davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-11-13

Fox & Stein
A. M. BendetsOn
Kaufman-L Leonard Co.
Jerome Walters
Evening star., 1925-10-16

public place, su':h as restaurant,
and listen 10 what is being said around
you, the comments on what land Is
selling for here and elsewhere, the
cogitation over when the smashup
will come and who Is to get stung.
No real estate boom-yet the city
Of Jacksonville recently sold its police
station and Jail combined for $4,000.
and q few, days ago the same building
changed hands for -$225,000.
Coming fresh from a conference
which lasted most of one morning
with those whose business 1t is to
discuss Florida as brightly and as
optimistically and as hopefully Is they
know how, I felt troubled about what
I had written from Washington, Civ
ing the viewpoint of bankers and
others there concerning Florida s
boom. I wondered If they really knew
what they had been talking about. 1
approached q man standing on the
corner and asked him for a match.
The following conversation is reported
as accurately as possible:
"Have you a match?"
yep Stranger here?"
"YesSI got in last night
"Where are you FROM"
Washington. And you?"
Louisiana, near New Orleans"
''Have you been here long?"
i've been through the whole State
Evening star., 1925-10-16

Of 1000, 900 people. which is nearly six
times the present population Of the
State. There Is no real estate boom,
they say. yet with the next breath
they will tell you that building per-
mits were issued to the amount Of
$27 600 900 last month in 12 or IA cities.
No real estate boom. they say, yet
there are real estate development
, companies in every block in this town
where a steady crowd Of passers-by Is
assured. In front of every window Is
gathered, not a crowd. but group
Of anywhere from to IA people, deep
! in the study Of blue prints or the
beautifully hand-painted water-color
pictures Of the developments as they
will look when and IL completed.
The pictures show golf courses,
country clubs, beautiful estates, g6r.
geous hotels, blue water. blue sky,
level stretches Of white. sandy beaches
with the palm trees whispering In the
cooling breezes to the dear little chill
dren playing beneath them-whisper-
Ing of how fine 1t would be to own one
Of the lots, with 30 feet front and 100
feet back. all by yourself and for SO
much down and 80 much month.
Yet they say that these real estate
Offices in Jacksonville amount to
nothing compared to those elsewhere.
Readers in Newspapers.
No real estate boom, they say-but
folks who work in the newspaper
Offices here told me a new subdivision
springs up around Jacksonville every
day or SO. No real estate boom-but
the local papers carry page after page
OF fat advertising. and with every
page, II seems. there is a reader" In
the news columns disguised as news
reporting the opening OF some new de.
velopment In terms which would
bring heart failure, not to say brain
storms. to editors Of larger papers
who have been taught the difference
between news and advertising.
No real estate boom-but pass
down the corridors of your hotel take
a peek through the open doors of
many Of the rooms, where men in
their shirtsleeves are bending in close
conference over blue prints. No real
estate boom-but take seat in IA
Evening star., 1925-10-16
JACKSONVILLE BOOSTERS INSIST
FLORIDA ACTIVITY CONSERVATIVE
They Fill Head of Star Writer With Statistics of I'm.
scratched Wealth Awaiting Development in
State at Ranbow's End.

who have been knocking Florida, or
who are even talking in a mild sort Of
way about Florida, Is that they think
the whole development down here is a
real estate proposition, according to
the development boards spokesman.
Real estate speculation, the mere bar
ter and sale OF lots, farms, acreage
and such, is only a small and inf1nites-
imal part Of what is taking place in
Florida today. according to this
spokesman. Florida, it is pointed out,
has been coming into its own for
many years and is just beginning to
hit its stride. Statistics concerning
what Florida is and what she will be
are not used by northern newspapers
because they are afraid Of boosting
Florida too much, it is said. But as
I said thought this newspaper would
print the statistics, and as the board
assured me that is what the people
really want to read, promised to use
all could.
Some Florida Statistics.
Florida's present population is esti-
mated at about 1858 $40 people. The
State doesn't owe q red cent to any
body and has something like $6,0O0,-
600 in the trea Sury. 1t has not only
reduced taxes. but its constitution has
been amended cutting out income and
inheritance taxes. True, IT'S statute
books never contained either. but cut
ting them out by constitutional amend
ment was a slick piece Of advertising
that brought immediate results. F'lori-
da is the biggest State east Of the Mis-
Sissippi River. with the exception Of
Evening star., 1925-10-16
Continued from First Page)

