davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14
FOREST PROTECTION AND
ITS VALUE TO 4 COMMUNITY
Address at Flagstaff Hiram club and Flagstaff Rotary club
by E. c. Slpher of Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff

A time was when forests were
deemed the worst enemy of man and
civilization, and it was matter of
conquest to fell them; now long since
they have been recognized as his best
friend, and we are becoming equally
jealous of their preservation. As rs
per cent of our timber lies west of
the Great Plains, forest protection is
essentially a western problem.
First / shall speak briefly of some
thing which is generally little thought
of but is of primary Importance to
the communicable value of the for
est tc the city springs and watershed
and water supply.
1t is automatic that an adequate
water supply is vitally necessary to a
town. 1t is also fact that forests
have a very important bearing upon
such water supply. Especially IS
this true where the supply of water
is taken as is ours from the surface
soil instead of being pumped from be-
meath.
The mat of forest vegetation, both
below and above ground, Serves as a
sponge to absorb and hold the ram
and melting snow. 1t retards the
melting snow and ice in the spring
and summer, and thus lessons the
devastation by floods and erosion by
allowing time for the percolation OF
the water into the soil. Thus the
water which consequently sinks into
the earth gradually issues forth IN
springs, instead of rushing at once
into the rivers. In this way, forests
eaualize the rate of run-off OF the
precipitation, moderating both floods
and drOughts, and tend to conserve
water for all seasons of the year.
How important these services are
NAV be judged by the results OF de-
forestation anywhere, especially IN
the hilly parts of the south, where
Thousands upon thousands of acres OF
denuded lands when left unprotected
from heavy precipitation have been
turned into "bad lands" as useless TO
man as if they We're at the bottom
of the sea. Moreover, the valleys there
are increasingly ravaged by floods
whore the timber has been cut away,
while water powers estimated at over
a million horse power and worth
$40 900, 900 a year are endangered.
For these very fedSOilS aee'OO" go
the forest on the watershed OF our
CITY springs is vitally necessary TO One
continued flow from them required 70
take care of our water supply, present
or future. e.;og
In a sense our late water famlnes
were directly due to the very tnihg
that forest vegetation tends TO pre-
vent-a too rapid run-off.
In this way the rapid run-off COM
bined with the inadequate reservoir
capacity, caused water shortages duf7
ing dry seasons in late autumn ana
winter. If the flow from the springs
had been practically uniform through
out the year we would have no water
Shortages. Forest vegetation IS the
one great factor in producing unl-
fornnity Of flow from the springs.
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14

As an example of the effect that
detorestation would have upon our
water supply from the springs in the
San Francisco basin ! wish to point
out that in 1876 the watershed was
burned over, and apparently no one
raised a hand to prevent it. Accord
ing to the best information that can
be had, the surface run-off was so
rapid for few years that the flow
from the springs shrank to a very
small per cent of their former ca
pacity. The prevention of fires on
this area during the last 25 years has
allowed nature to again establish a
covering of vegetation and gradually
the water storage capacity of the soil
lis being built up in the manner have
explained above Furthermore, for
est vegetation tends to increase pre-
cipitation because a forested surface
cooled by constant evaporation, is a
better condenser of moisture, and is
therefore less liable to prolonged
drought, than a surface of bare rock
or soil. 1t is therefore imperative
that we guard with great care the
forests on our city watershed.
1t is also important that develop
ment work at the city springs be de-
signed not to bring out the water in
quicker time, but on the contrary to
conserve the available water and
make the rate of flow uniform
throughout the year.
Next we may consider briefly the
economic value Of our forests here to
the communitH This might be di-
vided as follows First, the direct fl
nancial returns; second, the business
reflected by the numbering industry,
and third, the business realized from
them as recreational grounds.
Under the caption of direct finan-
ciRl returns we have:
In 1928 the combined earnings of
all the national forests of the U. S.
was $5,335, 900.
The same year the combined earn
ings from this forest district ARIZONA
and New Mexico) was about S635,000.
The Coeonino forest has earned
from 1906 to 1925, S2,188,000.
From the Coconino forest alone the
annual receipts run from S1l5,000 to
S165,000.
Now Of this forest income from the
forests more than 35 per cent returns
to the community in the 20 per cent
Iroad and school fund and 10 per cent
upkeep fund for the local forest serv-
Ice for roads and trails.
In this way Arizona received in
1928, $135, 900.
The same year Coconino county re-
ceived direct from the state, under
the 25 per cent division, for roads and
schools about $4,000
And the forest service spends here
under the 10 per cent fund about S10,-
900 each year for roads and trails
within the forest.
Then in addition to these regularly
returned amounts the community re-
ceives from special appropriations for
roads considerable amount. On the
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14

