davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Lice and Mite Control
Helps Egg Production

To get the most out Of your poultry,
It Is essential that the hens be kept
free of lice and mites, as they hinder
egg production, and lower the vitality
of the birds. Now is the time to rid
the flock of all pests Sodium fuoride
has been found to be the most effec-
tive treatment.
Sodium f1uoride may be applied by
what is known as the pinch method. A
small pinch Of the duoride Is carefully
rubbed into the skin on different parts
of the body. One pinch should be ap-
piled on the back, one on each thigh
and one under each wing. This treat
ment will destroy all lice in four or
FIVE days. One pound will cost about
35 cents and should be enough to apply
by pinch method to about 100 birds,
says D. H. Hall, extension poultry hus-
bandman at Clemson college.
The chicken mites make their home
In the house and nesting quarters, SO
it is necessary to treat. these in order
to keep the mites in check. The best
remedy for mites is old auto crank
case oil thinned down with an equal
part Of kerosene. The roosting and
nesting quarters should be thoroughly
sprayed in order to prevent the mites
from living over the winter. A good
busting and spraying now will save
great deal of trouble next spring.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Using Rape as Pasture
for Cattle and Calves

Rape may be used as pasture for
cattle but there is danger of bloat
This danger is not SO prevalent at
first because the animals usually have
to acquire taste for the plant before
they will eat large amounts of it, but
when they have become accustomed
to it the danger of bloat is always
present Milk cows being pastured on
rape are usually given heavy feed
of grain before being turned on the
field so they will not eat so much Of
it. Plenty of salt should also tie fur
nished animals that are feeding on
rape. 1t would not be wise to pasture
young calves on rape because of the
danger of bloat and also because they
pull up many of the plants, causing a
great deal of waste. The best way to
feed rape to cattle is to cut it and
then feed it to prevent waste.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Silo Supplies Roughage
Needed on Dairy Farms

That the average dairy farmer is
bound to be short of roughage this
year is the general opinion of men in
touch with the situation. To prevent
this shortage Iowa State college sug-
gests that the silo offers one of the
best ways of stretching out the hay
supply.
while silage will not entirely take
the place of legume hays in the ration
Of the dairy cow" says John M. Shaw,
of the dairy husbandry department,
experimental work has shown that 1t
will save considerable hay and at the
same time will reduce the cost of milk
and butterfat production.
"There is still time to build a silo
and have it ready for filling this fall,
and there is probably no more profit
able investment which dairyman can
make"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Provide Green Food for
Poultry While Confined

The best way to supply green food
for fowls that are confined in yards is
to have two yards for each flock. In
one of them may be grown any kind
Of green food, such as oats, rye, wheat,
corn, mustard, millet, etc. Turn the
fowls on the green food and then sow
the other plot, so as to permit it to
grow during the time the hens are
consuming the green food on the first
plot.
In this manner a large amount OF
green food can be provided at small
cost. 1t is not only the large animals
that improve and give good results on
grass, vegetables and clover, but the
hens will also be benefited as well if
given the liberty of a good range over
clover.
A grass plot in which clover pre-
dominates is really better than one of
mixed grasses. The large proportion
of nitrogen and lime in clover helps
induce the hens to lag and keep
healthy.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20

the crate and also aid in loading and
unloading of the animal
With a handsaw, a hammer, a
square and pencil, lumber and nails,
box for saw horse and the build
ing guide given in Wisconsin Circular
153, any farmer can easily build a ship
ping crate which will safely carry
sheep, hogs or cattle to their desti-
nation. Wisconsin stocBmen may Sc
cure copies of the circular from the
Wisconsin College Of Agriculture.
The durability of the crates will be
greatly increased If proper care Is
given the crate when not in use. 1t
has been proven that the holding
power of nails is decidedly decreased
with alternate wetting and drying of
the wood. To prevent this the crates
should be stored in dry place inside
covered sheds. Following each trip
crates should always be thoroughly
cleaned, and never be allowed to rest
on the ground when in storage.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Hill Selection of Seed
Potatoes Is Satisfactory

