davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
POULTRY men RATED
BY MATCHING RESULTS

Some people have never thought that
there was anything to do with eggs
that did not hatch other than to throw
them away. There Is, however, some
thing that can be done with them.
1t is the common-sense trick Of sort
ing them out before they are set or
inoculated. Why not follow the sug-
gestions of the states poultrymen and
take out all the eggs that have thin,
spotted, or cracked shells? They in
sist, too, that standard size is also a
big point to keep well in mind in the
selection of Matching eggs
Millions of dollars is the loss that
poultry raisers suffer from eggs that
do not hatch. The best poultrymen
are those who can raise the largest
number of chickens in proportion to
the number of eggs set. Selection Of
breeding stock and Of the eggs to be
set or incubated are, therefore, impor-
tant in poultry success.
Embryos that die in the shell cause
the greatest loss In incubation. Faulty
methods Of Matching combine with poor
eggs to produce this result To cor
rect this fault several precautions
should be observed. One of these Is
to have the breeding stock in excellent
health, with lots Of exercise and roOmy,
sanitary quarters. Another is care in
selection in eggs, and looking to the
details in incubation is another course
Of correction.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Handling Milk for Home
Use Is a Bic Problem

The farm home has its problems in
handling milk for family use. The
fact that milk is produced in abun-
dance on the farm does not necessarily
mean that it is used in large quanti-
ties in the farm home. There are
farms where the production Of milk Is
the principal line Of work, yet there is
but little milk used in the home.
1t is in the home on the farm where
only few cows are kept and where
butter is made and sold, or where
cream Is sold for butter making pur-
poses, that the use of milk is often
neglected. 1t has been said that some
such homes use less fresh milk per
person than do many homes in the
cities. The reason is apparent after
moments consideration. The principal
cause Of so small a quantity being used
is the fact that the farm does not have
the equipment for cooling the milk and
placing it on the table In a really
appetizing condition. The city house
wife receives the milk in clean, at.
tractive-looking bottle. The milk Is
cool when delivered.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Swiss Chard Is Worthy
of Place in Any Garden

Swiss chard or leaf beet Is q crop
worthy to be grown In every home
garden. Planted in April, row 10 or
20 feet long of this vegetable will pro-
duce good supply Of green's for the
average family from early summer
until freezing weather.
Sow the seed the same as the beet
to which family chard belongs, and
thin the plants to eight or ten inches
apart in the row as soon as they start
to crowd, using the trimmings for
good pot of green's. AS soon as the
outer leaves Of the remaining plants
get ten to twelve inches long, they are
cut off close to the point of attach
ment at the base, and the central part
Of the plant allowed to continue
growth until again large leaves are
produced, when again these are cut
and used Continued cutting Of the
outer leaves does not harm the plants
and they will flourish until October.
Some housekeepers strip the green
leafy portions from the thick white
midrib Of the leaf, use these as
greens and serve the midribs in the
same manner as asparagus.
Swiss chard is easily canned for
winter use, end Is successfully dried
if the thick midribs are split thin so
they dry evenly with the leafy portion.
AS green's this vegetable is most ex-
cellent served with melted butter, ba-
con grease or cream dressing in the
same way as spinach.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
FARM FEEDS NORMAL,
SAYS GOVERN M ENT

Oats and hay enough to make up for
the shortage in corn is the federal es-
innate Of the present supply of the
three main feed crops on the farms
of the nation.
Corn suffered a setback from nor
NAL in last years production. A crop
of 2,4O0000,0O0 bushels in 1924 has for
comparison a production of 100000
600 bushels in 1922 and 1923. This
1924 crop is 20 per cent lower than
that of the preceding two years.
Horses are due to face better
filed feed box than will hogs, accord
ing to the feed totals. The oats Of
1924 showed a 20 per cent increase
over 1922 and 1923. Production fig
ures on the past year give the oat crop
total Of 1,5O0,OO0,000 bushels The
two previous years each had crop
of 1,25O,OO0,0O0 bushels.
The hay crop shows q substantial
Increase over 1923. Prices are also
somewhat better. AS for oats, the
total value for 1924 consists in a so
per cent increase over the two pre-
vious years. Corn shows an increase
in total value of about 20 per cent.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Damaged Glover Fields
Will Produce Hav Crop