Flagstaff-Ang road something like
$500,000 will have been expended in
this way when the road is completed.
On the Flagstaff -Tonto Basin road
about $147000 in forest funds has
been expended, on the Oak Greek road
about -S35,000 to $4,000 and on the
Clint Wells road about $4,000.
Thus the total direct income to the
community amounts to nearly $780,
600 annually.
Now all these amounts should in
crease under proper forest protec-
ton and supervision.
The financial value of our forests
to the community in attracting visi-
tors seeking recreation is too obvious
to need more than mention. This
we will lose if our forests are de-
stroyed, but it will increase, many
fold, if they are properly protected.
Since it appears that we have adj
vanced to about the limit in the de-
velopment Of stock raising and other
existing lines Of industry it would
seem that the recreational value of
the forests here for sightseers pro-
vides an important field for the fu-
ture development of our community.
The value of numbering to our COM
munity is perhaps as clearly COM
pretended by you as it is by me.
About 80 per cent or more of our en-
ployed inhabitants earn a livelihood
thereby, and in proportionate
amount ESTIMATED at 35 to 40 per
cent? the business of the community
comes from this industry. What this
means to our local business is brought
to clearer realization whenever the
mills close down. Moreover, the eco
nomic value of an adequate supply of
timber as building material and
fuel, at prices justifying its use, is of
inestimable value in the development
Of community as is ours.
Thus the volume Of continual up
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14

acre per annum. Near Forestdale,
VT, a wood turning plant employing
200 men, for years has been practiclng
intensive forestry on about 5000 acres
of land and today is operating chief
ly from the harvest Of the mature
trees only.
have cited these examples merely
as a guide for estimating the value
and feasibility of reforestation and to
give us a measure of what our forests
may mean to us, from a future eco
nomic standpoint. All this shows
that the forests are as necessary to
civilization as grain fields and con-
sidering the quality of the land IN
our forests here, they can be made
quite profitable.
Now, do not want to be under
stood as advancing the idea that we
cease cutting the mature timber OF
our forests, but rather to emphasize
the necessity of scientific system
of forestry, in fire protection, in
numbering, in restricted cutting on
our watersheds and about our lakes
and streams. For too long, our for
ests generally have been treated as
an inexhaustable mine. But now to
save them we must look upon them as
crops to be protected from fire, prop
erly propagated and harvested.
Of the virgin forests of the United
States once containing $500 billion
board feet, only 1000 billion board
foetsremain, or a little more than ORE
fourth. And we are using up saw
timber at present about five times as
fast as it is being replaced by new
growth In 1921, $4,000 fires burned
eight million acres of forest. These
brief facts should make evident the
value of and need for forest protec-
tion.
Flagstaff fortunately still has
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14

keep of timber growth so as to per-
petuate numbering operations, if pos
sible, forms an asset so important to
the future of Flagstaff that it is
needless to comment further on this
phase.
In consequence Of the realization
of these facts, current periodicals
dealing with community development
problems are today publishing ar
ticles encouraging the growing and
protection of forests as matter of
community welfare. For like reasons
states are passing legislation exempt
ing forest knds from taxatAn.
AS an exalnple ofwhat can be ac-
complished in timber growing under
proper management the Sihlwald for
est in Switzerland il perhaps the out
standing example Id the world. Since
the year 853 it HIS been producing
timber and since 1850 at least, there
has been an orderls supervision OF
cultivating and represtation. Thus
for over 1000 year the Sihlwald has
been furnishing thu city of Zurich
with various lSilI,s of wood. This
means that the peoke of Zurich learn
ed hundreds of ystrs ago what we
are just realizingl that the forests
cannot be tSat off knd there still re.
main an adessaate AinbSx supply.
However, in our country good
many farms in Me- England are now
yielding profits to e owners for for
est planting made ears ago. For ex-
ample, in 1877 a nan in southern
New England pAnted some land
bought at less tfl $12 an acre, to
White pine seedlir In 1897 it sold
for $100 an acre, 1912 it again was
sold for 1888 an e, and in 1922 it
was held at littl fer $3.50 an acre.
Based on the las gures this repre-
sents an annual ming Of $12.30 an
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14

