davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
To Secure Best Results
Spread Manure Evenly

Manure should be evenly spread for
best results. This is difficult to do
without manure spreader. In some
places it is the practice to haul to the
field, put into small piles, and then
spread from these piles. by hand. There
is no advantage to this, but it does
Increase the labor cost.
The value of manure can be greatly
increased by the addition Of some re-
inforcing material Gypsum or land
plaster, rock sulphate and acid phos-
plate are commonly used. Acid phos-
plate is the best to use. Besides TAX
ing up much of the ammonia, which
would be lost through fermentation
and teaching, it adds an available form
of phosphoric acid to the manure.
This is important, for manure is low
in phosphoric acid. When acid phos-
plate is used at the rate of 40 to so
pounds per ton of manure it supplies
plenty Of available phosphoric acid for
the average crops. Limestone may be
used with manure but 1t will not have
the same effect on the ammonia that
acid phosphate does.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Trench Silc Bulletin Is
Ready for Circulation

That it has been amply demonstrate
ed that corn, sunfowers, and some leg
ume crops can be preserved as sue
cessfully in trench Silos as in cit or
upright silos is finding Of the au-
thors Of Special Bulletin No. 100,
Trench Silos in Minnesota" just is
sued by the agricultural extension
service Of the Minnesota university.
Farmers who have used such silos to
meet emergencies are said to be well
pleased with results.
The trench silo is inexpensive, easy
to fill, frost, fire, and wind proof, can
be packed by horse power, needs no
roof and no elevating of cut silage.
These are advantages. OF course there
are disadvantages such as unsightli-
ness, short life, danger from poor
drainage and extra expense in feedirg
if the silo is some distance from barns
or live stock.
Copies of the new bulletin can be
had by addressing the Office Of Pub
locations, University Farm, st. Paul.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Sunshine Best Agent for
Sterilizing Utensils

In order to keep dairy utensils in a
thoroughly understanding condition
they should be kept out of doors where
they have a chance to air out and be-
come dry. Sunshine Is one Of the best
agents for sterilizing utensils.
A convenient and practical way to
do this is to use a rack with wooden
pegs over which the utensils can be
hung. This exposes them to the sun
and air, both of which help to keep
them in a sweet, sterile condition. Do
not try to wipe the utensils dry, but
simply scald them after they have
been thoroughly washed and then
hang them over the pegs so that they
may drain and dry A dishcloth is
often a source Of contamination and
does more harm than good
In washing the strainer cloth it is
advisable to first rinse it out in cold
water. Then soak it in a hot solution
Of washing powder and then rinse out
in clean, hot water. When clean it
should be hung out in the sun to
thoroughly dry.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Wintering Calf on
Grain Too Costly
Gains Do Not Justify the
Additional Expense.

In wintering calves the use Of grain
in the ration increases the cost Of
wintering materially and does not
sufficiently increase the total gains at
the time or subsequently to justify the
additional expense, says the United
States Department of Agriculture
This conclusion was reached from the
results of a series of experiments
carried on by the department in CO.
operation with the West Virginia ex-
pertinent station In which grade Short
horn, Hereford, and Aberdeen calves
were used to determine the effect Of
different winter rations on gains the
following summer.
One lot of calves receiving a ration
of mixed hay and a grain mixture Of
B parts corn, 1 part bran, and 1 part
linseed meal made winner gain Of
SO pounds EACH which was more than
twice as much as another lot which
was fed corn silage and clover hay
The latter drove, however, made a
greater gain the following summer on
P0oIuAC anu idShCu OAily K pOunuS VI
reaching the same total as the grain
fed calves. The cost of the grain ration
through the winter did not justify the
extra gains, says the department
In fact, the experiment was carried
until the calves were three years old
in which time the advantage in weight
due to grain feeding the first winter
was practically all lost by the time
they were three years old.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Tainted Cream
Can Dangerous
Flavors of Kerosene, Case
line, Etc, Will Spoil
Whole Churning.

