davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska fisherman., 1925-04-15

supplies, charging perhaps three times their value, and got in return first lien upon the fish that would be caught.
 Thousands of fishermen were vir- tually penniless from one years end to another. They might have food enough to carry them through the winter, but they had no resources with which to meet the emergencies of life. They were not united in any way, not even geographically.
 That was the situation as William Coaker saw it when he was a boy on the St. Johns wharves. He was not fisherman. He was a wharf laborer. Later he worked as a telegrapher. and turned it into a farm. He saw Newfoundland, an empire built on fish, in which the last person who had any chance in life was a fisherman.
 Fifteen years ago, while still on his farm, he thought out his scheme for bringing these fishermen together But he faced no easy task. He couldn't do it through printed propa ganda; for the people of these scat tered hamlets didn't read to any great extent. He couldn't hire a hall and have big meeting. He had to visit all the hamlets personally and talk 70 groups of forty or so at time.
 Coaker is one of those rare phenom- ena of hrlnan energy who seem to be capable of doing the work of a hun dred ordinary men. Rooseveltian is probably the word. For instance, in one year, in addition to speaking and travelling and editing paper in which almost every printed word was his own, he wrote 5000 letters with his own hand. In three years he had the Fishermen's Protective Union fairly under way.
 Then the villification began in ear nest. Coaker replied by declaring the "Fishermen's Union price" for fish. Somehow, he always got it, too. He was canny. He didn't set impossible prices. All along the coast "Mr. Coaker" was hailed as a Messiah. "Sink or swim with Coaker" was the fishermen's slogan. Whenever he wis ited hamlet every blunderbuss was pressed into duty to give him a royal salute. Nobody, however, thought Of calling him "Sir William" then. The fishermen called him "Mr. Coaker. 7 Others called him almost every cpl thet the rich vocabulary of New foundland had in stock.
 "How did you come to go into poll- tics? asked him.
 "We discovered" he said, "that a lot of the things which would have to be done. if fishing were ever to be
The Alaska fisherman., 1925-04-15
HE'S SIR WILLIAM
 ON $1OO A MONTH
(By Charles w. Wood, in Golfers
 Weekly)

ulS SplIlC OI CIe SCfang0SC ldOOr unlOu in the world Probably he is the only labor agitator to be knighted by the King of England as a result of his agitation.
 This man, Sir William Ford Coaker, is from the oldest and most conserva-, tive of British Colonies -Newfound- land He is the executive head of The Fishermen's Protective Union.
 And he was knighted, not under the Labor Government of England, but under the preceding Conservative gov ernment.
 Sir William did not come to the United States to talk politics or wave any banner of reform. He is less of theorist than any other polltlcian or labor-union organizer l ever met. He deals with facts; and being a New foundlander, he confines himself to Newfoundland facts. But one cannot deal with facts for many years with out discovering some truths; and one of the truths which Sir William dis covered is that politics has become more alive and less rotten in New foundland since the fishermen began to vote as fishermen instead of as Conservatives and Liberals.
 l met him at the Hotel Belmont, in New York City. They had had him knighted, had fancied, because he was philanthropic grandee who hadn't offended the better classes and had kept labor from becoming arro- gant. was 100 per cent wrong. He Is one of the most powerful persons in Newfoundland; but for many years his very name was a stench in the nostrils of Newfoundland most re- spected citizenry. He was cursed for attempting to organize the fisher men.
 But William F. Coaker knew that the whole colony was dependent al- most solely upon the fishing industry, while the actual fishermen were in perennial state of insecurity and pov- erty.
 Fishing is not modern industry and it hasn't yet been modernized. Fish may be distributed, to be sure, according to modern business princi- ples, but they still have to be caught in much the same old way. In his economic status, the fishermen is more like the small farmer than like the modern factory worker. He doesn't work for wages; he works for fish, and what he gets for fish de- pends upon what the state of the mar ket happens to be.
 The result was that the fishermen generally got for this seasons fishing about enough to keep him alive until the next season began. Rarely did he have enough money to fit out his boat.
Evening star., 1925-08-25
COLLEGE FOR LEARNING,
SAYS HEAD OF BOWDOIN

