davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-06-14

THE story of the mechanical aids
of human history has been much
neglected. Thousands of writers have
described the sculptures of the Par
thenon, yet no one has mentioned the
tools that carved those f1uted columns.
We naturally suppose that our pres
ent-day tools have far better forms
than those of past ages. That is true
in many cases, but not always.
1t appears that the forms Of the
chisel were perfected $500 years ago,
and that the beauty of workmanship
in Bronze Age chisels has never been
exceeded.
The use of saws and crown drills
with fixed teeth of corundum or gem
stones for cutting quartz rocks was
the regular practice in Egypt 5000
years ago. The cores produced were
so perfect and clean cut that any
modern engineer would be proud to
turn out such good work with the best
diamond drills. The saws were over
eight feet long, and cut blocks of
granite seven and one-half feet long.
That splendid work was forgotten-the
Romans did not use such tools-and
some thousands of years passed be-
fore the same tools were reinvented
about half century ago.
The carpenters saw was at first
merely blade roughly hacked on the
edge; by 45O0 B. c. it had regular
teeth, sloping equally both ways; by
900 B. c. the Italians gave rake to
the teeth to make them cut in one
direction, instead of merely Scraping
as before. No ancient saw, however,
made kerf wider than the thickness
Of the blade; we do not know when
the saw that makes wider kerr was
Evening star., 1925-06-14
L 1aunchirtq = S1trfboaG

tanic was sunk by striking an ice-
berg, there arose an almost universal
demand for a patrol of the ice zone
to warn passing vessels.
The following year the ice patrol
work was performed by the Coast
Guard cutters Seneca and Miami
Besides the regular work of locating
.he ice and broadcasting warnings to
mariners, the officers of the cutters
made a study of the ice situation, par,
ticulariy as to the currents in the
vicinity of the Grand Banks; the ply
sical properties of the ice, it's drift,
erosion and melting; temperatures Of
sea water and atmosphere in the vi
Unity of the ice; habits of birds and
seals with regard to ice, and, in short.
gathered and broadcast all sorts of
information of value to navigators.
Evening star., 1925-06-14
UpoDate Radio Enables Coast Guard to Block Rum Ship

patrol, consisting of special ice in
formation for the steamship Cairn-
torr. The first report of the pres
ence of berg was received from the
steamer Lituania on March 25. The
cutter thereupon stood for the po-
sition of the reported berg, which was
found to be of medium size. The berg
was partially broken up by means of
INT mines, and broadcasts were sent
out during each day to warn ships in
the vicinity.
This itinerary gives an example of
the intensive use of radio by the ice
patrol Another instance in which radio
plays an important part Is the loca-
ton of derelicts as reported by pass
ing vessels. These derelicts are de-
stroyed by the Coast Guard cutters to
remove the source of danger
The President of the United States
annually designateS certain Coast
Guard vessels to perform special cruis-
| ing upon the coast in the season of
severe weather. which is usually from
| December l to March 81 to afford aid
| to distressed ships. The 10 cutters de
| tailed to this service last year cruised
approximately 10000 miles and assist
| ed 80 vessels in distress. the estimated
value of which, including cargoes was
| almost $4,000 900. During the year
some IS derelicts and other floating
| dangers to navigation were destroyed.
The Coast Guard was created BY
| Congress in 1915, combining therein
| the former Revenue Cutter Service,
| which had been established in 1870,
and the former Life Saving Service
| The Revenue Cutter Service was ee-
tablished at the second session Of the
| First American Congress- upon the
recommendation of the first Secretary
| of the Treasury, as the result of the
need for the services of a coast patrol
| to enforce the customs laws and for
an organized armed force to protect
| the Seacoast.
In those early days communication
was accomplished mainly with the use
OF flag signals, torches and rockets
Despite these crude methods, the serv-
ice became one of the most efficient
administration arms of the Federal
Government. Early use of radio in
creased this efficiency, and now, with
the adoption of up-to-date radio appa-
ratus, 1t is expected that the service
| will make new records in the protec.
ton of life and property on the seas.
Evening star., 1925-06-14
Ancient Artisan Implements.

