davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

by the power house ASSISTANTS, are on
strike. They hope to kill the com
pany union and be free men again.
All Cap Makers Out
The third important strike is of
1000 cap makers, controlling nearly
all factories making cloth hats and
caps. These cap makers are out for
a substantial wage increase and also
for the 40-hour week. A number of
settlements have been sanctioned and
these point to the establishment of
the shorter work week of 40 hours
by July, 1927.
Neither the cloakmakers or cap
makers are bothered by non-union
workers, but the subway strikers are
confronted with an army of thugs,
recruited by the company from the
entire country. They are housed in
a steel barricaded fort on 147th street
and Seventh avenue. One-half works
running trains while the other half
sleeps under guard
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
bob" WOODMANSEE
Well Known Labor Editor,
Is Married

By International Labor News Service.
Chicago.-Robert E. Woodmansee,
secretary-treasurer of International
Labor News Service, and Miss Laura
M. Butler, instructor in the CONNER
cial department of the high school
at Springfield, H., were married in
the parlors of the Chicago Temple
Methodist Church, the Rev. DR.. John
Thompson officiating. Miss Rosella
Butler, sister of the bride, and Ed
ward F. Woodmansee, son of the
bridegroom, were the attendants.
Bob" Woodmansee, as he is better
known in trade union circles, is edi-
tor of the Illinois Tradesman, official
organ of organized labor at Spring
field, ILL.,, and is member of the
board of education of that city. He
is a member Of the Springfield Typo
graphical Union and has represented
that union as delegate to many con-
ventions of the Illinois State Feder-
alton of Labor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Woodmansee will take
a wedding trip in the East, visiting
Atlantic City, Philadelphia and New
York. They will live temporarily at
1886 Grand Boulevard, South, upon
their return to Springfield.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
CHEAP-LABOR
HEADSTONES
Opposed For Graves of us.
Dead in France

Washington.-The plan Of the
American Battle Monuments Commits
sion to purchase cheap-labor French
or Italian headstones for the 10000
graves of American soldiers in France
brought a firm protest from Edgar
Wallace, legislative representative of
the American Federation Of Labor, in
a hearing before Acting Secretary of
War MacNider.
The act Of congress making appro-
priations for the headstones did not
specify that they should be Of Amer
ican manufacture. Taking advantage
of this unintentional omission, the
American Battle Monuments Commits
sion, Of which General John j. Per-
shing is chairman, called for inter-
national bids for the work.
1 Mussolini's Fascist contractors bid
$14.5O for headstones Of Carrara
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

6.5 per cent of the women's clothing.
There are $4,000 textile mills in the
Philadelphia district, employing about
100000 persons.
Many of the textile mills have been
running only part time since May l..
The woolen mills are running about
so per cent of capacity, and the silk
and knit goods mills about 70 per cent
of capacity.
Employment in the textile mills of
the district has dropped 1917 per cent
in four months, and wage payments
have fallen off 1871 per cent. The
drop in the woolen trades amounts to
% 2-10 per cent in wages.
At the same time wool has climbed
in price, with the result that women
are shifting from woolens and wor-
steds to silks. Fewer wcmen's suits
are being worn, and one-p piece dresses
are the fashion.
The men in the textile trades expect
the slump to continue during the win
ter. More closed automobiles are be-
ing used, while trains, street cars,
office buildings and homes are better
heated, making lighter clothing pop
ular.
Mems wear is also affected by the
changing condition, particularly cot
ton underwear, and lighter suits. The
shoe people say that the Oxford type
is becoming more general throughout
the year.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
MACHINISTS WIN
ORGANIZING DRIVE

