davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-05-24
BY VERNON KELLOGG.
Director National Research Council.

Despite all the sharp things that
have been said about intelligence
tests, they are winning their way.
Most psychologists and many educa-
tors recognize their fundamental
soundness and usefulness. Over 100
universities and schools are making
trance and class placement examina-
tions. Large industrial and business
concerns are using them in employing
and assigning staff members.
The tests enable predictions of
startling accuracy to be made con-
cerning the educational and voca-
tionaI possibilities of school children.
college students and adults. In one
State over 500 students. tested at en-
trance, have now been followed
through their third year at college,
and their achievements. in most cases,
come extraordinarily close to the ex-
pectations based upIn these qualify
ing psychological examinations.
As they are constantly being de-
yised with more and more ingenuity,
they are becoming constantly more
objective, comprehensive and fair.
They are steadily winning supporters.
They are here To stay.
The recognition of positive differ
ences in degrees of intelligence and
special intellectual aptitudes among
individuals and the amazing magni-
tude and fiyitv of these individual diff
ferences which have been revealed by
mental tests and continuing observa-
ton of children, youths and adults- is
Evening star., 1925-05-24

United States of America again held out the
hand of friendship, to bolshevik Russia
President Wilson addressed a message to the
Soviet Congress meeting in Moscow, to the
victorious bolsheviks on March H. 1918.
The Soviet Congress-not the Third Inter
national. not the Communist party, but the
Fourth All-Russian Congress of Soviets-re-
piled: 1.-The Russian Socialist Federated Re
public of Soviets takes advantage OF Presi-
dent Wilson's communication to express to
all peoples perishing and suffering from the
horrors of imperialistic war its warm sym
pathy and firm belief that the happy time is
not far distant when the labortng masses of
all countries will throw Off the yoke of cap
italism and will establish socialistic state
of society which alone is capable of securing
just and lasting peace, we'll the culture
and we'll being of all laboring people,.
Mr. Zinoviev, one of the seven rulers of
Russia remarked that occasion: We
slapped the President of the United States
in the face
It seems to me very Inconsistent to Jose
sight of the fact that the hand of friendship
was thus held out twice-once to the keren-
sky government and later to the Congress of.
Soviets. 1t was refused on the second oc
Evening star., 1925-05-24
Improved School Buildings
Urgent Need, Expert Holds

The National Capital. with its big
school building program and its school
AUTHORITIES ma king study of the best
school building achievements through
out the United States. is taking con-
Spicuous place in new age. the
herald of which is Fletcher r. Dress
lar, special agent of the United States
Bureau of Education and a foremost
authority on American school build
inGs.
This is the age of schools and
schoolhouSeS.' he points out. ''as
characteristically as the latter part of
the Middle Ages was the period of
churches and great church buildings.
I'm each case the faith and fervor
of the people can be read and fairly
understood through critical study
of these objective results and the
ideals for which they stand
Calling attention that much has
been heard and published about
"women's rights Mr.. DresSlar halls
the development of the American
school building as a "tardy recogni-
tion of children'S rights" He brings
an indictment against adults, alleging
selfish neglect of the eSthetic educa-
tion of children, but sees more atten-
tion already being paid TO this and in
the better type of schools now being
built.
1T will not miss the mark very
far" says Mr.. DreSSlar, ito say that
our ideals and feelings associated with
the notion of popular education are
becoming suffused with a glow and
zeal heretofore only found associated
directly or indirectly with religious
faith and religious propa ganda.
Temples for Youth.
And something of the same spirit
that once wrought to build a taber
! nacle or cathedral worthy of Il
dwelling place of the Most High is
seeking expression in furnishing to
the youth of our land nobler temples
in which their hearts, minds and
bodies may better adjust themselves
to the demands of a practical civic
brotherhood. Whoever, then, under
takes to build a schoolhouse to meet
and foster these ideals ought to ap-
proach his task with holy hands and
a consciousness of the devotion which
| ii is to typify.
"There' are social movements in al
most every community in our country
today looking toward educational bet
terment, and such movements should
be fostered, guided and rationalized
Whenever these are for any worthy
reason disconnected from church or
ganizations, either the public library
building, some building designed espe-
cially for social workers or the public
school buildings ought to be available
as a center for such workers.
'"rhe school building has many ad-
vantages. for it is the citadel of a
democracy, and there has been de-
veloped about it sentiment Of dignity
and decorum, influential in all move
ments undertaken within it's precincts
Furthermore, the use of these build
ingS for worthy social work of all
kinds is bringing school work into
more vital touch with the real life OF
the world: vice versa, it is bringing
the American community into more
vital relation with the teachers and
those who are responsible for schools
and school organization,
Evening star., 1925-05-24

