The northwestern bulletin-appeal., 1925-02-28
new MONUMENTS
SET ASIDE BY U. S.
Five Historic Spots Now
Open to Public.

raze Of millions Of immigrants. Only
In October, 1924, did she come Into
her own, officially-she was made
national monument by an executive
order Of President Coolidge. The or.
der reads that Fort Wood, N. T..
shall be made a national monument.
Fort Wood Is no more and no less
than the Statue of Liberty enlighten-
ing the world.
In the same order that made the
Statue of Liberty what the American
people thought she was, four other
military reservations or parts Of them
were set aside as national monuments
open to the public. One Of these. Fort
Marion at st. Augustine. Fla, Is well
known. The others, Castle Pinckney,
Charleston Harbor. s. c.; Fort Pu-
laski, near Savannah, Ga, and Fort
Matanzas, near St. Augustine, are less
well known.
What They commemorate.
"A massacre which probably was
the most terrible committed on Amer
lean soil, the only intact example or
a medieval fort in North America, the
site where ri1ed guns first spelled the
doom of parapets, the scene OF the
= Civil wars first shot and the first sue
cessful submarine attack, and the
modern worlds equivalent OF the
Colossus Of Rhodes-these are the In
cidents memorialized by the five new
national monuments" says bulletin
Of the National Geographic society
from its headquarters In Washington.
History knits together the stories
of Fort Marion and Fort Matanzas,
the latter Is miles to the south. Don
Pedro Menendez, the 'adelantado' or
governor Of Florida, founded st. Au-
gustine in 1855 as base from which
to attack the Huguenot colony at Fort
Caroline, 80 miles north. Spain
claimed the Huguenots trespassed on
their territory. But the Huguenots,
French Protestants, who had come for
religious freedom like the Pilgrims
were to come IS years later, decided
to surprise the Spanish.
Their feet swooped down on st.
Augustine but Florida hurricane
drove the French vessels on the beach
some miles south, wrecking every yes
sci. After a forced march Menendez
captured Fort Caroline. All the. de-
tenders were killed and the women
and children were carried away. Re
turning to st. Augustine he rushed
south to meet the shipwrecked French.
They surrendered Internationally.
Binding the arms of his prisoners
Menendez started them In parties to-
ward st. Augustine. Near the site Of
the new national monument, Fort
Matanzas, he placed firing squad.
Florida's white sand was stained with
the blood of 200 French that day.
Matanzas in Spanish means 'massa-
cre.'
Under the protection of the walls
of Fort Marion, first known as San
Juan de Pinos and later as st. Mark,
the Spanish introduced into America
lines, lemons, citrons and China and
Seville oranges.
Discovery Of coQuina, a soft shell
and coral stone, near st. Augustine
about 1870, led to the replacement of
the wooden structure with the mate
rial a visitor sees today. Old Fort
Matanzas Is coquina also. Thirty mil
lion dollars Is the reported cost Of
Fort Marion. When King Ferdinand
Nv heard this he exclaimed: What
Ia fovf hnfl ~ Inl
To-day the War department keeps
both forts In repair.
4 Gallant Defense.
Fort Pulaski Is located on the sea
end of a sand spit dividing the mouth
Of the Savannah river. Built on the
site of Revolutionary Fort Greene,
which was destroyed by q hurriC ane,
Fort Pulaski wss taken over by South
ern troops at the beginning of the
Civil war. Union troops attacking
Savannah brought up some of the
first rife cannon ever made and de-
manded the forts surrender. The
Confederate commander replied: I
have been sent here to fight, not sur
iohucA' DcoPitC 6uiuht uclcuSc tuC
rified cannon pounded out a military
lesson that scrapped most Of the
worlds forts.
Fort Moultrie, that beat of q Brit
ish fleet in l776, and Fort Sumter, the
Civil wars Serajevo, are twin guards
to Charleston harbor. These two
forts are still In active use so Castle
, ,Pinckney, an unused fort on Shutes'
Folly island, has been named a VA
tional monument for Charleston hur-
Dor. 1t is opposite the point where
batteries first poured shot into Sum-
ter. Union forces used Castle Pinck-
ney In their final attack on Charles
ton. 1t was In this harbor that the
first submarine, run by steam, tor
pedoed ship during the Civil war,
but went to the bottom with Its vie-
tim. Castle Pinckney also saw one CT
the first attacks Of an armored feet
on forts.
"Bedloe's island provides the foot
stool for Liberty. II has had more
peaceful history. Frances gift OF
1879 on the centenary of independ-
ence raised this 2h-acre oyster island
OF New Amsterdam to eternal fame.
Tho Nolacsus ~ pbodo. t, - xs,-