davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-03-21

as compared with it's predecessor,
the Sixty-eighth Congress. OF the
rs changes in the House member
ship resulting from the election of
1924, 20 are found to have been vol.
untary Withdrawals and two resigna.
tions, or 80 per cent of the total turn
over. Study also shows that the polit-
ical turnover represents only per
cent and for the last three Congresses
an average of only II per cent per
Congress. OF the present and pre-
ceding two Congresses the highest
per cent of political turnover was
i'm 1922 when is was IS per cent, and
the lowest per cent at the last
election.
This indicates that the great pre-
ponderance of the membership Of
the House, political and personal,
were returned by the people, and with.
out any change in policy.
This also should be emphasized,
among the 20 voluntary Withdrawals
were such distinguished and able leg.
islators as Samuel E. Winslow of
Massachusetts, chairman of the com.
mittee on interstate and foreign COM
merce; Homer P. Snyder Of New
York, chairman of the committee on
AlIdlIS, JOIlfl -. VnCheHZlS OIL
Illinois, acting chairman Of the COM
mittee on Military Affairs; Everett
Sanders, of Indiana, now private Sec
retary to the President; Sydney Ander.
son of Minnesota, an able parliament
tartan member of the appropriations
committee in charge of the Agricul-
ture appropriation bill. chairman of
the joint congressional committee on
agricultural inquiry. In the short ses-
sion they rendered just as devoted
and intelligent service as they would
have given had they not withdrawn
service.
Evening star., 1926-03-21

had to milk a COW. Could milk. yes;
but did not.
Col. John was never a farmer. He
owned a farm, but he either hired
man to run it or rented it on shares.
The big. comfortable white Coolidge
homestead opposite the store where
the President was born is built on a
corner of the farm that Col. Johns
father worked. But the farmhouse
had not been Col. Coolidge's home
since his boyhood.
The distinction between Col. Cool
idge, village banker and insurance
agent. and the hill farm neighbors.
is a very necessary one to make, to
understand either the colonel or the
President. The substantial magis-
trate. who could well afford to send
his son first to Black River Academy
and then to Amherst College, was of
different breed from those simple
farm neighbors. who needed the boys
in the fields before they finished dis
trict school, If the farm was not to
pass into the hands of Col. Johns
bank.
Character Was Cosmopolitan.
Yet they were the same breed
few generations back. Perhaps the
accident of location, at the crossroads
for one, and three miles up the
mountainside for the others, made the
difference. Or was 1t accident? What
ever it was, Col. Coolidge was not a
simple countryman. His character
Evening star., 1926-03-21
The Story the Week Has Told

One incident of the Taku episode re-
quires special notice. The shore bat
teries, under circumstances still OBJ
Scure, fired on two Japanese destroy
ers, wounding 10 Japanese. of whom
one has died. The Japanese govern
ment, which, since the Washington
conference, has constantly pursued a
policy of conciliation toward China, is
treating the matter as lightly as 1t
may. 1t is sending a note to Peklng
calling for an apology. the punishment
of those Immediately responsible and
Remuneration" Cthe word "indem-
nifty is avoided for the wounded; but
the nature of the punishment and the
amount Of remuneration are left up
to the Chinese government.
Young China resentS the action of
the powers respecting the Taku bust
ness. On Thursday malcontents eSti-
mated to number between 1000 and
5000. including representatives of the
Students Union, the General Labor
Union, the Kuomintang and the Dare
to Die Corps assembled in Peking
and passed resolutions demanding re-
lection of the ultimatum of the pow
ers. expulsion Of the foreign repre-
sentatives who signed it. an apology
by their governments. denunciation of
of foreign war vessels.
They then marched to the mansion
of the provisional President and de-
manded that he receive a delegation
of them. He sent out a refusal. A
clash followed between the demonstra-
tors and the personal guard of Tuan
Chi Jul. Ultimately the latter fired,
killing 80 persons (21 of them stu
dents. including two girls) and wound
ing about 90, half of them danger
ously.
1t is obvious how this affair might
haye consequences embarrassing to
the government. 1t is significant that
Kuominchun headquarters has issued
a statement disclaiming any connec-
tion with 1t. The government has for.
hidden mass meetings and has ordered
the arrest Of sundry radical leaders,
including the director of the Chino
Russian University. The fine Musco-
vite hand Is suspected.
X Y X X
The League.-The league council
is about to dispatch to our Govern
ment an invitation to send delegate
to Geneva to discuss with delegates
Of the states which adhere to
the World Court protocol Zone from
each state) the reservations to he
Senate resolution providing for par.
ticipation of our Government in the
World Court: the conference to take
place this September when assembly
and council are in session.
The league council has designated
May II as the date for the post.
poned first meeting Of the commission
which is to prepare the way for an
international disarmament confer
ence and in which our Government
has agreed to participate.
X X X X
MiscellaneOus.--Col. John Calvin
Coolidge, father Of the President, died
in Plymouth, VT. on Thursday.
The everlasting friction between
the Spanish government and the
Catalans is reported to be in a very
acute phase.
Bucharest University has been
closed until after Easter, because of
students strike in protest against
admission Of Jewish students
The Peruvian government having
demanded indefinite postponement
of registration for the Tacna- africa
plebiscite, the plebiscite commission
ordered postponement of commence.
ment Of the registration from March
- tQ MARCIA 81
Evening star., 1926-03-21

