davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09
Saving Harness Equipment That
Makes Biz Teams Profitable ON Farms

is unwieldy and difficult to handle
if too large. It is rarely lei with
more than four horses abreast, ex-
cept on drag harrow and summer fall
low slickers.
Types of Harness.
The farmer who drives only four
horses is not greatly interested in
methods for reducing the work and
time for Harvesting and hitching and
their reverse operations. But the
farmer who drives eight or more ami
mails will be interested in shortcuts
that will lessen the time required to
harness and get the animals from the
barn to the implement, and return.
One of the commOnest objections
raised to the big team by the mex
perienced farmer is that it would
take too much time to harness and
handle"
Farmers of the big team sections
of the west have devised a type of
harness which combines lightness,
simplicity and many time saving ad-
vantages. This type of harness is
called "bUtt chain harness." and it
gets it's name from the type of short
tug uged. Other parts of the harness
may vary, but the butt chain tug is
in use in practically all Of these Sec
tions. No one distinct type of har-
ness is demanded in big team farm
ing, yet experience proves that GER
tain arrangements of harness are q
big advantage.
The standard big team butt chair
harness is distinct both for the butt
chain type of traces and also for 9th.
er labor saving arrangements, such az
hips straps, tug supports, snaps in
stead of buckets. The tugs on tn,
butt chain harness, instead of ex
tending from the hame to the single
tree, extend only to the horse
thighs. The leatherpart of such
tug is usually so inches long, and tn
standard type Of butt chain, which
extends from this tug to the single
tree, is two feet and six inches il
length.
The tug may be attached to tn
butt chain in several ways. However
the Dee Fastener, in which the but
chain is snapped, gives the best salts
faction. A harness equipped wit
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

standard equipment in the big team
farming sections.
There is an advantage in this type
of team because of the added cool
ness of the animals in hot weather,
and in the freedom Of each animal
while working. There is less danger
of tramping on feet, especially in
turning, and it makes hitching a
more simple operation. Many believe
that the farther a team is away from
the implement, the less will be its
pulling power, but this is not neces-
sarily true if the proper angle Of
draft is maintained on the traces Of
all teams.
In bunch teams, the animals are
driven more than two abreast. Often
there are four or more animals
abreast, the common tWelYe-hOrse
team having three rows of animals
fOur-abreast. AS many as SO horses
are often used in bunch teams on the
combine. These big bunch teams,
with properly arranged lines, buck
straps, connecting chains and equal
lied bitches, may be driven as easily
as a twO-hOrse team.
Abreast teams are those where al
animals are driven abreast, all pull
ing on one common bar or double.
tree. The writer has seen IA horses
hitched abreast, all hitched by means
of chains and dOuble-trees to a tele
phone pole, which in turn was at
tached to the implement. This team
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

with buck straps attached, weighs
from &c to "a pounds. The regular
farm harness, with britching and
lines, weighs in the neighbOrhOOd of
95 pounds, while a heavy dray or
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

It is used to define the entire group
of animals, and also used to deignate
certain parts of that group. Thus a
bunch team is composed of a lead
team, wheel team and perhaps one or
more swing teams.
The wheel team is the group Of an
finals nearest the implement; the
lead team is the group in the lead,
and any team between the wheel and
the lead teams is called the swing
team. The swing teams are generally
designated as "first swing team -
second swing team" etc., the mum
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09
TESTING OF COWS
SHOWS BIG PROFIT

