davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1926-11-07

war and more so with regard to
woman inventors than is true OF man.
Therefore, should history repeat IT.
self saw Patent Office officials. the
next Is years will show marked In
crease in the number OF patents
granted to woTen. .,
Prior to the~Outbreak OF the ClVil
War the patents granted to women
numbered less than half dozen
year. During the war and the years
, following the number of patents to
women rose at times to over 100. In
the decade ending 1867 there was an
| increase of 677 per cent over the pre-
ceding decade in number OF patents
granted to women. whereas the IN
crease in patents to men was only Z90
| per cent.
The United States Patent Office has
| issued nearly One-fourth the world
| patents since 1896 More than ,500.-
| 900 patents have been issued by the
office. compared with total OF less
| than $500, 900 issued by So foreign
countries combined. France occupies
second place in the list, followed by
Great Britain. Germany. Belgium.
Canada, Italy, Austria and Switzer-
/ land.
The patent system whereby an in
ventor was given limited enjoyment
Of his invention as a reward for his
services to the community originated
| in England in 1923. The famous
statute Of Monopolies" in that year
abolished all exclusive economic priv
ileges hut established the right OF an
| inventor to receive as reward from
the State a grant commensurate with
the services rendered.
The first patent granted In the
American colonies In pursuance OF
this statute was to Samuel WinslOw
by the General Court OF Massa
chusetts in 1641. for novel method
Of making salt Connecticut also
early encouraged invention and re
uuired as the basis of a patent grant
that the invention shall be judged
profitable to the country"
| Patent Office records show that the
basis for the present system In this
country is provision i'm the Consti
tuition that gives Congress the power
| to secure to inventors for limited
time an exclusive right to their re-
spective discoveries. Madison. the rec
ords show. was mainly instrumental
in introducing this provision into the
| Constitution in 1890. and under 1t the
Secretary of State. Secretary of War
and the Attorney General constituted
q board to examine applications and
| grant patents.
Evening star., 1926-11-07

ton to Confederate commanders to
whom it might be useful. | think
some of her information proved help
full to Jackson in his valley campaign
against Banks, Shields and MilrOy, for
this girl was OF the Valley of Virginia.
had relatives and friends in the val
ley, and, it would seem, had means for
getting information useful to the
Confederat tes while she was living IN
Martinsburg and later at Front Royal
and Winchester. | doubt her subtlety
as a Spy, because she was out-spled
by a Federal spy, and a man. She
trusted a letter to be taken to Gen.
jackson by a man she believed Con-
federate soldier. though warned by
her negro maid that he had been talk
ing with Northern soldiers. The fell
low carried Belle Boyd's letter to Gen.
Shields office and pretty soon the lady
was arrested and brought to Old Capt.
tol Prison.
RELLE BOYD wrote her narrative
in 1866 and it was published by
Saunders, Otley & Co.. Sc Brook street,
w, London. She was living in Lon
don, almost penniless. She was mar
ried in that city, put all ] know of
that is that her name was Belle Boyd
Hardinge. Perhaps you may get
something from a letter from a friend
of Belle to the editor of the London
Herald~a newspaper that was and
had been one of the eloquent Anglo
Confederate journals. The letter fol-
lows:
Sir: Your readers cannot have for
gotten the glowing description of the
recent romantic wedding of Belle
Boyd-La Belle Rebelle-so pleasantly
celebrated a few months since at
fashionable hotel in Jermyn street.
Alas, poor Belle. Her bridal dress
was like the snowfall on river.
Her husband of a day is now tasting
the sweets of a Yankee prison. and
she who was made his welded wife
yestreen' knows all the bitterness Of
poverty and exile after enduring for
many long and weary month the In
suits. sufferings and prosecutions of
tha old Capitol Prison. l heard the
afflicted lady say yesterday that she
had rather be there AS she was than
here as she is. Cut off from all
pecuniary resources at home, she has
had to part with her jewelry. piece
by piece, including her wedding pres
ents, to pay her weekly bills. We
can we'll understand how trouble like
that would smite the heart of a high
toned woman, the daughter of af-
fluence and luxury, even more cruelty
than the tortures of Federal prison.
Without further comment / will only
Evening star., 1926-11-07

