davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23
ey a. n. K.

In January, 1925, the second ma
tional congress of the Kuomintang
party was held in Canton. The reso-
lutions passed by the congress of this
party, which was founded by Sun Vat
Sen, the father of the Chinese revo-
luton, are Of great Importance and
form turning point in the history of
the Kuomintang and of the whole ma
tional revolutionary movement in
China.
The forerunners of the Kuomintang
were revolutionary organizations,
"The National League" and the "Tun-
menhu" party, which were founded by
Sun Vat Sen. The chief forces of the
National League" which was founded
in Toxic in 1901, were Of the Manchu
dynasty to study abroad. The league
played an important part in the prep
arations for the Chinese revolution in
1911. During the revolution the
league reorganized itself into the Tun-
menhu party, which had the command
of one-third of all the votes in the ma
tional assembly Of 1912. The platform
of the party was one for strengthen
ing the republican state and making
propaganda for the republican idea
among the masses of the people.
After short time the Tunmenhu,
with the object Of creating a govern
ment majority, united with allied or
CARNATIONS under the name of Kuo-
mintang, which means the party ito
put an end to the government of the
sons of heaven" ("Son Of Heaven"
was the title Of the emperors of China
Of the Manchu dynasty.)
Chief Tasks.
The chief tasks of the new party
were: the fight for the republic; union
of south China and north China,
where, after the Manchu dynasty had
Pronounced the throne, the power was
actually in the hands of General Yuan
Shi Kai; establishment of equal rights
of the Chinese with the Manchurians /;
support of provincial self-government,
etc. AS is we'll known, the union of
the north and south was accomplished
at the cost of Sun Vat Sen renounc-
ing the presidentship and Yuan Shi
Kai being elected. When Yuan Shi
Kai had become president of the
United Chinese republic, he gathered
all the reactionary forces round him
and soon showed his anti-revolution-
airy character. On November 4, 1913,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

the most experienced members Of the
party.
Political Work.
The congress devoted great atten-
ton to raising the political and cul-
tural level Of, the members Of the
party and to the work among the
masses of workers and peasants. 1t
was resolved to establish weekly
meetings in all the institutions of the
party and the government and in the
divisions of the army, which were to
be devoted to expounding the ideas
and the revolutionary activity of Sun
Vat Sem 1t was decided to centralize
the propaganda carried out among the
masses. A special resolution demands
complete equality Of women and men
and new legislation with regard to
marriage and divorce, etc.
Recent Rapid Growth.
The reports from the provinces de-
scribed the position Of the party or
CARNATIONS not only in China but also
in Korea, India and the Malay islands.
The total number Of members Of the
party which until 1919 had been less
than 100000, had increased to $4,000
by the end Of 1922. At present the
Kuomintang numbers about 100000
membersy $1,000 Of whom belong 90
the foreign party organizations. The
rapid growth of the membership is
illustrated by the following fact: Be
fore the notorious shootings in Sha-
meen, there were 1000 members in
Hong Kong. At present their number
amounts to $4,000, of whom 10000 are
workers.
Becoming Disciplined Party.
The resolution of the second ma
tional congress of the Kuomintang
complete the reorganization of the
party which was begun by Sun Vat
Sen and indicate a new epoch in the
history of the Kuomintang. The party
has finally liberated itself from all the
remains of the period of the "militar-
list revolution" The discipline and
party duties of the members are being
defined. The fractricidal fight in the
political leadership o. the party is
being abolished and the connection
of the party with the working class
and the broad masses of the peasantry
is being strengthened. The second
national congress of the Kuomintang
puts an end to the weakness Of or
ganization and the political instability
of the party and marks the transfer
nation of the Kuomintang into a
united fighting force, into real party
of the Chinese revolution.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

