davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

Soviet Primers.-What the Soviet
government tells it's own folks in little
three cent booklets about government,
finance, taxes, cotton goods. This one
is about peasant credits. n
THE little booklet on Peasant Credit
i costs four cents, for it is a thick
one with a colored picture of modern
ploughs on the cover. It also is one Of
the best sellers, to judge from the
first edition of 100000 copies It
starts right in by calling a spade a
spade, and telling the peasant what
he is in unflattering language.
at is known to all, and especially
to our peasants, that peasant husband
ry in Russia is still very weak, dark
and backward y. 1t is known to all,
how the robber policy of the car and
the landlords strangled peasant hus-
bandry. And the long war and
the heavy struggle of the workers and
peasants against the generals and
landowners impoverished the land still
further.
What does the peasant need?-
The workers and peasants govern
ment knows we'll He needs every
thing-seed, working cattle, machines,
and tools, and every other means of
production. The government
would like to help in all these, but it
also is poor from the war, and needs
money for re-establishing all the hus-
bandry of the countryside railroads,
the industry, the schools, the posts
and telegraphs, and many other
things.
But altho the government has very
little, and the peasant has very little,
still, if we put these two Titles toget-
her it is possible to give help to the
peasant, even if not very quickly,
along the lines of peasant credit"
The Credit Organizations.
TN the center is the Central Agricul-
tural Bank of the Soviet Union,
with forty million rubles from the
government and an equal sum from
the State Bank to use for peasant cred
it. All the united republics have each
their Agricultural Bank, and in many
of the separate states are also agricul-
tural credit associations connected
with the central bank, drawing their
funds partly from the center, partly
from the local governments and coop
eratives and partly from the peasants
themselves.
But it is quite obvious that these
central banks cannot investigate each
peasants household and make him a
loan; they are too far away and the
cost would be too much. In order to
have cheap credit, there must be a
credit association in every village, or
at least in every other village. This
local credit association, acquainted
with every peasant locally, makes
loans to him, and itself gets loans
from the state banks which get theirs
from the Central Agricultural Bank.
The aims of the whole peasant cred
it scheme are these: n
/. To give help for strengthening
peasant husbandry. i2ee
2. To give it cheap and on easy
terms. at t5,
3. To give help first to the poorly
equipped peasant. lat6
4. To direct the help so that peas
ant husbandry may improve as rapid
ly as possible. Nq
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

5. To draw peasant deposits, even
if only by kopeks into thescredit funds
Along with credit there must go into
the village knowledge, and agricultur-
al teaching, and reading and writing
and Libraries.
Where to Get the Credits.
TT is clear that the twenty million
L peasant households in the Soviet
Union can't all go to the central bank
to get credits. Even the provincial
banks cannot handle them. There
ought to be in every township little
township bank to do this. But we are
still far from such conditions. So
peasants needing loans run from ku-
lax to kulak and he puts on them en-
shaving conditions.
Now every peasant can get a loan
thru a credit association. If there
isn't one, he should start one. Or if
there are now enough households to
start a credit association, which needs
at least so persons, then he should
join some other collective organiza-
ton, either producing artel, butter
making, woodworking, hand-industry,
or little consumers group, for buying
machinery, tractors, irrigation, or a
general agricultural cooperative. Any
one of these organizations can become
members of a central credit associa-
ton and can receive- loans for its
members.
The best form of Organization will
be when there is a township credit as
sociation in every township, and when
all the smaller collectiEes, artels and
co-operatives are members of this
township credit association.
To organize a credit association you
must have not less than fifty mem
bers. But it is better to have many
more, and if it is organized on a town.
ship basis, then you will have several
thousand families belonging thru their
various organizations. In making out
your plan, you must consider how
many individual peasants, how many
artels, communes, collectives you can
get in, how much deposits these or
CARNATIONS themselves can make and
at what times of the year, how much
credit you need from the center.
For What is Credit Given?
THE peasant needs everything. His
house is old with broken win
dows; the poorer peasants have Meth
er horse nor COW; as for tools, they
have Russian wooden plough, bar
row, bad cart, and no Shoes But
the first needs for which credit is Civ
en- are those which can re-establish
the peasants work. For this we may
boldly say that the chief need thru
out the land is cattle. For these were
destroyed in war and, famine. until
now there are villages where in 100
houses there are rs to 80 with
horse. and the rest without any.
But how is the peasant to buy his
horse? If he is merely given loan by
himself, and goes to market with it.
he will perhaps be buying horses
where they are dear, 1t is necessary
for the credit association of the col
lective to buy horses. together, send.
ing to the best districts, and securing
also the help of veterinary. This is
the way in which credit will be given
for horses.
Credit is also needed for good seed,
and for metal ploughs,s and other i'm
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05
LibeLing the Legion

