davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Radio and Railroads,

The railroads of the country are now
testing out the practicabilitv of using
radio in train control and raiIroad 4
communication, according to reports
from the telegraph and telephone SOC.
ton OF the American Railway Associ
alton convention at New Orleans.
Some tests have proved very salts.
factory, but further experiments are
to be carried out by many railroads
Primarily the railroad companies de.
sire to be able to keep both ends of
their long trains in communication
with each other, something accom-.
plished with great difficulty. on
seventy-fve to a hundred car trains
by means of hand, lantern and valve
signals. Difficulties increase, it is re-
ported, on curved tracks, as well as
at night and in fog.
The application of radio in control.
ling railroad ferry boats is also being
considered by several roads, HAVING
been tested with good results bv 2
Mid-Western road in Wisconsin and
Michigan. ''"
The railroad association has ALREADY
accepted the voluntary service of
members of the American Radio ReIay,
League, whose stations are adjacent
to the rights of way of certain roads
Tor handling emergency traffic.
Efficient communication via radio
both on the trains and to and from
trains in motion, would aid materiaIIv
In their efficient operation and increa Sc
the safety, it is believed
Evening star., 1925-11-08

across to the plate. The plate being
positively charged naturally attracts
the electrons in great numbers, be-
cause the latter are always negative
These electrons flow so rapidly that
they form a regular electrical bridge"
for the current to flow from the plate
across to the filament.
Dealer Gives Explanation.
IF the tube is to work properly as
an amplifier and prevent distortion,
II Is necessary to prevent this sort of
thing" the dealer explained THE
easiest way out of 1t is to connect into
the circuit a small dry battery of
about for or six volts so that the grid
will be given a negativeF potential
while the set is operating You can
readily see how by controlling the flow
or electronS the negatively biased grid
also controls the flow of current from
the plate to the fhament and how the
biased grid then acts as a means of
economizing on b battery current"
Smith was ready to see the blasting
process in operation on a receiving
set.
You need little more practice and
less theory" the dealer told him. For
instance, if you should ask me how to
connect the G battery in order to ac-
complish this blasting | would tell YOU
TO connect the negative side of the
battery to the grid return and the
positive side to the negative pole of
the a or storage battery. You'd be
more puzzled than ever.
Again Smith Learns.
But just look at this set Remem-
Der that when you talk about an am
pliter tube you start with the output
OF the detector tube or another am
plifier tube. Between the two tubes
there Is transformer. Without GO
ing into details about this you can
just picture a primary coil of wire at
tached to the plate of the detector
tube and to the positive pole of the B
battery. Over this primary coil there
is a secondary. The current induced
in this coil is fed to the grid of the
amplifier tube. But where does the
other end of the secondary coil wire
go?"
Smith examined the set and found
that the other end of the wire went to
the negative pole of the little G bat
terry. There was no place to connect
the other pole of the c battery except
to the negative pole of the A battery
He couldn't connect it to the positive
pole OF the A battery nor to the posi-
tive pole of the b battery, because
like currents will not go together.
1t was all clear to him after he had
seen the set in operation. He had
learned more than the mere theory of
grid biasing.
Next week-NO. 80: Potentiometer
Pointers.
(Copyright by the Ullman Feature Service !
Evening star., 1925-11-08

gether two or more important cities.
and then large numbers of branches
from the main road to the smaller
centers.
A number of terminals which must
be connected together are shown in
figure l. The wrong way to connect
them together is shown in figure 2.
In this diagram the connecting wires
are run from terminal to terminal.
This makes a poor-looking job and re-
quires the use of great deal of wire
The proper way to connect them to-
gether is shown in figure 3. In this
method d single wire is run through
between the two farthermost points
and short connecting wires are run
to this main road" from the smaller
terminals.
1t is often possible to shorten con
nections by changing the wiring dia-
gram slightly in the matter of physi-
cal connections without actually
changing its electrical characteristics
You may find, for instance, that the
changing of your battery switch from
the negative lead to the positive lead
of the "A" battery may enable you
10 shorten the connection. Such a
characteristics of the circuit, but it
often helps considerably in wiring the
set and shortening connections.
You may also find that where the
end of coil and a condenser terminal
are connected together on the wiring
diagram it may facilitate wiring if
you connect the end of the coil direct
to the positive or negative IA bat
terry leads as required, and connect
the condenser terminal to the same
lead at some other point rather than
at the point where the end of the coil
joins the lead.
In most cases where the audio
transformers are at the back of the
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Two Artists Share HonOrs.

