davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1926-09-10
"NEWS and PROGRESS" Nc

ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE AND SERVICE OF THE AMERICAN
NEWSPAPER AND NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING latest UoA4n
Library of Popular Economics rpnahe@ in through
courtesy of Bank of the Manhattan Company NeU York.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

Even when discipline in the central
office was at its best, the air was filled
with strident cries, with the shuffling
of many feet as the youngsters ran to
and fro, with snarling threats and
even the sounds of physical combat
when the paths of two of these Mercu-
rial Mercuries crossed in the middle
Of the central office floor.
strange contrast, surely, with the
modern exchange, where the volume
of traffic is so great as to make that
of one of these early exchanges seem
insignificant, but where this vastly
more complicated business is trans
acted with not the smallest fraction
of the ado that made the telephone
operating room of 1879 little less than
a place of unending uproar, veritable
bedlam.
In such contrasts as this the his
tory of the telephone has been writ
ten. And yet such contrasts have not
been brought about by radical and
sweeping changes, but by a process
of gradual evolution toward better ap-
paratus and operating methods a
process which is still going on and
must continue until telephone service
has been made as nearly perfect as it
is humanity possible to make it.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

A long row of young women seated
at a switchboard; hands moving
rhymically as plugs are thrust deft-
ly into jacks; the faint click of metal
against metal; low hum of carefully
modulated voices and everywhere an
atmosphere of quiet efficiency-such
is the modern telephone exchange.
But in the exchange of less than
half a century ago far different
situation presented itself to the eye
and to the ear-of the chance WISH
tor. Almost without exception the
operators in the first exchanges in
large cities were boys, as they were
in the Gold and Stock exchange, New
York City, in 1879.
And boys were then, as they are
now and ever will be, just-boys
Many an operator of that early day
delights to tell his grandchildren of
the pranks the youngsters played on
each other or-it must be recorded in
all candor-upon the subscribers. The
apparatus was not arranged to permit
the quiet operation of the present day,
and its youthful guardians had to
shout to each other-at the top of
their voices, when traffic was heavy
the numbers called for by subscribers.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
DEP ARTMENT OF PUBLIC
WORKS
STATE OF MARYLAND
STATE ROADS COMMISSION
Notice to Contractors

SEALED PROPOSALS for build
ing one section of State Highway, as
follows:
Garrett County. Cont. G-34. One sec
ton of State Highway from Red
House to the West Virginia Line, a
distance of 2.05 miles. (Concrete)
will De received by the State Roads
Commission, at it's offices, COL Garrett
Building, Baltimore, Maryland, until
II M. on the 18th day of April, 1926,
at which time and place they will be
publicly opened and read.
Bids must be made upon the blank
proposal form which, with specifca-
lions and plans will be furnished by
the Commission upon application and
cash payment of S1.00, as hereafter
no charges will be permitted.
No bids will be received unless ac-
companied by certified check for the
sum of Five Hundred (S500) Dollars,
payable to the State Roads Commits
sion.
The successful bidder will be re-
quired to give bond, and comply with
the Acts of the General Assembly of
Maryland, respecting contracts.
The Commission reserves the right
to reject any and all bids.
BY ORDER of the State Roads
Commission this 26th day of March,
1926.
JOHN N. MACKALL, Chairman.
L. H. STEUART, Secretary.
Advertisement CIT,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

