davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1925-05-16

:, It has come to our attention that many people are under the impression that wireless messages which are to go might letter" must be filed in the evening at the radio station. Such is not the case-they can receive these mes sages for transmission at any time of the day and the earlier they are filed the better as rush in the evening often times causes a good deal of inconvenience for the operators.
 FUNERAL FOR J. P. PETERSON
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Surface of Mars Must Be Very Dry,
Spectrographic Observations Show

ing that the surface Of Mars must be
highly arid.
Measured by the same method, the
amount Of oxygen on the neighboring
planet also is relatively very low. Ac-
cording to DIR. ST. John, 1t is only so
per cent as great as the oxygen supply
on Mount Everest, where exploring
expeditions have had to resort to the
use of oxygen tanks in order to keep
alive.
Though deficient in water and oxy-
gen, there is no doubt that Mars still
possesses an atmosphere. E. G.. Sill
pher Of the Lowell Observatory, at
Flagstaff. Ariz.. showed that photo.
graphs made with red-light filters
made the planet appear larger and
showed greater detail than those made
with bluelight filters. Red light is
known to have greater powers of pene.
tration through the atmosphere than
blue, so that the photographs would
tend to indicate the presence OF an
atmosphere on Mars.
Mars is more thrifty than the earth
of the radiation 1t receives from the
sun. DIR. G. o. Lampland, using the
Coblentz radiometer. found that
though Mars receives less energy from
the sun, it absorbs all but Is per cent
of what 1t receives, whereas the earth
reflects nearly half Of the light and
heat falling on 1t. The temperature of
Mars. DR.. Lampland concludes, may
not be greatly different from that of
the earth. DR.. Lampland has also
studied the planet Mercury with the
radiometer, but finds Venus unap-
proachable because of it's dense enve.
lope Of presumably cloudy atmosphere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

II Mars has any inhabitants, they
must be able to get along on about
one-twentieth of the water one finds
on the tops of the semi-desert noun
tains in southern California DIR.
Charles E. st. John, astronomer at the
Mount Wilson Observatory, told the
astronomers gathered there at the an
nual meeting of the American Astro-
nomical Society how he learned Ct the
Marian dought by means Of the spec
troscope mounted on the great 100-inch
telescope, the largest instrument Of its
kind in the world.
When light passes through a sub
stance certain colors are absorbed. and
what these colors are can be learned
by means of the spectroscope. Specif1-
cally, light passing through water va
por of a certain density will always be
absorbed in the same way. BY catch
ing the light from the planet with the
the spectroscope DR.. st. John was able
to determine the amount of moisture
in the Marian atmosphere.
There was a possible source of error
in the absorbing effect of water vapor
in the earth's own atmosphere. This
was corrected by taking spectographtc
pictures of the sky. When the absorb
ing effect shown in these was sub
tracted from the total in the plates
from the planet the remainder repre-
scented the absorption in the atmos-
phere on Mars. This proved to be
only per cent as great as the absorb
ton of the very dry atmosphere above
the summit Of Mount Wilson. indicat-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Monkey Very Like Human Baby at Birth,
German Scientist Finds From Study

What Is a monkey really like; that
LIZ, when he is brought up without any
training or furbelows whatever, when
he is left entirely uninfluenced to fol-
low his own sweet way and is not even
given monkey companions from which
he can learn what Is proper for
monkeys to do? That is the question
Prof. Pfungst, a member of the Berlin
Physiological Society, wanted to get
some light on in study he made on a
monkey brought up just like that.
AS an infant the monkey was raised
on human milk with some admiXture
of cows milk, for the monkey brand
was unavailable. His face was so
light at birth that it was easy to mis-
take him for human infant when In
his nurses arms. On the third day of
his adopted life he began to suck his
thumb, and has not gotten over the
habit yet, in his fourth year of life.
Thumb sucking had never been OBJ
served in other monkeys, Prof. Pfungst
said.
The little fellow knew good manners
from birth. He could not bear being
shouted at, and he always turned his
head and ignored the offender. 1t was
just as bad when any one stared at
him. In fact, sometimes he was so
upset by 1t that he showed he would
rather be dead than go through with
it, for he. often lay fat on the ground
and pretended he was. Anything that
resembled big, starry eyes frightened
him. The sight Of mans head did
not alarm him in the least, but a
gorilla's head aroused great fear.
The monkey yawned, not when he
was horad or tired but when he wa
RugHa HA Wa& aerlous-aad nsvag
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
INCHES in THE HALL OF FAME
WILL BE FILLED In OCTOBER
Electors to Select Twelve Names From List of p
Outstanding Americans for Signal Honor
Before Future Generations.

