davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-07-26

whether atheists. expressly rejecting
all religions. are entitled to be consid-
cred as a sect may constitute another
of the hair-splitting questions brought
up by the Wittner case.
Contains Presidents Oath.
The Constitution itself contains the
text Of only one oath-that taken by
the President of the United States.
This is practically identical with the
one prescribed in the Federal statutes
for all other Government employees,
with one exception. The words 80
help me God" are not included.
Thus the trainers of the statute saw
At to include a qualification for the
Treasury clerk which the trainers Of
the Constitution did not see fit to i'm
pose upon the Chief Executive of the
Nation. Presidents have at times
voluntarily added the words in tax
ing the oath of Offices. The late Presi.
and impressively when he had repeat
ed the text of the oath after the Chief
Justice.
Another knotty question, it was
pointed out at one ONCE yesterday
concerns the exact meaning of the
word God" Is specific supernatur
al being addressed in the oath, the
word being used as a proper name?
Is this specific supernatural being the
Hebrew Jehovah, whose promises TO
man in the Old Testament are re
deemed by the appearance of a Mes
siah as recounted in the New Tesla
ment? In this event the Divinity
could be invoked for aid by a Hebrew,
Christian and probably a Moham-
medan with a clear conscience. but
much more subtle point would be rails
ed In administering the oath to
Bhuddist or a Persian follower of
Zoaroster. whose god is expressly a
personiflcation OF the sun.
Religious Liberty Provided.
While the Constitution provides for
religious liberty. one official pointed
out, 1t does not impose on the Gov
ernment any responsibility for per
mitting under the guise of religion
anything detrimental to public morals.
It is doubtful whether a statute could
be overthrown on the ground that 1t
| linterfered with the worship of some
sect, II it could be shown that the sect
had not been specifically considered in
framing the law, since It would be the
duty Of the followers to make their
worship legal. 1t would be impossible
| to extend absolute religious liberty
this lawyer pointed out. and cited the
case or a purported religious sect or
ganized shortly after the passage Of
the Volstead act, the chief article of
faith of which was the necessity of
| frequent communion. The material of
, communion was prescribed as rye
whisky.
A sect might be organized, this man
pointed out, which prohibited learning
to read. A communicant of this cuSS
obviously would be barred from most
Government jobs, but he hardly could
claim that this was a case Of religious
discrimination, although his disability
was rendered necessary by the die
tates of his religion.
Some such condition might obtain
in the case of an atheist, this lawyer
said.
| Another delicate issue, II was stated,
will be the right of a Government en-
ploye like Wittner to institute legal
| proceedings against his employers
| has been done by naming the Treas
urer of the United States one of the
defendants.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
H0KEY P0KEY GIRL SELLS
ICE CREAM IN LONDON
Said to Be More Dainty in Han
ding Wares Than Male
Dispensers
Correspondence of the Associated Press.

Correspondence of the Associated Press
LONDON, June 3o.-The hockey
pokey" girl has appeared in London
hundreds of her. The hokey pokey
ice cream man arrived three or four
years ago, by leaps and bounds. and
is now a familiar sight in any part of
London. every afternoon and evening
during the warm weather. One firm
alone has 1900 men. on three wheeled
bicycles. who sell ice cream sand
wiches for penny. and recently
another firm, with the same convey
ance for carrying the ice cream packs,
started with young women as dis
pensers.
The contention is made that girls
naturally take more interest in their
work. and are capable of making
more sales because of their ability
to make friends more quickly and TO
handle the hokey pokey more daintily
than their men and boy competitors.
Evening star., 1925-07-26