The price paid for cream depends
upon what the creamery can sell the
butter for plus reasonable profit.
Butter Is sold on the large markets ac-
cOrding to quality. In order to make
good quality of butter, a butter
maker must have good quality cream.
First-grade butter cannot be made out
Of all cream received at the creamery,
because some of the cream will be
tainted with onion, kerosene, gasoline
and other fiavors. Now if a firm can
get 45 cents a pound for good butter,
and only grease prices for kerosene
and gasoline butter, you can readily
see the result. The price paid for all
butterfat will depend upon the per-
centage Of each kind of bum cream
that is received. Let us consider ker-
osene and gasoline tainted cream and
see if the producer Is not losing money.
Oil Taints All Cream.
A slight trace Of oil in a cream can
will faint all the cream that it comes
in contact with, which usually is an
entire churning. An average churning
in most plants is 1000 pounds Of but
ter, or value of $3.50 with butter
at 10 cents per pound. A 5-gallon
caa of cream of an average test with
butterfat at 40 cents, will bring $3.50.
Now if this 5-gallon can of cream is
tainted with kerosene or gasoline, it
will ruin the $3.50 churning, and that
butter will have to be disposed Of at
grease prices. You can readily see
that there is large financial loss
and the producer pays the BILL
BIG churning Lost.
One of the dairy inspectors hap
pened to be in cream station in
eastern Colorado a short time ago
when producer delivered a 10-gallon
can of cream. The producer cautioned
the cream station operator to be sure
and wash the can thoroughly, as he
was going to take home some gasoline
in the can. Another inspector reported
that he was In a Denver plant and
saw 1,200-pound churning of kero-
sene butter. 1t is impossible to thor
oughly cleanse can after it has been
filled with oil. You may think you
can get it clean in that you can't smell
the oil, but 1t will faint the cream Just
the same. If we had to use tin cream
pitchers, you wouldn't think of using
the same pitcher for cream on the
table and to fill your kerosene lamp.
Using cream cans to haul oil in is not
unlawful, but results in a financial
loss to the producer If the same can
is used for dairy purposes again.-Col-
orado State Dairy Commission.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Rye Is Now Recommended
for Winter Cow Pasture

Farmers who do not have wheat for
fall and winter pasture for dairy cows
should SOW some rye, say dairymen
at the Kansas State Agricultural COL
lege. One precaution that must be
observed in pasturing dairy cows on
rye, especially where milk is sold, is
to remove the cows from pasture three
or four hours before milking. This
precaution will keep the milk from
being tainted with the characteristic
rye flavor, which is Objectionable to
some people. The college herd is
pastured on rye from seven o'clock in
the morning until one o'clock in the
afternoon.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Two Important Factors
to Get Alfalfa Stand

The two most important factors in
getting good stand of alfalfa are
seed bed preparation and the use of
pure adapted alfalfa seed, according
to Kansas State Agricultural college
agronomists. Alfalfa and small grass
seeds should be planted in finely pull
verified moist soil, which contains a
good supply of available plant food.
Preparation should start early in the
season, and at this time the seed bed
should be put into final condition by
frequent working with the disk, set
straight, a cultipacker, a drag, or a
harrow to firm the subsurface well
and to smooth and pulverize the sur
face soil.
Most of the winter killing OF alfalfa
last winter and spring, was due to
using southern grown, or imported
seed, say agronomists who urge the
use of only native grown seed free
from weeds.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Handling of Pullets in
Autumn REQUIRES Skill

No one thing requires more skill
than the correct handling of a flock
of pullets so that maximum yield of
eggs may be obtained all winter. First
Of all, the birds must be fat, as this
gives them the necessary strength and
endurance. To have them fat, large
quantities of hard grain must be fed
Three-fourths of the food they con-
sumo should be hard grain. 1t is not
as important during the latter part Of
their development that they have as
much mash as when ready to lay. If
milk is fed, very little mash is neces-
sary. They should have plenty Of
green food at all times.
When the first eggs are found on
the range, at least one-third or one
half of the birds best developed should
be placed in their winter quarters. If
the birds are allowed to remain very
long on the range after starting to
lay, the change to winter houses is
sure to check them and may cause a
fall mott. When the remaining birds
show maturity, they should be put in
winter quarters also.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Sod Ground Is Best
Place for Manure
Top Dressing Increases Hay
Yield From Meadow.

