davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
Alaskan Canneries Enrich White Men
But Bring Real Misfortune to Indians

Indians of southeastern Alaska,
who are facing serious economic
problems, might be helped by the de-
veIopment of the Alaskan timber re
sources or by some other new in
dust-y, in the opinion of Herbert w.
Krieger. curator of ethnology at the
National Museum. who recently re-
turned from spending some time in
that region for the Bureau of
American Ethnology.
The big Alaskan fish canneries.
which mean progress and financial
gain to the white man, have brought
hard times to these Indians.
'In the old days" Mr.. krieger
says, 1.-The Indians would put out
their small nets at the mouth of
creek and catch enough fish for their
families and some TO sell. Now. the
canneries place big fish traps far out
AZ sea at places where large guam
titles of salmon can be caught. Small
streams used by the Indians are re-
served by the Government either as
fish hatcherieS or for spawning
ground, in order 10 safeguard the
salmon supply The Indians best
understood occupation and his out
standing source of food are therefore
practically lost TO him. He and his
family have no choice but 10 work
in the canneries or to exc out an
existence working for other people"
III health is another difficulty
which these Indians face, Mr..
Kreiser SAYS The natives of south
eastern Alaska have been one of the
strongest Indian races known" he
explains. They have always been
athletic. and they hardened their
infants b. the Spartan method CT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
By DIR. EDWIN T.. SLOSSO\.
Director, Science Service.

One of the funniest things | saw in
Sweden when I was over there re-
Gently was the use of electrical cook
stoves in forest cottages. Sweden is
short on coal and oil. but long on
wood and water. The SWedeS are
growing trees faster than they are
cutting them. the reverse OF the pol
icy that prevails in America. tonse-
quently they have wood 10 burn, but
they prefer to cook with water in
stead
The water falls down faster than
The trees can grow up. So they turn
il into turbines and with them grind
The wood into pulp and ship it over to
america to be made into the news
papers and silky stockings that are
SO conspicuous in our country. Elec-
sides. they have an ingenious kind Of
cooking contrlvance that keeps in the
heat and the steam. SO a few watts
will cook n lot of food, and it takes a
lot of food TO satisfy a Swede.
About As per cent of the farms of
Sweden are using electricity for light
inc and light power. In the United
States mot more than per cent of
the farms are receiving electric cur.
rent from power lines" according to
q. f. Tripp. chairman of the West
inghouse. California. of course,
claims the lead. with 554, 600. 900 horse
power hours of electric power used in
agriculture during the year 1923. hu,
ST. per cent of that is employed in
pumping water. for irrigation. The
number of electric power consumers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
FARMERS USE ELECTRIC STOVES
AND OTHER DEVICES IN SWEDEN
Coal Scarce, While Water Is Abundant, Causing Elk
tensve Development of POwer-U. S. Is
Adopting Same Utility in Agriculture.

on farms in California Is reported as
26,91 Ohio has II 900 farms supplied
with rural electric service, and Iowa
and Pennsylvania have about $1,000
each.
To read over the list of the applica.
tions of the current one would think
that the electrical farmer hadn't any
chores to do. and that his electrified
stock were living in the lap of luxury.
| am skeptical, as one of my age nat
urally would be. about the moral effect
of all these neW-fansled ways. mean
descent lights in the pigpen. Electric
fans in the cattle Shed. Ultraviolet
rays for hogs and hay. Is it good for
young hens to be kept up all hours Of
the night under the white lights, CAD
ding about and stuffing their crops
with rich food! Can a therlnostat al
together replace the maternal in.
Stinct?
And what will be the effect on the
farmer and his family? Will he con-
tinue his commendable habit of early
rising if he can milk a dozen cows
at time by simply turning on the
juice? Will not the farmers wife lose
the we'll rounded arms that she devel-
oped by long hours at the churn and
the rosy complexion that she acquired
over the cookstove?
VIII the tungsten filament give that
we'll grounded education that we, or.
anyhow. our forefathers. got by means
Of the torch or tallow dip? VIII the
tennis racket adequately take the place
Of the bucksaw in the development Of
the muscles and the sense of duty? In
short, will those whose hardest labor
has been to press a button or jerk a
switch acquire those sterling qualities
which have made us what We, areo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12