(FrOm the Montana State College,.
THE COW testing association
movement which has developed
\ rapidly in the last few years has
done more to increase the productiv-
ity of the dairy COW than has any 9TH
err single factor, according to J. O..
Tretsven, extension service dairy spe-
cialist. In his report on Montana
COW testing associations for July Of
this year, Mr.. Tretsven says that in
creased production has come through
wedding, breeding and better feed
ing.
wherever these COW testing or
carnations have been active there
has been a marked increase in the
milk and fat yield per cow" he says.
1--WE find this thing happening in
Montana today. During the first
year of the Bitter Root Cow Testing
association the average production
per COW vas 6,3S7.9 pounds of milk
and 261.9 pounds Of butter fat. This
is an increase in n year of 4,242
pounds Of milk and 1915 pounds Of
fat for the 500 COWS tested, or a to-
tai Of 1920 pounds Of fat.
"Figuring this fat at forty cents
der UOun4 TIC 4MSACanD4 value "a TIC
product is $4,28S. Only about one
fourth Of this amount was paid out
for COW testing work by these farm
ers. IN addition to the benefit Of in
creased fat production there was an
increase in skim milk or whey, which
in some cases had considerable val
ne as a feed for calves, pigs and
poultry.
"There is also considerable benefit
from the work through the checking
on the efficiency Of the cream separa-
tor, the adoption Of better feeding
and management practices, and in the
knowing Of the productive capacity
Of each COW Of the herd. This en-
ables dairymen to select offspring
of the highest producers.
Increased production, cheaper
productionj is the result in the com
munity Of COW testing work, where IL
it ID. carried on over a period Of years
There is no question that the COW
Testing association Isl a most va1uabl,
organization in the Development d
the dairy herd"
Mr.. Tretsven's report shows TIL
Bitter Root association Co lead al
others in average production, witt
I82.6 pounds Of fat per COW. The high
est producing COW was. Ruth, OWneI
bv Jude Huber of Cascade county
this HOlstein producing 2s542 pound
lof milk and T1.1 pounds of butterfal
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

tug Dees and butt chains with snaps
may have a trace carrier attached to
the harness OH the horses rump and,
when desired, the tug chains may be
left snapped to- the tug Dee when not
in use. When so equipped, the butt
chain harness serves for all pratical
purposes as a heel chain harness.
Sometimes a swivel snap is at
tached and used instead of the sim
pie Dee, the links of the butt chain
being snapped into it. The objec-
ton to this is that snap may easily
get caught on objects with which it
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

inconvenient only when the teamster
changes to a new implement with
out transferring his equalized hitch,
which is not likely to happen often.
In using the butt chain harness
in big team outfits, the lines usually
are left off most of the animals, al
though a butt strap may be used in
stead. They are accordingly much
lighter than the ordinary farm har-
ness. The average butt chain big
team harness without lines, ETC., but
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

would have to crowd in between the.
horses to hook them up. The tugs
are permanently held up by hip
straps so that in unhitching the on
ly operation is in dropping or att
taching the butt chain. There are,
therefore, no tugs coming down to
be stepped upon or to slap the horses
legs.
-.--NOte-Article No. Three on big
Teams" will appear in the next issue
Of this paper.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

bers beginning with the first team
ahead Of the wheel team.
The string team consists Of pairs
Of animals hitched in line with the
load. This is the type Of a team used
by the freighter of the pioneer days,
and the pairs of horses are usually
hitched by some kind Of equalizer,
onto a draft chain which passes down
between them. Ten head Of animals
hitched to a three-bOttOm plOw is
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

CHICAGO CATTLE statesmen
Charles o. Robinson A. w. Thomas Leo
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

likely to take place while a team,
hitched to a wagon, is going down
hill with the tugs swinging loose.
Butt chains are of different types.
A butt chain that is light and strong
and having both a swivel and a well
constructed snap is particularly re-
commended. This type of harness is
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09
TREASURE STATE FARM AND LIVESTOCK

comes in contact. The old fashioned
type of butt chain harness attached
the tug to the chain by means of a
hook. However, the objection 20 the
hook is the same as with the swivel
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

wagon harness often weighs "A to
SO pounds. The lighter harness is a
distinct advantage in Harvesting.
The butt chain harness is much
lighter than the ordinary harness
and the short tugs do away with the
necessity of fastening up the tugs at
unhitching time when the driver
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

snap, that it may get caught on the
harness of another horse or on parts
of an implement, and also because
the butt chain itself car easily be-
come unlocked. This is especially
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09
FrOm the Montana State College,
(This is the second Of the sert-
les of "Big Team a~rticIes.l

