davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Dried Buttermilk Used
in Egg-Laving RationS

Dried buttermilk is comparatively
high in price, but it's feeding value is
also high and can be used to advan-
tage in egg-laying rations. Here is a
mash recommended by Iowa State
college, which contains dried butter
milk: One hundred pounds finely
ground corn, 100 pounds finely ground
oats, 100 pounds wheat bran, 100
pounds flour middlings, 80 pounds
dried buttermilk, 20 pounds bone meal,
so pounds 60 per cent tankage, 5
pounds salt In connection with this
mash the college recommends 200
pounds shelled corn and 100 pounds
oats for the scratch, grain. In fac1,
that is the scratch grain the college al
most always uses for It's layers. There
are times when wheat bran and -four
middlings may be relatively too high
in price to make them economical
feeds. When that obtains more ground
oats may be fed than is recommended
in the ration mentioned. For example,
$50 pounds ground corn and $50
pounds finely ground oats, together
with the dried buttermilk, tankage,
bone meal and salt mentioned, would
perhaps give equally good results.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Cost Of Fertilizer Can
Be Reduced hy Legumes

"Grow more legumes and let nature
take care Of your fertilizer needs.
Let the air help pay your fertilizer
bill.'
This is the suggestion soil and crop
specialists of the Georgia State Col
lege of Agriculture make to help keep
the cost of fertilizer down. Nitrogen
is the most expensive constituent IN
factory mixed fertilizer, they say, and
economy necessitates the using OF a
part of the unlimited quantities OF
nitrogen found in the air over Georgia
farms.
The clovers and vetches have been
found to make available about Sixty
pounds of nitrogen per acre, and wnen
the whole crop is turned under, the
fertilizing value is equivalent to the
addition OF five or six loads Of stable
manure.
a good legUme hay crop turned I'M
der will lead to profitable and per-
manent farming. 1t would require
four tons of ordinary mixed fertilizer
per acre, containing 2 per cent am
monia, to furnish an amount OF nitro
gen equal to good crop of vetcn OF
clover If purchased in mixed form
this nitrogen would cost from $40 to
$25 per ton.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT is
STIMULUS TO HENS

The use of some form of artificial
lighting is a stimulus to laying hens
because it offers more hours Of day
light and increases food consumption.
It's use is now generally accepted not
as proposition of fooling the fowls,
but of lengthening the days and par
TALLY duplicating spring conditions.
There is some criticism of the use
of lights due to the apparent bad re
suits on the health Of the birds that
is often noticed in the winter.
Some poultrymen feel that If hens
are fully matured by fall and are bred
to lay no artificial stimulation is need
ed. Egg production from some fiocks
will bear out this attitude, but where
comparative tests have been made be-
tween f1ockS lighted and unlighted
there is no evidence to prove that
lighting causes a greater chance for
contracting disease.
Lighting offers an opportunity for
greater food consumption, making
possible the manufacture Of more
eggs" says Prof. A. G. Philips of Pur-
due university. Late maturing pull
lets may be pushed along probably by
lighting in October. With pullets ma
turing early, fall mott may be de-
layed and high~priced eggs obtained.
In such case there is usually let
up in production followed by mott in
December or January.
Where pullets mature normally in
October and are in good condition OF
flesh, it may not be profitable to light
them until November or December or
possibly not at all. When eggs are
wanted in January from the older hens
that have molted in the fall, the use
of lights may be applied between JAN
uary / and Is.
"An easy time to turn on the lights
is at 4 100 a. M, using an ordinary
alarm-clOck alarm key to connect the
switch The extra feed offered at
this time should be grain consisting
of corn, wheat and oats and It may
be scattered in the litter the night
before. At 7:SO or 800 a. m. more
grain should be fed. A mash hopper
containing SO pounds bran, 90 pounds
flour middlings and 30 pounds tank
age, should be open all the time. About
three times as much grain as mash
should be fed when lights are used.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Makes Study Of
Coop Marketing.
Success Depends Upon Man
agement, Understanding,
Official Says.

