davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1925-01-06
Over Representation

Under the constitution any state may decide
what portion of its population is fit for self
government. No portion of the population of a
state deemed by that state to be incapable of
participating intelligently or safely in voting,
should form the basis of representation in CON
gress or the electoral college.
Whether the non-participation Of a voter in
elections be due to disfranchisement by his own
state on the grounds of unfitness for self govern
ment, or whether his unfitness be demonstrated
by his own failure to vote, his influence should
count for nothing in the distribution of voting
power in congress and the electoral college
among the several states.
The constitution contains a provision for the
reduction of representation in the house Of rep
resentatives and the electoral college of any state
which by disfranchisement reduces its electorate.
The amendment is mandatory, but it has never
been put into effect. To do so, indeed, would be
difficult. because of the practical impossibility
of reaching an exact determination of the extent
to which failure to take part in elections is due
TO DISTINGUISHING laws and practices.
Under the present system one vote in certain
states is represented ten fold in the, house of rep
rosentatives and the electoral college as com
pared with one vote in certain other states. 1t is
argued that the same condition prevails with
reference to senators, but under the theory of
our constitution senator's represent sovereign
states and not population; whereas members of
tie house of representatives are supposed TO rep
resent people. The distinction therefore is clear.
, 1925-01-06
v A Glance Forward

There is an evident disposition on the part
Of Republicans and constructive political think
ers in general to assume that the defeat of the
Democratic and radical national candidates in
the last national campaign brings an assurance
of permanent dominance for constructive policies
in national affairs.
Yet the Republican party and the constructive
forces of the country in general face a difficult
situation in the campaign of 1928, which will
be under way in a little more than a year hence;
this campaign being the curtain raiser for the
national contest of two years later.
The dominant factor in the campaign of 1924
was public confidence in President Coolidge. it
seems evident that this confidence, strong as il
is, will grow stronger rather than weaker during
the next two years. That confidence will not
necessarily control the congressional elections,
however. Hardings' landslide brought about a
Republican majority of 100 in the house in 1920.
The even greater Coolidge landslide produced
a Republican majority of but forty-seven. Two
years hence the Coolidge popularity will newt
ably cut less figure in the elections than if he
were on the ticket as a presidential candidate.
Moreover there was a division on the national
ticket of the anti-Republican forces in 1924.
These may, and probably will be united in the
congressional elections of 1928. This coupled
with the usual mid reaction pre-.
sents a problem to which Republicans and others
interested in making the Coolidge administration
a complete success, and in bringing about Repub-
lican victory in 1928, should be giving Thoughtful
attention.
, 1925-01-06
A Workers Job

Yale has an instructor inNEnglish
who has been giving literary
asp.rants in his class to und/ stand
that they have chosen a hard row
to hoe. Authorship he Gays. sis
not a lazy mans job" This. despite
the vague ideas OF many as t what
they fancy to be the easy life of tho
author. is wise talk.
Real literature rarely is produced
by the swift movement OF a foun-
tain pen over paper. Few OF our
great authors have displayed any
great facility in the preparation OF
their manuscripts. Balzac was "a
prodigious worker. He was the
despair Of his printers who had TO
make the innumerable alterations
he penciied upon his proof sheets.
Charles Lambs brain was relieved
while he wrote by the placing of his
feet in warm water. Robert Louis
Stevenson copied and recopied each
page of a novel. making frequent
changesjn the text. The paragraphs
Of Emerson's ssa generally were
written on bits OF paper. with no
thought OF sequence and nfterward
we're painfully pieced together.
Our own John Muir sometimes re-
quired six weeks 10 write a chapter
Of 1000 or 5000 words, an mount
Of copy" that can be turned out in
a couple OF days by a writer Of
facility. Muir complained OF indi-
, 1925-01-06
Difference in Spirit