were added to the w. S. CLIFFORD
Bell System during 1925. At the end
Of the year 16,720,000 telephones were
interconnected so that practically any
one of them can be connected with
any other one throughout the United
States, at any time, day or night.
Over 50,O00,000 toll and exchange con-
nections, each an individual transac-
ton, are handled daily.
Three hundred and sixty-five million
dollars was expended by the Bell Sys-
tenn on new plant construction, includ-
ing new plant to replace $107,OOO,OOO
of plant retired. Net additions to
plant were S25S 900 This brought
the assets devoted to furnishing tele-
phone service up to S2,93S, 900. The
number of persons employed, including
those in the Western Electric Com
pany was over $4,000.
The gross revenue of the Bell Sys-
TEN, he states, was S761, 100000 and
net earnings were 6A per cent on the
amount invested in plant and other
assets. Earnings available for con-
tingencies and surplus amounted to
~ per cent on the investment-less
than cent day telephone, neces-
sary but relatively small margin OF
safety.
1t is shown that there were over
100000 stockholders of the American
Telephone and Telegraph Company at
the end of the year, making the Bell
System in a sense, publicly owned.
The amount of capital stock of the
American Company outstanding was
1921, 597, 500, an increase of 49,, 400
for the year.
Telephone and Telegraph Company
was S107, ACE, 900 Of the resulting bal.
ance, after payment of dividends at
$500 share, S6,000,000 was appro-
priated for contingencies and the re.
mainder, S2O,36O,OOO, was carried to
surplus.
Mr.. Clifford says that the nature of
the business requires nationwide
organization operating under state
laws and state regulation and federal
laws and federal regulation. This re
quires various inter-corporate rela
lions, which, however, are simple in
principle and not arbitrary. 1t com
prises in brief the American Tele
phone and Telegraph Company, which
is the parent company, twenty-five
Associated Telephone Companies, ant
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
WEST PENN POWER
COMPANY.

The Board of Directors has declared
quarterly dividend No. Al of one and
three-quarters Il 3-4 per cent? per
cent upon the per cent Cumulative
Preferred Stock, and quarterly divi-
dend No. 2 of one and one-half Il 1-2
per cent? per cent upon the per cent
Cumulative Preferred Stock of West
Penn Power Company for the quar-
ter ending April 30th, 1926, both pay
able May LIST, 1926, to stockholders of
record at the close of business on
April 18th, 1926.
Git. C. F. KALP, Treasurer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

the Western Electric Company, and
the report shows the necessary func-
tionS of each.
Mr. Clifford says that although the
Bell System is growing larger and
more complicated, it is less hazardous
to manage because of a better knowl-
edge of the essential facts. He says
that the population of the country
grows at the rate of from one to two
per cent year, general business at
the rate of three or four per cent,
and the telephone business, due to the
higher standards of living and the
trend toward the economy of time,
increases at more rapid rate than
general business.
Telephone service is not a commod-
ity, he says, or physical product
comparable to that furnished by other
industries, or even other utilities.
The problem of furnishing service
increases with the number of tele-
phones interconnected and except
for economies, many factors of cost
would increase greatly. Telephone
costs have been kept at the present
relatively low point in spite of the
unique character of the business, only
by constant invention and develop
ment of new types of apparatus and
by new and better methods of opera
ton.
During the past year steady i'm
provement has been made in tele-
phone service so that it will better
meet the requirements of the users.
Maintenance and upkeep have been
continued on high plane, with strict
attention also to all possible econom-
les. The amount of new construction
for 1926 is expected to be somewhat
greater than last year.
Mr.. Clifford speaks of the continuing
work of development and research on
more than a thousand problems relat-
ing to telephone service, on continuing
experiments in transoceanic telephony,
and on other phases of radio trans
mission which might have application
in the extension of telephone facilities.
The result of Improvements and
economies is apparent, he says, in the
cost of telephone service to the pub
lie. Telephone rates are, on the aver
age, only SO per cent higher than ten
years ago while wages and material
costs have increased much more and
| living costs have increased rs per
| cent Bell system companies do not
need nor do they seek to earn more
than reasonable return on their
property. Rate adjustments have been
made necessary chiefly because of the
change in the value of the dollar.
Speaking of relations with the pub
lie, Mr.. Clifford states that in the tele-
phone business they are founded on
satisfactory service at the lowest pos
sible rates. This is the aim of the
Bell System. 1t also aims to conduct
it's affairs in accordance with Amer
lean ideals and traditions.
The highest award for the year,
under the terms of the Theodore N.
Vail Memorial Fund. was gold medal
accompanied by $500 in cash given to
Anna Leonelda Lehman, chief operator
of the Chesapeake and Potomac Tele-
phone Company, Piedmont, W. Va.
This award was made for conspicuous
courage and devotion to the public
service during a severe food in the
spring OF 1924.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
ROAD PETITION