A large number of pairs of plants
tubers were grown under as nearly the
same conditions as possible and were
compared for yield at the Geneva
experiment station. Wide differences
were found in the yields, ranging from
nothing to 141.S per cent of the aver
age yield of the two plants of the
pair, with an average difference of 23.4
per cent. This rather unexpected re-
suit Is said to Indicate that there are
probably important factors affecting
the yield Of potatoes which are un-
known or which are not now fully APP
preciated. An unequal number Of
stalks per plant is known to have been
an important cause of the differences
in yield noted in the station expert
ments.
1t is believed that these wide differ
ences in yield. of plants from halves of
the same seed tuber which would ordi-
narily be expected to be quite uniform,
show that the Improvement of pota-
toes by the hill selection method can
not be carried to full perfection.
''The usual farm practice of selecting
seed potatoes from the best yielding
hills should not be affected by these
findings" says the experts, "as they
are of interest primarily to the expert
or to those attempting to develop i'm
proved strains of potatoes. Selecting
seed potatoes from high-yielding hills
has been thoroughly demonstrated as
a satisfactory method for maintaining
high yields"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Starting Sweet Clover
With Corn in the Fall

Starting sweet clover in corn at
time of last cultivation is good
practice provided it can be done.
There is rarely season, however,
when sweet clover or any other Of
the clovers give a good stand when
sown in corn at this time. II the sea-
son is very favorable, with consider
able rainy weather, stand is some
times secured. AS rule, not much Of
this clover is alive the following
spring, though sometimes it gets
through the winter.
On some land it is much easier to
get sweet clover started with corn
than on other types of land. A soil
may be poor for corn but rich for
sweet clover, and on such land it is
comparatively easy to get the clover
started with corn; but on good corn
land that will grow 80 bushels or
more of corn, it does not pay to de-
pend on getting sweet clover started
in the cornheld.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Fight Weeds for
Vegetable Garden
Often Becomes Unsightly
Weed Patch Rather Than
Productive Spot.


1t Is too often the common fate of
the summer garden in North Carolina
to become an unsightly weed patch
rather than a productive spot adding
to the health and income of the fam
lily.
eve should not allow this to Oc-
cur" says Glenn o. Randall, extension
horticulturist for the North Carolina
State College of Agriculture. Fresh
vegetables form a rich and cheap
source of those protective foods so
badly needed in the daily diet. These
foods are needed just as badly in the
hot weather of midsummer as in the
vigorous days of early spring, and it
is possible to haf a continuous sup
ply of succulent vegetables during hot
weather"
Shallow Cultivation.
To do this, however, Mr.. Randall
suggests that the growing vegetables
must be given shallow cultivation fire.
quently enough to maintain a thin soil
mullen and to kill weeds and grass.
Then, too, the refuse from the spring
vegetables must be cleaned out If dis
ease was present or composted if free
from disease and the space occupied
by this refuse planted to a succession
Of vegetables.
Some crops that will Withstand the
hot weather are snap beans, lima
beans, sweet corn, cabbage, tomatoes,
New Zealand spinach and cucumbers.
1t is hardly possible to have good
supply of the salad crops or greens"
such as lettuce, as they will not thrive
in hot weather; but New Zealand
spinach will help to supply this need.
Late Cabbage Planting.
Mr.. Randall states that it is now
time to plant seed for the late crop of
cabbage, such as the Succession and
All-Season varieties. Plants for late
crop of tomatoes should also be set
out, using, preferably, the wilt-resis-
tant varieties.
Remember" says Mr.. Randall, 'the
consumption Of green vegetables every
day serves as protection against
sickness by aiding in maintaining the
vitality through the hot weather Of
midsummer"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Mineral Mixtures Help

