davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19

II am Services broadcast from
All Souls Unitarian Church. Or. L.
G.. r. Pierce, pastor. will preach.
I p.m.-Services held at the Peace
Cross. broadcast from the National
Cathedral
500 pm. Musical program broad
cast with WEAF from the Capitol
Theater. New York City. Maj. Edward
Bowes. directing.
Sis to S:45 p.m.--Atwater Kent
Radio Hour-Fea turing John Corig-
liano. violinist. guest artist; Allen Nc
Quhae. tenor. with orchestra, broad
cast with WEAF from New York.
Program follows: Opening air, Mr.
McQuhae and orchestral Come Into
the Garden" OBalfeD. Mr.. McQuhae and
orchestra; Symphonic Espa gnole-An-
dante" Mr.. Corigliano and orchestra:
who Is sylvia (SchuberU. Mr.. Nc
Quhae and orchestra: IA Hymn to
the sun CRimsky -korsakoff), (b) La
Gitana" fkreisler). Mr.. Corgliano and
piano: My Gift For You GCadman).
Mr.. McQuhae and orchestra: Daddy"
demon Rehren). Mr.. McQuhae and or
chestra: Now the Day Is Over"
RarnhyE Mr.. McQuhae and orchestra.
Early Program Tomorrow.
S:45 to 1:45 m.-Tower health ex.
eCises. broa beast with WEAF from
the Metropolitan Tower. New York.
II: IS darlington time signals.
u Noon Organ recital by Henri
Smidt -Gregor. broadcast from the
Homer l.. Kit Studio.
pm Meyer Davis New Willard
Hotel Orchestra.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
SENSITIVITY FACTORS
IMPORTANT ON FARM
Bureau Of Standards. by Rough
Treatment. Tests Radio Sets
for Rural Use.

Sensitivtty is the chief requisite for
an efficient receiving set for use on
farms. because of the greater dista noes
from bl'oadcasting stations. 1t has heen
determined by the radio lahora tory of
the Bureau Of Standards. while the
city dweller's chief need is selectivity,
in order that he may tune out signals
from local stations and pick up
those from distance.
Secondary requirements for a good
farm receiver are ruggedneSS. that it
may withstand shipment and use on
farms and simplicity of operation.
with as few controls as possibly con-
sistent with satisfactory operation.
The nvestiga tionS at the Rurea IL
of Standards We're undertaken at the
request of the department of A9ricul-
ture in order that the farmers of the
country who are interested in receiv.
ing the market and other aGrit ulturai
reports which are broadcast may he.
advised regarding the type of set
which is hest fitted for that purpose
More than ~ sets Of different types
were tested by the Bureau. They
were subjected ia very rough treat
ment. being shaken and Jared in
averN possible manner in stimulation of
the shocks which would he received
in transit and We're then examined for
damage. such as unSoldered connec-
tions on displaced parts. They We're
also tested for sensitivity and selec-
tivity. The sets We're rated on i've
points: SenSitivity. selectivfiN, sim
iplicity Of operation. ability to cover
the broadcast band from 200 to $50
meters and rugged construction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19

is what radio frequencies are, change
its mind so frequently when passing
through wire that 1t doesn't have
much opportunity to become acquaint-
ed. 1t just skins over the wire.
No Current in Center.
IF you were to cut a cross-section
in a wire and could mea sure the loca-
ton of the current flowing through
it, YOU would find that when charging
it with radio frequencies there
wouldn't be any current at all in the
center. 1t would be all along the sur
face-along the skin of the wire.
These alterna tons may he at the rat e
of a half million or more times a. sec
ond. so YOU readily can appreciate
that there isn't going to be much time
for them to penetrate into the center
of any wire over which they are trav-
cling. They are fortunate to be able
to stay on the wire at all. From this
YOU can understand why radio fire.
quencieS can jump insulation and why
they can develop such powerful mag.
netic fields in set
IF You see what I mean by this
skin effect business YOU will under.
stand why a given wire will handle
direct current with less resistance
than II takes alternating current. If
the alternating current flows only
along the surface of the wire the eff
feet is the same as if the wire were
smaller
In handling radio frequencies, too,
YOU must remember that the shorter
the wave length and the higher the
rate of alterations of the radio en-
ergy, the less effective any given wire
is as a conductor and the more re-
sistance it will show. That Is why
YOU want to know, in buying coils
just what resistance they show for the
sort of wave lengths for which YOU
will need to use them. And you can't
afford to accept any vague rating Of
the ohmic resista nee of the coil. The
coil may show twice as much resist
ance for radio freauencies as for di-
rect current"
BY this time Smith was doing a lit
tie genuine thinking and the mystery
OF the skin effect" seemed in a fair
way to he solved.
Next Week, No. 83: Receptive Moods.
Downright nv the TTllmar Feature Service !
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19