:" HE TYPES Of big teams 70 be
considered in these articles may
4 be classified under three heads:
string teams, bunch teams and
abreast teams.
The word team" is rather hard
to define properly, since it may mean
two or more animals driven together.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-10-09

Do not hurry; do not furry;
nothing good is got by worry.
Evening star., 1925-01-11
NOTRE DAME ELEVEN
ENJOYED COAST TRIP

CHICAGO, January 10.--Foot ball
heroes of Notre Dame, happy over
their victory over Stanford, in Pase-
deua New Year day, but making no
complaint as to treatment accorded ID
dred followers upon their arrival here
yesterday.
Harry Stuhldreher, all American
quarterback, left the train on
crutches and his left foot in d east
as a result of broken bone in his
ankle. Capt Adam Walsh carried a
big silver foot ball, emblematic>, S, of
the national gridiron championship.
Asked how they were treated,
Huntzinger, star end of the team, re-
piled:
Great; we haven't complaint to
make
Referring to the steel brace worn by
Jim Lawson, the Stanford star, Hunt
Finger, said:
He wore it for about half of the
game before they made him take it
off. He got away pretty good until
Bach and Kerny, our tackle and end,
got onto him"
Huntzinger was asked if the Coast
team played any differently from the
others conquered by Notre Dame this
Fall. NO" he said, they were big
ger, that's ALL
Jimmy Crowley, member of the fa-
nous backfield quartet, was left on
lowing the contest.
Evening star., 1925-01-11
COLLEGE BASKET BALL

At Observation-Disclosures "a
Catholic University, IS.
At AnnapOlis-Nayy, 2OI Penn, II.
At New Brunswick-Lehigh 40;
Rutgers. 3S.
At ChiCaao-IIiinOis,2 II; Chicago, I6
At Macon-Mercer, 2S, F'urmnn, 10.
At Minnen enpciis-Minnesota, 10
WiEccnYin, II.
AT CoIumbus-Ohio Strte. 80; In
diann, -.
At Ann Arbor-MichigaB, 70; North
western, 10.
At AkrOn-Akron, 81; Case, II.
At Athen>-Ohio University, "a;
Cincinnati University, ~.
At OberIfn--Oberlin, 81, Hiram, II.
At GtinneII, Iowa-GrinneIi, 70;
Missouri, ~.
At Lexington. Na.-BridEewater
10; Virginia Military Institute, IT.
At CIeveiand-Western Reserve
SO: Baldwin W nIInce. II.
At New IOrk-Princeton, "a; CO.
iumbia, I5.
At BIaeEsburE-y. p. L., 30; Con-
Ccrd state Normal, II.
At Hanover-Dnrtmout 23; Yale
At Des Moines-kansas, 30, Drake
At FrankEin-Franklin 20; NOtre
Dame, -.
At ChnrIottcsvillc-yir 20
Lynchburg College. ID.
At AtIanta-CIemsop, 20; Georgia
Tech, 1S.
At Yellow Springs, Ohio-Denison
~, Antioch. f2.
At KnoxyiIIe--Tenne Is; Mis-.
sissippi. IL.
Evening star., 1925-01-11

year: Dave Welchel, a regular at
Western last sea son; Ham Adams, CEN
ter at Tech a year ago; Lewis Thomas $,
Joe Woodward and A. De Marco who
went to Tech but were not prominent
in the court game; Tom Stephen and
Young Mel" Merrill, who subbed at
Western, and J. S. Davidson, who man
aged the Red and White outfit; Fred
Linkous, j. j. DeRyan and Donald
Stubbs, who performed for Highland
tMd) High; Irving Greenlaw, who
played for Rideewood IN. j. High.
and John Leatherman and Samuel
Winterberg, young giants with no ex-
perience. who came from Thurmont.
(Md) High and Grantsville (Md.)
High, respectively.
The schedule is a follows:
January lk-Businecs High lin pfternocr) (;
HyattSville High preliminary to Varsity La
fayette game).
January l7-Catholic University freshmen
January 2l-Catholic University freshmen at
Broukand preliminary TO Mary Catholic Q.
Varsity camel.
January 22-Central High at Central
January 2S-St. Adams
January 29-Tech High.
January 3l-Navy PlebeS at Anna polls.
February l2-Baltmore Poly at lG4th Regi-
ment Armory IN Baltimore preliminary to
Varsity Princeton game).
February l6-Western High.
Evening star., 1925-01-11
BOTH CUNTS AT C. U.
MEET WITH DEFEAT

