The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-08-12

! Continued from Yesterdays Daily Worker
sYNoPsIs-The
which seray Saturday
subject Union
agriculture described the official The
and told
The New Economic Policy relation agriculture explained The
Industries increasing production
relation Union
en countries The regulation of trade financing foreign bank credits
statistics
dealt with The instamnt
that harm being done Britain by the absence full diplomatic relations
idea of revoutionaries and one to which the
Revolution has subsequently returned
establish unified system Peoples Courts"
rect democratic election (Artce D. But 1t was recognized
that such courts incapable of conducting the class
and accordingly they very soon supplemented by Revo
ulonary tribunals with the special function of combating
counterrevOluon, conraband composed of President
and six nominated by the Provincial Councils rice
81 Thus there was created double system of COURTS and
class sabotage conspiraces
campaigns developed the Peoples Courts altogether put
into the background by the proeran Revolutionary Tribunals
The 30 Revolutionary Tribunals example, early 91S
fcant of conditions the policy expressed
November 21s 1915 which proposed replace the demo
District Ouny Courts of the Tsarst regime which
class character given by appointing members
through the local Councils This third what
was to have been unified udicature But this, the most
unsatisfactory position reached the of the Revolution
lasted only few months decree of January 18TH 1919
based on resolutions of the and H. Congress of Councils
restored the authority of the
Peoples Courts subjecng their independence however
the supervision Council Peoples composed
principally of Communists while in other respects also the in
dependence removabily and Partially of the members
the Court seriously impaired For example the principle
of direct democratic election suspended
nomination through the local Councils Perhaps
feature of the system at this period its decentralization
the only Central Court of Cessation the
Council and there general right appeal
the Provincial Courts of Second Instance again.
suited local occasionally using the local Courts
instruments of class warfare in the Central Government
would have prevented had had the judicial machinery
doing so.
Revolutionary Developments
Meantime during the first period of
campaigns Koltchak Yudench Denkin-the Revolutionary
Tribunals continued their political function even
replaced to large extent by the notorious Extraordinary Com
mission Tcheka Both the Tribunals Tchea had at
this time powers summary execution Their
with shortly in later section are responsible for The false i'm
had active action ended
assumed peraneny than the power of capital punishment
taken away both from the Tcheka and the Tribunals by
decree of January 1h 1920 The interval did however
last long and the last and worst counterrevouonary crisis
the combined Ukraine by the
Poles Wrange This the restoration of full powers
of punishment to the Revolutionary Tribunals though not to
the Tcheka, which only of inteTment
years Besides the Tcheka there other special compe
fences working with the Revolutionary Tribunals such the
Special Divisions (Osobenny Otdye Military Tribunals
the Railway Tribunals Most Of the criminal jurisdiction
indeed taken over ground another Estate of SIEGE
etc. by special tribunals during this period Thus
Railway Tribunals under decree of November 20h 1919
March 18TH 1920 took all oenses their like connected with
committed the railways The Tribunals Tcheka
invested under decree of October 2 1919 with of the
summary procedure took the most important oenses agansn
order Moreover capital by local tribunals
be confirmed by the Central Tribunal Tcheka Fur
ther in the course Of 1921 the Revolutionary Tribunals extend
operations beyond the criminal enforcing
the campaigns of War Communism for the requon of fuel
and foodstufs
fiction of little Importance and purely local interest
became obvious that under continued war pressure Justice
original. intention of the leaders of the Revolution.
,storation to Peace Conditions
first attempt restore the udicature a
nreme Court in the Central Executive Committee and roe
he 0f tha md Trfh,t