davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
YOUNGSTOWN SCENT ISTvLN KI-
RALYRoL ELNEvEZETT ROM. Is COR.
KArH. rEMPLoM Es BETEasEGELYz0
EaYLET
Alapittatott 1904 auguszsus as-sn

Alapittatott 1904 augusztns 2S-sn
Eln6k: Kaluczky Janos, 1349 Republic Ave.,
telefon 74320, aleln0k: Kiss Andrasns,
Jegyz6 Mixich GAsp&r, P. o. Box
I'll, Youngstown, Ohio (kihez minden a.
egyletet erdekl6 level kiildend6), psnztarnok
Gregosits J6zsef, penzigyi titkar: Macy J6-
zsef, beteglatogato: Kauczky Janos, bizott-
sag tagok: Habodasz Gusztav Turner Jo-
zsef, Balasko Gyorgy Is Bodzas Janos; trus-
teek: Kaluczky Janos, Benish Andres es Juris
ia Istvan, nagybzottsagi tagok: Habodasz
Gusztav, Borsodi Janos. Macy J6zsef es Ho-
molya Istvan. A gyermek osztaly ugykezel6i: !:
Benish Margit es Hornyak Mariska.
Hivatalos orvos: Dr. Mahrer Marion, Erie
alomas epulet. Rendel6 orak: SO, Sd 6s
6-8.
Az egylet hav Is cent befizetese elleneben
fizet $4,000 haaleseti es $500 heti be.
tegsegelyt.
Gyiiltseit tartja minden h6 els6 vasar-
napian a Kossuth K0zmuvel6desi Egyesulet
termeben, 124 E. Federal st. delutan oral
kezdettel
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
YOUNGSTOWN MAGYAR BETEGsEGELY
20 EGYLET

Elnok: Geressy Sandor aleln0k: Kuni ia
nos, titkar: Molnar Istvan Gil Salt Spring
Road), kihez az egyetet erdeklo levelek
kuldend6k, penztarnok: Menyhert Imre,
penztari ellen6r: Szaday Benjamin be
teglatogatok: Steetonon: More Janosne es
Brogi Janos, Brier Hillen: Belenszky Janos
East Youngstownban: Kiraly Istvann5
harmas szamvizsgalo bizottsag: Mocsey
Andras Seb6k Gabor, Balogh Janos, zaszlo
vv6k: Ricz Janos es Dank6 Istvan.
Gyileseit tartja minden honap els6 va
sarnapian a ref. templom basement ieben, del
utan oral kezdettel.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
MRE HERcEG BETEGsEaELYz6 EGYLE1
Six sZAMU YOUNGSTOWN rIoKJA.
Alapittatott 1918 iulius 5-en

Elnok: Bodollay Istvan, aleln0k: Sulcz
Sandor, penztarnok: Grosz Istvan jegyz6:
Csontos Janos, Ieveez6 titkar, Hauzer Fiji
Top (877 Rose ST., kihez az egyletet erdek-
l6 levelek kiildend6k, f6ellen6r: Gy6ry Mi
tok Janos haromtagu szamvizsgal6 bizottsag:
tok Janos, haromtagu szavizsgalo bizottsag:
Tacsik Gyorgy, Olajos Andras es .Csubak
Istvan, beteglatogatok: Steeltonoh; Bafasko
Andrasn6, Brier Hillen: Siroky aMihaly, East
Youngstownban: Gy6ry Mihaly, ajto6r: Fedor
Janos &
Az egylet 1000 dollar halaleseti. IS dol
lar temetesi es heti 8 dollar betegsegelyt
fizet. A ha2i dij rs cent
Gyiileseit tartia minden h6 els5 q, vasar-
napjan d. H. 2 6rakor Knssutlr kor kfs.
term6ben 124 E. Federal st.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
A vERHovAY sEGELYEGYLET' 1oS-I1
rIoKJA, YoUNGSTowN, o.
Alakult 1908 okt6ber 1o-en.

