davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
CAT LIE QUOTATIONS.

LOS ANGELES, April 3.-S,laugh-
ter cattle and calves: Stecrs ,ll00
pounds DOWN, good, 5000 9.S5; me,
Gium, ~ a 8,G5; common, $500 10
He.fers (s50 pounds up), good G.75-
@Gj0; (all we;ghts) common and
medium, l.25@ 60. Cows, good. go
WG2J; common and medium, 100
"a $50; Gamer and cutters, 2.O0@
400. Bulls, good (bccf ytarlings
cXcludeO, 5,00G so; (cmmer- 10
logna) canner to medium, 3.OO,a 800.
Calves GOO pounds DOWN, medium
TO choice, 9.00Ml3.0G; U9O pounds
DOWN Gull and common $500 900
{190 to 260 poundS) medium to
choice, S,25M12.00; (260 pounds up
medium to choice n00M 1880; I3u
pounds up cull and common, 300
WS.50.
Hogs: Medium weight 200 to
250 pounds, medium to eho.cN,
l3.2J@ l4,l5; light weight (lG0 10
200 pounds) common to choiGg,
1900 l4.20 light lights (130 to 100
pounds, common to choice, 1900
Wl4.l0; packing hogs, smooth.
l2,0O@l2.5o; packing hogs, rough,
l1.5O@ 1900; slaughter pigs ll$0
pounds DOWN, medium, good and
choice, ll.50@l3.25, (Soft or oily
hogs and roasting Pigs excluded in
above quotutions).
Slaughter sheep and lambs:
Lambs (S5 pounds DOWN. medium
TO choice, l3.000lJ.00; Gall weightsl
cull and common, l1.00m 1900;
spring lambs, medium to choice,
l3.00W 1873; ewes, common to
choice, 7.cdGS,5o; canner and Gull,
l,00@ 100.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
Legal advertisement
NOTICE TO CREDITORS


Estate of James L. Oldham. Deeeas.
ed.
Notice is hereby given by the tn
dersigncd, Kate 4. Oldham. Admin
istratriX Of rne estate Of James II.
Oldham, deceased, TO the creditors
of, and ul persons having claims
against the said deceased TO exhib-
it them with the necessary voueh
crs within ten months after Tho
first publication of this notice, stO
said administrative, al her office 40
No. $40 Main Street, in the City 81
FL GeuHo, County Of Imperial,
state Of California, which said o.
flee the Undersigned selects M tlie
place of III mess in all matters cor
Iccted with sail estate, or 10 fale
them with the necessary vouchers
within ten months after the first
publication Of this notice IN the of
flee of the Clerk of the Superior
Court Of the State Of California, 80
and for Tie County Of Imperial,
Dated March 27 1925,
KITE n OLDHAM
Administrators of tho Estatetos
james i. Oldham, deceased.
Date OF fiIst publication March
q, 1929 "a ~ Il "a
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
FOURTH ROUND OF (;
BASKETBALL ON
uy United Press Leased Wire

CHICAGO, April 3.--Thc fourNl
round of the national high school
basketball tournament staged by the
University of Chicago got under
way today with eight survivors,
fighting for the national title.
Wichita, Kansas, is strongly fav-
ored to win the meet, following its
easy victory yesterday over \ mk-
ton, S. D., runner-up for the title
last year.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
FIGHTS, FIGHTERS
AND THE RESULTS


Bcaton-The johnny Nilsou=Daye
shade miIdlcwoight hort TO u ten
round decision, scheduled for to
might, Las hecn ia'efin'' " post
porcd because of TIE illness Of
shade.
Bayoane,. N. Mike Balicrino,
uc# junior lightweight ohampisn
was given n rou,iug reception when
le returned from Philadelphia,
where he took the title from Kid
Sullivan.
Women are nice people But they
sometimes rcfasc to agree with you
in MI the things about which you
arc mistaken
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03

All marry for better or worse and
raise cain if they get the worst Of
' - $3.50 -' as.- $500.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
.TODAY'S WANT ADS.