BRUNSWICK, Me. August 81.
To the Editor of The Star.
Dear Sir:
| have read with interest the arti-
cles on college foot ball finance. ad-
vance sheets of which you were kind
enough to send me.
The viewpoint of the writer is fun
damentally different from that of a
faculty member. particularly in his
conception of college. Your writer
thinks of college as primarily devised
for character formation, and conse-
quently believes that foot ball coaches
are giving the boys better training for
their life work than the professors.
This in spite of all the abuses and
subterfuges of collegiate athletics.
Against that point of view allow me
to suggest that the college is pri-
mariIy an institution of learning.
The college is not devised to give
training that does not derive from in
tellectual sources.
So long as athletics are made sec
ondary to the main purpose of the
college, well and good, But such ar
ticles as these mislead the public by
giving a false impression of the real
mission of college and university.
The great popular interest in ath-
letics is all very well in a way. 1t is
Lhe tHe "cdlHei--d 6oou lopiC IoE
general conversation: but when col
lege graduates and friends of higher
education confine their attention
chiefly to athletics 1t denotes an intel
lectual thinness characteristic of
those who spend most of their time
talking about the weather.
Many of the facts given by your
writer are, I think. familiar to most
people who have been in touch with
the problem of college athletics, but
he presents them in a very readable
and stimulating manner.
Yours very truly,
KENNETH G. NJ. SILLS,
President Bowdoin College.
Evening star., 1925-08-25

crosses the line of scrimmage the ball
is played exactly as if it had never
been touched. This rule is intended
as a Qualification to prevent misunder-
standings like that which arose in the
Michigan-Iowa game of 1928. kipke
of Michigan punted, and the ball tip
ped the fingers of Hancock of Iowa,
but went far across the line of scrim-
mage. This made it anybody's ball,
under the old rule; but nobody except
one official and Jack Blot, Michigan
center, had noticed that Hancock had
touched the ball. Blot, like flash,
went down the field after the punt,
and finally fell on it. making it Michi-
gan's ball. 1t was a deciding play in
the game. Under the new rules, how.
ever, the ball would not be eligible for
Michigan to take until some other
Iowa player, other than the blocker,
had touched it.
THE prompt action of Howard
Jones, then Iowa coach, was all that
saved serious troubles on that occa-
sion. The spectators, thinking it a
raw decision, had become furious
that the play was properly executed,
and the crowd quieted.
Some Minor Changes.
"Other new rules are of minor i'm
partance. One of them provides that
trainers and doctors may go onto the
field as soon as a man is hurt, report
ing to referee or umpire before speak
ing to the man. The old rule required
doctors and trainers to get permission
from an official before stepping on the
field, and in some cases, like that last
Fall when an Army player had to go
through two plays with a badly
smashed foot before the doctor could
catch the umpire's eye, worked out
badly.
THE time out rule has been altered
slightly to provide that, when man
is injured. time is called and a sub
stitute goes in, 1t counts as one of
the teams four times out in the half
unless the team has already called for
time four times. This is intended to
speed up the game slightly.
THE recommendation of the rules
committee that high school games be
played in four 12-minute quarters, in
stead of in 15-minutes quarters, is a
mighty wise one. The average high
school team is not as husky and we'll
conditioned as college or university
team, and elevens of younger fellows
should profit by this advice.
THE rules committee did well, in
my opinion and that of all the coaches
to whom I've talked, to limit their
rules changes to details. There are
always a lot of foot ball fanatics who
want to Introduce sets of rules TO
make the game more like soccer, or
more like Rugby, or more like fiddle
de-winks. bobbing up each Fall. But
none of the new rules is of that classi-
fication. Foot ball is a good game
now, a healthful, sportsmanlike game,
and undue tampering with it's rules
can do nothing but harm"
Evening star., 1925-08-25
Rockne Praises NeU Kickoff Rule Interest Keen in amateur Ct

ing, as I realized when I visited the
campus, with my noisy friend OF the
Chamber of Commerce, but they said
and did nothing. The business Of the
five members of the faculty athletics
committee was either to say ''hands
off," or else join in frankly, without
secretiveness or restraint. and let the
world know that Blah College was out
for players and winning teams and at
tendance and appropriations, and in
tended to get them.
Has a Wide Application.
This bald incident, 1 believe, has a
wide application to college athletics in
general, and the problem of outside
participation and support. In more
subtle way, to be sure, it is the force
of outside interest-which often is es-
sentially commercial-which has mex
tricably involved foot ball in rami-
fication of new forces. That's why a
graduate manager should be a good
politician. In later chapter l shall
have something to say about this.
(Tomorrow: Foot ball as Big Busi-
neSS).
Evening star., 1925-08-25

