davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03
THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE :

he would disclose the other persons
In the plot, according 70 the paper.
A Dsld EAitssial
There follows IN anAlysis Of Eu.
rope and then slam Ut English use
Of mercenaries:
"Hessian and Brunswick princes,
true to the principles Of Cermsn
humanity. sell their subjects 70 be
the cutthroats Of the American
planters. for mere friendship 70 .
prince, against whom .Ae~ would let
out other armies to any other power.
He winds UP with this striking
' .TSe Earope.n prospect !. terri.
ble-it Is ne deciension Of every
noble principle Of freedom. These
rear the hesd beyond the Atlantic:
America, destined 70 chains, will Be.
come the parent Of Liberty--rear ND
the generous plant, and let IL have,
in some regions Of least, that exist
ence it is denied in Others"
finally 1.-THE Public ADVERTISE,
had on August a what Is practically
an editorial on the Declaration and
. very bold one:
Nothing can be . greater proof
Of the resources and courage Of the
Americans than reserving their Dec
laration Of independence till Gen.
eral Howe had arrived with the whoie
force against them.
II they had not the means Of de.
Tense or were not determined to fight
las their enemies give out) they
would have thrown down their arms
and flocked to the royal standard;
hut so far from this. It 10 only now
they seem to have adopted . prin-
ciple Of resistance which should
therefore hold out . very serious
Though late refloction) to Our min
istry, that they have hitherto been
uniformly wrong in their opinion Of,
and measures against, that country"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03
,|llAT HAPPENED in LONDON ON July
4 l77643 DAYS ELAPSED BEFORE
BRITISH PEOPLE HEARD The BIG NEWS

York and that several actions have
passed between them and the rebels
There WAS little other news in the
paper that day. The entire first page
Of The Advertiser was devoted to
ads. among them one announcing that
Samuel Foote. the great actor and
dIamalist. would appear mt the Hay
market theatcr in the maid Of Bath"
Money Was Cheap
There were notices about auctions
and sales. Money lenders offered
their guild at 5 per cent.
Newspapers in the London Of l77G
had only four small pages and cost
three pence. They had no pictures
and no screaming headlines such as
are found in the modern press.
Gables and radio were not dreamed
Of in those days and all the London
papers foreign news was obtained
from letters or talks with passengers
who came in on, the slow sailing
vessels.
So it was not until 43 days after
the Declaration Of Independence or
on August 16 that London heard the
big news
Even then London didn't get very
excited. King George, his advisers
and the people Of London did not
seem TO grasp the full meaning Of
the declaration.
All it meant was that the rebels
were more rebellious. They could
not foresce that its principles would
be echoed later in the French revOlu-
ton and that it was really the be-
ginnnc Of the birth Of democracy in
the world and the downfall Of kings
and tyrants.
All the Londoner saw in it was q
prolongation of troublesome fight.
Meant More Taxes
1t meant more taxes. 1t meant
more interference with the free rum
ming of sailing vessels bringing food
and supplies to England. There was
not much war news, although the
Boston tea party had occurred in
April 10. 1775.
Holland had issued an order for
bidding any Dutch ships carrying
| arms or ammunition to America.
On July 5 The Advertiser said Gen.
/, eral Howe was to take Long Island
and afterward make vigorous at
tack upon New York. Or else, he
| might move against Providence in
Rhode Island.
And now comes an amazing thing,
| "Thc Pujlio Advertiser probAi((y
was Wing newspaper and many OF
| the great Wing leaders had been
against drastic measures which drove
| the colonies into rebellion. On July
the editor boldly printed this:
| ITO the Printer Of the Public Ad-
vertiser.
Dear Sir:
| Il have observed two articles of
news in your paper this morning,
one of which informs US that Gen.
| cral Howes expedition is destined
against New York. And the other
article tells US that it is intended
against Providence. Now. MIR. Print
err. am apt to think there is more
truth in the last paragraph than the
paragraph maker is aware Of; and
that the said expedition is really and
truly against Providence. Indeed,
J think it has evidently appeared from
the fate Of all our expeditions in the
course Of this unnatural contest that
| Providence is on the other side.
II am. sir. one who glories in the
name Of American"
/ On July the editor printed tho
latest advices. saying that thousands
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03

by Florence Borner)