of surplus war materials considered
only their own advantage and made
the best bargains they could.
We do not state these facts in
any sritical spirit. They may have
been inevitable under the circum-
stances. We state them merely in
explanat ton of our conviction that
the Governments war losses are to
be attributed chiefly to the improvi-
dent and extra VACANT contracts rath-
I than to fraud.
The agents of the Government
who made and settled war contracts
and who sold surplus war products
were vested. and perhaps necessarily,
with the widest discretion. If, in
the exercise of that discretion. they
made improvident and wasteful con.
tracts which were neither fraudulently
induced nor fraudulently performed,
the Government must suffer the re-
slIting loss.
Fraud is not to be predicated upon
the superior bargaining power or
shrewdness of the contractor or upon
the inexperience or bad judgment of
the Government agent with whom
he dealt"
Evening star., 1926-03-21
BY ERIC PALMER.
Official American Observer. Internal
Broadcast Tests

Official American Observer. Intern atiOnal
Broadcast Tests.
Visiting in Geneva recently the pal
ace which shelters the secretariat of
the League Of Nations. my thoughts
turned to the forces that might be
drawn into greater usefulness to elm.
mate ignorance. bigotry and discord.
There came to mind letter which
received from Gen. John J. Carty.
world famous engineer and vice presi-
dent of the American Telephone and
Telegraph Co. had telegraph.
ed congratulations to Gen. Carly just
after he had addressed an immense au-
dience through a radio-telephone COM
bination linking Havana and San
Francisco, thus reaching nearly the
entire North American continent. In
my telegram raised the question as
to what message he would send II 1t
came within his power to address
practically the whole world. Gen.
Carly responded 81 would say in
Latin 'Sursum corda'" Gift up your
heartsD From him came these i'll
spring words
1--WE are looking for a solution of
our world difficulties and for the at.
tainment of universal peace. We are
looking for this peace through the
signing or treaties and the forming
of leagues and courts. These things
are great and good, and when the time
comes they will be indispensable. But
before they can be converted from
symbols of lofty aspiration into terms
of practical achievement there must
be a change in the hearts and minds
of the people Of the world. Anything
which delays our recognition Of this
trust is harmful.
Until our hearts are made right,
there can be no permanent peace.
Until we establish the right state of
mind among the peoples of the world.
a treaty of peace-even though sign
ed by all the nations Of the earth-is
but a truce"
To this statement that distinguished
divine, DIR. S. Parkes Cadman, added
fervent amen.
What more efficient or more roman
tic medium has been developed for
reaching, all over the world simulta-
neously, the hearts and minds of men.
than the radio? Here is the method
by which information will come to be
disseminated, through which there
will be secured fIee interchange of
world opiaions. susSly this win work
Evening star., 1926-03-21
German Telegraph
Industry Declining

