The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-08-12
Thru Courtesy of the
International Pub
fishers Co.

Supreme subsequently up the
autonomous Republics Progress this direction could only
be slow for though the campaigns the internal and external
fronts conspiracy still active NeYcrthc
less the Revolutionary Tribunals reorganzed and their
given national and less local character by assocat
the Council of Peoples Courts in the nomination OF their
bers.
Then New Economic Policy with restoration
of private property and the remuneration of War Communism
This before long complete Of the
revolutionary udcatue and jurisprudence For jurisprudence
again became concerned with rights persons property
all modern developments While function protect
ing the Communist perhaps more correctly the Socialist
foundations of the State against the rising flood of private
enterprise had be transferred from the Red Guard the Red
Army and the Tcheka the Law Courts The last line Of
defense of Socialism still remained recourse to armed force
but the first line now became the new Codes as enforced
ton OF all Revolutionary Tribunals and other forms OF judicial
coercion the elaboration of complete system of ris
prudence and the re-esabishment of unified udicaure
The latter task only carried through against the OBJ
snate opposition of Communists who considered the
the safeguarding of the Revolution After short but sharp
struggle however complete judicial promulgated
Russian Federation on January lst 1928 Union
finally ratified and Of this system
obligatory Republics entering the Union though is
Republics holding under the Federation (F F. S R)
The Judiciary
The judiciary consists of Peoples Courts of Justice,
composed permanent judge sitting either alone with two
Peoples Second Instance
into various Courts of special jurisdiction There Also in
other countries Military Tribunals the armed forces Fur
thcr Labor Courts which be the local Peoples Court in
special session for labor and Commissions for deciding
differences between State enterprises The Revolutionary Ir
bunas the Special Divisions and the Tcheka abolished
The Peoples Courts
district (ouyezd) or a Peoples Court The
judges must be citizens good character who have parcpat
ed in local government who have had
sble political work political organization three
practical work of the judicial departments They
selected by the Provincial Executive Committee the proposal
of the Provincial Judge the Commissarat of Justice for
renewable term of subject suspension by the Com
missarat Criminal of Importance the judge tries with
two These similar in general
function jury The panel must
contain SO cent of workers. and there arrangements
for special assessors in of Importance
Provincial Courts
The Provincial Courts have the usual jurisdiction of Sec
ond Instance and their President and appointed
similar system as in the National Courts but higher quail
required They First Instance
the class of previously tried the Revolutionary rb-
nails in SO far as such are oenses under existing law Inc
Province The Court is divided into criminal and civil depart
ments being subdividd Courts of Appeal and of
Instance the first having three professional judges the
latter judge and two assessors.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has the supervision of all inferior
courts final jurisdiction in appeal and also in first instance for
the important matters The Supreme Court has stand
ing Committee (presdim) plenary assembly juricon-
suits for appeals, also marine and military experts.
Working Of the Peoples Courts
The working studied by the Delegation
of whom spent two afternoons listening to
The first thing that struck observer that the atmo
sphere aimed at different Instead of the impressive stag
impress the dignity of the law there almost aggressive
simplicity and absence of soemnty ceremonial For
apartment house the courtroom being merely the largest
of the fiat The public the prisoners their guard and their
counsel all sit anywhere the benches At table
sits the Judge with either side girl short
handwrter the end of the table The rbans the
the only There
police ushers Two young soldiers of the Red Army in
charge of prisoners sit the benches the public
The judge calls out the of prisoners parties in
and they forward stand before the table talk
rise their while judgment judges
who all quite press examination in the
One in ten OF them and generally of the
The seem to be for the part trial