davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
OFFICERS TO
FACE BOARD
Five Suspended - Bride
Taking Is Alleged.

With four patrolmen suspended on
charges of accepting liquor and to-
bacco as brides for not reporting
liquor violations on their beats, and
another officer suspended because OF
alleged intoxication, Police Chief
Claude #. Johnson today said he had
nothing more to do with the matter
until Tuesday. when he will present
charges against the five before the
board Of safety.
The four patrolmen whom Pros
ecutor William II. Remy says ac-
cepted brides and who were sus-
pended Friday afternoon. were:
Charles u. Hughes, Arthur Low,
Jesse McCarty and William Hans
ford
Patrolman F'ronzo Wagner, found
in an alleged intoxicated condition,
was suspended by Inspector Claude
Morley. A group. including Remy,
Johnson, board OF safety members
and judges, discussed better law en-
forcement Friday night at dinner
at the Columbia Club.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09

finally In one was her money!
Another subscriber, man, banked
$50 in his directory 1t was found
after extended search. This hunt
was more difficult as the identified
ton was penciled name on the
cover.
Yes. people store all sorts Of
things in the old books" commented
Paul P. Baker. division supervisor
of directories. Last year, we found
"a $1,000 bond and combs. pencils.
letters and all sorts of small articles.
The company distributed 5000
new books in the past week, and
collected about 10000. They had
eleven foremen. with fifteen men I'M
der each foreman. All reported
finding lost article. which are re-
turned to owners. whenever pos
sible.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
OF
fire WILL BE
BROUGHT OUT
Department Chief to Have
Message Carried to
Schools, Factories.

Horace F. Carey, fire prevention
department chief. announced today
that the message OF fire hazards will
be told in schools, large factories ard
to the STATS Of the large hotels. by
a lecture committee that he now is
organizing.
More lives can be snuffed out
within a short time by fire than by
any other thing / know Of" said
Carey, land intend to make In
dianapolis as free from danger as
Is hums.nly possible" Carey re-
Gently was appointed by the Duvall
adminisl ration.
Survey Downtown
Carey is working with his inr
spectors a survey of the mile
square downtown district and is
finding some fire traps and we'll
kept buildings also.
THE public would be surprised
to know the fine condition some Of
the hotels are In" he said
Mrs. Maize Gipe, Carey's secre-
tary, win head the list Of lecturers
who will talk to school children.
The staff will include good speakers
recruited from the fire houses near
the schools. The "A. h. C.s' Of
safety viii be given. Fire drills at
the schools win be rehearsed.
To Instruct Employees
Hotel employees will be taught to
watch carefully to see that all exit
lights are in order, fire extin-
guishers in working condition and
exits kept free. Factory employees
likewise will be given fire drills, and
taught to keep their working places
free from debris.
Carey said that no comdemnatt,n
proceedings would be brought
against any building until he looked
over the structure with his in
spectors.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
ACCIDENT TOLL
RISES TO FOUR
FOR THIS YEAR
Closer Watch on Caharets
Promised by Chief,
After Death.

Auto accident fatalities for this
year stood at four today following
the death of Robert McCardle, %.
of 1855 Park Ave, at the city hospi-
tai late Friday.
Police Chief Claude F. johnson
today. following the death, said that
a closer watch would be kept on all
Negro cabarets and resorts
McCardle received fatal injuries
Dec. IS, when the auto in which he
was riding, driven by Norman
Barthel. 20, of 140 r. Wabash ST.,
at high rate of speed. crashed into
street car at Wabash and Illinois
SITS. Barthel was killed and Misses
Catherine Forte, IS, Of 1903 e. Wash
ington ST.. and Dorothy Woodstock,
81. OF 2541 Shelby St., were serious
ly injured
Police started a cleanup of In
diana Ave. when it was learned that
the two couples had just left the
Hollywood cabaret, a Negro resort
in the 500 block on the avenue.
Friends said they had not been
drinking.
George Abrams. Hollywood pro
prietor. was arrested Tuesday by
Sergeant Helm and squad for vio-
lating the dance hall ordinance, but
was freed in city court when he
presented dance licenses for every
day Of the week. which would allow
him to continue dancing after mid
night.
Sergt. Rachel Schier said that
dance licenses would be issued to
Abrams one at a time. and that
they must be procured twenty four
hours before the dance. This will
curb midnight dancing. it was
said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
DEMOCRATS TO ELECT
Joel A. Baker Slated Again for
President.