{Propared BY the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
The success of cooperation market
ang depends more than anything else
upon efficient management and thor
ough understanding on the part Of the
membership as to the possibilities and
Limitations of cooperative marketing,
according to Chris j.. Christensen, in
charge of the division Of cooperative
marketing in the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, who has just
made a three-months' tour Of the coun-
try studying cooperative methods.
Need Business Experience.
"The Importance of having men with
business capacity to head up co-opera-
tive organizations cannot be overesti-
mated" Mr.. Christensen says. He de,
clares that cooperative organizations
are beginning to realize more than ever
before that production and marketing
are inseparable, and that very often
the solution of a marketing problem
may be found to originate in produc-
!tion practices. Organizations are also
learning that production must be adj
justed to meet market demands.
Visited the Northwest.
Mr.. Christensen's study included the
cooperative marketing methods en-
ployed by farmers organizations for
handling fruits and vegetables, dairy
products, poultry products, wool and
grains. He visited twenty to twenty
five organizations in California In
Oregon he studied the wool marketing
associations, and in North Dakota and
Minnesota he investigated the bust
ness methods and practices of farmers
elevators to determine the factors that
enter into the efficient management of
ane elevators
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
FARM EAC..T.S1J>

A successful rural leader must be
a good farmer.
an this Eat-More- Fruit campaign,
farmers can well set an example.
The potter cannot mold without clay,
nor the hen make shells without lime
The consumer has a peculiar way Of
avoiding any crop that is consistently
inconsistent in quality.
The dropping boards, perches and
nests should be treated for mites. The
pullets also should be examined for
lice.
Too much business independence is
sometimes hard on the income. Co
operators are usually less dangerous
than competitors.
Using a scrub bull on the herd is
like investing money in continentals.
The quantity is increased and the
income curtailed
One of the staples among the adj
mired Towering vines is the rambler
or climbing rose. Almost any vari-
ETY. will produce most satisfactorily If
given a chance in a sunny place, in
good soil, and with liberal amount
of water in dry weather. They grow
well on wire.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Plan Now Repairs to
Hotbeds, Cold Frames
Early Attention Saves Worry
When Rush Work Begins.

Scarcity of labor and high prices for
materials are making it increasingly
necessary for vegetable growers to
adopt efficient methods.
In the opinion of G. FL. Nissley, veg
etable specialist at the New Jersey
State College of Agriculture, New
Brunswick, it Is now time to be plan
ming for the repair of hotbed and cold
frame sashes. If this work can be
done during the spare time through
the winter months, it will save much
worry In the spring when rush work
begins.
Painting is one Of the Jobs that
might well be started. A linseed oil,
whitehead paint will do much to
lengthen the life Of sashes. An espe-
cially thorough job should be done at
the mortised joints. Homemade putty
made according to the following for
mulas will give very good results and
can be made at saving Of money.
The following materials are used:
For 26A pound lots: pints OF raw
linseed oil, 31s pounds of white lead,
20 pounds of whiting. For 514-pound
lots: pint of raw linseed oil, Is pound
of white lead, pounds Of whiting.
Cost per pound seven cents, not
counting labor. Thoroughly mix the
white lead and oil. Stir into this mix
ture enough whiting to make stiff
dough- Pour this on board which
has been sprinkled with good layer
Of whiting to prevent the mixture
from sticking to The board. Then
knead, adding enough whiting to give
it the desired consistency. This putty
will stay soft for an indefinite time
if kept covered with water.
For those who want them, there are
numerous commercial materials on the
market to take the place of putty for
sash work.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
MANY PLANKS IN
LEADERS, PLATFORM
Farmers Institute Workers
Direct Their Efforts To-
ward Greater Returns.

