davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27

settling back when the speed became
more constant
This. then, explained his difficulty
on Mills. He seldom was travelling as
asst in second as he thought he wa
going. Now he drives faster in second
and experiences no difficulty shifting
to high. He has freed himself from
the custom of taking the speedometer
too literally
1t has always been the custom to
run an engine fairly fast when de-
string to warm II up. but the wise
driver today warns up by idling. Tn
til the engine reaches it's normal tenn
perature the faster it runs the quicker
the gas vapor passes the hot spot on
the intake manifold and the poorer
the mixture that reaches the cyIin-
derS. Higher speed also causes the
fan 10 exert greater cooling effect.
Among the Gnwritten and question
able laws of motoring is the one that
warns motorist to stop and CON
vince himself that he is stranded If
the oil pressure gauge should cease
to register. Little by little, however.
drivers are beginning to find tina.
there may be times when the gauge
itself may be at fault and that there
are ways of determining this.
-. Gauge Not Necessary.
i showed Smith how to do this. We
raised the hood of his car while the
engine was switched off. The oil level
register showed that there was the
full amount of oil in the SUNNI at the
bottom of the crankcase. Then we
ran the engine and found that as the
speed increased the indicator regis.
tered less oil in the stump. This proved
that the oil pump was working and
That the oil was circulating. We did
not need the oil pressure gauge to
prove it.
Since the very earliest DAYS of mo
tordom car owners have made il the
rule t" put new tires on the rear of
the car. transferring the old rear ones
To the front wheels Front wheel
blowoutsN have therefore enioyed un.
interrupted popularity
smith was quick to catch the fault
in this custom. Now he uses the beSt
and strongest tires on the front
wheels. With his four-wheel brakes
IL Is not necessary to depend upon ehe
rough treads of rear csres for efficient
stopping.
Motoring. has changed. with The
times. 1t Is constantly changing. No
RUE that applied yesterday or thai
applies today can be counted upon ia
apply tomorrow.
copyright. 1921
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
RISE In PRICE OF TIRES
PARTIALLY A BLESSING
Has Cut Down Waste by Buyer and
Maker and Has Made Factories
More Efficient.

While the motorist may not realize
mobile tire prices in the past year has
not been without its compensations.
Its chief virtue is that it has taught
The MANUFACTURED and the car owner
one of the oldest lessons in the world
that ii had been enormously wasteful
Of something that was suddenly much
more valua bic than lis dollars and
cents appraisal Indicated
indications are" SAYS trade bull
letin of the General Tire & Rubber
Co. that rubber will become more
scarce steadily for a few years" The
statement. which points out that while
the cost Of crude rubber has advanced
400 per cent, the advances passed on
to the tire buyer do not avera &c more
than % per cent. continues:
This is partly accounted for by the
fact that early in the year tire makers
worked on the basis Of compare lively
cheap rubber. contracted for last Fall
and Winter. That does not nearly ac-
count for all the dispa rty between the
increase in the cost Of crude ma teria !
and the smaller increases in the price
OF the finished product. however.
Efficiency Increased
Nor does altruiSm nor benevoIence
Tire factories are business institutions
and the tire business is conducted for
profit with public service its excuse
for existence. And right now tire fac
tories are being run with more eff
cheney and less waste than ever he
fore. They have 10 he. You'd be
amazed to know how carefully floors
are swept and small particles OF crude
rubber picked out of the sWeepings.
cleaned and separated by "A special
process and put into work. The trim
ming OF tires was never So carefully
and neatly done And the chemist
and engineers have gone into action
and are discovering processes and
short cuts that permit high priced
rubber to go as far As possible.
An this should be good news to
the motorists of the present AS they
look ahead a few wears for il rnea N <
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
RAILWAY USES BUS
TO MEET COMPETITION
Takes to Motor Vehicle With Sue.
cess When Auto Cuts Into
Branch Revenues.