There are on the market number
of commercial mineral mixtures which
have recently been especially COM
pounded for poultry feeding. 1t will
probably be the easiest for the aver
age poultryman TO secure his minerals
by purchasing them in this form. BE
sure that YOU are getting Well-known
mixture, and feed it strictly according
to instructions. Most of these mineral
mixtures contain, in addition to those
mentioned above, other mineral ele-
ments, such as sulphur, which un-
douhtedly have definite place.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
POULTRY
FATS
GRADING OF EGGS
BY THE PRODUCER

w. 81. Lapp of Iowa State college, In
discussing this problem, recommends
that the grading of eggs be put on
basis of simplicity and practicability
to the producer by adopting two grades
on the eggs which he sells to the
dealer rather than the more compli-
Gated grades into which the eggs are
finally divided before going to the
trade. These grades are: No. /,
which shall be eggs of good quality, of
clean shell and fair size; grade 2.
shall consist Of all small eggs weigh
Ing less than 10 ounces to the dozen.
also all dirties, cracks and washed
eggs.
All eggs are Of equally good quality
when laid. However, If they are to
reach the market In good condition the
first step must be taken by the pro-
Queer in seeing that they get proper
care and handling. The kind of eggs
produced is influenced by the quality
of the poultry. A standardized flock
is necessary If the eggs are to run
uniform. In selecting eggs for incu-
baton it is equally essential to Keep
the type of egg in mind so as to i'm
prove the uniformity of the eggs laid
by the flock.
The primary factors affecting quail
ity of eggs are soundness, cleanliness
and color Of shell; the size cf the egg,
uniformity in size and color OF shell.
Other factors that influence quality
are proper storage frequent market
ing and the production of infertile
eggs. Infertlle eggs are especially de-
sirable in summer for the heat often
starts fertile eggs to incubating with
a resulting loss in quality.
Attention to the packing of eggs for
market is also means OF reducing
loss. Generally the best plan is to
use the 3O-dozen containers or the or
binary egg cases. This is better than
bringing the eggs to tow in baskets
which results in heavy breakage,
From the standpoint of the pro-
Queer the grading of eggs is a step in
the right direction. If the majority
of farmers will adopt the practice it
will not be long before the produce
dealers will pay better price for
graded eggs than for ungraded stock or
ordinary farm-run. Eggs that are I'M
suitable for market on account Of size,
color. ETC., can be used at home, as
they are just as desirable as first
grade for immediate use.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Sheep Business Subject
to Market Fluctuations

The sheep business, like all other in
dustries, Is subject to market fluctua-
ton, periods of low prices being fol-
lowed by higher prices and lucrative
returns. Since the last depression in
1922 sheep have been one Of the most
profitable classes of farm live stock.
Many express the opinion, therefore,
that after this year we will see lower
prices. No doubt there will be con-
siderable fiuctuation in the market and
dry weather may cause sufficient
liquidation to temporarily demoraIize
the market this fall. This should, if it
develops, provide an excellent oppor-
tunity to lay the foundation for farm
flock and at the same time should be
an incentive to every man who is in
the business to retain his flock if at all
possible to do so.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Whitewash Still Is
Oldest of Paints
No New Material Found
to Supersede It.

Though whitewash is one of the old
est paints used in American agricul-
ture for the interiors of barns and
other buildings, no new material has
ever threatened to supersede it.
"This is largely because whitewash
is cheap, easy to prepare, and has I'M
dergone process of Improvement"
says e. r. Gross, rural engineer, New
Jersey College of Agriculture. White
wash cleans and disinfects in addition
to giving buildings wholesome, pleas
ing appearance.
Quicklime is still the basic sub
stance used in making whitewash, but
years Of experience have resulted in a
formula that includes a few cheap sub
stances which greatly improve the dis
injecting qualities and durability Of
the mixture. What is commonly known
as the government formula is excel
lent:
Half bushel (31 lbs.) of quick-lime or
water.
One peck (15 lbs.) of salt dissolved
in 4 gallons of hot water.
Three pounds of ground rice boiled
to thin paste.
One pound of clear glue dissolved in
one gallon of warm water.
Half pound of Spanish whiting dis
solved with the glue.
The lime is slaked in a barrel or
tub. The salt water is then added, fol-
lowed by the glue and whiting mixture
and, finally, the rice paste. The entire
batch requires thorough stirring.
Twelve ounces of alum added to this
mixture acts as hardener and makes
it stick better. To increase the gloss
two or three bars of laundry soap
may be added. There is an advantage
in applying whitewash while it is hot.
Care should be taken not to apply it
too thick, as it will then crack and
scale
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20