With only one ticket in the field,
reelection of Indiana Democratic
Club officers next Monday seems as
sured. Officers Endorsed on the d.
rectors ticket
Joel A. Baker, president; Bernard
Korbly and Mrs. L. Ert Slack. vice
presidents; Joseph j. Ryan, treas
urer; Edward W. Hohlt, secretary,
and all of the present directors.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
State Gets Back
Federal Taxes
7fmes Wdshin0ton Bureau.
1899 NetO York Apenue.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 9.-In-
diana gets back about IL per
cent of the money which her
citizens pay In Federal taxes,
in the form OF State road aid,
and other subsidies, according
to a table inserted in the Con-
gressional Record, by Senator
David A. = Reed Of Penn
sylvania.
The States citizens paid
1884 $4,000 to the Government
in taxes, Reeds table shows,
and get back $4.564,0 in aid.
Road aid made by far the
largest Federal contribution,
with $4,1S4,000. Other items
were for cooperative agri-
cultural work, vocational ed
ucational, vocational rehabiilta-
tion, and maternity and In
fancy aid brought the rest Of
the Federal funds.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
KHAN AFTER
ANOTHER One
Statistician Says She viii
Not RESIGN.

A Khan comeback after the
heavy triumph Of George V. Coffin,
Republican city chairman, in city
appointments was deemed likely by
politicians today.
Interest centers in the fight of
a few Khan leaders to GUST Mrs.
Maud Starr Reed as building depart
ment statistician, and to substitute
Mrs. Clara o. Oxley, former board of
works clerkw. Mrs. Reed denied re-
ports she would resign. following a
request from Claude Mccoy. board
Of safety secretary.
The Khan also seeks to Dust Traf-
fic Inspector Michael ]. Glenn, Fire
Prevention Chief Horace Carey and
Marketmaster Earl Garrett.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
Son Wires Father
He Is Safe

N7AY IGOR, Palace Theater
Tx moving picture machine
D operator. like Mark
Twain, geographically reported
to his father, J. f. Izor, SEN
ate Ave. and Vermont St., gro
Ger. Friday night that the re-
port of his death was greatly
exaggerated.
Izor, his wife and her brotf&r,
Charles Bruner. started for
Davenport. Iowa, Thursday
night by automobile. Friday
they were reported to have
been in a serious auto wreck
en- route. by an excited woman
who called Burners brother,
Harry. at the Cole Motor Com
pany plant. The source ,of the
call never was learned. Accord
ing to Izor's telegram, sent
from Davenport, the party ar
rived without mishap.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
GARAGE PLANS o. K.
City Market Proposal to Be Submit
ted to Safety Board. y

Plans for a garage in the base
ment Of the city market and for the
Improvement Of stands have been
approved by the Indianapolis Mar
ket Association and will be sub
mitted to the board of safety Tues
day for final approval, Earl s. Gar
rett, marketmaster, said today.
Garrett intends to ask the board
for funds to build the garage and
repair the roof and paint the ceiling
of the market house.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
JUDGE ORDERS
BARBER trial
0verruIes States Motion to
Dismiss Charge.
Bp United Press

BIZ United Press
BRAZIL, Ind, Jan. 9.-Judga
Hutchinson in the Clay County Court
today overruled the States motion
to dismisses the Indictment against
Edward Berber OF Terre Haute.
Berber was recently granted a
new trial by the State Supreme
Court, following his conviction and
sentence to death for the murder OF
Detective Steve Kendall.
After the new trial was ordered
the prosecution decided not to press
the case against Kendall.
In overruling the motion to dis
miss, Judge Hutchinson held that
the petition failed to comply with
the statutes by giving a reason for
dismissal.
The trial was set for March 1.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
BARBER may
PLEAD GUILTY
New Move in Murder Case
Is Expected.

Louis owens. held in Jail on a
charge of numbering George Robin
son, more than a year ago, probably
VIII plead guilty to manslaughters
Prosecutor william H. Remy said
today. Owens has been tried twice
in Criminal Court on the murder
charge. Each time the jury dis.
agreed.
1t is understood Charles J.
Or0ison, owens attorney, has con-
ferred with Remy and agreed to
enter a plea of guilty to man.
slaughter. owens was to go to trial
Monday, but a continuance was
granted. owens is alleged to have
stabbed Robinson with a pair of
seirrosrs in a downtown department
store, where both were BARRIERS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
WORKS BOARD
INVESTIGATES
OLD CONTRACT
Study of City Engineer Not
to Affect Downtown
Lighting Program.