- v oHtlIueu from r lrSt faEe.b
ton Is reinforced by the regular Win.
ter rush Is vet to be seen.
While Jacksonville likes to think Of
Itself as the main gateway to the
State. more automobiles pass through
the town of Lake City, to the west and
little TO the South Of Jacksonville
Such traffic Is headed for the west
and central portions of the State. Last
reports from Lake City said that an
average Of 100 automobiles with for
eien tags passed through there daily
Each automobile 1t was estimated.
carried four passengers. The number
is increasing, reports say.
Don't Like Word Boom"
In Jacksonville is located headquar.
ters for the Florida Development
Board-really the State chamber Of
commerce. On entering the offices Of
this organization one must forget and
leave behind him the word boom" E"
Boom" is not being used in Florida
among is best people. The man who
uses the word boom" is at once
stamped as an outsider, a person of
rather low ideas: a man who doesn't
know much and who proba bly, will
never amount to anything in the long
run. Forget the word boom" and
adopt the word development" There
Is strength in "development"-and its
Use. Immediately stamps one with a
certain prestige not possessed by the
user OF the word boom"
The trouble with the newspapers
and the rest of the people up North
Evening star., 1925-10-16

Georgia, which probably wasn't In.
tended to be any bigger. but Is, never
theless. From Jacksonville 1t is 500
miles south to Key West, and from
the same point 1t Is about 400 miles
to the extreme western border OF the
State. There are 10000 lakes in
Florida. and Okeechobee Is tho largest
lake wholly within the continental
limits Of. the United States with the
exception of Lake Michigan. The
State Is located within twenty.four
hours travel of a population Of S0,-
100000 people. Florida, by the way,
does not mean Miami. which is a
mere fly-speck, a sun spot, SO to speak
when compared to the State as a
whole.
Backbone Is Agriculture.
Agriculture, according to the State
Development Board, is the backbone of
present and future development. In
the strip Of Florida which bounds a
portion Of the Gulf of Mexico on the
north, in the county of Okaloosa, the
blueberry industry is coming into it's
own. There the blueberry bushes
grow to the astounding height Of 1s
feet. The Department Of Agriculture,
the board states, has not been able to
find any such blueberry bushes in any
other part of the country and is rather
worried about it, one might Judge.
Those who wish to raise blueberry
bushes will reap a harvest of $500 an
acre. The industry is expected to
bring 100000 annually soon. The
present desire for real estate, noticed
at odd moments here and there about
other portions Of Florida, has not
touched this section. Land may be
purChased there Chez ply
At Quincy, Fla, is located the larg-
est fullers earth producing plant in
the world. Monticello, Fla, gives the
waiting world 80 per cent Of its water
melon seed. The section around
Monticello is also famed for its bright
leaf tobacco, of which, its hackers say,
there Is none finer.
= Big Phosphate Supply.
The State of Florida produces 81 per
cent Of the world supply Of phosphate,
which is valued at SIS, 900 900 annually.
Evening star., 1925-10-16

The fish business In Florida amounts
to t2o, ,000, 900 annually.
Florida IL the biggest cattle produc
ing State east Of tho Mississippi River
that grand old Father of Waters
without which a statistic Of any kind
would be lost in tho wilderness.
The lumber industry In Florida doe.
$40.o00,000 worth Of business every
year.
The State is the biggest producer Of
naval stores in the country.
Florida manufactured something like
100000, 900 worth Of products Of vari
Gus classes in 1920, according to the
census Of that year.
Indicating the market which waits
for those who grow things to eat ir
the State. Florida paid $101 ,o00, 900 last
year for food brought in from the out
side.
Two million cigars are made by
hand every day in Tampa, and more
are made there in a month than are
made In Havana in a year.
Land in Everglades.
The drainage of the everglades will
open for production the richest soil
In the world. Land still under water
In the everglades Is being sold for
$500 to 500 an acre at auction.
Poultry raising. dairy products
citrus fruit and pecans and grapes
find central and southern Florida
ideally adapted to their needs.
Along with all this is Floridas eli
mate. According to those who use II
extensively, 80 degrees Is really only
so degrees, for there Is little. II any
humidity. Your correspondent was
careful to say. at this point. that 1t II
10 h,,< lA toI
irks us up North. If Florida has abol
ished humidity with It's income and in
heritance taxes. there must be some
thing to this State.
Only Natural Growth.
Florida, the Development Boards
spokesman declared, is not having a
boom, only a natural growth. Yet i,
is figured that il a house were built
on every lot which has been subdivideo
between this city and Miami along the
east coast alone, they could take care
Evening star., 1925-10-16
What's your business