Washington. - The international
Association of Machinists has receiv-
ed information that the National
Automobile Dealers Association has
created defense fund to oppose the
efforts Of the machinists to organize
employees of automobile garages and
service stations.
The organizing department of the
Machinists' Union interprets this
action as an acknowledgment that the
drive to unionize garage workers is
a success.
In localities where the anti-union
employers put up fight, the union
machinists at once start cooperative
shops and compete successfully with
the anti-union bosses. Strikes in the
automobile branch of the Machinists
Union do not cost the organization a
penny. The men either start CO.
operative shop or get job in shops
where experienced union automobile
mechanics are demanded.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
Labor Upheavel in Gotham
Recalls Postwar Period
and Cap Makers Make Determined Fight for
Higher Pay and Better Working Conditions

try, such as is now in progress, in
evitable.
Funds Are Contrasted
How different the struggle of the
cloakmakers, fortified by 25 years of
experience and millions in strike
funds, with the desperate stand of
the motormen and switchmen of the
subway system for wage increase.
Browbeaten by the management for
ten years and chained to their COM
pany union, they went on strike with
out preparation, without funds, with
out trained leaders. In frantic re-
volt at wages a common laborer
would scorn, these skilled men broke
the chains that held them docilely for
decade and are now in conference
hoping to become members of the
Amalgamated Association of Street
and Electrical Railway Employees of
America, and bona fide members of
the American Federation of Labor.
They are writing also a chapter in
labor history, for it is the first strike
to secede from a company union. The
struggle dates back to 1916, with the
founding of the Interborough Broth
erhood or "sisterhood" as the strikers
call it, by the company to wean the
men from a real union.
Spies Constantly at Work
Having formed the company union,
every worker employed had to sign
yellow dog contract renouncing all la
Dor connections. Any objection to the
managements' will, any protest over
inadequate wages and resistance to
injustice under this contract was suf-
ficient cause for dismissal. The men
were enslaved at wage of $4.62
day for first year switchmen and but
$5.52 day for first year motormen.
They got small increases with each
years service but never reached the
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
CANCER
Brings Death to Cotton
Spinners

London, Eng.-Mule spinners' can
Ger, an occupational disease affecting
cotton mule spinners between the age
of 45 and 55 sixty times, and between
the ages of 55 and rs hundred times
as great as that in the general popu-
lation, according to a report of a
committee appointed by the home sec
retary.
The disease also attacks the work
ers engaged in the distillation Of coal
tai, manufacture of patent fuels, and
in other occupations where "soot, GER
tain tars, pitch, and some mineral
oils" are the exciting cause"
In the case of the cotton spinners,
the committee concludes that the dis
ease is due to the prolonged action of
mineral oils, used in oiling the spin
dies of the mules, which get onto
the mems clothing"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
CLOSE MINES
That Don't Pay, Advises
British Miners Chief

Swallownest, Eng-"I will never
sign any paper which takes you back
for more than 7-hour day." declared
Hebert Smith, president of the Min
ers' Federation, in discussing the
mining lockout before large gather
ing of miners.
'Our people are down as far as
they can Co." he said, "and the next
move must be upward"
He held that the pits which did not
pay should be closed down and a
board of six, consisting of two min
ers, two owners and two representa-
tives of the public should fix an eco
nomic price for the sale of inland
coal.
He expressed himself strongly op-
posed to any family allowance
scheme, claiming that under private
enterprise the owners would naturally
take men with small families.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

that poor boys and girls should not
be sent to school past the lower
grades.
"This propaganda" declared the
speaker, "has convinced many parents
that they are over-educating their
children
Back of this opposition is the de-
sire of the manufacturers and big
business men to get poor boys and
girls into their kitchens and factories.
"They always evade the issue. They
never plead industry's cause.
IF the child labor measure is
national bill, they stick up for state
rights. If it is a proposed state law,
they base their opposition on the con-
tention that the rights of communi-
ties would be outraged"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
LA TOILETTE
Asks Ban on Buying u. S.
Senate Seats