Eva Gauthier, Canadian singer, and
John Powell, concert pianist, will
share honors in the sixth Atwater
Kent radio programs to be broad
cast tonight by WCAP and II other
connected stations.
Miss Gauthier has had one of the
best rounded out careers of pres
ent-day concert artists. Born in
Ottawa, she manifested from child
hood such pronounced aptitude for
singing that at 10 she had already
made reputation as a child prodigy.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, then COVER
nor general of Canada, and Lady
Laurier, devoted patrons of music,
decided to send Eva to Europe to
complete her education. After four
wears under the greatest teachers of
Paris and three years with the fa-
nous OXilia of Milan, Italy, Miss
Gauthier made her operate debut
in Covent Garden. London. She also
sang in concert in Italy, Belgium,
France. Holland and Denmark. She
was decorated by the Queen of Den
mark. an honor bestowed on only
four women and never on another
foreigner. She has spent three years
in the Orient and mastered the music
of India, Siam, Japan, China and
the Philippines. Under the protec-
ton of the Dutch government she
obtained permission to mingle with
the 800 wives of the Sultan of Java.
Her concert tour of Australia in
cluded more than 100 concerts.
Miss Gauthier sang in the Berkshire
festival, held under the patronage of
Mrs. Calvin Coolidge, in the Spring
of last year. Special interest attaches
to her radio debut, not only because
Of her remarkable voice, but also for
the unique program scheduled.
John Powell, who will join Miss
Gauthier in the radio concert, is a
native Of Richmond, Va. He there
began the study of piano, followed by
years Of study in Vienna under the
Evening star., 1925-11-08
HOOvER'S MESSAGE
| TO OPEN CONFERENCE
Final Plans Made for Radio Ses-
sions to Begin in Capital
on Monday.

Secretary Hoover's annual message
to the radio world, including his sug-
gestions and recommendations for fu-
ture development, officially will open
the fourth annual radio conference
tomorrow.
Final plans for the conference, an
nounced yesterday, call for daily
sessions in the Chamber of Com
merce Building, beginning at 10
o'clock. 1t Is expected that repre-
sentatives of the Canadian and Mexi-
can governments will be invited to
address the delegates after the open
Ing speech of Secretary Hoover. Fol
lowing the preliminary addresses, a
committee on committees will be ap-
pointed, which in turn will announce
nine committees to report on the prob
lens that confront the radio and
broadcasting world this year.
Contrary to the procedure followed
at last years conference. when the
opening session was held at night,
none OF the addresses of Monday will
be broadcast. Plans for broadcasting
the final reports and findings of the
meetings are still under Considera.
closing session ION the air." an ex-
tensive chain of stations probably will
be hooked up to handle the event.
Although it is not certain how long
the conference will last, it is gener-
ally expected that all the business
will be completed by Friday morning.
The chief subject for discussion at
the conference undoubtedly will be the
question of providing Government
regulations and restrictions to cover
the broadcasters of the United States.
Superpower is expected to come in for
a full share of the delegates time, be
cause opponents of the high-power
idea are sure to contend for check
on the tendency to continue step
ping I'd.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
BANDITS GET 7 YEARS.
Two Highwaymen Sent to Jail for
Long Terms Here.