Adoption of the bus as "A weapon
against automobile competition to
bra nch lines and supplemental to main
line pa SSenger service has proved
its value to the Boston and Maine
Railroad Company. The results of
the venture, which started last May,
We're laid before the automotive trans
portation meeting of the Society of
Automotive Engineers at Philadelphia
by F. II. Fritch, president of the sub
sidiary company that operates the
service.
These operations include motor
coach service at Port y. H.. A s
a. substitute for the electric street
railway that was discontinued: the
substitution of motor coach service for
steam,on a 12-mile line between Ports
mouth and York Beach, Me-; an in
terstate line between Boston and
Portland. Me, and the use Of motor
coaches in the Summer resort districts
of New Hampshire to supplement
steam train service. At the height
Of the Summer season eight distinct
motor coach services, covering 445
miles. were In operation. A fleet of
80 motor coaches of two distinct types
was used for these various operations
Is being of the so-called street.car
type and II of the parlor car type.
Motor vehicles have become an i'm
portant factor in affairs of the rail
roads, said Mr.. t'ritch. In 1920. which
was the peak year. the total number
OF passengers carried by the railroad DIS
"t the country was approximately
l,269.9l3 900. while in 1924 the number
was Approximately a3l.34S. 900. a de
crease of = per cent. This decrea sc
MIS- not entirely due to the private
automobile. but to- some extent to the
motor coach.
The particularly acute situi.t ion is
thal biahch-llne revenues have been
so depleted by the automobile and
the motor truck that the main lines
can no longer support these branch
lines. and more economical trans
portation must he found
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Now You Have It,

Answers to last week. questions.
|. Eighty horsepower is required 10
overcome wind resistance if A car with
|" square feet of head surface is
trs Neling 100 miles an hour.
;. The first official auto road race in
America was held on Long Island
April II. 1900. between Springfield and
Babylon
). II a spring bolt is not properly
creased, ii will squeak. That is the
one sure test
:. A car can be stopped quicker by
using the emergency brake in connec-
tion with the service brake. provided
the wheels are not locked If the
wheels lock. the added effort is of no
avail.
D. In order TO keep a radiator from
freezing down to IS degrees below
zero ii is necessary To use = "a no..
cent solution of alcohol.
tCODyTght. 1925
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Did You Know That

If the liquid in the motometer be
comes separated. the instrument can
he restored to usefulness again"
Simply insert the lower portion of it
in a pan Of boiling water. The bulk
Of the liquid in the meter will then
rush upward and meet the portion
that has become separated. Upon cool
ing, the meter will be as good as ever
If calcium chloride is used as an
antl-freeZe solution and spills over the
ignition wiring. ii will cause short
circuits? These will be very difficult
To locate. since the calcium chloride
will melt when the engine warns up.
making 1t difficult to trace the short
Two horns cannot he operated from
one siX-volt battery if they are to OPP
crate in series from one button. Con
meet them on separate circuits with
separate buttons. however. and "A dou-
bic horning effect can be had il both
buttons are touched simultaneously.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
TIPS ON CHRISTMAS CARS CARE
WILL SPARE NEW OWNERS PURSE
Capital Dealers Body Offers Suggestions That Will
Start Gift on Life of Usefulness and at
Nominal Cost.