Of Florida. What's your business
down here?"
I'm from a newspaper. Came down
to write up this show"
What do l think about it? Bang
blankety blank blank bang. Look at
those poor fools running around try
Ing to get somebody to take their
money. Look at all them real es-
tate places, egging them on to spend
their money in lots that amt worth
blankety blank blank BAN, And
what's back of it? What are they
going to do when they buy a lot? I'm
rich. l could get all I wanted, if
wanted them. But what could / do
with the stuff they're selling? It's
gonna pop. tell you, it's gonna pop.
And It's the poor devil who put every
thing he had into 1t that'll get stuck
In the end. 1t won't be the real estate
guys. And. talking of agriculture, a
fellow told me down South that IL he
tried to ship his tomatoes they'd rot
before they could get to Virginia.
They're mostly water. They won't
hold firm. Same with potatoes"
I know nothing of my friend. but
I let him talk as the boosters talk.
Evening star., 1925-10-16
Sun Troops in Shanghai.

SHANGHAI, October 16 P}.-
Chekiang troops, under command of
Sun Chuan-Fang, are entering
Shanghai, as the last units of the
Manchurian force. which has been in
control Of the city since June, arc
leaving the city.
Evening star., 1925-10-16

In the little desert town of Tonopah
New, water sells for 5 cents a gallon.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
Burning Stubble
Aids Control
OF Hessian Fly

Burning over wheat stubble in
fields that showed injury by the
Hessian fly last summer is recon-
mended in these counties where that
insect was common during 1924. Deep
blowing, if done before early May,
will accomplish the same result; the
destruction Of the "flaxseed" stage
of the insect, in which stage the Hes
sian fly spends the winter. This is
the advice Of DR.. r. l.. Webster, en-
tomologist at the North Dakota Az
ricultural college.
"From counts of infested stubble
obtained from Williams county APP
proximately rs per cent of the flax
seeds were found above the third
joint, or even higher on the infested
stenfs," he reports. "'These would be
destroyed wherever a field can be
burned over evenly.
"The 'flaXseeds' are given that
name because of their resemblance to
real flaxseed, but they are only
about half as large. The real dam
age to wheat is done by the tiny
maggOts Of the insect.
"The flies will emerge from the
'flaxseeds' in May and deposit their
tiny eggs on young wheat at that
time. In spring the maggots feed
close to the base of the plant, al
though during the summer they may
be found commonly just above the
joints. In some years, depending on
weather conditions for the most
part, an additional summer brood of
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
Tribune Classified Advertisements
-P FLO N E 32=A4 sF14

FOR SALE-6 room new modern
house, 3 bed rooms, garage In base
ment. oak floors, sun .parlor. lawn,
trees and shrubbery, close to
school, for $500, on good terms
and quick possession given; ~
Fine bungalow, succeed, hot water
heat, south front. one of best built
houses in Bismarck, and a fine
home for anyone, near school, at
reasonable price; :.
8 room modern house, with 5 bed
rooms, east front, lawn, trees and
shrubbery. hot water heat, q fine
home, we'll located, oak finish down
stairs. at reasonable price;
One Of finest building lots in Bis
marck at corner of FIRST and Thay-
er Streets, east front.
Geo. NJ. Register.
47-1w.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

maggots occurs. When such is the
case the infestation above the joints
becomes severe, although it is some
times mistaken for damage by haih
Damage by the Hessian fly during
1924 was reported from Williams,
Ward, Eenville, Stark, Slope, Golden
Valley, Grant and Morton counties,
as we'll as in a number of other pla-
ces further east in the state. There
was much less damage in the east
ern portion.
prompt measures taken now may
prevent serious losses during the
coming summer. In some localities
in western North Dakota in 1924
there was reduction in yield
amounting to rs per cent because of
this destructive insect"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
Bismarck Boy
On Committee For
GridirOn BANQUET