invented, but it was some time in the
Middle Ages.
The Egyptians used a push saw as
the earliest form; the pull saw was
the only one in the West and the Ro-
man world. The push saw came back
into use few centuries ago, although
the pull saw n a frame is still uni
verSal in the East.
The world did without shears for
many ages, cutting it's cloth with a
rounded blade knife. About 400 B. c.
the mechanical genius of Italy invent
ed shears, which in two or three CEN
turies more were fitted to the fingers,
and so became scissors.
The "snuffers" referred to in EXo-
dus is mistranslation; the early
tools for trimming a lamp were a
small knife and a pair of tweezerS to
trim the wick and point to start the
strands.
In some cases it is curious to see
how long men remained on the brink
of an invention. Copper wire was
made by cutting and hammering
from $500 B. c., yet the drawing of
wire remained unknown for 5000
years or more. When the first drawn
wire was made it is not yet deter
mined, but the art seems to have been
unknown to the Romans.
Thick beaten wire was made into
chain with round links as far back
as the second dynasty, $500 B. c., and
links doubled and looped through one
another appeared in the sixth dynas-
ty, B. c.. 1900. Yet chains were not
commonly used until much later. The
Gauls excelled in such work, as they
used chain cables and rigging in
place of rope to resist the Atlantic
gales.
Evening star., 1925-06-14

mission of messages has been con-
fined as closely as possible to c. w.
instead of spark, in order to over
come the overladen spark traffic.
X
THE Tampa inaugurated the ice
patrol last year, leaving Boston
the middle of March. She advised the
wireless operator of the port of Hall
fax that the patrol had begun and
that all ice and obstruction reports
for the Atlantic area would be broad
cast by the patrol. A communication
was received from the French radio
station at ST. Pierre, expressing the
intention of that station to cooperate
with the patrol.
On the evening of March % the
first broadcast was sent out by the
Evening star., 1925-06-14
3is Coast Gu@n Station at MaY is active 90@
running down ruwt-ruNrIers. .a2ZG&

were on neared the United States,
tossed overheard a number of bottles
that kept bobbing up and down in the
water. The suspicious of the captain
were. aroused and radio dispatch was
flashed to the Government coast pa
troll boats. The ships arrived at the
location. in time to find small launch
diligently searching for the bottles.
The bottles contained valuable gems
and the smugglers were taken into
custody.
Another instance was the landing
of four Chinese on Long Island-Ori-
entails that were being "bootlegged
into the United States in violation Of
the immigration laws. The incident
was reported by mariner who had
witnessed the affair, the Coast Guard
cutter sent out a warning by radio
that was picked up by a shore station,
the local police were informed and
the Chinese apprehended. This boot
logging" of immigrants is done mainly
by tramp steamers which send their
human freight ashore at lonely places
along the coast.
A notable use of radio by the Coast
Guard was in connection with the
round rld-f1ight. The planes were
hopping from 800 to 700. miles on each
Jump, and it was necessary to know
the weather conditions early each
morning along the line of flight. If
one plane fell during a hop the other
planes were to proceed to the nearest
radio station and drop a note telling
about the accident, thus making it
nossible to send assistance within a
very short time.
Most of the radio work through the
Aleutian Islands was done by the
Coast Guard cutter Haida, which
is equipped with half-kilowatt spark
set and can successfully work dis
tances of 500 miles. The main trans
mitting set consists of a two-kilowatt
arc, which has proved satisfactory on
high wave lengths. Ten amperes
radiation is secured in the half -kilo-
watt spark.
The success of radio equipment on
the Coast Guard ships is due. in the
opinion of Coast Guard radio engi-
neers, mainly to the efficient handling
of the antenna systems. The great
est care is taken to prevent "leaks."
particularly at the lead-in insulators.
The insulation is inspected regularly
and the insulators given periodic
bath of paraffin.
TCEBERGS for many years have
been the dread of transatlantic
navigators, particularly along the
lanes that run near the Grand Banks
Evening star., 1925-06-14

of Newfoundland. In the days Of
slow steamers most of the ships took
a course directly across the Banks,
which carried them through the ice
zone most of the year. Since the ad-
vent Of large and fast steamers in
ternational agreements have been
made whereby definite routes have
been established to the southwark Of
the normal ice zone.
If the ice zone were fixed. nothing
further would be required to assure
reasonable safety along these routes,
but the limits of the ice fields and
bergs vary considerably in, location as
well as season. Prior to 1912 nothing
had been done toward establishing any
system for guarding against the dan
ger from floating ice, but on April IA
Of that year, when the steamer II
Evening star., 1925-06-14