Continued from First Page)
rights had been restored by act of
Congress.
The clause was attacked by James
II. Garland, afterward Attorney Gen
eral under Cleveland, on the grounds
that 1t constituted a bill of attainer,
prohibited in American law, by which
men were punished without trial. The
punishment consisted in being barred
from Federal job. 1t obviously was
impossible to try man for something
| which legally, so far as a veteran s
civil status was concerned, had the
standing of never having happened.
After a long fight Garland was sus.
tanned and the objectionable words
stricken from the oath, leaving 1t ex-
actly as 1t stands on the books today.
1t may be argued that the words
so help me God" mean nothing to an
atheist, such as Wittner has publicly
declared himself to be, and that II he
took such an oath without making
clear his position he might be taking
false oath. In these circumstances
the nature of the oath bars him from
| the service and may constitute a bill
of attainder." The atheist Is punished
without trial because II he does no,
take the oath sincerely and without
any mental reservation he may be
taking a false oath, and he certainly
cannot be tried for a crime which does
not exist in American Jurisprudence
viz, denying the existence of a Su
preme Being.
The words 80 help me God" at the
end of the oath, usually mumbied sc
rapidly that they are unintelligible
| nevertheless are there for purpose
| fv1fA Aotn 6ng In
Office which eventually may handle
the case, and special provisions are
made in court practice for instances
where they may mean nothing to the
| witness.
Moral Responsibility.
| A child, for instance, usually Ii
! asked simple questions which will in
dicate whether II has any sense ot
moral responsibility to a Supreme
Being.
Thus the court might ask: do yor
know what happens to little children
when they tell wrong stories?"
If the child should answer: They
go to a bad place when they die" o,
similar words, the moral responsibility
probably would be considered estab
, ished.
If the child answered that it's father
would spank 1t, its availability as q
| responsible witness would be less
clear.
| Witnesses of other than Christian
| faiths often are allowed to suggest
themselves oaths which they consider
binding. Thus a comparatively recen
| instance was cited yesterday where
a member of a peculiar Japanese cul
was allowed to take an oath which
| consisted in splitting the head of {
| live chicken with a knife.
| The leeway provided by the courts
! however, never has found its way intC
the Government services which de
mand one oath for all creeds and cults
The Constitution states expressly
| mo religious test shall be a quail
| fication for any Office of public trust.
BY this provision. II was pointed
out yesterday. It would be impossible,
| to discriminate between a Catholic anC
| Protestant or Christian and Bhuddis
! in making a Federal appointment, bu
Evening star., 1925-07-26

part of our fundamental law in 1871,
two years after the adoption of the
Constitution itself
There can be no question as to the
intention of the trainers of the amend
ment. Upon the principle that every
man was guaranteed the right to wor-
ship God. or not to worship God, ac-
cording TO the dictates of his own con-
silence, our country has enjoyed a most
singular freedom from strife because
Of religious controversies.
Members OF Christian denominations
al bodies can in no surer way bring
disrespect and disaster upon the
Christian religion than by endeavor-
ing by legal provess 10 force their par
ticular beliefs down the throats of
men and women who do not hold to
their way of thinking.
RALPH REED WOLFE.
Editor IA ~ ford r1t
Evening star., 1925-07-26

make Congress supremely ridiculous.
II. r. GAIT,
Editor st. Paul Dispatch and Pioneer
Press.
Foresees Chance of
Prolonged Conflict.
RICHMOND, Va. July 25.-If not
directly in conflict with the rights
guaranteed under the first amend
ment to the Constitution, the proposal
violates the principles on which the
amendment is based. II restricts the
free exercise of religion and ii pre-
scribes, in effect, religious tests for
the office of teacher. 1t implies moth
ing short OF the domination of the
state by the church, for there is only
one step from prohibiting the teach
ing of one thing to requiring the
teaching of another.
Unless Congress displays common
sense and courage in refusing to con-
slider this dangerous policy the move
ment may be extended in the name
of a mistaken morality until 1t pro
vokes a controversy as bitter and as
general as that which led TO the war
between the States. The issue is not
one of scientific truth. but of human
freedom. DOUGLAS FREEMAN,
Editor News Leader
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Sees Large Field
For Working Mischief.

BALTIMORE, July 25.-There are
many State schools and colleges which
receive Government aid largely for ex-
tension of agricultural work. While
not familiar with their curricula. we
have no doubt that all of them bring
to attention the theory of evolution.
1t will thus be seen that Mr.. Upshaw
has a large field in which to work
mischief, and into which to bring dis
cord and dissension.
OF course one Congressman does
not constitute the army of fundamen-
talists, but there is apprehension en-
tertained that more of them, taking
their cue from Mr.. Bryan, are getting
ready to put the Bible into politics
with all those disastrous consequences,
fear of which led the trainers of the
Constitution to declare that Congress
shall make no law respecting an es-
tablishment Of religion or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof.
Possibilities of such a development
will not lessen objection to the coun-
sci of those who would give the Fed
eral Government greater control of
education, holding out as a bribe in
creasinS aid to States willing to ac-
cept the money. The mere threat of
the fundamentalist is a striking illus.
tration of the danger of wholly un-
foreseen complications that may arise
from these ubsidies.-Baltimore Sun.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
See "0diOus" Attack
On State Rights.