he declared the dissolution Of the
Kuomintang party, which prevented
him mounting the imperial throne,
and threatened it's leaders with ar
rest and Punishment. NThe party be-
came illegal and remained illegal until
1919, when Sun Vat Sen once more
raised the banner Of revolution in the
south and asserted himself in the
province of Kwantung.
"Milltarist Revolution"
The seizure Of the province of
Kwantung, in which Sun Vat Sen was
helped by an understanding with Chen
Tsu Min, one of the Chinese generals,
determined the tacticsof the Kuomin-
tang party for the next three years
The party's standpoint was that of
the so-called "militarist revolution"
The Kuomintang opposed the mer-
cenary troops of the Feactionary gen
erals with its own mercenary army,
and hoped with its help;to realize the
Kuomintang program The party gave
little attention to work among the
masses and to attracting the workers
and peasants to the active fight
against reaction. The construction
of the Kuomintang from. the point of
view of organization was at that pc
riod very imperfect Anyone who
sympathized with the objects Of the
party could be a member, while men,
bership hardly implied any obliga-
tons. There were no party meetings,
conferences or congresses.
English Bride Canton Generals.
The fact that the leaders of the
Kuomintang yielded to the attraction
of military combinations resulted
comparatively soon in the workers
leaving the party and the party los
ing it's influence among the peasants.
The English, the foreign enemies Of
the Canton government, made use of
this circumstance. In the middle of
1922 they won over Chuan Tsun Min,
the general of the Canton government,
by bribery, and his treachery led to
the occupation of the whole of south
China by the reactionaries. When,
after some time, thanks to combina-
tions and agreements with other gen.
erals, Sun Vat Sen once, more sue
ceeded in reconquering Canton, the
tactics of the "militarist revolution
were abandoned. A beginning was
made towards approaching the
masses, which was especially intensi-
fed when the Communist Party OF
China Joined the Kuomintang party
in order to support the national revo-
lutionary movement. All this led ito
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23
The Church and Progress

Cleveland newspapers carrying full page unsigned advertise
ments which make violent appeals attend church
to support church enterprises to vangeze to work for church
tension andO coursto contribute money this business With
headlines the regous informed of the horrors life
that would result the tearing the church With sweep
strokes Of the copy writer's pen they told that would
reign would revert barbarim would be worthless
progress would be at end sAs 4t-A
The anonymous boosters of the church, the
boss and the almost obes skypo have stretched the point
what put mildly possible The church has been
the side of reaction always progress
the past when rising class fought for with ruling
class both used their particular species of church to ncy their
Today the church divided into main groups
which attempts maintain the status bndy the other
intelligent which strains itself attempt
strengthen dying Imperialism and the faith of the in
Both tools of Imperialism there example,
who does not know with conviction that
is the advance agent of the robbers Of Imperialism?
Progress has always been in bitter struggle against
existing class rule and the particular theological reflection
class rule Of the time The working class conscious Of its class
est needs church aid it in its struggle for freedom The
mission Of the working class to abolish all class only
in unnchng struggle against its ves enemies
and religion, it fulfill this task
Let the gorders Of exploitation unemployment misery
plead nheed if the pleas the pupitpound
ing dispensers Of opium. Ai
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

groups took place In Canton, which
had been organized by Canton and
Hong Kong merchants. After the
suppression of this instruction the
leaders Of the Kuomintang were faced
by the question of organizing a per-
manent revolutionary army. The di-
visions of the army were re-grouped
on the European model, political d.
visions were organized and the insti-
tuition OF political commissaries was
introduced. The school of instructors
on the island of Wampu was reorgan-
lied for the training Of revolutionary
commanders. The school of Wampu
the pride Of the Chinese revolution
played an important part in the
liquidation of the military opposition
which, with Chen Tsun Min at its
head, tried to destroy the government
of Canton.
The secession Of the right elements
from the party led to the formation of
an organized right wing In Novem-
Der, 1925, the leaders Of the right
wing, Cho Lu and Shiai Che, sum-
moned congress of their followers in
Peking. which protested to be the
fourth plenary conference Of the Kuo-
mintang.
Second National Congress.
The party was thus faced by the
necessity Of liquidating the threat of
unity and Of wedding together the
revolutionary forces of the Kuomin-
tang. This task was fulfilled by the
second national congress of the party,
which was held in Canton from the
End to the 18th of January, 1926. The
congress severely condemned the ''ple-
nary. session, of Picking, the resolu-
ton passed by which puts obstacles
in the way of the development of the
national revolution" At the same
time the congress resolved to exclude
Cho Lu and Shiai Che forever from
the party and to inflict number of
disciplinary punishments on other
leaders of the right. In order to
strengthen the unity and centraliza-
ton of the party, the congress re-
solved to dissolve the executive bod,
les of the Kuomintang in Picking and
Shanghai and to concentrate the
whole of the party administration in
the hands Of the c. G. The congress
chose Canton, the revolutionary town,
in which the power of state is in the
hands Of the party, as the seat of the
c. G. and of all congresses and pie.
nary sessions of the c. G. of the
Kuomintang. Furthermore, control
commission was formed, consisting OF
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23
The Part Played by Kuomnang Party in the Chinese Revolution

