davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
Court Of International Justice

Pending before the Senate for
nearly three years is the proposal
to adhere to the protocol establish
ing the Permanent Court OF Inter
national Justice. A well-estab-
lished line Of presidents mark
Americas effort to effect the es-
adjustment Of a court Of this ma
ture. We took a. leading part in
laying the foundation on which 1T
rests IN the establishment or The
Hague Court of Arbitration. 1t
is that tribunal which dominates
the judges who are elected by the
COUNCIL and Assembly or the
League Of Nations.
The proposal submitted to the
Senate was made dependent upon
four conditions. the first of which
Is that bv supporting the court we
do not assume any obligations I'M
der the league; second, that we
NAV participate upon an equality
with other States in the election
OF Judges: third. that the Congress
shall determine what part OF the
expenses we shall bear; fourth.
that the statute creating the court
shall not be amended without our
consent: and to these I have pro-
posed an additional condition to
the effect that we are not to be
bound bv advisory opinions rem
dered without our consent.
The court appears to be indie
pendent Of the league. 1t is true
the judges are elected by the
Assembly and Council. but they are
dominated by the Court Of Arbitra-
ton. which we assisted to create
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08

ornaments. This work was sue.
cessfully begun at the Washing.
ton Conference. Nothing was done
at that time concerning land
forces because OF European OBJ
lection. Our standing army has
been reduced to around $4,000,
about the necessary police force
for 115, O00, 900, people. We are
not proposing to increase it, nor
is 1t supposable that any foreign
country looks with the slightest
misrepresentation upon our land
forces. They do not menace any.
body. They are rather q protec-
ton to everybody.
The question OF disarming upon
land is so peculiarly European
in its practical aspects that our
country would look with par.
ticular gratitude upon any action
which those countries might take
to reduce their own military
forces. This is in accordance
with our policy Of not interven-
ing unless the European powers
are unable to agree and make re-
quest for our assistance. When
ever they are able to agree Of
their own accord 1t Is especially
gratifying to US, and such agree
ments may be sure or our SYM
pathetic support.
1t seems clear that 1t Is the
reduction Of armies rather than
of navies that is Of the first
importance to the world at the
present time. We shall look
with great satisfaction upon that
effort and give it our approba-
ton and encouragement. If that
can be settled, we may more
easily consider further reduction
and limitation OF naval arma-
ments. For that purpose our
country has constantly through
its Executive, and through re-
peated acts of Congress-, indicated
it's willingness to call such a con-
ference. Under congressional
sanction it would seem to be wise
to participate in any conference
of the great powers for naVa!
limitation of armament proposed
upon such conditions that it
would hold a fair promise OF
being effective. The general
policy of our country Is for dis
armament, and it ought not to
hesitate to adopt any practical
plan that might reasonably be ex-
pected to succeed. But 1t would
not care to attend a conference
which from its location or con-
stituency would in all probability
prove futile.
International Conference
In the further pursuit or
strengthening the bonds of peace
and good will We have Joined
with other nations in an inter-
national conference held at
Geneva and signed an agreement
which will be laid Before the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08

Senate for ratification providing
suitable measures for control and
for publicity in international
trade in arms, ammunition, and
implements Of war, and valso
executed q protocol providing for
a prohibition Of the use Of poison
gas In war, in accordance with
the principles OF Article S OF the
treaty relating thereto signed at
the Washington Conference. We
are supporting the Pan American
efforts that are being made to-
ward the codificatEOn Of interna-
tional law, and booking with
sympathy on the Investigations
being conducted undef philan-
) thropic auspices of the proposal to
make agreements outlawing war.
In accordance with promises made
at the Washington Conference.
we have urged the calling OF and
are now represented at the
Chinese Customs Conference. and
on the Commission. on Extrater-
ritoriality, where it will be our
policy so far as possible to meet
the aspirations of China in all
ways consistent with the interests
Of the countries involved.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
Copernment Economy