BUFFALO, y. Y. July 25.-For
Congress to interfere with school ad-
ministration would be an intolerable
invasion of the rights Of States. 1t
would be an equally odious onslaught
upon the rights of localities. the prin-
ciple of home rule. Once let Congress
say that evolution or any other hy-
pothesis of science shall not be taught
in schools and Congress will have a
finger in every bureau of State educa
tional authority and in every local de-
partment of education. 1t would have
that whether evolution is right or
wrong. 1t would have il no less were
IL to order the teaching of evolution
than If IL were to forbid II. Keep Con
Gress out of 1t. That is the focus of
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Mistake to Curb
Scientific Research.

KANSAS CITY, Mo, July 25.-It
Is a serious mistake for a State Legis-
lature to attempt to restrict the teach
ing of evolution or any generally ac-
cepted scientific truth in the sup
posed interest of any creed.
1t would be an infinitely greater
mistake, an unthinkable mistake, for
Congress to undertake to impose any
such restrictions, experience has
amply demonstrated from the time of
Calico down, 1t is unwise for gov
erning bodies whether of church or
state to attempt to interfere with
scientific teaching. Sound scientific
research is never hostile to true re-
ligion, whatever may be the appre-
hension of those whose Interpretation
of religion may be disturbed by some
scientific advance.
In the light of history and of Amer
lean tradition in separating church
and state, one cannot conceive of re.
strictive legislation by Congress
against the teaching of evolution.
IRWIN KIRKWOOD,
Editor Kansas City Star.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Restriction Upon
Teaching Would Grow.

NEW ORLEANS, July 25-I think
1t would be grave mistake for Con
gress to restrict the teaching of evo-
the precedent be established by this
restriction it would be only a question
of a short time before restriction on
many subjects now taught in our
schools and colleges would be agi-
tated and a liberal college education
might only be had through a bootleg
college.
LEONARD K. NICHOLSON,
Editor Times. Picayune
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Public VIII Ask
Pertinent Questions.

BOSTON, July 25.--It takes a long
time to persuade the world that the
letter kilieth. 1t has never been done
completely, but the new APE case"
that has just, been commenced in
Washington may go a measurable
way toward that end, If the great is
sues involved are treated as they ought
to be- The stage is set for a much
more conclusive examination of the
real issues than was afforded at Day
ton, for there, whatever rights the
question brought In, the only issue
was whether a certain State statute
had been disobeyed. The public will
set itself to asking what is disrespect
for the Bible. Is 1t the Bible of the
Protestant? Is 1t the Bible of the
Roman Catholics? Is 1t the Bible of
the Jews? They are not the same. The
public will go a step further in the
inquiry forced upon it, and will ask
who and what may be that man or
men who shall have power to define
disrespect? The idea of regulating
and confining the thinking of others
Is grateful to a great many men and
women who are satisfied of their own
good intentions, but very much in
doubt as to those of others. They
overlook one thing however, and that
is, that 1t is a game that more than
one can play.
P0STON TIP NSCIPT
Evening star., 1925-07-26
BOSTON TRANSCIPT.
Would Make Congress
"SupremeIy Ridiculous" :"

ST. PAUL, July 25.-The st. Paul
Dispatch and the Pioneer Press be
Iieve all legislation undertaking to re
strict teaching of evolutionary by
pothesis is unconstitutional; they be
/ lieve that an effort on the part of Con
gress to senact an anti-evolution bill
could have no other result than tc
Evening star., 1925-07-26

Between December l and July l at
least 239 coal mines in Great Britain
were closed and as high as 200. 900
miners were out OF work at one time.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Congress Should
Keen It's Hands Of.

TOPEKA, Kans., July 25.-In view
of the language of the Constitution
that Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion
or prohibiting the free exercise there
Of, 1T would seem that no Congress
will dare to pass such. a law which
will in any way interfere with fullest
and freest exercise of the individual
belief or scientific investigation In
search of the truth in biology. This
is matter about which Congress
should keep hands off.
We have gotten along very well for
more than a hundred years without
any law of this kind, and can get
along very well in the future without
1t. Whether there is any conflict be.
tween Genesis and science is not a
question to be answered by Congress,
legislatures or courts. Churches do
not need the backing of Government
to sustain their beliefs, and most of
them are not asking 1t. On the other
hand, the true scientist Is not trying
to make a fight on the churches. All
he asks is to be let alone with the
privilege of trying to find the truth.
The business of the church is not
to teach science, but to persuade men
and women to a better manner of
living. The business of science is not
to teach religion, but to make patient
investigation of the great book of
nature and discover If possible what
it's secrets are.
H. t. CHASE.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
H. t. CHASE,
Editor Topeka Capital.
Danger to Religion
Is Seen In Situation.

