davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Windbreaks Should Have
Attention Beforehand

Farmers who are interested in wind
breaks should look around their farm
buildings now to see where the snow
is coming from, with the object In
view of planting windbreaks to keep
out the cold, wintry winds sometime
in the future. Plans can well be
made now to prevent snow from drift
ing and to break disagreeable winds
that sweep about farm buildings.
Plan on planting the farm woodlot
so that it will be an efficient protector
against severe north and northwest
winds. The amount OF nursery stock
needed can be figured cut and orders
placed early with the nurseries.
Nurseries usually fill orders in the
order received. Another reason for
early buying is that it pays to have
seedlings in the ground early il the
spring. Seedlings should be planted
before they have started their normal
growth.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Thinning Improves
the Farm Woodlot
Winter Is Season to Get Out
Defective Trees.

Nearly every farm woodlot can be
improved by the removal of dead, dy
ing and defective trees, and some of
the less valuable kinds as well. The
foresters at the New York State Col
lege of Agriculture at Ithaca make this
statement and say that this work can
best be done in the winter months
when other work Is slack Winter is
also the best season OF the year at
which to cut timber, since those spe-
cies which sprout naturally from the
stump will do so vigorously in the
spring. The work of chopping and
handling logs likewise is much easier
in winter.
The way to go about making these
cuttings follows: First, remove all
dead and dying trees, or those which
are suffering from disease or insect
attack. Second, remove those which
are crooked and defective, or which
may be hindering the growth of others
more valuable.
1t should, of course, be kept In mind
that the stand of trees is not opened
up to such an extent that grass and
weeds will grow where young trees
should be growing. In other words, the
Grown cover" should be kept so that
about one-half shade will be provided.
Nearly all species of trees will re-
produce naturally without special eff
fort, and second crop should be OBJ
tanned without any difficulty.
In the case of failure from this
source, it is possible to plant young
nursery trees to take the place Of
those cut.
If there Is no local market for the
material removed from the woodlot, it
is always possible to convert it into
firewood with small portable buzz
saw. Cordwood has been command
ing good price in nearly all parts
of the country this year.
The college OF agriculture will be
glad to send bulletins describing in
more detail the work of thinning.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Compare Soy Beans With
Tankage to Fatten Hogs

In comparing a ration of Shelled
corn, soy beans and mineral mixtures,
with shelled corn and tankage, in re-
cent experiments at Purdue, Ind, it
was found that soy bean hogs put on
weight at a cost of $5.75 per hundred
weight against $6.04 for the tankage
fed animals and the rate of gain was
almost as much, 1.62 pounds per day
against 1.65 pounds per day. The cost
Of corn and soy bean hogs, without the
mineral mixture, was $5.SS per hun
dred. All the lots had legume pas
ture.
These results show that pound of
soy beans practically replaced a pound
of tankage. On this basis, soy beans
may be used if obtained at a lower
cost per pound than tankage Since
soy beans can be produced on the ma
jority of corn belt farms for consid-
erably less than the usual cost of an
equal amount of tankage, they should
be more generally used with corn and
legume pasture for fattening hogs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
SHELTER AND WATER
FOR THE DAIRY cow