Downtown lighting systems will
not be affected by the order OF the
new board Of works to halt all light
installations until City Engineer
George c. Schmidt investigates the
contracts Of the retiring board.
NJ. X. Foxworthy, Merchants Heat
and Light Company manager, said
practically all downtown lights had
been installed He said the com
pany was governed in all installa-
tons by the board.
Dissatisfaction Expressed
Lem II. Trotter, board member,
at a meeting Friday, expressed dis
satisfaction at that part OF the con-
tract which says the city pays $40
a year a foot for lights farther apart
than 100 feet. Board members said
they believed most lights were from
los to 100 feet apart.
However, Foxworthy said 100 feet
is a fair average distance.
Roy c. Shaneberger, board presi-
dent, Friday ordered immediate
elimination Of lights ordered for
Norwaido addition; priced at sa.e75.
Investigation Warranted
why, there are no houses there
and we don't propose to illuminate
the country" he SAID.
This board is going into this en-
tire lighting situation thoroughly
and am inclined to think the situa-
don warrants an investigation"
Oren s. Hack, Democratic board
member, concurred in views of his
colleagues and criticised waste in
buying surveyors stakes. He said
they should not remain in the
ground. but should be uprooted and
used again.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
sPRY AT 90, WINS SUIT
BIZ Untted Press

BIZ UHfFeU PFe88 N
CHICAGO, Jan. 9.-Julius Klose.
SO. of Whiting, Ind, was awarded
verdict in court today which pro-
vides that his former landlady must
pay him a $1,000 debt, he alleged she
owed him.
Mrs. Charlotte Haag, the former
landlady, said that she was forced
to care for Klose because OF his age.
Klose denied this and offered to 60
buck and wing for the jury to
prove his sprightliness.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
PARTNERSHIP CHANGES
O'Brien and Buck Firm VIII Be
Manufacturers Representatives.

Partnership of Small and O'Brien.
manufacturers representatives. 402
Chamber of Commerce Bldg, VIII be
succeeded by O'Brien and Buck, 1t
was announced today.
William H. O'Brien and John r.
Buck are members of the firm No
change of personnel or policy will
be made as both have been connected
with the business for some time.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09

treasurer. Elmer Lusher was re-
named marshall
Woodruff Place was incorporated
about 1860 TO prevent cows from
nearby dairy from overruning prop
erty.
indianapolis was only a village
in those days. The late Mr.. Wood
ruff, who laid out the plat, went
broke shortly afterward. The pres
ent town hall is about thirty years
DID,. dis SAID.
woodruff Place, the town within
city, pays Indianapolis $4,000 an
nually for police and fire protection,
and about $4,000 for schools.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
JARDINE SEES HOPE
Believes Dickinson Bill win Solve
Farm Problem.

BIZ NEA Service
WASHINGTON, Jan. s.--Secre-
tary of Agriculture Jardine sees a
solution, in the perplexing farm re-
lief problem in the Dickinson bill
with reservations. These reserva-
lions, he expects to work out in the
next few days in conferences with
farm leaders economists and bust
ness men. The Dickinson bill, in
troduced in the House this week, pro-
vides for the handling Of the. export
able surplus if fundamental farm,
products through cooperative orf
CARNATIONS without Government in
reference.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
P0LICEW0MAN a.RESIGNS
Mrs. Irma ByTum Asks to Leave De
partment.

Resignation of Mrs. Irma Byrum.
1926 Central Ave-, policewoman, will
be submitted to board of, safety Tues
day. Mrs. Byrum, who was APP
pointed to the force Jan. 3, 1921.
gave her resignation to Police Chief
Claude f. Johnson Friday.
Mrs. Byrum, who has a good rec
ord, said domestic duties would not
permit her to continue. She for
merly patroled the. city market and
was assigned to bus stations this
month
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
IN STREET CAR CRASH

John Higdon, 145O King Ave-, is
suffering today at city hospital with
head injuries received late Friday
when an auto he was driving
with an outbound w. Tenth
street car at King Ave. and
Tenth st.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
DECISION TO BE GIVEN
DR.. Taylor win Announce Action on
Call Week From Sunday.