Catholic University basketers, var
sity and freshmen, suffered their first
defeats of the season last night, but
thay figured i'm two red-hot games at
Brookland before having their colors
Lowered
The Brookland varsity dropped a
stirring game to Davis Elkins Col
lege. the West Nirginians winning,
"a to is, while Western High called
a halt on the victorious march of the
L. L. yearlings. - TO 81. The varsity
while the freshmen had a winning
streak of much larger proportions.
The main game was Il speedy affair
from the outset to the finish, with
the invaders gaining the edge by
being a little more proficient in their
shooting, the work of Mckinney and
Christy each of whom got three court
goals, being the margin of difference
IN the two combinations.
The game was a nip-and-tuck affair
from the beginning, the lead alter
mating several times in the first 20
minutes of play, with the visitors
leading 10 to at half time, due to
spurt Just prior TO the intermis-
sion.
Davis Elkins went well ahead in
the second half, and with only sin
minutes to play was setting the pace.
- to IS. Here the Brooklanders
staged a rally, but it was halted
before il had done any real harm
to the visitors.
Western got off to a big early lead
in the game with the. freshmen, bus
the Brookland youngsters came back
strong in the second half and all but
oVerhauled the high school lads.
Scores of the big game:
Evening star., 1925-01-11

OF the four teams in action, tnose
opposed in the morning portion of the
program were superior to the after
noon contenders Eastern and Cen
trail frequently revealed knowledge OF
team play that ought to stand them
in good stead in future matches in
the series. Tech and business We're
more haphaZard in their play, each
seemingly depending upon the bril-
liancy of an individual. Tech pinned
it's hopes upon Councillor, a little for
ward shot into the fray in the second
quarter, while Business apparently
tried to build it's attack around the
stocky Laefsky, also a forward
Councillor Stars for Tech.
Each of these boys gave an excel
lent account OF himself in the after
noon. Councillor really flashed more
brilliant exhibition than did Laefsky,
and probably without its able little
goal shot Tech would have garnered
only the short end of the score. Coun-
cilor cut the cords for more than half
of Techs point total, registering five
double -deckers and sinking the ball
four times with free shots. He was
the only one of Techs players who
seemed to realize that well aimed
shots were more apt to bring results
than snap throws. Although speedy
in his work, Councillor carefully meas
ured each toss before making his
heave.
There was little to choose between
Tech and Business throughout their
fray Both teams opened play eau
tiously, and as a result only three
points were recorded in the initial
quarter, all going TO Business. Tech
came to life in the second quarter
after Councillor was rushed into its
nd har L. 40 liy,lx n Of
forts Business held only an s-to-7 ad-
vantage at half time. More good
work by Councillor put Tech ahead
20 to 16, at the close of the third
quarter. Early in the fourth period
Farman and Laefsky tailed Business
two points to knot the count, only
to have Croson and Councillor shoot
Evening star., 1925-01-11
GIRLS SWIM MARKS
ARE GIVEN SANCTION

