davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

Christmas time finds the Occur
.d'Alene Hotel, Spokane, at its best.
You are sure to like the atmosphere
Of refined comfort and hospitality.
The hotel with personality. adv
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

Out-of-town people like Jack Whites
Tray Tavern Cafeteria because It's 80
homelike and the food is like they
get at home. Try 1t next time you are
In Spokane. ADV.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

Paul had date with a profes
sional min dreader once. Pauline
How did she enjoy her vacation
Northwestern Purple Parrot.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

1t requires $500 different telephone
directories to meet the requirements
of the Bell Telephone users, aggre-
eating 25,0O0O0O copies annually.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18
CLASSIFIED
REPRESENTATIVE WANTED

REPRESENTATIVE WANTED
LADY or GENTLEMAN representative
can make $50 week and up working
whole or part time. Protected territory.
Eectrolife Magnetic Blankets give you
an electric Turkish bath by attaching
to your light socket, creating perfect
circulation, assimilation, elimination.
health. Write us today for descriptive
circular and full particulars. Blectrolife
Mfg. Co., Arctic Bldg, Seattle.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18
HELP WANTED

LEARN the Barber Trade. BARRIERS are
now in demand, and we can teach you
In few weeks and pay you small amount
while learning. Small tuition fee. Call
or write, MOLER BARBER COLLEGES,
223 Occidental Ave, Seattle; 1913 Pacific
Ave-, Tacoma.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

WOLF, COYOTE, RAT AND NICE EX-
TERMINATOR. Edwards Formulas,
simple instructions. Sold for $50. Got
Q coyotas one night, furs brought $121.50.
three coyotes one night same place. Bird
proof Formulas, instructions and trap
ping system $3.50. Free circular George
Edwards, Livingston, Montana.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

MUIR sERY STOCK, ALL KINDS,
peac h e s, apples, pears, cherries,
prunes. grated walnuts, filberts, berries,
ETC., shrubs, etc. Order early-shortage
of nursery stock prevails-quality at
right prices. Send for price list, 35 years
In business. Carlton Nursery Co., Carl
ton, Oregon.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18
MISCELLAN EOUS

Buy ECONOMY EYE SAVING XMAS
presents. IL years olds turn night into
day In 80 seconds with Diamond quality
wonder lamps and lanterns. Costs less
than So Cheapest, safest, simplest.
most powerful illuminating lamp in the
world. SO with order. balance c. o. D.
from factory. Fully guaranteed. Jay w.
Kingery Mt. Carroll Illinois.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

CASH for dental gold, platinum, silver,
diamonds, magnetic points, false teeth,
jewelry or any valuables. Mail today.
Cash by return mail. Hoke Smelling and
Refining Co., Ostego, Mich.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

A liberal application of manure will
insure better flowers next year.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1925-12-18

Keep your dollars home where you
can watch them.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
new TELEPHONE
DIRECTORY READY
Deliveries TO Residences
VIII Start Friday.

Delivery of new January telephone
directories will begin Friday through
the residential section, according to
Paul p. Baker, directory supervisor
of the Indiana Bell Telephone Com
pany. Nearly $4,000 books will be
delivered to stores, offices, factories
and homes by a crew Of 200 men and
"a fleet OF large trucks.
Thousands of new telephone num-
bers, especially on the north side,
are listed due to change in telephone
equipment, many manual telephones
having been replaced by automatic
Instruments
Subscribers are requested to have
the old books ready when the new
books are delivered All old tel
ephone lists prepared by business
men and housewives should be care
fully checked with the new book in
order to avoid delay in making calls.
Approximately forty tons of paper
were used In the issue and the work
Of preparing the directory required
about five months. Baker hopes to
complete delivery of the directory in
a week.
AS usual the Smiths are stronger
numerically than any other name in
the directory. More than 600
Smiths and large assortment Of
similar names, such as Smitha,
Smithey, Sinithson, Smyth, Smythe,
Schmidt. Schnid SchYnitt and
Schmitz, are included.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
BUDGET BOARD
TO WELD KNIFE
Expected to Cut Requests
for State Funds.