Speaking in New York upon the occasion of
his acceptance of the Woodrow Wilson award.
Lord Robert Cecil said:
let us look back 10 the state of things that OK.
listed before the war. At that time the dominant
conception of international relationships was
every nation for itself and the devil take the
hlndmost' Unrestricted national rivalry was
preached almost as a duty irrespective of the
obvious fact that the only logical outcome of such
a doctrine was war sooner of later"
Lord Cecil can speak for Europe in this mat.
ter. but not for The United States. What is there
IN the history Of this republic to prove the dom.
nance of such a conceptions of international re
lations in the United States?
The United States has lived side by side for
nearly a century with many nations in this hem
lsphere which il could at any time have overcome
by military or naval force. In that time il has
made no territorial acquisitions as the result
OF conquest undertaken for that purpose. Our
only acquisition of territory from the weaker ma.
tons of this hemisphere were the territory coded
by Mexico and that given to the United States by
Panama for the construction of an oceanic
canal open ON equal terms to all nations. In
neither case was war provoked for the purpose
of acquiring these possessions.
In China the United States government pre-.
vented the partition of the empire in the face
Of European demands, after the Boxer rebellion.
The spirit of good Will toward other nations,
with no desire to take what belongs to them, pre-
vailed in the United States before the World
war, and IT has prevailed since. At the peace
eohielehVe unit spirit was eAemplfled by re-
framing from demands for territory or indemni.
ties. The other spirit prevailed in Europe before
the war and it has prevailed since. 1t threw
President Wilson'S idealism on the scrap heap,
and it insisted upon war terms which have kept
the world in an uproar since.
President Wilson failed az Paris because he
did not understand that the change he hoped for
in the spirit of Europe had not come. 1t may
come, but there are few signs that the glad day
is near at hand. Whenever European nations ac.
cent the internatiOnnl ideals and follow fha in.
ternational example of the United States it will
not take a league of nations to prevent wars
which are the outgrowth of selfish nationalism,
and until they do a league of nations will be
powerless TO protect the world from tho evil
results of International hatred, jealousy and GOV.
etOusness.
, 1925-01-06
Now In Effect

The lowered income tax rates contained in the
revenue law of 1924 are now in effect, and about
100000 taxpayers will have to dig less deeply
into their pockets in 1925. Returns are reouired
of every single person whose net income for 1924
was $1,000 or more or whose gross income was
$4,000 or more, and of every married person
whose net income was $500 or more. There is
no change in the personal exemption for single
persons, which is $1,000. Married persons living
with husband or wife and heads of families are
allowed an exemption of $500 regardless of the
amount of net income. A credit of $500 for each
person dependent upon him for support, if such
person is under eighteen years of age, or incap-
able of self-support because mentally or physi.
cally defective is still allowed.
, 1925-01-06
Sparring for Adjustment

The American government neither officially
nor unofticially has received any assurance, as
published in London, that Great Britain had as.
sured the United States she would not stand in
terms more lenient than the Anglo American
agreement, but the failure of the British for
eign office to deny that such a suggestion might
be forthcoming is noted with great interest. On
the other hand the French foreign office CON
firms reports that negotiations have been open
ed between Finance Minister Clementel and Sec
Rotary Mellon suggesting a ten-year moratorium
and giving an indication as TO what the French
government thinks France might be able to do in
the way of payments. This H. the first tangible
proposition France has made toward a settle
ment The news is very favorably received in
Washington.
, 1925-01-06
Eternal Vigilance

twenty-five Republican senators will be up for
reelection in 1926. Only seven Democrats, all
from solid south states, will have to run the
political gauntlet two years hence. One LaFol.
lette Socialist, Ladd, of North Dakota, will be
up for reelection. Six Republican senators
Ernst, of Kentucky; Harreld, of Oklahoma; Wei.
fler of Maryland; Cameron, of Arizona; Oddie of
Nevada, and Spencer of Missouri, are from states
which often go Democratic. The Republican ma.
jority in the next senate is narrow. The loss of
a half-dozen senator's would make the senate
Democratic and throw the administration into a
deadlock.
\ control of the government in behalf of Ger.
tain national policies is as well worth fighting
to keep as fighting to get. The anti Republican
and anttconstructiv forces OF the country are
ceaselessly active. Preparedness is as well worth
while in a political party as in a government. 1t
is none too soon to begin a campaign of educa-
ton looking forward to the congressional cleo.
tions Of 1S26.
, 1925-01-06