Grand Forks, N. d., April l3.-Com-
mittees in charge of the Gridiron
dinner, annual banquet to be given
April 30 by Sigma Delta Chi, mems
journalism fraternity, have been an
nounced by Charles Burke of Bis
marck, who is in charge Of the ar
raAgements.
Peter Burtness, Crary, is chairman
of the program committee and will
be assisted by Maurice Ryan. Grand
Forks, and William Taillon, Cavalier.
Ralph Curry, jamestown, chairman,
Charles Patmore, Los Angeles, and
Ed Franta, Lidgerwood, compose the
invitations committee.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
AN UNUSUAL THIEF

I Newport, N. H., April l3.-Three
months after someone stole DR.. Lea
witt j. Gains automobile it was re-
turned to him by freight, with no
explanations from the sender. He
also received an envelope with suffi-
cient money to pay the freight
charges.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
FOR SALE

! FOR SALE
FOUR ROOM modern bungalow, two
4 bed rooms, full basement, hot wa.
ter heat, double garage. Price
$4,000. Terms.
lFIVE ROOM modern bungalow, hard
wood floors, full basement, fur.
i mace heat, gas water heater, gas
range. Price $1,000. Terms.
FIVE ROOM modern bungalow, hard.
! wood floors, fine basement, fur
/ mace heat, Double garage. Price
$500. Terms.
SEVEN ROOM. modern dwelling.
hardwood floors, full basement,
east front, A Mol condition, gar
age. Price $500. Terms.
FIVE ROOM modern two story
dwelling, hardwood floors, oak
! trim, fire place, lawn, trees, garden
space, garage. Price $500. Terms.
EIGHT ROOM modern house, five
bedrooms, double garage, east
front, trees, garden space. Price
$4,000. Terms.
LARGE NEW, three bedroom, two
story dwelling, west end, basement
garage. full basement, hardwood
floors. Price $5,75O. Terms.
FIVE ROOM modern bungalow, full
basement, furnace heat, hardwood
floors. Price $4,000. $500 cash,
balance monthly.
FOUR ROOM bungalow, built 1921,
east front, full complete basement,
furnace heat, hardwood floors,
built-in features, electric stove,
screened porch, near school. Price
$500. Good terms.
$3.50 CASH and $45 month including
interest buys modern six room
/ house, hardwood floors, hot water
heat, garage. East front. Price
$3.50.
This agency mas most complete
list of houses, lots and farm lands,
with new listings coming in every day
Insurance of all kinds written in re-
liable companies.
HEDDEN REAL ESTATE
AGENCY
Ever Ready to 'Giys Service"
Money 70 Loan
Webb Block. Phone o
- t, 20 ,.-- 4-l1.lW
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

pan, from which the current is
switched off automatically when
there is danger of overheating. The
heat also can be cut off at any de-
sired time.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

QUALITY CHICKS-Fonrteen. STAN
dard Bred varieties, Best winter
laying strains. Free delivery. MO-
derate prices. 81 Page CataIog
Free. Missouri Poultry Farms,
Columbia, Mo. 4-l3-1t
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

which is an annual feature of the
dinner will be edited by Lyle Web
ster of Webster, and Edward Thomp-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
PASTOR RUNS MOVIE

Bath, Eng, April 13.-The vicar of
Monkton Combe, near here, is open
ing village moving picture theatre.
He will be manager and operator of
the projection machine.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
AN AMAZON COUNTRY

London, April l3.-In Sussex coun-
ty, there are 1924 women for every
1000 men. This is about 1873 more
than before the war.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

BABY CAIX. Strong, husky, guar
anteed quality. Live delivery.
: Flocks inspected by state Judge.
Buy Northern, Chicks. Custom
lhatching. Caledonia Hatchery,
Caledonia. MINI. Dept. B.
,sCf- go s-lQtQA. . - n,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

Foreign experts are beginning to
refer to malnutrition as the Amer
lean disease"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR RENT-Four large modern
rooms and bath with large east
porch, furnished for light house
keeping. Phone 357W or call ITO
Seventh street. ALL 1wk
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
ROOMS FOR RnlT

FOR RENT-Furnished rooms. For
Sale, Monarch range in good condi-
ton, l rug and carpet loom good
as new. l iron bed and springs. GIG
9Th Street. Phone 826R.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