RA1'ES:-Thc rate for i-aerting
Prepaid Classified or Liner Adver-
tisements in the Imperial Valley
Press is l cent per wcrd each inser-
tioa, Minimum charge 25 cents.
BETTER HATCHED CHICKS
Certified S, c. White Leghorns,
pa Grade from Farm Bureau Ac-
credited flocks. We ship on Mon
day and Thursday OF each week.
Price for April delivery $3.50 per
thousand. Less than 500 one cent
more per chick. This includes
parcel post charge. A satisfied
customer is our aim. San Diego
County Hatchery, Rte. l, San Di-
ego, Calf. Fri NJ l
ROOM FOR RENT in modern
home, meals if desired. III Or
ange. #., =,5. 3tf
FOR LEAsE-To responsible, par
". A real home. Hardwood
floors, hot water heater. Nice
yard. Call at III Orange. 3tf
ROOM FOR RENT-Private en-
trance. 500 hamilton Ave. Call
99J. 3t3
HAVE. GOOD business lots in
northern Calf, viii trade for
home in .EI Centro with balance
cash. Press Box 366. - ( 3t3
WANTED-Good furnished home,
large grotnds. Cash basis. What
have You. Press Box 742 3t3
MULES for rent. u mile south of
Eucalyptus school. Richter. 3t1O
WANTED-Young man of good
standing to learn milk route or
do general work about dairy
Quality Dairy. Phone. 1911. 3t3
FOR RENT-To responsible white
man, 100 acres, to be plowed soon
and planted to alfalfa in the fall.
Good land, all 1eveled, mostly
fenced. House. On main canal. 10
miles south west El Centre in No.
6. L. T. Pitt, 1919 Commercial
st. STA
WANTED-Ranch help. Man and
wife. Wife to board few men. IN
quire at first ranch south of FL
Centre ON Date. Evenings phone
231W. Ross. 3tf
FOR SALE F-Guernsey aml Hol-
stein bull. Jack ,Houser, Box Is.
FL Centre, l mile cast3 of Main
st. 3t6
'0UND-Fountain pen on west
Main St. Owner may have by call
ing Bobby Maack, Gill. 3t2
'UENIsHED rooms. 753 State
st, 3t5
4OST-In FL Centre, Wednesday
night, leather coat and man S
gold watch, No. 20041439. Finder
please return to 1873 Park Ave.
3t2
TIE PAMELLO MILLS of Potts
willie, Pa, want local representa-
tives in FL Centre and surround
ing towns. Address G. s. Nelson,
district manager, CaleXico, Calf,
general delivery. 3t2
-
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
THE PRESS CL. .ASSlFIED SECTION
Wontea-MISceiLGHe0us


WANTED-Laundry to do. Call at
$50 Commercial. 2t14
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
Help Wanted

NANTED-ENperienced white girl
for general house work. Apply
434 He'll Ave. Phone 7SG. lt3
WATER--Wantcd n distributor for
+ "Magnolia" drinking water in
Fl Centre and vicinity. This wa
ter is naturally pure and magni-
fiecntly healthy. Bottled in GA.
bottles, or shipped in by tank car
from the hills Of Riverside. Re
quirements aro a truck and $500
. of distributing equipment. Exclu
sive territory given distributor.
Address Magnolia Water Bottliug
Works, Riverside, Cal, for ap"
poiatu,eut IL Il Centre. alto
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
For Sais--TseaE Estuta
~~---~---
LETTUCE LANDS
FOR RENT
Tracts 40 to 4S0
Acres
w. E. HANCOCK
RealtOr
Fhone 437 54G Main ST

FOR SALE-At Bargain. 80 acres
well improved, fully equipped,
centrally located in Imperial Val
ley, fine soft soil, water system,
piped drainage, exceptional water
delivery, "a acres VT. old Gordon
trained grapes, good condition.
212 acres / yr, cid asparagus. 212
acres peas. Address owner. Press
Box 303. 2t3
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
Special Notice