made on any pattern Of sect or sec
ton or prejudice. The names Of Grant
and Lee are side by side, both being
undeniably famous. The grounds of
Poe's inclusion were different from
those of Channing's. near whose name
Is that of Jonathan Edwards. Some
times we have our poetry or our the
ology in earthen vessels. The main
consideration would seem to be the
total influence upon American life Of
the work of the man or woman chosen.
So far the statesmen and the authors
are In preponderating numbers. but
hereafter the scientists and the artists
are likely to come into Their own.
Twelve to Be Named.
Following are the 81 names from
which the quota Of ~ may be filled
at the present election: Samuel Adams,
Horace Bushnell. Edwin Booth, George
Rogers Clark, John Singleton Copley,
Dorothea Lynde Dix, William Lloyd
Garrison, Nathaniel Greene, Thomas
Jonathan c.Stonewall'D Jackson, John
Jay, John Paul Jones, Adoniram Jud-
son, Matthew Fontaine Maury, VII.
Hobson Richardson, Benjamin Rush,
Philip Henry Sheridan. Benjamin
Thompson. Henry David Thoreau.
Noah Webster. Walt Whitman. Charles
Bulf1nch. Cyrus West Field. Sidney
Lanier. Paul Revere. James Otis.
1t is not likely that more than
three-fifths Of the electors voting will
agree upon IL names. It would be as
interesting as q crossword puzzle and
of much educational value If individ-
uals or schools would mako their own
selections in advance and compare
them with the conclusions Of the COL
lege of electors.
(Copyright, 1921
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Editors in Daily Fear of Exploitation
By Market Riggers and Propaggandists

known to be approaching, is expected
to affect the market. He can rarely
hope that his fakes will be published.
He is satisfied to have them well cir
culated. Wall street Is sensitive to
any rumor and brokers' wires. the
most common channel for rumors, will
carry to the street any rumor that can
get any kind Of a start. The President
Of the United States Is his favorite
subject. In the past 20 years the AS
ISOLATED Press has received mysterious
reports concerning the health of the
President or. perhaps suggesting some
accident to him on an average Of about
once every four months. No rumor Is
ignored, but none Is encouraged.
THE struggle between the honest
editor. on the one hand, and the would
be exploiters of the press. on the other.
is never-ending. Today. as you read
these words, men at newspaper copy
desks all over the country are blue
penciling page after page Of specula-
ton, half.truth, propaganda and false
hood foisted upon them in the guise
Of news. Sometimes, with terrific odds
against them OF instantaneous COM
munication and rapid printing, they
slip. Theirs Is tough Job at best,
and they are not tnfalltble. But In
the main they are successful In their
daily effort to assess the importance
of what comes to them. to isolate ru-
mors, defeat news takers and propa.
gandists and present to you the honest
facts you must have II your picture Of
the world in which you live is to be
truthful and complete"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
ALIcMETAL AIRSHIP MAY
SUCCEED LOST DIRICIBLE
President Interested in Proposed Substi-
tute for Shenandoah Heralded as
Fireproof and Weatherproof.