been found for radio. there are many
possibilities which only the farsighted
scientists can predict and only the
skilled and experienced engineers can
carry out. Both these forecasters and
these practical benefactors admit that
there still remains considerable mys-
terry in the radio science. TO the lay
man probably the most remarkable
thing about radio Is that it works at
all. bringing him entertainment and
instruction out of the air, practically
free Of cost. He does not understand
it. and, unless he is the type which
develops into an amateur, he never
attempts to. Which. perhaps. is just
as well. since it requires very long
time to master this remarka BILE means
of communicating through space.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
King of Siam Dims Lights.

BANGKOK, Siam. August Is Cor
respondence,.-NiCht life in Siam was
bright affair under the reign or
the late King Rama, according to the
government audit of the royal deficit
of $3.750,O0 About $500 a day was
spent for electric light In the royal
establishment Annual expenditures
tipok hopes to cut his expenditures to
So. SOC, 900 for the present year. Sir
Edward Cook. financial advisor. drily
reports that some saving of eXpendi-
ture' Is expected in the electric light
bill"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
RADIO WAVE TESTS
TO Be CONDUCTED
General Electric Stations Will
Have Systematic Winter
Experiments.

A busy season Of experiment
broadcasting on both long and short
waves is to be conducted this Winter,
beginning within the next few weeks,
by the General Electric Co., accord
ing to plans announced yesterday.
Fifteen licenses authorizing the use
Of variety of wave lengths from 3
to 379.5 meters have been assigned to
the General Electric stations and per-
mission granted to conduct expert
ments at any power desired and at
almost any frequency.
Wave Length Selection.
1t is expected that through the use
Of one or more of the wave lengths. a
medium will be found that will pro-
vide comparatively consistent trans
mission of broadcast programs to all
parts of the earth. The record trans
mission Of a broadcast program is
held at present by station 2XAF, one
of the Is stations whose programs
were picked up last Spring in
Joha nnesburg. South Africa, and in
Perth, Australia, being rebroadcast in
both cities. The same programs were
rebroadcast throughout the British
Isles by the British broadcasting COM
pany stations. The wave length that
carried these programs and which
provided the record transmission Is
32.79 meters.
Changes by Stations.
Several changes have been made in
the wave lengths used by others of
the General Electric stations, 2XAD
operating now on 20 and &c meters;
2XX, heard previously on 109. 100
and 65 meters, now being operated
pnrio6icaIIv on 140 METERS Station
2XAH, the high wave station, has
temporarily settled on 1,40O meters
for its signals.
The other licensed General Electric
stations are 2XAW, which uses the
lowest waves-between and 20
meters; 2XO, 2XH. 2XAC, 2XAZ,
2XAK. 2XAG, 2XAM, 2XI and 2XAE.
The fifteenth station is the regular
brOa dca st err WGY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Tube Tests Established.

