davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

prove and to stimulate the agricultur.
al education or Jextention work, (agri-
cultural cooperation and technical
Improvement. Of the methods of agri-
culture. } The movement is recognized
as very important in the life of the
nation. Torchange the system of crop
rotation, diversified farming, pure
seeds, best breeds of animals and
fowl. mechanization, pest control, cleo
IRRIGATION of farms are the most vital
point Of the agricultural work Of
agronomist and commissariati of agri.
culture in the u. S. S. r.
What the Russian peasant needs is
up-to-date farming machinery and this
only the United States can give him.
The old Russian school learned from
the German text books and was very
theoretical andnot in close touch with
the farmer which. had been establish
ed. The extension work was very
limited and the, assistance of the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
BY MORRIS HAcKALL

WHEN one visits New York and
w sees the change that took place
among the rank and file Of the inter-
national Ladies' Garment Workers
Union, he feels that a new spirit pre-
walls among the members of organized
labor in America. | visited meeting
of Local g. of the l. L. G.. w. u, and
heard the discussions and problems
presented and saw that a new life had
rejuvenated among the rank and file.
/. But the storm center now in New
York shifted to the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers Union. There a
real fight is on. A real revolt is TAX
ing place and the causes are as real
as immediate as it was in the |. l..
g. w. u that brought about the sue.
cess of the rank and file, of the pro-
gressive clements and of the left wing
groups.
Back Where They Started
The Amalgamated Clothing Workers
Union started as a real progressive
organization. The tailors in the shops
in New York as in Chicago, Rochester
and Baltimore, expected a new era in
their life. They organized as a result
of the great revolt against the reac-
tionary United Garment Workers
Union. But now after years of real
struggle they find themselves con-
fronted in a revolt against their lead
ers and against the methods and tao
tics that are still prevailing in their
union.
1t is surprising to find that the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers in
New York is conducting itself just as
the garment workers union of the
past, against whom the present lead
ership of the Amalgamated declared
a revolt and on whose ruins they built
up the present organization.
The Garment Workers Union had a
small membership and its methods and
tactics grew out of this old-fashioned
and small organization but the tailors'
union developed to a very wide and
broad organization. From 5000 mem
bership the Amalgamated union in New
York counted already 10000 members.
So it is evident that they could not
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
Review of the Farm Needs of Soviet Union

Bookhara, this kind. iof sheep are
raised for mutton and wool primarily.
The lamb skins OF eafacul sheep are
the object of the export from Russia
20 this country. Tie interest in the
caracul a few years ago was very
acute in this country The American
explorers and Dr. EYoung introduced
caracul sheep into this country and
into Canada and this type is raised
in many American farms
The fine wool type tof sheep suffer
ed very badly dur7fg the civil war
and world war but! is at present on
its way to restoration. Commissariat
of agriculture recognizing the neces-
sity of re-establishnent of fine wool
sheep industry recently undertook the
steps known to American Rambou-
bier sheep breeders. That was only
a part of the program.
The swine industry is quickly re-
established at the present time and
the total amount OF the swine in the
u. S. s. r. is increased enuf to meet
the demands for hams, lard and
bacon. The movement of the re-esta-
blishment was as follows:
1915 1928 1924 1925
1000 46.7% & ,.S6.O96 1920
THE decline from 1924 to 1925 is
l. caused by the over-production of
the low grade swine which cannot be
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