Where is the best place to apply
manure, depends largely on the con-
dition of the fields and the manure.
In my experience the best place for
well-rotted barnyard manure has usu-
ally been on sod ground intended to
be turned under for corn. Sod ground
is usually deficient in those elements
found in good manure.
Manure from the horse stable, where
plenty of bedding is used, is generally
too dry and heating and not rotted
sufficiently to be applied to sod ground
just previous to planting time, writes
j. A. Raiser of Ohio in the Indiana
Farmers Guide. However, 1 have
found 1t practical and not Injurious
at all, but rather beneficial, to apply
such manure to sod ground UP to
within month of planting time The
spring rains and weather conditions
in general fit the manure to be turned
under with beneficial rather than in
furious effect by that time.
have also applied both barnyard
and stable manures as a top-dressing
for meadows with very pleasing re-
suits. 1t greatly increased the yield
Of hay from the meadow. l have never
found that any appreciate amount of
the unrotted litter in the manure gets
into the hay by being raked up and
brought up onto the wagon with the
hay through the loader. Usually the
manure is hauled out AMI applied to
the meadow right after the summers
crop has been removed, which gives
it practically a whole year in which
to decompose and incorporate with the
soil. find that this practice viii not
only benefit the hay crop but also to
large extent the following corn
crop. Manure as a top-dressing seems
to reach the roots of plants most eff
fectually.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
EARn MITES

Early plowed kafr stubble makes
good oat ground.
Clean hens in clean quarters make
for poultry profits.
Fifty ears of corn should be
gathered for every acre to be planted
next year.
Poison bran mash is an indispensable
item on the last banquet menu for
grasshoppers.
Corn selected for seed should be
stored at once in dry, well-ventilated
place where it will cure quickly and
remain dry.
Roughly, soy straw may be regard
ed as about two-thirds as valuable as
clover hay, but this is not an exact
figure by any means.
Legumes take from so to 100 pounds
of nitrogen to the acre from the air
annually. An amount sufficient for a
50-bushel corn crop. Seed some alfalfa
this fall.
Oats is a good grain to feed colts,
but when not available a grain ration
consisting of six parts corn, three
parts bran, and one part linseed oil
meal, is a splendid substitute.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
POULTRY
FATS
FALL REMINDERS
OF FARM FLOCKS


The past few months have been our
dull months with chickens. About all
we could do was to raise a flock of
good pullets for winter egg produc-
ton. Any man who has tried raising
poultry knows that the last few
months have called for extra effort on
our part. But the time will soon be
here when we are going to reap what
we have been sowing, writes J. w.
Recknor, Jr., in the Farm and Ranch.
The pullets will shell out the eggs and
the price will soar higher as cold
you see, have been our Woodworking
months. But to reap what is due us
we must not lay down on the job now
as cool weather approaches. The
thing to do is to get everything in the
best shape possible to clean up some
cash this winter. The merchant puts
his store in the best shape possible,
cleans up and improves as much as he
can, so as to be prepared for the fall
business. Here is where his profits
pile up. During the dull season he
gets by, perhaps, 'but he counts on the
business this fall for extra profits.
Clean up the old store That is,
Gull out the nonproducers from the
flock. Get rid of the drones. Keep
nothing on the yards except money
makers. Turn all the shoddy goods
to the market man, and hit the fall
and winter months with a flock Of
healthy, vigorous bread-winners that
bring in the dough. If you have
large flock and you are afraid to do
the culling, then get the assistance of
some one who has had some expert
ence. 1t pays to GULL You get the
same number of eggs on less feed and
house room. The nonIayers eat up
your profits and crowd the producers.
Get rid of them
If you are not feeding the birds as
you should, get them on good ration
at once, as the pullets must be in con-
dition to lay. If you have bred-to-lay
chickens and you have done your part
in keeping the pullets growing all
summer and you continue to give them
the right kind of attention, you need
not fear but what you will be reward,
ed this fall and winter with a heavy
egg production. Feeding right has
much TO do with laying hen. She
can't lay unless her food contains all
the elements that go to make up an
egg, and in the right proportions at
that. An egg ration will have to be
fed through the winter 1t might pay
to look into your feeding methods.
Sometimes, by doing this, a mistake
can be detected before It is too late.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Soiling Crops or Corn
Silage as Supplements