of today is traced plainly from the Fchippus
= small HNe-toed anmal existing some six mil
lion years ago. The Fchippus developed into
q I"ur-toed animal, thCn three-toed one
later 10 have TWO toes which finally turned
INTO a hoof. while all the lime the horse in
creased in size. The present horse shows in
rudimentarN form ali Nf these toes In the
embryonic forms Of the horse. which tend .
Iecdptulate the whole evolution. we can see
these rndimentary structures even more
clearly
THAT man similarly has developed from some
more primitive form of life has been proved
in many ways. The human embryo at differ
ont stages of its existence epitomizeS mans
developmental history. In the early history
Of the embryo, appears in almost the
exact semblahce and form of the embryos
Of various other animals. The proof can be
found in any good museum in photogra phs
in books dealing with the subject.
Likeness of Skeletons.
An examination of skeletons of human be
inss reveals a striking likeness structures
of all sorts of animals, running down to the
fishes. Any one visiting a museum contain
ing representative collection of species is
bound to observe these similarities. If each
species has been created by a special act then
the power creating them has exhibited very
little originality. They have been plainly ma de
pattern.
TO ban the teaching Of obvious facts about
the development of life. such as the Tennessee
law would do, is nothing but an attempt to
throttle learning-an attempt that can accom-
plish nothing.
(Copyrisbt
Evening star., 1925-05-24
Intelligence Test Accuracy
Is Gaining Much Recognition

resulting in radical changes in educa-
tional methods. Even those schools
and universities most heavily burden
ed by large numbers of students are
struggling to get away from mass
methods in education to methods
which recognize and care for the in
dividual.
On account of the infinite variety Of
individuals and the wide range of their
general mental capacity and their spe-
cial aptitudes, it is manifestly unfair
TO require of all of them the same
kind of school achievement. To set
the same requirements for mental
achievement in the classroom is as
unfair to the pupils as it would be to
require them all in the gymnasium to
jump over a three-foot bar, which for
some would be impossible and for 9TH
ers mere child's play.
The new educational slogan is:
Keep each student busy at his high
est natural level of achievement" !"
With this in mind we may harbor,
with increasing confidence, the hope
that some day we shall have a ra-
tional method of school and college
education.
Evening star., 1925-05-24
BY HENRY l.. SWEINHART.


/ ~ + such great strategic value
is the Panama Canal to the
United States, of such in
~ cfeaslnE importance CONNER
c1ally, that every move af-
! lectlnS its safety, operation or main
| tenance, directly or Indirectly must
| be taken with the greatest caution
| ana only after careful consideration
| and deiiberation. That is the reason
! why negotiations between this Gov
erninent and the republic of Panama
! have been dragging on intermittentlv
! Tor nearly three years past in an ef.
! l"ft To reach an agreement on all The
| "utStan ndlns points, of difference be
| tween the two countries
| Negotiations are again in progress
| alter having reached an inpasse last
YEAR to see If a new treaty cannot be
| concluded which will prevent any
! lufther conflicts Of opinion between
oihcIals OF the Panama government
'i,u oA tne canal Zone as To the rights
Nhlch the United States possesses
! therein. A number of other matters
also are 10 be included in the con
Nentlon. The new treaty will not re
! place IN any sense the original canal
treaty OF 1908, but simply be supple
| mentary thereto. taking the place of
the so-called Taft agreement''-a
series of executive orders issued by
Alr. Taft while he was Secretary of
w w ana also adding other features
ne TAFT agreement was abrogated by
| president Coolidge on June l. 1894
| New Mission to L. =.
Panama has sent a new special mis-
! sion TO the United States TO take up
| with this Government the questions
( at issue. 1t is composed of the Min.
! lister here. Dr. Ricardo Alfaro; the
{ minister Of finance Of Panama Dr
: EuSebio A. Morales. and f.. J. Che
7 Waller. secretary. The American com
I mission 10 negotiate with them con
/ Slsts OF he Secretary Of State, Frank
I t.. kellogg, chairman; Francis White.
chief OF the Latin American division
81 the state Department: Joseph II
/ I'aEeF assistant solicitor, and Edwar rd
l.. Reed of the Latin American di-
I vision.
The executive orders ordinarily re-
! lerfed To as the Taft agreement in
terpreted certain phases of the Panama
dnai treaty as 10 the use of the Canal
! Zone for commercial purposes. This
! question of commercial rights will he
one Of the principal matters TO be
! dealt with in the proposed treaty. But
q number of new problems have
arisen from time to time since the
negotiation of the original treaty
more than 90 years ago, and the desire
is to have them all settled at the
same time. so that there may he no
remaining differences between the two
governments.
War Changed Problems.
Some of the problems which have
arisen between the two governments
are the result of innovations and i'm
provements in the modern science of
warfare, such as increase in the range
of big guns, the use of aviation. radio
and other developments. The United
States, it is pointed out. must look
ahead many years as to the needs
of the Canal, both from commercial
and military point Of view. For
| instance, it is stated that as a result
! of additional acreage. % square miles
| in extent secured a few months ago.
| increa sed storage of water will he pro-
Evening star., 1925-05-24