70 hours. A typical little Iberian fur
ry. you might say; not OF much &C.
count.
But. there are many to tell US that
Primo de Rivera has completely lost
his hold on the army and that the
quick suppression of the mutiny was
due neither to his own promptness
and skill nor to the loyal zeal Of the
army at large nor to any cause other
than the personal Intervention of the
King. It is asserted that the King
made promises to the malcontents
which nullify Primo de Rivera's dis
ciplinary intentions. If this be true
the addition is scarcely necessary that
the dictator's authority over the army
is fatally undermined and that to all
practical purposes "the day of his
destiny's over" though his eviction
from power may be mercifully eased.
n X *
Greece.-Another affair in Greece
1t seems that Ex-Dictator Pangalos
had organized a special body Of
troops called Republican Guards, in
two so-called corps, each about 500
strong, for his personal protection.
Having decided to disband these
corps, Gen. Kondyles, the new
Greek premier. so notified their COM
manders, who thereupon withdrew
their commands to the outskirts of
Athens and took up a. threatening at
titude. Gen. Kondyles sent officers to
demand surrender. but this was re-
fused and instead the two corps
marched upon Athens, intending a
counter coup. They were met by reg.
ular troops and a brisk fight in the
streets followed. which resulted
in the defeat and surrender of the
mutineers. The casualties were nu-
merous, including civilians.
X = u u
China.-There have been extraor-
binary developments in China during
the past week. but I shall give them
only the briefest notice, postponing
more adequate treatment. For as I
see 1t. to make clear the significance
of any happening In China you must
sketch in a good. deal of background.
and I lack space here for such an
operation. For remember that China
proper Is of the size and population of
the European peninsula: of an equal
geogra phical variety and what is too
little considered) of an equal racial
variety. A large part Of that PENN
sula is now involved in a civil con-
flict. and our news thereof Is meager,
vague and tainted with propaganda.
remark, touching only the high
spots; that Marshal WI Pei Flu has
| been badly beaten by the commander
of the south China forces, Gen. Chang
Tai Shek, who has captured that
exceedingly important group Of cities
on the Yangtse. Hankow, Wuchang
and Hanyang, the last-named contain
ing the chief arsenal Of China: that
apparently Though it is not clear WI
Pei Flu, having saved a considerable
part Of his army, has withdrawn it to
the interior of the Province of Honan;
that apparently Though this is not
clear Gen. Sun Chuan Feng, super
tuchun Of the five Clover Yangtse''
provinces, has declared war on Chang
I<ai Shek. ordering him to retire from
his Suns bailiwick and from Hupeh
and Human provinces, that is to aban-
don his conquests; that British YES
sells have bloodily clashed with Chi
nese vessels and shore batteries per-
tanning to WI Pei Fu's forces. and
that British naval vessels in the Pearl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
Ry RICHARD HOADLEY TINGLEY

The mountains Of Colorado. Utah,
wvominc Nevada and other Western
States contain immense deposits OF oil
shales from which enough Oil can De
extracted to fill our requirements Tor
centuries. Mining engineers nave
known this all along, but SO long as
there was thought to be plenty OF oil
TO he had from wells. nobody gave
much heed to these shales.
When the United States Geological
Survey issued the statement. as it did
a. short time ago, that there remained
In this country only about nine and
half billion barrels of petroleum in the
ground recoverable by current pro-
duction methods" attention at once
became riveted to this source Of sup
ply. People began to figure, and here
are some Of the figures, available to
any one who reads the daily news
papers.
Ever since 1915 we have consumed
more petroleum than our wells have
produced, making up the deficiency
with imports largely from Mexico. In
1915 we produced three hundred and
one million barrels and consumed
three hundred and nineteen million.
In constantly increasing quantity from
year to year, 1925 saw a production OF
approximately SoNoH AuIlulcu hHu
flfty-seven million barrels and an i'm
port Of sixty-two million. our total
yearly demand. therefore. being eight
hundred and nineteen million barrels.
Use Likely to Increase.
1t isn't necessary to call in pro-
fessor of mathematics to help us figure
that out. If the United States geol.
ogists are right, our oil well supply,
"recoverabl by current production
methods" will be all gone in less than
IL years. That isn't the worst Of it.
1t is unthinkable that we are going to
curtail our use Of oil SO long as there
is any to be had. If past experience
Is of any value, we may expect to in.
crease rather than diminish it.
Well-oil men scott at the thought
of an oil shortage. They say the fig
ures Of the Geological Survey are
bunk" and declare that by eco
Monies, the application of improved
methods of production and refining
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
ssWitches'' Are Slain
Often in PHILIPPINES