Selling crops or corn silage are rec
commended as supplements for
drought damaged pastures used for
dairy herds. If the dairyman lacks
corn silage and is not in position to
feed soiling crop, he should give
his COW grain ration, says o. G.
Schaefer of the dairy division, Uni
versity farm, st. Paul, MINI. For
average or low producing cows on
pastures badly burned the grain ration
should consist of equal parts of corn
and oats or equal parts of barley and
oats For cows Of more than average
production one pound of oil meal
should be added to the ration for every
five or six pounds of the corn and
oats or barley and oats. Where no pas
ture is left at all the cows should
be fed about as in winter.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Caution in Culling Is
Urged bv a POultrvman

Practically every rule has it's excep-
ton. Early molting birds are poor
layers" say experienced poultrymen.
This is true in the main, but there are
exceptions.
N. e. Chapman, poultryman with
the agricultural extension service, Uni
versity Of Minnesota, points out that
many farm flocks went into prema-
ture mott early in June because Of
lack of feed, hot poultry houses at
night, and depredations of mites. Egg
production by these fiocks fell off rap
idly, but as sufficient feed is supplied
and poultry houses properly ventilated
and the mites externinated, the fiocks
are gradually increasing production.
when culling such flocks, each hen
should be carefully studied for evil
dence that the mott is about to sub
side," says Mr.. Chapman. "The best
hens will come back and they ought
to have their chance. The poorest
ones will. Of course, continue to mott
and should be discarded"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
TARM Ac.T,I>:'

Sow rye for winter COW pasture.
Head lettuce should not be washed
until ready for use.
Soil, like horse, works best when
we'll groomed and fed.
For guiding the pillow in these modern
times brain is more important than
Drawn.
It's nearly always true that where
big fields of alfalfa are found the
farmers are prosperous.
A farmer who hasn't a lot of In
fluence with the weather needs to use
legumes freely for his crops sake.
The colt should have alfalfa, clover,
cowpea, or other legume hay in addi-
ton to prairie hay and other roughage
the first winter.
Some enthusiasts have overestimated
the legumes and especially artificial in
oculation, but this does not do away
with the feet that they are valuable.
The worlds largest calf club is lO-
Gated in Todd county, Kentucky. 1t
has an enrolment of 115 boys and
girls who own 125 registered Jersey
calves.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Suite Die Way to
Cure Seed Corn
Moisture Must Be Removed
From Ears Quickly to
Prevent Spelling.