the following striking results: Phila-
delphia, 100; Sydney. Australia, 20:
Ottawa. Canada. 50; London, As: Co
penhagen. Denmark, Al; Oslo Chris
tianiaD, Norway, 3s; Amsterdam, Hol-
land, 81; Stockholm, Sweden, Sc; Paris.
France, 80; Berlin, Germany, %;
Prague, CZechoslovakia, %; Brussels;
Belgium, %: LodZ, Poland, 81: Rome.
Italy, %; Vienna. Austria. %; War
saw, Poland. %; Milan, Italy, 81.
That stability continues to be the
outstanding element in business and
industrial conditions of the United
States is reflected in the monthly cost
of living figures just issued by the
National Industrial Conference Board,
which show little change from the
preceding months figures. Clothing
retail prices in April were nearly
per cent lower, and fuel "a per cent
lower than in March, bringing the
general cost of living index number
down three-tenths of | per cent for
the month. Present wage rates in the
conference boards monthly wage re-
port were indicated as close to the
average for the past five years, 1919
10 1924 inclusive
Evening star., 1925-05-24
HICHLIGHTS ON RUSSIA.

The United States of America was
the first government to accord full de
jure" recognition TO revolutionarv Russia
The United States again held out
the hand of friendship 10 bolshevik
Russia-to the Fourth All Russian Con-
gress of Soviets-and, as Zinoviev, one
of the seven rulers of Russia. said 1--WE
slapped the President of the United
States in the face"
The Soviet government has created
an entirely new set of conditions in the
economic. political. social and legal do
mains. scornine the natural law and the
law of nations.
There is no longer any Russia" that
we can recogniZe-it is now one state
in a new union.
The Soviet government has officially
proclaimed it's entire external policy is
to spread to the entire world the Soviet
system begun in Russia.
Ten preposterous civic disabilities
confront an American under the Soviet
rule-in direct antithesis and defiance
of our most vital 'inalienable'' Ameri-
can principles - such as that a man
may be shot for teaching any religion
to his own child. and that the govern
ment has complete control over a child
for ACKNOWLEDGMENT of the state.
There is no question of withholding
recognition from the Russian people.
States do not recognize people; they
recognize governments.
Evening star., 1925-05-24

The controversy between the evolu-
tionists and The anti -evolutionists as To
The origin of man probably will be aired
in the courts next month, when John
Thomas Scopes. 24-year- old professor
of science in the high school of the lit
tie town of Dayton Tenn. viii be placed
on. trial there, charged with violating
new State law which prohibits the
teaching Of the evolution theory in the
schools Of Tennessee.
Aside from the intense interest encen-
dered in this case by the novelty of
the issue involved, added importance at
taChes to the trial because William Jen-
nings BRYAN. who is recognized as the
foremost anti-evolutionist in the coun.
try, and Clarence Darrow. noted criminal
lawyer and evolutionist. will be arrayed
against each other as associate counsel
The respective views of Mr. Bryan and
Mr.. Darrow follow.
Evening star., 1925-05-24

Some day in the near future more
pains Will be taken To make school
houses beautiful in external appear
ance as well as commodious and
healthful within. Thus far the archi-
tectS of the large ma jority Of our
smaller school buildings have chung
tenaciously TO the 'schoolhouse type
and have given us. in the main. build
ings devoid of any attempt at niceties
OF proportion or unity of design. In
many cases attempts at cheap orna-
mentation have been made at the ex-
pense of real beauty of form and hy-
gienic considerations.
1T seems strange, on first thought,
that our schoo!houses have been the
last of public buildings through which
public taste has sought to express it
self. But when one recalls that this
tardy recognition of children's rights
has exhibited itself in all lines of en-
deavor wherein the education and care
mental phase of human nature Is
brought to light.
Adults have regularly thought and
planned first for the satisfaction of
their own needs rather than those of
the children. If one is inclined TO
doubt this, lei him make a study Of
the Sunday school rooms of our
churches and compare them with the
rooms of the same building set apart
| in the main for the use of adults. Let
him examine the homes and contrast
the provisions made for adults with
those for the children. and he will ur-
derstand more clearly what j mean
But a protest should he entered
against this selfishness and at the
same time, plea made for the es-
thetic education of the children and
through them the development of an
enlightened conscience and artistic
sense in the public at large. The
school buildings in which our children
spend a great part of their working
hours during their early years deserve
serious attention and artistic treat
ment. Art leagues desiring to pro-
mote civic improvement should offer
artistic and well-developed plans of
country schoolhouses for the consid-
Grafton of those who have charge of
the construction of such buildings"
Mr.. Dresslar is scornful of the prac-
tice of accepting "ready-made plans
furnished by so-called architects and
builders" These, he declares. are
rarely adequate and frequently In
error. He also thinks little of the
practice of requiring architects to sub
NIT plans in competition. The best
architects seldom do this. he asserts.
Boards of education" he adds,
''often come together to consider
plans which have been placed in com.
petition without SO much as inviting
principal or superintendent to aid
them. One by one the architects are
called before the board to extol their
products and point out the superb
ority of their respective plans to ell
other possible plans. In general, the
rla TO r-ifh 40
est elevation and the greatest number
of impossible carriages passing the
proposed building, gets the vote.
The sane and economical thing te
do. even IL only one-story school
building is to be erected, Is TO engage
the services of a reliable, tasteful
architect. and with him work out
every detail before the plan Is finally
accepted"
Evening star., 1925-05-24
Labor of i. S. Is Better Paid
Than Anv Place in World

