davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1925-10-07
OPTIMISM EXPRESSED
BY SEC. W. NJ. JARDINE
Government Agricultural Officer
Feels Sure Rural Electric Prob
lem viii Be Mastered.

Secretary of Agriculture W. NJ. Jar
dine is confident that the right steps
are being taken to discover the key
to the farm electrifcation question.
He feels certain that a satisfactory
solution Of the matter will be finally
arrived at.
Secretary Jardine has expressed his
views in a letter to the electric utili-
ties Of Nebraska, in which he sum-
marizes the problem and declares 1t to
be an u%ndeniable truth that the farm
er would find himself better off in
every way If he could make liberal use
of electric power.
1.-THE farmer needs electrical pow.
err" said Mr.. Jardine, both because
of the added pleasures its use brings
to farm life and also because of its
economic value to the agricultural in
dustry. The use of electrical energy
not only makes a more efficient appli.
cation of power possible in many
cases, but 1t opens up an extensive
field of new uses for power application
for which other types of power are
not adapted.
Agriculture has benefited from the
use of power as well as other indus
tries, but unfortunately it is handi-
capped In the efficient application of
its power due t. the diversity of the
operations, the small size of the power
unit usually in the hands of one oper-
ator and the seasonal demands for the
power in proportion to the quantity
Of work to be done. This situation
has resulted in a relatively high cost
per unit OF power utilized, and it
would appear as though the adoption
of electrical distribution of power
might reduce this cost in many cases
If an economical method OF rural cleo
IRRIGATION can be developed.
"The utilization of electrical energy
for curing foods and field crops, COM
batting insect pests and for the stimu-
lation of plant and animal growth,
while not as yet fully understood,
would appear to have considerable
possibilities that may also in time
prove of great aid to agriculture.
while undoubtedly the rural cleo
IRRIGATION problem is such that 1t will
require serious thought and extensive
research before its final solution can
be obtained, believe that the right
steps are now being taken to reach
this solution and that the cleo
trio light and power companies should
look forward to this field as one that
will prove to be of great Importance to
their industry in the future"
, 1925-10-07
Electric Way of
Threshing Grain

II experiments conducted on an ILL
nois farm can be taken as a guide, the
threshing of wheat and pats by cleo
tricity offers attractive possibilities
for economy, Two young farmers
near Bloomington, H.. DeLoss and
Eugene Funk. have demonstrated to
their own satisfaction that electrical
t%hreshing is 60 per CEN less costly
than steam threshing, in the case of
oats, and less than half as expensive
for wheat.
They gave both methods a thor
ough trial. and in addition also ex-
perimentod with a gasoline tractor.
Their figures, however, compare steam
and electricity.
The cost of their steam equipment
amounted to s4,772, with operating
costs OF s1.577. a total OF S6.349. The
cost OF the electrical equipment came
to s2.260. and the operating costs
were SG55. or a total of S2.915.
The same amount Of work was per
formed by each method-sixty thou
sand bushels Of oats and fifteen th0l.
sand bushels Of wheat were threshed.
, 1925-10-07
: Upper Sage Creek !.

Mrs. Fred Mcneil and daughter
Faye were Friday callers on Mrs. Sam
Stewardson.
MN. RAIDER left Saturday for Hedg-
esville, Mont. where he will purchase
some sheep.
Mrs. VIM. English and Mrs. L. w.
Schultz assisted Mrs. lbert Schultz
with her threshing meals Saturday and
Sunday. Mrs. ]. E. Horner and
Mrs. Palm were Sunday callers on the
flat.
Mr.. and Mrs. DR.. Manlove were
Sunday dinner guests at the E. E.
Dunn home.
Roy Vinzant returned from Bonnie
vile last week and left Saturday with
Mrs. Vinzant to make their home at
Casper.
Ed Swan, Andrew Martin, Mrs. G.
Johnson, Geo Parker, Mrs. w. A. Ra-
der, o. L. White and Miss Lockhart
were last week callers at the Fritzler
ranch.
Jack Horisky who works at the D..
Mcdonald sheep ranch received a tele-
gram Monday announcing the death
of his father in Kansas and left the
same day to be present at the funeral.
Mrs. Anna Cockrell and Kid Wilson
We're Sunday callers at the David Ere
borg home.
H. C. Fritzler and son Clifton were
riding the range Sunday and rode on
to a bunch of about Is antelope near
the head of Sulphur creek.
That Harvest home supper on Fri
day night will be great.
Mrs. w. A. RAIDER was one of the
party who motored Sunday to North
Fork afterwards having supper with
j. NJ. Schwoob.
Mrs. l.. W. Schultz is on the sick
list this week.
Lawrence F~reeborg and Oscar Pra-
ter attended the dance at Ralston
Saturday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. David Freeborg were
Sunday callers on Mr.. and Mrs. Joe
Isham.
Nh. and Mrs. Arthur pearson and
daughter Virginia left on Thursday,
for a trip to Casper to visit relatives
returning by the way of Lander and
arriving home Monday evening.
, 1925-10-07
ELECTRIC LAWN MOWER