Eln0k: Turner Jozsef, aen0k: Kaluczky
Janos. titkar: Gregosits Josef, Ali Kyle
ST., City. telefon 620ss, (kihez mnden az egy
letet erdekl6 level kiildend6), penztarnok ::
Menyhert Janos Ala E.-MariOn Ave, elen6r ::
Borsodi Janos, 3-as tagu bizottsag Rigo Mi,
haly, Geressy Sander, Schwartz Ferenc, be-
teglatogatokat titkar, - XII egyben beteg-
latogato eilen6r nevez XII minden esetben
tagok koziil
Hivatalos orvos: DR.. Fuzy PAL 403 Home
Savings Bank Building
Gyiieseit tartja minden h6 masodik va
sarnapjan delutan 6rakor Mahoning
avenuei magyar reformatus templom alatti
gyiilesteremben.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04

szerzese celjabol. A vizum nelkiil
erkez6 egyenek Nemetorszagban
kiteszik magukat annak, hogy XII.
utasitjak 6ket. Akik Jugoszlaviat
latogatjak meg, azok beutazasra
es kiutazasra ervenyes vizumot
kerjenek.
Nemely amerikai orszag mem
koveteli meg az Egyesiilt Allamok
polgaratol, hogy utlevele legyen.
Eek k0ze tartoznak Bahamas,
Bermuda, Canada es Cuba. AZ
Egyesult Allamokbol valo kozvet-
len utazas eseten mem szIkseges
utlevel Mexicoba, azonban ha egy
harmadik orszag erintesevel uta-
xix valamely amerikai allampol-
gar Mexicoba, akkor megk0vete-
lik az utlevelet. Ez fontos azok
szamara, akik Cuban keresztJil
mennek Mexicoba. Szuletett anne
rikai, ha utlevel nelkiil hagyja el
az Egyesult Allamokat, vigyen
ma'gaval sziiletesi bizonyitvanyt,
mig ellenben honositott amerl-
kai polgar vigye magaval utleve-
let. Gyakran sziikseg van ere a
bizonyitekra ahhoz, hogy az ille-
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
APR0 HIRDETfSEK
RLAD6 HkZ.

Mas iizlet Matt egy kitiin6 epitme-
nyii 5-szobas, furdoszobas haz alkal-
pi aron, nagyon olcs6n elad6. Hideg-
meleg viz, pince egesz haz alatt. Penzt
takarit meg az, aki ezt hazat meg
veszi. Gin: 1913 Silliman St., Youngs-
town, o. (23,24)
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
vERHovAY sEGELY EGYLET s21-rK FL
OKLA, EAST YoUNGsTowN, OHIO.
Alakult 1919. szeptember hawaiian.

Elnok: Maioros Istvan Alelnok: Csik6s
Janos. TitkAr-jegyz6 Sagi Ignac (29 Black
burn St., E,-Youngstown). Penztarnok: Cseh
Mihaly. Penztari ellen6r MARGIN Andras. Ee-
teglatogato Szatmari Karoly. Harmas bizott-
sag: Horvath Rafell, Tis6cki Janos, Ricxu
Janos. Ajt66r: Kocsis Mihaly.
Gyuleseif tartia minden h6 els6 vasarnap-.
jen delutan 2 6rakor, az Italian Hallhan.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
KET TEHEN ELAD0.

Ket kitunGcr tejel6 tehen Ella
do. Az egyikne'1 ket bornya van,
a masiknak haeom h6nap mulva
varhat6 a born u. Alkalmi vetel.
Cim: Johann Epler, Stop 16, Sha-
ron Line, West Ave.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
4 YOUNGSTOWN rs K0RNYEKI MA
GYAR EGYLETEK lis EaYHkzAK Az
IANDo NAGYBIZoTTSACA.

A nagybizottsag gyIleseit esetr6l-esetre .
tisztikar hivjs egybe.
Aleln0k: Debroczky Andras,- titkar: Re-
vesz Kalman (P. o. b. 41D,- penztArnuk:
Macy josef, ellen6r6k: Darazs Frigyes es
Kaluczky Janos.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
AMERIKAI POLGAROK
UTLEVELEI (VISAS) !.

