davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

Their c o M
bined answers
formed one Of
the simplest X
word puzzles
ever propound-
ed before q kim
- y
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

OF strong waterproof fabrics. These
are guaranteed to fit any Ford tour
ing model. Can be attached instantly.
Top dressing, In pint cans. .... 39c
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

Last week the big lottery was
pulled off and the lucky number
failed to appear, making one and
all look very foolish If not posi-
lively ridiculous.
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

Then, one day back in 1917,
the weaker Of the sex plotted off
with practically no notice at all
and the fun commenced.
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

The whole incident established
definitely that when they slapped
that "death do US part" clause in
the wedding agreement they
knew what they were about.
The Washington times., 1925-11-20

carry q full line Of replacement PAT
FOR automatic cleaners. and ~
line OF hand windshield wipers.
Evening star., 1925-11-29

associate leader. First-Miss Louise
Bishop, leader: Mrs. ]. X. Van Fossen,
associate leader. Gunston-Temple-
Mrs. William Terrell. leader; Miss Cora
Rannells. associate leader. New York
Avenue-Mrs. Paul Fishbaugh. leader.
Takoma Park-MrS. William M. Lea
witt, leader. Westminster-Nrs Allen
Wall, leader.
Miscellaneous: First Reformed
Mrs. Thomas r.. Jarrel. leader. Church
Of Holy City--Mrs. Owen b. French,
leader: Mrs. Alfred Klakring, asso-
ciate leader. Vermont Avenue Chris,
tian-Mrs. J. G. Pritchard, leader;
Mrs. Irwin Todd associate leader.
All Souls Unitarian-Mrs. j. f.. Jones,
leader: Mrs. J. J. Lightfoot, associate
leader. Mount Pleasant Congrega-
tional-Mrs. Dora Putnam, leader.
First Congregational-M Cabot
stevens, leader United Brethren
Mrs. r. b. Cogswell, leader.
Business and Professional.
Team A-Miss Lois Hendricks, cap
tain: Miss Lucie Butler. Miss Anna
Marie Clark, Miss Marie Detrick. Miss
Lyndan T.. Duvall Mrs. Cecilia
Iden, Mrs. Bulah b. James, Miss Anna
NJ. McNutt. Miss Phoebe Moorhead,
Evening star., 1925-11-29

Team E-Miss E. TORY, captain;
Mrs. Minnie l.. Ashby, Miss Dema
Bowers, Mrs. Carrie w. Carney, Miss
Marie NJ. Dorian, Miss Lille Fergu-
son, Miss Gladys Hotchkiss, Miss
Miriam Huddle, Miss Julia Maxwell,
Miss Marion Phelps. Miss Doris Red
fern. Miss Nina Schnell, Miss Mary
Page Sheirburn. Miss Louise Thorne.
Team miss Kathryn thinner
man, captain; Miss Anna Alback, Miss
Dorothy Bansley, Mrs. Ella Bateman,
Miss Frances Butler, Miss Gary
Cheatham, Miss Helen |. Dobbie, Miss
Katherine Erwin, Miss Nell |. Erwin.
Miss Nellie s. Gist. Miss Julia Haslett.
Miss Pauline Hepp, Miss Minnie
Hunzeher, Miss Marie Lindsey, Miss
Mary l.. Lippincott, Miss Andrea
McFann, Miss May Ransdell. Miss
Leila G. Robey, Mrs Eileen Robinson,
Miss Josephine Schaeffer, Miss Alta
Smith Miss Mary f. Tecklenberg.
Miss Lucille Todd, Miss Nellie Waiter
field.
Team G-Miss G. Larimore Keeley,
captain. is heading a team of woman
lawyers.
Team H-Mrs. Nan r. Street, cap.
tain
Evening star., 1925-11-29

