davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
POULTRY
F:.AG[1S
HATCH GOOSE EGGS
WITH INCUBATORS

Goose eggs can be hatched with in
cubators even to better advantage than
with hens for various reasons. Where
hens or geese are used, they are apt
to break the eggs, and again let them
chill. The first eggs from your geese
will arrive while the cold weather still
continues, and must be picked up early
in the morning before they become
chilled; geese invariably lay in the
very early hours of the morning, or
late at night, says a writer in the
Rural New Yorker.
Keep eggs in moderately warm
location-around so degrees in cold
weather When you have sufficient num-
Der to put into the incubator it should
be started. Goose eggs, like hens eggs,
hatch best when fresh, not more than
ten days old. Place your incubator in
a moist, but not too damp cellar, as
goose eggs will require much more
moisture to hatch them than is the
case with hens eggs. Run the ma
chine at as near 1O3 degrees as is
possible from start to finish. Turn
eggs twice daily after the beginning
Of the third day. Always turn goose
eggs by hand; handle them with much
care. Stop turning on the twenty
fifth day. Goose eggs should be
cooled half an hour each day in a
temperature not below 60 degrees; If
the cellar seems below this temper
ature, remove the eggs to proper point.
After the third week, sprinkle
warm water over the eggs once daily.
When goslings begin to pip, If you no
tice shells are dry and hard, there
isn't enough moisture, and unless this
is supplied, they will stick in the
shells. Keep the eggs quite moist
while Matching, by adding a pie plate
Of wet sand to the bottom of machine.
Leave goslings in incubator until all
are thoroughly dry, usually 36 hours.
Remove then to a box in the kitchen
by the stove, unless brooder has al
ready been provided for. Goslings are
easy to raise, and grow very rapidly.
Water them in vessel which cannot
be overturned, nor into which they can
get their feet. Keep them dry at all
times. Feed sprouted oats, gravel,
fine cracked corn, or any Of the dry
mixed chick feeds, but do not neglect
always to keep water before them.
Change this often; don't let it get
dirty.
Mature geese may be picked, or
"plucked" once every six weeks after
the laying has ceased. Remove only
the breast feathers-do not take the
down. A little experience will tell you
when they are ''ripe." Do not take
feathers that have blood in the quills
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Rented House NeUer
Like Dream of Home

We rent a house. It's but transient
place.
We cannot plan to stay there very
long.
IT'S not just what we want, in any
case.
Well move again when robins bring
their song.
We rent house, and plan while we are
there
An altar for our household gods and
comb
The papers for a bargain that is 5air.
We rent house. and plan to build
a home!
We rent house, and living there we
dream
OF one small plot Of land we'll call
our own.
A tree that's ours through which the
stars will gleam;
A lamp whose light shines out for us
alone.
A house we build-one that expresses
true
Our very selves, clear to its farthest
The sweet fulfllment of dream we
knoWi
We rent house, but, oh, we build
a home!
Detroit Free Press.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Home ToDn Loyalty

Speaking Of faith in the old home
town the Tifton (Ga) Gazette says:
"Where the home folks exhibit a
faith that is well founded and sure
that every newcomer feels it in the
air and catches the spirit, too, the
town goes forward builds new houses
and starts new industries, thereby in
creasing in wealth and population
Where the home folks are not sure
about their community's future; have
a doubt and speak Of its future with
a question mark in their tone, no
matter how enthusiastic the newcom-
er may be, he soon loses this enthu-
Siasm and gets into the old rut, too, or
moves on to a place where the home
folks do believe in their town."
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Distemper in Colts Has
No Known Medical Cure