Notice is hereby given that thirty
days after the first publication hereof
application will be made to the Board
of County Commissioners of Garrett
county, Maryland, for the appoint
ment of viewers to view and locate a
proposed change in the road known
as the Dry Fork road, in Election Dis
trict No. II, said proposed change be-
ginning for the same at the foot of
John Green's Hill and running thence
through the lands of John Green and
John Sibert and intersecting the pres
ent road at or near the Black Hawk
School House, distance of about one
mile.
ROBERT BROADWATER,
F. NJ. GREEN,
C. E. WILT and 43 Others,
Petitioners.
Published first time Mar. 49,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
TREASURER'S TAX SALE
OF
VALUABLE REALESTATE

Under and by virtue of the
power vested in the Treasurer
of Garrett county, Maryland, by
Section 81 of Chapter 566 of
the Acts of the General Assem-
bly, of Maryland for the year
1890, title Garrett County,"
subtitle County Treasurer"
and the several amendments
thereto, the undersigned Treas
urer of said county, will, on
SATURDAY,
The Sd Day of April, 1926,
at the hour of ten o'clock a. M,
at the front door of the Court
House in the town of Oakland,
Garrett county, Maryland, offer
and sell at public auction to the
highest bidder, all of the follow
ing described pieces and parcels
of land, situate, lying and being
in Garrett county aforesaid, to-
wit:
No. 3. All that lot, piece or parcel
of land situate, lying and being
in District No. ID of Garrett
county, Maryland, the same be-
ing known and designated as
Military Lot No. 1859, containing
SO acres, and being the same lot
which was conveyed unto Joseph
H. Lewis by deed from Jonathan
Lewis and wife bearing date the
7th day of November, 1906, and
duly recorded in Liber E. z. T.,
No. 81, folio 1875, one of the
Land Records of Garrett county,
Maryland. Said lot of ground
will be sold to satisfy and pay the
State and county taxes due and
in arrear thereon for the years
1923, 1924 and 1925 as is charged
upon the Assessment Books of
Garrett county for said years in
the name of the said Joseph H.
Lewis.
No. a. All of that part of the tract
of land called "The Gleanings,"
known as part Of the James Kiss
ner farm, containing the quantity
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

satisfy and pay the State and
county taxes due and in arrear
thereon for the years 1923, 1924
and 1925, as is charged upon the
Assessment Books of Garrett
county in the name of the said
John R. Fike, Jr.,
TERMS OF SALE-Cash on
the day of sale. The right of
redemption extends to six calen-
Oar months from the day of sale
by pa. zig the amount of the
purchase money with interest
thereon at the rate of twenty
per cent per annum and all costs.
Conveyancing at the cost of pur-
chaser.
ALBERT L. LEE.
Treasurer of Garrett County,
Maryland.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
NOTICE TO SCHOOL COMMU.
MITES OF ONE AND TWO
TEACHER SCHOOLS.
NOMINATIONS OF TRUSTEES

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN to
all school communities of one and
two-teacher schools in Garrett county
that the Board of Education of the
county aforesaid has named the hour
of 400 o'clock P. NJ, of
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
THURSDAY, APRIL Is, 1926,

as the hour and day upon which each
school community of one and two
teacher schools is to meet at its school
house for the purpose of selecting
one, two or three residents of the
school community to be recommended
to the County Board of Education be-
fore April "a, 1926, for appointment
as trustee or trustees, as the vacan-
cies may demand in each particular
school.
School Communities having three or
more teachers are excused from this
regulation.
The hour and day of the meeting
may be changed to any other hour or
day of the week of April 18th 10th,
1926, if such change has the UNANI-
NOUS consent of all the people of the
school community who are interested
and concerned in the object of the
meeting.
BLANK FORMS for reporting to
this Office the deliberations of the
meetings will be mailed to all prin-
cipals of the various schools to be de-
livered by the principals to the COM
munity meetings to be held on the
date and hour named above.
BY ORDER of the Board of Educa-
ton of Garrett County, Maryland, at
its meeting held March 20, 1926.
F. E. RATHBUN, Secretary.
Oakland, Maryland. CIT.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01
HIGH SPOTS IN
A. I. & 7. REPORT
Summary of the Annual Report of the
American Telephone and Tele-
graph Company.