Washington.-A person elected to
the United States senate will be de-
barred from seat in that body if the
expenses of his primary campaign for
nomination are in excess of S25, ,000
according to a resolution introduced
by Senator La Toilette, of Wisconsin,
member of the senate committee
Investigating the Pennsylvania pri-
mary
In the Newberry case the United
States supreme court declared that
congress does not have the power to
enact legislation limiting expenditures
in connection with primary elections.
Since that decision there has been
no federal legislation on the matter
and many states have failed to enact
adequate corrup practices acts.
Senator La Toilette points out that
the supreme court decision and the
delinquency of state legislatures
affords an opportunity ''for wealthy
candidates or those backed by rich
and powerful interests to attempt to
buy their seats in the senate by the
use of huge slush funds in the pri-
mary campaigns.
"In Pennsylvania alone the ascer-
tanned expenditures for the various
candidates have already reached the
staggering total of between S2,o0O,-
100000 and $3,000,0o0.
''Such debauchery of the electorate
means the eventual destruction of
representative government in the
United States"
The Wisconsin senator's resolution
would have the senate itself meet the
emergency by the enactment of sem
ate rule barring from that body any
individual whose primary campaign
expenses exceed $500. The resolu-
ton is based on the section of the
United States constitution which pro-
vides that each house shall be the
Judge of the elections, returns, and
qualifications of it's own members.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
Why Accidents Occur On
Strike-Bound Subways

A prison-like structure, barri-
caded, with armed guards on
watch. Inside the scourings of
the nations strikebreakers, re-
cruited to run the New York sub
ways. The usual greeting to the
newcomer is:
Hello, Bo! When did you get
out 2"
The most of them are jailbirds.
Finks, they art known by the
workers. They are a profession
al army maintained by the trac-
ton companies to break strikes
anywhere in the nation. These
men in New York are marshalled
by a Mr.. Buck. More than 500
have been brought in from Phil
adelphia, Chicago, Detroit and
New Orleans.
AS the result of their employ
ment as experienced motormen,"
there have been two wrecks. So
far no one has been killed.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

ed at the headquarters of the United
Mine Workers here. Dozens of others
are only working two days a week
at the starvation wage rate. Load
ers receive as little as 80 cents
ton and outside and day men receive
321a cents an hour, working one or
two days a week.
Wages, in other words, have gone
far below the 1917 wage scale and
there is nothing to prevent the COM
panies from making further reduc-
tions. The Pacific Coal Company was
one of. the concerns that boasted
loudly as to what it would be able to
do if the 1917 scale was only in effect.
This company has posted notices MAX
ing drastic reductions in wages. A
cut of 10 cents an hour from the 1917
scale was made affecting men get
ting more than the scale. Men get
ting less than the scale were cut 5
cents an hour
Miners are beginning to know that
the old hokum about lower wages
meaning more work is really hokum.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
Machinists Have New Leader
As A. @. Wharton Succeeds
Johnson, Retiring President

By International Labor News Service.
Washington. The International
Association of Machinists, the larg-
est metal trades union in the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor, has hidden
farewell to William H. Johnston, it's
able leader during one of the great
est crises in the history of America
the war and the wars aftermath and
the railroad shopmen's strike. In his
place at headquarters sits Arthur O.
Wharton, also veteran Of the organ
ization.
Former President Johnston's health
has been broken by the strain of his
work. He was not only foremost in
the rail strike, but in the forefront
of the progressive political movement.
He was elected international presi-
dent of the machinists in 1913. He
has record of 81 years service in
the organization.
Among his accomplishments was
the launching of the first labor bank
in America, the successful administra-
ton of the Machinists' Union during
the war, construction Of the unions
headquarters here, and his rebuilding
of the organization after the shock
of the rail strike. He has gone for a
two months vacation to his early
home in Providence, R. l., after four
teen and half years as the unions
executive.
President Wharton is the brains of
the machinists' railroad department
and the wisest labor counsellor on the
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

defunct railroad labor board of
which he was member continuously.
He was elected to lead the machinists
by the executive council. He has been
member of the union 35 years.
His career is typical of an American
labor leader. At the age of Ia he be-
came machinists' apprentice in To-
peka, Kan, served four years and
went to work as journeyman for the
Union Pacific railroad, and fought
through the big strike of 1893. There
after he travelled from shop to shop
as mechanic and union advocate
Five years later he became lodge
official in Kansas and from then on
began his career as union leader, his
best work being the organizing of
the Southwestern railroad shops. His
most signal triumph was the settle
ment of the Union Pacific strike in
1910 after the machinists had been
out nine months, said to be the most
complete victory over any railroad.
The next year he played a big role
in the Hartman strike and out of it
evolved the Federation of Shop Crafts
idea, to join all the crafts. In 1912,
when the federation was formed, he
was elected president. Two years lat
er he became president of the Railway
Employees department of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor. AS such
he was the logical man to represent
labor during the war on the railroad
labor board.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
SOUTH BEND PLANS
BIG LABOR DAY