Distemper in colts, like measles in
children, commonly has to be put up
with some time during the young ami
mails life Once the disease is mani
fest it cannot be cut short by any
form Of medicinal treatment There
fore, the animal affected should be
placed in such surroundings as will
offer it the most comfort and the best
opportunity to cope with the disease.
A good, roomy, clean, airy stable is a
decided aid to such animals and when
the weather is mild they preferably
may be kept out Of doors. The alb
scesses forming under the jaw should
not be meddled with until they are
ripe Then they should be freely
opened. The escaping pus should be
collected and burned as it's distribu-
ton in a stable only increases the in
fection chances of other horses.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Spraying or busting to
Control Harmful Worms

The tomato fruitworm, also known
as the bollworm (not boil weeviD of
cotton and the corn earworm, causes
heavy losses of early tomatoes in the
Southern states by eating into the
fruit and destroying it's market value,
says the United States Department
of Agriculture
A large amount Of damage can be
prevented by either spraying or dust
ing the tomato fruits with an arSen-
ical. If a spray is desirable, use two
pounds of lead arsenate to fifty gal
Ions of water or bordeaux mixture.
The dust should be used at the rate
Of one pound of lead arsenate to five
pounds of hydrated lime or one pound
of paris green to twenty pounds Of
hydrated lime Calcium arsenate can
be used at the rate Of one pound to
five pounds Of hydrated lime. The
first spraying or busting should be
applied when the earliest tomato
fruits are beginning to form or when
the first worm damage is noticed and
the arsenical applications should be
repeated at weekly intervals for about
seven weeks. All sprayed fruit should
be thoroughly wiped before it is mar
keted or consumed.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Tomato Wits Prevented
With Resistant Strains

The willis of tomatoes, of which
three forms are known, are caused by
moldlike fungi or by bacteria which
live in the soil and infect the plants
through their roots. Whiting and yell
lowing leaves indicate the presence Of
these diseases.
Fusarium wilt, the form most wide
ly distributed, causes the plants to
wilt and die slowly, while bacterial
wilt is frequently more prompt in it's
action. Efforts should be directed to
the prevention rather than to the
cure of these diseases. The planting
of wilt resistant strains or varieties
is advisable in order to control the
Fusarium wilt. A variety of tomato
known as Norton is highly resistant
to Fusarium and we'll adapted to Sec
tions where the disease is prevalent.
Fusarium wilt should not be con-
fused with another tomato disease
prevalent in Rocky Mountain and
Pacific Coast regions and variously
known as blight, western blight and
western yellow blight This disease
and Fusarium wilt frequently occur
in the same fields. The Norton tomato
is resistant to the Fusarium wilt but
varieties markedly resistant to west
ern yellow blight have not yet been
developed.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Avoid Wormy Peaches by
Attention to Spraying

Why raise wormy peaches when you
can have good sound fruit by giving a
little attention to spraying? 1t is just
about time for the first fruit spray on
peaches. This should be applied just
as the last of the blossom petals are
falling.
If you want to apply liquid spray.
use one pound Of arsenate Of lead and
three pounds hydrated lime to so gal
Ions of water Dust is easier to apply
and is just about as effective as liquid.
Use the following dust mixture: Su-
perfine flowers Of sulphur, so pounds /;
hydrated lime, Is pounds; arsenate
Of lead, pounds.
Other applications should also be
made when the calyces or shucks are
shedding; again two weeks later; and
again about four weeks before the
peaches ripen.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Windbreaks to Protect
the Crops and Orchard

That windbreaks are, as whole,
an asset, particularly in regions with
little rainfall and where strong, dry
ing winds are frequent, is shown by
studies made by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. Windbreaks
protect grain crops and orchards from
mechanical injury by the wind, reduce
evaporation of moisture from the soil,
protect farm buildings from the ex-
tremes of winter and summer weather,
and may also be a source of wood for
farm use or sale. The ideal wind
break would have the tallest trees
planted in the central rows; on either
side rows of shorter trees; and out.
side of these, low bushes or cedars.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Keep Trees Strong and
Vigorous at All Times