the necessity Of creating program
for the Kuomintang.
kuomintang Program.
The program of the Kuomintang
was given its final form at the first
national congress Of the party in Jan
uary, 1924. 1t was based on three
principles of Sun Vat Sen: the ma
tional principle, the principle of
democracy and the principle of social
ism.
The national principle is understood
by the program to mean the fight for
liberation from political and economic
dependence on foreigners and equal
rights for all nationalities which in
habit China. The practical demands
in this respect consist in the annul-
ment of the treaties based on Unequal
tiles of rights which had been forced
on China by the imperialist states.
Furthermore, the Kuomintang de-
mands, as is expressed in the mani
festo issued by the party at the be-
ginning Of 1925, the converting of a
national assembly for the whole OF
China with the object of uniting it and
restoring its entity.
The realization of the principle OF
democracy is to find expression in
that all citizens are to be granted
equal rights, with the exception OF
certain limitations of the rights of the
reactionary generals and of persons
who support the foreign capitalists.
Specialization Of Property.
The third principle, that of social.
ism, is understood as the institution
of equal rights in the ownership OF
land and the limitation of the growth
of private capital. In the land ques-
ton the party demands that peasants
owning little or no land should have a
share of the land at the expense OF
the state or should be granted the
necessary means for renting land. AS
regards industry, the demands of the
program go considerably further. In
this respect the naturalization of ali
Chinese and foreign industrial under
takings, railways, banks, ETC., is pro
vided for. In the labor question the
demands of the Kuomintang are fol
protection of work, of the mother and
the child, help for unemployed, etc.
Right Wing Secedes.
The development of the Kuomin
tang towards the left led to the Sc
cession from it of the possessing ele
ments, the merchants, landowners ant
other elements which went over to the
counter-revolutionary forces. In Octo
Der, 1924, an instruction Of fascisf
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23
BY ISRAEL AMTER.

IF any worker had any doubts as to
1 the meaning of the anthracite
strike and its significance for the en-
tire organized labor movement, his
doubts have been cleared up.
The bituminous operators of Ohio
are in conference at Columbus to
form plans for relief of the employ
ment and operating situation in the
region" What does this mean? What
is the situation?
The operators contend that there
are now $4,000 unemployed miners in
the state of Ohio, many of them starv-
ing with their families. Cleveland
papers have published a series of ar
ticles by Investigators who picture the
misery of the miners. The burden of
their articles is that the industry is
collapsing and thousands of men will
he forced to move to other places and
tc other industries.
What is the bituminous situation?
Seventy million tons of coal are used
in Ohio every year. Only small frac-
ton of this is Ohio-mined-10,00 O, 900
tons. The production of coal in Ohio
has steadily diminished. In 1917 49,
100000 tons were mined, rising and
descending till the year 1924, when
there was decided slump and finally
in 1925 only 100000 tons were
mined. m
In the meantime soft coal mining in
Pennsylvania starting with $4,000, OOC
tons in 1917 rose and declined till in
1928 it amounted to 172,00O,OO0. Then
there was a decided decline till in
1925 there were only 1S6,O00,000 tons
mined in Pennsylvania.
Quite different is the situation in
West Virginia and Kentucky. In West
Virginia production started with &c..
100000 tons in 1917, rose and sank
somewhat; in 1923 it amounted to
107,000,000 tons and then rose to 49,
100000 tons in 1925. Kentucky has
experienced a constant rise from 81
100000 tons in 1917 to 100000 tons
in 1925. West Virginia and Kentucky
are exclusively non-unlon fields and
today are producing more coal than
Pennsylvania and Ohio. The two first.
named fields, furthermore, are prac-
tically untapped and therefore offer
splendid opportunities to the opera
tors.
The union miners earn $3.50 day
when they work. But they work
only 1913 days year. The operators
claim that freight rates are too high
and that coupled with the high" rate
Of wages makes II impossible for them
to continue production.
They are meeting at Columbus and
are calling for a conference with John
Lewis. In his absence Phil Murray
vice-president Of the United Mine
Workers. declares that the jackson.
vile agreement must stand" But
Lewis is to be called to a conference
where the operators will point out
hat the miners are working only four
lays q week and are earning only SO
day. The operators declare that
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