David Bond and Thomas Allen,
both colored, were sent to the peniten-
tiary for seven years each Yesterday
by Justice Baile- in Criminal Di-
vision l for highway robbery. The
men saw Albert L. Robinson exam
lining an envelope containing money
on the street August l last and de
cided to get the money. Robinson
was struck down and relieved Of the
envelope, which contained $50.
Three years in the penitentiarv was
the sentence imposed on Charles
Jackson, colored. a wielder of a razor.
Jackson and Edward NJ Johnson.
also colored. got into a row August
II and a physician had TO put 365
stitches in Johnson TO repair the in
jury done by Jackson's razor.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
FIFTEEN MINUTES OF RADIO EACH DAY
BY JOSEPH CALCATERRA
Noted Authority on Radio
Prohnd
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction Prohibited.

set and no &C" battery is used. con-
Meeting the "F'' terminals with the
negative "A" battery lead between
the binding post and the battery
switch is much easier than bringing
long lead farther in to connect the
terminals with the lead at a point be-
yond the switch.
After you have made your parts lay
out, following the wiring diagram as
closely as possible, study the wiring
diagram carefully and see whether
you cannot change it slightly SO as to
make the actual connections on the
set easier without changing the cleo
trical characteristics.
In most cases you will find that
such minor changes can be made to
advantage
Evening star., 1925-11-08
NAVY CLERK ACCUSED.
Filipino Arrested on Charge O.
Forging officials Check.

Senor Pedro Guevari, Philippine
commissioner, is named as complain
ant against Nicanor Donesa, 25 years
old, a Filipino, employed as clerk in
the Bureau of Navigation, Navy De
partment, who was arrested Friday
day afternoon by Detective Darnall
and Springmann and held to answer a
charge of forgery. The defendant is
said by the police to have admitted
forging the commissioners name to
a check for 500 that was cashed at
Riggs Bank.
A second check he is alleged to have
forged is said to have been deposited
in bank by an innocent victim who is
reported to have advanced Donesa
part of the S100, the amount of the
check. The detectives are conducting
d further investigation.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Hold-Up Call False Alarm.

A reported hold-up near Thomas
Circle last night about 10 O'Clock re.
suited in hurried runs on part of
Detectives Jones and Brodie and De.
tective Barbee and other members of
the second precinct command. Toot-
ing OF horns on the speeding police
cars attracted the attention of numer-
GUS persons in the vicinity of Thomas
Circle. Police failed to locate hold.un
occupants of an automobile reported
to have operated in that vicinity. No
person was found who had seen or
heard anything of such an affair as
had been reported,
Evening star., 1925-11-08
PLAN NATIONAL HOME.
Maryland Clubwomen in Move for
Blind War Veterans.
Special Dispatch to The star.

Special Dispatch TO The star.
BALTIMORE, November IA ma
tional home for blind veterans Of the
World War will be sought by the
Maryland Federation Of Women $
Clubs as the result Of a resolution
adopted at the annual meeting of the
central district here this week.
An organization 70 be known as
the Auxiliary to the Battle Blind
was Joined by nearly a hundred mem
bers, representing over 40 women's
clubs of Baltimore and its vicinity.
The new club will be made a part Of
the Federation Of Women'S Clubs Of
the State. Education of the public and
the conducting Of active campaigns
for such a home will be the work Of
the group.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Watch for Short Cuts in Wiring Your

One Of the most important things
that the home constructor must watch
in building his set is to use as little
wire as is physically possible. There
are many ways in which the amount
of wire used in connecting several
wires or terminals together can be re-
duced.
Remember that u is not necessary
to run separate wire from a binding
post to each terminal with which the
binding post must be connected. Your
aim is to connect the required ter
minals togther, and to accomplish this
aim single wire running from ter
minal to terminal is sufficient.
Bus wiring is simply road building
applied to radio set construction. You
do not find separate roads running
from Chicago or any other large city
to every small city or hamlet. What
you find is a main road connecting to-
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Broadcast Unwilling Rites.

The ceremonies incidental to the
unveiling of the statue of Juan PavIo
Duarte, national hero of the Domini-
can Republic will be broadcast from
the Hall of the Americas in the Pan
American Union Building by WRC
Wednesday morning, November IS, at
II o'clock. The principal addresses
will be delivered by Secretary of State
Kellogg and the Dominican Minister.
A special musical program has been
arranged by the United States Army
Band, under the direction of Capt.
William j. Stannard.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Hoover to Review Radio ParIey.