A legt0bb orszagban megk0ve-
telik vizumot. Amerikai polga-l
rok miel6tt felkeresnek az ilyen
orszagokat, k0telesek ezeknek az
orszagoknak konzuljaihoz fordui-
nj es utleveleiket alairatni vagyis
vizumoztatni. Az 0sszeg, melyet
az egyes orszagok kormanyai a
vizumert szamitanak, valtozo;
azonban 1925 marciusanak elejen
a k0vetkezG vizum-dijakat szami-
tottak: A nemet kormany nemre-
giben leszallitotta a vizum-dijat |
SO centre olyan vizumert, mely- |
lyel az utas Nemetorszagon at
utazhat 6s SGT szamit olyan vizum
ert, amellyel hat honapig lehet
Nemetorszagban tart6zkodni. Lit
vania SLIT szamit es ,kovetkezo
orszagok szamitanak SLOT: Finn
orszag, Magyarorszag, Czecho-
slovakia, Lengyelorszag, Olaszor-
sag es Jugoszlavia. A 6S-ik Kon-
gresszus Washingtonban, maso-
dix iilesszakanak vege fele egy
t0rvenyjavaslatot fogadott Ell, me-
lyet Mr.. Fish nyujtott be es ez a
toryenyjavaslat felhatalmazza az
Egyesiilt Allamokat, illetve az ell
nok0t ARA, hogy a vizum dijat
leszallitsa tvagy teljesen eltor0lje
azokkal a mem bevandorlokkal
szemben, akik iolyan orszagok
alattval6i vagy polgarai, mely. or
szagok hasonlo kedvezmenyben
reszesitik az emlitett orszagbeli
amerikai polgarokat, ha azok az
illet6 orszagokat meglatogatjak.
AIT remelik, hogy a Nemetorszag
Is az Egyesjilt Allamok altal kez-
.demenyezett jelenlegi magas vi
zumdijakat leszallito mozgalom re
videsen kiterjed tobbi orszagok
ra is es' ha ez bek 0vetkezik, akkol
az Europat meglatogatni 6hajtd
amerikai polgarok mem lesznek
ktnytelenek jovoben penziiknel;
egy tekintelyes reszet elk0lten
azert a kivaltsagert, hogy egy
kiilf0ldi orszagba beutazhassanak
Nemely esetben vizumert TO
lyamodo kenytelen szemelyesel
megjelemi annak kiilfoldi Or
szagnak konzuli vagy diplomaci
al megbizottja el6tt, mely orsza
got meglatogatni kivanja. Ma
esetekben vizumot posta utjal
is meg lehet szerezni. Nemely or
szag nagyon szigoru vizun
igyekben. Icy Franciaorszae
azonnal deportalja azokat, akiE
elozetes megszerzett vizum nelkli
erkeznek. Ha egy amerikai polgal
vizum nelkiil erkezik meg Nemet
orszagba, azonnal folyamodnl;
kell a rendorseghez vizum meg
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04

DEBROSZKY ANDRAS
Youngstown lesrdgibb magyar 6pit6
vallalkoz6ja. MindenfAle 6pitAst bizto.
stick Is a legJobb feltetelek mellett
elvallal. Ha epiteni akar, ajanlatos,
hogy bizalommal forduljon Debroszky
Andrashoz, aki spitkezeshez ingyen ad
tanacsot, rajzot es k0lts6gvetest. Gin:
Andrew Debroszky, 1860 Wilson Ave.,
Youngstown. Ohio. Telefon: Automatic
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
oHAZAI FEsT0


Farmak Farmak! Farmak!
Miel6tt vasarolna farmat, f0ldet, ha-
zat vagy ingatlant, tekintet nelkul ar
ra fekvesre, keressen fel bennunket.
o. e. TAYLOR,
412 Home Savings and Loan Bldg.
Iroda: 64227 Telefonok Lakas: 34314
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
Mulatsagok naptara
JUNIUs 8, HETF0

JUNIUS s, HETF0
A Kath. Ifjusagi K0r nagy-
szabasu Punkosdi Balja
Kor sajat helyisegben.
JUN1Us 13, szoMBAT
A Bridgeport Szovetseg war
reni fiokjanak elso Mulatsa-
ga Warrenben, Roman Hall
ban.
JUNIUs IA, VASARNAP
A Kossuth K0r ezidei els0
nagyszabasu Piknikje. Sport,
tame egyeb szorakozas.
JUNIUs IA, VAsARNAP
A Nantoni Iparos Egylet
nagyszabasu Piknikje, Can
too, O.-ban.
JUNIUs IA, vASARNAP
A Sharon, Farrell S Sharps-
ville-i Magyar Tarsas K0r
nagyszabasu Piknikje.
JUNIUs 81, sZoMBAT
A reformatus egyhaz Piknik-
je az Ohio Works Play Gro
undjan.
JUNIUs %, vASARNAP
4 Munkas Bs. Szovetseg 81 J.
tx, sharoni osztalyanak nagy-
szabasu Piknik-je a Fabian
fele farman.
JULIUS 4, sZOMBAT
A SIT. Istvan egyhaz es Egy-
let nagyszabasu Piknikje a
Campbell Parkban.
JULIUS 4, sZOMBAT
: A farrelli reformatus egyhaz
nagyszabasu Piknikje.
JULIUS 4, szoMBAT
/. A SIT. Gyorgy egyhaz nagy-
4 szabasu Pilnikje az Ohio
Works Play Grouadjan.
szEPT 2s, sEoMRAT'
Z Beregi : Oszkar Is tarsulata-
] max venddgjabeka Farrellben.
oKT6BER IL, HETF0
Beregi, Oszkar Is tarsulatanak
vendegfellepte Youngstown
ban, . Moose Hallban.
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04

