davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1925-01-25

battery disconnected from the tube
flaments, Three cells produce six
volts. On duty the average voltage
Is about two. and falls to about
LIS volts when discharged. AZ this
voltage the battery should be again
placed or charge. The voltake
docs not depend upon the size OF
the cell, as a storage battery the
size OF a thimble will deliver the
same voltage as one of normal
size. The capacity. or amperage
rating of the battery is determined.
however. by its size.
RATING OF BATTERY.
Tho six-volt type storage batterv
used Tor heating the filameuts OF
the vacuum tubes. is made up OF
.aree cells connected in teries.
Tho battery is rated In ampere.
hours. which means its ability To
deliver a certain number of amperes
Fer hour. A battery rated a. one
hundred ampere hours will deliver
ooe ampere for one hundred hours,
Which means that 1t will light four
2o:.,A tubes for this period; or It
VIA deliver five amperes for
t.enty hours. which means That It
will light twenty tubes for this
period.
Best service can be obtained
from a storage battery by keeping
1t In nctive work. and frequently
charged. When a battery remains
idle long It becomes rusty the
plates becoming sulphated, which
is a filling of the plate pores. stop
ping circulation of the e%lectrolyte.
The discharge rate of the battery
In amperes should not exceed five.
per cent of its capacity. and the
samc figure should be observed in
charging.
, 1925-01-25
The Parts

The four-tube Filter Tuner. with
one stage of radio-frequency ampii
fication. can be assembled with the
following parts:
Ono twentyfourInoh hard rubber
or bakeltte panel.
Ono variable condenser, Jooot
m~lcrofarsds capacity.
Two variable condensers, .0oo2t
mIorofsrsds capacity.
-Four ~rheoststs.
Two variable resIstaneos, one.
thousand to n hundred thousand
ohms resistance range.
Ono rotary switch with three
taps.
Four sockets
Two sudlo frequency, trans.
formers
Ono nrIdIeak and condenser unit.
Two fixed oondensers, ono Of .oo1
and one Of .oo2 MF capacity.
Two double-olreult phone lacks.
Ono sinsle circuit phone Jack.
Ono forty-turn loading coll,
wound on three-lneh bakeIIte tube,
with twenty gage double cotton
covered magnet wire.
Ono Filter Tuner Inductance unit.
Ono aerial coupler. primary twen-
ty-fIvs turns, secondary Of sixty
turns, Of twenty gage wire, on
three-inch tube.
Ton binding posts.
, 1925-01-25

unused parts OF the coil are elimi.
mated.
No connection Is shown for the
negative ida OF the "B" battery be.
cause It is connected to the posi-
tive terminal OF lhs "a" battery
shown on the extreme right A
separate lead must be run from
the forty-five volt tap OF the "B'
battery to the radio-frequency am
plifier, because the detector needs
only twenty-five and the amplifier
takes ninety volts.
The second variable condenser
has twenty-three plates. or a ca
pacity of .0005 microfarads. The
rotor OF this unit ia connected to
post number three of the filter coll,
and its stator connects TO post mum.
Der five, which is the upper termi.
nal of the other filter coil. Filter
terminal number four connects to
fixed condenser Ca" and to post
number six, which is the lower ter
minal of the coil.
CONNECTING THE TERMINALS
Terminals five and six OF this
coil also connect to the second vart-
able resistance. which is the same
as the first. having a resistance
range between one thousand and
one-hundred thousand ohms. Ter
minal five connects to the up" post
OF the deteotor socket, and six goes
to the outside terminal of the first
double circuit phone jack.
The secondary connections are
shown in terminals number seven
and eight. the former connecting to
"C-1," which is the grid condenser
of .00025 mlcrofarads capacity. The
two-megohm tubular grid-leak is
connected across this condenser.
Number seven connects to the posi-
tive terminal OF the "A" battery
which goes to the socket filament
connection on the right. The sec
ondary terminal number seven is on
the lower side OF this coil, which Is
the high-potential end and always
goes to the grid.
An eleven plate variable con-
denser OF .00025 microfarads capac-
ity is connected cross the second
airy. with the stator going to post
seven and the rotor to the filament.
II 201-A type tubes are used
, 1925-01-25