GOLDEN WEST-Roomiug house,
Il 232 No. 4th, under new manage
. ment. SWagawa Rooming House.
3lt6
DRESSMAiLNG done reasonable,
S5S Commercial, Ito
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03

w H.N Ll1-LduHdTy 10 90. tdll III
$50 Commercial. 2t14
WANTED-4O head first class
dairy cows. fresh with End or 3rd
calf, for shipment to Los Ange-
les county, about May 1st. L. B.
Elliot, Apt. G615, st. Francis
Court, Hollywood. 1t3
WANTED WORK as watchman or
caretaker. Good references.
Phone 46, or see Mr.. Shea, 481
Main st. 1t4
WANTED-IU nurse confinement
= cases in private homes, Phone
507R. 2lt13
WANTED-Contracts for field and
orchard plowing and discing. New
outfit. Address 4S1 Holt ST., Ell
Centro. Telephone 169W. 1850
WANTEN-To buy feeder hogs
Jack Houser, l mile cast OF Main
St. Z. 0. Box 10. i1t26
For Saie-N isceiLGne0us
------,~. - -----~--------- :
PIANO for sale or rent 515 Broad
way, or phone 2lS. stiff
FOR SALE-Large green feed cut
ter, almosv ncw. Drinking foun-
tains and 8 gal. crooks. j. c.
Armstrong, 4 miles west, II south
of Seeley. soft
FOR SALE-Henderson motorcycle,
1928, good shape, $50. Wilson
Machine Shop. 25tf
FOR SALE-1 ton pure Mebane
cotton seed, 3 cents per lb. g. G.
Hussey. 25t12
FOR SALE--3 char barber shop.
Dong fine business, good loca
ton and lease. Price $3.50. Ad
dress Box 304. Somerton, Arizona,
Phone 40. 28tf
CALIFORNIA Auto Mreckiug Co,
Valley agents fUr american gears
and Wilksnn axles. Largest
stock in valley. 43s Main s..
Phone $50 iotf
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03

WORK as watchman or
caretaker. Good references.
Phone 46, or see Mr.. Shea, 481
Main St. 1t4
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03
For Saie-N isceiLQne0us

PIANO for sale or rent. 515 Broad
way, or phone 21S. stiff
Imperial Valley press., 1925-04-03

WANTEN-To buy feeder hogs
Jack Houser, l mile cast OF Main
St. Z. 0. Box 10. i1t26
Evening star., 1925-11-02

tional Cash Register Co. Dayton,
Ohio, also is on the list. and the de
fense asked that he produce certified
copies of all correspondence exchanged
between himself and the President
of the United States relative to Sc
curing the President, or a representa-
tive Of the President. TO appear before
the annual meeting OF the Nationa
Aeronautical Association, which was
held in Dayton, Ohio. in connection
with the air races in the Fall of 1924.
and also certified copy Of written
statesment Of Col. Mitchell, Air Sery-
ice, u. :. A, speaking as the repre-
sentative of the President, which was
broadcast through the National Aero
nautical Association from Dayton,
Ohio, in connection with the air races
in the Fall of 1924
Everett Sanders, secretary to Pres
ident Coolidge. is expected to bring
copies of all correspondence exChang-
ed between the President and all per
sons relative to the necessity and
reasons for the formation of the Pres
ident'S Aircraft Board. headed by
Dwight Morrow. as contained in the
files of the White House executive Of
fees.
Evening star., 1925-11-02
NEGRO is INDICTED
FOR MANSLAUGHTER
Alleged to Have Caused Death of
W. F. Carter With Knife
in Fight.