Mrs. f. G. Dexter, leader; Mrs. S. 7
Hughes. associate leader. Chevy
Chase-Mrs. Lamont A. Williams,
leader: Miss Ruth Hudson, associate
leader. Brookla nd-Mrs. J. l.. Sher-
wood, leader: Mrs. Q. O. DietZ, asso-
ciate leader.
piscopal--Epiphany Miss Harriet
LEIGH. leader; Mrs. J. w. Bray, asso'
r!ate leader st Iohns-Mrs. f. s.
Dunlap leader. st. Alban's-Mrs. A.
3. Heaton. leader. Takoma Park
Mrs. Henry M. Phillips, leader. st
Margaret's-Mrs. Harvey w. Wiley
leader. ST. Stephens-Mrs. q. J..
Peckham. leader; Mrs. Frank T.
Fuller. associate leader.
Methodist: Calvary. Mrs. Leonard r..
Tilden. leader: Mrs. James ;. Mont
comery. a sSociate leader. First Chevy
Chaser Mrs. Eugene McLachlen, lead
er: Mrs Jos. II. De Voc. associate
leader. Foundry-Mrs. Harry l.. Tn
derwood. leader. Metropolitan-Mrs
w. S. Dewhirst. leader. Mount Yer
non--Mrs. Thomas a. Groover, leader.
Presbyterian: CoVenant-Mrs. Wilson
Compton, leader; Mrs. Daniel Borden
associate leader. Eastern-MrS. John
Rush. leader. ECkington-Mrs. {. :.
Heritage. leader: Mrs. Jerome Shear,
Evening star., 1925-11-29

Miss Sibyl Peck, Miss Emily M. Ray.
nor. Miss c. Estelle Seigler. Mrs. b.
Ray Slough, Miss Mary Tate, Miss
Lucille NJ. Wunderlich.
Team B-Miss Ruth letters, cap
tain; Miss Mignonette o. Bucking-
ham, Miss Esther r.. Dodd. Mrs. A.
o. Dooley, Miss NJ. Florence Dunlap.
Miss Bessie b. Borat, Miss Margaret
l.. Brown, Miss Ethel Einstein, Mrs.
NJ. $. Gill Miss Lois Gates German,
Miss Pearl G. Hunter, Miss Sophie f..
Huth. Mrs. Grace B. Knoeller, Miss
Eleanore p Lang, Miss Marion MIL
Ter, Mrs. Laura Moore, Miss Linabelle
Schuyler, Miss F'reda Steffen, Miss
Bertha r. Thomas, Miss Sarah r.
Wetheral, Miss Mary Jane Wright.
Team C-Miss Marion Lermond,
captain Miss Marian S. Benner, Miss
f. Grace Brame. Miss Helen Findlay,
Miss Lucy p. Holland. Miss Violet r.
Morling, Miss Gladys Mills, Miss Car
men Pitt, Miss Ruth V. Stiles, Miss
Dorothy Y. Wilson.
Team D--Miss Kathryn Pierce, cap
tain; Miss Dorothy Alderman, Miss
Helen Tasset, Miss Mary Holman,
Miss Helen Jacobs. Miss Pauline
Myers. Miss Adele Stuhr, Miss Mar
Garet Wills
Evening star., 1925-11-29
GIFT CLEARING HOUSE.
Council of Social Agencies Seeks
to Prevent Duplications.

The Council of Social Agencies.
which is acting as n clearing house
for Christmas activities contempla ted
by the churches and social agencies
of Washington. has begun it's work
and is urging all organizations to
register with the council the names
of families they are planning TO help
and also to register the types of
services they are planning to give,
not only TO families, but TO institu-
tiOnS.
Some groups have already eX-
pressed a desire for the Jail and hos
pitfalls, and if the work done is to be
properly distributed a central regis
tration is almost imperative, it is
explained.
Last years experiment was sue
cesSful and il is hoped that this
year there will be even less dupli =
cation, so that a greater numbA
may be cared for.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
Hold 2 Suspects
In Night Attack
On Brawley Child