much of what nature gave her in the
way of forests, so the task of pre-
servation should be comparatively
easy, and whether or not we agree
with all the details of forest regula-
ton, the citizens of our community
should feel a deep sense of duty, a
cooperative loyalty, and take great
The Coconino sun., 1926-05-14
! pride in their protection.
Too Many Callers

Don't you know, papa, that the
proper study of mankind is man p
"That may be, my dear, but do wish
you wouldn't keep the place Uttered
up with your specimens"
Evening star., 1926-04-24
INCREASE In BUILDING TRADES
PAY SEEN THROUGHOUT NATION
Renewal of Active Operations Bring Raises, With
New York Wages Highest and St. Louis Second.
Chicago Faces New Demands.

! out material disturbance to the gen
eral progress of the industry. The
most serious conditions have existed
in Cleveland during the last two
months. where approximately $50 ,O0O,-
600 worth of construction work has
been held up as the result of the strike
of the painters, GLACIERS and common
laborers. The painters and glaciers
are demanding an increase of 12h
cents an hour over the $1.25 rate and
the day week The lahorers are
demanding a similar increase per hour
over the old rate of 871s cents. 1t is
estimated that nearly $4,000 building
mechanics are affected directly or in
directly by the strike.
In Baltimore bricklayers, marble
settlers and StonemasonS have re-
ceived substantial increases over the
former scale. In Boston the standard
wage for skilled mechanics has been
increased Is cents an hour on two
year agreements. In Cincinnati the
leading crafts secureda an increase of ga
cents an hour. In Detroit increases
have been granted ranging from 10 to
% cents an hour. while still further
increases are pending in some of the
crafts. Memphis StonemaSonS have
secured an increase Of 12l2 cents an
hour, while increases in many of the
crafts in Pittsburgh give that city
third place in point of building me-
chanics' wages.
Nonunion carpenters have been en-
ployed with success in San Francisco
during a union carpenters strike. st.
Joseph, Mo-, carpenters have secured
a wage increase from S71s cents to 81
per hour; electricians, from S71a cents
to $1.1212; lathers, from 81 to $1.37M.
and painters from 90 cents to $1.10,
with similar range of increases
throughout the building crafts. ST.
Petersburg, Fla, electricians have
pushed up their scale from $1.25 to
$iG21a an hour. Hodcarriers have Sc
Evening star., 1926-04-24

With the largest volume of building
activities pending throughout the
country that has ever existed at this
period of the year, a distinct trend of
increasing wages in the building crafts
is now in progress. Although gen
eral upward tendency in these wages
has been in existence for the last four
years, the wage increases now being
granted in the principal American
cities are greater, according to n re-
port given out yesterday by S. w.
StrauS & Co, than at any previous
Spring rcadjustment.
AS the result of recent wage in
creases in New York, the metropolis
now takes first place in the country
for wages paid In the building trades.
During the last five years st. Louis
has led all American cities in this re-
Spect, but the Missouri city now takes
second place. The advances in build
ing wages in the new Spring agree
ments are reflected in building cost
indiceS, which have gone up as much
as four points.
While there are hundreds of smaller
cities where building wages have been
stabilized for some time, there are in
dications of still further increases in a
number of, cities where wage read
JustmentS are now under discussion
Among the cities of the country where
either pronounced wage inCrea ses have
been granted this Spring or where the
workers are now pressing vigorously
for agreements at higher levels are
New York. Chicago. Baltimore, Bos-
ton, Pittsburgh, Buffalo. Cincinnati,
Detroit, Indianapolis. Houston, Kan
"a City, Louisville, Memphis, Akron,
oklahoma City, Salt Lake City, Cleve.
land. Dallas. San Antonio. Tex: St.
Joseph, Mo-, and approximately 100
or more smaller places.
1t is to be noted, however ackording
TO the Straus survey, that these ad-
Vances have been accomplished with
Evening star., 1926-04-24