If Il a fundamental prlnclpte
If our country that the people
are sovereign. While they reeog-
nize the undeniable authority gu
the state, they have established
as its instrument q Government
Of limited powers. They hold IN
violate in their own hands the
Jurisdiction over their own free
dom and the ownership Of their
own property. Neither Of these
can be impaired except by due
process Of law. The wealth OF
our country is not public wealth.,
but private wealth. 1t does not
belong to the Government, II De-
longs to the people. The Gov
eminent has no jurisdiction IN
taking private property except Iof
public purpose. 1t Is aiWaye
necessary to keep these prlncl.
pies in mind in the laying OF
taxes and in the making OF ap-
propriations. No right exists TO
levy on a dollar, or to order the
expenditure OF dollar, Of the
money of the people, except for
q necessary public purpose du.y
authorized by the Constitution.
The power over the purse - the
power over liberty.
That is the legal limitation
within which the Congress can
act. How it will proceed with
in this limitation is always
question Of policy When the
country is prosperous and free
from debt, when the rate Of taxa
ton is low, opportunity exists
for assuming new burdens and
undertaking new enterprises.
Such a condition now prevails
only to limited extent. All pro-
posals for assuming new obliga-
tons ought to be postponed, un-
less they are reproductive CAPT
tai investments or are such as
are absolutely necessary at this
time. We still have an enormous
debt Of over $4,000, 000, 900, on
which the interest and sinking
fund requirements are 81 1920, 000,-
900. Our appropriations for the
Pension Office and the Veterans
Bureau are $500, OOO. 900. The War
and Navy Departments call for
$642 900 900. Other requirements,
exclusive of the Post Office,
which IL virtually self-sustaining,
brought the appropriations for the
current year/up to almost $780,
900 900. This shows an expendi.
ture Of close to $50 for every in
habitant Of our country. For The
average family of five 1t means
a tax, directly or indirectly paid,
Of about $3.50 for national pur-
poses alone. The local tax adds
much more. These enormous ex-
penditures ought not IT, be in
creased, but through every pos
sible effort they ought TO be re.
Auced.
War Debt Already Reduced
Only one of these great items
can be ultimately extinSuishe6.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08

ton of force, rests solely on the
foundation of peace, good will,
and good works. We have sought
in our intercourse with other
nations, better understanding
through conference and exchange
of views as BELTS beings endowed
with reason. The results have
been the gradual elimination of
disputes, the settlement Of con-
troversies, and, the establishment
of a firmer friendship between
America and the rest of the world
than has ever existed at any pre-
vious time.
The example of this attitude has
not been without it's influence
upon other countries. Acting
upon it. an adjustment was made
of the difficult problem of repara-
tions. This was the second step
toward peace in Europe. 1t paved
the way for the agreements
which were drawn up at the
Locarno Conference. When rati-
fled, these will represent the
third step toward peace. While
they do not of themselves pro-
vide an economic rehabilitation,
which is necessary for the prog.
ress of Europe, by strengthening
the guarantees OF peace they
diminish the need for great arma-
ments. If the energy which now
goes into military effort is trans.
ferred to productive endeavor, It
will greatly assist economic prog
rese. .r
The Locarno agreements were
made by. the European countries
directly interested without any
formal Intervention of America,
although on July 3 I publicly al
Vocated such agreements In an al
dress made in Massachusetts,. We
have consistently refrained from
intervening except when our helP
has been sought and we have fe'L
it could be effectively given, as IN
the settlement Of PREPARATIONS ana
the London Conference. These re-
cent Locarno agreements repre-
sent the success of this policV
which we have been insisting
ought to be adopted, of having
European countries settle tnelr
own political problems without
involving this country. Thls De
ginning seems to demonstrate that
this policy is sound. 1t Is ex-
ceedingly gratifying to observe
this progress, which both m lts
method and in its result promises
so much that is beneficial to the
world.
Guarantees Of Peace
When these agreements are H.
nally adopted, they will provide
guarantees of peace that make
the present prime reliance upon
force in some parts Of Europe
very much less necessary. The
natural corollary to these treaties
should be further international
contracts for the limitation or
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
Foreign Debts