Little hope Of ascertaining the
identity Of the two men who at,
tempted to attack Loreen Gillian, ~
year old girl, at her home in Braw-
ley Monday night, is held out by the
sheriff's office. The rain on Mon
day night washed out any finger
prints and footmarks that might aid
in identifying the intruders.
The little girls condition is re-
ported improved today though she
is still suffering from the shock Of
experience. The screen on the win.
dow Of her room was removed and
the intruder, after entering, at
tempted to chloroform the girl. Her
cries awakened her father who saw
the man leap from the window and
make good his escape in the dark.
ness.
The Brawley police were immed-
lately notified, and though the
neighborhood was searched, no trace
OF the intruder could be found. The
girl stated the man who attempted
to attack her is a Mexican. Two
men are now held in custody by the
Brawley police, ON suspicion that
they may have been implicated in
the crime.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
by United Press Leased Wire

WASHINGTON. Nov. 25.-Mary
Pickford today was accused of Civ
ing utterly false testimony TO
federal examiners by r. T. Swayne,
attorney for the Famous Players
Laskv corporation before the fed
oral trade commission.
Arguing in the government s ease
against the corporation, which
is charged with an attempted mo-
noplv of the motion picture indus
try Swanye assailed the movie star g
version of certain dealings with
Adolph Zukor, head of the corpor-
alton.
Zukor. moving picture magnate,
informed the federal government
he is trying to dominate the movie
industry only to the extent of pro-
ducing the best pictures.
Admits Big Plans
In a final hearing of arguments
before the federal trade commits
sion on a complaint charging ZuAor
with attempted monopoly through
his Famous Players-Lasky company
R. T. Swayne, Zukor's counsel, as
serted:
"'We plead guilty to the charge
that Zukor tried to build the larg-
est company in the industry and to
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

mately, but pending the admission
of the veteran to the care Of these
organizations, local posts are call
ed upon to take care Of deserving
cases.
AS the dues Of the legion are
not sufficient to provide FOR any
such funds, it becomes necessary to
obtain the money from some other
source. The legion plays in the past
have helped us to raise this money.
We have tried to give the people
full return for the money the show
tickets cost them. and we believe
We have succeeded
Tickets for the show were placed
on sale yesterday, and may be oh.
tanned from any member Of the
legion. Persons desiring to obtain
tickets may do so by communicat-
ing with A. c. Farrar at $40 Main
street.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
PROCEEDS OF POST
PLAY TO BE USED
FOR RELIEF WORK

All proceeds derived from the
production Of "Dulcy," which will
be given here next week under the
auspiee Of Boyce Aten Post, Amer
lean Legion, are used for relief
work among ex-serviee men, ac-
cording TO statement made today
by "Pat' Thaanum, commander OF
the post.
"Our records show that during
the first six months Of this year
we expended approximately $500
among needy ex-serviee men, who
applied to us for aid. The majority
Of these eases arise among ex-ser-
vice men who are suffering from
their service in the war, but who
are not entitled to government com
pensation under the regulation Of
the Veterans bureau.
"The national endowment fund
Of the legion, and the Veterans bu-
reau, take care Of most cases ulti-
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
SEELEY MAN HAS
CLOSE CALL WHEN
TRAIN HITS TRUCK
Al. Jamison Escapes With
Bruises; Machine Was
Stalled on Crossing.

Al Jamison Of Seeley, truck
driver for the Imperial Valley Lum-
ber company, suffered severe lacera-
tions about the head shortly before
10 o'clock this morning when his
truck was struck by a San Diego
train at the Main street crossing.
Jamison was driving east on Main
street, and according to Conductor
Oakes, Of the train crew, the driv.
er apparently brought his truck to a
stop when he noticed the "wig-
wag' danger signal in operation.
However, he again started up the
truck, though the train was only a
few hundred feet south Of the cross
ing. proceeding north at a speed
estimated at three or four miles an
hour.
The truck stopped in the CEN
ter of the crossing, and though En-
gineer E. B. Luke applied his
brakes, the train could not be stop
ped in time to avoid striking the
automobile. The truck was pushed
off the crossing BY the force Of the
COLLISION and JamlsOn's injuries were
received when he was jammed up
against the side of the car.
Train Is Stopped
Luke brought the train to stop
before the engine had crossed over
Main street. The accident was wit
messed by several bystanders, who
stated that it was unavoidable as
far as the train crew was concern
ed. They rushed to the assistance
of Jamison and he was taken to
the Ell Centre hospital where he was
given medical attention. His right
ear was badly lacerated, and he has
a deep cut in his head which may
possibly develop into fracture. His
condition is not considered serious
however.
The train was delayed in this
city over 10 minutes while report
of the accident was filed with the
railroad officials here.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
SALVATION ARMY
NEEDS MORE COIN
FOR RELIEF WORK