Motor-Driven Machine Cuts swath Of
20 Inches In Fast Time.
On farms where the trim appear
ance OF the grounds around tho farm
stead Is part OF mo daily objective
the advantage u an electrically.driven
lawn mower Is likely TO have an APP
peal. Such an apparatus has recently
been brought out. the electrical equip
ment consisting Of a one-hnlf horse.
power General Electric motor which
operates az 10 volts IN either direct
or alternating current circuits.
The oto was especially designed
for the mower after electrical engi.
noers had studied the particular re.
quircments OF this machine for some
time. II drives the mower with case.
either on level ground or on grades.
Reduction gears carry the power from
the motor to the wheels. and these
genrs are enclosed IN d~ust-proof hous.
ings and run In oil.
The machine cuts a swath twenty
inches In width. and the revolving cut
ter Is equipped with i've blades.
, 1925-10-07

An enthusiast points. out that cleo.
trieity as the Observation-Disclosures
does not: Consume food, require
lodging, go home nights, ask for one
day a week on. refuse to do the wash.
ing. or demand higher wages. II
anyone had described such q maid
as that to your great grandmother
ron can Imagine the iook she'd have
shot backi
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

rive until after the Battle of Pierre's
Hole had been fought, between the
eros Ventres of the Prairie and the
tTappers.
Bonneville was delighted to meet
FOntenelle and his party, but he was
soon to be invited into the amenities
Of the fur trade, as the latter sue
ceeded in ~persUading the Delaware
Indians Bonneville had enlisted, to
desert.
Alter the Battle of Pierre's Hole,
the dispersion of the trappers, Fitz-
patrick and Bridger enticed Wander
burgh, of the American Fur Com
pany, into a region they knew to be
infested with hostile Indians, and
there V~anderburgh was slain, while
Fitzpatrick and Bridger narrowly es-
capped the same fate.
Fortunately, Bonneville was not
attacked by the Indians at that time,
although both Crows and eros
Ventres visited his camp. At this
meeting place, the captain made the
acquaintance of the free trappers,
who charged into his camp in their
wOnted spectacular manner. He has
given us a fine description of their
dress, first saying that nothing
p!eases them more than to be mis-
taken for Indians.
His" (the trapper's) hair is
suffered to attain to a great length,
is carefully cOmbed out, and either
left to fall carelessly over his should
ers, or tied up in otter skins, or
par~ti-cOlOred ribbons. A hunting
shirt of calico of bright dyes, or of
ornamented leather, falls to his
knees; below which, curiOusly fash
Toned leggings Ornamented with
strings, fringes and q p~rOfusiOn of
hawks bells, reach to a costly pair
of mOccasins Of the finest Indian
fabric, richly embroidered with
beads. A blanket of scarlet or some
other bright color hangs from his
shoulder, aid is girt round his waist
with a red sash, in which he bestOws
his pistols, knife, and the stem of
his Indian pipe; preparations either
for peace or war. His gun is lavish
ly decorated with brass lacks and
vermilliOn, and provided with d
fringed cover, occasionally of buck
skin Ornamented here and there with
a feather. His horse, the noble min
lister to the pride, pleasure, and
profit of the mOuntaineer, is Sc
AGCNCQ AOl ulo hlCCQs 6D4AtL, ana
prancing gait, and holds a place in
his estimation only second to him
self. He shares largely Of his bounty,
land of his pride and pOmp of trap
ping. He is caparisOned in the most
dashing and fantastic style; the
brides and crupper are weightily
embossed with beads and cOckades;
and head, name, and tail are inter
woven with abundance of eagles
plUmes which flutter in the wind.
s TO complete this grOtesque equip
d ment, the proud animal is bestreaked
J. and bespOtted with vermilion, or
with white clay, which ever presents
l. the most glaring contrast to his real
o color"
The foregoing are some of the
= initial experiences of Captain Bonnie
vile, while on his way to what is
= now Montana.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