Keep the eiscroly1s well
above fh- plates as shown
hers end sde only distilled
,yatc, when It is low.
tlectr,,yte. TIE neaativs plates
lre - the out-H&, 40 that hero Il
always ohe sszc AAsrEW than
positive plata In svory battou TIC
put The batter, in operation he
plstss arc formed, whic, c,nrts.s
In passing drect uurr emit through
them fnr many hours During the
forming process tho positive plates
turn dark brown, and the negative
plates gray.
MIXING THE POLLUTION.
In mixing the solution for the
tlec.rolyte the acid is poured GLOW
" Trio the water. using a non
m~tAXs container. Roughly, the
VITO Is one part of acid to four
parts of water, but the precise
-alres must be determined by a
kydrometer, which is an instru.
ment for testing the specific
gravity, or density Of the solution.
The gravity is specified by the
manufacturer, and varies according
to the type Of battery. When
charged, the battery gravity read
ing on the hydrometer should be
between 1.275 and 1890. and when
discharged 1t is between Lib and
l.130 specific gravity. The reason
for the change in the gravity is in
the passing OF the acid from the
water into the plates during dis
charge OF the battery.
DELIVERS TWO VOLTS.
The voltage of a single storage
cell ranges between 2.06 and 2.14
volts when completely charged. and
tested with a voltmeter with the
, 1925-01-25
M ust Have Good
Phones for Single
Tube

II a single tube receiver Is used
1t is essential that a sensitive pair
OF head phones be used. There are
at present SO many varieties OF
head phones on the market that
many users have purchased those
which are not best suited to tho
use which Is to be made Of them.
It Is an easy matter. as a rule, to
compare your " receivers with
q pair of standard design belonging
to a friend. This test should be
made while receiving from a rather
faint station. II phones are used
after a stage of amplification It IL
not SO important that they be sen.
Bitive.
, 1925-01-25
All Batteries Perform
the Same Duties

The purpose OF a battery is To
deliver direct electrical current un-
der pressure of a definite number
OF volts. II makes no difference
whether the battery is a dry cell or
OF the storage type, providing II is
large enough. The most elaborate
set could be operated by dry cells.
but they would not last long enough
TO be economical. II you are won
dering whether to use a storage
battery or dry cells to light your
tubes. figure that the storage bat
terry is more economical in the end
but the dry cells arc sometimes
more convenient and cost less at
the start-both perform the same
duty.
, 1925-01-25
HOW TO SELECT CONDENSER
FOR CORRECT CAPACITY

Correct size and capacity r the first things to be determined
In the selection Of a variable condenser. Radio fans insist OIL rating
these condensers by the number of plates, which is wrong, as they ara
neers.
nm The ooo26 mid. condenser usually has eleven plates, and the
.o00b MID twentythree plates, and the .e01 mfd, fortythree plates
and when reference is made to'a twentythree plate condenser, the
capacity is assumed to be .0005 MID. The capacity of a condenser.
however. is dependent on the size of the plates and the distance thew
are separated from another, and it is possible to have practically any
capacity that is desired with n fixed number Of plates A twoplate
condenser could be constructed so a to have a capacity OF OO5 mid.
, 1925-01-25

the bearings. The insulation DC
tween the rotor and the statoI
should be of the best, and as littls
as possible Of It used.
Condensers are usually carefully
adjusted before they leave the fac
tory, and If tempered with the
plates may be thrown out OF align.
ment and the capacity of the con
denser changed.
HOW TO MOUNT DIAL.
Use care in mounting the ap-
paratus on the panel so as not to
force any part OF the condenser,
II It will not go on easily redrlll
the panel or enlarge tho holes
drilled until It can be mosnted
easily. Tighten up the mounting
screw or nut until the condenser
is rigid on the panel.
In fixing the dial on the from,
of the panel first place the rotor
plates all the way in between the
stator plates. Move the dial until
It reads 100 on the marker on the
panel and then fasten the set
screw. The dial reading viii now
read zero when the capacity is in
use.
In service little attention need
be paid to the condenser other
than to clean out dust that may
collect between tho plates. An or.
binary pipe cleaner accompllshes
this well and should be used FIRE.
Guently.
, 1925-01-25

Besides these changes In design,
the system opened up the dormant
possibilities OF tuned radio frequen-
cy amplification which all radio
engineers had agreed was sound in
principle. This conviction Is based
on the fact that the high FIRE.
quency currents were amplisied at
their natural wave length, or. in
other words It was not necessary
to resort to any trick to obtain
efficient application. In the
Super-Heterodyne. Major e. II.
Armstrong In 1918 employed the
heterodyne system to, change the
frequency OF the incoming signal
TO a point where It could be handled
with the form OF amplifiers that
existed at that time.
The advantages Of tuned radio
frequency application are mani
fold. II proper arrangements are
incorporated TO overcome the In
heront disadvantages. Chief OF the
latter is the strong tendency to
o~scillate. due to capacity coupling
through the electrodes OF the
vacuum tubes, or TO interstage mag
netic coupling. Putting this in
simpler language It means tho
tendency OF the system to change
from a receiver into a transmitter.
Many methods have been en-
ployed In tuned radio frequency
circuits TO achieve the Same result.
, 1925-01-25