were built too short for the animal,
with the result that the head of the
animal projected outside Of the crate
during transit. In the standard crate
this trouble has been eliminated. The
sheep and hog crate Is built long
enough for the whole animal and the
COW crate is built with a stanchion
inside rather than at the end of the
crate.
Feeding provisions are also made for
extra long trips on the road. The in
side stanchion allows plenty of space
for hay and grain in front of the cow.
A small trough can be placed in the
hog crate, a feed bag can be tied to
the crate ahead of the sheep.
Prevent Broken Legs.
In the newly designed crate the dan
ger of an animal breaking leg by
pushing 1t through the side Of the
crate has been eliminated. The lower
Stats are nailed close together for at
least one foot up from the floor.
An end gate which is easily handled
is another extremely desirable feature
of a good live stock shipping crate.
Crates which have the Stats pulled off
and renailed frequently soon become
weakened and do not hold as well.
End gates simplify the construction of
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20

The dryness of sandwiches will not
be Objectionable If plenty of radishes
and lettuce is furnished by the gar
den. Homemade pickles are always a
treat.
Lemonade is commonly known as
picnic drink for children; but If the
lemons are net on hand one may use
the juices Of garden fruits and berries
instead. Milk drinks make another
popular picnic drink and they may be
kept cool in bottles at nearby spring.
They are generally made by adding
fruit sirups to fresh, whole milk.
Fresh berries may be the picnic des-
sert. If the family prefers shortcake,
individual biscuits may be made the
day before or while the main dish is
being prepared in the morning. If Ice
is available the father and some of
the children may want to make Ice
cream In which there are raspberries,
strawberries or other fruits.
Save TabIecloths.
Time and energy in laundering
tablecloths will be saved the busy
farm woman If she purchases an a.
cloth tablecloth especially for picnics.
Such cloth may be washed off easily
after each picnic and has the advan-
tage Of not being blown about easily
with the wind
Another picnic tabIecloth may be
made of, newspapers. If one wishes
daintier tablecloth the farm woman
may purchase roll of plain white
print paper at the newspaper office.
Such paper may be obtained in wide
sheets or rolls and is often used for
church suppers, for large family par
ties and for haying, threshing or silo-
filling crews
TO save time washing dishes, mex
pensiye paper napkins, plates, spoons,
forks, cups, sauce dishes and straws
for lemonade and milk drinks are now
available for picnickers.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
EkRM AC..T.Se:
Weeds sap the soil.

Weeds sap the soil.
Wasch the watermelon vines for
anthracnose.
Lime scattered on the fields makes
a good foundation for the whole farm.
Watch cornfelds for root and ear
rot. Select healthy stalks for seed
corn.
After crops are laid by make trip
to good farms to see how they are do
ing things.
Tests show that scrub hogs require
&c per cent more feed than pure breds
to make 100 pounds of gain.
Removing the harness at noon and
washing the work horses shoulder
with cold water adds to his efficiency.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20

the Wisconsin College of Agriculture
and officials of the Wisconsin Live
Stock Breeders association agreed
that there are three essentials for a
good crate The crate must be light
in weight, of proper size and construc-
tion to protect the animal during
transit, and durable
Best Woods for Crates.
Authorities list white pine, aspen,
Eastwood, cottonwood, cypress, chest
nut, jack pine, Norway pine, spruce,
western yellow pine and yellow poplar
as desirable woods to use. Harder
woods may also be used, hut they are
more difficult to nail and heavier in
weight.
The floor has been one of the weak
points in crate construction in the past.
TO avoid this difficulty the floor Of the
standard crate is laid crosswise on
twO-inch by two-inch skids.
The greatest trouble with many
crates in the past has been that they
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Crown of Alfalfa Plants
Is Close to the Ground