Now came the time for animal in
dustry and poultry. First have been
shipped to Russia a fine breed of
chickens, second, fine wool sheep and
swine. The eye of the commissariat
of agriculture is looking forward to
the next years to meet the demand OF
the real power of the u. S. S. R.. the
Russian peasant, and what will be
next can be, predicted. After the peas
ant will be supplied with seeds, ma
chinery, pure breed livestock. the
country will need canning machinery.
oil presses, reflectors, butter making
installation, machinery for factories
to work out the products of agricul-
ture and all of that might be pur-
chased in America.
A Russian agricultural agency has
been established in America in, 1921.
in full accord with the U. S. depart
ment of agriculture from one side and
the commissariat of agriculture or
Narkomzem of the U. S. S. r. on the
other. This country has been visited
by many leading scientists and agron-
omists from the U. s. S. R. After their
return, they described what. they saw
in the United States and this infor,na-
ton has been added to their reports
sent periodically by Russian agricul-
tural agencies in America to the COM
missariat of agriculture, experiment.
al stations and agricultural colleges
in the U. S. S. R..
Many purchasing commissions came
to this country with men of
energry, devotion and knowledge. One
such commission sailed recently for
Russia after cordial reception in
this country.
May we assure you, gentlemept
that that was just at the start. The
visit we refer to of Mr.. M. S. Perefer-
kovich and Prof. M. F. Ivanov com
manded by commissariat of agricul-
tural or Narkomzem is the turning
point in the policy of Narkomzem
That was the first step and a serious
step towards the establishment of an
exchange in the agricultural line.
# / am extremely sorry that both
gentlemen mentioned above are not
here and can't add some details To
what j have said.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

tonomy, there is yet in New York a
remnant of three separate Joint
Boards which are called among the
rank and file, three separate king
doms, in the same industry. These
are: the Joint Board of the mems
clothing, children's clothing and cut
ters. They conduct their business in
such a fashion that they may contra
dict the needs Of each other.
They are detriment to the unity
and solidarity of the workers in the
whole industry and they are working
havoc with the interests of the union
as a whole, And very often they be-
come instruments of destruction when
it is desirable to the cliques and the
officers of the unions,
shortsighted Tactics
The cutters, for instance, never con-
sidered the conditions of the workers
of the entire industry and when they
received concessions on account Of
the workers of the other locah, they
even often refused to strike and to
fight together with the workers of the
entire industry, The cutters became
4 kingdom and state within the A.
c. w. u of America
The leaders always said: I'VE cam
not undertake fight within the locals
md the Joint Boards" But the truth
If the matter is that in their striving
or power they forgot the real needs
nd problems of the workers. They
ere afraid that in a united and or
anized industrial union of the tailors
j New York, the rank and file may
take away the power of the leaders
and determine themselves their own
destines and mode of life. And for
the same reason the leaders are
against the shops delegate system.
Because this also would create an or
ganizational system of leadership in
the rank and file.
Unjust Representation
The second great evil that is also
left as an Inheritance of the Garment
Workers Union is that the Amalga-
mated organizations all over the coun-
try, Chicago, Rochester, Boston, New
York, Philadelphia, has a Joint Board,
constituted not in the form of proper
tional representation, but of delegates
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
The New Land Slavery

Capitalism nexorable brings all forms produc
ton under its Having filled almost every available industrial
center with its machines to which millions of slaves deprived
of all property except their power by
present threat of poverty and hunger and having its aons
the remoest parts the globe reaches
satisfy its Unsuitable greed
The free" falling the domination big
capital The Coolidge speech delivered Chicago Monday clearly
revealed the by which this being brought about Low
prices of farm products the necessity buying machinery
to- compete with the larger farms forces the ers of the soil
appeal to the banks for funds tide them the period de-
preston The ghedfo prosperity Forced dispose
of his produce at less than the production the
hopelessly enmeshed in the clutches of the bankers
Mortgages the hands the bank enable these
dictate the conduct
formerly we're their own The farmer becomes land
slave doing the bidding the agents the milling the packers
and other industrial combines depending upon the
material The whole population thereby
question of production for the all society profit
of the
Coolidge his Speech compared
with the socalled free American farmer He said
ain the early beginnings
wealth which was plentiful consisted of land almost the
Of production Always usually practice all
belonged to the
Under that system the king upon
retaine the feuda baron furnished him with
to the SOIL With the coming of capitalism the serf and
habng the land scourged
into sheep walks that material could be obtained abundance
for the WOODEN mills of the new industrial cities that rapidly
growing a }&aA a1s.soo v~
In this country aprocess dissimar going except
different purpose and in higher stage of production The
falling of who wear the crown of inn
periasm Their retines the country permitted
dominate the landed estates and the farmers and their families
with modern farm machinery the serfs shaved tse 4
The analogy be carried still farther according reports
from A c. Miller the lone Communist member the
aure of North Dakota In that state whole townships
farms being destroyed the being
instances three workers with areofarming
whole township The small being bounded
formerly obtnab while agescae farming RACES the houses
they formerly inhabited using the lumber for ewood
in the days of the bloody legislation of Henry VIII Eliza
BETH the former er of the soil their families being
driven into the cities swell the ranks of the unsked aborers
One thing only viii the farmers That is make
with the industrial proariat and help build
is repeating far greater scale the devastation wrought
dawn of this bestial system of slavery s-.-..s
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
The Revolt in the A. CIV. u. in New York