The Rev. Frederick e. Taylor OF
the First Baptist Church will an
nounce from the pulpit week from
Sunday whether he will accept the
passionate Of the Grace Baptist Tenn
ple Of Philadelphia, offered his New
Years day, he said today. The east.
ern pastorate is considered the most
important ministerial post in the
church.
Resolutions asking DR.. Taylor TO
remain here were presented him by
every organization Of the church at
prayer meeting Thursday night. He
was given a large basket Of roses IN
appreciation of his services here.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09

NLD telephone directories, in
IL stead Of banks. Some per-
~ sons store their money in the
phone books, wv. E. Fisher Of 513
Z. New York ST., foreman in charge
Of the delivery Of new telephone d.
rectories Of Indiana Bell Telephone
Company and collection of old ones.
discovered the past few days.
Quick, quick! are you the man
who has the old directories?" a WON
an exclaimed. II stored $35 in my
old telephone book, and when the
man took away the book a couple
of hours ago forgot all about it,"
Some job, hunting that woman's
money!" Fisher commented, Had to
go through hundreds Of books. The
only reason we found it was the
woman had torn off the cover page.
We looked for a coverless book. and
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
INSPECTION ON FEB. 20
Raper Commandery. knights Tenn
pIar, to Have Annual Ceremony.

Annual inspection OF Raper Com
mandery No, /, Knights Templar,
win be held Feb. 20, according to
Granville A. Richey, newly elected
president of the drill corps.
Elwood Barnard, grand inspector
general Of Indiana will take part. L.
p. Newly past grand master. DIR.
George Hitchcock, grand comman-
der, William Suchow. grand captain
general, and several other high Tenn
plar officers will be there.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
SHANK MAY ENTER RACE
Former Mayor Considers Running
for Congress,
'Maybe ri run Tor Congress. .

Maybe I'll run Tor Congress.
Former Mayor Shank, said by po-
litical leaders to contemplate entering
the race to succeed Ralph e. Updike
in the Republican primary, went
that far, today.
Politicians say Shank hopes the
Khan will back him in the race as
a sideline on their main assault
against George V. Coffin, Republican
city chairman.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
CIVIC LEADER is DEAD
e. v. Hawkins Was Pioneer Man.
ufacturer at ConnersviIIe.

BIZ United Press
CONNERSVILLE, Ind, Jan. g.
Arrangements for the funeral OF f..
". Hawkins. zS, veteran furniture
manufacturer and civic leader who
died Friday, were being completed
today.
Hawkins wasN one OF the best
known residents Of the city and
served as a member of the school
board for thirty.three years. retiring
voluntarily last year.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
HIGHER RATE ORDERED
Mt. Vernon Grain Company Loses
Railroad Fight.
Times Woshin0ton bureau.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 9.-The In
terstate Commerce Commission has
refused to hold up higher freight
rates on grain and screenings from
Mt. Vernon, Ind, to Jeffersonville,
Madison and New Albany.
The commission today released an
order by which a rate Of 15s5 cents
per 100 pounds takes the place Of a
rate of Ills cents. The Home Mill
and Grain Company Of Mt. Vernon
had protested the increase, scheduled
by the Illinois Central Railway.
The railway said the lower rate
was an error. The higher one goes
into effect Immediately.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
ROBBERY IS CHARGED
Detectives Say Men Held Up
Restaurant Night Manager.

George Gillian, 20. Of $50 Virginia
Ave, and Earl Mcneil, "a, of 436 L.
Ohio ST., today were reslated on
robbery charges.
Detectives say Dec. 90. they en-
tered the Echo restaurant, 1915
Madison Ave, and robbed Edith
Plummer, night manager. Of $1S.40,
and Archie Crosby Of Greenwood OF
a small sum.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09

-
and East Drives.
Woodruff Place, is
contemplated by
the new town
board, the Rev.
II. IT. Graham, re-
elected president,
announced.
Work on the
brick veneer bun
galow is lex
pected to start
next spring. The
building will also
be used as a COM
munity center.
Rev. Graham
announced Milton
F. Fo x worthy,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
SMALLPOX AT TAMPA

BU Times Special
TAMPA, Fla, Jan. 9.--F'ive new
cases of smallpox were reported to
city health authorities today, MAX
ing a total OF thirty eight known
cases.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09

and Light Company manager, new
trustee, will be town purchasing
agent. Joseph Hulva, a trustee, is
flower chairman. John M. DIS start
ed his third term as secretary
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
Baby's face and back
covered with eczema
Resinol stopped itching quickly
and healed blisters