In 1914 the representatives of IS
governments interested in transat-
lantic navigation signed a pact pro-
viding for an international derelict-
destruction, ice observation and ice
patrol service, under the management
of the United States. This service has
continued uninterrupted since that
time, with the exception of the years
1917 and 1918. and has been the means
of preventing tremendous loss of life
and ships in the sea lanes.
Ice information is broadcast daily
on 1921 meters c. w. Daily informa-
ton is also sent to the photographic
Office in Washington, defining the
danger zone and giving such other in
formation as would be of value in
broadcasting from Annapolis, Arling-
ton, and other shore stations. Trans
Evening star., 1925-06-14

deep-sea fisheries, enforcing laws
governing the anchorage of vessels in
navigable waters, enforcing the law
relating to quarantine and neutrality.
suppressing mutinies on merchant
vessels, protecting the sea fisheries in
Alaska, enforcing the sponge-fishing
law and operating the international
ice patrol on the Grand Banks.
Many interesting stories are told by
the captains of Coast Guard ships of
experiences in preventing the snug
CLING of gems and Orientals into the
United States. One such story in
which radio played a part was in con-
nection with an interesting gang of
smugglers who, when the ship they
Evening star., 1925-06-14

LONDON. June :
~ y board ship, particularly if
you are travelling student
I third class, have some clothes
~ you do not mind giving
rough usage, lounging on
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Holy Name Auxiliary
Enrolls New Members

The Grantwood auxiliary of the
Holy Name Hospital of Teaneck held
it's regular meeting on Friday after
noon, August 21, in the Lawton ave-
nue. school clinic. On account OF the
hot weather and many being away
on their vacations, 1t was small but
enthusiastic meeting.
Mrs. George Brown reported S8O.4O
made at her lawn card party on July
23 for the hospital.
Chairmen were appointed by the
president, Mrs. G. Siegrist, as follows:
Mrs Joseph Parmental, chairman of
surgical dressings; Mrs. Anna Glynn,
chairman of magazine and book COM
mittee, whose duty it will be to collect
books and magazines for the new hos
pital. Any one who has a spare book
in good condition please notify the
chairman
Jelly and jam are also requested by
the auxiliary. All housekeepers who
are making preserves are asked to
put aside one glass for the hospital
pantry shelf,
It is noted that Little Ferry, with
only population of 1000, has already
sent three hundred glasses of jam and
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
LEGAL
United States District Court,
District of New Jersey

In Bankruptcy-Notice to Creditors
IN THE MATTER OF L. LAWTON
COBB, BANKRUPT.
To the creditors of l.. Lawton Cobb of
Fairview. in the County of Bergen, in
said district:
Notice is hereby given that on the 3rd
day of July, A. d. 1925, the said L. Law
ton Cobb was duly adjudged bankrupt,
and that the first meeting of his creditors
will be held at the United States District
Court Room, at the Court House, in the
City of Hackensack, in said District. on
Wednesday, the 9th day of September,
A. D. 1925, at two o'clock in the after
noon, at which time and place the said
creditors may attend and prove their
claims, appoint a trustee, examine the
bankrupt and transact such other bust
ness as shall properly come before said
meeting.
Said proofs of claim must comply with
Section 81 of the\ Bankruptcy Laws and
Rule 81 of the General orders of the
United States Supreme Court, and must
be endorsed in accordance with General
Rule of the United States District Court
Dated, August 49, 1925.
GEORGE r. BEACH.
Referee in Bankruptcy.
1t is not necessary for the creditors to
personally attend court at the above time
and place unless they desire to examine
the bankrupt or participate in the election
of a trustee. Proofs of claim may be
filed with the Referee at his office, rs
Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N. j.
GEORGE r. BEACH.
Referee in Bankruptcy.
Aug 20-Fees $492
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
e two states on the Camden bridge

the two states on the Camden bridge
tolls.
Demand is made that the meeting
be held within ten days.
Also the letter seems to embody a
threat, for it says that the session is
to fix the tolls "in order to avoid any
delay in the completion and opening
of the bridge"
Apparently the south Jersey men,
bers were at the conference and
agreed to the action taken, as the
statement is made by Mr.. Boettger
that the resolutions were unanimously
adopted
Chairman Boettger also announced
that the commission had answered
Governor Silzer's recent request for
information on progress of bridge
construction and contracts to be
awarded for it's completion
A late dispatch received prior to
going to press states that Governor
Pinchot, of Pennsylvania, has refused
to call a meeting of the Delaware
River Bridge Commission looking to
the changing of Pennsylvania atti-
tude for free tolls on the Camden
Philadelphia bridge.
He has sent telegram to Chair
man Boettger, of the New Jersey Com
mission, to that effect.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Rips Stufing Out
Of Whitney Proposal
Continued from page 1