Shavus Brown, a blind coloTed man,
80 years old, was indicted today by
the grand jury on a charge of man
slaughter He was in a fight Sep
tember 26 last at the home of Walter
F. Carter, colored, 1880 Ward court,
when it is said Carter struck him
over the head and Brown used a
knife inf1icting an injury resulting in
the death Of Carter. Brown fled to
his home where he was arrested.
EmbeZzlement of postal funds to-
falling $1,165.07 is charged in an in
dictment against Harry w. Ransdall,
for eight years superintendent of the
West End station of the local post
office and an employe Of the Post Of
flee Department 26 years. Ransdell
attempted to cover up the shortage
by making two bundles of stamps out
Of a single bundle and thus appearing
to have twice the amount of stamps
on hand. He disappeared from the
station and sent a letter to his wife
saying he was going to commit sui
eide. The shortage has been made
good. it is reported.
Five indictments alleging violation
of the national prohibition law were
among % returned by the grand jury
today.
Those charged with violation of the
liquor law include Jerome Peters,
Minnie Boykin, Benjamin Nelson,
Iver Hawkins and William NJ. and
Mary Bielfield.
Grand larceny is alleged against
George King, John Young, Thomas
c. Morely, Marie Rainsville, Gladys
Dixon, alias Gladys Green; John
Henry Deal, Rachael Mcneil and
Louise Howard, alais Louise Bradley.
Housebreaking and larceny is the
crime charged against John Charles
Perry, Richard Perry, James r. Will
liams and Fleming j. Bell.
Other indictments and charges al
legged include: Isadore Zeldin, carnal
knowledge; James Allen, attempted
carnal knowledge; Harold T. Lewis,
forgery and uttering; Thomas H.
Bradley, receiving stolen property;
Frank Forbes, assault with a danger
Gus weapon; Benjamin Brooks,
Thomas Johnson, Ellis Vernon Lynch
and John William Stevens, non-sup-
port.
The grand jury ignored the charge
Of alleged grand larceny against VII.
liam Norman. - =
Evening star., 1925-11-02
ROSS INQUEST HELD.

James w. Ross, 10, of Belleview.
D. c., near Blue Plains, came to his
death Saturday night when his auto
mobile smashed into a gate post az st.
Elizabeth's Hospital as the result of
lack of due care on his own part. This
was the finding of a coroners jury at
an inquest into his death today.
Testimony showed that Ross was at
tempting to avoid a collision with a
street car while attempting to pass
another automobile on the road when
he swerved out and crashed into the
gate post. He died in a private auto
mobile en- route to Casualty Hospital.
Evening star., 1925-11-02

made by the general staff to effect
further economies in the Army by
means of reducing or eliminating
flying.
Copy of Shanks board report.
statement from the official records
OF the War Department showing the
number of fatalities and casualties in
Army aviation in the United States
since the armistice
Statement showing number of ia
talities and casualties in all military
aviation In 1925.
Of1cial copy of the chart showing
percentage of Air Service officers kill
ed In recent years, which vas attach
ed TO the annual report of the chief of
the Air Service submitted about Sep
tember 80, 1926.
Statement showing number of air
craft or each type on hand in the
Army Air Service on September 3,
1870; this statement to show number
Of de Haviland planes that have not
| been rebuilt.
Copies of all correspondence rela-
tive to the formation of the board
known as "the Morrow Board"
Oficial copies Of the proceedings and
recommendations of the Crowell
Board.
Copies of all reports made since
september D, 1925, by the command
ing general or the commanding officer
or a member Of his command of each
ana every corps area or district in the
United States and foreign possessions,
| territories or countries, showing the
state of good order and military dis
cipline in his command
Jardine TO Give Data.
The Secretary of Agriculture ex-
pected to produce copies of weather
reports showing weather conditions
and forecasts for country between
Washington, d. G., and Dayton, Ohio,
on September - and 10. 1925
Dwight Morrow, chairman of the
! Presidents Aircraft Board. is expected
to bring copy Of the letter from the
President Of the United States to the
present chairman of the President S
Aircraft Board, Dwight Morrow show
! ing the purpose for the formation of
! The board and list of names and ad-
! dresses of the members of the board.
Fred Patterson, president of the Ma
Evening star., 1925-11-02
KOLARIK INSTALLED.
Officers of Indian War Veterans
Centers of Ceremonies.

Centers of Ceremonies.
Charles Kolarik of Philadelphia
who served with the 1st Cavalry in
the Indian wars, was installed as
commander Of the Eastern division
of the National Indian War Veterans
during impressive ceremonies at Sol
diers' Home yesterday. Indian war
veterans from Virginia, Pennsylvania
and the District Of Columbia were
present.
Other officers installed were Joseph
w. Watkins, Soldiers Home, officer
of the day; Henry r. Boynton, Sol
diers' Home, division chaplain: Paul
j. Schneider, Washington, national
adjutant; William Hoffman, Phila-
delphia. division adjutant, and
Michael NJ. O'Sullivan, Hampton
Roads, Va, division vice commander.
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Produces Original.