of his greatest popularity Mark
Twain told of his struggles in be-
glnping books and articles;
Speaking of the I'll luck Of start
ins a piece OF literary work wrong.
last summer / started sixteen things
wrong-three books and thirteen
magazine articles-and could only
make two little wee things, 1900
words altogether. succeed-only that
out OF piles and stacks Of diligently
wrought MS"
And yet many CT those who
laughed over Marks easy humor"
doubtless imagined that he tossed
Off a chapter or two. at a sitting!
Nor was his friend Bret Harte a
less painstaking writer. Harte
would write a simple letter of a page
or W three or four times before
II suited his fastidious taste. Henry
James, whose literary scroll work
sometimes smacks of intellectual
foppery, liked to putin all the little
touches that go TO express the most
subtle meanings. His labors were
a harsh tax upon his vital powers.
Every year this country produces
a new crop of fiction writer's, but
rarely does their work reveal that
passion for perfection possessed by
the masters. Now and then, to be
sure. there appears a writer who
makes a spontaneous appeal by the
use OF language that flows from his
pen with little effort. but he is. a
rara avis. Henry David Thoreau,
whose books. so easily written out
Of full mind. r so easily read. did
not seem to regard literary work as
an art. He held that II a writer
had anything to say it should come
from him as readily as a stone drops
from his hand.
Each writer might well wish that
this were true in his W case. but
generally he admits the truth OF
the dictum Of Sheridan that easy
writings curst hard reading" He
also would be willing to subscribe
TO the validity Of the Yale instruc-
tors assertion that authorship-real
authorship-isn't a lazy mans job.
, 1925-01-06
The Factfinders

A reader asks: What is the fact
finding commission. so-called? II
was a special advisory COMMITTEES
appointed by the Secretary Of che
Interior. to ascertain the facts in
regard to government reciama-
ton Of arid land. and recommend 4
fixed policy. The commission con-
sisted Of Thomas E. Campbell. for
mer governor of Arizona; DR.. John
A. Widstoe. former president OF the
state university and agricultural
college of Utah; James r. Gar
field. former secretary of the In
terror; Elwood Mead. now commits
sioner Of reclamation and at that
time a professor in the university
OF California; Oscar B%radfute. OF
Ohio, president Ct the American
farm bureau federation, and Clyde
c. Dawson. Of Colorado The
commission began its sessions in
Washington, October l5, 1923, and
fled its report August 10, 1924. The
report was unanimous.
, 1925-01-06

the United States. A settlement
was made with Great Britain. The
money the United States borrowed
from the American people and which
was sent to Great Britain or credited
to her. cost the United States treas.
ury an average of four and one half
per cent per annum. Whereas the
original act of congress required
the secretary of the treasury TO re-
ceive bonds from Great Britain bear
ing the same rate of interest as the
United States paid the people from
whom 1t borrowed; nevertheless
when a settlement a made with
Great Britain and that country ex-
changed a demand note or an II o
u" for regular government bonds.
Great Britain paid the United States
or agreed to pay only three per cent
interest for ten years. and three
and one half per cent for hfty-two
years. The difference in the interest
the United States pays and Great
Britain will pay. is about s22, 100000
each year. This agreement with
Great Britain was ratified by con.
gress. as all forthcoming agree
ments must be.
Tho United States congress and
treasury department and deb com
mission all want the country to
know that Great Britain has been
dealt with by the United States most
, 1925-01-06
Pay AS You Enter

J. a. A. Hopkins, treasurer of the New York
IaFollette. Wheeler radical party during the late
campaign says:
The Progressive party will be composed of
the voters who Individually enroll as such, in ac
cordance with American usage. The American
Federation of Labor, railway brotherhoods, the
farm organizations and the other economic bod.
les cannot be integral parts of such a party, be-
cause logically and in fairness TO their respective
memberships they must maintain their nonparti.
san attitude. The Progressive party will be a
dues-paying organization, supported by the pro-
portionate contributions of every man or woman
who desires to participate in the movement"
, 1925-01-06