radio interconnection h:d been at.
tempted in connection with radio
br~oadcastfng.
On March II. 1924. station KDKA
gave its first concert entirely IN
/ Spanish for the benefit OF the Span
ish speaking people u the Vcst
indies, Mexico. Central and South
America. The programme wns re
layed by station xxx and also by
a station In Buenos Aires, Argen-
tine. This was SO successfully that
several other Spanish programmes
have been broadcasted during TIE
year.
May 2. 1924, General John A.
Delafield's address on National
Preparedness" was transmitted by
wire to WGY. picked up by KDKA
and relayed to xxx.
In June. 1924. stations broadcast
both the Republican and the
Democratic National Conventions.
July 4th to September 22nd. they
carried on short wave oommunica,
tons with Captain McMillnn's re.
lief expedition on the Canadian
Government ship Arctic" During
the same period. constant communal
cation was also maintained on short
wave length with the Hudson Bay
ships "Nascopie" and "Bayeskimo."
At the time of the Wills Firpo
fight at Boyle's Thirty Acres, Ho-
boken. N. j., the Buenos Aires
daily paper. La Nacion. had an an
nouncer at the ringside who broad
cas.ed the entire fight, blow BY
blow, to his paper by the uso OF
station KDKA.
, 1925-01-25

terminal numDer four on the
first coil is connected to the rotor
post OF the variable condenser and
also to the negative terminal Of
the "A" battery which, in this case,
is on the right side of the rheostat.
The post marked up" on the am
plifier socket makes three connec-
tons, n to the end OF the forty
turn plate coil, one to the switch
tap on the left. and another to the
left hand terminal OF the variable
resistance.
COIL 10 TAPPED.
The plate coil is tapped also at
the twentieth turn and at the
fortieth, the former going to the
middle switch tap, and the latter
to the switch arm and also to the
number one terminal OF the Filter
Tuner primary. Number two OF
this primary connects to the post
marked ABB" which is the am
plifier battery. and also connects
TO rlght-hand terminal of the vari-
able resistance. This connection
completes the winSng OF the radio
frequency amplifier.
1t is tSen that the plate current
flows directly through the plate
loading coil TO the Filter Tuner
primary and that the switch serves
to short circuit the turns not in
use. By connecting the switch in
this way the losses that would
otherwise occur from absorption by
, 1925-01-25
Methodist Service
Will Be Broadcast
From Mooseheart

MOOsEHEART. Ill. Jan. "a
Methodist Episcopal church services
VIII be broadcast from the First NJ.
l.. church at Aurora. through sta.
ION VIVID (So2.s metersl at Moose
heart. on Sunday morning. January
rs. beginning at 1890 o'clock. TIE
service will be in charge of the-Rev.
Charles j. Bready. pastor. His SER
mon-subjeot will be THE Philosophy
OF an Optimist."
By way OF introducing the Rev.
Mr.. Bready we will say that he Is
N Of tho leaders of church work
in this community, although n
young pastor. He has boen pastor OF
the First NJ. L. church at Aurora
for 10 years. which is about thrice
MS long ms the average pastor of a
NJ. e. church serves in ore place.
Tho reason Tor his long tenure Is
due to demands from members OF
his church made TO the Rock River
conference OF his denomination.
, 1925-01-25
to Make a Secret
Filament Switch

A single circuit Jack NAV be
made into a filament current switch
by providing It with a plug with
Its terminals connected together.
BY inserting the plug. the nlaments
may be lighted, and by Withdrawing
It they will be extinguished. BY
lining the Jack UP with the de-
tector on amplifier Jacks you have
a secret switch which no one who
did not know the trick could
fathom. It might be the means
OF saving some perfectly good
tubes.
, 1925-01-25
Need Service Stations

Radio service stations are loon
10 become Al common rs radio
dealers. Almost every dealer is
prepared to make minor adjust-
r,ents and requirements on the
ssts he sells. Misuse, accident.
and lack of knowledge OF what he
4. doing cause the radio fan 10 run
<muck now and then. The radio
Dealer rushes to the cen with his
sc~rewdriyer and tape, Just as the
automobile service car rushes to
the site of the breakdown. and in
= few minutes the set u In opera
ton again.
, 1925-01-25
Crosley Planning
New Radio Beauty
Contest in Month