1. Lime for acid soils.
2. Orderly marketing of farm prod
ucts with less loss en- route to market.
3. Pastures that pay.
A. More alfalfa wherever and when
ever needed.
5. Silos on more farms.
6. A COW testing association in ev-
cry dairy county.
Z. More boys and girls in club work.
These seven planks have been spiked
securely into the platform of Wiscon-
SINS farmers Institutes as they enter
upon the forty-first year of successful
leadership in Badger farming.
These planks cover some of Wiscon-
sins greatest farm problems, accord
Ing to Supt e. L. Luther. He re-
CARDS as Of utmost Importance the
necessity for lining acid soils. Lining
of these soils, Luther insists, should
become the recognized policy until an
abundance Of legumes can be raised in
proper rotation on every stock and
dairy farm within the state. Wis
consin's lime resources, he believes,
must be developed to meet this need
Acid Soils Need Lime.
Limestone quarries which provide a
good quality Of lime are scattered here
end there over the southern and east
ern areas of the Badger state accord
Ing to Luther. Then there are the
mari deposits in the scores of inland
lakes and old lakebeds of central and
upper Wisconsin. This form of lime is
often called the white gold" and IS
becoming more and more in favor with
many of the farmers
More limestone crushers for lime
and excavators for the mari are what
the Badger farmers need so that they
can satisfy the requirements Of their
soils.
produce for purpose is the key
note in cooperative production ana
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29

the time they are received until they
are planted" He suggests opening the
package at once to determine the con-
dition Of the trees.
'tIf the roots are heavy and in good
condition and are to be set in a day or
two, the trees may be retained in the
burlap containers, providing they are
kept moist" declares the fruit tree
specialist. Then, when the planting is
to be delayed for several days ''heeling
In" is best to be practiced. This is
temporary planting, and may be car
ried out by selecting well-drained
spot Of ground, preferably protected
from the wind and sun.
Careful heeling-in pays" says the
orchardlst. The way to go about heel
ing-in, suggested by Moore, is to dig
a trench about IL to IS inches deep,
depending on the size Of the root sys-
tenn of the fruit trees, one side of the
trench slanting at an angle Of about 40
degrees. The roots are placed into the
trench with the trunks leaning against
the slanting side, and earth is worked
In around the roots so that they come
In contact with the soil.
There are times when the shipped-in
nursery stock might have become dried
to a considerable extent even though
special precautions were taken. Moore
advises that such trees should be
buried in moist soil, covering the en-
tire plant This usually brings the
trees to life, unless too far dried out,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
ORCHARDIST GIVES
TIPS ON PLANTING
Tells How to Make Ready,
Pack the Roots
and Prune.

There is a knack in planting the
young fruit tree. Followed, it leads
toward success; neglected, it wends
toward failure.
Early every spring the familiar scene
of small fruit trees and other nursery
stock done up in burlap can be seen at
nearly every Badger station. 1t is al
this time of the year farmers are tax
ing their nursery stock which they had
ordered from distant or nearby nur-
sery companies during the forepart OF
the winter.
'.Get the fruit trees just as soon as
they arrive at your station" is the
suggestion made by James G. Moore
head Of the horticultural department
Of the Wisconsin College of Agricul-
ture. This precaution he regards as
very important, as many of the trees
may be injured by allowing them to re-
main longer than necessary at the
freight or express Office.
Keep Roots Moist.
1t is very important to keep the roots
from drying out. Moore advocates
''neyer letting the roots dry out from
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
More Tests in October, 1924,
Than Any One Month.

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agriculture)
More cattle were tuberculin tested
during the. month of October, 1924, In
the nationwide campaign to eradicate
bovine tuberculosis than were ever
tested In any previous month, accord
ing to summary of the work COM
piled by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. A total OF 49,
6O2 cattle were given the tuberculin
test during that month by the force OF
veterinarians engaged ty the govern
ment and those cooperating in stamp
ing out this costly cattle plague.
This exceeds by more than sixteen
thousand the previous record number
Of cattle tested in one month. In May,
1924. there were tested 626,257 cattle,
which was the highest number until
the recent month Of October. The
total number of cattle now under SUI
pervision for the eradication of tuber-
.culosis is 9,19S,975. That the work of
tuberculosis eradication is popularity
supported is shown by the fact that
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29