Gradually in Germany the telephone
is killing the telegraph. There exists
in that country a telegraph nest"
about $500 miles long, which touches
nearly every population center, how.
ever small. In the last so years this
system has hardly grown. Germans
are sending fewer messages and now
the telegraph system costs the state
administration 26 1000, 900 marks (nomi-
nally $6,1SS,00O a year.
The telephone, on the other hand,
grows steadily. The NEST" of tele-
phone wires will soon be 400 miles
long and it will be possible to tele.
phone from any place to any other
place in Germany. Moreover. the
Germans are urging the adoption Of an
international system whereby Edin.
burgh, London, Amsterdam, Berlin
Vienna and Constantinople will have
direct telephone communication with
any part of Germany.
Evening star., 1926-03-21
IS FRANCE CHANGING ATTITUDE +.
TO AMERICA? EXPERT SAYS "NO"'
Belle Skinner, Who Knows Country Inside and Out,
Declares Women in Provinces, Who Mold
Opinion, Still Love u. S.

classes in the Verdun sector OF France
] know that the impression which
this priest has received Is we'll
founded on fact. Over and over again
they speak Of the thousands OF kind
nesses shown by our American SOL
diers to the families with whom they
chanced to be billeted. and they de-
clare that the link which these have
made in the chain Of Franco-American
friendship is link which no Jingoism
can break. These people OF the prov
inces Judge America by the considera'
ton they received from our soldiers.
The women in particular speak even
now with deep emotion Of their graft
tude to US for our help during the
dark days of fighting and reconstruc-
ton, and their real liking for us VIII
do much to counterbalance the In
trigue Of interested politicians. 1t Is
the French women, we must remem-
Der, who mold the opinions Of the next
generation.
Talk Little Of Debts.
As to the payment Of their debts,
provincials talk less than Parisians.
But it would be absurd to pretend
that the whole OF France is not hoping
for "easy terms" We Americans
sometimes forget that false hopes
were raised in the minds of all French
men by those unofficial spokesman for
our country who announced in Paris.
OF course, America will cancel your
debt TO her" Statements like that
were given immediate and enormous
circulation, and 1t is impossible ever
to catch up with a first story and cor
rect its impression. However, in the
provinces it is now pretty generally
recognized that there will be no can
collation. of her debt. and that the
best that France can hope for is
"easy terms"
Creditors are not popular with
debtors. whether individuals or ma
tions. Still, France does not blame US
as a country for what she considers
the usurer's attitude. She looks upon
the existing state of affairs as politics.
and France in general thinks as little
of our politicians as we do of hers.
Perhaps there is exaggeration on both
sides. In any case, I am certain that
the enduring friendship Of these too
seldom-ouoted advocates of ours In
the French provinces will stand us in
good stead in these painful days of
headline agitation.
(Copyright. 1921
Evening star., 1926-03-21