HARTFORD, Conn. July 25.-The
is termed the war between the funda-
select the next session of Congress for
their battle-ground Is distinctly un.
pleasant. Religious controversies have
no place in the House or the Senate
The Constitution of the United States
specifically says that Congress shall
make no law respecting an establish
ment of religion. or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof, or abridging the
freedom of speech of the press, or
the right of the people peaceably to
assemble and to petition the Govern
ment for a redress of grievances. That
first fl aAe of s the 70 O. original gin IL amen men sents M
to the Constitution which be9{ne Q
Evening star., 1925-07-26

CONTINUED from First Page)
with equal complacence upon all
theories OF which the merely human
mind is capable when presented as
theories. but that will not keep Con
gress from inflicting an evolution row
upon the District of Columbia II Con
gress thinks 1t can gain political
advantage thereby.-Detroit News.
Believes Congress
VIII Spurn Measure.
BIRMINGHAM, Ala, July 25.-The
proposal to introduce a measure in
Congress restricting the teaching of
facts relative to the theory of organic
evolution could not be taken seriously
were II not for the recent spectacle
of people taking it seriously in the
Tennessee case. Our Constitution
does not contemplate any such inter
ference with the freedom OF opinion
and belief. II is not believed that
Congress will pass such measure
nor that the Supreme Court would up
hold it II 1t did. The difference be-
tween science and section of
religious belief must be fought out in
some other area.-Birmingham Age
Herald.
Congress Is Deemed
Incapable of Discussion.
DENVER, July 25.-In all of the
Congress of the United States there
are not a half dozen members quail
fed to write to speak intelligently on
the doctrines or theories of evolution
as applicable to modern education.
Proposal to have the national legis-
lative body take up the question that
is agitating the church and scientific
circles. and great body of the public
in superficial fashion, should be frown-
ed on by those having the interest Of
Congress itself at heart and by those
who would retain among the people
respect for religious beliefs.
II Congress opens the door it can
be said of it that fools rush in where
angels fear to tread.
Nothing can be gained for religion
by such a move, and science cannot
be interested in such debate. Those
who have studied deepest the rela-
ton of evolution to religion are the
ones most careful in their utterances
and least anxious to have the question
banded back and forth by politicians
and empiricists. Neither science nor
religion can gain anything from such
practices. True friends of Christianity
pray that Congress keep hands off
and sincere investigators will ask the
same thing. Those only who have
something to gain from publicity will
seek to stir the political pool with a
new and potentially dangerous in
jection.-Rocky Mountain News.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
CONGRESS TO GET
WITTNER'S BIBLE
AND OATH ISSUES

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-07-26
CONGRESS LACKS POWER TO BAN
EVOLUTION, EDITORS SAY HOTLY
Proposed Federal Statute You'd Be IntOIerdbIe
lnuasion Of Private Rights, Surrey OF Opinion
By The Star Indicates.

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-07-26
DRY DRIVE DELAYED
UNTIL SEPTEMBER |;
PROGRAM CHANGED

Continued from First Page.)
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
Traffic Bill Passes Senate.

After extracting the highway patrol
section from the bill by close vote,
the senate passed almost unanimously
the measure which revises traffic
laws of the state and aims to place
travel upon the roads on a common
sense" basis.
The provision in the bill which al
lowed the state highway commits
sioner to place patrolmen on the state
roads was stricken because the Far.
mer-Labor group modified against it,
and also gathered to their support
some senators representing rural con-
stituencies. The vote to eliminate the
patrol feature, the main regulatory
provision Of the bill, was 20 to %. The
bill as amended passed with only two
dissenting votes.
Among the provisions of the state
highway traffic code bill as passed by
the senate are:
State highway department or NUM-
cipal authorities may establish arterial
highways, and cars seeking to turn
onto them from a cross street or to
cross the thoroughfare must come to
"a full stop before proceeding.
All fines collected for violations Of
the traffic bill shall be turned into the
state treasury instead Of going into
local Golfers. This is designed to pre-
vent local communities from setting
speed traps which are operated by Of
ficers whose pay is based upon a per-
centage Of the fines collected
Nobody may operate car who is un-
der 16 years of age.
No person shall operate, or halt, a
vehicle on a public highway at a speed
to endanger life and limb. The halt"
feature is new and is designed to ex.
pediate traffic.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
FALL|ND|CTMENTS
QUASHED BY COURT
Presence of Government Counsel
in Grand Jury Room Illegal,
Judge Holds.