marketing which will be struck at
many Of the farmers Institutes to be
held in Wisconsin this winter. That
the producers are entitled to partici-
pate in the return from quality produc-
ton is the opinion of Luther. He cites
vas examples many instances in cheese
making and selling where extra price
paid for quality products is not reflect
ed back to the men who MIXED the
COWS; similarly, the cry In pea produc-
ton IS for quality peas, which not in
frequently means diminished yields.
Wisconsin farmers are credited with
having produced "a per cent of the
total pea yield Of the United States
the past season with pea pack Of
100000 cases of peas.
There are at present more than 100
pea canning factories scattered
throughout Wisconsin, and the next
year there will be added seven or
eight to the number.
If millions. Of cases of peas are to
be grown each year, it is Of vital inn
portance that the consumers fancy be-
met; and quality alone is the big SELL
ing card that will put across sales.
Alfalfa Will Cut Feed Bill.
The farmers institute workers in
sist that the increased returns made
from quality production should be re-
fiected in part to the men who have
the investment in land and who make
the expenditure necessary to produce
the products.
To have better pastures, more al
falfa and sweet clover and silos when
and where needed are some of the
goals now ahead of Badger farmers.
Each year following the leadership OF
the farmers institute workers the
grand totals grow larger and Larger.
The Badger farmers are spending
annually $30,0O0,00O for hays and
grains. This means that the average
farmer in Wisconsin is spending of his
hard earned cash several hundred dol
lars each season for feeds that in
most instances could be raised right
at home.
More alfalfa in Wisconsin will make
heavy inroads upon the iced bills and
with prospective acreage of 100000
acres for next year the green gold"
(alfalfa) is bound to gain rapid favor.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Fa!.r!!:',r!tzn!.E.-IMZ,ltf7.

Cows do not enjoy moldy silage, and
1t makes horses sick.
Semi-solid buttermilk is a valuable
poultry feed, especially when there
is no home supply of sour milk or but
termilk.
Does the snow Sift in on the wo,lr-
bench and tools in your shop or
garage? Melted snow is water aid
water rusts.
The horticulturist of the Dominion
Of Canada has kept well for 26 wears
by eating s to 16 apples day. he
told members OF the state horticultural
society at recent banquet.
Briar patches and thorn apples NAV
may give food and shelter to pleas mrs
and rabbits, but then you have said
it all. Real honest to goodness trees
pines and hardwoods- do as
well and produce valuable crop at
the same time.
Twenty-eight years ago the farmers
Of Denmark formed the Danish Co
operative Egg Export association
which has revolutionized their egg
trade and changed production from a
precarious. improbable business to a
prosperous industry of remarkable
stability.
It is not denied that the robins and
some other birds eat the cherries and
berries. They also eat the cabbage
and other vegetable worms. In fact,
they like the worms better than they
do the fruit. Even the sparrows are
valuable when the cabbage worm sea.
son is at its height
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29

then further packing can be done by
the feet of the planter. Moore says
that many of the newly planted trees
die because Of hanging" This is
condition OF the trse where the roots
are suspended in the opening made for
the tree. Failure to press the soil
against the roots is responsible for the
trouble Surrounding the roots with
fine soil obviates it.
He warns against the use Of fresh
manures in the hole at the time OF
planting. If it is desirable to enrich
the soil, then use old well rotted
manure, and work it well into the sOtI
about the trees.
"Top pruning should be left until
after the trees are planted" advocates
Moore, "as more time can be taken to
size them up and determine which
branches are to be left for the founda-
ton branches. 1t is also easier to de-
termine this after the tree has been
set. Then the wire label on the tree
should always be removed. In prun-
ing one-year-old whips, all that is nee
essary is to cut Off the top sufficiently
higf. to bring the head at the proper
height, after allowing II to 10 inches
for distribution Of the branches, says
the orchardist. Too many branches are
usually left. For the apple tree, four
to five branches are sufficient. The
cherry and the plum should have one
or two more foundation branches than
the apple tree. y
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Poultry Notes
II !