BY International Labor News Service.
Indianapolis, Ind-The biggest La
Dor Day celebration in the history of
northern Indiana trade unions is
planned for next Labor Day by trade
unionists of South Bend. Speakers
of prominence will be present A
huge parade will be one of the feat
IlreS
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
CHILD LABOR LAWS
FOES ASSAILED

Philadelphia.-The motives Of man.
ufacturers' associations and big busi-
ness men in their opposition to child
labor laws were questioned by Miss
Grace Abbott, chief of the children's
bureau of the United States depart
ment of labor, in an address here be-
fore the annual convention Of the Ma
tional Education Association.
Miss Abbott charged that when
manufacturers associations and other
big business organizations could not
find any other reason for opposing
child labor laws they spread the idea
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
RADIO LICENSE
Is Finally Granted Chicago
Federation

Washington. - The department of
commerce has finally issued a broad
casting license to the Chicago Fedora
tion of Labor for radio station es-
tablished in a tower of the municipal
pier in Chicago.
The Federation has been carrying
on its fight for some time for the
right to broadcast, the department
having at first expressed disincli-
nation to grant the license. The fed
Grafton wins it's case.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
ANTI-UNIONISTS FAIL

Charleston, w. Va-The anti-union
campaign of the General Contractors
Association has collapsed. 1t started
with the usual bally -hooing about
liberty" and the "open' shop, but
the building workers held their lines.
All that is left of the association is
talkative president and few con-
tractless contractors.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
Cloakmakers' Big Walkout Is Signal
For Wave Of New York City Strikes

amount paid even the unskilled union
workmen. They work seven days a
week also and any day off is taken at
their own expense. They earned so
little that few ever took day off.
The company union was never al
lowed to raise penny for defense
Nevertheless the most vital men in
the service, the motormen, now aided
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23
By Staff Correspondent

International Labor News Service
New York City.-The general strike
of 10000 cloakmakers has brought a
wave Of strikes that recalls the hectic
1919 and 1920 period, one of the most
active in labor history when marine
workers, miners and railroad workers
went to the bat showing capital how
hard labor can hit when the occasion
warrants it.
With the city's most important in
dustry (the manufacture of women's
by a revolt of company union, the
cloth hat and cap makers on a gem
eral strike, labor occupies the front
pages of the newspapers, giving way
only when the navy's biggest arsenal
blows up or President Coolidge
catches a fish.
Biggest Industry Idle
Not a wheel has turned in the bill
lion-dollar cloak industry since the
strike began. The march of the work
ers from the shops was an inspiration
in itself. The cloakmakers know
they have long, obstinate struggle
ahead. The objectives are epochal-
the 4O-hour, 5-day week, 36 weeks of
guaranteed employment in the year,
an increase in the basic wage and
unemployment insurance.
In the last five years the industry
has grown to be very prosperous,
union leaders point out, while the
workers have been pauperized by the
evasion of union standards through
the gaining of control by the jobber-
a new factor in the industry. The
farming out of work by the jobber
to hosts of small contractors has re-
moved the control of labor conditions
from responsible organizations of
employers and labor and made bit
ter struggle to reorganize the indus
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1926-07-23

in the granite and marble industry Of
the United States.
Evening star., 1926-12-15
Way Found to Cook
Christmas Dinner
Two Days Before