The supreme of thu Illinois upheld convc
ton in lower send Jail for months the editor
Chicago German for the crime of beng the American
legion We do not what the German editor said
legion Rather than think
achievement 1t be possible libel them the
But ephet of degradation that has been
the English language adequately describe
lights of that organization Concerning the
just deuded individuals following
herd instinct cultivated in the army camps
simultaneously with the announcement
the of the editor there appeared the following dispatch
Omaha, Nebraska, the of the last legion
Liquor conditions American
the subject of federal investigation
officials prohibition
film alleged
hospitality depicting
f-' those subpoenaed
Surely the booteggers mpressario of filthy shows
that gentry knew the type of comprising the delegations
otherwise they would special trips
Omaha with their commodities
The persistent exposures Of the antabor character
Gals the legion workers from
it's influence Its forte present is aiding the sinister
tion of the military clique that has this country
quatey defend the rapaous greed Wall Street
crush the workers home We do assa by
but by Analysing its motives and exposing them
working class
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

PIGMENTS, and for re-districting land
in those places where the peasants de-
sire to move to the land itself, instead
of farming dozens of small pieces in
different places. The peasants of the
northern districts need credit for
draining swamps, and those Of the
southern districts need it for making
ponds and wells and irrigating bitches.
Finally, if the peasant is to secure
the best returns from his work, he
must not merely sell his raw products
in the market, but must work them up
locally, by creameries, fax cleaning
factories, vegetable oil factories. For
these also credit may be given.
On What Conditions is Credit Given?
THE first condition of any loan is to
fix the time of repayment. Every
peasant and every collective must re-
member that if they have loans for
too long a time, it prevents other peas
ants from getting help. On the other
hand, if the time is too short, they
cannot repay the loan. If the loan is
for seed, or fodder, or small tools, it
should be repaid after the first har-
vest; but if it is for general needs, or
a horse, obviously this cannot be so
quickly done.
In general every collective 'and
every peasant must consider this prin-
ciple, that loans are given for those
things which will enable the peasants
husbandry to become quickly profit
able and so repay the loan, and stand
on it's own feet. This differs in diff
ferent districts and must be carefully
considered by the local credit organ
izations, in order to build up good hus-
bandry.
Take, for instance, a northern re-
gion, Leningrad, Novgorod. Here it
is known that the income from rye is
much less per acre than the income
from fax, or clover, and that it is best
Of all, from cattle. So the credit as
sociations in these districts should
strengthen the peasant household in
these profitable directions, giving
credit for flax seed, clover seed, fod-
der, for implements for potato cul-
ture, for a community bull of good
breed, for dairy utensils or special
fodder, for implements which improve
meadows.
Conditions should be made in these
loans if loan is given for a horse,
it should be understood that it is used
to plough for more Eproftable cul-
lures. II a loan is given for COW,
condition should be made that she
goes to good bull; if credit is given
for seed, conditions may be made that
most of it be fax or clover. None of
these conditions should be arbitrary,
but should be in the interest of the
peasants own advancement.
The influence of these credit asso-
Citations may be very great Thru
their pressure, aided by their help,
many Improvements may be made in
the district, such as many-field ro-
tation; widening Of profitable crops;
increase of stock-raising; improve
ment of machinery; fire-proof build
ings; fight with pests. Hand in hand
with credit must go instruction.
When the peasant gets a loan, he
should pay it off as fast as possible.
Thus, if he gets loan for seed in the
autumn, and then makes a few rubles
in the winter by hauling wood, he
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