care of a doctor and nurses during
the remainder Of that night.
However, as to this punishment,
which it was claimed her husband
had inflicted upon her, the young
wife and mother was silent. She de-
MED that her husband had attacked
her. She denied that she had made
any complaint or that she had ever
told others she had been assaulted.
The husband likewise denied the
charge. There were no other wit
nesses to appear against the young
husband, other than the father-in-
law. He of course, was not present
at the time his daughter was at
tackled, but he had a strong feeling
against the young fellow and he lost
no opportunity in expressing himself
in court.
He could not speak English but he
was an orator in the Piegan tongue
and he made a strong talk in the
court, most of which was directed at
the defendant.
Lengthy Argument
The latter, it appeared, had no
home and he lived with his father
in-law. The latter did not want him
around the place and he lost no
opportunity in ~impressing it upon the
young fellow. The latter answered
occasionally and the two argued at
considerable length.
Then the police judge, having list
ened patiently to the little testimony
offered and to the remarks of the
rather-in-IaW. took up the thread and
he in turn delivered an grafton in the
Piegan tongue. other than the In
dams present no n knew Just what
he was saying, but when he con-
eluded he interpreted enough Of his
remarks to show that he had severely
castigated the defendant.
It appeared that while he was of
the opinion that the defendant was
guilty of the charge there was no
testimony against him and it would
be necessary to dismiss the case.
However he told the defendant that
this was about the sixth time he had
been up In court and that this would
De the last in which any leniency
would be shown him that If he ever
came before the court again he would
receive a term of go days 10 Jail. He
told him he must get away from the
home OF his father-in-law, that he
must provide a home for his wife
and family and that he must 60 to
work and provide for them.
Then after disposing Of a few mi-
nor matters, such as discussing with
9 young indian the matter OF pay
ment of 8 debt of 427 which sc was
claimed he owed IA Indian woman.
the Judge adjourned court.
The judge Ok the court Bae George
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23
Dignified Blackfeet Justice Maintains
Order in Tribe by R~eprjmands, Fines

Star, known more or less to all tour
lists who have visited Glacier nation
al park during the past few seasons,
because Of it's connection with the
Indian entertainments daily provided
at the Glacier Park hotel.
Star, or Chief George Star, as he
is known in the park, is the boss of
the little band of Indians which daily
appears in brilliant costumes at the
big hotel, welcoming the arriving
guests, speeding those departing, and
giving the evening program of dances
and Indian tom tom music on the big
veranda at the rear Of the hotel each
evening.
Session Every Week
Star has been judge Of the Black
feet Indian police court for the past
six years and he holds court once
each week throughout the year.
Court begins at / p. m. each Friday
afternoon and continues until the
docket is cleared. Some days there
are no cases to try while upon other
occasions there are as high as six
or eight matters to dispose Of.
In this court are handled all the
petty cases which arise on the reser-
walton, such as cattle killings, horse
thefts and family troubles. All the
more serious matters are sent to the
federal court.
Judge Star sometimes imposes Jail
sentences, running from a week to 80
days, and the jail is located in an
other corner of the block in which
the agency office occupies the center.
However, it is only occasionally chat
one Of it's three cells has an occupant.
No money fines are imposed BY
Judge Star, as this in most instances
would mean imprisonment ia lieu Of
payment Of the fine, but a defendant
who would otherwise be fined or sent
to jail is sometimes required to haul
in a load or two Of wood or hay for
use at the agency or for the INDECENT
members Of the tribe. If the defend
ant has a large family and a piece OF
ground which should be cultivated
the court may il1pOse upon him the
duty of blowing up to 10 or 90 acres.
which gives him a start in farming
operations, for, if he has the land
plowed, he Is hard put to find an ex-
cuse for not planting &c and reaping
a crop.
No lawyers appear in the court of
Judge Star-he doesn't want inter
terence Of this character. He cues
lions all the witnesses and he has
never been known % have trouble
with an Indian through being peeved
or inceneed at his treatment 81 the
court. There = charged no feaa a.
this court and while 8 docket is maine
talked oy an English opeaking ems
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23
By WARREN w. MOSES
Earring himself with ali