The Glorious Fourth again is here
With fun, and frolic and good cheer,
And lots of happy noise;
Let every voice triumphant sing,
OF Freedom, till the echoes ring,
Resembling all our joys.
Again will many speakers tell,
Of men who loved their country we'll,
And fought for it, and died,
That this fair land might ever be,
TIL. champion Of liberty,
Where Justice would abide.
They lie at rest; and on this Day,
Our homage to their deeds we pay,
Their dreams have all come truci
Our banner floats supreme, unfurled,
The champion of stricken world,
The grand Red White and Blue.
To the sweet haven Of this land,
Comes many worn, soul weary band,
70 lay it's burden down;
Then with it's heart surcharged with hope,
1t now perceves wider scope
Where each may have a home.
Land CT the Free, Home of the Brave,
What greater blessing could Man crave,
Than just to lie at rest;
TO sense the pureness Of thy air,
As love and peace rule everywhere,
While sunset tints the west.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03
my MILTON RRONNER)

london. july 3.--On July 4, l776.
the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia
pealcd dramatically as new nation
was born.
The American colonies---the richest
Of Great Britain's colonial posses
sicns had thrown off the British
yoke. In Philadelphia there natural
~ was great excitement and rejoic-
inn.
But what happened in London on
this most important day in the
worlds history?
There was not the slightest ripple
that reflected the daring step taken
iby the American colonists. "Busi-
ness as usual" prevailed.
The Kings Levee
An examination Of the yellowed
files Of the British newspapers OF
that date reveals only these rather
dull bits of news:
King George Iii. against whom the
Americans rebcllious spirit was
mainly directed, held levee.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03
Congress Doings
In Last Few Hours

President Coolidge tedsy signed
the omnibus pension bill, taking care
Of pension claims 81 : hundred Or
more civil war veterans. 4 grants
pensions Of many who pfevt0Usly
had not been On the rolls aud ID.
justs compensation Of others.
With the bill for government radio
control caught Ia Z deadlock IN con.
ference congress took steps today
to provide . temporary arrangement
for supervision Of radio facilities, I'M
til detection can b taken next Ses.
sion. A resolution brovldine for
such temporary control vas brought
forward first In the senate where
II quickly was adopted.
The deficiency bill, apprepriating
Isl ,000. 900 10 begin work this sum.
mer on federal buildings ID Various
cities, to expand prohibition enforce
ment facilities and for many other
purposes Vas signed tsday b. Prssi-
dent Coolidge.
In the dying hours Of the session,
Senator Nicely, Nemocrat, West vir-
9inia, was blocked to-day By Senator
Bleass, Democrat, South carslina,
when he tried 60 get action on hid
resolution limiting senatorial cam.
paign expenditures.
The bill Of Senator walsh, Demo
crst, Montana, prosecutor Of the Tea
pot Dome investigation. designed "a
expedite trial Of the naval oil leases
cases, was approved IN amended form
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03

London society, composed mainly Of
royal sycophants, flocked around him,
hut unlike the lcvees Of British roy
atty today there was no mention OF
Americans being received at court.
The king had come to London from
Kew few days previous. In meet
ing with the privy council. the cases
of several convicts ut Newgate prison
awaiting the death sentence were re-
portd to him and July 5. he returned
to Kew. his country home. blissfully
unaware Of the action taken by the
Continental Congress.
"War News"
In the July Fourth edition of The
Public Advertiser Of London there
was only one paragraph dealing with
conditions in America and it tended
to give the impression that the rebel
lion was being suppressed instead OF
being famed by the immortal pen Of
jefferson. the author Of the Declare
ton Of independence.
This paragraph read:
1T is confidently asserted that a
large body Of the friends to govern
ment are actually in arms in New
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03
IF THE DECLARATION
NAN DEEM 2lE NEn Tnl

HAO nEEAN oIn.N1n bObINb
How different Il would have
been IL the Declaration Of lnde-
pendence had bcen signed On
July 4, 1926, instead Of July :,
l776!
The ink on the parchment would
mot have been dry before the
mOmentOuS news would have been
flashed around the world.
81 In London. and every other
world capital the newspapers
would be filled with cabled ac-
counts Of it.
A few hours later London would
see y copy Of the actual declars.
ton, sent by the new radiophoto
process.
Pictures OF the modern John
Hancock and all the other ''reb-
els AZ they affixed their
5 signatures also would be sent by
wire and radio. Airmsil would
carry pictures 10 all parts Of the
United States.
But in l776 IL required six
weeks for London to get the news
and long time elapsed before
I the post riders carried the news
to all the American colonies.
What = striking illustration Of
the worlds progress In $50 years.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1926-07-03

I. Whalers IN the early days used 70
try - hin whales b. punct1rine tAeie
lungs With lanees.
Evening star., 1926-10-24

n K ANY of the Old Capitol pris-
nH oners. arrested in Washing
V ton and it's neighborhood in
L 1861, We're freed i'm Febru-
Evening star., 1926-10-24
Rambler Discusses Old Washngons Differing Views Slave

Wharton. December %, 1861. taking
up arms and aiding the rebels; w. l..
Fisher, December 20, 1861, forward
ing communications to the rebels:
Henry A. Stewart. December IL, 1861,
employed by J. p. Benjamin, rebel
Secretary of War; Charles Follen, De
cember 10, 1851. furnishing informa-
ton to the rebels and depressing
Union men; John F. G.. Offutt, Janu-
airy 90, 1862. communicating with the
rebels and forwarding goods to Vir-
ginia; John A. Marshall. January 3.
1862. carrying information to the
rebels; James Potter. January 20.
1862. spy and shooting Union pickets;
Oliver y. Bryan, January 81, 1859.
prisoner of State; Josiah e. Bailey.
February !. 1862, spy (rebel oflcer
clothes): r. w. Rosin. prisoner OF
State: Francis A. Dickens, spy: B. H.
Jenkins. recommitted NJ. T. Wal
worth. spy. connected with Mrs. Nor
ris and William T. Smithson; Mrs.
Morris and Smith, connected with
Walworth, sent to Washington by
Gen. Johnston: Mrs. Augusta H. Nor
ris tsame Mrs. Morris). spy: Thomas
!. Magruder. February IL, 1852. spy,
discharged; Thomas Haycock. Febru-
ary Is. 1862. spy; Warren Curtis. Feb
ruary 13. 1862, spy, prowling about
Union camps: William p. Bryan, Feb
ruary 81, 1862, spy and unquestion-
ably employed by the rebel govern.
ment: E. Pliny Bryan. spy. February
81, 1862. belongs to rebel signal corps.
r r
THE Rambler finds II necessary to
leave the remainder Of the list
for another ramble. The whole list
would make this story too long. But
l have room for an observation or
two. You see that Pliny Bryan was
charged with being a spy; Capt.
tween Surrattsville and PiscatawaY,
about IL miles southeast Of the Navy
Yard Bridge. In February, 1852, to
visit his mother. Susannah, he crossed
the Potomac. and walked to the old
place. IT is believed that negroes on
the plantation told Union soldiers of
his return. and he was arrested and
taken to the Old Capitol. He was not
on a spying trip. but on furlough to
visit his mother. who lived to be about
30 and died. I think. about rs years
ago. She Is buried In st. Mary's
Church yard, Plscataway.
Pliny Bryan was not tried az a spy,
but was held In the Old Capitol until
August 27. 1862. when he was ex.
changed for Capt. e. Bierer. 11th
Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserves.
Pliny continued in the Confederate
Army till his death from yellow fever,
near the close Of the war. William
P. Bryan and Pliny Bryan, arrested
on the same night, were brothers.
Uncle" Willie. as a good many boys
called him, lived until about Is years
agony memory for time 10 bad. He
died In Providence Hospital. and rests
in the family lot at Piscataway.
He left several children and a great
many kindred. l can tell you this
before kiss you good-by. that Uncle
Willie was not an ambitious man
and did not store much worldly
wealth. but everybody In the country
knew him, most everybody liked him
and many OLD hnys think fofdly Of
him.
Evening star., 1926-10-24

which it spread from confusion among
its own teamsters."
"Gen. Mcdowell has returned to
Arlington and the various regiments
of his command are resuming their
formeI positions"
For the seat of war.-Dr. A. J. Bor-
land of this city, having volunteered
his services to the Government, was
this morning furnished with pass
by Gen. Mansfield and started for the
seat of war to render professional aid
to the wounded
1.-THE steamers to Alexandria are
suspended from their regular trips to-
day by order of the Government
which doubtless needs them for trans
portation Of munitions of war, ETC."
On the evening following the battle
of Bull Run the city councils met
AS usual. and the play Colleen
Bawn'' and the farce Boots and the
Swan" drew a crowded house" at
'the theater.'
Let us now turn to Old Capitol
Prison. | have a list, dated March IT.,
1852. giving names of prisoners. date
Of arrest and charge. You will see
that some are charged with "assas-
sination Of U. s. pickets." Do not he
| shocked. They were men of Mosby's
Rangers or Whites Cavalry Of Lou
doun County, or were charged with
giving information to those troops.
They we're released from the Old Cap
itol, and l believe they were released
on taking the oath not to aid enemies
of the United States. I have the rec
ord of their release and will show 1t
to you later. Here follows the list.
dated March II, 1862, Of Old Capitol
prisoners:
r. ON. Greenhow. arrested August
%, 1861. charge, forwarding infor-
charge: dangerous. skillful spy"):
Summerf1eld Ball. October 9. 1851.
communicating with the rebels: r. J,
Cross. October 10, 1861. giving aid
and Information to the rebels; George
s. Watkins. September %. 1861. fur
nfshing Information to the rebels; Ru-
dolph Watkins and Thomas A. Jones.
same date and charge: w. F. Getty.
October /. 1861. having communica.
lstion with the rebels; Alfred Nettleton
September II. 1861 corresponding with
the rebels; John w. Burson, same date
and charge: P. w. Carper. November
27, 1851, with DIR. William B. Day, DR..
John T. Day. r. II. Gunnell, John B.
Farr and c. w. Coleman. assa ssina-
ton of United States pickets Thomas
2. Poole. James Fl. Poole and Bernard
B Poole, December 6. 1861. communi-
eating with the rebels; John T. De
Bell, November 27. 1881. assassination
OF United States pickets: George Cole
man. December 6, 1861. same charge:
William Eaton, December 2, 1851,
| found within our lines with citizens
dress over q rebel uniform; Hosea H.
II. Williams. December 4. 1861,
claims to be a deserter from the
rebels although wearing a uniform
like New York Volunteers: James
W. McCurdy. December 25, 1861, car.
rying men cross the Potomac in a
boat: A. J. McMichael, December 81,
| 1861, furnishing provisions and aiding
rebellion; w. J. Fleece. October 2S,
1891: opposition to Federal Govern
ment: r, D. Shepard. 1r., and A. shep
Evening star., 1926-10-24

cess for the Confederacy. II you are
an old timer in Washington the Ram
bier need not tell you this. but 1t may
interest later corners.
~
I BELIEVE that in the Spring Of
1851 the weight of public opinion
in Washington was pro-Southern. and
that important parts of that opinion
were pro-slavery and secession.
will give you two bits of evidence. In
a history of the First Congregational
Church of Washington, founded by
abolitionists, is this:
"They (the Congregationalists) found
the hostility of the whole city ar
rayed against them. They were an
anti-slavery church. more than that,
an abolition church: and Washington
in 1s4s was an extremely pro-slavery
city. 1t was completely dominated by
Southern influence. Nor was this
,, opinion of the rabble merely; 1t
VS. the belief Of the clergy. of the
lar. of all respectable Inhabitants OF
the District. The whole city was
hostile TO an anti-slaye church"
Evening star., 1926-10-24

Between 1S4S and 1861 there was
growth Of opinion against slavery.
Many slave-owners gave freedom to
slaves by the last will or bequeathed
slaves to the testator's children with
the injunction that the slaves be
freed after a term of years and suit
ably provided for during life. Slavery
was declining institution in the Dis.
trict, Southern Maryland and north
ern Virginia when the Civil War
broke. But the mass Of people be.
lieved that the legal right to own
slaves was backed by a moral right
to hold them.
Freeing slaves was a form Of
charity. or an expression of good
will, or means of earning thanks of
God. A man who might free his
slaves might shoot an abolitionist.
and the mass of people in this part
of the country who never owned a
slave did not agree with abolitionists
that 1t was un-Christian to buy and
sell humans and that blacks were en-
titled to equality In all ways with
whites.
That there was secession sentiment
Evening star., 1926-10-24

in Washington Is shown by the fol-
lowing, published two days after
Bull Run, by The Star (W. d. Wal.
ZACH, then editor) Tuesday, July %,
1861:
"The secessionists harbored in this
city showed their colors pretty plainly
yesterday-more SO than they have
dared to do for some time. Their ex-
ultation upon the reception Of the
news of the repulse of the Federal
troops was undsguised and some Of
them let the cat out OF the bag 80
far as to shout to their friends that
they would have Washington all
right in "a hours Their inhuman
soldiers as they passed through the
streets to the hospitals was the most
reprehensible feature of the traitorous
demonstrations
Bull Run bolstered the hope of
Washington's secession population.
It Is usual for partisans to rejoice at
a victory and they will rejoice in pri-
vate II they dare not In public. The
North publicly rejoiced when Meade
drove back Lee at Gettysburg and
Pemberton surrendered to Grant at
Vicksburg. No doubt there was pub
lie rejoicing in the South at news
from Mana ssas, Fredericksburg and
Charlottesville. But l do not like
the line in the proceeding paragraph:
Their inhuman joy at the sufferings
of wounded soldiers as they passed
through the streets to the hospitals.
I do not believe that a Washington
crowd would show Joy at the suffer-
ings of wounded soldiers" The crowd
no doubt showed JOY at some comic
sights. There was some hilarity in
the streets as Bull Run refugees
struggled through them. Many sol
diers llmped, not from battle wounds
but from blisters on the feet. There
may have been some big or little SOL
dier in a uniform that had been as
gaudv as a comic opera kings. He
was dirty from his walk of 80 miles
and from mapping on the roadside.
He might have been cutting up IS
Nick Altrock does at the ball park.
He NAV have been initiating q gen.
eral, giving orders to his army or
showing the crowd how he made
Beauregard's army fade away. 1t was
something funny that made the street
crowd show joy.
THE Union population of Washing
ton, grown very large in the
Spring and Summer of 1861, did not
justly appraise the engagement at
Bull Run. 1t was called q repulse.
There was excitement in Washington.
but think after-writers have thrown
too much panic into their accounts.
/ take these bits from The Star of
Monday. July 20. 1881 tthe battle was
on Sunday:
"Our army suffered a heavy reverse,
but by no means such an overthrow
as panic-stricken civilians and the SOL
diers who fed in advance imagine and
allege. The great body of our troops
are slowly retreating today in remark
ably good order. - We may
not inappropriately add that at 4 pm.
yesterday the victory was clearly ours.
The retreat movement Is ascertained
to have been caused by an accidental
and trif1ing panic ID one regiment, to
Evening star., 1926-10-24

| operates most satisfactorily in shall
low water when the frequencies used
are more than 1000 cycles. The
depth Is recorded on a moving sensi
tive paper record by means of the
discharge of an electric spark
through the paper.
| These recent developments may in
most cases be traced to the interest
aroused by the cruise of the United
States destroyer Stewart in 1921,
when 1t made a line of sonic depth
soundings from Newport. r. l.. to
Chefoo. China, by way of the Suez
Canal. The problem of deep-sea work
has been successfully met and recent
tests have been conducted more par
ticularly on designs which attempt
automatically to sound depths as
shoal as eight fathoms. If this prob
lem is solved. an extremely valuable
aid to inshore navigation will have
been found.
Aiding navigation of vessels by
| underwater sound is not new. for, be-
ginning about 1908, light vessels and
certain light buoys along the coasts
of the United States and the shores
of the Great Lakes have been aiding
| in safeguarding American and for.
eign vessels by this means. In order
to utilize these underwater sound sig
nails as warnings 'or aids to naviga-
ton, 1t Is necessary for vessel to be
fitted with an underwater receiving
device. The transmitting apparatus
of the light vessels at first consisted
of large bells submerged 20 to 80 feet
beneath the water, while the ships
receiving equipment consisted of two
tanks, one fastened against the inside
Of the hull on both bows, in which
microphones were submerged. The
microphones. similar in most respects
to the ordinary transmitters were
connected electrically to earpieces
on the bridge of the ship. With this
system. vessel. by considerable ma
neuvering, could determine it's ap-
proXimate bearing from light YES
sci while five or six miles distant.
In 1914, an improved transmitter.
known as the Fessenden oscillator.
was placed on the market and many
naval vessels were equipped with the
device. The Fessenden oscillator diff
fered from the submarine bell in that
a large steel diaphra ghm which form
ed part of the vessels hull, was
caused to vibrate by electric current
Evening star., 1926-10-24

arms against the Government; George
w. Johnson. November 81, 1851. TAX
ing up arms and aiding the rebels
Moses P. Donaldson. January 5, 1862,
transporting cargo of goods to Eir-
ginia; J. Barrett Cohen. same date, en-
gagged in carrying persons and goods
to the rebels: Henry C. Brown, Janu.
airy 10. 1862. coming into our lines un-
der suspicious circumstances; Richard
Coleman, December 6. 1861, assassina-
ton Of United States pickets; George
Dent. jr.. and George Dent, ST.. No
vember IL, 1861. furnishing informa
ton to the rebels, w. F. Moore. Octo-
Der 13. 1861, conveying information to
the rebel pickets: o. Allen Scanland.
Tnion men =; mat hat they hey we're er DRAFTED drafted
into the rebel militia; John Mcdaniel,