To get profitable returns from the
dairy COW in winter, she must be kept
comfortable. She cannot endure as
much cold as a beef COW or a fatten-
ing steer. Experienced dairymen are
well aware of this, but men who have
recently changed from beef cows to
high-producing dairy cows do not al
ways realize the difference that exists
in the two classes of cattle. A beef
cow carries more fat under her hide
than a dairy COW, and fat is a most ex-
cellent nonconductor of heat. The COW
with layer of fat under her hide does
not lose natural heat as rapidly as one
lacking in fat Because of this the
dairy COW should be provided with a
comfortably warm barn through the
winter season.
In providing a warm barn care
must be taken to furnish good ventila-
ton. While there must be no drafts
in the barn, circulation Of air must be
provided for. A cow utilizes very
large amount of air and also exhales
large quantities of moisture If fresh
air cannot come in from the outside
and the moisture-ladenl air inside of
the barn cannot get out, the vitality
of the COW will soon be lowered. She
cannot properly digest the large
amount of feed she must consume in
order to produce a large quantity of
milk in the absence of an abundant
supply of pure air.
The water supply is Of greater i'm
pOrtance chan most farmers realize.
To produce 80 pounds of milk COW re-
CURES 100 pounds of water. In many
cases dairy cows are given chance
to drink water only once a day during
the winter season and that may be out
of a tank covered with ice. This means
that COW producing 80 pounds of milk
must drink 100 pounds OF ice water,
which she will not do. The result is
that her milk flow falls off. A drink
ing cup attached to each stall is one of
the most economical improvements
that can be made in a dairy barn.
It is not necessary that the water flow
ing into a drinking cup be warm.
Even if it is Ice cold, the COW will get
all she wants. because she is not
obliged to drink a large quantity at
time She will drink small quaint
ties, but often. One may supply COW
with an excellent grain ration and
good roughage, but if she cannot get
all the water she needs for producing
certain quantity Of milk, feed alone
will not enable her to do So plenti-
full supply of water Is just as impor-
tant as an abundant supply of feed.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Sanitary Poultry House
Is Necessary for Eggs

Chickens will not give adequate re-
turns in eggs or growth when kept I'M
der insanitary conditions.
The construction of the poultry
house should receive first attention.
Sufficient air space, lighting, and ven
tilation should be provided, and the
entire house cleaned at frequent in
tervals.
While these precautions cannot be
depended upon to control mites and
lice, they aid the poultryman in deter
mining when these pests are present.
Furthermore, the fowls are kept in
vigorous condition, which in itself
aids in controlling pests. Dirty and
insanitary houses provide ideal breed
ing conditions for insects and germs
which are detrimental to poultry. Dis
eased fowls, or those with malformed
bills or feet, fall ready prey to lice.
mites, and other insect pests, and
should be removed as soon as dis
covered.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Lime Quite Useful
on Any Acid Soil
Judicious Use to Be Favored
Where Manure Is Scarce.

Do not get the idea that you can
safely stop using lime just because
the writer of popular articles has ques-
toned it's value. This advice comes
from A. w. Blair, associate soil chem
ist at the New Jersey College of Ag-
riculture, New Brunswick. IN ex-
PLANTATION of this he says: 'TThere are
few plants that do fairly well on an
acid soil, but if you are engaged in
general farming or trucking where the
supply of farm manure is limited, you
will be abundantly rewarded for the
1udicious use Of lime in some form.
For the average soil, unless known to
be highly acid, one to two tons of pull
verified limestone per acre or the
equivalent in another form, once in
four or 6ve-year rotation, will usually
be sufficient.
One who spends all his days on
the farm, and observes carefully the
effect of fertilizers and lime On such
crops as clover, alfalfa, and other
soil-building legumes, is in a better
position to measure the effect Of lime
on such crops than the one who
makes an occasional visit to farm or
to some experimental plots. He knows
full well that commercial fertilizers
cannot fully take the place of lime.
THE soils gradually become acid.
not because Of the fertilizers, but in
spite Of them, and lime or some other
basic materials must be added at in
tervals to replace certain substances
that are constantly being lost through
drainage waters and the removal of
crops.
when mineral fertilizers have been
used continually without lime or
manure, it is practically impossible to
get, clover and alfalfa to grow, but
add lime to this same land and vol
unteer clover comes in, even to the
partial exclusion Of timothy and other
grasses. This fact has been demon
strated many times on the soil fertility
plots at the New Jersey agricultural
experiment, station"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Only Two Cases
of Chicken Pest
Losses in All Instances Have
Been Caused by Common
Ailments.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
Fear of recurrence of European fowl
pest, which appeared In the United
States Cor the first time about a year
ago, has caused many poultrymen in
the Central West to feel alarmed at
any sign of sickness among their birds.
Numerous Investigations have been
made by representatives of the United
States Department of Agriculture dur
Ing the past two months at the re-
quest Of pOultrymen in these states.
In all instances the findings have been
that the losses, which in a few ship
ments have been quite heavy, have
been caused by some Of the common
ailments, such as roup, or by dietic
disturbances, apparently the result of
hardships attending the transportation
of birds, aggravated by improper feed
Ing and confinement in insanitary
quarters.
Only Two Outbreaks.
Only two outbreaks of fowl pest
have occurred since last spring, one in
New York and the other In Delaware.
In the former state the disease made
Its appearance about July l in flock
Of 900 chickens near East Hampton,
on Long Island. In the latter state
about 200 chickens on a farm near
Dover were involved early in August
The usual slaughter and disinfection
methods were employed in combating
these outbreaks and there has been
no subsequent spread.
While the department does not wish
to minimize the Importance of watch
fulness for fowl pest by the poultry
raiser, 1t is DESTROYS Of impressing on
those engaged in concentrating and
distributing poultry the Importance Of
maintaining their plants and equip
ment in sanitary condition and i'm
proving their feeding practices. Some
progress has been made, says the de-
partment, but much remains to be
done. Many of these common ailments
which have worried the poultrymen
might largely be avoided by exercis-
Ing greater care to create sanitary
conditions and to adopt approved
methods of feeding.
Keep Close Watch.
Veterinary inspectors employed at
the departments substations main
tanned for animal disease and meat
inspection work In each Of the chick
en-raising states are keeping in close
touch with the producers, distributors,
and slaughterers of poultry. When
any unusual losses are reported to the
bureau of animal industry of the de-
partment, employees experienced in
poultry disease work are detailed to
investigate. The bureau is prepared
to act quickly in the event there should
be recurrence of either fowl pest or
infectious bronchitis.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Permanent Tame Pasture
Returns Most Net Monev