in Boston. Likewise. the ease of
"controllability" has been established,
dis we'll as the best shape and plac-
ing of the control surfaces. The
strength of the ship, in the resistance
of it's shell to distortion under vari-
atoms in pressure and pitch, and IN
the disposition Of the framing, has
been checked by an overloaded hydro.
static model, built one-tenth size. using
the actual shell plating and similar
seam construction and sealing me-
dunn, rivets and riveting process that
will be used in the full sized ship.
Valuable lessons were learned from
the extreme conditions imposed
These confirmed former conclusions
and demonstrated the dependa btlity
of the design.
The problem of putting millions of
rivets into the ship-work almost i'm
solved by designing riveting machine
that stitches rivets as a sewing ma.
chine sews cloth. With this auto
matte machine 5000 rivets can be in
serted in an hour.
In addition to devising a way of
riveting the seams together, a means
of making them gas-tight was neces-
sary. The material, which was de-
vtsed for this purpose, is a substance
affected by neither heat nor cold. hav-
ing a consistency that would stick to
the metal and not run, yet sufficiently
elastic to give" with the metal.
Instead of silk envelope. the ALI
metal Detroit ship is covered with
"duralumin," which is a thin sheet
metal of a fiber said to have shown
itself absolutely weatherproof in tests.
A full sized experimental fin of dura-
lumin was built and tested to destruc
ton. 1t stood a load of over five
times the maximum fight pressure,
and yet weighs only 2sh pounds.
c. P. Burgess. an authority on
Zeppelin construction and an en-
gineer of lighter-than-air craft for
the United States Navy, made a
thorough-going study of the "all
metal dirigible and reported as fol
lows: AT the present time, the
metalclad airship gives promise of
important advantages over the Zeppe-
lin type of rigid airships in regard to
increased lift, security from fire,
greater durability. less cost Of ma
terial, and less total cost, IL the rivet-
ing work can be done mainly by auto
matte machines"
Edsel Ford a Director.
Among the directors of the Aircraft
Development Corporation at Detroit
are Edsel B. Ford. president of the
Ford Motor Company; c. F. Kettering.
president of the General Motors Re-
search Corporation, and Harold H.
Emmons, president Of the Detroit
Board Of Commerce. William B.
Mayo, chief engineer of the Ford
Motor Company, is vice president of
the corporation. Wrapped up with
the desire of the Detroiters to sup
ply Uncle Sam with the most modern
type of dirigibles is the Motor City's
anxiety to become the Nations prin-
cipal aviation center from the indus
trial standpoint The Fords are said
to be ready. to place. their fortunes
and facilities at Detroit's disposal to
that end.
Copyright. 1e251
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

The profound and nerve-wrecking
responsibility Of the editor Of the mod
ern newspaper who would sift fact
from fiction, and the extraordinary
precautions of the Associated Press to
protect the public from exploitation,
are pictured In an article by Edward
McKernon In the October Harper's
Magazine.
The writer. who is the superinten.
dent Of the Eastern division of the
Associated Press. says that the bur-
den of editorial responsibility has
grown enormously In recent years by
the rapidly increased efficiency Of the
news-gathering and distributing ma
chinery, making possible the swift
transmission Of news. 'for. be it un-
derstood, too. that what science has
done for the honest reporter 1t has
done for the knave also. Once the
news faker obtains access to the press
wires, all the honest editors alive will
not be able to repair the mischief he
can do"
Many persons-a far greater num-
Der than most readers realize-make a
business Of misinforming the public
for their own ends. OF these. three
the market rigger, the news faker, and
the professional propagandist-ared de-
scribed as the arch-enemies Of the
press and tho public. To the market
rigger the writer ascribes the origin of
the false report Of signing Of the
armistice In 1918. OF him he says:
'"The market rigger. whose business
It Is to cause prices in Wall street to
rise or fall suddenly In order that he
or his associates may profit thereby. Is
clever and dangerous. He watches for
the psychological moment when the
public may be most easily stampeded.
He frequently originates and sets in
circulation rumors anticipating such
events as the passing Of man power
$ul 1n-0panoiaA ciSn1oR Khonn rnnd.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