Glover fields that have been dam
aged or destroyed by freezing may be
made to produce good crop of hay
by thickening the stand with oats, bar
ley or sweet clover, or by blowing the
land and planting an emergency crop
Of soy beans, sorghum, sudan grass,
millet or oats and Canada peas.
If the stand of clover is very much
thinned oats or barley may be seeded
at the rate Of three or four pecks per
acre with a disk drill in April or early
May and cut with the clover for hay
when the grain is in the milk stage.
Sweet clover sown with the grain will
furnish pasture after the hay is har-
vested.
Where the clover is nearly all killed
out good crop Of hay may be grown
by blowing the land, drilling three to
six pecks of soy beans to the acre, or
seeding sorghum at the rate of fifty
pounds broadcast or ten pounds in
rows. Oats and Canada field peas are
seeded in April at the rate of IA
bushels each per acre, and if cut when
the oats is in the dough, make excel
lent hay.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Wise Plan to Treat
Oats to Avoid Smut
Operation Is Simple and
Gives Good Results.

When most farmers are making
ready to SOW oats, they know whether
or not smut Is present In their seed,
but a considerable number of farmers
do not know how significant oat smut
Is. Losses from this disease are COM
monty as high as to 10 per cent.
They may run less, or may destroy %
to 90 per cent Of the crop. The actual
losses from smut are not often ac-
curately observed in the field on ac-
count Of the early spread of the smut
masses. The casual observer is wont,
therefore, to underestimate the DAM
age and lay the poor yields to other
causes.
With but small amount of trouble,
and an expenditure not exceeding 2
cents per bushel, any farmer can treat
his seed oats with formalin solution
and eliminate the smut in one season.
The treatment consists in sprinkling
the grain with a solution, made by
mixing l pint Il pound) Of 40 per
cent formalin with 40 gallons of water.
1t is applied at the rate Of one gallon
to the bushel of grain, the grain being
shoyeled thoroughly during the appli-
cation. The grain is piled after treat
ment and covered with wet cloth or
canvas. After to IL hours the. groin
is spread out to dry.-H. e. Vasey,
Colorado Agricultural College, Fort
Collins, Colorado.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Fa:3:l..rlI:',n!.1I.l.E-.IH1ltI'..

Quality should begin on the farm.
Farming without plans is like sail
ing without charts.
A good colony of bees ought to give
200 pounds of honey year.
Burning off the woods to kill the
bugs is pretty sure way to kill the
trees.
In 1925 the biggest profits will be
made by producing the highest quality
stuff at lowest cost.
Diversifcation and orderly market
ing are as outstanding farming needs
as are the hip bones of poor horse.
Where sugar beets are to be grown,
very great care must be taken to
maintain a high degree of fertility in
the soil.
In planning the years farm activi-
ties it is we'll to remember that bank
ers do not usually consider one-crop
farmers as safe credit risks.
Repeated experiments indicate that
best corn yields come after fall plOw'
ing. 1t is an advantage also to get
the blowing job out of the way before
spring.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
[)(Nl[TRY
1@3SS3
HATCH CHICKS EARLY
FOR WINTER LAYERS