Eestion because of hard iterary
work After he had sent the last
chapter OF his Turmoil" to his pub.
Usher Booth darlington said. MY
manuscripts IS all in and so am L.
What ia left Of me after writing
book said Howells. never
seems quite sufficient to write an
other"
The perfect heat of creative liter
airy work, though necessary for the
best production. often takes its toll
from the too strenuous author in
the way Of reduced vitality. Frank
Norris is said to have killed himself
trying to write 5000 words a day.
Jack London said he could write bot
1000 words and then must rest.
The first page or two of a piece Of
writing generally is the hardest. In
q letter to a friend during The period
, 1925-01-06
I~nterallied Debts


senator 9hioo', o. o'aH me nc
oest posted man IN consFesa "a
aetails OF government
ana me laws soFerHihs ls oPeia
uoh' lie IS d "lzoFu On niianee alu
hgures' IN the recent uepa'e III
the senate on the suggestion Hoii
the nsiis chanceiior OF .ne eA
chequer that II inc Ohi.eu oeaees
n portion Vi inc wa
dept OF a II 10 inns country men
Great Britain Wou'o expect a
United states 10 give Urea. hri.ail
similar treatment senator fNeeu' oi
missouri turned repository 10 sens
tor smoot Q tacts ana hsuIes re
lating TO European oeots TO tne
United states ana the WORK OF II
deut cominission Oh winch oeiia'oi
Snloof Is p member
Nhat We're me rlsinai ueot con.
ditionsf Nhen Sreat britain ahu
the aNlcs IN Europ asked aid from
the lhli'a Stn'es. congtess author
, 1925-01-06
The Measure of Desire

Unity, a publication strong for pacifism in the
United States, says that Russia has reduced her
standing army from $4,000 to $4,000 men, and
that the present size of the bolshevik army is "a
measure of Russia's sincerity for peace Judg.
ing from the size of the army and the poverty
of the people who have to support it, the mea.
sure of the desire for peace seems TO be about
one per cent that of the United States, which
Unity feels CONTAINED to warn so persistently
against militarism and military preparedness.
, 1925-01-06
me- To Have Company

Governor Pat Neff, of Texas, has done his part
toward making Governor MA Ferguson feel
az home in her new environment, by appointing
three women to the supreme court of Texas
the first time in the history OF Texas that a wo
man has been appointed TO the highest state
court. The women are, Miss Nellie Gray Robert.
son, county attorney for Hood county, special
chief Justice; Mrs. Hortense Ward of Houston.
prominent woman attorney, and Mrs. Edith Z.
Wilmans of Dallas, former member of the state
legislature.
, 1925-01-06
Question of Control

Tho country is looking forward to a test OF
strength between President Coolidge and certain
elements in congress to see which shall be domi.
nant in shaping Legislation. What form the test
viii take is regarded as uncertain. 1t is likely to
come on the question as to whether or no there
shall be an extra session of the sixty.ninth con.
gress. As inauguration day approaches, there
is much speculation also as to what changes will
be made in the cabinet. Some changes are re
garded as certain. M
, 1925-01-06

generously. and even contrary to
the strict terms of the original
credits advanced in 1917 Great
Britain has nothing TO do with the
terms the debt commission and con-
gress may see fit to accept from
France, or any other country. =
, 1925-01-06

The return Of Jackson's birthday reminds us
that this founder of the modern Democratic party
was Il protectionist and a nationalist, and if
he were to return to earth would lay his hick.
DRY cane about vigorously among the orators
at almost any present day Jackson day banquet.
, 1925-01-06

President Coolidge is accused Of "a nj ssion for
p~arsimony.' This is a new thing in Washington
and preferable with the taxpayer to a wildness
for waste.
, 1925-01-06
PUZZLE


Solution of Mondays puzzle.
Evening star., 1925-07-14
DEADLOCK UNBROKEN.
Little Prospects of Early Negotiations
On Shanghai Affair.

PEKING, July IA P.-There is
little prospect Of an early commence
ment of negotiations over the Shang-
hal affair growing out of the strike
In the foretgn-owned cotton mills and
the subsequent rtoting.
The deadlock between the Shanghai
municipal authorities and the diplo-
matte corps over the question of turis-
diction, which affords grounds for the
French Minister'S retirement from the
diplomatic commission, remains I'M
broken.
Diplomatic quarters profess not to
know whether another delegate will
be appointed in place of Count de
Martel but they appear to share the
French Ambassador view that it is
useless to press for the opening of the
conferences while the jurisdiction
conflict is unsolved.
On the other hand, the Chinese ap-
pear to be reluctant to undertake the
negotiations while it Is uncertain that
the diplomats will be able to enforce
the possible decisions. Furthermore,
there are no indications that the Chi
nese have receded from their position
that there can be no settlement of the
Shanghai riot shootings exclusive of
questions concerning the contributory
conditions.
Leakage of parts of the report of
the investigators sent to Shanghai
has raised the question in diplomatic
circles whether it would not be wise
to publish the entire report.
Evening star., 1925-07-14
MISS ANNA DAY AWARDED
PRIZE FOR REDDEST HAIR
Eastern High School Girl Winner
in Competition at ST. Gabriel
Church Carnival.