Progress in the
quality and extent
of telephone serv-
ice is the keynote
in the annual re-
port Of President
w. S. Clifford, of
the A m e ri C q Il
Telephone a II d
Telegraph Com
pany. He states
that more than
$4,000 telephones
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

70. 10. All of the coal under Mill
tary Lot No. 4123, situate, lying
and being in District No. 2 of
Garrett county, Maryland, and
being the same which was re-
served in a deed for the surface
from John R. Fike, Jr., and wife
to VIM. C. Groves and Forest D.
Groves, bearing date October IS,
1920, and recorded in Liber E. z.
T., No. 70, folio 210, one of the
Land Records of Garrett county,
as also all of the mining rights
and privileges appurtenant there
to, as reserved in said deed. This
being also part of the land and
minerals conveyed unto the said
John R. Fike, Jr., by deed from
B. F. Schroyer and wife bearing
date January 81, 1918, and re-
corded in Liber E. z. T., No. 72,
folio SGT, one of the Land Rec
ords of Garrett county. Said coal
and mining rights will be sold to
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

of ground containing the quantity
of % acres and described as fol-
lows: Beginning for the same at
a bounded chestnut tree on the
Western slope of a hill and at the
end of the first line of tract of
land conveyed by Joseph R. An
derson to Hiram Duckworth, and
running thence with the second
and third lines of said conveyed
tract South 25 degrees West, Sc
perches to small and bounded
tree on a ridge between two
streams, South 20 degrees East,
So perches to a bounded white
oak tree with two white oak trees
marked as pointers, North 70 de-
grees East so perches to a locust
stake in the And line of tract
of land known as Grants Farm"
then with said line reversed as
corrected, 81 degrees West, SO
perches to the beginning, this be-
ing the parcel of land which was
conveyed unto A. D. Miller, S. J.
Miller, Henry NJ. Broadwater and
Ross Compton by deed from JOS
eph R. Anderson bearing date
August 6, 1891, and recorded in
Liber E. q. T., No. 10, folio 81,
one of the Land Records of Gar
rett county, Maryland. Said par.
eel of land is located in District
No. II of Garrett county and will
be sold to satisfy and pay the
State and county taxes due and in
arrear thereon for the years 1923,
1924 and 1925 as is charged upon
the Assessment Books of Garrett
county in the names of the said
H. M. Broadwater, D. J. Miller,
A. D Miller and Ross Compton.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

.. 7. All of the undivided one-sixth
interest in and to all of the coal
and other minerals underlying all
of that tract of land known as
the 'Home Farm" of the late
John L. Sharpless, known as Mil
itary Lot No. 243, containing the
quantity of so acres, and also I'M
derlying part of the tract of land
known as Potomac Manor" con-
tanning 100 acres, this being the
undivided interest in and to said
coal and minerals conveyed unto
George D. White by deed from
j. w. Kimmell, late Treasurer of
Garrett county, bearing date the
21st day of March, 1921, and re-
corded in Liber E. 2. T., No. 80,
folio 214, one of the Land Rec
ords of Garrett county. Maryland.
Said interest in said coal and
other minerals is located in Dis
trict No. l of Garrett county, Ma
ryland, and will be sold to satisfy
and pay the State and county
axes due and in arrear thereon
for the year 1925 as is charged
upon the Assessment Books of
Garrett county in the name of the
said George D. White.
@ A r L - i
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

of 10 acres and 80 perches, more
or less, and described as follows:
Beginning at a stone pile stand
ing South 3 perches from boun-
ded chestnut tree and running
thence South GO perches to a
bounded sugar tree, thence East
z perches to stone, South 81a
degrees East, 7 perches to the
mouth of lane, thence West Sd
perches to a stake, thence North
221a degrees West, So perches to
a line of William Kissner and
with it about 81 degrees East,
1!S perches to the place of begin
ming, this being the parcel Of
land which was conveyed unto
James Orval Kissner by deed
from Mary NJ. Kissner and hus-
band bearing date the 9th day of
February, 1920, and uly recorded
in Liber E. z. T., No. n, folio
371, one of the Land Records of
Garrett county, Maryland. Said
parcel of land is situate in Dis
trict No. IA of Garrett county,
Maryland. and will be sold to sat
isfy and pay the State and county
taxes due and in arrear thereon
for the years 1923, 1924 and 1925
as is charged upon the Assess
ment Books of Garrett county,
Maryland, in the name of the said
James Orval Kissner.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