Early Matched chicks are the ones
that make the early and consistent
winter layers. However, this does not
Is Is desirable. Neither does it mean
that late April and May matched
chicks are the desirable kinds. The
problem Is to have the chicks Matched
sufficiently early to have winter lay
ing pullets and yet not have them so
early that they will mott In the late
fall. Again, the understanding,
smaller breeds like the Anconas may
be safely Matched later than the larger
breeds like the Wyandottes. Yet, all
in all, it appears to me that in far too
many cases, the Matching of chicks
on farms is too late and that few are
they who have their chicks coming Off
too early, writes A. c. Hartenbowe in
the Oklahoma Farmer.
Whether to incubate the eggs on the
farm or to buy baby chicks must be
governed to no small extent by the
equipment on the farm, by the prices
Of eggs when compared with that Of
baby chicks, and by the breeding stock
available In many cases, it will be
a paying proposition to purchase baby
chicks from reliable breeders to the
end, especially, that good stock may
be had to replace the mixed stock now
on the farm, while in still other cases,
where the farmer makes consistent inn
provement in his flock of pure bred
chickens by culling, using high-class
males or keeping a breeding pen, it
would be folly to send away for baby
chicks. / know there are thousands
of dollars practically thrown away
each year in purchasing baby chicks
for the simple reason that the equip
ment at hand for caring for the chicks
is not suitable, and the result is a
good per cent of the young chicks
never reach maturity. In other words,
the cost of those raised is away out
Of reason when compared with what
they will bring when sold either as
breeding stock or on the market.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Potato Reliable
Farm Vegetable
In Spring Plow, Disk and
Harrow Until Soil Is in
Good Condition.

Tho Irish" potato seems to me, says
a writer in an exchange, to be one Of
the most profitable and reliable vege-
tables than can be grown, as 1t is q
crop that very seldom fails.
For early potatoes an ideal place
should be selected, such as an old gar
den spot that has been improved for
several years. or place where clover
has been plowed under for several
years In succession. The clover causes
the land to be rich and loosens up the
soil. The soil should be of a medium
nature, light sandy just enough to be
In a good state of fertilization. Ma
nure the patch broadcast with good
stable manure In doing this not so
much Is needed in the row at planting
time. Break the ground good and
deep, then in the spring replow, disk
pulverized condition. Lay off the rows
8 or 31s feet wide, making the rows
good and deep. If possible cut your
pieces of potatoes so as to have two
eyes on each piece and use the whole
potato in doing so, as the larger the
piece the better the termination and
start the young plant will have.
Plant Quite Early.
Plant earlier than any of the rest Of
your neighbors, say in March, cover
ing the potatoes after dropping, with
manure and then deep with soil. Even
If the ground does freeze on top the
potatoes are getting a start As soon
as the freezing weather has passed
take a drag and run 1t across the
patch, then give a narrowing which
will again loosen up the soil. Planting
at this time, we know 1t. is too cold for
the young potatoes to come up, but
the pieces will sprout and take root
and young potatoes will begin to set
on even by the time the plant reaches
the top of the ground. Try small
patch planted at this time and see the
results, then compare with your neigh
bors and see if you don't have earlier
and better potatoes.
Starving Late Potatoes.
In strawing late potatoes prepare
your ground in the same manner as
you would if going to plant without
the straw, having it In good condi-
ton for planting. Lay 1t off in rows
about 21a feet wide and drop the po-
tatoes about 10 or IL inches apart, COW
ering them with an inch or so of soil.
Now bring on your straw and scatter
1t over the entire field of potatoes to
depth of 3 feet, as after a rain or two
the straw will settle down. After the
planting is all done, nothing more is
required until digging time.
In digging, a manure fork is used,
the straw being lifted off and your po-
tatoes are found lying on top of the
soil. Planting in this way saves a
great deal of time and extra work and
they will stand more of drought than
those planted in the soil. The straw,
when once it becomes wet, holds the
moisture, thus causing the small po-
tatoes to continue growing while, II in
the soil, they would not have enough
moisture, as it soon becomes dry and
hard.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Crop Rotation Big
Benefit in Garden
Good Way to Avoid Perpet-
uating Diseases