live and grow and develop under the
same observation-disclosures of the Unit
ed Garment Workers.
Craft Autonomy
In New York, especially among the
Jewish workers there exist now an
operators local. a pressers' local and
tailors' local. Every local conducts
its business separately, with full auto
nomy The old trade autonomy pre-
walls there. The locals conduct their
business entirely Independent of locals
Of other nationalities.
The Italian and the Latvian workers
do have industrial locals on the basis
of Local 80 in Chicago, but their locals
have no relations with the Jewish
workers and the jewish workers them
selves have no industrial relationships,
so it is evident that the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers'Thion in New York
is still organized op,,the old-fashioned
Garment Workers. Union basis.
Why does such a situation exist in
New York? IA
AS They Found It
Very simple. THe Jewish workers
were organized inetfie Garment Work
ers' Union in New York. The Anal
gamated Clothing pWorkers Union
found them organized and left their
form of organization untouched. First,
because this is very desirable form
of organization for the leaders. They
can make maneuvers with one local
against the other. II the tailors are
dissatisfied with the leadership, the
leaders can get onstheir side the opei
atOrs, or the pressefs.
Second, because the leaders of the
A. c. w. U. were never in touch with
the rank and file ofsthe locals but with
the cliques that had to grow and de-
velop under such old-fashioned forms
of trade autonomy and for the cliques
in the locals it was very desirable that
the different locals should exist, even
when they are detriment to the
growth and development to the union
as a whole.
Three Joint Boards
But besides the remnants that are
eft of the Garment Workers Union
n the organization of the Amalga-
mated, in the form of local trade au-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

| but when the leaders tried to carry
thru piece work in New York the gem
aral Office of the Amalgamated Cloth
ing Workers Union felt very strong
opposition from the ranks of the pro-
gressive elements and class-conscious
workers in New York
So the General Office sent in receiv-
ers dts own mem to the most impor-
tant offices of the union, and put its
nose in the very life and struggles of
the rank and file in the New York To-
cal unions. and demoralized with its
tactics the entire union in order to
bring pressure and compel the tailors
to accept piece work. because they
thought the rank and file will find out
in time that piece work is better than
nottingham a. disorganized and
degenerated and ruined industry.
1t is idle to say this tactic really de-
moralized the industry and brought
ruin and degeneration in the ranks Of
the Amalgamated. Hillmans sixty
agents do not organize the trade but
are conducting campaign against the
left elements-the workers leave the
union and in order to bring the degen-
Grafton to complete success, Hillman
took back Harry Cohen whom Hill
man himself brought to responsibility
for taking graft to the amount of $40.-
900 from. the bosses and Alex Cohen,
who spent $4,000 of the unions funds,
for which he could not give an &C.
counting, knowing that the return Of
these two men into Office will com
plete the degeneration of the A. G. w.
U. in New York.
The rank and file therefore revolted.
They want to organize the Amalga-
mated on a healthy industrial basis.
led by the workers themselves thru
their own elected and trusted repre-
sentatives.
The revolt grew out of the burning
needs of the tailors in New York.
Those that did not lose their faith
and class-consciousness are organized
in solid group to conduct this revolt.
The workers all over the country must
assist the revolving A. C. w. U. mem
bers in the revolt as they did the re-
volt In the |. L. G. w. They need
both financial and moral support.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