often referred to as "hand-to-mouth,
buying.
The resulting quicker turr. over on
a larger scale has released much can.
ital formerly tied up in jobbers' stores,
the boards report indicates But the
new ways Of doing business also have
brought many new problems Of read.
tustment and of regulation, toward
the solution of which the Federal
Trade Commissions activity is direct
ed. thus relieving the already crowded
courts.
Many Business Tactics.
Among the novel business tactics
developed under the new trade con.
ditions are many not easily classified
as fair or unfair, and some not wrong
IN themselves, yet undesirable for eco
nomic reasons, according to the
boards report. AS advertising takes
the place of personal contact between
buyer and seller, the report points
out, the producer is forced to adopt
new devices to develop and retain
goodwill 80 as to assure himself of
a steady volume Of business. Brand
ing Of products, intensive advertising
of trade marks and trade names and
Of retail prices, and attempts to en-
force such advertised prices thus de-
veloped. according to the board. in the
effort to capture and hold distant
markets. In working out the prob
lens Of regulation arising from these
newer methods Of marketing, and in
the sitting of the unfair" and the
fraudulent from the legitimate, much
cooperation is being given the Fed
eral Trade Commission by the trade
associations and other voluntary bust
ness organizations, the board points
out.
A most reassuring feature Of the
situation indeed. the board finds, is
the voluntary action taken by trade
bodies in Kidding business Of question
able or undesirable practices OF compe-
tition. Business knows it's own bust
ness best, to paraphrase the confer
ence boards view, and is making big
strides in clarifying the standards
adapted to the greatly changed meth
DDS of trade. While there are big
problems arising from the radical
change in conditions which eventually
must be solved through judicial pro-
cedure, self-regulation Is emphasized
by the board as the most effective
means of trade discipline, and as the
one positive hope for the further de-
velopment of business enterprise
dlOnS Tic lilies VI Tree competition.
Discusses Government Policy.
Government policy, the conference
board finds in analysing administra-
tive and judicial procedure under the
Sherman antitrust act, the Clayton
and the Federal Trade Commission
acts, is slowly adapting itself to the
changing conditions, and "big bust
ness" no longer Is regarded with sus.
picion simply because 1t Is big This
change in attitude, the conference
board considers warranted by the ex-
perience in Government regulation
under the Clayton and Federal Trade
Commission legislation during the 10
years Of the commissions existence.
Most of the commissions orders to
cease and desist" from unfair prac-
tees, the board points out. were issued
against small concerns Of little con-
sequence in their own field of trade,
and occasions for prosecuting big
business enterprises, such as are
popularity referred to as trusts were
surprisingly few.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
BY FREDERICK WILLIAM VILE
~ RESIDENT COOLIDGE and the