The same crops should not occupy
the same space in the garden from
year to year. There are several rea-
sons for this. One of the chief ones
is to avoid perpetuating disease which
may have afflicted some Of the vege-
tables the germs Of which may carry
over in the soil. AS members of the
cabbage tribe and the bean and pea
family suffer from different ailments,
their positions should be switched in
order that any such pests may be dis
continued.
A good plan is to reverse last years
plan and then change 1t back again
next year, thus furnishing rotation
of crops. If this is not done, at least
by moving the sections devoted to one
vegetable this year to some other po-
sition in the garden removed few
feet at least next year.
good rule would be to plant the
root crops next year where the leaf
crops such as lettuce and spinach
have grown this year or to give the
root crops the space next year Wnere
the legumes, term applied to mem
bers of the pea and bean family, have
been this year. 1t will not be diff
cult matter to study out this arrange
ment with little practice.
Planting the taller growing crops
such as corn and tomatoes on one
side of the garden one year and then
moving them over to the other side
the following season will be con-
venient method of securing rotation.
If rotation cannot be conveniently ar
ranged because of the small size OF
the plot, the best way is to make up
for the deficiency by careful fertiliz-
ing and occasional lining of the soil to
sweeten it up.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Fertilized and Lined
Soil for Clover Crop

At the Ohio agricultural experiment
station on land that has been properly
fortified and lined and worked into
a good seed bed, six pounds Of clover
seed per acre has produced seven
year average yield equal to that from
twelve pounds of seed under the same
conditions.
Slightly acid soils now in winter
wheat, according to L. E. Thatcher,
associate agronomist at the station,
may be put in good condition for red
clover by top~dressing the wheat with
a ton or more of finely ground lime
stone per acre when the ground is
bare and frozen A top-dressing Of
acid phosphate or Old fertilizer
early in the spring before sowing the
clover will greatly help the stand and
reduce the amount of seed needed.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Balanced Grain Rations
Favored for Dairy Cows

The following balanced grain ra-
lions to feed dairy cows cost approx
mately the same. They are recon-
mended for supplementing corn silage
and alfalfa hay, and should be fed at
the rate of seven pounds for each
pound of butterfat produced.
The first ration is 600 pounds corn
meal and 400 pounds bran. The Sec
ond consists of 500 pounds corn aMd
cob meal, 400 pounds ground oats, and
100 pounds cottonseed meal. The first
ration, with corn at ST per bushel-al-
lowing II cents per hundredweight for
grinding and bran at $1.25 per hun
dredweight-costs $1.65 per hundred
weight. The seSond ration-allowing
the, same price for corn and with
ground oats at $1.85 per cwt. and cot
tonseed meal at $2.45 per cwt.-totals
$1.68 per cwt.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
KEEP HOGS CLEAN,
is KEY TO SUCCESS

Rather than go back to former
methods, I would quit the business"
That is the statement of a corn-belt
farmer when asked about the santa
ton plan that is being inaugurated to
prevent the larger losses from round
worms and other filth-borne diseases
of young pigs.
The essentials of the new plan are
contained in the following outline:
Have the sows farrow in clean
pens, using in preparation I've and
boiling water.
Scrub the sows before narrowing.
supply the litter with clean bed
ding
When ready, haul, do not drive. the
SOW and her litter TO clean pasture
which has not been used for hogs
since cultivation.
Keep the litter in this pasture,
away from the permanent hog lot, I'M
til they are at least four months cid.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
FARM EACT.H1e

Let's adopt now permanent policy
of legume growing.
Fruits and vegetables are health,
and health is more than farm profits.
Top-dressing with manure is decid-
edly beneficial, with little danger of in
jury.
Like father, like son" is as true
in the plant world as among men and
animals.
Flax may be seeded early in the
spring or up to June 10. The earlier
seeding is generally better.
A farmer in one community can cap
italize on the experience of farmers in
other communities through the medium
Of the county agent.
A one-cent postal card may bring
you from the agricultural college pub
LEGATIONS worth hundreds of dollars to-
wards better farming.
The best time to sow alfalfa Is I'M
doubtedly in August, after the first
good rain, but spring seeding may be
successful if the conditions are good.
Hogging off corn has been found to
be very satisfactory method of har-
vesting the corn crop and finishing
pigs for the market and is becoming .
nonular practice
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Mammoth Glover Gives
Biggest Yield Of Seed