cured a So a day advance over a for
mer $4 scale. Painters, plasterers and
bricklayers also have secured in
creaSeS. e.,
Chicago plasterers are asking for
the establishment of five-day week
and wage boost from $1.50 to $1.75
an hour in their new agreement on
May /. Carpenters also have asked
for a. wage increase from $1.37h to
$3.50 an hour, to become effective on
june l. Builders say they are not
taking the demands of the carpenters
seriously, but are concentrating their
attention on the demands of the plas-
terers, a trade which is 100 per cent
Evening star., 1926-04-24

organized and belongs to the closed
shop division of trades. At present
there are two divisions of trades as
regards pay status-those that receive
$137h an hour, like the carpenters,
iron workers, and those that receive
$1.50 an hour--electricians, plasterers,
bricklayers and lathers. In Chicago
building laborers get 87h cents an
hour. rate that is much higher than
is paid in most cities.
Evening star., 1926-04-24

The famous Blarney Castle, in Ire
land, was built in the fifteenth CEN
tury.
Evening star., 1926-04-24

West Point Military Academy was
founded in 1902, during the admins
tration of Thomas Jefferson.
Evening star., 1926-04-24

The United States produces 95 per
cent Of the automobiles used in the
world.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08
TWO WOMEN INJURED
BY AUTOS IN STREETS

Only two persons were injured in
traffic accidents last night. A col
Iision between street car and two
automobiles badly damaged the cars
but did not injure any Of the occu-
pants.
While crossing New Hampshire
Avenue, near Rock Greek Church
Road northwest. last night, Mrs.
Lillian Car-len, IS. 766 Newton St.
N. W., was truck by an automobile
operated by j. Earl Hammer, Chevy
Chase, Nd. She was bruised, but
not seriously injured.
Mary Henson, colored, 81. 1017
Sixth St. s. W., was struck at
Seventh and B Streets northwest
by an automobile driven by William
Marvin Buckley.
A Washington Railway and Elec-
trio Company street car struck an
operated by Frank
Hines, 8 Grant Pl,, at Eleventh and
K Streets northwest and knocked
the automobile into another car
driven by Bennett Parker, 1890 Cali
fornia st. N. w. Both cars were
badly damaged.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08
GROWS Greens.
FOR COOLIDGE

PAUL SMITHS, n. r., July 80
The most important gardener in
the United States today is Fred
Heutte.
He is engaged in producing from
an unwilling soil the vegetables and
cut flowers for the table Of Presi-
dent and Mrs. Coolidge.
Heutte is Frenchman who,
learned gardening from a Scotch
man in the United States. He has
been gardener for Daniel Guggen-
helm and at Long Branch, NJ. IL
for II. T. Parsons, of the Wool
worth Company. The Kirkwoods
brought him to White Pines Camp.
Heutte is doing well with peas,
onions, lettuce and the hardy
vegetables, but a string of beans
intended for the Presidents table
persisted in the cold weather four
nights ago. and he confesses he is
afraid to try tomatoes and other
tender vegetables in this country
of early. and sudden frosts.
He told Mrs. Coolidge today TINT
the Alpine plants he had ready for
her thrive in this, their native
haunt, but not to be disappointed
If the gladiol disappear over nigh..
One brief visit from Mrs. Coolidge
convinced Fred Heutte that she Is
a lover of flowers.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08