Having found the way to let the
postman and the mail clerk go
home for Christmas dinner with
his family. the Government now
points the way so the homemaker
may spend the day in the front of
the house instead of over the
kitchen stove, preparing the festive
board. DR. Louise Stanley, chief
of the Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Home Economics. and
her assistants have worked it all
out so that Christmas dinner can
be prepared ahead of time and
offer 1t as holiday suggestion.
This does not mean cold
handout for the family, either
they say. "It means planning
ahead and selecting dishes for which
work can be done one or two days
before Christmas. Start right off
with the main course. Who needs
an appetizer before turkey and
fiXins? This means fewer dishes
to serve and fewer to wash, all OF
which require time. Besides, start
ing with the main course leaves
more room for the festive dessert
which usually accompanies a
Christmas dinner"
And there you are. Housewives,
or homemakerS, may obtain de-
tailed information as to how to
do it from DIR. Stanley.
Evening star., 1926-12-15
SANTA CLAUS A REALITY,
SAYS WILLIAM H. WHITE
Kansas Editor, Disbeliever In Many
Things, Declares Faith in
merry Old Gentleman"

By the Associated Press.
LAWRENCE, Kans., December
15.-William Allen White, Emporia
editor, who has forcibly expressed
himself as disbeliever in many
things, believes there is Santa
Claus. Speaking at the Christmas
convocation of the University of
Kansas here, Mr.. White declared his
belief in the merry old gentleman who
halls from the polar regions.
Il believe there is a Santa Claus"
he declared, "a. spirit which makes
people do the utterly unreasonable
things out of which comes happiness.
Civilization is made up of a lot
more than that which is just ma
terial Altrusm has played an i'm
portant part in the life of the pass
ing herds which have inhabited this
planet the last 100000 years or So"
The Emporia editor declared that
after every war there had been a
spirit of spiritual depression and that
although the United States is reputed
to be great creditor nation, he was
not proud of that fact. He said the
Nation was, as a matter of fact. a
great debtor nation, owing for civili-
ZatiOn.
Evening star., 1926-12-15
CITY PARKS MADE
! OF TONS OF SAND
Chicago Dumps Ship Loads
| in Changing Lake Mich
E igan Shore Lines.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, December Is. - Sand
from the shifting dunes of Indiana
and Michigan is sustaining much of
Chicago's new front yard. 1t also
has obliterated many railroad grade
crossings.
To push the edge of Lake Michi-
gan q half mile or more from the
original shore line for a distance of
Is miles, mountains of the material
have been poured into the lake.
Dredges, steam shovels and ships are
still sluicing the shifting material
in place, later to become hills and
esplanades.
Specially built ships bring the
sand from the Indiana and Michigan
shores. 1t is pumped into the holes
and then elected with large quanti-
ties of water by centrifugal pumps
behind breakwaters, which hold it
in place.
Melts Into Compact Mass.
The finely divided material melts
into a compact mass with the water
eXuding at the top, and a coating
of good soil makes the created land
suitable for park purposes. Ashes
and other clean refuse, debris or
wrecked buildings and earth exca-
waited from tunnels and easements,
also are dumped in the areas to be
filled. Dredges pump mud from the
lake just outside the breakwaterS and
scows haul dredged silt from the
Chicago and Calumet rivers.
With these filing substances,
Grant Park, miles long, in front
of the downtown business quarter,
has been made. A drive of many
miles has been built half mile from
the original shore, while still an
other will be built A half mile fur
ther in the lake another drive is
to be built 1t will be an island 8
miles long and nearly a half mile
wide, with a great stretch of water
between it and the shore fill.
Plans 10-MiIe Boulevard.
Lincoln Park is under extension,
and from its northern end a boule-
ward of elaborate proportions will be
made of sand for nearly 10 miles.
Below Lincoln Park is a plot of so
acres made of sand on which stand
many palatial hotels and the down
town campus of Northwestern Uni
versity.
In obliterating grade crossings, the
railroad tracks are first raised on
piling and then trainloads of silicon
are hauled on the trestle work from
the dunes. The sand is forced
through the bridgework until a ridge
of it buries the piling and the eleva-
ton is completed. Retaining walls
and riprap work are used to hold the
sand, and the roadbed is vibration
less.
Sand is not "dirt cheap" however,
as the expense of handling the free
commodity is great.