The Swarajist delegates met apart
and dispatched a message to the peo-
pie of Britain. India, declared the
message, could not be contented until
it's system Of government should be
drastically altered. 1.-THE hearts Of the
bureaucracy remain Obdurate."
Pleasant accounts had come to us
importing the commencement of a
blessed era of good feeling in India.
The above does not look like it.
France.-On Thursday BRAND APP
reared before the Chamber with his
new cabinet, and presented the minis
terial delegation. 1t urged quick non.
party action on the budget, justified
Brands conduct at Geneva and pro-
posed amendment of the electoral law
by way of return to the former system
of district representation.
The declaration read. the Ma
tionalists began q sensational attack
on the choice of NJ. Malvy for
Minister Of the Interior. While de-
Tending himself against the familiar
old charges (he asserted that the had
been made the scapegoat for the
failure of the high command at the
Chemin des DameS), NJ. Malvy fell in
a dead faint BRAND then rushed to
the tribune IN. Malvy,' said he.
was condemned for secondary faults
on an erroneous interpretation. The
man who sold Chemin deS Danes
what calumnies; what lies; and now
you are seeking still to exploit that
atmosphere Of hate and anger. You
never have been willing to admit that
you were mistaken, because you are
politicians"
BRAND received a vote Of confidence,
361 to 164, the unified Socialists. who
had intended to abstain, rallying to
him because of the attack on Malvy.
The franc is tumbling, tumbling.
X X X *
China.-Tientsin is 10 miles up the
Pei Ho, and Taku is at it's mouth.
The protocol of September, 1901 (con-
sequent on the Boxer movement), pro-
vided that the Taku forts be razed
and not restored and that communica-
Tientsin, be kept clear Of interference
with foreigners.
The other day Chang Tso Lin,
Super Tuchum of Manchuria, sent a
number of transports with a convoy
of warships to the mouth of the Pei
Ho, with a view to the landing of
troops, the capture of Tientsin, the
liquidation" of the Kuominchun
C'National Peoples Army') forces
which might offer opposition, the oc-
cupation Of Peking, and the super
session of the present regime by one
subservient to Chang. The Kuomin-
chun commander in those parts was,
however, not caught mapping. He
mounted batteries at Taku. mined the
mouth of the Pei Ho, and exchanged
artillery fire with Changes warships.
The mining of the channel and the
desultory artillery duel involved in
reference with foreign shipping and
constituted violation of the protocol
Of 1901. Therefore the representa-
tives of the great powers still adher-
ing to the protocol Great Britain, the
United States, Japan, France and
Italy, sent a joint ultimatum to the
Kuominchun commander and the
commander of Chang's fleet. The
mines must be taken up, the artillery
duel must cease. Chang's ships must
stay outside the bar, and there must
be no further searches of foreign YES
sells except by the customs authorities
The Chinese commanders have prom.
ised compliance with the ultimatum.
So Chang's braves must find another
landing place o. 90 homA
Evening star., 1926-03-21
Passport Nuisance.

One proposal likely to come before
the League of Nations second in.
ternational passport conference in
Geneva in May is that of making
it possible to obtain passports from
post offices or police stations and
thus reducing the passport formali-
ties that still face the traveller who
wishes to go abroad.
The May conference will consider
the best means of Fastening the grad.
ual abolition of the passport regime.
Should it decide. however, that the
passport must be retained, a proposal
will be made that every passport i'm
the future hold good for a minimum
of two Yeara X
Evening star., 1926-03-21

vakia, Frances bosom friend. would
not alter the political complexion of
the council.
This was a highly sensible PROPOSE
ton, for Poland ought to be in the
council, but ought not to be admitted
as one of the great powers, nor so
as to give offense to Germany or any
wise reduce German influence on the
council. The proposal was consistent
with French land BritiSh) engage
ments of honor to Germany and took
due account of Frances peculiar OBJ
legations to Poland. Observe, please.
that Luther and Stresemann have de-
clared themselves convinced that the
French and British never conceived
the notion of packing the council
against Germany.
But Brands victory went for Moth
ing. For it remained for Brazil to
give the most sublime Tor fatuous)
exhibition of intranHgence the world
has seen. A single vote in the coun-
Gil can prevent admission OF a pro-
posed new member. Brazil. q non'
permanent member, held out for per.
manent seat along with Germany:
else Germany should not be admitted.
It was preposterous. declared her
spokesman, that South America
should not be honored by one perma-
nent seat, and Brazil was indicated for
the honor.
The representatives Of the other
South American nations declared
themselves entirely unsympathetic
with the Brazilian attitude. The for
eigrl office at Rio de Janeiro was show
cred with imploring cables. but Brazil
remained firm. Obviously. as BRAND
remarked, that the Genevan cataS-
t,N
such means, was absurd. A commits
sion has been appointed by the coun-
Gil to overhaul the league constitution
so that such a thing may not again
occur, It Is as certain as anything
can be that next September Brazil
will find herself outside the council,
hoist with her own petard.
The results from the German cpl
sode may be disastrous. The Natlon'
alists may get the upper hand IN Ber-
lin, Paris and Warsaw. Sir Austen
Chamberlain may pass into the WI.
derness. The foreign or1entatfon OF
Rritain may take am anti-Locarno
slant. On the other hand, everything
may be hunky dory. It might be well,
perhaps, that for a little space the
comic spirit should supplant the spirit
of Locarno.
The German application for adnlis-
sion remains before the league.
But as to whether Germany shall
60 to Geneva in September-that, says
Luther, depends on the German gov
ernment of next September. Quite
50.
X X y
The British Empire.-A conference
is taking place in London Of repre-
sentatives of the governments OF
Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy
and Belgium, to consider the question
of equalization Of hours Of labor
throughout that group Of countries.
The British are eager for removal OF
the competitive disadvantage of Brit
ish industry because. Of the shorter
British working day.
The other day, in the course Of de-
bate on the budget by the Indian Leg
islative Assembly, at Delhi. and after
an impassioned speech by Motilal
Nehru. leader of the Swarajist or
Home Rule party. all the Swarajist
members of the Assembly walked out
of the Assembly chamber.
Motilal Nehru declared that the
Swara jists' overtures of cooperation
had been flouted; that they had been
subjected to ridiculV and hum1l3att0ls
Evening star., 1926-03-21
Movie Plots at Low Price.