bill was introduced by Dyer and Nc
Kinley. Both of these lawmakers are
not interested in having this bill pass.
They introduced this bill because they
think-it will bring them the votes OF
Negro workers and farmers and send
them back to the United States law
making bodies so that they can serve
the interests OF big business for an.
other term. Calvin Coolidge their
leader, has declared the anti-lynch law
too harsh" and Is trying to keep II
off the senate floor. Efforts are being
made to adjourn congress in May so
administration supporters can repair
thelrl fences and hide their support
Of the big business interests.
Negro workers should realize that
Dyer. and Mckinley are for the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

THIS photo shows picture of an
4 aged Negro who was lynched by
a mob on the pretext that he had at
tackled white girl. When the Negro
was brought TO the hospital, the girl
declared that It was not him, never.
theless a mob OF rs took him from
the deputy sheriffs and lynched him
20 miles from Ocala, Fla. His body
was rlddled with bullets OF the mob.
No arrests were made Of members
OF the mob, tho many OF them are
well-known and have openly boosted
OF their part in the lynching
At present there Is bill before
the senate introduced by two politi-
clans which would make the state,
county or city In which a lynching
took place, pay-a Ane of $4,000. This
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23
The Fight Against the Soft
Coal Miners Begins

with reduced wages The men will earn
twice as much as they do today.
A specious argument in itself-but
it is followed up with the threat that
the mines will close completely and
Ohio will go out of the coal+mining
business if this is not done.
WTHAT does Lewis intend to do?
w He cannot COMPEL the coal OPP
orators to keep their mines open he
will pretend to demand continuance
of the Jacksonville agreement. But
what will the unemployed men say
in the face of the failure of Lewis to
fight for the anthracite miners who
were $4,000 strong and who were
obtaining more and more help from
organized and unorganized workers
generally as their strike progressed?
What will he do and what will the
rank and file of the U. M. w. A. in
the soft-coal fields do?
If the soft-coal miners yield today
it means the positive end of the U.
NJ. w. A. Nothing can prevent the coal
Operators from continuing operation
in West Virginia, Kentucky, Tonnes
see and other non-union fields, where
the union is spurned and an organizer
does not go. Freight rates are being
lowered from these fields, and the
only method that the coal operators
are willing to employ is that of reduc-
ing wages.
TNHE miners have. no other recourse
L even if they sought one-but to
fight. The union must be preserved
at all costs. To surrender on a single
point will mean to give up the union
and to accept conditions that will place
organized miners on, level with the
non-union men-with men who dare
not organize because they are work
ing in camps that are completely com
pany-owned. ..,
The struggle Of the anthracite min
ers is finding its reaction very quickly
II Lewis continues the policy that
he employed in Philadelphia in set
thing the anthracite. strike, the strong
est union Of the American Federation
Of Labor will be a. thing Of the past.
The fight will be hard one
against the coal operators and the
weak, compromising attitude of Lewis
and the machine. The rank and file
must gather its strength: the odds
are heavy, but the fight is such that
II will determine whether the men
are to be within or outside an organi-
cation.
"Ohio does not want miners1to get
out of the union" said 0. S. Newton,
one OF the operators. No, they may
remain in the union, but the union
will be ineffective, harmless-a play
thing of the operators.
The organized Ohio miners must
hght-the organized miners in the
other fields must support them. This
is another test Of the entire United
Mine Workers of America, and OF the
organized labor movement generally
..--..---. u
If you want to see the Com.
munist movement prow-pet n sub
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