offer Is q highly favorable one, IL
Is pretty sure to be turned down.
Even after we sell the ships, if
we do, we will keep our hands on
them,
u. s. May Operate
"It really means this: II we find
out we cannot get efficients private
operation the Government viii stop
marking time and get into the mer-
chant marine business in earnest
instead of trying to get out Of it
as IL now the case"
Aside from the Leviathan, mis-
tress Of the seas, there are included
in the list OF ships the George
Washington, President Harding,
President Roosevelt and the Repub-
lie. as we'll as the reconditioning Of
the Mt. Vernon and the Agen1em-
non, now out Of commission. These
are the ships of the United States
lines.
The vessels of the American Mer-
chant Line include five combination
freight and passenger ships and six
freighterS.
Expansion Is Object
In explaining the purpose of the
board in making the sale offer, Com
missioner Teller. who is member
of the boards sales committee, said:
"Our idea Is what 1t has always
been-that is to get private opera
tors to take over the ships. How
ever, we do not propose to do this
unless we can get the type OF pri-
vate operators we desire and un-
less they will undertake to expand.
all IA ~
was desired that the purchaser bid
in both lines, although this will
not be a stipulation of the sale.
Since the sale of the White Star
Line, the I. M. N. Is now composed
of the Red Star (Belgian), Atlantic
Transport Line British), Leyland
Line British), Panama-Pacific Line
| american, in-coastal trade), the
American Line lAmerican), and a
line operating out of Canada. The
American Line operates but one
vessel, the "Kroonland," running
in winter months from New York
to Miami.
Morgan Quits Beard
At the time of the /. NJ. M. sale
OF the White Star Line is was re-
| ported that the sale price. said to
De 41pVVVOsuUVs Wdb TO ne uSSQ u
! retire the con1pany's per cent
Wrist naorkg gage collateral bonds,
/ easiag tha company in position
| to arrange for new financing. This
/ financing, it was said in shipping
! circles, would be all-American.
Also, at the time negotiations
! for the sale of the White Star
were underway, j. p. Morgan and
1 ~ a~fv
signed from the directorate of the
I. M. M.
Their resignation, 1t was recog,
nized in shipping circles, removed
from the /. NJ. M. the 'taint" OF
British control rejecting from the
Morgan foreign interests.
However, the /. NJ. M. is not yet
In a position to disclaim foreign
influence as It still has four lines
under foreign flags.
This year the United States line
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08
ART LAIl[.ss SPOT
RUM CACHES

Creation Of an effective prohibition
air service to operate nor only
against rum snugglers along the
seacoasts. but in the interior Of the
country to spot stills and Huuor
eashes. was proposed to the Treas
ury today by NJ. o. Dunning, OF
Savannah. Ca, dry co-ordinator for
the Southeast.
DIlnning said that he had OBJ
tanned excellent results in locating
stills throughout the Southeast by
airplane photogra ply. He has g
small squadron of planes based at
Miami, Fla.
Hundreds Of schooners and small
rum running craft have been cap
tured off the Florida coast by Coast
Guard speed boats after they We're
located by the dry air service, ac-
cording to Dunning.
Dunning, who was combat
aviator in France during the World
War, is using planes for scouting
purposes much as they were EN-
pIoyed on the western front.
Photographs Of Florida swamp
regions, where snugglers are re.
ported to maintain large stores OF
liquor, already have disclosed some
of the caches,
Officials believe that If sufficient
funds are available the, equipment
of the Interior prohibition offices
with airplanes wiz be Invaluable TO
enforcement.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08
COPPERHEIRESS
ELOPES
HI"
international News Service

NEW YORK. July g. Miss Kath-
crime Nash Kelley, the copper heir.
ess." daughter of Cornelius Kelley,
president Of the Anaconda Copper
Mining Company, today had provid-
ed social circles with an animated
topic Of conversation.
She clipped and was married last
evening at Port Chester to Nils Flor
man, real estate operator, about
30. who has had rather romantic
career in New York. She is about
%. re lded beauty and popular i'll
society since her debut in 1922.
Florman's career has been un.
usual. Years ago he was attentive
10 Miss Katherine Force, sister Of
Madeline Force, who was married
to the late John Jacob Astor.
In July, 1911. announcement Of his
engagement to Miss Helena Stale,
one Of the two granddaughter Of the
late Alexander Mcdonald, who built
up a large fortune in Standard Oil,
was announced. The bride-elect later
broke tie engagement. After this
Florman won Miss Olga Kohler,
daughter OF a wealthy piano manu-
facturer, as a bride but they were
subsequently divorced.
Mrs. Kelley. mother Of the bride.
was reported today to be i'll in bed.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1926-07-08
DOUBLE TAKEN
FOR PRINCE

BERLIN, July S.-The former
Crown Prince of Germany is not
on the liner President Roosevelt,
bound for the United States.
The International News Service
established this definitely today
after wild rumors We're spread
throughout Germany that the for
mer crown prince had sailed for the
United States.
The rumor, it was learned, orig
mated in the fact that Captain Won
Bauer, who is almost a double for
the former crown prince, is on
board the Roosevelt in charge Of
IL yearlings from the famous stud
farm at Bad Hamburg, formerly
owned by the kaiser's son-in.law.
the Duke of Brunswick.