II Earring himself with all the
dignity of a justice Of the sup
rene court, carrying out in his
appearance and demeanOr the pre-
sumption that his position was lust
as important and as serious as that
OF the occupant of the bench in any
Of the civil courts Of the state. a
member of the BIackfeet tribe of In
dians sat in the courtroom of he
agency building at Browning presid-
ing over a session of the Indian pO-
lice court.
Before him was a young full-blOod
Blackfeet Indian, charged with wife
beating. The defendant was dressed
IN modern clothing, there was no
suggestion Of the Indian in his cos
tune, only the Indian features, the
sWarthy skin and the straight, black
hair.
At the other end Of the table, be-
hind which sat the Indian police
Judge, was the defendants father-in-
law, a full-blOod Blackfeet Indian,
one Of the influential members Of the
tribe and a man well known to the
whites not only of the reservation,
but Of many Of the states to the east
and west.
Between the two sat the innocent
party to the whole affair, the wife
Of the defendant, upon whose testi-
mony would rest the penalty to be
meted out to her husband.
Wife Is Timid
She was a timid little creature. far
to frail in stature and constitution
TO be able to Withstand physical pun
lshment, and from her attitude the
only sufferer from the ordeal of the
trial. She too, was lacking n of the
garments or ornaments which might
indicate her Indian birth. while
there was nothing snowy about her
set-up, she wore a hat such as might
have been seen upon anv American
girl OF moderate circumstances. a
DlacK plush coat with fur collar, a
Mnlte waist, low shoes and silk stock
ihss- one was shy, casting furtive
looks az the judge from under the
rim OF her hat, and in her arms lay
ner young babe, which she nursed
"nen lt became restless during the
progress of the trial.
she was the first witness called to
TESTIFY against her husband, who had
been arrested a few days before by a
representative Of the government and
VINO mad charged that while camped
t0iacler Park hotel during a gacent
pow WOW Of the Indians conducted in
nonor OF q distinguished visitor. the
husband under the influence ol
m~oonsnlqe had returned 20 the
tepee ana had beaten and kicked her
% the extent that she wes under the
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

But evidently his .superiors held
this to be insufficient excUs for his
absenting himself from army duties,
for after making it plain that the
government refused to assume any
of the expense of the EXPEDITION, Gen
eral Macomb suggests that cit is de-
sirable, besides what is enumerated
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

Ashley, it will be remembered, had
done away with the time-honOred
custem of having the annual trad
ing done at company posts, and es-
tablished the rendezvous instead.
This was held at soHe designated
point toward which all the trappars
set out early in the spring. This year
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

Fortunate. It was not until after
separation on the following morn
ing, that the captain and the men
ascertained the secret of all this low
ing kindness. In the course of their
fraternal caresses, the Crows had
contrived to empty the pockets Of
their white brothers; to abstract the
very buttons from their coats, and,
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23
THE INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE WHILE
ON HIS TRIP IN 1892 TO WHAT is NOW STATE OF MONTANA

to their record for thievery. OF this
popularity Of theirs, Irving states,
During the day and night they were
emcamped with the travellers, their
conduct was friendly in the extreme.
They were, in .act, quite irksome
in their attentions, and had a car
ressing manner at times quite i'm
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

the place OF meeting was to be at
Pierre's Hole, named for IN Ir3Cuois
chief who YVES killed there, and
Pierre's Hole was ~BOnneville's OBJ
jective.
On his way he fell in with Fon-
tenelle, who was carrying supplies to
the American Fur Company, and was
much behind time as he did not ar
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