of the colds), and family history
showing susceptibility to colds.
People who had these characters
tics. and also people who were addict
ed to regular, violent exercise, were
more predominant in group 8"
chose who had four or more colds a
year, than in group L. those who
had no colds at all, or at most only
one year,.
Since this test had discovered moth
ing conclusively, DR.. Barrow thought
the answer might lie in the way
rooms are heated, or in the use of
sleeping porches, or in the change
from home to college conditions, or in
the climatic change due to coming
from a different section of the coIKl-
try.
But his questionable also showed
nothing conclusive. These factors
seem to make little difference one
way or the other AS a matter of
fact. students using sleeping porches
reported slightly more colds than did
those sleeping in ventilated bedrooms
but the difference is so slight as to
give no significant results at all from
a scientific standpoint. Evidently
the predominant cause" Of colds. 4
there Is one. Is still to be found.
Evening star., 1926-11-07

to that section of the Southern army
known an the Stonewall Brigade. y
She tells of the camps at MartinsburG
and Harpers Ferry and the early
campaign of Patterson in western
Virginia. At the time of Bull Run
the lady was at Front Royal. ITO
this romantic retreat my uncle and
aunt had fed as deer fly for safety.
They had resided in Washington. but
their Southern sympathies were too
strong or too openly expressed to
allow of their remaining unmolested
in the Northern Capital. They left a
magnificent house. replete with hand
some furniture, prey to the Yankees,
who converted it into barracks"
After the first Bull Run Confed-
crate hospital was opened at Front
Royal. II bore my part and before
long was duly installed one Of the
Evening star., 1926-11-07
!. Ellie BOYD. the Rebel spy.

~ Ellie BOYD, the Rebel spy.
- Gen. James S. Wadsworth,
military governor of the Dis
- trict Of Columbia. issued the
following from headquarters
Of the military district of Washing
ton, August 90. 1862:
Maj. Gen. Dix.
Fort Monroe.
General: / am directed by Gen.
Thomas to forward you all OF the pris
oners of war confined In the Old Capl-
tol Prison. Inclosed herewith are lists
Of the prisoners forwarded. l for
ward, likewise. Miss Belle Boyd.
Young lady arrested on suspicion OF
having communication with the
enemy. I have agreed that she shall
be placed over the lines by the first
flag of truce. which is in accordance
with her wishes. No specific charge
or information has been lodged
against her"
That list of prisoners sent to Fort
Monroe and thence to City Point for
exchange is not among the records OF
the rebellion. a valuable paper gone
On the day OF the notice of Gen.
Wadsworth to Gen. DiX-August 20,
1ss2-the following special order was
issued by Assistant Adjt. Gen. John p.
Sherburne:
"A
fnement in Old Capitol Prison desir.
Gus of being exchanged will be forth
with sent to the transport Juniata,
foot of Sixth street, to be taken to
Fortress Monroe. The provost mar
shel will Immediately detail one COM
petent commissioned officer and 20
men to take charge of these prisoners.
The officer so detailed will, on his ar
rival at Fortress Monroe renort 10
Maj Gen. Dix. commanding. lie will
also take charge OF Miss Belle Boyd,
now confined In Old Capitol Prison,
and turn her over to Maj. Gen. Dix to
he sent through the lines to the
South"
Seeking matter to make this historic
sketch of Old Capitol Prison. l came
on the papers referring to Belle Boyd.
The name must turn back your
thoughts. Belle Boyd. "a Virginia girl
with acquaintance in Washington, was
much talked Of as Confederate spy.
She was a clever woman. My belief
is that she was not that kind of
beauty who wins crowns in carni-
walls, but I think she had a keen and
sprightly mind, magnetic manner and
comely face and figure. She eXerted a
strong influence over men-men In op-
posing armies. How good a spy she
was, how useful to the Confed2racy,
how DANGEROUS 10 the Union one can
not estimate.
Perhaps there was something of
fable in the reputed exploits OF this
woman. There is no doubt that she
got from Federal sources such in
formation IS she could Of troop move
nnents, and that she sent the informa.
Evening star., 1926-11-07

'matrons.' My office was very labori-
Gus one and my duties painful in the
extreme, but then, as always, I al
lowed but one thought to keep pos
session of my mind-the thought that
l was doing all a woman could do in
her Country'S cause
She speaks fondly of Henry Ashby-
Col. Ashby-and his brother Dick, a
Confederate officer killed early in the
war. 1t seems that during the valley
fighting between Jackson and the
Union armies of Banks, Shields and
NIilroy. Miss Boyd was called a spy.
and it was at this time that she wrote
a letter to Gen. Jackson and sent it
by Northern spy, who took 1t to
Gen Shields. She was arrested by
Northern soldiers. taken under escort
of a cavalry regiment to Harpers
Evening star., 1926-11-07
BY C. MORAN.