A smiling little school girl Of Is
Summers walked off with the first
prize for the most brilliant red hair at
st. Gabriel's carnival. Grant circle
and Webster street, last night, tri-
umphing over IL other contestants
ranging in age from "6 going on 7''
years old to maturity.
The winner was Anna Day, an East
ern High School student Of 307 18th
street northeast but a close contes-
tant who garnered in the honors OF
second place was little Mary NJ. Gray,
who said she was 'thix goin' on
theven," and who resides at els
Keifer place northwest.
The winner had long. iridescent
curls. while the second place winner
boasted quite the latest bobbed ar
rangement of warm red locks
Tonight's contest is expected to at
tract large throngs. It viii consist of
a competition of girls with the latest
type of bobbed hair, from shingled
style to the King Tut arrangement.
The outstanding contest of the week,
however, is expected to be the freck~
led face boys contest tomorrow night
when the youngster whose face shows
the greatest number of small ginger
snaps peeping through his skin will get
an elaborate standard base ball out
fit. Entries should be turned in before
tomorrow at o'clock to T. A Nc
Namara at 400 Varnum street.
Evening star., 1925-07-14
PEPCO MUST REPLY
TO GARN|SHMENTS
Answer That Applicants Have
Not Asked for Money Not
Enough, Says Judge.

Justice Stafford of the District Su-
preme Court today rendered an i'm
portant ruling in connection with the
efforts being made by a number of
persons holding judgments against
consumers of electric power, entitled
to a portion of the refund OF So, 600 900
now being distributed by the Potomac c
Electric Power Co. The court held
that an answer by the company to a
garnishment that "the defendant has
not yet made an application for a re
fund" is insufficient, and suggested
that the counsel for the company
make an additional return.
The judgment creditor of con-
sumer entitled to refund stands in the
same position as his debtor, and his
garnishment may be viewed in the
light of an application. Surely" said
Justice Stafford, this money must be
reachable. But as it may run into
many thousand dollars and may in
volve a number of suits, it might be
desirable that special auditor be
appointed to whom all these cases
could be referred. The plaintiff, how
ever, in each case must take up the
burden of proving the claim the same
as the Judgment debtor would have to
do If he were making the application.
Some machinery may, be worked out,
but unnecessary burden should not
be placed on the company
Attorney S. r. Bowen for the COM
pany contended that until an applica-
ton had been made by a person en-
titled to refund the company could
not respond to garnishment that the
company was indebted, because the
order of court providing for the dis
tribution of the refund provides that
application shall be made within three
years and directs the disposition of
the portion of the fund not SO applied
for.
The court suggested that the judg.
ment creditor, in proving his claim.
might call the consumer as a witness
and might also request the production
of the books of the company to show
the amount that would be due if ap-
plication had been made in the first
instance by the judgment debtor.
Evening star., 1925-07-14
COOLIDGE SATISFIED
WITH LEAGUE REPORTS
Confident Accurate Information Is
Being Given Despite Plea
for Close Check.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SWAMPSCOTT, Mass. July A.
President Coolidge is satisfied that the
United States is receiving accurate
information as to work accomplished
by the League of Nations, despite
suggestions that steps should be taken
to obtain more reliable reports on pro-
.ceedings.
To large extent, in the Presidents
opinion, the American public can de-
pend on press dispatches for informa-
ton as to what is transpiring. So
far as the Government is concerned,
he believes that through the American
legation at Bern comprehensive and
early reports on developments are be-
ing transmitted to Washington.
The opinion of the President was
outlined in connection with published
statements that DIR. Nicholas Murray
Butler, president of Columbia Uni
versity, thought the United States
should be better informed about what
is being done by the League of Ma
tions.
Mr. Coolidge apparently is content
to continue the present system of re-
ceiving information as to league de-
velopments and it was indicated he
would not look with favor on any pro-
posal to assign a special representa-
tive of the American Government to
Geneva to watch developments.