The list of collegiate and scholastic
national aquatic marks for girls. sane
toned up to December 81, 1924, has
been given out in New York by the
mems college committee on swimming
records.
In furnishing the list the committee
made clear that in passing upon the
girls records it has been acting un-
officially. upon request, pending the
formation of a Woman's organization
TO assume control Of the sport. All
vouchers are on file. however. ready
to be turned over to such an organ
ization so soon as launched
The list follows:
Collegiate.
FREE STYLE SWIMMING.
co Foot Pool.
80 yards, 0:25 3-5-Miss Grace Kahrs, Bar
nard College. New York.
PLUNGE FOR DISTANCE,
so feet, O:46 1-5-Miss Alice Van Hoe, De
troit College, Detroit.
Scholastic.
FREE-sTYLE SWIMMING
60-Foot Pool
80 yards. 0:34 3-5-Mss Gertrude Kshrs
George Washington II. s. New York
100 yards, t:15-TIiss Helen Wainwright
800 yards. 800 i-5WMiss Ethel McGary,
Evander Chiids II. $. New York
7j-Foot Pool.
30 yards. OBI 1-5-Miss Helen Wainwright
Newtown II. s., Sewtown, " Y.
100 yards, 1:19 4-5-Miss Frances Cooney,
Flushing II. s. Flushing. y. Y.
go yards, 3:Os 4-5-Miss Ethel McGary
Evander Childs II. s.. New York.
BACK-STRoKE SWIMMING.
80 yards. 0:42 2-a-Miss Lillian Stoddard
Flushing H. s.. Flushing, n Y.
BREAST- STROKE SWIMMING.
75-Foot Pool
80 yards. O:39 4-5-Miss Dorothy Andre
Southeastern H. s., Detroit.
PLUNGE FOR DISTANCE.
0-c-minutc time limit.
e. feet. S inches-Miss Dorothy McWood
Eorthern n s Detroit
Evening star., 1925-01-11
Here for College Tossers Eastern and Tech Title Series Winners
SCHOOL FIvES MAY USE
CATHOLIC u. GYMNASIUM

High school baskefers, who
started their annual championship
series yesterday in the new gym
nasium of George Washington
University, may stage the remain
der of their titular games I'm Gath
ollie Universities big gymnastic
hall mt IiroOkland. The Hatche-
tstcs court. while good for the
teams, is entirely too small 10 ac-
cOmmodate crowds such ns have
attended high school basket ball
contests In past seasons. Ii can
take care of few more than 500
spectators at contest.
The use of Catholic UBiyersIty's
gymnasium has been offered the
high schools for this Winters
gnmes, and the faculty athletic
advisers are 10 consider the OFFER
tomorrow. IL Ii Is accepted, East
ern Will meet Western and Gem
trail will tackle Business at BROOK
land Tuesday.
Evening star., 1925-01-11

Ira Connor, University of Tennessee
athlete; Dan Joseph and Bill Callan
of st. Johns College; Tommy Van
Doren and AL Berres, former Central
High tossers; Fred Mcintyre, for
merly of GonZaga; Spencer Hart. who
starred at Mount st. Joseph's; Dan
Radice and S. p. Shaw.
Girls of the Maryland Athletic Club
are challenging seXtets averaging IS
and II years. The manager may be
reached at Adams 1884 between $50
and 1870.
Pullman Athletic Club tossers play
the Crescent five tomorrow night at
the Railroad Y. NJ C. A at the Union
Station.
The Pullmans registered two wins
during the week, taking the measure
of the Virginia Orioles, 27 to 21, and
defeating the Interstate Commerce
five, 3S to IL.
The Aces scored a decisive victory
over the Huron Midgets, So TO T.
Truxt0n tessers have Cancelled their
game with the Fort Humphreys five
scheduled for today. Tomorrow night
they will play the Hyattsville Guards
on the Armory court at Hyattsville
Evening star., 1925-01-11
GAME AT PASADENA
CLEAN, SAYS THORPE