The second annual Crosley w. l..
W. Dolly Warden beauty contest Will
DO held Saturday night. February
u, which is Valentine night. IT will
be started at eight O'Clock. Many
radio fans viii recall the great inter
est shown in the former contest. In
which the audience voted for the
most beautiful girl. This years con
test promises to be even more inter
esting than the last one. due to the
fact hat everyone voting by teie'
gram will receive a box OF choco'
lates while the contestants will n
in the $4,000 cash prizes; $500 TO
the winner; 800 TO the second and
$50 each to the third and fourth.
, 1925-01-25

Since serving at the Aurora church
he has had a number Of tempting Of
fers. and as n result OF increases in
pay following these lures. he is one
Of the highest salaried pastors "
the NJ. Il. church.
The service VIII be augmented by
selections on one OF tho largee. Ella
organs In this section. to be presided
over by Miss Clara Wilson, as well
as an excellent choir, Of which Mrs.
Christine Nelson Dreysr is the lead
ing soloist.
, 1925-01-25

life on morality. with illustrations
from the worlds great llteraturci
the possibility Of continuing the Wig.
our. courage. progress OF civilian
tion without Il belief In immortal.
ity: tho effect Of the thought that
death ends all upcu LIES great trtg
cdy. mystery ami fnsclnatioui how Il
will mntter "a hundred wears from.
now what NO do today Tho service
will begin nt 1850 p. M, and VIII De
accompanied with nno musical mum.
bcrs by the choir under Che direction
, 1925-01-25
Socket Must Be Made
of Good Insulation

The vacuum tube socket should
be carefully scIutinized. for It is at
this point that the plate and grid
wires and filament leads come
close to each other. II the socket
is made of poor insulating material
these currents viii leak across the
base between the binding posts. and
become lost.
Do not accept n socket made OF
material that can be easily cut with
a knife, or will leave a black mark
when rubbed across a piece OF
white paper. Material that will do
this has lampblaok in IT. which is a
poor insulating substance. AS a
rule this class OF material will melt
under the heat OF a soldering iron.
, 1925-01-25
Increases Power

KGO, the Oakland station. has
been authorized by the Depart
ment OF Commerce TO Increase It's
power TO 1900 watts. under the
special arrangement which pro-
vides that Interference is not
caused. This station may, II con.
dltions remain the same. increase
It's power in steps Of 500 wutts TO
a maximum OF 5000 watts. KGo
is tho sixth Unitei States broad.
caster to try out increased power
u 1900 watts,
, 1925-01-25
How to Build the New
Four-Tube Filter Tuner

throughout, four rheostats will be
used to twenty ohms each. Thirty
ohm rheostats are needed for 1873
type, and six ohms for IL and IL
type tubes. The audio-frequency
amplifiers may be controlled with
one rheostat which. in this case,
will need but half the resistance
required for one tube.
The audio-frequency transformers
should be five-to-one ratio in the
first stage and three-and-one-half to
one in the second. However. some
types of transformers may work
efficiently with thssams ratio in
each stage
, 1925-01-25

-CONsTANTINOPLE. Jan. "a
Sixteen public drinking fountains In
Constantinoplo have been found 10
contain poisoned wder. An cpl
demle Of yellow sickness" followed
by sudden and violent death. has
been traced to The impurities In the
city wuter aupply.
, 1925-01-25

h1c IS ne q lirIlfy IN place..
A number of those plates arc
grouped. IKE tn. 1lsfs% of a vari-
able condenser, n gro1a being the
positiv. side and cae other group
Tho negative side ,. tho battery,
and th.y are m;shes. with an In
sulating separator e~s4cen them.
The separators ay bc OF thin wood
Or porous rubber.
SUSPENDED IN SOLUTION.
Tie plates are suspende! IN a
solution of su.phuric acid and dis
TILED water. whtaS is known es the
, 1925-01-25
Instructions Telling the Beginner How
to Place Every Part in the Set
and Make Proper Connections.
BY J. E. ]. MAHER.