Ears of corn that are picked for
seed usually have more moisture in
them than is suspected. Thirty per
ear is water. In air-dried ears the
moisture content will range from
about 15 per cent and under. The sur
plus is removed through curing and
the sooner it is removed from the ears
the less will be the danger Of the seed
easily and then the vitality of the kerr
nels will be very much reduced. Fur
thermore, there is the danger Of freez-
ing weather which entirely destroys
the seed if it is frozen When seed
ears are once cured no amount of
freezing can injure them.
Reduce Moisture Content.
The chief problem then connected
with caring for the seed is to reduce
the moisture content as soon as pos
sible. Proper ventilation and the ap-
plication of heat will do this. In many
years suitable ventilation is all that
is required, especially when corn has
matured early and the fall weather is
warm and dry. But we cannot always
take for granted that this is the case.
If we could, ears selected from the
crib would be satisfactory to use. To
avoid all danger seed corn should be
cured in place where there is an
opportunity to provide some heat in
case it is needed.
Since ventilation, to carry off the
moisture, Is so necessary, the ears
ought to be stored in such a way that
no two ears touch. This will provide
free circulation of air about each
ear and it will thus cure in the short
est time possible and at the same time
all kernels will dry out equally. This
will make seed that will have the most
uniform termination. This may be
termed the individual-ear method of
storing and is always the safest to
use. Seed ears should never be stored
in sacks or in piles. 1t is even dam
gerous to pile one row on top Of an
other, at least until the moisture con-
tent has been considerably reduced.
Useful Strngers.
There are numerous devices that one
might think of that will accomplish
this purpose. Corn stringers answer
the best, and any boy can make them.
Finishing nails driven into a piece of
board will do very well. The ears may
then be driven into place by showing
the nails into the pith Of the cobs at
the butts. Care should be taken to
drive the nails far enough apart so
that when ears are arranged no two
touch, as already explained. One may
drive enough nails into post that has
been fastened to a base SO that 1t will
stand upright to accommodate large
number of ears. Racks made out of
lath will also do very well. In fact,
any scheme may be used which does
not permit the ears to touch each
other
If the space occupied by the ears
during the curing process is not need
ed for anything else and If the corn
is protected from mice and rats, it
may be left where 1t is until testing
and planting time comes. If it must
be removed then it should be packed
away in containers that are mouse
and rat proof and stored away in a
dry place. Air-dried corn will keep If
stored in dry place, no matter how
cold it is. Any amount of freezing
will not injure seed ears when they
are once cured out.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22

equipment, high-priced cows or much
extra work to produce clean milk.
With healthy herd, kept in a stable
and yard which can be kept clean
easily, and with careful attention CIV
en- to details milk can be produced
which is both highly nutritious and
wholesome.
The experts have placed II links
in the clean milk chain. They con-
slider healthy herd as the first Inn
portant factor. Healthy cows to
breed and pure milk to feed from are
two important factors in rearing
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Balanced Dry Mash

The use of a balanced dry mash
containing 2 per cent ground lime.
stone in addition to the hopper of
oyster shells will usually prevent the
production of soft-shelled eggs. A
failure of the egg-making organs to
function properly might cause soft
shelled eggs. Such hens have to be
located by the trap nest or by obser-
walton in small fiocks. Then they can
be marketed and replaced with vigor,
Gus pullets which will probably be
free from such trouble.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Value Of Cowpea Hay

A ton of cowpea hay contains as
much food value as does a ton Of
wheat bran. Still, the bran finds a
ready market among farmers at from
$50 to $40 per ton. Soy beans are very
rich in nitrogen and consequently in
protein since all protein must contain
16 per cent of nitrogen. Cowpeas and
soy beans do not leave so much nitro
gen in the soil as clover, but a consid-
cradle part of the nitrogen is left in
the soil in the roots.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Produce Excellent Hay
Crop by Sowing Timothy

When timothy is sown alone in the
tall it produces an excellent hay crop
the following summer, but when sown
during late winter or early spring it
is necessary to wait until the follow
ing year to get hay crop.
Timothy may be sown with either
wheat or rye. When sown with a
nurse crop from to pounds of seed
per acre should be used. When sown
alone, about 10 pounds is the proper
amount.
Glover, either sweet or red, may be
sOwn with the timothy in the spring.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Double Value of Straw

Farmers imagine when they bale
straw and sell 1t for enough to pay
actual cost of baling and hauling that
they are getting as much out of it
as possible. Are they? Dry straw may
not be of great value as fertilizer,
but when mixed with fresh manure
Ellsworth is mere than doubled. More
liberal use of bedding results IN clean
er and healthier animals, and gives a
larger amount of fertilizer.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-10-22
Save Farm Machinery by
Covering and Painting

Now is the time of year to get all
the farm machinery under cover and
painted.
If the metal is covered with paint,
1t will not rust. Rust destroys thou
sands of dollars worth of farm ma
chinery each year. Not even wealthy
farmer can afford to neglect his ma
chimes.
Grease and rust that has accumu-
lated should first be removed. The
rust may be removed by means Of
sandpaper, or strong steel brush.
Grease may be removed with soft,
warm water.
A coat Of paint over anything is
the same as covering, and protects
what 1t covers from the elements.
1t Is economy to paint.