Only the experienced orchardist can
realize the value of a strong, vigorous
tree, for weakness is manifest in sub
tie ways that often lead to misinter-
probation. The peach grower knows
that it is the weak tree that is at
tackled by the fruit bark beetle or pin
hole bOrer, and the apple orchardist
has seen how trees that are not up to
normal are much more seriously in
jured by spray burn, severe drought,
or other untOward conditions. This is
an observation that should be brought
to the attention of the beginner and
he will not be so ready to neglect his
fertilizer application or spray because
the trees are not carrying a crop.
Hence it should be our aim to keep the
trees young by whatever sound prac-
tice is available for our use.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Poultry Undernourished
Under Farm Conditions

Poultry, Of all farm stock, is most
likely to be undernOuriShed under
practical farm conditions. Due to the
nature of their digestive tract, their
rations must be composed largely of
seeds and seed by-products, feeds ILL
balanced with respect to minerals,
prOteins and vitamins. AS compared
with other animals, the requirements
of poultry for some Of the vitamins
are relatively so intense that their ra-
tions should be supplemented by feeds
known to be rich in these factors.
Vitamins are manufactured by plants
only. Green plant tissues are with
few exceptions the best sources of vi
tamins known, being rich in all these
factors.
Young chicks are especially suscep-
tibe to lack of vitamin in the ration
and will develop the disease known as
"leg Weakness" including impaired
appetite, an anemic condition of the
comb and wattles, dropping wings,
ruff1ed feathers and unsteady gait.
Prevention of leg weakness is assured
by giving the chicks ready access to
green feed such as green cabbage or
lettuce leaves, fresh alfalfa or clover
or sprouted oats. If green feed is not
available, to 5 per cent of cod liver
oil in the mash may be used. In the
maintenance of health and normal de-
velopment in the flock the Importance
of vitamins is undoubtedly much
greater than is realized. Rations de-
ficient in vitamins will give rise to
digestive disturbances and other forms
Of vague i'll health which can be pre-
vented by supplying the necessary vi
tamins and adjusting the balance of
| the food.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Type and Equipment Of
Model Farm Milk House

Years of study have resulted in the
development Of a type of farm milk
house and equipment for the produc-
tion of clean and wholesome milk on
the farm. This building, with it's
cooler, storage tank, wash sink, and
steamer, is one of the essentials in
the production of a wholesome food
product through the milk route" At
the request of the Smithsonian insti-
tuition in Washington, D. c., minia-
ture of a model farm milk house will
be placed on exhibition there, where
it will form a part Of the mammoth
display of various other factors af-
fecting the food and the health of the
nation. Preliminary plans for the
model have been drawn by the bureau
of dairying of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. 1t will be
constructed and put in place by the
departments office of exhibits.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
PROTEINS NEEDED
FOR DAIRY COWS

Many dairymen overlook the fact
that summer pastures supply an in
sufficient amount of proteins to enable
dairy COW to give her best produc-
ton, according to the National Dairy
council in advocating that some grain
rations be used at all times to supple
ment grasses, even if alfalfa clover,
soy beans or other legume crops are
being pastured.
Prof. w. ]. Fraser of the University
of Illinois has made an interesting
statement to emphasize this fact to
dairymen He referred to a pasture
experiment made during twelve weeks
Of midsummer by the Illinois expert
ment station. and summarizes the re-
suits thus:
"It would have required 30 acres Of
pasture to support an ordinary COW.
II the cow is to Craze over this area
every week, she would have to travel
80 miles a day and have a muzzle two
feet wide"
Prof. J. J. Hooper Of the Kentucky
experiment station made similar OBJ
servation, to determine how much
grass a dairy COW required. He
clipped some grass with a pair Of
shears and was surprised at the area
required to yield 100 pounds, the
amount needed by a 1,OOO-pound cow
giving 25 pounds of milk a day.
II had to clip 800 square feet of
blue grass" states Professor Hooper,
"the heads Of which stood Is inches
high. All the blades were not this
high, but the seed heads were. /
clipped as close as a COW would Craze,
and the grass was good and thick"
By examining the grass into gunny
sacks, Professor Hooper used three
sacks, showing how much grass a COW
must eat each day to produce even
minimum amount Of milk.
Dairymen should not overlook the
value of feeding their cheaper grains
for increased efficiency, according tC
the National Dairy council. A sur
plus of corn during the winter has
made this desirable feed for dairy
cows if supplemented by protein feeds
while the prices paid for dairy prod
ucts have been maintained by an in.
creaSing demand for milk, butter, ice
cream and cheese. Not only does the
dairy farmer make a profit by thus
marketing corn products, but he is
paid regularly throughout the year
and in addition still has valuable fer
tilizer with which to maintain the fer
tility of his land.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Low-Growing Fruits
Require Protection
Burning Oil in Heaters Has
Proven Satisfactory.