vile neglected to put them on their
honor; for another authority says if
the Crows were placed on their hon
or, the traveller was safe; otherwise
they would steal the hair off your
head" Right here Bonneville had
an opportunity to observe how this
tribe could "subsist in times Of
peace"
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

above all, to make free with their
hunting knives"
These were warriors who COM
mitted the thefts, but we must not
forget that an agent assured Captain
Williams that it was only the women
and children who were given to
thievery. Possibly Captain Bonnie
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-23

ket which requires no auditing.
Patent fee Indians, of whom there
are quite a number on the reserva-
ton, are citizens of the United States
and need not be subject to the au-
thoPity Of the Indian police court.
Judge Star can try their cases if he
wishes and if not he turns them over
to the civil courts. He receives his
appointment through the commits
siOner of Indian affairs upon recon-
'mendatiOn of the superintendent Of
the agency, but is appointed for no.
specific term.
Long Service
Judge Star is past his 59th birth
day and has worked for the govern
ment continuously since 1886. He
served first as stableman at Old
Agency and was then placed in
charge of the erection Of a saw mill
on lower Two Medicine lake, where
lumber was gotten out for the use
of the Indians.
In 1890 he was appointed a mem
Der Of the police force of the reser-
walton and a few years later was
made captain of police. Then be was
placed in charge of a force of about
70 Indians engaged in building a
fence around the reservation from
the head Of Birch creek to the Cana
dian line, a distance Of about 12O
miles. After finishing that work he
went back on the force as captain,
IN which office he served altogether
for 16 years. He also had charge over
the Indians employed on reservation
work, including the construction of
irrigation bitches and when the
Blackfeet owned a tribal herd he
served as assistant superintendent Of
cattle. Six years ago he was appoint
ed to the office Of police judge.
Star has a farm on Cut Bank
creek, seven miles from Browning. In
spite Of the fact that he never went
to school, he speaks very good Eng
lish. He has had the opportunity Of
viewing the larger communities Of
the east, having on several occasions
been taken with other Indians on
trips to Washington, ID. c., New
York, Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis
and other cities, and he has also been
on the west coast on two occasions.
While the blood which flows
through Judge Stars veins is mainly
Piegan, he has some Mexican blood.
being a grandson Of Pablo, a Next
can who was on the Missouri river
during the fur trading days, and of
whom the following reference an
pears ia Volume 8 Of the Montana
Historical society publication.
"In September G845) Pablo.
Mexican, who for several years had
been employed as post herder. was
httieQ Dy g 9Locktoot on the large
island above che fort (F0rt Louis)
since called after him. pablo'9
island
The Washington times., 1925-12-01
The British Mean Business
Study the Aircraft Picture on This Page

The British for many years nave sung anu Ney are SUI"
singing Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the waves
They add "Britons never shall be slaves
Rritons surely will be slaves If British energy can
helm it. They ruled with ships the water wne
Nvater- borne ships important
Thew intend rule the air that war ana 1as
have moved from earth and water into the
clouds above
II is an interesting aircraft picture presented this page
Il shows the British lighter thanar dirigbe R33 or rather
rart of the vast flying machine with suspended beneath
f. able to drop tens of bombs enemy cities factories
troops, etc. -
IA which machine attached BY very
simple device machine fly up fasten itself onto this
trapeze like arrangement underneath the big drglbe
Once the machine the trapeze is hauled and
the wings of tie big held firmly in the two hooks
that YOU Just below the body Of the big The drigb
carries fighting mOnoplane as battleshp carries orpedoes
e. be off against the enemy.
aTctsd by the commander On the left, in this
rsurs big engine whence the is applied
IA the arshp Between the trapeze for carrying and
any time terrific speed errands Of destruction
Wills The British are building things like our Govern
anl bring trial Colonel Mitchell merely for telling
90 about Incompetence and denouncng lack Of
fneTay h aiTefan uuding
TALES tha wakes and does something protect
HnsN IL tha ua unele Sam will learn his
ilal rh 80 unprotected grocer butcher hardware and
kniomnbt manufa1tnfeF combined h - distinct dlsad
AnaHa whan htlaehad from the TIE Stars end Stripes
S balils flau nei q masoUt