carelessness Cor perhaps worse)
passed an act last year prohibiting
the collection of tolls on the Camden
bridge. Governor Pinchot is men,
ber of the Bridge Commission and
also signed the bill prohibiting the
collection of tolls.
81 do not care to put myself in the
conference with Governor Pinchot as
you suggest, to thrash out the dispute,
when he has indicated his approval
of the situation by affixing his sigma
ture to the bill.
Furthermore, you seem to miscon-
ceive the functions and powers of a
governor in situation such as this,
where the state of Pennsylvania,
through it's legislature and governor,
by legislative act has declared state
policy Governor Pinchot would have
no power whatever to change that
policy even if he wanted to. That is
a declaration of state policy that
must stand until it is repealed by
those who have the right to do so.
The governor has no such right.
"To sum up, New York obtained
what it wanted by agreement. Penn
sylvania got what it wanted as re-
suit of the Bridge Commissions negli-
gence in making an agreement. 1t
just isn't common sense to expect
that, by conference, either of these
states will give up what it has. =
New York Times.
Chairman Theodore BOettger of the
New Jersey Interstate Bridge and
Tunnel Commission announced on
Wednesday that the commission at a
conference in New York had sent to
Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania on
Wednesday a resolution asking for
joint meeting of the commissions of
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

jelly. Let them know and they will
call for your contributions.
A card party was planned for Sep
tember "a at the home of Mrs. Brod-
erick, 21 Edgewater road.
In October, Mrs. Glynn will have
one at her home and in November
there will be food sale at the home
of Mrs. Siegrist to aid in raising the
fund of $500 pledged by the auxiliary
for the furnishing of an eight-bed ward
in this new hospital.
The following new members were
enrolled: Mrs. Joseph Parmental
Mrs. Peter Miller, Mrs. Florence
Dopsloff, Mrs Charles McLauchlan,
Mrs Jane L. Bohen, Mrs. J. B. ALL
brich, Mrs C. l.. RieI, Mrs. NJ
Schwitzke, Mrs. M. Korb
The following associate members
were also enrolled: Mrs. Margaret
Daczer, Councilman Frank Meyer, Mr.
G. Siegrist and Miss Nan Deemer
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Is Chevrolet Distributor
For Eastern Bergen County

The Fairview Battery Service Sta
tion and Garage at 365 Fairview ave-
nue., Fairview, has been appointed as
the eastern distributor of the Chevro-
let auto for eastern Bergen county.
This concern has been agent for this
already sold many cars. Besides
handling the sales of the Chevrolet,
the owners are known as being one
of the leaders of expert battery serv-
ice and ignition work. They handle
the Prestolite battery, make repairs
of every description on cars, and have
storage room in their garage for cars.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

Sept. injecting of the Fort Lee
mayor and council p m, Borough
Hall Main street and trolley line.
Sept. 3.-Meeting of the Clinside
Park Board of Education, p. M, High
School building. Will receive plans
of architect at this meeting.
Sept. Meeting of the Fort Lee
Board of Education, Whiteman street
school, 8 p. m.
Sept. 10-First meeting of the Wo-
mems Club of Cliffside Park, home OF
Mrs. George Hall on Oakdene avenue,
Grantwood, 8 p. m.
Sept. 10-Meeting of the Cliffside
Park Elks' Lodge, Elks' clubhouse, 20
Grant avenue, Grantwood, s p. m.
Sept. 13-Flag Pole presentation at
Bergen Pines by Bergen County
Junior Order American Mechanics,
2 p. m.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
SOn7in9 Events
All organizations and individuals united send in
COMING EVENTS for publication =

Sept Injecting of the Cliffside
Park mayor and council, Borough
Hall, Jersey and Palisade avenues
Cliffside, 8 p. m.
Sept. 16-Meeting of the Fort Lee
mayor and council, Borough Hall,
p. m.
Sept 24-Card party for benefit of
Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, home
of Mrs. Broderick, 81 Edgewater road,
GrantwoOd.
Sept 24-Meeting o fthe Cliffside
Park Elks' Lodge, Elks' clubhouse, 20
Grant avenue, Grantwood, p. m.
Sept. 2S-Meeting of Cliffside Park
mayor and Council, Borough Hall,
Jersey and Palisade avenues. Cliffside,
p. IN.
Oct 6-First meeting of Helping
Hand Society, Christian Orphans
Home, Palisade avenue, Fort Lee.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Parental Problems

Alas! 1t is so very hard to keep
the children from knowing what you
knew at that age.-Baltimore sun.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