Ha hazat, vagy telket venni, vagy el-
adni akar minden tekintetben j6 ki-
szolg&1asra sz&mit, j6jj0n hozzam
JOS. p. SABEL,
303 Mahoning Bank Youngstown, o.
Telefon: Iroda 1921 Lakas 62556
-OssZEsFAJTA BIZTOSITASOK
Beszelek magyarul -
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04
SZuL0FOLDEM.

SZULOFOLDEM.
Il.ta: Kosztolanyi Dezso.
Legy aldott regi hely,
Legy aldott regi haz,
Legy aldott regi tel,
LAgy aldott regi Taz.
Legy aldott regi zaj,
Legy aldott regi csend,
Nelly mint egy messzi jaj,
Almomba visszacseng.
Legy aldott regi h5,
Legy aldott regi h0,
Te szivemet nyit6,
Te lelken1 epito.
Legy aldott regi Dor,
Legy aldott regi seb,
A lazas es bibor,
Csoknal is edesebb.
Legy aTdott regi liant,
vi buza, regi If:
Kigyul6 regi hant,
Kinyilo egi sir.
MEM LEHET VELE
BESZELNI.
= Adjon nekem egy tanacsot
Milyen m6don lehetne magat6
kolcsont kerni?
A legjobb mod, ha levelbel
irja meg, es amikor megkapja
valaszt, akkor osszetepi, anelkiil
hogy elolvasna.
A KIs sZERENY.
- Erna AIT mondta tegnap
hogy meg "a legszebb es legoko
sabb emberhez Sc menne felese
gill. Mintha bizony en- noiil akar
nam venni L..
Amerikai Magyar hirlap = American Magyar journal. [volume] (Youngstown, Ohio) 1911-1942, 1925-06-04

A fenti ksreszt-sz6- rejtv6ny megfej-
teset lapunk kovetkez6 szamaban ko-
|zolJak. I
Evening star., 1925-03-13
Origin of Curfew Bell.

Many reasons have been assigned
for the establishment of the couvre-
feu or curfew-bell in England by
William the Conqueror, 'but a few
words will show that 1t was a meas
ure of sound policy. The houses were
mostly Of wood; the people were far
from being contented with the Nor
man rule, and were afraid Of visions
and supernatural appearances. BY
causing all fire and candles to be
eXtinguished on the ringing of a
bell at o'clock, under pain Of heavy
penalties, the Conqueror gained these
ends: He secured safety against fire,
in an age when insurance societies
were not thought of; he caused his
subjects to retire early to rest; the
darkness added to their terror of
ghosts and thus prevented their
going abroad to hold midnight meet
ings for the purpose of fomenting e
civil discord and dangerous conspira-
cies. Thus this curfew-bell was a
measure both of domestic and politi-
cal security.
Evening star., 1925-03-13
REAL ESTATE BOARD
HITS WAGE RAISE
Backs Builders in Protest
Against Further Increase
in Pay of Workers.