II am writing to tell you Of the
wonderful benefit Resinol has been
to my baby, who had a bad case
of eczema The skin on her face
and back was very red at first,
and in a few days broke out in
little blisters. The itching was
awful and made the child very
cross. / tried one preparation
that had been highly recommended,
but it did her no good. then
bought jar of Resinol ONT
nent and cake of Resinol Soap
and the itching stopped after the
first treatment. In a few days the
red look was gone
and in a very short ssssszsss2
s s'ss VS. e. nssssalsEzisss;5
q o p - -
r ,esi-
mol in my homeH' (SigneO Mrs. l..
J Carter. 165 Union ST., Salem, Va,
Feb. Acknowledgement.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
Woodruff Place to Build
NelO SIC, 900 Tot0n Hall
New Town Board Announces
Plans for Building on
Clubhouse Site.

Erection OF a $4,000 town hall
on the site OF the present club
bo,,oo 81 C,.oce,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
BOYS TO HEAR TALK
Doing Your Bit to Be Discussed
At Y. NJ. G. A. Sunday.

A meeting for boys only will be
held at the r. NJ G. A. auditorium
at 2:30 Sunday afternoon. L. II.
Cooper will discuss Doing Your
Bit
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1926-01-09
COLLEGE SEEKS HEAD

Bu United Press
FIT. WAYNE, Ind. Jan. "A for
NAL invitation to accept the presi-
dency OF Valparaiso University was
sent today to DIR. w. III. II. Dau. pro-
fessor Of Concordia Seminary at st.
Louis, by the board Of directors of
Lutheran University Association.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09
SANTA TO DECIDE ON TOYS
 FOR NEXT CHRISTMAS FAIR

NEW YORK, Feb. g. P)-T e playthings which Santa Claus will leave on his visit next Christmas will be decided upon at the annual Toy Fair of the United States, open ing here tomorrow.
 MT. Kringle, with the hundreds of buyers from this and other countries, has to select the favorite toys early in the year so that the manufactur- CTS may know what to make.
 'In the selection of toys local col or plays an important role,' said H. D. Clark, secretary of the Toy Fair Chamber of Commerce. Although many of them enjoy general popular 1! ity the country over, the play spirit of some sections finds an outlet very different from that in other parts.
 For example, the toy buyers from Boston, New York, Philadelphia and other large cities of the East stock up heavily on fire engines, automo- piles and similar appartus. Play
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09
BOOSTERS PLAN TO SELL
 MAINE TO SOUTHERNERS

PORTLAND, Feb. g. (P)-Headed by Gov. and Mrs. Ralph o. Brewster, a party of 154 citizens will leave to- morrow on a twenty-day pilgrimage to sell Maine to the South.
 A special train will carry the boos- ters through Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Louisiana and Virginia during which many stops will be made so that efforts may be made to attract the thousands who winter in the Southland to spend he summer in Maine, not only for recreational pleasures but also for industrial in- vestment.
 The party also will learn first hand what the South has to offer that would be of benefit to Maine. Stops will be made in Washington and New York en route. The trip is being made in conjunction with the general Maie Development Program upon which the state has been working for the past year.
 Richmond, Atlanta, Miami, Tampa, New Orleans, Southern Pines, Savan- nah Montgomery Coral Gables Jack sonville and many other cities have made extensive preparations for en- | tertaining the party.
 At each city, an exhibit car con- taining products of Maine's indus tries will be opened to the public.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09

thing buyers from Omaha and other points in the west make big purchas- es of horses and wagons, stuffed anil mals and the like. Even in dolls one finds variations in popularity. Bob-haired dolls find special favor in Chicago. In the far west, however, the old-fashioned doll, with hood and gingham dress, still holds its own"
 The fair will last until March 6 and during that time the buyers will place orders for approximately half of the toys needed for the holiday seasons ten months away.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09

With the closing of filing for the primary election in the Fourth division i've men, all Republicans, had filed for offices. The filing, all for the house of representative include J. Groves, Fred B. Johnston, Thomas McCroskey, H. H. Ross and Joseph Ulmer.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09

Rufus Rothrock, boy student at a polytechnic school in Portland, Ore, has made radio receiver that works, and is only about the size of silver dollar.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09

A Utica editor ayers that "since the undress fashion began, certain diseases have completely disappear ed.' Including, we assume, poor eyesight.
Seward daily gateway., 1926-02-09

Willie Doland of Pomaria, s. O., has won a silver loving cup valued at $1,50O in competition with boy corn growers of eight Southern states.