prepared by the United States Department.
of Agriculture.)
Burning fuel oil in lard pail neat
ers has proved a successful meth
Cd of obtaining rise in temperature
on the cranberry bogs near the mouth
of the Columbia river in Washington
Local weather bureau officials as
sisted in making a test of the efficien-
cy of these heaters for the purpose
The flooding of the bOgs for frost pro-
lection as is done in Wisconsin and
the Atlantic coast cranberry sections
is not practicable in Washington.
The heaters are set on metal tripods
forced several inches into the ground
so that the strong winds which some
times blow in this district cannot over
turn them. Forty ten-quart lard pail
heaters were used on a half-acre plot.
They were equipped one night with
"sOOt-arrester" or spiders" and used
one night without them.
The frost on the two nights of the
test caused about 15 per cent damage
in check plot 300 feet distant, not
equipped with heaters. There was no
damage in the test plot. Both plots
were similarly situated with regard
to topography and atmospheric con-
ditions. The fuel oil burned cost 6
cents a gallon in barrel lots, and the
cost of the heating was 96 cents an
acre per hour with the soot-arresters
in place. Without them the cost was
So per acre per hour.
1t is believed by the weather bu-
reau men who made the test that SIM
liar good results can be secured in
protecting other low-growing crops,
such as Strawberries, tomatoes and
potatoes.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Feeding Grain to Cows
Is Profitable Practice

"Does it pay to feed grain to my
cowsw is question which many
farmers will be asking themselves.
Results have been obtained in Kansas
cow test association work clearly prov
ing that it does, even in a season
of high feed prices. Under favorable
conditions it is possible to produce
an average of $50 pounds of fat year
ly on a ration of good roughage such
as alfalfa, hay and silage. But with
cows capable of producing more than
this it is very questionable if it is
economical to limit the feed. Like a
manufacturing plant the dairy COW
is only operating on the most economi-
cal basis when being run to her normal
capacity.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01

oB1ildia&|lg::JaA J
MaaYGN 2 a0N25 ]
EUil Influences at
Work in Big Cities

A group of professors in the Uni
verSity of Chicago has made study
of the influences at work in American
city life. These influences, of course,
were found to be greatly different
from those of country life or small
town life; and the manner of their
operation is all the more significant
in view of the rapid transition Of
Americas population from rural to
urban conditions. The general theory
was advanced by these investigators
that city life tends to develop and ac-
ceatuate both the best and the worst
in people.
Hence, in many respects, the cities
have become the chief centers of prog
resS. The cities as rule have better
schools, better churches, better health
conditions and more leaders in every
field of activity than communities of
limited population. That is the most
encouraging fact about the growth of
cities in this country.
But another influence is at work.
Its nature is indicated in the recent
the mobility of city life, the forces
at work to break up the home and
permanent human relationships. The
centers Of mobility, of bright lights, OF
varied and questionable attractions, OF
bad companionships, were found to be
linked up closely with crime, "juve-
nile delinquency, boys gangs, poverty,
wife desertion, divorce and abandoned
infants" Individual control is least
effective where these disintegrating
forces are strongest, "and there de-
velop areas of decentralization, pro-
miscuity and vice.
The good and the evil Of human ma
ture that are brought out strongly in
centers of population, however, are
brought into stronger contrast, in fact,
into stronger conflict. 1t can hardly
be believed that the result of this con-
f1ict will be the triumph of the evil
Chicago Post.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Homecoming Thrift