Gradually. settlements have
been made which provide for the
liquidation OF debts due to our
fSovernnaent from foreign gov
erninents. Those made with
Great Britain, Finland, Hungary.
Lsithuania, and Poland have al
ready been approved by the Con
gress. Since the adjournment,
further agreements have been
entered into with Belgium,
Czechosloyakia, Latvia, Esthonia,
and Italy. These ten nations,
which have already made settle
ments, represent $6,3S3, AL .669 of
the original principal Of the loans.
The principal sums without inter
est, still pending, are the debt of
France, OF 81, 34O, OOO, 900; Greece,
$15, 00O, 900: YugosIavia, $51 200, 900;
Rumania, $50, goo, 600; Liberia,
$26, 200; Russia. 1892. O00, 900. which
those at present in control have
undertaken openly to repudiate;
Nicaragua, $4,000, which is be
ing paid currently; and Austria,
$24 100000, on which by act OF
CongresA a moratorium of twenty
"
only remaining sum is $12,O00;0 200,
due from Armenia, which has
now ceased to exist as an indie
pendent nation.
In accordance with the settle
ments made the amount OF prin-
cipal and interest which is to be
paid to the United States under
these agreements aggregates 49,
078, ISL, $685.. 1t is obvious that
the remaining settlements, which
will undoubtedly be made, will
bring this sum up to an amount
which will more than equal the
principal due on our present ma
-tional debt. While these settle
ments are very large in the aggre-
gate, it has been felt that the
terms granted were in all cases
very generous. They impose no
undue burden and are mutually
beneficial in the observance Of
international faith and the i'm
provement of international credit.
To Push Liquidation
Every reasonable effort VIM
be made to secure agreements for
liquidation with the remaining
countries, whenever they are in
such condition that they can be
made. Those which have already
been negotiated under the bipar-
tisan commission established by
the Congress have been made
only after the most thoroughg0-
ing and painstaking iDvestiga-
ton, continued for a long time
before meeting with the repre-.
Of the countries con-
cerned. 1t is believed that they
represent in each instance. the
beat that can be done and the
Wisest settlement that can be
secured. One very important. re-
suit Ii the sterilization. Of foreign
currency, making exchange assist
rather than embarrass our trade.
Wherever. sacrifices have been.
made Of money, it viii be more
than amply returned in better
understanding and friendship,
while in so far as these adjust
ments will contribute to the finan-
cial stability Of the debtor coun-
tries, to their good order. pros
perity, and progress. they repre-
sent hope of improved trade rela-
tons and mutual contributions to
the civilization Of the world.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
URGES No
SPENDING
SPREES
Message Advocates Economy
and Advises Against Any
Drastic Legislation
Members Of the Congress;

Members Of the Congress-;
In meeting the constitutional
requirement Of informing the Con-
gress upon the state or the
union, it Is exceedingly grattfy-
ing to. report that the general
condition is one Of progress ana
prosperity. Here and, there are
comparatively small and appar-
entity temporary difficulties need
ing adjustment and improved al
ministratfve methods, sucn as
are always TO be expected, but IN
the fundamentals of government
and business the results Demon
strate that we are going IN .tne
right direction. The country does
not appear to- require radical de-
uartures from the policies ALREADY
adopted so much as 1t neeos
further extension Of these policies
and the Improvement of details,
The age of perfection Is still in
the somewhat distant future, but
Il is more in danger Of being
retarded by mistaken Govern
ment activity than it il from lack
Of legislation. We are by far the
most likely to accomplish per-
manent good IL we proceed with
moderation.
In our. country the people are
sovereign and independent, ana
must accept the resulting respon-
abilities. It Is their duty to sup
port themselves and support the
Government. That is the busl-
ness Of the nation, whatever the
charity of the nation may require.
The functions which the Con-
gress are to discharge are not
those of local government but
OF National Government. The
greatest solicitude should be -ex-
ercised to prevent any encroacn-
nent upon the rights OF the
states or theif various political
subdivisions. Local se1f-govern-
ment is one Of our most precious
uossessions It is the greatest
contributing factor to the staoh-
ity. strength, liberty. and prog.
ress of the nation. 1t ought not
ito abdicate its power through
weakness or resign its authority
through favor. 1t does not at all
follow that because abuses exist
II is the concern. OF the FeoeEa4
Government to, attempt their reF
society is IN much more danger
from encumbering the NationaI
Government beyond Its wisdom
10 comprehend. or its ability TO
sdnninigter, than from leaving the
local communities to bear tneir
own burdens and remedy their
avn evils. Our local habit and
custom Is 50 strong, our variety
AZ race and creed Is so great, the
FEDERAL authority is so tenuous,
that the area within which It
can function successfully is very
limited. The wiser policy is TO
leave the localities, so tar as
we can, possessed. of their own
eources Of revenue and charged
with their own obligations.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
u S. ENJOYS PEACE AND PROSPERITY, COOLIDGE TELLS CON

provements will result in actual
constructive saving. That is econ
omy in its best sense. It is an
avoidance of waste that there may
be the means for an outlay today
which will bring larger returns to-
morrow. We should constantly en-
gage in scientific studies Of DIR
future requirements and adopt an
orderly program for their service.
Economy is the method by which
we prepare today to afford the i'm.
provements of tomorrow.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
Alien Property,