We have been finding out lately
that permanent tame pastures return
more net money than most of the
acres that are cropped.
Alfalfa is the most permanent if
the grasses are kept out. If one
wants to treat it as a cash crop, it is
good for around $50 year counting
on three tons of $40 hay.
The acreage of alfalfa in some sec
lions has increased a thousand per
cent in the last year. Some of the
store-box gentry allow that in a year
or two alfalfa hay won't be worth cut
ting. It was ever thus. One banker
made a pretty apt reply to this objec-
ton when he said:
"Well, sir, maybe alfalfa will be
cheap enough then so you can afford
to feed it to your cows"
Making longtime investments such
as growing alfalfa is generally mark
of shrewdness.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Improved Dat Varieties
Developed for New York

A number Of high-yielding oat vari-
eties have been developed by the New
York state experiment station in CO.
operation with the United States De
partment of Agriculture. Six Of these
varieties. the Comewell, Cornellian,
Empire, Ithacan, Standwell, and Up
right, are discussed In Department
Circular 353 just issued by the United
States Department Of Agriculture.
Tested on New York farms for a Le-
Rod of four years, 1921 to 1925, each
Of these varieties gave an average
yield of more than so bushels per
acre.
The investigational work to develop
these bodybuilding varieties was under
taken because of the important place
the oat crop holds in the agriculture
Of New York, and because the general
average of the crop over the entire
state has been 31.9 bushels per acre for
the past 16 years. This low yield has
been due in part to the use of poorly
adapted and low-yielding varieties.
During the six-year period from
1913 to 1923, inclusive, III experiments
at Ithaca the Comedian has produced
decidedly the highest average yield,
exceeding It's nearest competitor, the
Ithacan, by more than five bushels to
the acre. The yield of the Comedian
was $50 bushels.
copy Of the circular may be OK
tained as long as the supply lasts, by
writing to the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington, d. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Winter Pasture for Sows
Will Benefit YOUNGSTERS

Brood sows can make excellent use
of pasture in the winter time. Per-
haps the statement winter pasture
sounds somewhat peculiar because we
are in the habit of thinking of pas
lures as being useful in the summer
time only, but rye. oats, wheat, barley
or rape can be used to as good ad-
vantage as winter pasture. The cows
can get out on warm, sunny days, will
be able to obtain some green feed and
take exercise which is very impor-
tant.
A brood SOW upon good pasture be-
fore she farrows will never have weak
and hairless pigs. A brood sow should
have from one to two pounds of grain
for every one hundred pounds live
weight. with good pasture or hay
through the winter before the pigs
are born.-B. w. Fairbanks, livestock
specialist, Colorado Agricultural col
iege.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
FARM !,N'GTES