A little more enthusiasm is re-
ported to beSneeessary if the cam
paign to obtain funds for the Sal
walton Army is to be success.
The local branch of the Army is
struggling under considerable
debt, consisting of money borrow
ed from headquarters and incurred
to local concerns. Letters have been
sent to all water users in the coun-
tv, but only n small number have as
yet responded. The ranchers have
also been somewhate tardy in ans
wering the call for help.
One bright spot in the campaign
was uncovered at the court house,
the response there being 100 per
cent.
Calls for help are being made
daily at the Salvation Army head
quarters, requests being made for
fuel, groceries, rent, medicine and
clothing, meals and lodgings.
Those who have not yet been So
licited in the campaign are urged
to send their contributions at once
to the campaign committee, 52S
Hamilton street. All checks should
be made payable to the Salvation
Army.
FL Centre Lodge of Elks is spon-
soring the campaign and is giving
wonderful aid to the Army in its
efforts to obtain the $4,000 quota
which must be obtained if the good
work of the Salvation Army is to
be kept up this year.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
CORPORATION ATTORNEY ACCUSES
MARY PICKFORD OF GIVING FALSE
TESTIMONY TO FEDERAL EXAMINER

, the accusation that he has the
largest company. but we challenge
the commission to prove that am.
bition is unfair.
Claims Complete Fiction
Swavne asserted that the emo.
noplv' charges wer e' complete
fiction and called for proof on the
charges other than by the asser-
tons of the prosecution lawyers.
The entire prosecution, Swayne
said, was based not on the quesr
ton of attempted monopoly Vas
charged in the complaint, but on
the right of q. producer to own
theaters as Zukor does.
The monopoly of stars charge
leveled against Zukor was "sthe
height of absurdity, he said,
pointing out that it was based on
Famous Players-Lasky posters
claiming "the greatest galaxy of
stars
Swayne said that First National
Pictures also made similar attempts
to obtain ''all the best artists at
any price, and cited the million dol
lar Charlie Chaplin contract.
He also contended that the Lowe
Metro -Goldywn picture combine was
as large or nearly as large as the
Famous Players -Lasky company.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
FAMED LANSD0WNE
LETTERS ARE PUT
IN MITCHELL QUIZ

WASHINGTON, Nov. 25.-Colo-
mel William Mitchell today intro
duced as evidence in his court mar
tial trial the famous correspondence
between the navy department and
the late Zachary Lansdowne, COM
mander of the Shenandoah, over the
dirigible's fateful western trip, to
substantiate his charge that 1.-the
lives of airmen are used as pawns. y
After q day spent in submitting
documentary evidence to support
Mitchelps spectacular charges, the
defense rested is case.
Colonel Herbert A. White, Nit
ehell's military counsel, today read
into the court record a number of
documents designed to substantiate
the colonef's charges.
He brought out that the war de-
partment ignored recommendations
for development Of dirigibles as air
plane carriers, and Introduced a re-
port of a test at Scott Field, ILL.,,
last January, which said that any
plane can be hooked on an airship
during flight.
White brought out that the Fort
Tilden anti-aircraft tests cost 1885,
602. Mitchell has asserted they
were useless.
White supported Mitchell S
charge that worthless" seacoast
defense have cost the government
"billions of dollars He intro
duced a report from the army fl
nance officer showing that the gov
ernment expended s33,604, ,000,00 on
these defenses during tn period
1910 to 1919.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
EXHIBITORS WORK
HARD ON DISPLAYS
AT BRAWLEY FAIR