Negotiations are progressing
among the interested parties. In
relation to the final distribution
Of the assets in the hands of the
Alien Property Custodian. Our
CONTINUED on rage Il. CoIumn ~
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08

ANDREW II. DE FORREST
s. ALLGOOD
Whose unusual net I'm renOunciny
MI but $4,000, Of b $1OO. 900 be
quest "a him IS to be attacked BY.
the courts. The Long Island 30
cfety man and member Of the
New York Yacht Club, was D chief
beneficiary IN the win Of Mrs.
Alta Pease Grouse, wealthy widow
Of B Syracuse banker. She fell to
her death from the Hotel Belmont
last June. When her viii was
opened .it was found that her
nleces, Mrs. Ella Veale and Mrs.
Lillian Osg0Od, Of Boston, and
Lynn, Mass, had been. cut off with
500 each. It ID they who win seek
1 10 have fully explained his &C.
quaintanCG with Mrs. Grouse.
not make q like contribution, ex-
cept through mutual cp-opera-
ton. The old balance OF power,
mutual alliances, and great mill
tary forces were not brought
about by any mutual dislike for
Independence, but resulted from
the domination OF circumstances.
Ultimately they were forced on
u. Like all others engaged Fin
the war whatever we said as a
matter OF fact we joined an al
lance; we became d military
power, we impaired our indie
pendence. We have more at stake
than any one else In avoiding
repetition OF that calamity, Wars
do not spring into existences They
arise from small incidents and
trif1ing irritations which can be
adjusted by tan international court.
We can contribute greatly to the
advancement OF our ideals by join
ing with other nations in main
tanning such tribunal.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-12-08
Foreign Relations

~ The policy Of our foreign rela-
tiOns, casting aside any sugges.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16
KERRICK

Mr.. and Mrs. W. p Hogan. Phyllis
and Doris autoed to Duluth Wednes.
day.
Don't forget the Ladies' Aid meet
ing al the school house Saturday aft
ernoon.
Louis and Donovan Hogan returned
to their school studies at 81. Johns
Tuesday
Mr.. and Mrs G. r. Nelson and
children spent the week end with
relatives in 81. Paul
Mr.. and Mrs Arthur Lund. J. Knes-
tang and Miss Edith Parker autoed
to 81 Paul and spent few days with
relatives and friends there.
Mr. and Mrs. II. p Hogan OF Duluth,
and Mr. and Mrs. w J Hogan OF Su-
perior spent Sunday here with the
mems parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J. II.
Hogan.
on Friday evening. April "a, Miss
Mabel Larson, teacher In Section 9
school house, will give closing day
program and shadow social. All are
invited TO attend.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16

last Saturday. Richard Palon, Jr.. fell
into the fire with the result that his
hands were quite badly burned.
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Danfelson and
Miss Ella Danielson of Cloquet, mot
ored down here Saturday to attend
Mrs. Olson's funeral. Ella expects
to remain here for few weeks visit.
The barn on the farm occupied by
the Theodore Lindquist family. burn
ed to the ground Sunday Mr.. and
Mrs. Lindquist were attending church
in Moose Lake, having left their five
oldest children at home. The sup
position is that the fire was started
by some Of the children who we're
playing with matches Mr., Lindquist
lost all Of his hay and straw, a brood
SOW. two calves and his wagon and
harnesses in the blaze.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16
RUTLEDGE

Mrs. Zapple is recovering from her
Illness.
Rudolph Winner is home from Du-
luth for few days
Gust Schubert was business caller
at Willow River Tuesday.
Mr. and Mrs. C. b. Peterson OF
Grantsburg, spent Easter at the Hiatt
home.
The Misses Soelberg and Noriund
spent Easter at their respective
homes
Mrs. C. Hiatt is very III at the
present writing. having had the flu
and now a relapse.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Snyder and fami-
ly OF Cloquet, spent Easter Sunday
with relatives here.
Ken Mitchell motored to Duluth
Thursday and spent the week end
with friends and relatives.
Mrs. p. Pangerl is on the sick list
II. Wickstrom OF Finlayson, was
I'm town Tuesday looking after his
telephone interests here.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16
Pleasant Hill Neighborhood