Provide plenty of clean nests for
the laying hens.
Grade your eggs for uniformity in
size, shape, and color.
Keep out the cracked, dirty, small,
and very large eggs for home use.
Gather the eggs in well-padded
pail or basket and reduce breakage.
Use only sound, strong, standard
packages and pack the eggs properly.
Sell eggs to a buyer who pays for
quality or buys on a graded basis.
When your eggs are of best quality
and the buyer purchases them on a
case-count or ''nest-runs basis, you get
less than they are worth.
Keep the nests clean and market
clean, fresh-looking eggs. 1t spoils the
sale of eggs when they are marketed
in an untidy condition.
Use the small, dirty and cracked
eggs at home. They have a lower
market value but are entirely salts
factory for immediate home use.
Keep the eggs in cool, clean, fairly
dry place until marketed. Heat
causes deterioration in quality and
evaporation of moisture from the egg.
Dampness causes the eggs to mold
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Feeding Milk Goats

There are no hard and fast rules
for feeding goats" says G. A. Leach,
Jefferson county, Neb., who has herd
of Nubians.
Zone thing you must keep in mind
is that the food used should be of a
kind to produce strong body as well
as produce milk. We have found that
corn, oats and shorts make a very
good mixture for the older stock. We
mix the feed in the ratio of Ga pounds
of oats, 50 pounds Of corn and about
Is pounds Of shorts. In addition to
this we feed all the good alfalfa hay
the goats will eat"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Nineteen Different Products
Had $313, 100000 Gross
Value in 1924.

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agricuture.)
Nineteen truck crops produced in the
United States the past year for table
use, canning, and manufacture had
gross value to the growers Of $313. 0OO,-
900, according to estimates by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. This is $12,OOO,OOO less than in
1928, but $22,0O0,O0O more than in
1922, and $78,OOO,OOO more than in
1921.
There has been a rapid expansion in
truck crop production. transportation,
and marketing in recent years, as in
dicated in acreage figures, the depart
ment points out. The acreage devoted
to the 10 crops this year was 100000
acres, which is 60 per cent increase
over the acreage in 1921.
Canning Acreage Doubled.
Production of Is crops grown wholly
or partly for table use direct was on
/ 100000 acres and had value of
$262,O00,O00. The quantity produced
wholly or partly for canning or manu-
facture was grown on $4,000 acres
and had a value OF $51 100000 The
canning acreage has been more than
doubled since 1921, and the table acre
age has been increased one-third.
Tomatoes were first in gross value,
showing a total of $55,OOOOOO; early
Irish potatoes are valued at $44, O0O.-
600; strawberries $50, 1000, 900, and can
taloupes $2OOOO,OOO. Green peas
onions lettuce, celery, cabbage, and
asparagus each come in the $15,0OO,O00
to SIT 100000 range; cucumbers. snap
beans and watermelons ranged from
$S,50O,O0O to $12,OOO,OOO each, and
sweet corn for canning, spinach, pep
pers, caulifower, and carrots, from
$3,600000 to $7,1OO,OOO each. The
value Of eggplants was $1,O3O,000.
Tomatoes In the Lead.
Tomatoes had the largest acreage at
100000 acres; early Irish potatoes
10000 acres: sweet corn for can
ming, $4,000 acres; green peas. 242, 900
acres; watermelons, 10000 acres;
strawberries, 147,O0O acres: cucumbers
10000 acres. These figures do not
include market gardens. Ninety-one
per cent of the acreage Of green peas
was for canning; canning and manu-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
7 omatoes Ranked
First IN Truck Crops

facture Of cucumbers took Y per cent
of the acreage; tomatoes. 81 per cent !;
asparagus, AZ per cents. spinach. 20
per cent; string beans, q per cent.
and cabbage for kraut, ID per cent.
Truck crops are the product of in
tensive agriculture and require much
human labor, and highly fertile and
well-tilled soil. Gross return per acre
is far from being all profit, and some-
times fails to equal the cost of pro-
duction, the department says.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-01-29
Trees Need Sunlight

Branches headed back distance
from the lateral, or stubbed back, will
send out lot of sprouts, covered by
summer with leaves, and the tree will
be so densely covered that sunlight
cannot strike into the tree, hence the
bearing area will be much reduced. If
you have to take out whole branch,
or practically the whole thing, it is
generally good practice to cut clear
back to the parent branch.