No. 8. All of that lot, piece or parcel
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

No. a. All of that part Of the tract
of land called "The Gleanings,"
known as part Of the James Kiss
ner farm, containing the quantity
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1926-04-01

Published first time Mar. 49,
Evening star., 1926-01-06
Local Bridge Needs.

Efforts are to be made by the Ran.
die Highlands Citizens Association to
have a new bridge across the Eastern
Branch AT Pennsylvania avenue in.
cluded in the general bridge program
of the District. The present bridge is
entirely inadequate to care for the
heavy volume of traffic. 1t is the link
between two arterial highways, Penn
sylvania avenue and the main road
leading into southern Maryland.
Travel on these routes has increased
very greatly in the past few years
and is continuing to grow heavier as
the District suburbs and the regions
in Maryland below the boundary de-
velop. Probably within the period re-
quired for the construction OF new
bridge. say, five years from the date
of authorization, that traffic will have
doubled in volume.
There are three bridges across the
Anacostia-the Navy Yard. PennsyI-
None of them Is a modern structure.
None of them is adequate for the ac-
commodation Of the traffic using It, At
least two of them are under question as
to stability All Of them should be re-
placed with substantial viaducts of
the best design and Of dimensions suf-
fcient to accommodate all conceivable
traffic of the future.
OF the seven bridges connecting the
city with the shores beyond the Poto.
mac and Anacostia Rivers, only three
are of modern. substantial design. the
Key Bridge and the Highway and
railroad bridges. The Chain Bridge
should be replaced speedily. 1t is in
adequate in width and doubtful in
durability. The Aqueduct Bridge has
been replaced by the Key and will
soon disappear. The Memorial Bridge
which will be soon in evidence, will
be the best of all in structure and
traffic accommodation. The Anacostia
bridges should not be neglected. They
should be brought up to the Capital
Evening star., 1926-01-06
Fort WASHINGTON.

In bill which has just been pa ssed
by the Senate provision is made Tor
the sale OF four forts belonging to the
United States. located in Maryland
and Virginia. together with number
Of other properties Of the United
States in different parts of the coun'
try. for which there is no further mil
itary use. 1t is to he hoped that at
least one of these will be spared from
sale and disappearance as n land
mark. That Is Fort Washington, the
walls of which on the Potomac shore
distinguishing feature of the approach
TO the Capital from the south. Fort
Washington long ago ceased to he or
any military use. 1t is an old-type
masonry construction. which, of
course in modern military engage
ment. would be of no protection what
ever to its occupants and no factor in
the defense of the city in case OF IN
vasion. But il has a significance that
is worthy of perpetuation. 1t never
inquired IN any OIL our wars. IL HAS
no historical meaning. Yet it is cher
ished by the people OF this city as a
familiar object. A long time ago II
was the scene of the first encamp-
ment OF the National Guard of the
District. Subsequently it was used
for the emplacement Of high-power
modern artillery. The futi)ty of a de-
tense of this character 50 close to the
city has long since been evident. \
hostile fleet ascending the river would
be able to reach Washington with
its Sunfre from y considcra BILE dis
tance below Fort Washington. How
ever that may be. Fort Washington is
cherished, and the hope is felt that
in this now proposed wholesale dispo-
sition OF needless lands heretofore
used for military purposes this par
ucular reservation, with its pictur-
eSque construction. MAY be spared to
remain as a park. In a very few years
this city will have spread into Mary
land, and Fort Wa ashington will be in
the suburbs, and this within easy
reach. and if preserved will lie as a
park source of great pleasure to the
public.