Specifications for radio tubes to be
used by the various Government serv-
ices have been established by the
Federal Specifications Board with a
view to securing more uniformity and
better construction of the tubes used
by the Navy and other departments
Tubes used by the Government. par
ticularly in the Navy. and on aircraft
operate under conditions vastly more
difficult than are encountered by tubes
used in broadcasting receivers, and,
while the Government specified tions
will result in the production of the
highest possible types of tubes, it is
ufacturers will follow the same speci-
fications in producing tubes for the
general public.
One of the tests which tubes Of
fered for Government use must meet
is that of a vibrating machine. which
administers all manner of jars and
iolts to a receiver in which tubes are
placed, Stimulating the shocks which
would be encountered in portable sets.
on vessels. in the air or under other
unusual circumstances.
Other tests cover insulation resist
ance, filament rating, gas test. grid
characteristic test and mutual CON
ductance test, while physical exam
nation covers the contact pins, insu-
la ting disc, bulb area. markings, pos
sible sag of grid or filament. etc.
The tubes will be required to pass
very rigorous tests, including one Of
500 hours burning for determination
of grid characteristics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
RADIO GOSSIP AND NEWS

alton of these stations for aircraft,
it Is anticipated, will be followed by
the installation of other stations
throughout the country as aviation
progresses.
The Navy dirigible Los Angeles will
be used to calibrate the radio compa SIS
stations. it has been announced, and
has already performed this service
for the eight compass stations on the
New England coast.
The Nays compass service is be-
ing used extensively by vessels of all
classes. over 10000 bearings being
given last year. 1t is anticipated that
with the expansion of the service SO
as to give bearings to aircraft the
stations will be kept almost con-
stantly busy within a compare lively
short time. The service, of course,
will be of inestimable value to avi-
ators. particularly in foggy and
stormy weather; when atmospheric
conditions prevent pilots from deter
mining their location by landmarks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
No. 81: The "Skin Effect"

Smith had been reading some liter
allure concerning the superiority of a
particular make of coil when he
noticed that it's merits seemed to he
rated in terms of it's low resistance
value. This started him thinking. and
specializing.
Here was an electrical unit de-
signed to handle a type of electric cur
rent that could penetrate steel vaults,
glass. brick walls and travel thou
sands of miles In all directions. and
vet individuals were worrying over
the resistance this kind of current
might have to overcome when dash
ing through small coil.
Why worry about resistance when
dealing with such an amazingly active
kind nf energy? Why consider a lit
tie extra resistance in a NINA ture coil
when there is all the ether, all the
antenna. all the set wiring, all the
radiator pipes and all the ground for
radio energy to pass through
Smith simply couldn't see it. And
then to make matters worse l eN-
planned to him that it was largely due
To a phenomenon commonly known as
the skin effect"
What do YOU mean skin effect?
he asked.
THE skin effect is popularity Of
radio frequencies as they pass
through wires" | explained But
youll never get it straight until YOU
understand the difference between d.
rect and alternating currents.
Travels on Wire Surface.
Direct current the kind that goes
only one way. has much easier time
of it travelling through wire. If YOU
take a thick wire and touch an cleo
trically charged wire to the center of
= cross section OF it YOU will find that
the current travels not merely
through the middle Of the wire hut
also out to it's edge. Repeat the eX-
pertinent. hut touch the charged wire
to the outside of the thick wire and
the latter will carry the current
straight 10 the center as well.
This is quite the opposite of what
YOU would expect If YOU know little
a bout the characteristics Of the two
different kinds of current. Since alter
mating current demonstrates itself as
being SO much more active. more un-
bile than the direct Kind YOU
would think that the former would
saturate wire more quickly than the
latter. but that isn't the case at all.
Here is the less flexible direct current,
ca pable of going only one way, satu'
rating a wire completely. The reason
il directly attributable to its steadler
action. 1t has more time to ADJUST
IL self to its new environment
Now alternating current is like
the go-cetter' who does business with
a lot Of merchants but who goes hack
and forth over his territory so err
that he really doesn't get TO
know any of them very well,
steadier fellow might work in much
smaller territory and vet know more
ne rchants and perhaps do more bus.-
ness. An alternating current, which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Big Stars to Re Heard.

An impressive group of stars OF the
first magnitude will he offered the
radio public by A. Atwater Kent dur
ing the winter series of Sunday pro-
grams which will begin October 3. II
is planned to have the coming Winter
season exceed even the standard set
last year, when Mr.. Kent produced
his first programs.
Among those already scheduled for
early appeara in the new Atwater
Kent series are such stars as Frances
Aida, Lucrezia Bori, Nine: schu.
mann Heink, Frieda Hempel, Josef
Hofmann, Edward Johnson, Albert
Spalding, Maria Kurenko, Louise
Homer. Reinald Werrenrath, Mar
garet Matzenauer, Mary Lewis, Rosa
Ponselle and Charles Hackett.
Through an arrangement with the
METROPOLITAN Grand Opera Company
of a sort never before effected by any
outside agency, Mr.. Kent has secured
the call on the services OF the artists
of that great organization for radio
appearances. This connection will en-
able him to- put on the air, in the
of artists not heretofore available for
broa dca sting because of their engage
ments with the Metropolitan.
The new series OF Atwater Kent
programs will be on the air each
SUNDAY night from 9:15 to 1915 o'clock
Eastern standard time. They will be
broadcast through a hook-up of Is
stations. as follows: WEAF. New
York: WAR. Providence; WEEP.
Boston; WSAI. Cincinnati; WRC.
Washington: WCCO. Minneapolis-St.
Paul: WEAR. Cleveland; WLIB, Chi
cago: WIFI and WOO. alternating. at
Philadelphia: WCAE. Pittsburgh;
WGR. Buffalo: voc, Davenport:
WTAG, Worcester; -KSD. st. Louis.
and WWJ, Detroit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Irish to Mint Coins.

Ireland is to mint her own coins for
the first time in hundred years. The
law assimilatng 1reland's currency
with that of England was passed in
1928. but the Free State Parliament
recently decided TO establish a token
silver. nickel and copper coinage for
amounts up to 40 shillings about 500.
Eminent artists have been asked to
assist the government in the designs
of the new coins. The first Irish coins
were struck by the Danish kings of
Dublin in the tenth or eleventh cen
fury, and in medieval times there were
rtints in Dublin, Waterford, Tuan and
Drcugheda-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
FIRST SUPERHETERODYNE
STILL IN USE HERE
Set Built by Maj. Armstrong Eight
Years Ago Is in Historical
Collection.

The first superheterodyne radio re-
ceiver, built by Maj. E. Fl. Armstrong
of the United States Signal Corps in
a laboratory in Paris in 1918, is still
in operation in Washington.
The set was built by Maj. Arm
strong to prove the practicability of
the new type of receiver which he had
invented. 1t is now in the historical
collection of the Signal Corps in the
office of the chief signal officer.
Although the superheterodyne of to-
day uses the same principles as were
evolved by Maj. Armstrong eight
years ago, there is, of course, a vast
difference in appea rance. the original
set having the tubes placed on top
of the cabinet, using storage batteries.
and being considerably larger than
the "parlor" superheterodyne now
produced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
RECEIVERS ARE LIMITED.
Greece Bans Private Sets That Can

Evidently the Greek government is
planning 10 use the higher radio wave
lengths for official business and does
not want any one listening in. The use
of all privately owned radio receiving
sets capable of picking M messages
transmitted on 1000 meters or over
has been prohibited. Owners of such
apparatus have been ordered I" bring
their sets to the telegraph. telephone
and postal service to have them adj
iusted, so they will not receive above
1000 meters.
II the Greek fans possess any curl
Dsitv at all. il is believed. some of
them will he tempted Ia tinker With
their sets, even after adjustments are
made, to see what is on the air that
they shouldn't hear.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
John Smith and His Radio
BY FREDERICK C.. RUSSELL


benefited is
Smith has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Africa Vetoes Charleston.

JOHANNESBURG. August Il cor
respondencel-The Charleston is bad
for runners in that il checks speed
by punching leg muscles. local attn
letic coaches and athletes contend
IN their war on he new dance. il is
sa!d that the Charleston has declined
81 popularity ~ result * this charge
against T.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
ISSUE RADIO SAFETY CODE.
Government Experts Compile In
stallation Handbook.

Safety rules for radio installations
have Just heen issued by the Bureau
of Standards in the form of 4 hand
book supplemening the National
Electrical Safety Code.
The work provides rules for the in
staIlation of transmitting stations,
electrical supply stations, etc. and the
construction Of antennas. These rules
were formulated and approved by a
sectional committee organized accord
ing to the rules of procedure Of the
American engineering standards com.
nttteeS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
To Extend Compass Service.