Chinese or foreigners who expect
to reap rich rewards for writing mo-
ton picture scenarios for Chinese
film companies are doomed to disap-
pointment If a special scenario contest
inaugurated in Shanghai gives a true
indication of the prices to be paid.
One Chinese company offers a cash
prize of 500 local currency. or about
$50 gold, for the best motion picture
story submitted.
Evening star., 1926-03-21

What part Of France? Whose atti-
tude In France? The attitude of poll
ticians? OF journalists? OF tourists
who get but a partial view of public
opinion, who may perhaps receive
rudeness for rudeness and bring back
reports of diminishing friendliness
and lack Of courtesy toward Ameri.
cans? OF cosmopolitan Paris? Or Of
the French provinces, which are the
real France, the steadfast France OF
the toilers?
1t has been my good fortune for
many years to spend six months out
of every twelve in France-partly In
Paris, but mostly in the provinces
and I am constantly impressed by the
fact that the attitude of the pro 9inces
toward America has not changed. The
provinces are sunk In tradition,
welded to their soil, and have an In
herent aversion to invasions, either
by enemies or by friends. Therefore,
when they become friends their friend
ship is something to be counted upon,
and any change in it would be really
significant. But, according to my
best observation, provincial France
has not changed.
Army Still Cheered.
A French priest. recently in our
country. says that in his journeyings
about France in connection with his
work he has within the past six or
eight months been showing war film.
He makes the unqualified statement
that invariably whenever the Ameri-
can troops appeared upon the screen
they were greeted with tumultous ap-
plause, and that this happened not
only in the devastated regions which
our men helped to liberate but in the
villages Of the center and south of
France as well. The American Army,
then, has never ceased to arouse a
thrill of gratitude in the hearts Of the
French provincials.
From innumerable conversations
that I have had with people Of all
Evening star., 1926-03-21

Member or the American Prison Association.
Vote NotsszFor W years DR.. Hart has
Country he IS SEs recogaised % az a" a oreet y az @
.ayr,s .h9r,y; - IN thss eh@nenging article he
IS usually overlooked.
In the voluminous discussions of
causes and prevention of crime which
have abounded in the press for a year
past, have seen very little reference
TO one of the most prolific causes of
crime in the United States. l refer
to the 5000 county iaiIs.
For g. hundred years past 1t has been
recognized by every intelligent student
of the subject that the county jails
almost universally are schools of
crime, the great majority of whose
pupils graduate distinctly worse in
character and habits as we'll as in
physical condition than when they
entered.
Influences of Politics.
The American county jails are
organized on the old English system,
long since abandoned in Great Britain.
whereby the Jail is under the control
of the county sheriff who has many
other duties, while the Jail is a sub
ordinate interest. The sheriff appoints
a jailer and turnkey. and in some
counties a matron. usually selected
for political reasons. none of whom
has any special training for the
work. and many of whom are entirely
untitled for the job.
The county jails are used for two
distinct and inconsistent purposes: On
the one hand. for the temporary de-
tention of prisoners awaiting court
action. including individuals accused
of crime. some children. insane per
sons, witnesses, and in some States
debtors; on the other hand. as places
of punishment for persons convicted
of minor offenses, sentenced for
periods extending from one day to one
year, and in a few States up to two
years. In the great ma jority of lailS
these different classes of prisoners
are forced into intimate association in
idenesS. A very small number of
jailS provide any employment for
prisoners other than the ordinary do
meStic work of the jail