TINE total amount of horses in the
l. Union of Socialist Soviet Repub-
lies for 1924 have been estimated at
23,S54,2O0. The amount of horses in
the year of 1928 in comparison with
1916 (1OO) was $3.50 and in 1924,
500 and in 1925, 1919.
Live stock is increasing more rapid
ly and in comparison with the same
year Of 1916 (1O0) was in 1928, 1857 T;
in 1924, 9O596 and in 1925, 95.SSo.
The dairy cows in this year increased
in quantity in comparison with the
previous $50. The total amount of
sheep for the same year have been
estimated as 74,S24,90O.
The sheep in the U. S. S. R. in
1925 reached about 9O.69o of the
amount of 1915 (10O). The growth of
the sheep is indicated in percentage
in comparison with 1915 as follows:
1916 1923 1924 1925
1000 67.S9o S1.9% 9O6%o
The increase in one (last) year
reached 1862. The adult sheep in
creased 10.3% and the lamb 10.9%
These are the average figures but
some sections OF the U. S. S. r. like
Bashkiria had the increase of 1857.
In northeastern part of Russia 1t
was 32.1I; in Viatkia about 1887
and in Ural, 1920.
The sheep An U. S. S. r. can be
divided roughly in four distinct types
and only one type belongs to the fine
wool type. The Russian sheep (Ro-
manovsk, Caucasian and others) is
delivering mutton and wool for gen.
eral consumption in the union and is
supplying a carpet wool for export,
the low grade wool is being used by
peasants for textile purposes for
wooden shawls, etc.
THE Karakul and Persian sheep
4 are native in the mountainous
region of Bookhara and Afghanistan
and are raised by natives for lamb
skinh known as Caracul, Astracan and
Persian. But in the native land in
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

EDITORS NOTE:-Here is the
second instalment of the speech
delivered by D. N. Borodin. director
of the Russian agricultural agency
in America, at the reception tend
cred in Chicago to the represent
atives of the Soviet government in
this country by the American Ram
bouillet Sheep Breeders Associa-
ton. In the first instalment, pub
lished yesterday, Borodin told of
area, population, racial character of
the population and the main crops
of the Union of Socialist Soviet Re-
pubIics. In concluding the install
ment he told of the development of
the textile industry in the Soviet
union. Today's instalment follows:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

7 of the locals. A local of 40 members
is represented by as many delegates
as local of 5000, And these small
locals are mostly those that need the
financial support OF the Joint Board
and the General Executive Board.
They cannot live on their own sources
So they must dance to the whistle of
the officials. If not they will not re-
ceive penny.
These "hand-raising" representatives
of the Joint Boards, as they are called
among the tailors, are always forced
to act as the officials demand of them
even against the interest of their
brother workers. And the member
ship of the largest locals have no pos
sibilities to defend their own interests
in their own union fr
These terrible FORMS of organization
within the A. c. w. u. led to the com
plete degeneration OF the union in New
York. Therefore the rank and file
organized in revolt against these con-
ditions. If this. revolt does not sue
coed, the tailors Of New York will
again taste the slavery of the sweat
ing system, when mems clothing will
be made in kitchens and cellars.
The Evil Of Piece Work
The degeneration dnothe A. c. w.
grew out of the tactics of the Anal
gamated leadership, that undertook
the heroic" task Of fhrottling every
spark Of protest Of the progressive
elements in the union. 1t developed
out of a very definite and very i'm
mediate problem of week work. To
the bosses and the officials, week work
is like bone in their throat. When
there is piece work in the shops the
bosses feel as in heaven. The work
ers speed the very life out of them
selves. They forget the union and
think only Of the bundle. The struggle
is then between the workers them
selves for the bundle.
The Amalgamated leaders did carry
thru piece work in some cities be-
cause it is also for their interests.
There is less work in the shops for
union agents. There is a bitter
struggle between the workers them
selves and the union agent stands still
and laughs and It is quiet in the locals,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

basis uof $500. The firemen want TO
see 'the city get the difference be-
tween $640,0oO and $40.
There are $500 firemen on the CITY
force, the great majority unionized.
A fiat raise of $500 demanded by the
union would cost the city $75O,O0O. The
U. 81 Gypsum's s639,96O check for
lodged taxes would almost cover that
and there are "a other big fellows on
whom the union has the goods. The
hearing before the board of review
commences Dec. 9.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
U. S. Approves Fascist
Dictatorship Regime,
Says Italian Leader
Especial to The Daily Worker,