Following the action of the Oper-
ative Builders Association of the Dis
trlct in combining recently to prevent
any further increases in the building
trade wages here, the Washington
Real Estate Board, at meeting last
night, complimented the action Of the
association and adopted a resolution
expressing its determination to assist
in the move.
The Washington Real Estate Board
in arriving at this decision stated
that there are now demands for in
creases on the part of the painters,
paperhangers. plumbers, stonecutters
and stonemasons here that 1T consid-
ers neither sound nor justified.
Would Increase Rents, Is Charge.
The board also pointed out that if
such demands were granted there
would result an increase in rents and
In the price of homes to which they
are now absolutely opposed" The
Operative Builders intend to prevent
these pending increases and other in
creases that may come forth at this
time by refusing to pay increases and
by eliminating all contracts with sub
contractors who grant these increases
and by refusing loans or loan re-
newals to all those who give higher
wages to any OF their employees in the
various building trades.
Extract From Resolution.
The resolution. in part, adopted by
the Washington Real Estate Board
reads as follows:
The Washington Real Estate Board
goes on record as being unalterably
Evening star., 1925-03-13
HISTORY OF RUBY STONE TRACED
FROM PLACE OF ORIGIN in BURMA
Main Supply of Gem Derired From Small Area
Northeast of Mandalay-Ranges in Color
From, Delicate Pink to Pure Red.

They brought me rubies from the mine,
and held them to the sun:
l said. They are drops OF frozen wine
From Eden's watts that run
I 1ook'd sgain-I thought them hearts
or friends. to friends unknown
Tides that should warm each neighboring
Are locked in sparkling stone.
The ruby derived it's name from the
Latin, ruber-red. Chemically the
ruby and the sapphire are the same.
The ruby, therefore, is a red sapphire
and the sapphire a blue ruby. The
natives of India indiscriminately ap-
ply the name ruby" to all colored
precious stones and it is the habit
of American dealers in precious
stones to be almost as general in
calling various red gems rubies, al
though they do distinguish by calling
the corundum ruby "Oriental ruby"
Rubies range in color from delicate
pink to a pure red, carmine red or
blood red. A tinge Of blue or violet
is frequently discernible in these
shades. The desired tone in ruby
color was SO aptly compared by the
Burmese to the blood of a freshly
killed pigeon that the term pigeon
blood is the accepted qualification
for the color of the choicest and
costliest ruby gems. The ruby does
not lose it's color when heated, and
hence 1t is assumed that the colorin &
matter is not organic as in that case
1t would be destroyed, but is prob
ably due to trace of chromium. A
graduated increase of heat will not
fracture the stone, which upon cool
ing becomes white, then green and
finally regains its original red color.
Main supply in Upper Burma.
From the beginning of it's history
the main supply of the ruby gem has
been from small territory in upper
Burma, whence also have come those
of the finest quality. The center of
this mining region and the ruby
trade is the town of Mogok, 80 miles
northeast of Mandalay. The rubies
are here found in a white dolomitic
limestone or marble of the upper Car
boniferous age. The rocks have been
altered by contact with molten
igneous material, which recrystallized
the calcium carbonate as pure calcite
while a subsequent concentration OF
the aluminium formed the ruby.
When Burma became a part of the
British empire the work was taker
up by an English company which
paid the Indian government for this
concession of mining rights the
equivalent of about S125,000 annually
Siam has long produced corundum
rubies, but the gems are usually
darker and inferior to the beautiful
clear red stones from Burma. A few
rubies have come from the sands
of Ceylon, Mysore and Madras, At
ghanistan and Australia. Rubies
have been found in North Carolina
and Montana, but the products are
not of commercial Importance.
Scale of Hardness.
In the scale of hardness the ruby
stands at 8, and will therefore scratch
Evening star., 1925-03-13
HELLMUTH GIVEN
FULL EXONERAT|ON
Policeman Was Accused of
Negiecting Duty at Raid on
.s. the Better '0Ie.

Policeman CT. l. Hellmuth of the
eighth precinct was exonerated of
the charge of neglect OF duty in fall
ing to take action at the Better ole,
1915 U street, on the night of Febru-
ary Z, when it was raided. The police
trial board yesterday granted the mo-
tion of Attorney Michael Mangum for
the defense to dismiss the case. the
officer was reinstated.
1t was held that the prosecution
did not show that Hellmuth had
knowledge of wrong doing at the
club, and consequently he was held
innocent of failure to act.
Two different pictures of scenes at
the Better ole at the time of and
just preceding the raid were given by
prosecution and defense witnesses.
PoIicewomen Testify.
Mrs. Nina c. Van Wrinkle and
poliCewomen, on the one hand. testl-
fed that there was much liquor in
evidence, and that the odor of alcohol
was distinctly noticeable on several
patrons. Mrs. Van Wrinkle, in fact,
told the trial board that "a great
many drunken people were in the
half on the night of the Better
ole raid, liquor was on tables" and
some girls staggered so they could
hardly stand up" were charges.
The other picture was principally
sketched by Alvin H. Newmyer, at
torney, and Milton Kronheim, local
bondsman. Newmyer said that he
went to the club as the guest of Mr..
Kelly" that he did not see any in
toxicants, disorderly conduct nor any
one acting in any but a normal con-
dition. He said he did not see the ar
rests.
Kronheim, who declared he had an
opportunity to observe conditions,
testified that he also saw no fights or
disorder and nothing that might not
have occurred at any public place of
the kind. Under cross examination
Kronheim admitted he was in the
kitchen during the raid.
Policewomen who were at the place
before the raid said there was much
noise, laughing and giggling. Each
said she noticed one or more persons
with alcohol noticeable on their
breaths.
Evening star., 1925-03-13
HAMMOND TO HEAD
BUREAU Of MILITIA
Oregon National Guard Col
oneI to Get Major Generals
Rank for Four Years.