driving the car which are advocated
in contrast 10 bad habits Of driving
which. once formed. are difficult TO
forget. New car owners are cautioned
against few Of the funda mental
errors which pla gue the tyro automo-
bile driver and cost him considera bic
sums. Realizing that persons desire
- take especial care of what they re-
ceiye 1T the Yuletide sea son. for senti-
mental az we'll IS practical reasons.
the dealers believed their suggestions
would be>doubly valuable.
Thes" suggestions I" those wh"
have received automobiles as Christ
mas gifts follow:
Keep the car in a heated CARA &c
Il will preserve the finish. save the
battery. prevent excessive crankCase
dilurion and insure the chassis Of bet
ter lubrica ton.
DO not under any circumstances
race the engine to warm il. Operate
on a fairly rich mixture to insure
quick starting. power when the engine
is cold. and freedom from sailing.
\ rich mixture in Winter often will
result in less carbon than n lean mix
ture, which necessitates excessive use
OF the choker.
THE new ear should not be driven
up steep hills in high gear.
Engine oil should be changed ac-
cor'iins To use. and not according to
custom. Motorists who use the car
only on Saturdays and Sundays, and
then for straight runs. will not need
To cha nge oil more often than every
800 miles. More frequent changing of
oil is recommended for cars that are
pressed into daily service with fire.
quent stops and starts.
Owners should take advantage Of
the reduced motor travel customary
at this time of year to read instruc-
ton books and find out the peculiar
tiles of the cars they have bought.
IF these few simple rules are fol-
lowed. the cars that are Christmas
gifts today will be equally acceptabl
when anOl her YEAR has rolled around "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Three Sources of Carbon.

carbon originates in three differenr
WAYS So much has been sal on tho
subject OF late that car owners ore
tempted IN believe that any one Of The
three is the biggest factor. depending
,arselE upon what sort of advertising
literature has been read
Carbon comes most naturally TO an
automobile engine through the com
pustlon of the fuel The better the
combustion the less residue. ssh or
CARBON, Whatever one chooses to call
II. VIII remain in the engine.
The decomposition and burning Of
iuprlcaung oil that leaks past tho
piston rings into the cylinders is =
second source of carbon.
A third source is the dirt that enters
me engine through the carburetor.
men source of carbon is the most
pronounced depends largely upon con.
ollons. No two cars will carbonize
exactly alike.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
No. 13O-Customs Are Costly.

II don't understand that" Smith
puzzled noting that the radiator was
boiling over. even though the radiator
meter gave no warning. There must
he something wrong.
There is" | answered. It's your
habit Of following motor customs. You
want TO break the habit before il costs
YOU a repair bill. In this case YOU are
making the mistake Of confusing the
radiator temperature with the engine
femperature. Radiator meters are not
tn be used Is engine temperature me
ters
But I have always had pretty good
luck with the custom he argued.
Usually when the radiator meter
STAYS low there is nothing wrong with
the engine.
That's true of any indica tor. I
can tell YOU whether the, oil in Your
engine is circulating just by observing
the oil 1evel indicator. but that is no
reas son why | should not have a pres
sure gauge on the instrument board.
What YOU need is an engine heat in
dicator. something that will show you
how hot the engine is without waiting
10 have the news relayed through the
radiator and its own. meter.
People Often Confused.
Smith had experienced a trouble
common TO most motorists. The ra-
diator. covered by the front. which ne
forgot to open, suddenly heated up be-
cause the engine itself oVerheated
RAPIDLY The whole process was just
a little too rapid for the motormeter
10 record. But the situation served TO
give Smith a tip. for it reminded him
that A radiator meter usually tels
what's happening in the engine after
the trouble has happened-which Is
too late He resolved TO use the radl-
ator meter for its logical purpose
guide to the temperature OF the radla-
tor contents. NOT as a guide to the en-
Einc's temperature.
The radiator meter incident is tYni
al of the way motor cuStom are 90
ing by the board Progressive motor
lists are learning new things about old
mistakes every day. Here is an IN
,eresting one that Smith stumbled
upon the other day:
He had always wondered why he
found it so difficult to shift into high
gear on hill after running in second.
Experience demonstrated that failure
was not due to overheating of the en-
CINE for his power plant ran very cool
in second gear His rule was to give
the engine squirt of gas and then
enieaVXor to make the shift while the
car was running fast in second.
Record Not Exact.
One day he happened 10 be running
along in low gear, and, giving the
engine squirt of gas, noticed that the
speedometer turned to Ia miles an
hour. He was surprised to find the
car running so fast in low with so
little racket When he tried to make
the car repeat the process and con
tinue it for short distance he found
that the sneedoneter had habit of
swinging farther up the. scale than
til. CGr was actually going, quickly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Trains Win 25 Races With Autoists
In Month, With Losers Losing Heavily