With most of the requests OF State
departments and institutions for APP
preparations to cover the next two
received, the budget. committee IS
faced with the problem OF prepaae
ing its recommendation for the APP
preparation bills to be presented to
the Legislature late this month.
1t is expected that the committee
will cut considerably the requests
which call for an increase OF APP
proximately $6,OO0.000
Among the economy proposals is
the combining OF the State School
for Feeble Minded Youth at Fit.
Wayne and the farm colony for fee
ble-minded at ButlerviIle. Butler
vile is a comparatively new instltu-
ton. The site and character of the
institution have met with opposition
from the start. Both institutions are
asking for large amounts for new
buildings.
The State Normal School has add
ed its requests to those OF other
institutions. 1t is asking an increase
of 100000 annually in its appropri-
alton.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01

except machinery and vehicles. TO
tailed $1,034,255.
First ten States included In the
tabulation, and the amounts of their
foreign shipments, are: New York,
$175, 909,180 Texas, $163,205, 839;
Pennsylvania, $71,834,632; Illinois,
$70,755.61S; California, s54,274,555,
New Jersey, $49,S52,174; Louisiana,
SAG, 470,829; Michigan, $39, IT'S, TIA:
Ohio, $31, OH, 1884, and Massachusetts,
with $27,702, 446. Oregon, just ahead
of Indiana. acquired trade figures
of $13,186,084, while Missouri, run
ner-up, was about $S,OOO.O0O shy OF
Indiana's figures.
Grand totals for the, first nine
months of the year give Indiana ex.
ports of 41,S59.51O, and nineteenth
place in the entire list Of States. AL.
though Indiana Jagged behind North
Carolina to the amount of approx
mately $1.5GO,OO0, it clearly topped
Missouri, its nearest competitor, by
well over $S.OO0.OO0.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
VETS GET DATES MIXED
Time for Filing Disability and Bo-
nus Claims Confused.

Midnight Wednesday was last date
on which World War veterans could
show disability existed, according to
j. H. Ale. sub-district manager of
the Veterans Bureau, 900 Meridian
Life Bldg.
Advance announcement Of this led
many men to believe that this date
was the deadline on the bonus and
compensation, but such is not the
case, said NJ d. Cummings, chief of
cooperation section.
There has been a last-minute rush
to file claims and more work has
been done in the last week than
in the previous month. Greatest
number of cases has besn tubercu-
losis and nervous diseases. More
than 1S.40e cases have been handled
through this Office since it was
opened.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
Sl28z5,619 TOTAL
IN STATE EXPORTS
Three-Month Figures Of Department Of Commerce Places
Indiana Eighteenth,

Indiana maintained its eighteenth
place in the relative standing among
the different States in merchandise
exports when it attained figures of
s12,S75, 61s for the quarter ended
Sept. 80. 1924. according to statis-
tics of the Department of Commerce.
1t superseded North Carolina, which
dropped several places. and gave
way in turn to Minnesota, whose
export trade for the three months
took an amazing jump.
Automobiles, lard, hams and
shoulders and bacon continued to
be the principal export commodities
for the quarter under review, Auto
mobiles and parts were shipped to
the extent of $2,S10,327; lard fol-
lowed with $1.772,S6S and then came
hams and shoulders with valuations
of $1,660,S13. Bacon was exported
to the amount Of s1.0S6.179. and
ores, metals and manufactures of,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
ONE KILLED. THO
|. MORE NAY DIE IN
|. WELCOME FOR ~
Girl Thrown on Red Hot
Stove N Burning Home,
Police Told.

New Years eve and morning
brought with 1t wave OF crime
in the colored belt today, resulting
in one killing and two brutal At
tacks that may result IN deaths.
Police say when they arrived a.
1888 NH St early today thsy found
Miss Fredocia B'uQua- a. coiorec,
lying side Of the red-hot stove on
which she was said to have bean
thrown by Mack Price, 81. colcred.
with whom she had been living. The
house was on fire and police called
the fire department TO extlnguish
the blaze. Price Is also charged
with cutting the girl She was SAINT
to the city hospital, where har con-
dition was said to be critical. Price
escaped.
Police say they do not believe the
story told them by George Rodgerss
%, colored, 1901 Martindale Ave.
that he was playing In fun
with Boyden whites 81 coIored,
Thirteenth and Lewis SITS. Rodgers
died at the city hospital after being
shot, It Is said. by White. Sergeant
sheehszl, who investigated. believes
the men argued over g craps ganas.
White escaped.
william Frye. "a. colnred. sS1 W.
Michigan ST., was sent to the city
hospital with q fractured skull
Police are searching for . man who
Is alleged to have struck Frye with
an auto crank while they argued Ia
front of the Keystone Club. 1854 In
diaan Ave. Two women and q man
who were In the auto owned BY the
assailant when police arrived. gave
little information. The police seized
the auto deserted by the man, but
had difficulty In checking the own
ership.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
BUSINESS HEADS
IN CHICAGO SAY
1928 PROMISING
Leaders Believe Coming
Year Will Be Era of
Prosperity.
Bn United Press