Labor today is by far better paid in
the United States than anywhere else
in the world, and American industry
is proceeding at an even pace.
The American wage Garner. on basis
Of what his pay will buy for him, Is
paid more than twice as we'll as his
British colleague in London: nearly
three times as well as the wage Garner
in Amsterdam, Holland; more than
three times better than the worker in
Berlin, Germany, and nearly five
times as much as the industrial
worker in Italy.
Wages in different countries. in
terms of what they can purchase of
food and shelter in the respective To-
calities, are graphically compared in
a chart prepared by the National In
dustrial Conference Board, on basis
of data collected by the Interna tional
Labor Office at Geneva. Taking Phil
adelphia as a typical American indus
trial city, the average wage there, in
terms of purchasing power. is indeXed
AT 100. the wage index numbers for
other countries thus showing the per
centage relation of foreign real"
wages to American real" wages, with
Evening star., 1925-05-24
Barriers Raised by Evil Soviet Theories
Prevent Recognition of Russia by =. S.
BY EDMUND A. WALSH. S. J.. PHI. ID.

BY EDMUND A. WALSH. s. J.. PHI. ID.
sheviks as simply barba rians and dis
miss their program with contemptuous
gesture. Certainly the rank and file of
their followers have been guilty of in
human excesses and objectionable boodshed.
But the authorities ruling Russia today are
not barbarians. They the fruits of bar
barian practices in government extending
through three centuries. Russia survived the
barbarian from without-the Mongolan con-
querors under Ghengis Khan. 1t the
ba rbaran within that destroyed her-imperi-
Gus autocrats in high places and petty tyrants
in low places, more concerned with the per-
petuation of dynasties and the conquest of
new principalities than with the happiness,
the natural rights and development of the
hordes under their control.
Human life and human rights We're, always
cheap in the East, and still are in Russia
today, relic doubtless and blend of two
Influences that cut themselves deep into the
character of the ruling classes-Asiatic cal
lousness and Byzantine haughtness.
Revolution Held Justified.
Consequently, in my opnion-and I have
spent the last three years in close and con-
tinuous study of this problem-the defects of
the czaristic regime. from the point of view
Of human liberty. justified a dozen revolu-
tons. But there is need of clear thinking at
this point. The revolution which freed Russia
dominant in Russia. The revolution which
overthrew the tyranny of the Car was well
coined by the entire human and was
very aptly characterized by President Wilson,
when on April 2, 1917 in his speech to Con-
gress declaring against the German en-
pire he used these words Russia was known
by those who knew it best to have been al
ways democratic at heart in all the vital
habits of her thought, in all the intimate re-
latonships of her people that spoke their
natural instincts and their habitual attitude
toward life. Here is fit partner for a league
of honor
l know of no phrase that has ever summed
it up better than that-'In the Russian people
have fitting partner for a perpetual
league of honor" And let it never be for
gotten in these discussions that the first gov
ernment to accord full de jure" recognition
to revolutionary Russia was the United States
of America. 1t is, therefore. beside the ques-
tion and evidences a deplorable lack of his
torical perspective to be forever reading us
lessons to our duties and the traditional
American attitude toward revolutionary gov
eTnments.
Mr.. Francis, the American Amba ssa dor, in
advance of the French Ambassador before
the British Ambassador. presented himself to
free Russia and gave her the accolade of
friendship in the of the United States
of America. And 1t is sometimes forgotten
in these discussions that even when the boil
shevists took power, when their Congress had
gathered for one of their early. sessions, the
Evening star., 1925-05-24

ly created from time TO time millions of years
after the first forms We're in existence. else
by some process of nature they grew out of or
evolved from some other forms.
The evolution of the horse, readily seen from
tangible evidence, is perhaps one OF the clear
est examples of how form of structure
has grown out of older form. The horse