Two drivers succeeded in Strikin@
moving locomotives. while eight others
ran into some car of the train.
Data collected by the company re
veals a situation that is not altogether
to the credit of the motorist. One
woman who ran into a train packing
over a crossing was found to have
been reading a letter and attempting
TO drive when the collision occurred.
Another accident, singled out for spe-
clal mention In the report, describes
how truck driver drove through
closed gates to crash into a train in
st. Louis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27

Just a mistire will do It. And then
there are lot of noises that one ONLY
hears now and again, even though
they are always in the engine. It's
Just that the owners become too con
sciouS of the works. They get excited
and are sure their trouble is all ready
to be offered to the repairer. The fact
Of the matter is. if they would just
put the car away for the night and
30 at ii fresh the next mornin' they
would throw their trouble away and
come down here to have their oil
changed or somethin' equally con-
StructiVe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27

that when rubber finally becomes pIeu.
tiful and tire prices come down. tires
will be better and chea per than ever
All because Of greater efficiency and
elimination of waste. Old factories
are being moderniZed. and the new
ones are built and equipped along
lines that would have been incor1-
prehensible to the tire man Of a fe,y
years ago
The shortage Of crude rubber would
have been much sharper this ye-r
than il has been. had not the rlIhba.-
fortires supply been helped from n Nm
expected quarter. We have been ver,-
wasteful of rubber. Special wasrer-
have been the makers of mechanical
rubber goods. They we're using rer.
fectly good crude rubber in their fac.
tories because il had become So rhean
they felt thai they could afford II.
although reclaimed scrap rubber dne-
entirely satisfactory work in most me-
cha nical rubber articles.
Reverted tn scrap.
When the price of new crude IrIl.
Der began To soar. mechanical rubber
goods makers quickly cut down their
use Of crude and returned 10 Scrap.
thus relea sing many thousands Of tons
OF fresh Dlanta ton rubber "a tho
/ harassed tire manufacturers II should
he noted that the price Of reclaimed
/ scrap rubber today. even in large
qua antilles. is nearly 10 cents a pound
more than the price OF new crude
rubber last Winter
SO il will be some time before
mocha meals again interfere with tge
fresh rubber supply Of the tire ami
tube maker
"Th/ is no DENYING that this is
'~-i ing time for the Industry. Ru,
al m n
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27

While there are no statistics avail
able to show how many automobilists
succeeded in beating the train" rec
ords of the st. Louis-San Francisco
Railway Co. for November show that
%, at least, did not. Twelve such
races continued after the crossing
Waterman or signal device already
had awarded the decision to the train
Thirty-nine accidents at crossings
with five subsequent deaths, occurred
during the thirty days of the month.
Sixty persons We're riding in the thirty
nine vehicles figuring in the misha ps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
TRUEING UP WHEELS.
Tires Must Be Adjusted Separate
ly to Get Results.

Many ear owners fail to make head
way when lining up the front wheels
because they fail to true up the wheels
and tires Separa tely. The front wheels
may toe in the proper amount, but the
rims may not run true. thus throwing
the tires out of line. This can be de-
termined by revolving the wheels sep
ara tely and noting how true they turn.
Any variation may be due to the
wheels being too loose on the aXles or
To the rims being screwed to the
wheels unevenly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Tell by the Smell.

mere IS way TO tell whe1 her rhe.
uSen car dealer has doped the gasoline
with ether when giving demons,
ton.
nder preteXt of wishing 70 hear
now the gears sound in reverse. the
prospective purcha ser should back ~,
hrlskly. The exhaust fumes that
would otherwise float of in the wake
OF the car then drift into IT,.
II the gas has been doctored In.
smell will tell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27