In only few cases-'Red'
the Illinois Michigan game was one
of them-were the spectators treated
TO the colorful, thrilling sight of a
man catching the ball. and ten others
forming themselves into an interfer-
ence in front of him to dash down the
field. SO the foot ball rules commit
tee, comforting on 1925 code, decided
that henceforth kick-offs would be
made from the 40-yard line without
the tee.
Should Add to Game.
"A major result of this rule change
will be that teams will develop q
strong kickoff return. My teams are
TO devote a lot of time TO running
back kick-offs, for l believe this play
will play a big part in the 1925 cam
paigns.
And it's going to make it a lot
more fun for everybody, between the
side lines and outside them.
Another important rule change is
that affecting the penalty when the
defensive team is offside. The pen
atty is five yards, as before, but the
down remains the same. Under the
old rules, which penalized the offend
ers five yards and made 1t first down.
unfair hardships were sometimes
worked
Il remember a Notre Dame-N Ne
braska game of several years ago in
which this was Illustrated. Nebraska
had the ball, and it was second down
with 25 yards to 60 AS the next
play started a Notre Dame man got
offside; and at once it became first
down for Nebra ska, the ball was
moved up five yards and our oppo-
nents had only ten yards to go! There
was a case where the old penalty was
far out of proportion to the offense
The new rule makes this impossible
for in an exactly similar case the ball
would have moved up five yards. but
1t would have remained second down,
20 yards to go.
ITO clarity a technical point, the
line of scrimmage was REDEEMED as
a vertical plane between the two
Evening star., 1925-08-25

The spectators at Oakmont will
have fine opportunity to get an idea
of Carter's style when he plays with
Jones, whose game is perfection itself.
Carter is only 10, yet in the semi-final
round of the Western he defeated
Fred Lamprecht, intercollegiate
champ, who has been enjoying a won
derful year. In that match Carter
had to play virtually par golf to beat
Lamprecht by l up. None but a
youngster of ability and courage
could turn such a trick.
Other Youthful Stars.
Russell Martin, who was beaten by
Carter in the final round of the West
ern amateur championship. is coming
along rapidly. He is a very steady
performer. who has obtained a lot
Of experience in the last two years.
Dexter Cummings of Yale, stall
wart youngster, Is due for g. good
showing. He went to the third round
of the championship at Merton last
year, where he was beaten by Max
Marston in close struggle. The ex-
perience gained in that competition is
certain to help him at Oakmont.
Another boy who is sure to attract
considerable attention at Oakmont is
the 1S-year-old Washington star, Ro-
land r. Mackenzie. His feat of carry
ing the aggressive George Won Elm to
the thirty-seventh hole after being
down in the first round at Merton is
history. Mackenzie won every big
title in his home section this year.
Winthrop P. Hersey of Boston is
a modest, unassuming lad who is
likely to create a considerable sur
prise at Oakmont if things start
breaking his way. In the recent
Massachusetts State amateur cham
pionship he pushed right through to
the final round, with everybody ask
ing one another, who is the kid?"
In the ultimate round he met Francis
Ouimet and only remarkable golf
stopped the light-haired lad Hersey
is comparatively short from the tees.
but he never misses. His direction
is his forte.
Then there is young Jack Mackie.
Evening star., 1925-08-25

teams, rather than an imaginary line
on the ground. This means that the
heads of the linemen, as we'll as their
hands and all other parts of their
bodies, must be back of the line of
scrimmage. 1t will help avoid misun-
derStandings and squabbles.
THE penalty on clipping has been
standardized with the same purpose
to avoid misunderstanding. When a
man clips an opponent-that is.
throws his body across the legs of the
other fellow from behind and brings
him down-his team is penalized 25
yards from the spot where the clip
ping took place. Last year the cap
tain of the side against which the
clipping was committed had a choice
of two penalties-15 yards from the
point of clipping or 15 yards from
the place where the play started.
1.-The new penalty is not necessarily
more severe, but 1t is now standard.
and will avoid trouble like that which
came up in Minnesota Michigan
suffered a mighty stiff penalty for
clipping and thought the Minnesota
captain overstepped his rights.
Rule on Kicks Is Fair.
'The new rule on blocked kicks is
the fairest yet devised. Its first pro-
vision is that punted ball blocked
behind the line of scrimmage belongs
to whichever side RECEIVERS it, but
counts a down against the kickers if
that side recovers. Formerly a
blocked kick recovered by the kickers
meant first down. Last year in the
Notre Dame-Wisconsin game Boland,
Notre Danes left tackle, broke
through a blocked Wisconsin punt on
fourth down. Wisconsin recovered
the ball. and it became first down for
the Badgers. Obviously 1t was unfair,
for Notre Dame had suffered, although
her man had blocked the kick. Under
the new rules the ball would have
gone to Notre Dame in that case, for
Wisconsin would have lost a down
and that would have caused the ball
to "go over"
''On a partly blocked kick which
Evening star., 1925-08-25