Immediately following the adjourn
ment of the fourth radio conference
Secretary Hoover will take the air.
broadcasting personal report on
progress made and results achieved.
Those representatives of the industry
and the fans who were unable to at
tend will receive an early review of
developments directly from the lips
of the Secretary himself.
The Secretary has been urged TO
make this talk from WCAP Thursday
night. 1t is believed that a chain Of
stations will be hooked up 80 that a
large number Of fans will be able to
tune in.
only a three-day session of the con-
ference is planned, which would end
the sessions Wednesday, but in the
event that it runs longer the Secre.
tary Will give a report of progress
MADE up to the time he goes on the
air
Indications are that the largest
radio conference yet assembled will
meet tomorrow in the hall OF the
United States Chamber of Commerce
Acceptances already received include
over 3o0 representatives of the many
branches of the industry, broadcasterS.
amateurs, the press and the listeners
one hundred and fifteen broadcasting
stations. 40 papers and magazines
ana many other organizations are
seholng delegates. Canada, Mexico
ana Cupa are to be represented, as
well as every State in the Union
Arrangements for the details of tba
program are nearly complete, accord.
ing to Conference Secretary Paul S
Clapp, one of Mr.. Hoover's right.
hand men, who states that the bro.
gram will be available soon.
The department plans the issuance
or three lists of broadcasting stations
| lor the use of the representatives and
oelegates; one by wave lengths, an.
| by geographical districts, incIudjn %
states and cities. No list arranged bv
cali letters, however, is contemplated
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Canadian Amateurs to Meet.

Special Dispatch 10 The Star.
MONTREAL, November This
city has been chosen the headquar-
ters for a convention of amateur
radio telegraphers of Ontario, Quebec.
New Brunswick, No%d Scotia and
Prince Edward Island, which is to be
in session for three days, commencing
Thursday, November 26. Visitors are
expected from all of the provinces
mentioned and from the adjoining
States of the United States. Officially
the gathering is to be known as the
Eastern Canada American Radio Re
lay League convention.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
No. 38-On the Bias.

When Smith bought two new 45-
volt Is batteries recently he was adj
| viSed by the radio dealer to buy new
c battery as well. and before he real
! iZed 1t Smith was deep in the subject
| of grid biasing.
"They tell me that a c battery saves
| the B battery current Smith said to
the dealer But 1 can't see how a
small battery like this is going to
save these big fellows. 1t isn't log
! iCal"
NO, it's radio" the other replied.
You see. when you want tube to
amplify it is necessary to keep the
grid current flowing without revers-
| ing the process by having the filament
current flow over to the grid. 1t is
the action of the grid current that
controls the plate current, and the
plate current variations are what you
hear in the phones or the loud
speaker
Il know that" Smith said. but
the thing that puzzles me is the busi-
ness of using c. battery to load up
the grid with negative current and
then a grid leak to let the negative
current drain off when it becomes eX
cessive. If l were handling this mat
ter l should do away with this grid
blasting business and thus do away
with the need of a grid leak"
Smith Gets Confused.
You're getting confused" the deal
er explained. You're trying to hook
up all these devices to one tube.
Don't forget that in the average set
there are several tubes, maybe five
or six"
Smith couldn't see that this altered
the situation in the least.
About all you're telling me is that
in the average set this inconsistency is
duplicated five or six timeS!' he main
tanned:
The dealer told Smith that he was
all on the bias with the idea. and i'm
mediately tried to set him straight.
He explained to Smith that the grid
leak applied to the vacuum tube only
when it was used as q detector, and
that the business of grid blasting ap-
plies to the vacuum tube when 1t is
used as an amplitier.
That Simplified matters by eliminat-
ing the inconsistency, which really
hadn't existed at all. Smith next was
apprised of the fact that due to the
up the voltage applied to the grid of
the amplifier tube, there is a tendency
for the grid to lose its negative poten-
tial as the voltage on the plate eX-
ceeds so. Under such conditions the
grid starts to attract electrons from
the filament, causing a voltage drop
from grid to the tilament. Then. since
the eleCtronS find a ready path across
to the grid many Of them slip through
the mesh Of the grid wiring and get
Evening star., 1925-11-08
Salesman Is Sued by Wife.

Limited divorce is asked in a suit
filed by Helen l.. Gray against Arthur
Gray, a grocery salesman. They were
married at Petersburg, Va, April 27,
1918, and have two children. The wife
charges that the husband coming
home intoxicated, attempted TO smother
her with the bed clothing. Attorney
John a. Thompson appears for the
wife
Evening star., 1925-11-08
New Radio Station Opens.