" HE Women's Bureau Of the
Department of Labor has
been making an analysis of
Il Patent Office records to de-
termine the part that women
play in inventive roles. They have
found that upward of 500 Govern :
ment patents year now are granted
TO woman inven ors ard that more
patents were granted TO women In a
recent 10-year period than were is
sued during span of century
ended in 1895.
Womans greater participation in
Industrial pursuits now is given as
one OF the chief factors in Develop
ing formerly unsuspected mechanical
genius. And. as with men, the rec
ords show that women's inventions
are the outcome Of necessity in an
effort to tighten physical hardships.
The patents cover machinery and
processes throughout the range Of so
industrial lines from agriculture to
woodturning.
A Florida woman recently informed
the Government officials that she in
vented a fertilizer distributor as a
resul, of Yankee laziness, I reckon.
didn't like The idea Of bending
my back so much, hence the dis
tributor." A Texan woman. who OBJ
tanned letters patent for a new and
useful improvement on a cultivator
tongue, wrote that having been
raised on a farm and seeing that
there was needed improvement on
cultivator tongues. / made up my
mind to impSove on the old-style
tongue"
A Minnesota woman invented a
portable smokehouse. She declared
that "as a farmers wife my duty
was TO cure meats For summer use
and smoked meat is very much IA
vored in my family. tried To make
mine without expense and after l
completed this device l used it suc-
cessfully TWO wears before | obtained
q patent on il"
There are few instances Of agri-
cultural inventions patented by
women who are not farmers. but they
are exceptions. For example, an
adjustable rake. handy in gardening.
was Invented by golf teacher who
had been Inconvenience by golf
balls getting lodged in places out Of
arms reach cr in streams. She de-
vised the rake first simply to re-
cover the errant balls. The wider
usefulness of the device was so ap-
broader patent.
Women's patents dealing with manu-.
facture are concerned with the basic
processes of some Of our most i'm
portant and some highly technical in
dustries. such as chemical manufac-
ture and the construction of power
machinery. New dyes and new dye
bases; chemical treatment OF oils for
commercial purposes; artificial fuels,
gas appa ratus, air compressors. hoist
ing apparatus. reversible turbines and
scores OF other devices are included in
the list.
Steam and street railway traffic
Evening star., 1926-11-07

at a New York hotel two years ago I
could hear all that man in the next
room said over the telephone" An
other woman invented horse collar
that would prevent the breaking Of
collars at the bottom while the rest
Of the collar Is perfectly good"
Evening star., 1926-11-07

Many firearms have been invented
by women. the list including auto
matte pistols. mountaineering appara-
tus, a cane gun, an incendiary ball,
railway torpedoes, sights for guns.
submarine mines and a top for pow
der cans. A miscellaneous list in
Evening star., 1926-11-07
Black Phosphorus.

RLACK phosphorus. hitherto sup.
- posed to be pure phosphorus
turned black as result of sudden cool
ing, is produced by the contact OF
phosphorus with mercury or with
some salt of mercury on which It can
react at the moment when II passes
from the liquid to the solid state.
Molten phosphorus dissolves mercury
giving a colorless solution. When
cooled the saturated solution remains
colorless in all low temperatures. but
II the phosphorus solidifies the solidi-
f1cation is very weak and the mercury
leaves the solidified phosphorus and
colors II black
II black phosphorus Is melted. the
mercury Is easily redissolved In the
surrounding phosphorus and the whole
body becomes colorless. This IL the
correct explanation Of the phenor :.
'enon.
Evening star., 1926-11-07

decade has exceeded that of patents
to men by as much as 800 per cent in
some years.
Another striking fact is that
the history of the Patent Office is
that there is great increase in in
ventive industry in decades following
Evening star., 1926-11-07

cludes voting booths, voting machines
and pocket ballot.
Although the number of patents
granted to men is seventy times that
gra nted to women, the records show
strkinSly that the percentage increase
In patents to women from decade to
Evening star., 1926-11-07
Women Prove Inventive Genius Through Patent Office

aYaGaE Respective
MueC
Appiat HneB eBxmNhd de nReantYe
Evening star., 1926-11-07

One Of the treasures of El-Azhar,
the great Moslem university in Cairo.
In the royal copy of the KoranK says
Around the World: Every letter Is
printed In gold.
Evening star., 1926-11-07