Col. Moreland requested the wit
ness to produce the original state
ment Yeager handed to the judge
advocate thick bunch of papers
comprising typed sheets of paper on
which yellow paper had been pasted
and which was replete with penciled
notations. Representative Reid i'm
mediately objected to the admission
of such evidence. because of the in
terlineations and its "pasted-up
condition. The judge advocate adj
mitted that there were marks in
pencil on the document, and ex-
Olained that the copy had been used
by editors, printers and other news
paper employees in putting it into
shape for publication.
The witness identified most of the
marks, saying that some of the nota-
tions We're those of the managing
editor requesting the composing
room to return the copy to him after
he linotype operators had finished
with it, and explaining that other
marks and words were ''subheads'
and printers notations.
Counsel for the accused continued
admission of anything but the orig
inal statement handed to Yeager by
Col. Mitchell Col. Winship, court
law officer, then asked the judge
advocate if it would not be possible
to erase all of the penciled notations,
and inquired of Representative Reid
If he would have any objections to
the statement thus treated.
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Seeks Boards Report.

Report of Joint Army Board on the
1921 bombing tests.
Chronological record showing the
date and action taken On the Lassiter
board proceedings. which also shows
the date the chief of the Air Service
made recommendation that such
board be convened. Ut is thought
this information can be obtained from
the annual report Of the Grief of
Air Service for the fiscal year 1922
Copies of correspondence between
the Air Service and the War Depart
ment during the last year regarding
the carrying out of the provisions of
the Army appropriations act for the
fiscal year 1926 relative to the bomb
ing of surface craft by the Army Air
Service
Copy of report by Lieut.. Brerton on
the 1925 Hawaiian maneuvers.
Official report OF the umpires on the
results of the 1925 Hawaiian ma
neuverS.
Names Of Army aviators who have
requested authority to make a flight
between the Hawaiian Islands and
the United States. and reasons given
for refusing their requests as shown
by official espondenCe.
Official copies Of correspondence
between the War and Navy Depart
mentS regarding turning over Looming
amphiban airplanes t. the Navy for
their Arctic flight with the Mac
MILAN expedition.
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Hits" Definition Sought.

Copy of agreement OF what should
constitute constructive hits in the
anti-aircraft tests during the sum
mer of 1928.
Copy of the report on the expert
ment conducted at arsenal. Aberdeen.
/ Md, in 1925, showing the danger of
anti-airCraft shells TO the surrounding
country and the arsenal.
Copy of correspondence between
Capt. Hale. Army Air Service and the
! officer in charge of the anti aircraft
tests a Fort Tilden. ~ Y. relative to
changing the constructive hit area of
tow target.
Copy of McNair board proceedings
Official report of the results OF the
anti-airCratt tests at Fort Tilden, n
Y. in 1925
Official copy of the report of the re-
suit of the anti-aircraft tests of Fort
Monroe, Va. in 1925.
Official copy of the reports of the
anti-aircraft tests conducted at Camp
Dix, \. j., on July 81. 1925.
Copy of annual reports of Gen. Coe.
chief of the Coast Artillery, for the
fiscal years 1925 and 1924.
Statement of the number of modern
| bombing sets on hand with the
bombardment group on September 8,
| 1925. as shown by official records.
Official copies of all papers in the
War Department relative to study
Evening star., 1925-11-02
MOreland Opens Case.

Immediately on the convening OF
court Col. Moreland rose to present
his opening statement for the prosecu-
tion. "I want to point out to the
court" he said. "a few of the out
standing statements in the articles
which the accused is alleged to have
made as contained in the charges and
specifications as read"
The first statement taken up was
issued September ) and dealt with the
accidents to the Shenandoah and the
PN-9 No. /, which declared they were
the direct result of incompetence,
criminal negligence and almost trea-
Sonable administration of the national
defense by the War and Navy depart
ments." The statement which Col.
Moreland read from, charged that air
men were merely pawns" in the
hands of the Army and Navy and
further declared that Congress is
treated by these two departments as
an institution created for their own
benefit.
Col. Moreland picked out. extracts
here and there and the next subject
he took up concerned the PN-9 flight
which the accused had be-littled and
had declared would have meant moth:
ing even if successfully completed.
The statement attacked the Navy for
smashing Lieut.. Wades plane in the
North Atlantic"
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Strength of Forces.