ToLEDo-FPl-only union street
car men will be employed on buses Of
the Toledo traction company, accord.
ing to a new agreement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

present system which has brot about
Jim-Crowism and lynching and race
terrorism. The Negro worker must re-
member that he will be prosecuted
and used as the political football by
capitalist politicians until he recog.
nizes that the interests of the Negro
worker and the white worker are
alike and joins in the movement for
a real labor party that will fight
against the system which has brot
about the evils that the Negro worker
must suffer.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

member Of the Workers Party and subscription
for The DAILY WORKER
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1926-03-23

If You want to see the Com.
munist movement grow-get a sub
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1926-05-21
Square Receptacle for
Goldfish Always Best

According to bureau OF fisheries
bulletin, because Of its narrow neck,
the so-called fish globe IS not adapted
to keeping goldfish In a comfortable
and healthy state, Its small amount of
water surface not permitting the proc
ess OF absorption of air on scale
sufficient for the well-being Of the
fish. Another Objectionable feature Of
the globe lies In Its reflection and re
fraction of light rays, which tends
to make the fish nervous and uneasy.
An aquarium with straight sides Is
the most suitable for goldfish.
1t should be of rectangular shape
and Of equal width at the top and
bottom. The rectangular battery Jar,
which may be purchased In the g.
gallon size, will give good results
The depth Of water should be about
the same as the width of the aquari-
UNI. and the bottom should be Gov
cred with clean sand and gravel to
the depth Of one and one-half inches.
Ordinary washed sand and pebbles are
best for this purpose, as the more de-
sirable aquarial plants draw most of
their nourlshment from the water and
require merely an anchorage. In order
to insure an abundant air supply,
plants Of high oXygenating powers
should be selected for the aquarium.
Cleanliness, good light, plants well
distributed over the bottom, proper
food In moderate quantity, prompt re-
moval Of sick fish, and avoidance of
overstocking are the essential factors
for the maintenance Of n successful
aquarium.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1926-05-21
Parent of LonRuaRes

Sanskrlt Is the ancient classical
tongue Of the Hlndus, and the Oldest
preserved form of Aryan, or Indo-Eu-
rOpenn, language In existence. II
ceased TO be spoken about the Fourth
century Il. G., and Is preserved only In
the Hindu sacred writings. Sanskrlt
Is the parent Of all the modern Aryan
languages Of India, and the language
most closely related to the original
tongue Of the ancient Aryans, from
which have descended the Celtic,
Graeco-Latln, TeUtonlc, SlavOnic and
Persian languages. Sanskrit literature,
which begins with the Vedas extends
back MS far as 1000 or 1900 -. e.
Snns'.rit is still cultivated ns a classl-
cal language by the Hindus, and me-
mains the sacred language Of the Brah-
mans Kansas City Star.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1926-05-21
Smoke Proved There
Wos Food i'm Homes

Smoking chimneys may be an awful
nuisance In large cities, but there was
time In Japan when the sight Of
ELUSIVE chimneys so pleased a mon
arch Of the country that he wrote II
poem about 1t.
II was during famine I'm the reign
Of Emperor Nintoku, according to
Peter Simple" In the London Post,
and there was great suffering. Min
toku climbed to the balcony Of his
palace and saw n little smoke rising
from the chimneys of the city. He at
once exempted tho rNoplc from toY.
alton for three years. Later he
climbed to his roof again and saw
smoke rising from almost all the
chimneys. Whereupon he committed
these lines:
On my roof
Climbing, when I look out
see smoke rising.
The peoples kitchens
Are In a iourishing condition.