Bg United Press
CHICAGO, Jan. Business lead
ers OF Chicago believe 1926 viii
show marked progress over 1924.
They forecast year of unusual pros
perity. many of thbm declaring,
however. that new energy and
sound business principles must be
applied to bring the prospects to
fruition.
W. r. Dawes. president of the
Chicago Association Of Commerce:
After a year Of excellent
progress the row year promises to
be much brighter
James Simpson. president Of
Marshall Field & Company:
THE United States is entering
upon a new era Of industrial ex-
pansion that promises prosperity
for many years to come. We
may expect this expansion to be
healthy and stable and to be com
parable in it's results to the pc
Rod Of prosperity which followed
the election Of President McKin-
ley in 1896"
o. q. Bradfute, president Ameri-
can Farm Bureau Federation:
Farmers feel that things are
getting better. They are improv-
ing the quality of their products
and sending them to the markets
In more saleable condition. There
Is real improvement In the eco
nonic condition of agriculture.
which promises great things for
the future. -
Leeds Mitchell, president OF the
Chicago Stock Exchange:
II see nothing to stop the new
year from being one Of excellent
prosperity"
Samuel M. Hastings, president of
the Illinois Manufacturers Mutual
Casualty Association:
Nineteen twenty-five viii be a
year OF recovery and prosperity"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
]. c. M'CLOSKEY
ELECTED HEAD OF
COUNTY Fathers
Commissioners Follow Usual
Custom New Officials
J on Job.
The apples were on incoming coun,

The apples were on incoming coun
ty officials at courthouse today.
A barrel Of apples was "on tap" il
the county commissioner office
They were sent by c. o. Sutton Of
Perry Township, Republican, com
missioner, who succeeded Albert Hoff
man of Bridgeport.
why, remember the time wher
we not only passed out apples, but
cider, too.'' said John Kitley, retir
ing president of the commissioners
But we had to cut the cider out, >
he sighed.
Following reception to friends
short business session was held.
John G. McCloskey, 7S1 e. Nc.
Carly St., was elected president, fol.
lowing the commissioners custom of
giving the Office to members on the
board longest. Appointments were
then read.
George G. Schmidt, who succeeded
John J. Griffith as county surveyor.
was the first to receive a gift. 1t
was box of flowers. His Office was
filed with friends.
James Wilson, Thomas Mathews,
Alfred Ferguson, and Robert F..
Wands, were announced as rodmen
by Schmidt. Miss Violet Tax viii be
his stenographer.
Sheriff Omer Hawkins, who sue
ceeded George Snider, said ne was
going to keep up the good work that
Snider did as sheriff.
I'm for law enforcement and in
tend 10 carry it out to the limit, :"
said Hawkins. Cigars and apples
were passed out by Hawkins to all
visitors.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
POULTRY EDIcT ISSUED
Effort Made to Stop Shipment Of
Diseased Fowls.

The State livestock sanitary board
has issued an edict against sale Of
any poultry known to have been ex-
posed to or having contracted any
disease, and requiring shipment. Of
healthy fowls in thoroughly dis
infected cars.
DIR. r. G. Julien, State Veteri-
marian, left for Washington. D. G..
today to confer with Federal officials
on the poultry disease situation,
which has resulted in a strict em-
barge against affected poultry on
the Atlantic seaboard. DIR. Julien
said the disease has not been re-
ported in Indiana.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
UNION TRACTION
IN RECE|VERSH|P
Anderson Court Appoints
Company President.
BIZ Times Special

By Times Special
ANDERSON, Ind, Jan. 1.-The
kJnion Traction Company today was
perating under the direction of the
ireuit Court here. as the result of
being declared in receovershir late
Wednesday by Judge w. A. Kittin-
ger on the petition Of the Westing-
house Electric and Manufacturing
Company.
Judge Kittinger named Arthur w.
Brady, president Of the company, as
receiver.
The estinghouse company in
their complaint alleged that the trac-
ton company owed them s74,192 and
Mas otherwise heavily indebted and
in imminent danger of insolvency.
The traction company filed a gen.
eral deEial
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
CHURCH WILL SEEK AID
Help to Be Asked to Rebuild Struc-
ture Destroyed by Fire.