WANTED TO RENT--Modern house,
with three bedrooms;> vacant May
or June. Write p. o. Box '665 or
Phone 960-M, City. 4,l3-1w
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR SALE-Two nice lots located on
Second Street. Inquire at the
I Quality Meat Market. Alb If.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
Answer to Yesterday's Crossword

lG. Anglers.
II. Is sick.
10. Precious stone (used in engage
ment rings).
q. People of Siam.
%. Fine driving icy particles.
%. Characteristic.
n. Call for help at sea.
%. Snake-like fish.
81. Small marine animal (good in
81. Animal called king of the
beasts.
33. To babble.
30. Sharp, cOvetous.
36. Pertaining to sandy regions.
38. Vigilant.
80. Hymn.
AZ Shoot of plant.
43. Pretense.
46. Meadow grass.
AZ. Lions home.
49. 3.l416.
81. Seventh note in scale.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
BABY .CHICEs

BABY CHICKS, healthy, .purebred,
100 percent guarantee. All leading
varieties. Early ,chicks from high
quality Iflocks pay best. Fourth
successful season. Free price list,
Clayton Rust, Fargo, No. OAK. /,
3.17.1m
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR RENT-Furnished rooms sleep
ing and light housekeeping in q
modern home. Close in, handy to
street car line. 22S-2nd St. Phone
$50. 4-lO-3t
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
WANTED TO RENT

WANTED TO RENT-Modern fur
nished hotel in medium sized town,
good location. About fifteen
rooms: No dining room. Exper-
fenced, Box 824, jamestown, N. D.
4.lO.St
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR RENT-Modern rooms, newly
papered and painted. Gentlemen
pEeferred. Call 3O7 4th St.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

PAPER HANGING, kalsomining, in
terror decorating, house painting.
expert mechanics, estimates fur
nished. city or country. Call at
3W-4th St., or Phone 504-W.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

AUTOMATIC COOK
Berlin, April ia recent inven-
ton is an electrically heated sauce
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
LOTS FOR SALE

LOTS FOR SALE
FOR SALE Five acre suburban
lot; splendid location right in city
limits. Public road on one end.
Easy terms. Write Tribune 958.
3,24.1mo.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

LOST-Shriner.s stick pin crescent
red with word KEN written on it.
T. Finder please return to Tribune.
: ~. 1W
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
;sALEe,l.AN

OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
AUTOMOBILE FOR NRADE-WIll
exchange late model standard make
sedan for land. RIM very little
and good as new. Address Box 448,
Bismarck, N. d. 4-11-3t
FOR SALE-Five passenger touring
ear. thoroughly over-hauled, newly
painted, new battery, low price.
Box 2O7 Bismarck. Ali lwk
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13
1fIaCELLANEOUS

FOX SALE-Hlgh class cafe fine To-
cation, good business will make
price right for q straight sale.
Write No. $40. care Bismarck Tri-
hume . 3-2.tf
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

WANTED-Old False Teeth. We pay
high as $40 for full sets. Don't
matter if broken. We buy crowns
and bridges. Western Metal Com
pany, Bloomington, Ill. 4-l3-lt
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR SALE-At = bargain, two wood
en- type case stands. fully equipped
with slides. real bargain for print
er. who needs new sQn ipment.
Sale for cash only. Apply Tri-
kope. l-28.tf
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR SALE-Well Machine, the only
machine in town. good buiness, al
SO Gray Tractor 1896. Good shape.
F.. ]. Appert, Hazelton, N. Oak.
'tG MIR. ~
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

POTATOES-Extra choice Early
Ohio seed, soc bushel. Five miles
south and 1h miles west Of Men,
oxen, N. d. Ed. Doppler. ALL wk
FOR RENT-Four room strictly
modern apartment furnished OF. un-
furnished. Varney Flats. Phone
77S. 4-13 st
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR RENT-Strictly modern apart
ment in Rose Apartments. Apply
F. w. Murphy. Phone 852. l-8O-tf
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR SALE-Three Burner Perfection
cook stove IS, three dining room
chairs IS, bed with way sagless
springs and cotton mattress. Call
evenings and Wed. 2l3-l0th st. N.
4-13-2t
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR SALE-Eight room house on
10th st. So, at bargain. ]. C..
DOlan, Phone ga, 40 1wk
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

Stanton, N. Oak, will be sold at
auction, May LIST, 1925. Mrs. John
l.. Cass. All 2wk
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

FOR RENTING large rooms and
kitchenette. Modern and furnish
ed, 024 4th st. 4.l.tf
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-04-13

This agency mas a most complet,
list of houses. lots and farm lands
with new listings coming in every day
Insurance of all kinds written in re
liable companies.