In the Province Of Cadiz, Philippine
Islands, an old woman and her son
and daughter have been murdered In
cold blood, the criminals believing
them to be witches casting spell
on a sick child. In this province the
Catholic Church has but recently
blessed and canonized an image OF
the virgin, to which the people at
tribute miraculous powers, after Rome
received a solemn report Of miracles
performed by the image.
The people. however, continue their
belief in evil as we'll as holy spells.
They ascribe to Beelzebub the evil
spells and often kill neighbors they
believe the agents of hell. Hardly a
week passes when some persons. and
often whole families are not killed
as witches. The victims are usually
deformed or crippled persons, or the
deaf and dumb-any one appearing
physically peculiar. The criminals
have been arrested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12

throwing them into the ocean each
morning.
They lived in loosely built. and
consequently we'll ventilated houses
made of split cedar slabs, with a fire.
place in the center for the only heat
ing plant. They dressed in furs and
we'll made blankets and lived a
hardy. outdoor life. The weak soon
died off.
But now they have learned to
built tight houses and wear lighter
clothing. and they use stoves that
eat up the air. The Bureau of Edu-
cation tries to teach them sanitation,
but they are an easy prey to the
white mans diseases. Influenza and
smallpox have almost wiped out en-
tire villages. Such diseases as tuber-
culosis, catarrh and throat troubles
are prevalent"
Because of the fact that their food
supply and Indian style of independ-
ence have been SO affected, some of
the most disgruntled natives are agi-
tating for the Government to take
care of them as Indians in the
United States are provided for, Mr..
Kreiger states.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12

There Is still further evidence of in
creasing friendship in the fact that
Uruguay had notified the Department
Of State in Washington prior to the
Geneva conference that the reserva-
lions were acceptable to her, and Cuba
also had given similar approval. The
other Latin American nations appar-
emily were awaiting the conference.
to which all court members were in
vited. before sending Washington their
individual replies. 1t cannot he said
now whether all Latin American ma
tons will accept the reservations. but
this is not considered as minimizing
the concrete display of neiGhborliness
cited, nor did the dispatches record
any Latin American delegates as op-
posing the reservations.
About the time the main conference
in Geneva adjourned and left the
reservations In the hands OF small
committee, President Coolidge let 1t
be known at his Summer home that
he was confident the reservations
would be found acceptable, and then
he made a pronounCement about the
fifth reservation of a significance
which no doubt did not pass unnoticed
in Geneva He said tho reservations
we're not intended TO give the United
States any special privileges. but
equality with members of the councii
in the matter of advisory opinions
This answered in an authoritative way
those delegates In the conference VINO
expressed fear OF lack of understand
ing Of the motives underlying the
reservations. Senior Zumeta was READY
| to accept the reservations even II
they did accord the United states
some privilege, but he soon had the
Presidents statement that such was
not the American intention.
Members Of Court.
The Latin American nations mem
hers of the World Court. besides Cuba
! Uruguay and Venezuela, are Bolivia,
| Brazil. Chile. Colombia, Costa kica >
Dominican Republic. Haiti. Panama
| Paraguay and Salvador. Under IN"
reservations, any one of these ~ ma
tions could prevent American adner
ence to the court. as could any othel
of the As nations in the court.
The fact that the United States ~
the last fiscal year sold twice as much
merchandise to South America az IN
| 1922 is believed to be due not only TO
| increa sed purchasing power in that
area. but in some degree to the better
relations existing politically between
the United States and its southern
neighbors. ,,.,..,
The scrupulous respect the CniteI
States has had for the sovereignty OF
the Latin American countries, the re
peated declarations by President
Coolidge and his predecessors that
the United States does not covet any
of their territory and will not inter
fere in purely domestic affairs appar
| entity are winning confidence in what
Senior Zumeta graciously described as
1.-THE most powerful democracy the
world has ever seen.
1t is no diplomatic secret that some
leaders in these smaller nations nave
at times feared the United states
The fact that the spokesman of one
| Of them is able to see a thigh mora
! significance" in the support the
| United States offers to give TO til.
| World Court is interpreted as showing
that this fear is being dissipated. anu
| is seen as one more proof or the
solidarity of the Pan-American Union
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
OH, SHATES IN WEST MAY SOLVE
GASOLINE PROBLEM OF FUTURE
Cost Of Production Bars Extensive Utilization No"
Of Vast Resources-Wels May Play
Out i'm Dozen Years.