should not wait till next fall to begin
paying his loan, but should pay part
of it at once. This will enable more
peasants to be helped, and win make
the final payment easier for him. .
If at the time of payment, he cannot
pay, and wants an extension, he must
make very definite statement why
he cannot. Perhaps he got too large
sum or for too short time or for
wrong purposes, in which case
both he and the credit association are
much to blame and their credit suffers
in the future. Perhaps he was care
less, and treated the money like gov
eminent money for which he was not
responsible. Measures even to pun
ishment must be taken in these cases.
But if he can show that a fire, or hail
or drought have made it impossible
certainly the credit organization must
go halfway to help him.
What Peasants Must Get Loans2
MANY committees think they should
4Vl give loans chiefly to the well-to-
do peasants, because they're surer to
pay back. But this is wrong. There
are sometimes even committees where
the management is composed of ku-
laks, which gives out loans chiefly to
its friends or even takes little graft
for giving loans. If any peasants
know of these, they should complain
to the township government, or to the
county Soviet, or to the provincial
credit association, or even to the CEN
trail bank, till they get these people
cleaned out.
But these are also sincere commit
tees which think loans are safer to
well-to-do peasants, while the poorer
peasant-who knows whether to trust
him? But it is just to these poorest
ones, whose last horse died, or whose
wooden plough is worn out, or whose
harvest was destroyed by hail
these must first Of all be helped
First, because they are in most need.
And second, because this is more to
the interests of the workers and
peasants government, not only be-
cause these poorer peasants fought
hardest to establish the revolution,
but also because a very little loan,
only twenty or thirty roubles, will
give them what they need to begin to
stand on their own feet.
But of course there are also poor
peasants who love only to live at an
others expense and don't care to
work, and who, getting loan, use it
not for equipment, but for clothes, or
a wedding, or even for drink. That
is why credit association must know
personally the peasants, or else give
to a collective which guarantees its
members, and sees that the loan is
used for the purpose given.
On the other hand, the credit asso-
citation itself may be at fault, if it
gives loan insufficient for the pur-
pose. If a man needs 80 roubles for
a horse, and has himself As, and asks
for As, and if the credit association
gives him only 25, then he cannot buy
the horse. In the best case, he buys
COW and adds to his husbandry, but
he may spendeit for general expenses.
Or he may buy poor horse that dies
soon, and does not enable him to re-
pay the loan,
All these things must be considered.
And credit association can only
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

If workers. BY this, however, they
only showed once more that they are
The thralls of the ruling fascist CAPT
alist crew.
OF course, we have no objection to
the basis of the accusation being thus
extended. Neither the accused COM
rades, nor the party, nor the Commun-
list International will be disconnected
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

by it. The White administration OF
justice" which has already soiled It,
self for ever by its cruel sentences on
innumerable fighters from the ranks
of the working masses, and has closed
its eyes to the daily sanguinary
crimes of the ruling bandits, is only
exposing itself more than ever to ri
dicule.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

What do you earn? What are con-
litions in your shop? How do you
i've? Write a story for The DAILY
WORKER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

Worker Correspondence will make
The DAILY WORKER better paper
send in story about your shop.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

Mr. Hearst the eleventh hour supported AL Smiths
for mayor Then election day he
ported the Tammay candidate because he carry ans
Hearss policies but considered Gov AL Smith dishonest
The political reasoning of Mr. Hearst complicated
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

Senator Jim the of the Indiana kan
is the weknown violin vrtuoo Mr. Charles s. Dawes
acts president he remembers the morning
when he arrives in Indianapolis for monoogue tomorrow
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-11-05

Thc Uned Froat in Detroit Henry Ford and the Detroit
ration Of Labor unite reflect the mayor Of the city.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31
BOYD NEWS ITEMS