Local Protestant churches will be
asked to contribute funds to help re-
build the Moravian Church, 2502
College Ave-, destroyed by fire Sun
day, the Rev. Christian o. Weber,
pastor, announced today. Only a
small amount Of insurance was car
ried on the church, the pastor said.
The Zion Evangelical Church,
North and New Jersey sts., raised
$3.50 for the church. Residents in
the community have pledged approx.
inately $1,000.
The congregation has rented a
house at 658 E. Twenty Fifth St..
where Sunday school services will
be held each Sunday at 9:45 a. m.
Holy communion, followed by re-
ception, will be held at II a. m. Sum
day. At night the Christmas cantata
will be rendered by the choir. The
fire prevented its presentation.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
HONOR AS FIRST
SPEEDER IS CLOSE
Police Say Distinction Goes
With Arrest at 1890 A. M.

C. w. Collins, "a. of 1341 N. I'LL
nois St. has the distinction of be-
ing the first citizen to be arrested
In 1926 on charge OF speeding.
He was slated at 1890 a, m. and was
closely contested for. the honor by
Russell Meyers, 81. of SIC N. Gar
field Ave.
Motorcycle officers Tremp ard
Bushong made a thrilling chase to
capture Walter Ryeman, II, of 1914
n. Talbot Ave-, who is charged with
speeding, vagrancy. resisting arrest
and vehicle taking. Tremp said
they followed him for a mile on w.
Washington st. at forty miles an
hour, and he finally swerved around
corner, down a terrace and struck
q light pole. wrecking the car owned
by Ernest Knefer. 1914 N. Talbot
Ave. Ryeman ran and Tremp latei.
found him crouched on a front porch
and arrested him. Others held OIL
speed charges:
Sam Workman, 4e. of 1902 e.
Twenty-First ST.; Sam Graves, %,
of 1853 Station St.; Herbert Mayer,
% of 248 w. Morris St.; Mark Had
ley, IS, Of Hadley. Ind; Byron
Francis, %, OF 904 Union ST.; G. L.
Gates, 80, of 437 Temple Ave; Harry
Patterson. 81, of 21O9 Ringgold ST.;
Alvin R. Williams. 81, of Browns
burg. Ind.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
IDENTITY is UNKNOWN
Woman who Falls Unconscious
Taken to City Hospital.

The identity Of a woman who fell
unconscious on the sidewalk near
ia N. Oriental st. Wednesday aft,
ernoon had not been learned today
She was reported in serious con.
dition with heart disease at city hos.
pital.
The woman is about so years old
lis s feet inches tall, rather stout
fair with blue eyes and light bobbed
hair. She wore blue dotted dress
ami light cape Mrs. Agnes Dona.
hue, J124 Deloss ST., and Mrs. 10.
seph Flowers. 144 N. Arsenal Ave-,
saw her fall.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
KIWANIANS HEAR HAYNES
Inventor Urges Broadening of Col
lege CurricuIa.

Broadening of college curricula
was advocated by Elwood Haynes,
inventor of one Of the first automo-
biles, Of Kokomo, Ind, in an adj
dress before the Kiwanis Club
Wednesday. Haynes was intro
duced by DR.. William Lowe Bryan,
president of Indiana University.
Bryan spoke briefly on the value Of
training in meeting life's problems
"Some students have great organ
izing ability. great stamina and
powerful executive qualities" said
Haynes. 'They should not be re-
stricted in their progress in college
because they have no taste for law,
language or the classics. The cur
riculum should be arranged to meet
their needs"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
DEPUTY SHER|FFS
LEAD IN SEEING
new YEAR BOOZE
Total Liquor Confiscations
In City Less Than Three
Quarts.

Deputy sheriffs led all other raid
ing officers in Indianapolis New
Years Eve in the amount of liquor
seized. At that, they obtained only
two and a half quarts, according to
Sheriff Omer Hawkins. Police and
Federal officers seized less than a
half pint.
A man who gave his name as
Harry Watson, 35,, of 1921 N. Del
aware St., but who the sheriff said
was Vern Hutto, 80. of 2154 N.
Pennsylvania St., was arrested at
Liberty Beach and charged with
operating blind tiger. The sheriff
said he had two quarts Of Canadian
Club and a half pint Of white mule.
Franklin c. Burton, 20, of S02 N.
Sherman Dr., also was charged with
operating a blind tiger, at the same
place. Deputy Sheriffs Clausen and
Petty said he had a half pint of
white mule.
At the SEVERN. Federal officers
Holman and J. C. Thompson and
Policemen Kegris and Fleming ar
rested Guy Courin, "a, of 1924 Ken
wood Ave. They said he had very
small amount of liquor ''Ducky''
Holmes. 40, of 80. E. Vermont St.,
was charged with having a third of
a pint Of liquor at The JACKIE
Lantern Cafe, 416 N. Illinois St.. by
Harm Fischer, special officer.
Police charged Fred Rouse, 81, of
2726 N. Meridian ST., with vagrancy,
intoxication and disorderly conduct.
Miss Billie Blackstone, 81, colored.
was charged with assault and bat
terry, resisting an officer and intoxi-
cation.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
URGE PSYCHIATRIc WARD
State Board Of Charities Gives Out
Legislative Program.