Mr. and Mrs. Louis Schrader were
callers at Berglund's Monday.
Mrs. Nellie Johnson was Sand
stone caller. between trains. Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Mach spent
Sunday with Dave Parkers north of
KerrIck.
The o. T. Rudd and Berglund faml-
lies spent Sunday afternoon with
Kvasniekas.
Miss Edith Parker. teacher in the
Pleasant Hin school, spent the week
end visiting friends in ST. Paul.
There In quite an epidemic Of
something that resembles the flu in
this neighborhood Frank Mach, Jr.,
Il. Eggiman and several Of the Geo,
Robinson family are III.
Dorothy Berglund returned to Su-
perior Sunday to resume her high
school work. having spent the Easter
vacation with her parents.
Mrs II. sharpsteen who has been
spending the past few weeks in the
Twin Cities. drove to her home Sun
day forenoon for short visit and
returned to the Cities In the after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs John Babe entertain
ed all the children OF the neighbor-
hood to an Easter party Saturday
afternoon. And. in the evening the
grown-ups were called in to help cele-
brate Carl Bade's birthday. A good
time was had as Mr.. and Mrs. Bade
are past masters In the art Of enter
tanning.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16
Oak Lake Neighborhood

Hiding Magnuson left Monday for
Duluth.
John Miller visited at Aron Mag
nuson's Friday.
Milton Beckstrom Is now owner OF
a Ford runabout
Aug. Nelson called ut Nels Nelson's
Sunday afternoon.
Hrma Johnson spent the week end
at her home here.
VIM. Asst went to 81. Paul Monday
to spend couple Of days
Agnes and Harry Anderson Of Du-
luth. spent Easter at home.
Clarence Johnson called at Aron
Magnuson's Monday evening.
Gust Koecher and John Olson were
visitors At John Swenson's Friday.
There will be social az the Section
school Friday evening. April "a,
Inez johnson and Alice Swenson
left for their respective schools sun
day.
John Swenson and Alfred Ander-
son visited At Emil Anderson's Sunday
afternoon.
Tony Carlson and Victor westlund
% Cloquet. were visitors In this
neighborhood Friday and Saturday
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1925-04-16
DEATH CALLS MOTHER TO REST

Mrs. Swan Olson, one Of the early
settlers OF the town of Wihdemere,
passed away at st. Luke's hospital,
Duluth, April Z. 1925, after linger-
ing illness.
Anna Catherine Danielson was born
in Ragunda, Jamtland, Sweden, Nov.
10, 1858. She was united in marriage
to Swan Olson, Oct. IS, 1881. Mr.. and
Mrs. Olson came to this country dur
ing the year 1888, first settling at
Barnum. In 1898 they moved to the
farm near Sturgeon Lake where she
lived until her death. Mrs. Olson
was So years, months and 10 days
Of age.
Mrs. Olson is survived by her hus-
band, Swan Olson, and six sons, Olof
of Minneapolis, Daniel, Frederick, Ed
ward, Gottfred and Carl and one
daughter, Title, all OF Windemere;
daughter-in-law and three grand
children, besides two sisters, Mrs.
John Ogren OF Braham, Mimi, and
Mrs. Sophie Carlson OF Minneapolis;
brother. Nels Danielson, OF Canada,
and large circle OF other relatives.
Funeral services were held at the
Windemere NJ r. church, Saturday,
April II, at 2 D. m, Rev. G. A. Olson
officiating Interment was made in
the Lutheran cemetery. Mrs. Olson
was carried to her final resting place
by Oscar Carlson. John Storm, Aug
ust Johnson. olof Olson, Ole Ander-
son and Severt Overland, all old
friends and neighbors Of the Olson
family.
Relatives present at the funeral
were: Mrs. Olson's sister. Mrs Sophie
Carlson and son, Daniel, Of Minnea-
polls; Mr. and Mrs. c. G. Carlson. Min
neapolis; John ogren Of Braham; Mrs.
T. Erickson and son and the Misses