Anna Mae Johnson of Billings spent
Christmas at the home Of her parents.
Mr. and Mrs. F. c. Davis and daugh-
ter left on Thursday for Hardin where
they will visit at the home of their
parents until after the holidays.
Donald and Paul Anderson motored
to Belfry on Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Taylor and
children of Fromberg spent Christmas
with relatives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Hughes
and son and Marvin Kirkhart motored
to Fromberg on Saturday for visit
with friends and relatives.
The infant son Of w. F. Kebschull
who is i'll with pneumonia is improving
slowly.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robt. Dullenty were
business callers in Billings on Friday.
A large crowd attended the dance
and program at the Rocky Flat school
house and everyone reported a good
time.
The children Of the Selmes school
gave program and had a Christmas
tree on Wednesday evening.
Russell Robertson who teaches the
Shane Ridge school is spending his
Christmas vacation with relatives at
Red Lodge.
Mr.. and Mrs. Homer Hughes were
business callers at Billings on Satur-
day.
Mrs. John Normile and nephew
spent few days this past week with
relatives at Billings.
w. F. Kebschll and son motored to
Billings on Thursday to see his wife
and son.
Mr.. and Mrs. Decker and family
were dinner guests with friends at
Laurel on Friday.
Marie johnson who teaches the
school at Commanche spent her vaca-
cation at the home of her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otto Brockway and
children and Mr.. and Mrs. T. j. Davis
are visiting relatives at Billings this
past week.
Irene Lorash left on Saturday for
Billings where she will visit for few
days.
Anna Lorash who is employed at
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Bridger spent Christmas at the home
Of her parents.
John Normile motored to Billings
on Friday for visit with relatives.
He was accompanied home by Francis
Ross who will visit for a few days.
Earl Huddleston Of Billings was a
caller in this vicinity on Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. E. Hennebry and
children were callers at Laurel on Sat
urday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. F.. T. Hennebry and
children of Bearcreek visited relatives
in this vicinity for a few days this
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31
LIMITED OFFER

Until our present seating capacity
is reached we will offer to a few
students the privileges of our easy
Deferred Tuition Payment Plan. In
vestigate. Save time and money. Act
quickly.
BILLINGS BUSINESS COLLEGE
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Aviator: Sure, I'll take you all up
but you'll have 10 pay in advance"
"In advance? Why we've been up
before and always paid when we got
through flying"
Aviator. "Sure, but this machine
isn't as safe as it used to be-"
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

A very pretty cantata was given
Christmas eve at the high school GYM
nasium under the direction of Mrs.
Fred Christian.
The first scene opened with a song,
Xmas Eve in Toyland", by the girls
of the third grade. This was followed
by recitation entitled, "Polly's Dis
covery", by Margie Christiani
The next scene was in Santa's Work
Shop. The gnomes were Earnest
Reed, Elmer Hennebry, Ted Gents,
William Beeney, Frances Johnson, Ver-
aid Rosander, Jack and Bill Wright,
Buddie Hawthorne, Tony McCorkle
and Robert Murray.
Scene HIN the Home.
The mother, Eva Reed; Children,
Janette Young, Helen Noble, Robert
Murray and Ruth Reed.
Santa and Gnomes arrival.
Songs, .'Silent Night" and at came
Upon a midnight Clear, accompanied
by Miss Helen Forney.
Following the program sacks of
candy were distributed by Santa Calus
to all the children present.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

The Christmas trade was very sat
isfactory for all the local merchants.
the mines have not worked
as much as usual, there seemed to be
the same amount Of money in circula-
ton.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Pryde and fam
lily and Mr.. and Mrs. James Rankin
were dinner guests at the John Rankin
home at Washoe Christmas.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31