Copy of Military Intelligence De
partment report giving the commits
stoned strength of the Royal Air
Force Of Great Britain on January
81, 1919.
Copy of Military Intelligence De
partment reports from Great Britain
numbered 17259, 17l1S. 5000 and
16027.
Report of the British national and
imperial defense committee, composed
of Lord Balfour. former first lord of
the admiralty. Lord Peel. and Lord
Weir. formerly air minister of Great
Britain submitted in 1928 and 1924,
entitled The Navy and the Air
Force"
Copies Of correspondence between
the War Department, or its repre-
sentatives or officers. and Col. vii.
liam Mitchell. Air Service, L. s. A,
during the time that he was testify
ing before the select committee of in
quiiy into operations of the United
States Air Service of the House OF
Representatives
Copy of chart showing the organiza-
tion Of the military intelligence G-2,
general staff. dated July II, 1922.
Copy Of press report issued by War
Department dated October 20. 1928,
headed Trial of Col. Mitchell
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Disgust Charge Read.

Another extract read by Col. More
land declared the airmen were utterly
disgusted" with the conduct of mill
Iary aviation. and that they don't
dare open their mouths for they and
their families will be booted out" into
some obscure place. The statement
also. declared the bureaucracies were
deluding the public and wasting the
lives of it's men,
The prosecution then took up the
statement of September 8, in which
Col. Mitchs1l declared, what I've said
about the national defense hurts the
bureaucrats in Washington" adding
that 'it ought to-
The next statement challenged the
War Department to take disciplinary
proceeding in which the following
words were used: IF the department
doesn't like the statement / made let
them take any disciplinary action they
see fit according to their Judgment
court-martial or no court-martlal.
Col. Mitchell had added to this that
there will be no defense on my part. y
Another extract read declared 1T
doesn't make any difference whether
I am in the Army or not. If they
Nautko throw me out they have the
Evening star., 1925-11-02

Shenandoah was subject to anti-air-
craft fire.
2. Height of the Shenandoah dur
ing each run past the guns.
3. Length of cable to tow target.
4. Actual height of tow target on
each run past the guns.
5. Greatest length Of tow target.
6. Diameter Of tow target.
z. Area of tow target.
8. Cubical dimensions of interior
volume, in cubic feet Of tow target.
9. Number of guns used in firing.
10. Location of these guns on ship.
IL. Number of rounds fred.
, IL. Number of rounds fired on each
gun past guns.
: IL. Number Of runs past guns on
which no shots were fired.
Speed Of Dirigible Sought.
IA. Information received from Shen-
andoah regarding her speed and alti-
tude at or before time Of firing.
10. Directions to Shenandoah rela-
tive to speed to be maintained.
16. Was Shenandoah to maintain as
near as possible constant speed or
was she permitted to change speed?
II. Did she actually change speed?
Is. What was velocity Of wind on
each day Of test during time firing
was taking place?
10. Does Navy Department have
bombing plane which can maintain
flight with load OF bombs at the speed
the target was towed by Shenandoah
20. How many holes were made in
the target by unexploded prOjectiles
and how many by pieces of shrapnel
or shell?
81. How many hits by projectiles
and how many by fragments were
made on the target?
%. How many land miles flown OH
flights Nos. 40, 49 and so made by the
Shenandoah in towing targets for snti-
aircraft operations?
%. What was the ground speed of
the tow target as il passed the guns?
The papers which it is desired 10
have the Secretary CT War produce
follow:
Copy of British Aerial Yearbook
and Who's Who" for 1920, on file IL
The War Department.
Evening star., 1925-11-02
Wants Copy of Order.

Copy of the order relative to the
handling of controls in aircraft by
cadets of the Naval Academy during
the training period in the Summer of
1925.
Copies of all correspondence rela tive
TO the formation of the board known
as the Morrow Board"
Statements showing the following:
/. Number of days target towed by
Evening star., 1925-11-02
DAVIS AND WILBUR HEAD 73
WITNESSES ON MITCHELL. LIST
Subpoenas Asked for Sanders and Mrs. Lansdowne,
Among Others--Calls May Be Denied
By Military Judges.

machinery to do il. In or out, our
hand is TO the plOW'