Col. Creed c. Hammond Qnfantry
Reserve), Oregon National Guard, will
be appointed chief of the Militia Bu-
reau of the War Department, with the
rank, pay and allowances of a major
general in the Army, for a term Of
four years from June 90, 1925.
He will succeed Maj. Gen. George
C. Richards, Pennsylvania National
Guard, the incumbent whose term ex-
pires on the date named.
Col. Hammond was born at Eu-
gene. Greg, October 9, 1874. He en-
listed in Company c, I'd Oregon In
fantry, April s, 1892, and has served
either in the National Guard or in
the regular and volunteer forces
practically continuously since that
time He participated in the war
with Spain and in the Philippine in
surrection. He was commi ssioned as
second lieutenant in the 4th Oregon
Infantry March 19. 1901, and served
in the Infantry and Coast Artillery
through all grades up to colonel,
which he reached September 1, 1916.
He was in active service from July
25. 1917, to April 19, 1919, and has
been on active duty since August l.
1920. Since October IS. 1922, he has
been on duty in the Militia Bureau.
Evening star., 1925-03-13

every mineral except the diamond,
and is extremely durable. Although
nothing Will definitely indicate the
value OF very fine ruby in the open
market, it is by far the most valuable
gemstone and will bring price three
times that of the finest of diamonds OF
the same weight.
In recent years rubies have been
produced synthetically in large guam
titles. The synthetic stone is chem
ically the same as the real stone, but
has been manufactured by man-that
is, the proper proportions of the dif-
ferent compounds naturally belonging
to the stone are fused into the desired
mass A strictly artificial stone, on
the other hand, is made to have the
appearance of the real stone without
regard to the chemical properties
present Silica properly colored Is
most often used in the manufacture
of artificial stones. Many or these
synthetic, or reconstructed stones as
they are enormously called, possess
superior color, and when small are
sometimes difficult to differenuate
from the natural stone. The prin-
cipal distinguishing characteristic
between the synthetic stone ana tne
genuine stone, however, Is the pres
ence of large numbers OF spneIlMca M
bubbles. sometimes containing strlnsy
nortions showing how the bubbles
had moved.
could be made from the ruos
held unreservedly by the anclehts
and has received more or less laVor
from the modern world
tIo that has once the flower of the sunne
The perfect ruby which we call elixir
~ Ben Jonson.
Power Ascribed by Greeks anu
Romans.
The Greeks and Romans ascrlpeo
to the ruby the power of giving hght
in the dark, and the Hindoos oe-
scribe the abodes OF their goos as
thus lighted. The ruby was mucn
worn as an amulet, being supposed
to protect the wearer against plague,
poison and evil spirits. 1t was also
thought that it would turn dark If its
owner were in danger and would not
regain its color until the peril was
over.
The glowing hue OF the ruby sug-
rested the idea that an tnextinguish-
able fame burned in this stone. From
this fancy came the assertion tnat
the inner fire could not be hidden, as
1t would shine through the clothing
or through any material that might
be wrapped drouIu lHe otoiie' - SS'
into the water the ruby communl-
Gated it's heat to the liquid, causing
IT to boil. The dark and the star
rubies were called male" stones, the
Others, more especially, however
those of lighter hue, being consid-
Fered as female" stones. All varieties
served to preserve the bodily and
mental health of the wearer, for they
removed evil thoughts, controlled
| amorous desires, dissipated pestilen-
| rial vapors and reconciled disputes.