Injuries sustained by Notre Dame
players as result of their New
Year day game with the Stanford
University eleven prompted the re-
mark by Ed Thorpe of Columbia, who
refereed the contest, that despite its
abrasive effects on the Middle West
team, the intersectional clash was the
"cleanest gridiron battle I have ever
seem
Il have never refereed game
where players put up a cleaner brand
of foot ball or tried harder on both
sides" said Thorpe.
He added that players and coaches
on both sides expressed admiration
for the clean sportsmanship of their
opponents, and paid the referee the
compliment of inviting him to WELD
the whistle for them again next year
Rumors of iil-feeling among actual
participants in the Stanford game,
growing out of the Notre Dame in
juries or the four inches by which
Stanford missed a touchdown, struck
Thorpe as at odds with the facts
Evening star., 1925-01-11
DEWITT SWIMMERS LOSE
TO MERCERSBURG TEAM

MERCERSBURG, Pa, January 10
The Dewitt School of Washington,
d. G., lost to Mercersburg Academy
swimming team here today by the
large score of SOLE. This was the
visitors first meet in six weeks, and
they showed the effect of their long
lay-off The relay was closely con-
tested, but the academy team made
up of Reid, South, Robins and Merrill
was successful.
stays of the Capital team, while
Brooksbank, Michael and Reid did
good work for the academy.
Michael's diving was of a high order.
Brooksbank traversed the 50-yard
back stroke in the good time of 35
seconds.
Evening star., 1925-01-11

For their initial contest of the sea-
son the Accountants have plenty OF
material in Jack Boyd, Horse Buckley,
Murdoch, Ritnour, Rudding, Roche,
Jerman, Riley, Breck, Beck, owen and
Spurrier, who are expected to appear
in Post Office uniforms.
The knights have Johannis, for
merly of Notre Dame, at center; Nc
Intyre, Walshe, Dulin and Foley for
the forward positions, and Ryan, Ad-
ans and Pepper at guard.
Both teams are arranging schedules
with senior TENS. Games with the
knights of Columbus five may be
booked through Manager Jack Coyle
at the K. c. Hall between and 3.
Manager Eugene Beck of the Post
Office team is located at &c Bryant
street.
Corby Bakery basketers and the
American Railway Express quint are
scheduled to meet in the Congress
Heights gymnasium this afternoon
The Boys Club Flashes battle with
the Corinthian Midgets in the pre-
liminary which starts at o'clock.
The AlOysius Big Five will oppose
the Peerless Club of Baltimore in the
Gonzaga gymnasium at o'clock
Joe Johannis, Jerry LiveSey, Pat Nc
Nulty and Jack Russell have recently
been added to the I street squad and
will make their first appearance
under Aloysius colors this afternoon
Quincy and Yosemite tossers will
clash at o'clock.
Eastern Athletic Club basketers are
slated to invade the Fort Humphreys
court today.
The Commerciad National Bank is
entering a team In the race for Dis
trict honors. Lee Hart, forme
Georgetown University basket ball
star. has rounded up an aggregation
of passers that promises to furnish
some lively competition for the
quints now claiming honors in senior
RANKS.
Among those who are expected to
perform under the banks colors are:
Evening star., 1925-01-11
CORNELL u. GETS EGAN
TO COACH BATTERYMEN

Arthur F. c'Ben"D Egan, recently
signed as an assistant to Wilbert
Robinson, manager of the Brooklyn
National League base ball club, has
been engaged by Cornell University
for indoor coaching of it's base ball
battery candidates.
Egan was for years prominent as a
lass A minor league catcher. and saw
American League service with Boston
md Cleveland. lie was assistant TO
Stanley Harris-at Wash ington during
the first half of the 1924 season.
Evening star., 1925-01-11
KEEN CONTESTS STAGED
BY HIGH SCHOOL CUNTS
Business Gives Manual Trainers Hard Fight Before
Sustaining 23-to-2I Loss-Capitol Hill Team
Downs Central in 2I-to-17 Struggle.

HUINTS OF Eastern and Tech
high championship ball
x hcadway George Washington Unverstys
with Central Business crowdng another the
celia
the Centraes 2l
morning while
to n afternoon.
remaining OF the will make debut
against Red White will play
quality high times the inaugural of
the girls the rival edge all the