" HE Women's Bureau Of the
Department of Labor has
been making an analysis OF
Il Patent Office records to de-
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
10000 RUN
CARGO TAKEN
By International News Service

BY International news serves
BOSTON. July S.Customs off
GERS today continued search of
the steamship Cretan following the
discovery OF 10000 gallons of alco-
hoi and assorted choice liquors
valued at s75O,OOO in the hold and
inches of the vessel.
Ostensibly carrying a cargo OF
waste paper, mesh wire and soft
coal, the ship. after sailing week
ago for Portland and Philadelphia,
unexpectedly arrived here and Gus
toms officials, tipped that the vessel
was loaded with liquors. boarded
her and arrested her captain and
crew OF %.
The ship recently was sold by the
Merchants and Miners Transports
ton Company to the Atlas Charter
ling, Corporation oe Baltimore, and
lin turn was disposed of to the
Consolidated, Navigation Company,
according to records here.
The Cretan, it was stated, prob.
ably will be forfeited to the United
States Government under the law
governing smuggling craft.
The arrested men included Frank
Beddell. 40, and Henry Pool, 40, Of
Baltimore; Frank Eassen, As, of
Philadelphia, and William Patten,
2S, Of San Francisco.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
GAS LIGHT COMPANIES
WAIT FOR REVAL UATloNs

Pending appointment OF the new
Public Utilities Commission and
adoption by Congress of the jotnt
resolution providing funds fro max
ing regulations, the Public Utilities
Commission has denied the Wash
ington and Georgetown Gas Light
companies hearings on valuations
fer rate revision.
Engineer Commissioner J. Frank
lin Bell wrote To the companies ex-
planning the position of the COM
mission, saying that it would be in
advisable at this time to take up
such matters which should be con-
sidered first hand by the new body.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
CATHOLIC WOMEN HEAR
REPORTS ON SCHOOLS

The District Council of Catholic
Women held an executive board
meeting yesterday a the home Of
the president. Mrs. Charles p. Neil
TO inearsa report from Miss Rebecca
STANLEY. chairman Of Religious Va.
cation Schools, on the progress ri
schools conducted by the council
Schools are conducted at Gly
mont. Solomon's Island and La
Plata, Nd.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
What's Doing Today
and Tomorrow

Dance - National Fellowship Club.
Washington Hotel, p. m. Strangers
invited
Meeting-Kit Carson Post. No. 2.
G. A. r.. G. A n. Hall, 1912 Pennsyt-
vania Ave. N. w, 2 p m.
Concert-Marine Band. sylvan Thea
ter Monument Grounds 7:30 p. m
Concert-Soldiers Home Band. band
stand on home grounds 5:45 p m.
Goncert--Navy Band, Navy Yard
bantstand, 4 p, m.
cancert-Naty Band. Navy lard
bandstand Z p. m.
Concert--Army Band. Washington
Barracks $3.50 p. m.
Hospital, 1880 p. M
Concert--Community and Civic Bands.
Meridian Hill Park. Sixteenth and
Euclid Streets Northwest. 1880 p. m.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
wear fewer clothes at a time in

summer. x
The figures on shoes compiled by
the department show that manu-
facturers turned out 44.026,054 pairs
of women's shoes up to June 1, as
against 33,152. 1876 pairs for men.
During May S.22S.435 pairs of won-
for men.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08
WOMEN WEAR MORE
SHOES THAN MENU. S.

