Evening star., 1925-08-03

Il change of methods. more pig iron
could be made with the remaining
stacks than had been the average
prior 10 the shut down of the two.
IN snort, as the thrashing machine
superseded the fail and the sewing
machine the hand needle. so the au-
tomato machines operated by skilled
men take the place of common Ia
Dor in all industries of America.
Cneducated, unskilled labor finds it
self out of employment in America
and IS forced either to deveIon sl,iIl
or return to where real efficiency is
less appreciated.
x x X
American managers of industries
operate with more certain knowledge
OF cost accounting than do their
rivals in Europe, according to the
experience of Statistician Stewart
Mr.. Stewart cites the case of a
bottle manufacturer of whom he
asked what was the normal days
work in producing a one-ounce bottle
The answer was given instantly. and
when 1T was tested by a survey of
l03 Other factories, it was found re-
markably exact. He has been I'M
able to gather any facts in regard to
the output of labor in any European
country.
1t is known that in great shoe fac
tories of the United States the daily
output per man is more than 10 times
that of any factory in England: that
an American bricklayer lays more
than three times as many bricks in
day as an English bricklayer; and
that coal miner in America pro-
duces from 3 to 10 tons per day, while
the average in England is from 700
to 1925 pounds per day, per man. In
Jugoslavia the average is less than
half ton per man per day. In the
famous Saar Basin 0he greatest coal
region IN Germany, which the French
took over for security, the average
output of coal per man in a month
varies from 20 to % tons-about 700
pounds per day. Throughout France
the average is no better but ranges
from 13 to IA tons per month per
mantle equivalent to the work of
day and half of one real American
miner. japanese miners used to aver
age OBS tons per day, but now pro-
ouce only "a tons. Polish miners
have been stimulated by government
control and better wages, so that they
now average for the year 0.5S tons
per day; during July they ran up to
065 tons.
Compare the world average with
that of American miners-from 8 to
10 tons per day,
Nevertheless, as pointed out by Mr..
Stewart, American industry still toll
crates methods and nlanagement
which are wasteful and extravagant.
Standardization of production would
multiply our output in many lines In
Chicago a machine produces 40 900
bricks per hour. In another plant it
takes 1872 hours labor to produce
1000 bricks; in another, 39 hours.
One factory used to haul its product
by truck across a marsh to the boat
Now 1t has conveyor and spiral
chute on the boat. Four men now
do the work in short days, which for
merly required 100 men on a 12-hour-
day basis. The same device is rec
commended for every dock and every
factory in America
Farming is manufacturing Why is
1t that one farmer in the South can
cultivate only 8 or 10 acres, and in
Illinois Asa acres, and in Iowa SIS
acres? Georgia has piled up thou
sands of plows and abandoned them,
because of shortage of negro farm
hands, but it is found that the make
of plow which now rouses the wrath
of Georgia planters Is what was
abandoned in Illinois So years ago.
If all sawmills were standardized
upon the basis of the best, As 900 men
could do the work now being accom-
plished by 100000 men, and the re-
leased 1000 men might engage in
other forms of production.
If all cotton mills Of Alabama"