SANTIAGO. Chile. November OP).
The newspaper FL Mercurio tonight
is inaugurating its new radio station.
CMCA, the most powerful in South
America. President-elect Figueroa
will deliver the first address. The
wave length of the station is 365
meters.
Evening star., 1925-11-08

Austrian masters of harmony and
composition. He made his debut in
Berlin in 1907, and later appeared in
London, Paris and Vienna and -
other concerts. He has since con-
certified In the leading cities of Eu-
rope and America.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
HOOVER TO REPORT.
Will Give Results of Radio Con.
ference on Air.

Secretary of Commerce Hoover will
report the results of the fourth ma
tional radio conference, which con-
venes in Washington tomorrow, TO
the radio audience Thursday night
through a chain of stations headed by
WCAP. He will speak from 9 to $50
o'clock, and WRC will stand by"
Stations which will be linked with
WCAP for the speech include WEAF,
New York; WEEI, Boston; WTAG,
Worcester, Mass; WIFI, Philadelphia
WGR, Buffalo; WWJ, Detroit; WSAI,
Cincinnati; Voc, Davenport; WCCO,
Minneapolis-St. Paul, and KSD, ST.
Louis.
Evening star., 1925-11-08
International Art Tonic,

Homer Saint Gaudens. director of
the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh.
will give the fourth of his series of
radio talks on international Art" At
station kDKA tomorrow night
Evening star., 1925-11-08
John Smith and His Radio
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.

''' se sSSusas s ss b, t% "aS O. sf1
Ss foe %s s safng m gae 0f unsnS Sns a ~
Evening star., 1925-11-08
KYW Nearly Four Years Old.

KYW's fourth birthday will be cele-
brated Armistice day, November II.
A continuous program from noon to
midnight has been planned
The daily worker., 1925-10-31
Teaching and Workers Education syAc Boss.

Why do you think 1t happened
hat. 2" "You know that such and
uch was the case. What would be
our explanation for it?" For those
who might disagree as to telling
versus asking" recommend John
Dewey's little book on How We
Think" Or the following remark by
A. Fichandler, "Never give any in
formation that some one else can give,
and never draw a conclusion that any
one else in the class can draw. :.
The student who answers a question
or draws a conclusion before the
teacher is filled with an electric joy
which makes that work really worth
while. j. The teacher who answers
the question for the class without
giving them a chance commits
crime"
Just few more suggestions
it is the duty of the student, to him
self and to the class, as well as of
the teacher, to see that a cut-and-dried
class is vitalized. The teacher should
be simple and patient in presenta-
tion, proceeding step by step, and
not going to the next one till the
previous ones are understood by most
Of the class. It is often difficult to
know when this is so, but it can be
done by questions, watching the class,
etc. He should watch the students
for interest and attention, and when
these lag, should renew them by
new attack, a lively touch, change
of voice (pitch, rapidity, etc.,, a
provocative statement, a "heresy,"
The daily worker., 1925-10-31


Titles should be made interesting.
Where do profits come from?" po-
pularizes surplus value" and "Why
and when do we have unemploy-
ment?" does the same for "periodicity
Of crises" A last point-the teacher
should begin with and constantly
recur to points of contact in the
students own life and activities,
especially in the branch, shop nucleus,
shop, union, etc. The constant aim
Of every course must be bolsheviza-
ton and politicalization, even in Eng
lish, in literature, and in art courses.
In closing, short sample of how
the discussion method, as differing
from the lecture method, might be
used.
l. Brief review of previous lesson,
with students doing most of the ex-
planning.
2. Short talk by teacher, with use
of maps, charts. and blackboard.
Questions discussion should be per
mitted to interrupt, not relegated to
end of lecture, when most will be
forgotten or the point have become
hazy.
3. Questions by class, with students
answering as many of them as pos
sible.
A. Discussion, with teacher as
guider, not monologist.
5. Questions by teacher-to ensure
that silent students got points of les
son; to fill in gaps; to further clarity
understanding and add to knowledge
on point; and to apply conclusions