Efforts of the Government to en-.
courage commercial aviation will be
furthered by the expansion of the
radio compass stations of the Navy
Department so az to furnish to air.
craft the same compass service as Is
now furnished to ships at sea.
The stations which will be used for
this service are all located along the
Atlantic coast. and. being elaborated
for service seward only. 1t will be
necessary to calibrate them landward
as we'll before the proposed service
can be inaugurated. Successful cper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
No Loidy.

From the London Humorist.
AN when Mrs. Grubbs sez you
wasn't no loidy, wot did yer say"
II SEE, Two negatives means a in
firmary' and knocks 'er down."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Some Progress.

From the New York Herald.
The difference between the woman
of today and the woman Of yester.
day Is that the formers hair Is off
all the time. while the latters was off
only at night
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19

A worldwide project to determine
the accuracy of present longitude
lines will be undertaken October / by
the Naval Observatory, one of the
results of which will be to prove or
disprove the theory that the CONT
nents are drifting apart.
At least seven powerful radio sta
tions in various parts Of the world
will transmit time signals to be en-
ployed in comparing clocks and
chronometers at various points swhere
astronomical observations will be
made. Both long waves and short
waves will be used by these stations
as a precaution to insure the signals
at specified intervals of the day, re-
CARELESS of atmospheric disturbances.
While the chief object of the work
is to determine the accuracy of the
ablished lines of longitude. scien-
fists engaged in the project also con-
slider It a oppOrtune time for testing
the validity of the theory that the
continents are drifting, which has
been developed as a result Of astro-
nomical observations. advanced by
Prof. Alfred Wegener, an Aus
trian geophysicist. This theory will
not he proved or disproved by the one
radio observation. it is explained, but
similar Investigations undertaken at
five or ten year intervals will ulti-
mately show whether there is any
difference in the distance between the
various continents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
RADIOS BEST OFFERINGS
TONIGHT.

LoNlCI1 l..
Musical program by Mai.
Edward Bowes and the Capt
tol Family" direct from Capt.
toll Theater, New York City,
WRC, WEAF and other sta
tons, $40 to 8:15 o'clock.
Play, "Ingomar, the Bar
barian," WGBs, $50 to $50
Paul Christianson's Hotel
Fort Des Moines Orchestra,
WHO, $50 to $50 o'clock.
Atwater Kent. program. fea-.
turing John Corigliano, violin
list, and Allen McQuhae, tenor,
with orchestra, WRC, WEAF
and other stations, Sis to
8:45 o'clock.
All-American Pioneer
WENR, $50 to II o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19
Local Radio Entertainment
Sunday, Sept. 10, 1926.

sNAA-Naval Radio Station, Radio,
Va. 1855 MpterSl.
1905 am. and 1905 Weat her
reports.
9;65 p.m.-Time signals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-19

Next Week. No. 83: Receptive Moods.
Copyright by the Cllman Feature Service
Evening star., 1926-10-26
ARTS CLUB MINSTRELS.
Program Tonight Marks Opening
Of Dramatic Season.

The Arts Club of Washington in.
augurateS It's dramatic season tonight
with a return to first principles. and
it presents an old-time minstrel show,
participated in by members of the
club Against a striking black and
white background curtain the per
formance will be given under the di-
rection Of Edward E. Muth, follow
ing the tradition of the blackface en-
tertainment of years ago. James Otis
Porter will be interlocutor. with Harry
Angelica. Edward E. Muth, John d.
Long and Bob Carbauh as end men.
The gentlemen OF the circle" will be
Charles T. Tittmann, William A.
Sweet. Fulton Lewis, l.. NJ. Leisen-
ring, james A. Barr and Henry J..
Staley.
Following the established form Of
minstrelsy. there will be period Of
jesting, anecdotes and repartee of his.
toric authenticity, interspersed with
songs. The program will conclude
with an oleo. with Mrs. Agnes Wick
ersha1n, George O'Connor. Ben Cain
and Charles Hayes participating. The
performance will be repeated tomor-
row night, on which occasion Earl
Carbauh will replace Mr.. Tittmann.
These performances are open to men,
bers Of the club and invited guests.