Z IINt6N'e u w IT. Z.
The Department of Commerce re-
vea1ed yesterday that women wear
more than men. The announce,
nnent did not mention other wearing
apparel, and it is assumed they still
The Washington times., 1926-07-08

The United States Lighthouse
Service has more automatic aids to
navigation in use than any other
country in the world.
The Washington times., 1926-07-08

they die. And they all
die. The secret ingredient
In BLACK FLAG strangles
them. It is the surest,
swiftest death ever dis
covered for flies, mos
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1926-12-03
AUGUSTA LOCALS
telephone Your Locals to 1877

MIS-. Ebert Crosby Of Camden was
visiting friends in this city YESTERDAY.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1926-12-03

design being found in those made Of
Indianhead with Bradford cloth Dor
der and ricrac trimming.
Colorful bits Of neeSiiework, sew.
eral articles featuring the silhouette
design in cross stitch, lace and rib
bon trimmed lingerie, pillows. bags.
and a large display of pillow slips,
beautifully worked, adorned the
fancy table. Mrs. F. r. Carter was
chairman Of the fancy table, which
was one of the most popular to the
gift-seeker.
The Fisher Club. with Mrs. Herbert
Caldwell chairman, had charge Of q
table devoted to children's articles,
where one might find q gift for girl
or boy and even the tiniest tot. Pom
gee dresses with smock design, DAM
ty little rompers for the boy were
here in a choice assortment.
The Standard Bearers also had
their individual table In charge of
Mrs. r. w. Kimball, where one might
find miscellaneous articles, odd and
useful gifts adorned the table in
pleasing variety.
At o'clock tea sandwiches and
cake were served from the tea table
Of which Mrs. Carl N. Garland and
Mrs. Ralph w. Rowe had charge.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1926-12-03
B. p. w. Members.
Hear Talk by State
Health Dept. Head

A very delightful supper session
or the Augusta Business and Profess
sional Women's Club was held Thurs
day evening at the Augusta Girls
Community Club. After the supper
DR.. George H. Coombs of the State de-
partment of health gave a most inter-
esting talk on the advantages of a
yearly physical examination. He sup
plemented the talk with appropriate
moving pictures which proved equally
as interesting.
At the business meeting which fol-
lowed it was decided that the club
would send box on the Christmas
ship which is to be sent to the war or
phans Of Rumania by the National
Federation Of Business and Profession
Al Women's Clubs. This ship will bear
gifts from the various local organixa-
lions throughout the country ana they
will be received and distributed by
Princess Ileana of Rumania.
All members of the local club are
urged to have their contributions at
the Katherine Gray dress shop by De-
cember as the box must be in New
York by December Is. Suggested
gifts are candy, raisins, matted. con-
densed and evaporated millis, chill
dren's clothing (spring), shoes. PEN
ellis, crayons. and all toys except lead
and tin. which are barred because of
their weight.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1926-12-03
CONTINUE LIQUOR
| CASE AGAINST TAXI
SERVICE PROPRIETOR

Ernest Cote proprietor Of the yell
! low Cab Company, was arraigned
| before Judge Robert A. Cony In
! Augusta municipal court, Thursday
morning, on a charge of transport
ing intoxicating liquor without q
Federal permit. preferred by Deputy
| Sheriff Arthur G. Robinson OF Gar
diner, and after hearing the evidence
of the state and the defense, Judge
/ Cony reserved decision and cont1n-
| ued the case until next Tuesday and
Mr.. Cote was released under bonds
| Deputy Robinson testified that on
| Wednesday evening he in company
| with Deputy Sheriff Forrest G.
Brown went to the Thomaston road
! in the performance of their duties,
and a short distance from Stone
street they came upon d closed car
stopped by the roadside.
Investigation by Deputy Robinson
brought to light pint bottle OF al
cohol, which was under the rear
seat cushion. Mr.. Cote. the driver
of the pulic car, denied knowledge
of the presence of the liquor and
told the officers that q passenger
who had employed him to convey
him to the National Home had just
| Jumped out Of the car and he was
awaiting him. Deputy Brown cor-
roborated the testimony of Mr..
Robinson.
Attorney Burleigh Martin appear
ed for the defense and the only wit
ness who took the stand was the re.
spondent, Mr.. Cote. He told
straightforward story concerning the
passenger, whom he said had called
at his office on Water street and
had sought to purchase liquor. Mr..
Cote informed the man that he did
not deal in the stuff, after which the
man went away to return again
shortly. seeking conveyance to
Togus.
When out on the Thomaston road
at q point q little distance west of
the Cony crossing, the man, whom
Mr.. Cote believed to be member Of
the National Home, suddenly called
upon him to stop and jumped from
the car before it had been brought
10 a stop. Mr.. Cote denied that ne
had any knowledge Of the presence
of the bottle of alcohol