Don't overwork pullets in the fall
with too much light.
The wet fall has shown many farm
ers what tile drains are worth to
them.
concrete walk from the house
to the barn and other buildings would
be a mighty fine Improvement on
many farms.
The quickest and cheapest method
to eradicate the pocket gopher is by
poisoning with grain or vegetable bats
treated with strychnine.
Hogs that are to be carried over
in stocker condition to be sold as
feeders may be fed to good advan-
tage on a ration consisting of either
yoiHv ac,.y0 ho
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Many Important
Problems Solved
Various State Experiment
Stations Conducting
Farm Projects.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Many Important problems in agri-
culture are being gradually solved by
the experim ent stations and the grist
of knowledge given to the public.
During the year 1924-25 the various
state experiment stations were con-
Quoting projects dealing with 1888 diff
ferent phases of agriculture, an aver
age of ITO projects per station. In
some instances projects are finished
In one year, but in many cases several
years may be required to complete the
Investigations and make the results
applicable to practice.
Wide Range Of Subjects.
A classified list Of the different
projects now being carried on by the
stations has been prepared by the
United States Department Of Agricul-
ture, which shows the wide range Of
subject matter covered by the expert
mental work.
Projects dealing with field crops
lead in number, with a total of 1877.
OF the field crops under study, corn
leads with ITO or more projects, wheat
follows with 1874, potatoes 1872, cotton
80, alfalfa, 49, oats 81, and soy beans
So.
Horticulture comes second with 952
projects, of which over 400 deal with
orchard fruits, the leading fruit being
apples lis and peaches IS; 135 IN
small fruits; 275 with vegetables, the
leading representative Of which is to-
matoes "a IS with ornamentals; and
so with nuts, the largest representa-
tives of which are pecans 20 and wal
nuts ID.
The third largest group is animal
production with 926 projects including
among others poultry 2O5, dairy cattle
191, swine 1S9, sheep and goats 81,
beef cattle ", and horses and mules
IL.
Plant Pathology.
Plant pathology is another large
group, having 482 projects, of which At
deal with potato disease.
Projects in economic entomology
number 372, 3S Of which relate to bees
and % to cotton insects.
In addition to the projects carried
on at the state stations, the stations
maintained by the department at
Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, Guam,
and the Virgin islands have $50
projects, which increases the total to
1858.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
EARM kCTSbe

The most effective method of rid
ding cattle of lice is by dipping.
The wise farmer will keep his eyes
on the wheat market of the world
Help the valuable birds through the
winter. They will repay for your kind
ness next summer.
If you are not receiving the bene-
fits of a systematic rotation now is
the time to plan one.
To adjust production to the demands
of the market is the pertinent prob
lem of farm management.
Scales have proven their value in
the feed rooms, in the COW stables and
many other places on the farm. Do
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Quarters for Pullets

The young poultry stock should be
shooed towards winter quarters by this
time, especially pullets Matched early
enough to begin laying in October.
When the pullets put on their red
combs, they are nearing the period of
egg production, and any disturbance in
quarters at this time will postpone the
laying of the first egg. Have the house
thoroughly cleaned, and plan to get the
birds in gradually hv moving tho brood
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Proper Feed for Pullets

1t is a mistake to let the pullets
forage for themselves. Grain alone
will not supply the necessary feed for
building the framework and the body
of the birds which are to become
part of the future laying flock. A
mash containing liberal supply of
protein and minerals Is needed. Ii
the pullets are on good range they
will not consume so much mash of
this sort as they would without range,
but it should be constantly before
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24

ond and third prizes were awarded.
Cooperating with the Wisconsin
College of Agriculture, the Marshcall
Dairy laboratory conducted the con-
test to determine Wisconsin's most at
tractive cheese factory. The con-
tests were started in 1923 to encour-
age the states cheese manufacturers
in improving the appearance of their
factory sites. 1t was rightly decided
that an excellent product should be
made only in pleasant. surroundings.
Many of the factories had planted
lawns on which flower beds and
shrubs had been tastefully set out.
General clean-ups had been made. The
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
BETTER MARKETS FOR
QUALITY PRODUCTS
triple Seal" Program Is
Adopted by County
Agents.