in the flush of their success the towns
people were determined to use their
college to help put the town on the
map. 1 paid no attention to the first
letter I received from them, but a
second letter mentioned a possible
salary so interesting that I took a
trip down to the oil town.
To my surprise, although my letter
had been from a man supposedly con-
nected with the college, / was direct
ed to the attorney for the local cham
ber of commerce. This gentleman,
rather ornate and vociferous. met me
with considerable blackslapping and
overwhelmed me with expensive
cigars, and then took me into his
Grafton about the new Oilburggushers,
he explained that Blah College was
a good little joint, but it had had a
lot of old mossbacks running 1t and
it needed some new blood.
Above all 1t needed a regular go.
getter foot ball team which could
step out and put Oilburg on the map.
Some of the boys" in the Chamber
Il of Commerce were getting together
"A pool to start the thing off. but there
was no doubt of returns; just get out
a couple of winning teams and nobody
would have to worry about money.
There were other plans for booming
the attendance at the college and a
hint of what a big attendance would
do to property values around the
campus.
BIah College Succeeds.
With the Oilburg booster, looked
over the college. It was a pleasant
little school, with sound. academic
standards and traditions. and they had
made a fair showing in their sectional
athletic conference. But, in spite of
the attractive salary, / felt / should
be too far out of the world. / de-
cIined the offer. They procured an
other man, perhaps better qualified
than l for their purposes, at a salary
of S16r500 a year. They organized a
scouting system which covered sew
eral States; they procured a first-class
coach; the publicity for the enter
prise was handled by a competent
young reporter who also did the pub
licity for the Chamber of Commerce.
Within three years the Blah College
foot ball team was at the top of the
heap in that section. The attendance
at the college has since more than
doubled: the town has profited i'm
it by the foot ball team.
am told that some of the members
of the faculty now are expressing
grave concern about the Commercial
ization" of their foot ball team. This,
| think, points the whole story. They
knew perfectly well what was happen
Evening star., 1925-08-25

17-year-old son of the veteran Inwood
Club professional. Jackie has learned
something in the past two years. His
best accomplishment to date was his
victory a short time ago in the New
York State championship. in which
he conquered strong field
Canada Offers Threat.
Donald Carrick, another 19-year-oid
lad, and the winner of the Canadian
amateur championship this year, will
qualify with Francis Ouimet. Car
rick is one of the dozen who may up
set the apple cart. His golf in the
Canadian event, according to all re
ports. was the best played in that
tournament in years.
Rial Rolfe, Lewis Bredin, Densmore
Shute, West Virginia State champion;
Dick Jones and Eddie Held also can
be counted on TO hold their own with
the more experienced players, and it
will not be at all surprising IL sew
eral of these displace some Of the
veterans
Evening star., 1925-08-25