N RESIDENT COOLIDGE and the
- Navy Department are taking
lively interest in the conStruc-
i ton Of the worlds first ALI
metal" airship. If their find
fngs are satisfactory, Congress will
probably be asked to appropriate
money for dir1gible of that type to
take the place OF the doomed "Shen-
andoah." The Aircraft Development
Corporation Of Detroit is now ready
to build demonstration vessel, the
distinguishing feature Of which Is that
it Is metal-clad. The Shenandoah s
steel frame was encased in a silk
envelope. Some Of the testimony
just developed at the Lakehurst in
quiry into the Shenandoah loss was
to the effect that q silk-clad dirigible
affords no adequate facilities for AN
choring' the Orders of an airshlp.
That deficiency will not exist in an
"all-metal" craft. In addition, the De-
troit dirigible is claimed to be both
fireproof and weatherproof. It's con-
structors also contend that 1t will have
a speed, carrying capacity and range
OF action superior to any existing air,
ship of similar size.
President Coolidge's Position.
Mr.. Coolidge is as game" as any
sailor in the Navy in refusing, as it
were, to give up the airship," just
because Comdr. Transformers craft
fell afoul the elements. The President
has not the remotest intention of
abandoning the dirigible system Of
aerial construction. He authorizes the
statement that there is as little justi-
fication for doing SO, on account of
the Shenandoah disaster. as there
would be in building no more ocean
liners for fear they would all meet
the fate of the Titanic. Uncle Sam
must continue his effort to conquer
the air-by dirigible, as we'll as by
heavier-than-air types, in Mr.. Cool
fdge's opinion. He is watching eagerly
to see whether the Detroit engineers
have hit upon a system for the dirigi-
bic that will restore Congress- faith in
It. On all. hands 1t Is conceded that
the lighter-than-air machine received
a serious blow when the Shenandoah
was destroyed. 1t is largely up to the
Detroiters to show that they have hit
upon device. that Is at least an ad.
vance upon the system that fell rather
easy prey to the winds in the Middle
West a month ago.
Designers of "An-MetaI'' Craft.
The man chiefly responsible for the
creation Of the "all-metal' dfrigible Is
Ralph U. Epson, former chief engi-
peer of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber
Co.'S aeronautical department, and
four times winner of national and in
ternational balloon races. Howard E.
Coffin, one of the Coolidge air board
members, quotes Italy's greatest avia-
fton expert. Signer Nobelli. as saying
that Epson Is the leading. aircraft en-
gineer in the United States, IL not in
the world.
The speed and power consumption
Of the 'all-metal" vessel have been ac-
curate1y checked by two independent
series of wind-tunnel tests at the
Washington navy yard and at the
Massachusetts, Institute of Technology
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

laughed, although his mother before
him had. He could not cry, and even
onions held before his eyes failed to
evoke tears.
In four years he had seen practically
no other creatures except man. On
two occasions he had been shown a
cat and then himself in a looking
glass. Then came his Introduction to
one of his own kind. At first he was
very excited and afraid, but his cour-
age eventually returned. Before long
he became trustful and gave his new
companion Skin treatment" as DR..
Wolfgang Koehler, an authority on
apes, calls the great social game of
hunting for fieas and lice and any
thing else that monkeys can find in
their fur.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Suicide Curb Sought.

In Berlin the number of suicides
has become SO alarming that q pro-
posal has been made to create special
relief stations where persons contem.
plating self.destruction might go and
receive the help they need. The
causes Of suicide are most often lack
Of money, illness, neurasthenia and
unrequited or INSTRUCTED love. Could
the sufferers receive good advice, a
little money or the Intervention Of the
proper person. it is thought their in.
tention might be shaken and their
lives saved. Pastors. lay confessors,
psychoanalysts and regular physicians
might be drafted into service. The
question remains whether intending
suicides could be induced to have re-
CO. sssu~e for,nssclA. NAn>nn61aaHnu ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
SEES TRADE CHANGES In FORM
OF COMMERCIAL REVOLUTIONS
Phenomenal Growth of National Advertising and Fa
cilities of Communication, National Indus
trial Conference Board Theme.

Business in the United States.
principally because Of the phenomenal
development of national advertising
and the increased facilities Of COM
munication and transportation. is in
process OF a transformation which Is
so radically changing the trade struc-
ture as to be nothing short of com
mercial revolution" in the view of the
National Industrial Conference Board.
The concomitant evolution Of new
business methods and tactics present
problems to which public policy is
slowly adapting itself. In the light Of
the conference boards comprehensive
analysis of 10 years governmental
regulation of competition under the
Clayton and Federal Trade Commits
sion acts, In its study Regulation of
Competitive Practices" just COM
pleted.
Significant Facts Noted.
Two factors stand out as significant
in the changing picture Of business
evolution, according to the board
analysis-the waning importance of
shortening Of the process Of distri-
button. Where formerly goods were
bought on inspection and by personal
bargaining, nationwide advertising
has made possible the more direct
purchasing. by specification, of stand
ardized commodities at given prices
without Intermediates. The manu-
lecturer, brought nearer to his mar
kets through nationwide advertising,
depends less on statesmen or jobbers.
or even the retailers. and prompt de-
liveries by improved freight service
and the auto truck make possible fire.
quent ordering in smaller quantities,