&SEmA ISCONSIN has three main
RNWNAA planks in her agricul-
EMxtE11t tural platform for 1926
A%l%zz//%/ 1926. They were nailed
~ down under the name of
the Triple Seal" at the
recent conference Of agricultural ex-
tension workers, held at the Wiscon-
sin College of Agriculture.
IF the farm pays In 1926 1t will pay
because the farmer has raised quality
goods in an economical way and has
been able to market his goods in an
orderly manner" X. L. Hatch, head
Of Wisconsin's agricultural extension
forces, has told the 4S county agents
OF the state. These three fundamen-
tai qualities of successful farming
Will identify the farmer who thinks
as well as labors.
Profits Come From Quality
Just how much more money goods
Of high quality bring than those which
are low in quality, is shown In
statement prepared by E. G. Hastings,
bacteriologist in the Wisconsin Col
lege of Agriculture. Two Wisconsin
foreign cheese factories producing
cheese In the same neighborhood are
used by Hastings to uphold his con-
tention that quality goods pay gen.
erous profit
The two factories producing high
quality cheese paid the farmers $1.84
a hundredweight for the milk they
brought in. The other side of the
story showed that the two manufac-
turers of inferior Geese were able to
pay their farmer patrons only S1.48
a hundredweight.
1t Is true that the factory which
produced high-quality cheese was I'M
der slightly greater expense than It's
competing neighbor AS the cooled
milk was brought by the farmers it
was put through clarifier. Incuba-
tors, long recommended by the state
college dairy department, were used
in which were grown the bacteria nee
essary to start batch Of even-qual-
1ty cheese.
But the high quality secured by this
more expensive process brought great
er profits than could be obtained from
carelessly manufactured cheese.
Needs Economical Production.
"The dairy herd" says X. L. Hatch.
-'offers excellent Illustrations Of profit
able and Improbable production" AS
an example he cited the dairy herds
In the area around Elkhorn.
In this locality tests were run on
825 cows, 1t was learned that the
cost of producing 100 pounds of milk
varied from S1.55 to $267. AS would
be expected the cheaper cows proved
the dearer. 1t cost $2.67 to produce a
hundredweight of milk from the cows
who gave 5000 or less pounds of milk
per year. On the other hand, cows
which gave 12,OC0 pounds or more cost
their owners only $155 a hundred
weight of milk.
To show profit when milk sells
for 50 a hundred pounds. which is a
rough yearly average, the owner of
COWS must have animals which pro-
duce 5000 pounds Of milk a year
Such cows yield 100 pounds of milk
at cost of $1S1.
Organize Your Marketing
Hatch points out that the far
sighted dairyman who keeps cows in
the 12,000-pound class receives SLIP
more for 100 pounds of milk. than
does his neighbor with the 5,0OO-pound
cows.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
CHEESE FACTORIES
WIN BEAUTY PRIZES

BY growing a smooth lawn, plant
Ing flower beds and tidying up it's
grounds, the Farmers Pride cheese
factory of Taylor county won first
prize in the recent "Beautify Your
Surroundings" contest.
Of the four counties represented in
the list of grand prize winners, Polk
county appears three times.
Second and third-place winners
were the Fairview Farmers cheese
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24
Elements for Alfalfa

Since alfalfa when inoculated can
gather its nitrogen from the air, a
sound policy is to supply it with The
other mineral elements in a CONNER
cial form rather than through manure,
because the manure can usually be
used more profitably on other fields
which need nitrogen. Nevertheless it
Is very important to apply manure
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-12-24

scores of the factories were based on
the success of these efforts to make
attractive surroundings.
The awards were made by a compe-
tent jury consisting of E. H. Earring
ton of the dairy department and Franz
A. Aust, department of landscape de-
sign, both of the Wisconsin College
of Agriculture, and e. r. Mcintyre.
editor of tho yAylnoovct,, Ir.