Progress in clinics for diagnosis
and study Of mental and nervous
diseases long sponsored by the State
Board of Charities, is again urged in
its legislative program published to-
day. 1t urges establishment Of a
psychiatric ward at the Robert Long
hospital. Continuation Of the com
mittee on mental detectives is urged
with sufficient appropriation to allow
progress in the study of problems Of
insanity, feeble-rnindedness >and cpl
lepsy.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
SHANK DEFENDS PLAN
Mayor Says Pay Boost Would MOI
Affect Taxes Until 1926.

Increasing pay Of polica and fire.
man SIS a month viii not mean any
boost In the city tax rate before
1926, Mayor Shank pointed out to-
day in answering some criticism Of
the proposed increase
At the same time. Shank showed
city taxes for 1926 had dropped from
$1.0s75 to sI.055 on each 500 Of
taxable property. "A surplus of $685.
600 in the general fund this year is
due to rigid economy in which the
city government operated below es-
Inmates, Joseph I. Hogue, city con
troIler said.
Board Of safety members have the
pay increase under consideration.
General approval has been voiced by
leading business men,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
DEL POPULAR
Heavy Traffic Over Newly Dedicasea
City-County Bridge.

Heavy traffic streamed over the
new Delaware St. bridge spanning
Fail Creek today Baby DEL as
the bridge was christened by Mayer
Shank, greatly relieved congested
traffic on Meridian st. ana other
north side thoroughfares.
A bottle of grape pop served the
purpose of wine for Mrs. Shank az
she formally christened the bridge
by crashing the bottle against the
bridge rail.
County and city officials Joined in
forming parade across the struc-
ture after the dedication ceremonies,
in which the police and firemen's
band led the way.
Although the bridge proper is COM
pleted, approaches to be put in by
the city viii not be paved until
spring.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
JOKE ON HoLD-uP MEN
Two Bandits Escape with BOX Of
Shotgun Shells.

Charles Brock, 1901 w. Tenth st..
hopes the two bandits who fehed
him with blow on the heal nsaa
his home Wednesday night, thoaShf'
the box they grabbed contained
money. 1t didn't. 1t contained shot
gun shells.
Mrs. Max Geller. 545 Indiana Ave.
operator Of a poultry store, told
police a man came in and said 4
chicken ne had purchased was too
small. AS he left. supposedly % get
the fowl for exchange. he grabbed a
goose. and escaped ii waiting
automobile. The goose was valued
az S2.a
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
LEON TROTSKY IS
REPORTED KILLED
Conflicting Rumors of Death
and Vacation Unconfirmed,

BIZ United Press
LONDON, Jan. 1. - An uncon-
firmed report is in circulation in
Bucharest, based on adyices from
Bessarabia, that Leon Trotsky, Rus
sian minister of war, has been as
sassinated. according to press dis
patches here.
The Daily Telegraph's Berlin cor
respondent says it is insistently re-
ported there that Trotsky has been
completely crushed and is interned
in a Moscow Iaslace."
Direct Nc loaw dispatches to the
United Press yesterday said Trotsky
is on vacation in the Crimea, partly
shorn Of his power because of his
differences with the Central execu-
tive committee Of the soviets.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-01-01
NEWSPAPERS VALUABLE
Union Opposes Increase in Second
Glass Mail Rates.

Opposition of the international
Typographical Union to the pro-
posed increase in postal rates on
second-cla mail to meet proposed
increase in wages of postal workers,
is based on the conviction that
newspapers and magazines are in
valuable as an educational agency,
according to James M. Lynch, presi-
dent.
To curtail their circulation. by
adding to their cost, would hamper
education seriously, Lynch said. He
added that the union favors higher
pay for postal employees, and that
postal service was not meant to be
self-sustaining.