Mammoth clover usually gives a
little larger yield Of seed than medium
or June clover. There is usually very
little difference in the price secured
per bushel for Medium and Mammoth
clover seed.
The first crop of Mammoth clover is
harvested for seed. However, it is
advisable, in early June, to clip or pas
ture the field in order that the amount
of vegetative growth may be held In
check This practice usually increases
seed production.
Mammoth clover is approximately
two weeks later than June clover. so
that the clipping made in early June
will not be large enough for hay. If
the season is somewhat backward and
the growth produced is short, it is
not advisable to clip or pasture.
&C. r. Mcgee, Associate Professor OF
Farm Crops. Purdue University.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Poultry Hints


Gather eggs twice day.
Keep the eggs in cool, fairly dry
place.
Remember quality is essential for
best prices.
Know the shipping requirements of
express or railroad companies when
you use their services.
Market eggs at least twice week.
Delay in marketing means selling
stale and deteriorated eggs.
Keep an abundance of clean litter
on the poultry house floor. Clean
floors mean fewer dirty eggs.
Don't crowd the winter layers.
Each hen should have at least three
square feet of floor space, where the
flock is. confined In the house, for
maximum egg production.
Provide one nest for every four or
FIVE hens and make the nests of clean
material. Plenty of clean nests re-
duce the number of stolen nests and
the number of cracked and dirTv eggs
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
MANY MORE MOUTHS
TO FEED IN 1880

The latest worries OF the statistieians
have developed the estimate that In
1880 we will have a population Of 49,.
100000 here in these United States, &C
cording to P. e. McNall, economist al
the Wisconsin College of Agriculture.
With the study that brought out thia
estimate there was uppermOst In the
minds of these economists the question
Of whether or not this country could
support this population. The feeling
Of those who have the facts best In
hand seems to indicate that the United
States has nothing to worry about as
far as actual food requirements will be
concerned.
The things that this country will be
needing most around the year 1880 Will
be those made of wood, paper, and
fibers. Some statisticians would have
us believe that the sunny South would
very likely be claiming greater pro-
portion Of our population by that time
because of the lack of fiber for cloth
ing and wood for building. The latest
of figures show that vastly more OF our
land area would have to be devoted
to the production Of wood and hber
crops in order to have enough In 1880
If the present rate of consumption is
to be continued and increased.
Some of the prophecies for the food
situation about fifty-five years from
now include a diet somewhat more
vegetarian in nature, lowering Of the
meat consumption, and the use Of milk
at about the present rate. The yearly
production of our boyines will have
to amount to an average increase OF
1000 pounds of milk. Increasing the
production Of bacon pork is also fea-
ture, and another tentative production
increase will lie in the sheep industry.
both for meat and for wool.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-26
Incubation of Eggs Of
Various Fowls on Farm

The eggs from all but Muscovy
ducks will hatch in twenty-six to TWEEN
ty-eight days. Muscovy duck eggs re-
quire from thirty-three to thirty-six
days. Guinea eggs take from twenty
six to twenty-eight days to hatch. Tur-
key eggs hatch on the twenty-eighth
day, but it varies on an egg hatch on
the twenty-seventh day and the hatch
ing continues until, the twenty ninth
or thirtieth day.
Duck eggs in an incubator require
temperature of 102 degrees. This Is
also satisfactory for turkey eggs. The
guinea eggs will hatch at 102 to 1O3
degrees. Incubators are very sat;sfac
tory for duck eggs. Turkey eggs are
seldom Matched in incubators. Neither
are guineas.
A mixture of equal parts of bread
crumbs and rolled oats, and a sprin-
ling of about per cent sand is good
starting feed for ducklings. Bread
and milk is also satisfactory. Stale
bread soaked in milk and squeezed
nearly dry is good first feed for
poults. When three weeks old they
can be worked over to rolled oats and
fine chicks scratch feed, and larger
grains added as the birds develop.
There are many good rations for tur-
key poults but do not use sloppy
mashes Guineas like bread crumbs
and rolled oats and can soon eat fine
chick feed. They are great foragers
and insect eaters and will soon gather
most of their ration.