Mrs. w. S. B. Dana and her son,
David, stopped day or so at their
home here en- route to Beachwood to
visit Miss M. c. Winterburn at her
cottage there. They just completed
motor trip lasting about two months
across the continent to Colorado.
They visited Mrs. Dana's sister, Mrs.
Beers and her family.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Donaldson
have returned home from thousand
mile motor trip in seven states, visit
ing many scenes of historic interest
in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vir-
ginia, Maryland, Delaware, West Vir-
ginia and New York.
Miss Helen Donaldson is spending
her vacation at Lake George.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
MASON'S. MATERIALS
See Page 5
Immense Electric Fan

The largest electric fan in the world
is at present being erected on one of
the Rand gold mines. Thirty feet in
diameter, it will carry eight blades,
each ten feet across.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Help Wanted

GUARANTEED HOSIERY, samples
your size free to agents. Write Tor
proposition paying $500 weekly full
time, $3.50 an hour spare time, selling
guaranteed hosiery to wearer; must
wear or replaced free. Quick sales,
repeat orders. International Stocking
Mills, 5437, Norristown. Pa.
s11-14-10t.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
For Sale

SIX room house, asphalt roof, sun
porch, steam heat and garage, cor
ner plot 45x1OO. Price $4,000, $1,000
oh
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

Five room bungalow, enclosed
porch, garage and driveway, corner
plot 67x103. Price $6,500. $1,50O cash.
Nelson Neumann. 211 Riverview ave-
nue., Grantwood. Phone Cliffside
2078. o-l4-4t
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Trischitta Buys New Truck

J. Trischitta, mason contractor, of
1872 Murray street, Cliffside, has a
new auto truck. He has been quite
busy this season in his line, and he
sees ahead big future for Bergen
county in the building line.
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

WANTED-Man with to sell COM
plete line quality Auto Tires and
Tubes. Exclusive territory. Exoeri-
ence not necessary. Salary $S0O.OO
per month. Milestone Rubber Com
pany, East Liverpool. Ohio.
2O1-1f
Palisadian., 1925-08-28
Wanted

LADIES-to finish silk underwear at
home by hand or machine No can
vassing required. Send stamp ior
reply. Keystone Mills, Amsterdam
Nv *S-2S-1t
Palisadian., 1925-08-28

Before buying or selling in Grant
wood, Palisade or Cliffside, consult
Arthur J. Rooney, 965 Broadway,
Woodcliff- On Hudson, New Jersey.
Phone Palisade 1000. S-2z-lyr.
The Washington times., 1925-04-03
JAPAN IS READY.
FOR PAREEY
On ARMS
Attitude in Detail, However.
Il Guarded AvidIyO Govern
ment Has Little to Say
By LUTHER A.. HUSTON.
international News Service.

TOKYO, April 3.-Behind an
almost imDenetrable veil OF ofncial
reticence, Japan is preparing TOT tne
day when she will be called upon.
probably at the invitation q lns
United States Government, 70 parli-
cipate in a new conference 20 con.
slider the question OF internauonai
disarmament.
At the present time Japan does
not expect an invitation to be forth
coming for several months. possibly
not until the autumn Of this year.
willing To Accept.
ostensibIy, Japan is willing to &C
cent an invitation to such con-
ference and ready to cooperate
with the others Powers in the mat
ter Of arms reduction. The one
definite statement forthcoming from
OFFICIAL sources is that Japan will
give sympathetic consideration to
any invitation to an arms limitation
Marley in conformity with her
earnest desire to contribute to the
peace Of the world. -.
There have been, from time to
time, statements by such high Of
ficiaIs as Admiral Hyo Takarabe,
minister OF marine. but in such
cases the Foreign Office has taken
pains TO point out that these state
ments represent the personal views
OF the individual making them.
It has been made clearly evident,
however. that Japan believes that
The Washington times., 1925-04-03

an arms conference would have
small chance Of success unless che
converting OF q formal conference
were preceded by discussion OF
agenda.
So far as Japan's own program
for further limitation Of arma-
ments is concerned. very little au-
thentic information is available. = It
has been indicated. however, that
Japan does not expect the subject
of limitation of aircraft to have a
place on the conference agenda.
1t is believed that Japan will he
reluctant to agree to any extensive
reduction Of submarines and de-
stroyers.
Submarines and destroyers naval
experts have declared, are not, Of
fensive weapons in japanese hands
because the limits Of cruising radius.
Experts Of the Japanese navy
have been at work for months on a
program Of limitation of ornaments
to which Japan would be willing to
agree. What the details Of this
program are is a carefully guarded
secret.