Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17

Continued from First Page)
This program and the successive
stages to be followed in its execution
formed che life dream and the life
work of Nikolai Lenin. For this
transformation he planned and wrote
and prepared. Controlled, obsessed by
this single idea, he drove straight for
his goal with uishakable pertinacity
1t was the cloud by day and the pill
lar of fire by night that led him
through the darkness and drab mo-
notony of prison days in that house
of the dead-Siberia. 1t sustained him
during his exile in Switzerland, where
he ate with it, slept with it, walked
with it and talked with it, until like
the magnetic North, it drew him back
TO Petrograd at precisely the oppor-
tune moment. No Roman conqueror
leading captives at his chariot wheels
ever made more triumphant entry
than did this third Nicholas into the
demoralized Muscovite capital in
April, 1917. He was the Russian
Marius, and the whole world should
be his Jugurtha,
On the fall of the short-lived and
inefficient provisional government of
Alexander kerenSky, militant Com
munism became the order of the day,
both as an internal and an external
policy. Through a graded system of
committees, chosen by occupation, not
by districts, an allRuSSian Congress
IS assured, which maintains the pre-
ponderance of the urban proletariat
over the peasants of the districts.
The constitution provides one repre-
sentative to the Soviet Congress for
every $4,000 inhabitants of the prov
inceS, but one for every $4,000 voters
among the city workers. The ratio is,
therefore. about five to one, justified
by the Communist because the fac
tory worker is centuries ahead of the
peasants in civic consciousness and
political ripeness." Hence, industrial
workers are the privileged class in
whose interests the state is to be ad-
administered The peasants are sec
Ond in Importance, while the bour-
geoisie is to be exterminated
Dictatorship by Minority.
Theoretically, therefore, the Soviet
ideal is expressed in the slogan-'The
Dictatorship of the Proletariatr'
Actually, however, this dictatorship
is exercised by the conscious minor.
ity" of the workers-that is, by the
500 900 members of the Communist
party, which is the only legal party
in Russia. Through its political bu.
reau," composed Of seven tried Com.
munists, the party rules the Soviet
government.
To retain this dictatorship of the
conscious minority" a constitution
has been written, detailed codes have
been edited and legislation enacted
There is a civil code, a criminal code
and labor code, with a wilderness OF
DEGREES, regulations and penalties
But as guarantees Of justice and lib
art he nf ift ID
STA are scrapped by one or two simple
para graphs in the constitution of the
Soviet union-that is. in the funda
mental law of the Communist state
Thus, the dictatorship of the central
executive committee-the small group
which rules Russia between the meet
ings of the all-Russian Congress-
safeguarded by section 20, article 4. OF
the constitution, which says: 1.-The
central executive committee of the
union of Soviet Socialist republics
shall have the right to veto or sus
pend all DEGREES, regulations and ordi
nances of the presidium of the centra
executive committee of the union OF
Socialist Soviet republics, of the Soviet
Congresses and of the central execu
tive committee of all the constituent
republics, and Of all other government
organs within the territory of the
union"
Control Is Concentrated.
In other words. absolute and com
plete control of the destinies of Rus
STA is here concentrated in a group Of
approximately 80 men, tried and true
members of the Communist party. II
order that no doubt might exist as tC
the all-embracing jurisdiction of the
central executive committee, the fran
ers of the constitution carefully added
all other government organs Their
was to be no escape, even for the jul
dietary.
Alexander Hamilton in No. AZ of TIT
F'ederalist reminds us that the accu
rnlIla tinn of legislative. executive ant