Washington - The governments Ell.
fort to secure criminal conviction
against Albert B. Fall and the oil
magnates who negotiated the cele.
brated western oil land leases with
him encountered a serious setback
when all Of the indictments were
thrown out of court.
Because Of the present in the
grand jury room of an assistant at
torney general while the indictments
were being drawn up last summer
the District of Columbia Supreme
Court held that neither the former
interior secretary, Edward L. Doheny
Harry F. Sinclair nor Edward ]. Do.
heny, Jr., had been legally indicted.
1t was charged that Fall and the
two Dohenys maintained an unlawful
conspiracy from July l, 1921, to Dec,
II, 1922, to enable the Pan-American
Petroleum Company to obtain and
control Naval Oil Reserve No. in
California.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
FORD PLANNING AIR SERVICE
AII-MetaI Plane for Use on Twin City
Line Tested.

st. Paul - Plans are developing
rapidly for establishment of the pro-
posed Twin City-St. Louis-C hicago-De'
troit air transportation line, it became
known.
Following the successful demonstra
ton flight Of the new all-metal air
plane, the type proposed for the four
city line, Edsel Ford announced in De-
troit that he would Immediately put
two planes in operation with Ford
tonnage over the Detroit Chicago sec
tor Of the route.
The Chicago-Twin City section will
be the second put into operation
and will follow closely establishment
Of the Detroit-Chicago connection, &C,
cording to reports from Detroit. The
Twin City airport field will be located
near the Ford plant in st. Paul.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
DODGE HEIRS PAY BIG TAX
Cash Agreement for Transfer of Motor
Plant is Reported Signed.

Detroit, Mich. - The heirs of Hor.
ace E. and John F. Dodge will owe
the United States about $12,OOO,OOO
in taxes from the sale of the automo'
bile plant to interests represented by
Dillon, Read & Co., New York bank.
ers.
In arriving at the amount Of the
tax, the sale prices it placed at $751;.
100000 and the value Of the property
when the heirs became owners Of 1t
in 1920 at $54,OO0,OO0. 1t Is informed
by revenue collectors that the pres.
emit owners are responsible for the
tax only from the time the property
came into their possession. The tax
is 12k per cent, which figured roughly
on $9S,OOO,0OO, amounts to $12,000,000
or $12,5OO,0O0.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
FORD PLANT TO OPEN MAY |
To Operate as Assembling Plan and
Later Build Cars.

Minneapolis - Opening Of the new
$10,0O0,00O Twin City plant Of the
Ford Motor Co. on May 1 was an
nounced in Detroit by A. w. Bendick,
who will come to the Twin Cities next
week to become resident manager OF
the manufacturing plant.
The new factory will first operate
as an assembly plant, according to
the, Detroit announcement, and later
will begin the manufacturing Of cars.
First operations call for the filling of
orders now on file at the Minneapolis
branch.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
Raisun Loot Hidden In Caves.

, Tetuan, Morocco - The place where
Raisuli, notorious Moroccan bandit,
hid most Of the treasures he stole
during the many years he ,raided the
countryside. has been revealed to
Abd-El-Krim, leader of the rebels in
their war against the Spaniards. Raj
suli is prisoner OF Add ElKrim at
Axdir.
Natives arriving here from head.
quarters of bd-El-Krim say that Raj.
suli informed the Moroccan rebel lead.
er that his booty lies in subterranean
chambers In the Buxhaxen mountains.
The Tomahawk., 1925-04-09
[S3lI}[}Sk}'ijlg|SR}s4
Well Posted

Well Posted
Eastern Tourist-So this is Grand
canyon?
Antelope 'Andy-Yeh!
Eastern Tourist-How was It
formed?
Antelope Andy-One year there was
an oversupply Of post holes in the
West, and so they piled 'em up here
California Pelican.