During the last few years the West
and the Middle West have come into
their own in foot ball. For the first
time they rank with the big Eastern
teams on the field, and in attendance
at games, investment in stadia and in
the general intensity of public inter
est there are many of these outlying
institutions which rival or outstrip the
big Eastern colleges. There is a rea-
son for this:
Consider Harvard, Yale and Prince
ton. During the last 10 years the in
crease in the endowment of Harvard
was per cent, Yale so per cent and
Princeton so per cent. Michigan's in
crease for the same period was 1877
per cent; Minnesota. 5S per cent, and
Wisconsin, 81 per cent. Last year the
enrolment of men in these colleges
eligible for foot ball was: Harvard
'2,744; Yale, 2,421; Princeton, 2,176;
Michigan. 4,655; Minnesota. $685., and
Wisconsin, 1925.
New Western Preponderance.
Why this Western preponderance in
money and men? The answer is
found in two circumstances. The
Western colleges are State-supported
institutions, with board of regents,
for the most part elected by popular
vote Furthermore, many of them
have large land holdings, assigned to
them in early days, and with later
increases in value piling up tremend
Gus revenues.
Regents seeking votes have found
that a liberal attitude toward athletics
is approved, and, reciprocally, well
supported teams have doomed the col
lege and attracted students.
With the rise of the Western col
leges, the competition for athletes and
winning teams has slowly become sec
tional, and in more ways than one the
East is competing against the West.
The struggle has been stimulating to
foot ball, with the addition of the big
sectional factors, and in the East as
well as the West the alumni and the
community have been recruited behind
the team.
AS a graduate manager, / have seen
this inevitable development on the
way for Years. And l also have seen
that the inescapable tendency was to
involve the graduate manager in out
side affairs, in State or town politics
of one sort or another, and require
from him capacities for contriv-
ing and manipulating and adjusting
undreamed of in the old days
Big Salaries for Managers.
I first began to realize this a few
years ago when l was offered the
position of graduate manager in q
thirdrate college in little Southern
city. This town had struck oil, and
Evening star., 1925-08-25
WEALTH OF YOUNG STARS
MAKES EVENT UNCERTAIN
Mackenzie of Washington Among Those Figured to
Upset Dope at Oakmont-Carter, Winner of
Western Title, Being Watched.
BY RAY MCCARTHY.

\ YORK August 25-There keener interest than
approaching championship
players but also because
rising who calculations
Looking 1z8 who will off the
qualifying Monday, there dozen comparatively
unknown youths who will bear watching
There Ke Carter, for who will be with Bobby
The Oklahoma lad broke through
winth He
ount the tianal cha ninnhin
Evening star., 1925-08-25
HEADS ATHLETIC CLUB.

Lawrence Creation was chosen
president of the Cherrydale Federal
Athletic Club when the athletes met
recently to discuss foot ball. Broadus
Shear was named team captain and
j. A. Spate, jr.. manager. Teams in
the 135-pound class wishing to book
games should call Clarendon 332-W-I.
Evening star., 1925-08-25
TREASURY NETMEN WIN.

Taking four out of five matches
from the Post Office-AgricuIture team.
Treasury netmen added materially to
their lead in the race for the Depart
mental Tennis League championship.
,Charest and Considne IT'D defeated SOM
6-2: Richardson and Fogler tP-A.i de-.
feated STAN and Slanker, tT.l. .6--4. g.
Bayles and Polk tTl defeated AronOwsky
and Lazy. II defeated Jack son and Yoshi
pa. IS. 4-6, 6--3: Buell. and Coe
I'D won by default post Office-Agricul-
ture team failed TO appearl.
Evening star., 1925-08-25
HOLE IN ONE is MADE
ON MUNICIPAL COURSE

r. D. Betikofer of Washington,
playing as a member of a foursome
on the East Potomac municipal golf
links. has made himself eligible for
membership in the Hole-in-One Club.
Yesterday. using a spade mashie on
the tee, Betikofer got an eagle single
ton on the eighth hole. 10 Yards.
Evening star., 1925-08-25
SHIFT HAWK-PULLMAN TILT.

Pullman and Mohawk base ball
teams, scheduled to play at Congress
Heights Field tomorrow, have switch
ed their game to Thursday at o'clock
in GEORGETOWN Hollow.
Evening star., 1925-08-25
Storyof Graduate Manager
-The Truth About College Foot Ball Finance--
CHAPTER III.
New Forces in Foot Ball.


preceding changed
winning organiza-
alumni the popular which has built
support expenditures enaed
understand these conditions thoroughly will be take
a and eng problem
Evening star., 1925-08-25
BOOT FROM 4O-YARD LINE,
TO ADD THRILLS, HE SAYS
Other Changes Also Meet His Approval-Declares
Game Now Is Sportsmanlike and Opposes
: Undue Tampering With Code.

T DOT BALL be lot for the fellows the
stands this and for we'll because the ball be
the of mdfeld, Knute
Rockne Noe Dame coach the September of the
American Boy.
Last year radical changes kickoff made The
which all kicker declared Illegal the ball kicked
from the Oard line thought that eliminating the and thus
both height balls flight would
for the l0-yard difference
Repeatedly high school college kicke
tonng themselves ee kickoff sent the ball the goal line tor
touhbaCk That brought yard
And thrills ball. the
he ck-oH WAS fron The