We've Harrington were dinner gests at
the J. Harry Wright home Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter lamport were
the gests of Billings friends Christ
mas day.
Miss Eva Van Hooker and Phil
Noble were visitors over the hill Sun
day.
Miss Janet Hynds and James Hynds
of Billings spent Christmas at the
parental home.
Miss Freda Morreau, Of Billings is
spending the holidays at the Besinque
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Garrett and fam
lily were dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
John Reinhart Friday.
Miss Edna Seip, who is employed in
Billings spent Christmas at the home
OF her parents in Washoe.
Mrs. Peters, Of Billings, is visiting
at the home of her sister, Mrs. w. R.
Freeman.
Mrs. Michael Doyle is spending the
week at the home of her father, Alex
Fairgrieve.
Miss Catherine Doughty spent the
week end as the guest of Mrs. Ed
Gents.
Miss Antilena Lakuitis, who was OPP
Grated on in Billings two weeks ago
was able to return home Thursday.
John Massick was in Red Lodge
Sunday attending to business.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Johnson were
shopping in Red Lodge Tuesday.
George Bell, of Billings, was attend
ing to business here Monday.
Mrs. John Kane was a Washoe Wis
tor Monday.
Miss Elsie Vickery spent Friday at
the John O'Shea ranch near Roberts,
Miss Anna Thompson spent Christ
mas at the parental home at Washoe,
Louis Sasich was attending to bust
ness in Billings over the week end
Dave Murray, Jr., rYas the guest of
friends in Belfry Sunday.
Charles Wright was Red Lodge
visitor Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. K. Frasure were
ihoppers in Billings Tuesday.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31
Bear Creek
Items.
Especial to The News)

Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Frankovich,
of Washoe, entertained at dinner Fri
day. The guests were Mr.. and Mrs.
Glen Pylman, Mr.. and Mrs. iona
Lucas, Joe Frankovich, and daughter,
Mimi Mae, and Martin Marie and
family.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Joint installation of the Eastern
Star and Masons officers was held in
Lodge Temple hall Monday evening.
The meeting was followed by short
program and supper served by the
Eastern Star.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Smith and SON
of Red Lodge were callers at the Geo.
Ward home on Friday
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Tom Apologize parkef his brand
new fiivver within ten feet of police
man, and yet it was stolenl So he
called the copl The trial is set for
next week and everybody is going to
hear what he called him.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Vincent Sternmetz, who has been
visiting at the parental home the past
ten days, left Wednesday for his home
at Casper.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. P. H. Gardner enter
tanned a number of heir friends on
Christmas eve. The q, 9ning was spent
in music and conversation. Guests of
the evening were Mr.. and Mrs. A. r.
Morgan and Mrs. F. S. Morgan of Bill
lings, Joe Clark, of Red Lodge and
Mr.. and Mrs. C. P. Hamrick and DIR.
and Mrs. ]. C. F. Seigfriedt.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. P. H. Gardner were
hosts to number of their friends at
dinner Christmas evening. The table
was decorated in the holiday colors,
the center piece being a poinsetta.
Crystal candle holders with red tapers
tied with green tulle were also used as
decoration. Covers were laid for Mrs.
F. G. Morgan, of Billings, Joe Clark,
of Red Lodge, Mr.. and Mrs. c. P.
Hamrick, DR.. and Mrs. ]. CT F. Sieg-
friedt and Mr.. and Mrs. Gardner and
son, Horton. The evening was spent
playing bridge.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Word has been received here from
Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Norris, formerly of
this place. They are still located at
Milwaukee, Wis, where Mr.. Norris
will complete course in Electrical
engineering by the first of the year.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Robert Rhind, George and Mary
Rhind and Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Irvine
went to Billings Friday where they
spent the day with Mrs. Rhind who is
in hospital at that place.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Miss Eva Van Hooker and Phil
Noble were visitors over the hill Sun
day.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Walter lamport were
the gests of Billings friends Christ
mas day.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Samarisch enter
tanned at 1900" Friday evening. The
guests were Mr.. and Mrs. Chris Kokat,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Rosander and Mrs.
Christman.
The Carbon County news. [volume] (Red Lodge, Mont.) 1924-1931, 1925-12-31

DR.. and Mrs. ]. w. Reed and fam
lily, Mrs. Fred Christian and family
and Mr.. and Mrs. S. M. Arvin and
daughter, Janette enjoyed sump-
tuous Christmas dinner at the Lam
port hotel.