Young alfalfa plants have a sort of
a crown close to the top of the ground
A horse or a sheep will bite off the
young plants below the crown during
the first fall and winter and kill the
plants. Cattle do not crop so close
to the ground but they do eat the tops
that should be left there every winter
for protection and to hold the snow.
Alfalfa stays green under the snow all
winter, not very green, but still there
is some color near the ground on
every crown. A few warm days and
the green shows more and then it
dies back slightly with the next cold
snap. If the stock are even allowed
to run over the alfalfa field when the
weather is cold they will break off the
tops of the plants and kill quite per-
centage of all the plants they touch.
Fence is cheaper than reseeding al
falfa.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Need Uniformity
in States Rules
Poultry Industry Retarded
by Great Difference in
Regulations.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
The poultry-breeding industry of the
United States is making a determined
effort to bring harmony out of the con-
fusion that now exists because of the
differences in the rules and regulations
applied to certif1catiOn and accredita-
tion of f1ocks in the various states. I'm
der present conditions when prospec-
tive purchaser of Matching eggs, baby
chicks, or breeding stock comes across
the word accredited" or certified in
connection with the advertised flOcks,
he does not know just what factors
were taken into consideration to certify
or accredit these flocks, unless he is
familiar with the regulations govern
ing such work in each state. The
great difference in methods, plans, and
rules governing the accreditation and
certification of poultry in the different
states Is serving to retard the progress
sive development of the industry and in
unfairly shielding some breeders whose
fiocks are certified under less stringent
rules than others.
Difference in Regulations.
At present there are % states which
have adopted regulations for certifica-
ton and generalization of fiOckS. The
difference that exists between the regu-
lations in these states is seen in the
case of baby chicks. In one. state
chicks are sold by grade based on the
production of the parents; in another
case two grades of chicks are offered,
one grade being from accredited focks
that are not tested for bacillary white
diarrhea, and the other grade from
fiocks that have been tested and are
found free from the disease. In an
other state chicks are sold on basis
of four grades according to the grading
Of the adult birds, and the grading OF
the adult birds is based on their gen.
eral qualities. Still another sells .certi-
fed as we'll as two other grades of
chicks the certified chick being pro-
duced from certified males mated to
certified females, while of the other
two grades the first are chicks pro
duced from old hens mated TO certified
cockerels, and the second grade are
chicks produced from certified pullets
ruated to certified cockerels.
Committee Makes Survey.
The general committee appointed to
cooperate with the poultry office OF
the United States Department of Ag-
riculture has made a survey in which
this same degree of difference in state
rules and regulations was found to
exist in regard to Matching eggs and
breeding stock as well rs baby chicks.
The committee is of the opinion that II
the states can get together to discuss
these differences much can be done to
stabilize the poultry-breeding industry
Also, from the standpoint of interstate
commerce in Matching eggs, bacy chicks
and breeding stock, the committee feels
that uniformity in the state rules and
regulations concerning the accredita.
tiOn-certification work is necessary il
poultrymen are to retain this business
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-20
Minerals Assist Chicks
in Building Framework

The science of feeding growing
chicks has developed by leaps and
bounds during the last few years. The
discovery Of vltamins and their rela-
ton to poultry feeding, the Importance
of clean yards and plenty Of green feed
have made the business of growing
poultry more economically successful.
During the last few years more at.
tention has been conferred upon the i'm
portance of new element in the ra-
ton for growing chicks-minerals or
inorganic material Minerals supply
three distinct functions in the chicks
ration. They go to build bone, which
is the framework of the future puIlet
or cockerel. A good skeleton is one
half the battle, because on it must be
attached the meat and in it must be
carried the organs Of reproduction,
which produce the marketable product,
the egg.
Minerals also have been found by
scientific tests to aid materially in the
digestion of other foods. Lastly, min
erals have been found to exercise a
very definite relation in building up
natural resistance and immunity
against disease
This is probably accomplished by
keeping the birds in perfect physical
condition.
What minerals to feed and how to
feed them becomes the problem of the
feeder of growing chickens during the
summer, so that the pullets may be in
the pink of condition as to size and
vigor for the heavy winter lay.