The spirit Of industry which has
been awakened in preparation of
the Imperial Valley Aid-Winter
fair. which will open next Wednes-
day is being held fittingly e1empli-
fled inside Of the big white canvas
which will house the greatest, most
comprehensive, and representative
display Of the agriculture, dairy,
fruit and live stock industry Of I'M
perial Valley along with the finest
exhibition Of motor ears, imple
ments, farm equipment. manufae-
turer's and merchants display
booths ever gathered together in
counfy~Y6 "A @la.-ts +ltos t,aa...
All ii a hustle and bustle!H s'Fhe
exhibitors are working like beavers
and their efforts will be renewed
every day until the grand opening
for the word has been given out
that everything must be complete
and ready on the opening hour.
To the tune Of hammers and clang
Of saw. magic city is being erect
ed at the fair grounds at Brawley.
The largest tents ever erected in
the valley will house the shows.
The live stock tent, the women's
fine arts tent, the industrial tent,
the auto tent, and all the other
tents are forming one big exposi-
ton.
This exposition Of magic Will
present an added charm at night
time, for it is to be brilliantly
lighted by thousand watt lamps.
placed in decorative chandeliers.
The electricians have long since
completed the task Of laying the
wires and the plumbers are now
putting the , finishing touches to-
their work, that all may be ade.
qhately equipped for the demonstra-,
non Of motors, pumps, electric light.
Mants Of every sort.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
lnsurgent Saints
Bolt From Church

INDEPENDENCE, Mo-, Nov. 25.
Insurgents Of the reorganized
Church Of Latter Day Saints have
withdrawn from the church "for
keeps" according TO the tone Of a
resolution adopted at a meeting
here.
The resolutions assail the claim
OF Frederick NJ. Smith, president Of
the church, that in a revelation God
called on him to remain in power.
Withdrawal Of the rebel faction fol
lowed an unsuccessful attempt to-
remove supreme control Of the
church from Smith.
Officers Of the insurgent group
will be elected at meeting tonight.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
CERTIFICATE OF INDIVIDUAL
FICTITIOUS NAME

Civil Code, Sec. 2466, 246S, 2478
State OF California,
County Of Imperial, So:
1 hereby certify that I an tran
sacting business at 76s Main Street,
in the City Of FL Centre, County Of
Imperial, State Of California, under
a designation not showing the name
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

Of the person interested IN sush
business, towit:
"REO IMPERIAL VALLEY
COMPANY. "
That my name is Noah Burton
Gholson, that am the solo and
only owner Of said business, that
my place Of residence is 167 Cen.
trail Avenue, Riverside. California.
WITNESS my hand this card day
Of October, A. D. 1925. \.
NOAH BURTON GHOLSON.
State Of California, !
County Of Imperial, IS:
On this 23rd day Of October, In,
the year one thousand nine hundred;
and twenty five, before me per.
sonally appeared Noah Burton
Gholson, known to me to be the
person whose name is subscribed to
the foregoing instrument and he
acknowledged to me that he exc.
cuted the same. .. 4
WITNESS my hand and the seal
Of my office this 23rd day Of Oc,
tober, 1925. - /
HUBER A. COLLINS, sss
Notary Public in and for the Coun.
ty Of Imperial, State OF Califor.
MIA. N "a d 8 Is
(Notarial Seal.)
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

One hundred acres at Wasco,
Kern county, have just been planted
to lettuce.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
reopened.

The idle magncsite pits near Pat
terson, Stanislaus county, are TO be
reopened.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

Dairy cows in Merced county have
increased since 1922 from 81 Gao to
34,s20.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

\ sharp frost the first week of
November destroyed peas and other
truck crops in Salinas Valley.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

Oakdale, Stanislaus county, re-
ports its 500 acres Of beans range
from two to Is sacks an acre.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

The first present-crop oranges left
Porterville, Tularc county, October
30.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25
CAN DEDUCT LOSS
IN BOILER BURST
FROM INCOME TAX