and by the discovery of new pools
there will be no danger OF running
short of oil.
The extraction of oil from shales
in this country Is in an experimental
stage, though European countries
Scotland and Esthonia. nota"'y-haFe
solved the problem. the oil shale In
dustry having been successfully estap-
lished long ago. Unlike the OIL from
wells which is pumped direct from
the ground ready to be refined, the
shales must first he mined. then
crushed then retorted and refined.
Experiments Going On.
No American process has yet been
devised whereby this can be done IN
successful price competition with vel
oil. though all through Colorado and
Utah experimental work in retortinS.
fostered by the United States Bureau
of Mines, which has imported an e%-
perienced shale oil engineer from Scot.
land TO show the way, is now III
progress.
AS long as the cost of producing
shale oil is higher than that of OBJ
tanning OIL from wells. and as long
as we'll oil lasts or can be imported
In sufficient quantity. the huge shale
mountains of the West will continue
to hold their treasure in reserve. The
question is one of simple economics.
AS long as there is plenty of gas
10 be had at every turn in the road
the careless motor car driver will pay
but little attention to the source of
supply. When. some fine day. he
wakes up to the fact that he must
pay q great deal more for his Juice -
he may become interested in those
Western mountains.
Although oildom SCOTS at the idea
of shortage and decries the esti-
mates of the biologists, their actions
speak louder than their words. There
is scarcely a large oil concern in the
world Including the United States.
for 1t is a heavy consumer) that has
not taken the precaution to supply
itself with large shale oil holdings
where quiet experiments are being
conducted in methods of extraction.
The oil is there, they know. How
to get 1t economically is their prob
lem-and the problem is being rapidly
solved.
tCopyriEht 1927
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
Laborer's Bad Aim With Pieca of Cheese
Turned Into Contribution to Science

The story of how an Italian laborer.
seated on box eating his lunch in
plating plant, made a lasting contri-
button to his employer and to sci
ence is told by DR.. William Blum,
chemist of the United States Bureau
OF Standards and president Of the
American ElectrochemIcal Society.
Officials of the company in ques-
ton, makers of photograph records.
upon noting a marked increase in the
hardness of the copper disks from
which photograph records are stamp
ed, subsequently sent samples of the
plating bath for analysis, which re-
vealed that organic matter was
present.
At a complete loss to explain the
presence Of any foreign matter In their
electrolytes used for depositing cop
per electrically. careful inquiry de-
veloped the fact that an Italian labor
err had playfully tipped a piece OF
cheese at fellow worker. the cheese
missing it's mark and falling into the
tank where the metallic disks con-
tanning Photographic records were
being deposited. The monograph
company found that the hardening ef-
feet was due to the casein in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1926-09-12
BY HENRY w. BUM.


HE following is a brief sum-
mary Of the most important
news of the world for the
seven days ended September
IL:
The British Empire.-The annual
British Trades Union Congress was
held at Bournemouth during the
week, The general tone of the ut
terances was moderate, In marked
contrast to the prevailing bolshevistic
tone of the speeches at last years
congress. 1t is highly significant
that a proposal in effect indorsiAg
the principle of the general strike
was rejected by an overwhelming
ma jority. The home Office refused TO
admit to England NJ. Tomsky, the
| president of the AllRussian Council
Of Trades Unions, and his fellow Rus
sian delegates to the congress IL
will he remembered that M. Tomsky
| was the hero. so to speak. OF last
Years congress, and the British nome
secretary Is very much on MS JoD.
recorded last week how the dele.
gates conference Of the miners
| federation authorized the mines exec
,tive committee to submit proposals
for the setting up of a national agree
ment for the coal mining 1ndustr!
and how the committee noti1led tne
| Government that they "stood ready
To enter negotiations for q national
| agreement with a view to feduc-
| tion in labor costs to meet the I'm.
mediate necessities ofSthe industry.
It Is OF significance that the delegates ;
nIared no Limitation on the powers OIL
the committee except in regard "
| the method of wage agreement
| which must be national. AS tne
committee in its communication "
the government said nothing aoou.
the length Of the WORKING uay ~
seams q fail. assumption that they
are no longer intransigent vi "a
issue But what is of chief s1gniH-
20 nce "a that. whereas in their over
ture of a fortnight previous the
miners committee spoke of wage re-
auction only as a possibility, in TINS
latast communication they seem 10
take it for granted.
A committee headed by WINSTON
| churchill is conducting the govern
ment end Of the coal mining con-
troyersv. On receipt of the note
from the miners committee MI
Churchill invited the central com
n,ittee of the mining association
(owners) to confer with the miners
committee and his own committee on
the basis Of the miners proposal OF
negotiation. o,;,.d
The owners committee declined
would not discuss national agree
ment with the miners REPRESENT
lives. Mr.. Churchill hints at bring
ing pressure on the owners; ~
should be recalled that the Royal
Coal Commission suggested a com
promise between the method or ma
tional agreement and that of district
autonomy in wage determination.
Apparently as stiff a deadlock a as
ever; but really there are sundry
GOOD grounds for the belief that the
end of the coal strike is not far OIL
The Canadian Progressive party
which represents a farmers move
n,ant will not count for much in the
coming elections to the Canadian
House of Commons. The strength OF
that party has been In the prairie
provinces Of Manitoba, SASKATCHEWAN
! and Alberta. There are only ~ FRO