bl-
tratiOn of an international controversy
| in America by a single European
ruler. 1t is held, however, that no
such innocuOuS function would be that
which the League of Nations would
| assume under the terms of it's cove
napt, i'm case it undertook to eStab-
| Ish peace between two South Amer
| ican nations, for by it's covenant 1t
must attempt to enforce it's findings
| by boycott or arms.
The original Monroe Doctrine has
been enlarged by the Blaine-F'rellng-
huysen Doctrine, giving additional no
| tice to Europe to stay on her own SIDE
Of the Atlantic, where she has her
Balkans, while America will look after
| all American problems.
[ quote from the American Journal
| of International Law an editorial upon
the policies of Secretaries of State
Blaine and F'relinghuysen, as fol-
| lows:
"Blaine and Frelinghuysen' held
| that for the United States to join
| with European powers in intervening
to put an end to the War of the Pa
cific between Bolivia and Peru against
| Chile), 1879-1S83, or in a concert for
| the settlement of the questions grow
| ing out of that war, was to act con
| trary to the traditional American pol
| icy. Blaine doubted the expediency
| of uniting with European powers to
| intervene, either by material pressure
| or by moral or political influence, in
| the affairs Of American States. Ere
| linghuysen went even farther and de-
| clared that the Department OF state
will not sanction an Intervention OF
| European states in South American
| difficulties, even with the consent Of
| the parties. The decision of American
| questions pertains to America itself
| That is sometimes called the Ere
linghuysen doctrine; sometimes "The
| Doctrine of the Two Spheres" 1t has
been suggested that it was sort OF
American SuDcOnSCIOuSneSS Oh lHStl
| Doctrine of the Two Spheres" which
| opposed our entangling with the
| League Of European Nations or with
| it's Permanent Court of Justice: The
| decision of American questions per-
| tains to America itself"
Il X X x
| That does not mean that the United
| States Of America sets itself up as
| general supervisor of other American
| nations, for we recognize equality of
| rights of all American republics. We
are active in undertaking the role of
| arbitrator in the dispute between
| Peru and Chile, because they asked
| the President of the United States TO
take that responsibility, under the
| terms of their treaty settling the four
year war beginning in 1879. They
have not abided by the terms which
made our President the final arbitra-
tor of the methods of taking a pleb-
iscite which was to decide to which
| country-Chile or Peru-the final and
| permanent sovereignty of the prov
| inces of Tacna and africa should go.
| They have refused to carry out their
| own treaty on any practicable terms,
| and war has been rearing it's head
again, where we have hoped for a
| peaceful settlement. That releases
President Coolidge from further obli-
cation as arbitrator under the treaty,
but 1t does not lessen our interest in
the peace OF this sphere" or hemi-
sphere.