Taxpayers who sustain losses
through the bursting Of boilers in
their residences may deduct the
amount of actual damage from their
income returns, under a ruling re-
ceived from Washington.
Much confusion has prevailed
among taxpayers as to their right
regarding loss affecting their 'hom-
es and the following ruling will
clarity the atmosphere, Collector
Goodcell said:
CLOSES sustained by other ca
sualty within the meaning Of Sec
tion 214-A of the Revenue Act of
1924 have been defined as those
which arise through the action Of
natural, physical forces, and which
occur suddenly, Unexpectedly, and
without the design Of the one suf.
fering the loss. The loss sustained
through the bursting Of the boiler
was due to the action Of natural,
physical forces and occurred sud.
denly, Unexpectedly, and without
the design Of the taxpayer; hence it
comes clearly within the definition
OF losses arising from other casual
ty.
"The deductible loss, therefore, is
the difference between the cost or
March !, 1913, value of the boiler,
if acquired prior to that date, which.
ever is greater, redueed by the in
surance or other compensation re-
ceiyed. il any. and alao hv the sal-
wage value Of the boiler, il any.
Such loss ID deductible in the tar.
payers return for 1924, the year in
which the loss was sustained
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-25

Skirts were shortened because the
women hated to have them brush
against gossips.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1925-10-06
TO
BE GIVEN PRIZES
Cash Awards for Improvement
at Congress

AshevtlIt. y. c.. Oct. s PA ma
tiorol contest for the Improvement
and beautification Of Fairgrounds
WAS announced here today Of the
nrincipsl session of the Twelfth Rec
reational Congress.
The object is to encourage the
Identification Of the 5,006 public
outdoor plavgrounds in the United
states and CahaJa. all of which ase
cliribls con,erdcrs. The contest, it
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1925-10-06

For the convenience Of those Nv
ing ont Of the city, We have ar
ranged 70 mail 6 losves, prepaid,
for S2S0. Send this amount to
the address below and loaf viii
he mailed fresh from the oven
every other day.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1925-10-06
Devon Man Shoots Wife
And Then Kills Himself

Bridgeport, Oct s Pt-Carmel
Lcgato OF Devon is dead and his wife
Is III the Milford hospital, as result
Of shooting tragedy In Four Cor
ners, Devon, yesterday afternoon.
Legato and his wife had been liv-
ing in their home on Naugatuck
avenue until a week ago when they
had a violent quarrel and he went
TO Waterbury.
He returned last night and taking
ZIP stand in front of the lnterdale
hotel, directly opposite his home
waited for his wife to appear in the
front of the house. He shot her in
the neck then turned the gun OH
himself aud pulled the trigger. The
bullet entered his right temple and
he died Immediately, The woman
| Ia In a very serious condition and
is not expected TO live through the
night.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1925-10-06
enough COAL At
Sl7.5O PER TON
This Is What Dealers Report 10
Governor Trumbul

Hartford Oct. P,-The hard
coal situation In Connecticut In the
face of the strike In the anthracite
fields, Is not alarming. and the peo-
pie OF this state have little reason
TO fear the approach OF winter. Gov
ernor Trumbull vas informed yes
terduy BY a committee OF twelve
prominent coal dealers, represent
ing the coal dealers of Connecticut
which conferred with the executive
at the capitol.
Eighty per cent Of the normal
winter demand for hard coal In
Connecticut is already in the state,
the dealers assured the governor.
making 1t unnecessary to resort 10
substitutes for net more than TWEEN
~ per cent of the supply, If the
dealers should find 1t difficult TO in
crease the percentage Of anthracite
supply in the meantime. The regu-
liar prices will be maintained for the
| local now on hand, ranging from
Is16 10 sl7.50. depending, the eAccu-
tive was advised, on the freight
charges to the locality where the
coal Is sold 10 the consumer.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1925-10-06
Strike Of Musicians at
Shubert Theater Settled

Nov Haven. Oct. 6.-The strike of
musicians at the Shubert theater
here, which has been in progress for
a month, VAS settled last night and
the men will return to the orchestra
pit a week from yesterday, The
strike began month ago when
twenty-five New York musicians
playing here during the presentation
of THE Royal Vagabond," left their
places forcing the theater to Close
its doors for q time. The theater
was opened later but without must.
clans. and no musical plays have
been given since then.