No more worthy movement has
started than the "own your home" ap-
peal. Nothing so makes for thrift
and saving as to start paying for a
home Of ones own, and money saved
in this way would be saved in no
other manner and for no other pur-
pose. Also, it has been found true
that the man of family who owns his
home is more contented, more salts
fed with conditions generally than
the family which must shift or move
at the landlords every whim.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Remove Horns From Cattle

Unless dairy animals are to be used
for show purposes their horns should
be removed Cows with horns endan-
ger each other and even their attend
ants. Many good udder has been
partially or totally spoiled by a gouge
from a sharp horn Bulls are much
more easily and safely handled when
dehOrned. The easiest way to remove
horns is with caustic potash on the
week-old calf Clip the hair around
The horn button and rub the spot about
The size of a penny with the stick of
causic until blood appears.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
Strong Eve Best Buy

The eve to buy is the strong,
healthy eve with a straight, broad
back and sound udder, sound teeth
and heavy fleece of reasonable fine
ness. Such an eve wher bred to a good
Shropshire or Hampshire ram may
be depended on to produce a good
lamb. Ewes four to six years old pro-
duce the best lambs and are easier to
fandle, but are not worth as much
money as yearlings because they are
TOO near the end of their usefulness.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01

The trees may be planted in any OF
the following systems Of arrangement:
the square, rectangle, quincunx or hex
agonal system. In the square system
the trees are spaced in rows, equi-
distant in both directions. A "fller"
tree may be set between the perma-
nent trees and one in the middle of
the square, until they begin to crowd,
which would place the trees 20 by 20
feet apart or 1O8 trees per acre, in
stead Of 81 as would be the case If the
trees stood 40 feet apart.
In the quincunx plan the trees are
set as for the square system, with a
tree in the middle of the square. The
hexagonal plan calls for the setting
Of the trees equidistant from one an
other In all directions, or one in each
angle of equilateral triangles. Fifteen
per cent more trees can be set to an
acre with this system than with the
square plan when the trees are set
at the same distance apart. In an or
chard so set, it is, however, not so
easy to cultivate and care for the trees
as in the more open squares.
The variety question is one that is
so intimately associated with the per-
sonal tastes and preferences Of the in
dividual that it is difficult to offer ad-
vice. Many fine varieties Of all the
fruits are available but space does not
permit listing them. It is safe to say,
however, that novelties should not be
planted without advising with a COM
petent horticultural authority.
Arizona state miner., 1926-05-01
NR(ILARD
(LEANlN(1S
SOIL TREATMENT
BEFORE PLANTING

A common problem at planting time
Is the treatment the land should have
before the trees are planted. This, OF
course, will depend upon it's previous
treatment, says ]. II. GOurley, chief in
horticulture at the Ohio Experiment
station. If it has been in sod for a
period of time, it is usually wise to
plow the land and plant a titled crop
(such as potatoes, or corn) one year
before it is set out to trees, or better
yet, to grow and turn under green
crop, as clover or alfalfa, if such a
crop can be established in a short
time. If this is not feasible it would
certainly be well to plow the land the
fall previous to planting and let 1t lie
in the rough over winter, unless the
topography is such that the soil would
wash badly from this procedure. All
this is to give the trees the best pos
sible start, or as one old hOrticultur1St
said, to make the hole for the tree
as big as the orchard" When the soil
is prepared it is then ready to be
staked out for setting the trees in
some systematic fashion. A common
error is to plant the trees too close
together, a mistake which presents an
almost insolvable problem few years
later. Standard fruits should be set
about the following distances, depend
ing somewhat upon the soil and va
riety: