The Monmouth inquirer. [volume] (Freehold, N.J.) 1865-1933, 1926-10-21

long after this period, to have reached
the Arctic tundra, and to. have suited
their mode of life to its environment.
It is as survivors Of such people that
interpret the Greenland and Baffin's
Land Eskimo, without in any way
suggesting that they go back to high
antiquity in these particular regions.
Others reached the American pine for
est, and long-headed, high-headed
types are known from skulls In the
eastern states of North America. 9th
ers are scattered here and there In
North America, In the extremity of
the peninsula of Lower California, for
example, also in few spots in Mex
leo. In South America there are both
skulls of some antiquity and living
people with these head characters on
the plateau of central and east Brazil,
and old skulls In Colombia as WELL
while analogous features existed
among some people of the extreme
south. Hrdlicka has advanced argu-
ments for racial resemblances through
out the ancient native population of
America, and we would look upon
these extreme long heads as the first
and most peripheral wave Of series
generally becoming broader-headed
with each succeeding wave
"The Ainu of north Japan and SAX
hahn and some ancient crania from
Japan seem another wave of early
types surviving in what. is in a sense
an ultimate corner, but among them
apparently the specially long heads
are not in the majority. None the
less, long7headedness with high-head-
edness is a feature here. The Ainu
also stand out in contrast to most 9TH
err peoples OF east and north Asia in
having very hairy bodies. Extreme
harness may be looked upon as
protective scheme alternative to the
development of the very dry skin with
very few hairs, characteristic of Mon-
golia.
Skin Adapted to Climate.
Looking generally at the early
spread of man northward in Asia, we
note that yellow brown or brown or
red-brown skin is widespread fea-
ture 1t is partly a maintenance of
early fermentation, partly, perhaps,
an adaptation of that pigment to con-
ditions of snow glare and sunlight in
a cold climate along lines which are
being made the subject of physical in
vest.gation. The skins are usually
well provided with dry epidermal lay
ers, as would be natural in such eli
mates. For the most part. hair re-
duction has been carried to an ex-
treme, and such hair as remains grows
in firm spores in such way as to fill
tie pore very completely.
''Sweat glands also are not over
numerous, and, in consequence of
this, skin of this kind has low irri-
tabilitys an important fact in relation
to the equability of temperament and
relatively low sensibility to pain that
is characteristic of many of the peo-
pies who have spread northwestward
in Asia; needless to say, modifying
factors affecting the temperament in
other ways could be discussed.
"a moderate nose and strong cheek
bone may be supposed to be gen
eral ancient feature of these peoples.
The diet generally includes good
deal of fat, thus encouraging produc-
ton of heat that balances the high /
cooling power of the environment.
Some of the broader headed spreads
in the direction indicated have
reached regions with warmer seasons,
and have adopted very different diets,
as the type of skin just
discussed does not make easy the dis
persion of internal heat.
.Some broad heads spreading north
ward in Asia took the river bank
ways, such as that of the Yenisei,
and, arriving. on the tundra, ultimate
ly found the westward route via
North Russia to Scandinavia possible
as the ice sheet of the latter dimin-
ished This last spread must have
been relatively late"