Evening star., 1925-08-13

sign document which declares her
sole war guilt.
Baron Won Nathan said the two
chief obstacles TO Germany entering
the league were article 16 of the
League of Nations covenant and the
clause In the Versailles treaty plac-
ing sole responsibility for the war on
Germany. He asserted that article IL
as interpreted by German statesmen
permitted the passage of troops across
German soil. which Germany could not
permit.
The superdemocracy that Musso-
lini desires for Italy is the Fascist
form. 1t Is the most interesting Euro
pean and world phenomenon since the
war"
Gibraltar and Alden. rather than
the Suez Canal. are regarded by Great
Britain as strategically vital for the
defense OF her routes to India from
flank, Sir Frederick Maurice, chief OF
operations of the British general staff
during the war, said al an open con
ference
Cape Route Best
Sir Frederick repeated his asser-
ton that the Suez Canal no longer
was vital artery from the point Of
view of British strategy Great Brit
ain learned in the war that the Cape
route could be used. he said, and
the difference between that and the
Mediterranean route to India was
only 1000 miles, not including the de-
lay encountered in going through the
canal. The canal route was still
highly important and valuable trade
route, however. and the cheapest
economically. from the viewpoint OF
Australia and New Zealand.
The statement that Egypt is not
really independent because she can
not yet handle her financial. economic
and commercial affairs was made at
the conference by William Yale,
technical adviser TO the American
section of the International Commits
sion on Mandates in 1919.
THE great business OF Egypt Is
raising and exporting cotton" he
said. The Egyptians raise il. but do
little else. The crop has been pro-
tected from pests by Western scien-
tific knowledge applied by Western
ers. The steps from picking to gin
ming and export are handled by for
eiSn finance, and 90 per cent of the
cotton is in the hands OF foreigners"
Mr.. Yale said that Egyptian manu-
factures, including sugar, cigarettes
and alcohol, were controlled by for
eign firms. as we'll as the tourist
business. No strictly Egyptian bank
was operated as a commercial affair.
he said, and the bulk of the export
ing demanding financial backing was
done by Greeks, Swiss and British.
Egyptian Irrigation.
AS regards irrigation, so vital to
Egyptian prosperity. hardly a score of
Egyptians are capable of reproducing
the systems they have without the
help of western technicians," he said.
Egypt must learn western ideas,
otherwise her independence is likely to
remain a shadow.
The speaker said there was no doubt
that Egypt could manage her own
governmental affairs. Great Britain
he said, dominated the present educa.
tional system, adding that '1f there
had been any great urge toward i'm
proVement of education, private
schools financed by wealthy Egyptians
would by now have been founded"
Ismael Kemal Bey, first secretary Of
the Egyptian legation in Washington
spoke of Egypt as a country which
has lost. its independence and is sup
posed 10 have recovered it" The
ES9 plidH BONcA HIncill. lie IldO
made great progress since the grant
ing of independence and had been free
of British interference.
At the round table conference on
agriculture and population increase
Harry H. Laughlin OF the Carnegie
Institute in Washington asserted that
Italy's population problem must be
solved through industrial development,
emigration OF birth control. Aus
tralia, on the other hand. he said,
must limit immigration to individuals
of high heredity endowments in de
veloping a nation commensurate in
population and power with it's natural
resources.
At the limitation OF armament round
table Prof. Jesse s. Reeves of the Uni
versity Of Michigan spoke on the in
fiuence OF arbitration. International
law could not settle questions of policy
between states, he said
Setting up OF an international tri-
bunal does not necessarily mean set
Ting up all international differences"
he said. The invasion of a legal
right is often the occasion for war,
but not it's cause"