The fourtube Filter Tuner is mounted on a twentyfour inch panel
OF bakehte Or hard rubber. Proceeding from the left We shall follow the
connections from the aerial to the output jack for the loud speaker.
Number one post going to "A is the aerial. which Is the upper terminal
o IN primary. and number two is the lower primary lead going to the
eround. both being connected in the back OF the set Number three is
n wer terminal u the secondary, connecting to the stator OF the
eleven plate variable condenser and to the grid post of the amplifier
socket This connection may be shortened somewhat by moving the
socket closer to the secondary than Il is shown In the drawing.
, 1925-01-25
Three ear-OId
Child Is Claimed

Martin Etchmendy. three year old
son OF Mr.. and Mrs Mitchell Fitch.
mrndy, OF 40 North jefferson
street, died early Saturday morning
Funeral services wcre held yeatcr.
day with scrvicoa conducted by
Father Mnnlcy OF 81. Anthony's of.
flclntlnE.
, 1925-01-25

OF Miss Agnow, For several weeks
the Sunday evening services in the
tabernacle viii be conducted with a
view to a large popular interest. and
the subjects viii be OF IN especially
Interesting nature.
, 1925-01-25

One consists OF the employment OF
a potentiometer to control the
grids Of the tubes.
Another method is to use small
primaries. 30 that the transfer OF
energy is too weak tocause oscilla-
tion when resonance ia reached.
In such sets five tubes are doing
the work of three.
, 1925-01-25
To Be
Subject of Sermon

The great question OF the relation
OF immortality to every day life will
be the subject of the sermon this
evening Al the First Presbyterian
tabernacle. \ synopsis includes
among others the following topics
The effect of tho belief In a future
, 1925-01-25

PARIS. Jan, ei-IIcnrl Gretts.
we'll known circus acrqbat. amazed
patrons Of tho Cate dos Gnrcona
Bons by hanging from a chandelier
during n dance. 1io later was ar
, 1925-01-25
oadcasti Is.
International

The close of the first quarter OF the twentieth century Is marked y
n period OF great achievement In radio broadcasing as developments
have gone forward at a great rate. With the adjunct of the stsrt
wave repeating, the range has been 8 extended that alnsst s-~y
corner of the globc cal be reached. The Use OF carrier caisont te1c-
phone systems has proved their reliability in dispatching serice far
, 1925-01-25
How to Care for
Storage Battery

AS the nsmo Implies, , storage battery is a storehouse of cleo.
difference 5otwoen aItorage battery and a dry battery is essentially
In that the tntur, like a non-renllable bottle, once emptied is useless.
Tho plates of most storage batteries III made of lead. with a
mixture OF nntfmony. Attached to- the plates is a paste. or active
material. which increases the chemical action necessary to produce
the current This paste Is forced into squares cut out of the Mate
, 1925-01-25
Home Saddened by
Death of Infant

Margery Dorothy Rohn. 1s
months old daughter OF Mr.. and
Mrs. II, E. Rohn OF $40 North .Jef-
ferson street. died Friday at Md.
night. Tho body is at tho shaffcr.
Gay funeral chapel. pending funeral
arrangements.
New Britain herald., 1925-03-13
"Cheney" Printed Silk
 s3@:se and s3&:ss yard

By their glitter you will know Fashions last word Tn Fairies Cheneys' characterfu silks, and possess that charm that give to a silk personality The cevery conceed designs are printed their Cinderella and Sweet B1ar 40 inches wide.
New Britain herald., 1925-03-13
EUROPEAN MARKETS
 MADE AVAILABLE
American Farmers May Sell
 Goods Abroad

Berlin March 13.-Ready always to help American farmers find mar kets In Europe for their produce, the department Of agriculture at Washington Is showing increased activity on the continent. After the war 1t took over the records and offices of the American system of food administration. and touay has bureaus in London, Berlin, Paris and Rome, with sub offices in var ious other strategic centers. Will liam A. schoenfeld has been sent to this city as general director for Europe.
 The products bought by Europe from America are, in the order of their importance, cotton, grain, to- bacco, fruit and meat. The various European bureaus study local crop reports, the needs of the popula- ton for the various articles im- ported, and the time when the American crop is wanted in Europe. They inform the European pur- chaser of current prices and, where ever the department has estab- lished standards recognized among the American producers. place these at the service of the Euro pean buyers. This increases conf- dence in American business hon. ssty, and thus helps the American producer in winning back the Eu- ropean market which he lost in large part during the war.
 Another phase of the work Of the European bureaus is that of keep ing information on improved meth odS of agricultural development discovered or introduced by Eu- ropean farmers. If a sugar beet grower in Germany succeeds in raising a partEularly fine grade Of beet through a method peculiar to his farm, the bureau in Berlin inn nediately investigates and sends its Information to Washington.
 The department of agriculture In Europe works in close cooperation with the commercial attaches ana the consulates, but limits itself strictly to raw products Take the ease of fruit, for instance. Apples pineapples or oranges in their na- tural state are the concern of the dep4rtment, but the moment an ap- pleis canned or dried, 1t falls with in the Jurisdiction of the conner
 -1s,r- cial attache. In this way overlap ping and conflict are avoided