Paolo were chosen I" make the pur-
chase.
The complete list Of the donors
shows the names Of Peter de Paolo.
Frank Elliott. Tommy Milton. Red
Shafer. Earl Cooper. Ralph Hepburn.
Bennett Hill. Leon Duray, Jerry Won
derliCh. Fred Conner. Harry Hartz.
Eddie Hearn. Bob McDonogh. Arthur
Klein. Red Cairens. Dave Evans Hdr-
Ian t'eneler. Dave Lewis and Ralph
de Palma. most Of whom are we'll
known locally. having appeared twice
last season on the Laurel speedway.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Do Preliminaries First

IN giving the engine few turns
With the hand crank each morning Is
means of limbering up a stiff motor
ana Milling up the cylinders with gas
spray. II sometimes happens that tho
owner will forget himself and switch
on the ignition before giving the hat
terry lift. This is risky. Careful
owners make il a rule MOI 10 unIocl
the ignition until they have gone
through the pre1iminarjes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Next Week-Telltale Dash Board.
Air Leak Misleading.

II a gasoline gauge operating on the
hydrostatic principle is leaking, the
pointer on the dash will fall back to
empty even when there Is gasoline
in the tank. Hydrostatic gauges work
on the principle of air pressure as
regulated by the pressure of the gaso-
line in the tank. An air leak, there
fore. causes the indicator to register
empty" even though the tank may
be full
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Sun Cracks Rubber.

Rubber that is permitted to lie in
the sunlight for long time shows
checks and lack Of life. The rubber
cracks and oxidizes. and a similar &C.
ton is observable on spare tires II
they are not properly protected. tire
eXpertS declare.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
Sill 900. 900 Otherwise | Sed.

Last year Sll 900 600 paid by car
owners IN the form of gas tax went
for purposes OF her than road upkeep.
In the days of private ownership of
the important highways a great howl
went up whenever the motoring public
imagined that the road owners were
spending the money for other pur,
poses. Today the car owner does not
appear to bother to raise a dissenting
voice when legislators suggest impos-
ing another cent a gallon
More than $50 .000, 900 in taxes was
paid by car owners at the filing sta
lions in the first six months Of his
year. How much of this will get .ack
to the highways is question.
An interesting feature Of n nav
version of the toll road system i; thai
the filling stations and garages are
serving as the tollkeeperS They not
only serve in this capacity without re-
Enumeration. but actually pay the
State in which they operate icenS.
tax for doing business.
When the motoriSt realizes that he
| is being taxed so much a mile for
using The highways rather than 50
much per gallon Of fuel he probably
will awaken TO the need for sosae
cfearer thinking on the subject or the
gas tax and some more definite action
if, as the facts would seem TO indicate.
action is needed
The toll road system is back again.
modernized and complicated 70 a point
where reciprocity between States is
nullified automatically. Is it an adj
vantage or disadvantage? Is it sue
cess for an individual state but a
fiasco for a Nation?
Copyright. 1a"5.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
The time is here for the m0t0rist
to put on his best Winter front.
One Affects the Other.

Balloon tires. in spashinc more
water. have neceSsitated some impor-
tant changes in spring control devices.
Motorists who are having trouble with
their original spring controls should
have the rust removed and the new
protective features added
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
LET THE OIL SOFTEN:
Humming Will Be Evident AS En-
CINE First Starts.

Slne First Starts.
Transmission gears will hum if the
lubrica ton is not what il should he
Before the motoriSt has had a lighter
grade of lubricant put into the gear
Sc to replace the hea vier grade used
in warm weather he will he annoyed
by a humming sound before the car
gets warmed up. This noise is more
pronounced the faster the gears move
II is noticeable in second gear par
ticularly. II is also warning TO go
easy until the lubricant SoftenS En-
gineers have discovered that the
amount and grade of lubricant in a
gear case have much to do with the
tone or pitch of the gears
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-27
John Smith and His Car
BY FREDERICK e. RUSSELL

John Smith character whom
SELFISH rather he
exploited of
NOR memb OF the moorc clam