ROME, Dec. S.-The United States
gave its approval to the fascist gov
eminent when it accepted the settle
ment of the Italian debt, Count volpi.
finance minister, declared today in the
senate, when he made a speech thank
ng the senate for its approval of the
debt settlement. Italians count ON
big loans from United States bankers
to aid Italian industry.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

Commissariat of Agriculture or
shortly Narkomzem recently published
a statement on the condition of animal
industry in the U. S. S. R. We have
the figures. What happened with the
crops during the war was more ca
tastrophic in animal industry. The
most complete figures are given for
Russia proper for different periods.
rba,v ora nc fOIloUa.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10
Among Those Present

When members congress Washington voting
speaker of the house there who reraned from voting
That the socialist Victor Berger merely
present Being exceedingly modest he did
himself Should he stand opposed the old party machines the
democratic and republican might consider him Sim
practical After all Victor doesn't the capitalist
class His proposal that they
much happier they would only agree sell the industries
nation to the working Being exceedingly practical
does bother about such trivial details the ability
purchase Under the system the property of the capital
His antics in the sixnnt congress- auspously launched
will be worth watching. .4''S q
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

Total S9,973,400
THE production of the animal indus
= try is immense but consumed
mostly within the country and only
dairy products, poultry products, hides
bristles and swine are exported. The
condition of the. animal industry can
be shown by figures presented recent
ly by the central statistical bureau Of
the U. s. S. r. for the year OF 1928
1924. The totql amount OF steers and
cows fatteneds pr meat have been
estimated as 1881, 900 in counties and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

Encouragement the Chinese voiced by the Hon. Coolidge
his message congress- at will be policy ofar possible
aspirations China all consistent
interests Of the countries aUolred."
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

the dairy industry comprised in 1923.
1924, about 1,314,074,000 pools of milk
and 55,757,000 of butter fat. The pro-
duction can be divided as follows:
County 1.314,OS7. 600
Caucasus
Turkestan) 6O.415.OOO
Far East }
City 67.264. 600
The production of wool in the Union
of Socialist Soviet Republics in 1928,
1924 was 4,444,00O pools.
One of the very important items of
the export of the products of animal
industry in the U. S. S. r. was the
bristles. The production of which in
the same year was about 100000
pools.
Dressed poultry and other fowl of
different kinds was 65,20S,OOO from
which amount 7,S80,0OO was from
Turkestan, Caucasus and Far East.
The production of eggs for the to-
tai union was 5,0S3, $4,000 from which
S9S,7S9,OOO was from Turkestan, eau.
casus and Far East. Feather produc-
ton, part of which has been exported.
was $4,000 pools.
In the U. S. S. r.. to the animal
industry usually is added also the bee
keeping, products of which in 1928.
1924 brot 100000 pools Of honey
from which amout $4,000 came from
Caucasus, Turkestan and Far East. At
the same time, $1,000 pools of bee
wax have been produced from the ter.
ritory of the U. S. S. r.
Agricultural Exports.
THE exports of agricultural products
= OF the U. S. S. r. are comprised
chiefly Of grain, such as rye, wheat,
barley, oats, of fibre fax, butter, eggs,
pork and swine. dressed poultry, brist.
les, hides and skins, furs, lumber, tar.
seeds and drugs.
Agricultural export fell in 1918
when 1t was 1,421, 900. 900 gold rubles
to 100000 gold rubles in 192O.1s21.
the dark days of Russian agriculture.
IL reached in 1923-1924, 800, 900 900
gold rubles and about 270, 000, 900 gold
rubles in the last period Of 1924.1925
with the tendency to reach in 1925
and 1926 about 5000 900 gold rubles.
The Needs OF Russian Agriculture.
It is absolutely necessary to i'm
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

Coolidge concluded his with reference divine prov
but he does depend for support such fantastic
concepts He emphasized the power Of The armed forces of the
country
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-10

many times heard of foolish farmers with
bourgeois ideas trying mpesonae bankers for the
Chicago had the spectacle Of bankers mpersonang
and the president of the United States soemny addressing
a .sau