davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-06-28

~ ETURNING to work on the
- story of old Washington musi-
IN ci lns and music teachers, let
i y The Rambler tell you that
sometimes (but not often) he
receives compliments. One of his
fellow-writers on The Star-there are
also sister writers-came to his room
today. You we'll know the name Of
this fellow. He has the courage
mean, the nerve--to sign his stuff.
You zee his name in big type every
Sunday and oftener. I would tell you
his name, but / do not want to adver-
tise b1m. He has literary aspirations.
/ cannot say more of his literary work
than shat he has literary aspirations.
Wen. speaking of compliments The
RamNler gets. this fellow-writer came
to ms room today and said
Harry, ! want to compliment you
on your old musicians story last Sun
day. 1t was not Of the same lofty
literary excellence throughout. but I
enjoyed 1t. That part of the story
where you quoted two pages from the
Washinton directory Of 1870 was good.
1t was the most graceful and most
nearly accurate writing you have
done When you write a story and
introsuce quotations from anything
the quotations are a relief"
I tell you this to show you that a
brother artist appreciates my Efforts
no, appreciates my achievements-and
knows how to make delicate compli-
ment.
I went to the Public Library to look
up Francis Espiuta in early Washing
ton directories because I told you last
Sunday that I felt sure Francis Espi
uta. father Of Prof. John Espiuta,
came to Washington in 1887 or 1898.
did not find a Washington directory
of the years between 1884 and 1843,
and the name I sought was not in the
1843 directory. / feel that some other
Washington historian is tampering
with the old directories. Many histo-
rians are not so Industrious. Some of
them come to The Star Office and say:
Il have been appointed by my So
ciety. the Daughters Of the Descen-
dants of the Crew of Columbus, to
prepare a paper on Did Pocahontas
Wear Bobbed Hair?' I know that
The Rambler wrote about that and if
you will get me The Star containing
this article l can prepare my paper
without further effort"
The fact. that the name Francis
Espiuta" was not in the Washington
directory of 1s43 is not significant
Many Washingtonians were overlooked
by the old directories, and many who
did get their names in the directory
got them in wrong. Washington d.
rectories of three-quarters or a whole
century ago were not as large and
thorough as they have become. 1
hope that when The Rambler says
washington directories of three
quarters or a whole century ago were
not as large as they have become"
you will catch the intelligence Of that
observation. You might never have
thought of it without being told.
X
IN the directory of 1S43 are the
following names of musicians:
Francis Prospect Prosperi, north side
of G between Seventh and Eighth,
near Eighth southeast; PulitZie
christian name not given), north side
of I street south, between Sixth and
Seventh east, near Sixth; William G.
Applegate, west side of Eighth east,
Evening star., 1925-06-28

send through the mails fraudulent and
obscene matter, poison. bombs, load
ed firearms and other prohibited arti-
cleS have the United States Postal
Inspection Service to deal with, also,
money order forgers and other c~imi-
nails who make use of postal facili-
ties in furtherance Of their wrong
doing.
THE service handles also the re-
organization Of post offices. re-
arrangement of carrier service in
cities and laying out of rural routes,
as we'll as the regular inspection of
post offices, including the auditing
of accounts. from which the title
post office inspector" was derived.
The many duties which fall t. the
lot of the inspection service are sum-
married. in the statement that when
ever and wherever there is trouble in
the postal service, or affecting it, it
is the inspectors job to find the cause
and correct it.
Mail frauds have been the subject
of special campaigns during the past
few years. Hundreds of concerns
Evening star., 1925-06-28

day, when scholastic progress. espe.
clally In the South, was almost neg.
hglbie, not one who answered the roll
call on July 4 was what would be
considered ignorant even in this era
OF higher standards. But 1t is eyi.
dent in analyzing the conditions of
life of these founders of the Nation
that meager number could, even
with the widest latitude, be described
as self made men. Benjamin Frank
lin, in whom this class reaches its
apotheosls, was given an opportunity
to study in the best schools of Boston
at a time when his family was poorly
endowed with means, but, being a
genius and by many discriminating
critics considered the most remark.
able man the Western Republic ha,
produced, he educated himself better
In the larger way than any college
could have done.
Twenty-seven of the signers had
received collegiate degrees. Harvar I'd
had the honor of being the alma mater
OF seven. The Scotch delegates
Wftherspoon and Wilson-were grad.
yates OF the University Of Edinburgh
and the only Welshman. Francis
Lewis, had come from the great pub
Ito school of England, Hackney. and
mad studied also in Paris and London.
:. Twenty, though not of complete col.
legiate training, had been thoroughly
educated in the classical way, prin.
cipally at home. and these studies had
been augmented by foreign travel and
extensive courses Of reading Only
eight can be classified as having only
a plain rudimentary education, OBJ.
tanned In the common schools, and but
one, George Walton, a native of Fred.
erick County, Va, and a delegate from
Georgia, can be described as having
enjoyed neither the advantages of
classical academy nor had he received
the elements Of knowledge taught in
the common schools. Apprenticed to
a carpenter in his youth, Walton was
not permitted even an inch of candle
to pursue his studies after his 16
working hours were over. But Sc.
cretly he gathered faggots and by
their Pickering light quenched his
thirst for knowledge. When he had
mastered all the books within reach
he removed to Georgia, and at tho
end Of his carpentry service was able
to enter a law ofilce and to climb
steadily to the head Of the legal pro-
fession.
OF the avocations followed by these
men previous to flinging defiance to
George III and his ministers, though
each Is assigned separate calling, at
Evening star., 1925-06-28

least four-ifths may be described as
farmers or planters. Thus the lofty
patriot of Mount Vernon, though pre-
pared for the profession Of surveying,
writes as a planter in the biography
prepared when he was elected first
President.
Thomas Jefferson is entered as a
lawyer. though agriculture was his
passion, and the vast estate at Monti-
cello absorbed him quite as much as
law or politics throughout his long
and eventful career. In the profess
sional sense that memorable Congress
Of 1776, like every other succeeding
one, was composed largely of lawyers.
IWenty-four, or almost half the num-
Der, followed the calling which from
time immemorial has been the faith
full champion of constitutional liberty
and in every country of the world
Thirteen signers gave themselves no
other avocation than that of being
planters. and these were principally
from the South, like the Lees and
their fellow-signers from Virginia
Arthur Middleton of South Carolina
and several others in scattered Sec
tfons Of the Southern and Middle col
onies, who had inherited manorIai
tracts and found their maintenance q
mans JOB.
x :: = x
A RTHUR MIDDLETON, who has
passed down to fame as the hand
soonest and best appareled member of
the Congress, suffered greatly during
the invasion of his country by the
British army under CORVALLIS. He
was graduate of Hackney, the Brit
ish public school, and the University
of Cambridge, and was perhaps alone
among his colleagues in a knowledge
OF art and cotemporary literature
gathered from several years study in
Rome, Paris and London. He in
herited a great estate in land besides
a large fortune in slaves and good
security. After the fall of Charleston
he was sent with other prisoners to
st. Augustine, Fla, then In British
hands, and his sufferings and the in
dignities to which he was submitted
led him, in 1882. to present to the Con-
greSs Of which he was a member a
memorial against Lord CORVALLIS, de-
string to except that commander from
the exchange Of prisoners then pro-
crossing between the United States
and Great Britain. Mr.. Middleton
called the noble lord who commanded
his majesty's forces a barbarian and
advised uncivilized treatment for him
and those under him. In fact, his
CONTINUED on Fourth Page.2
Evening star., 1925-06-28
Facts About Signers of Declaration of Independence

number from the Middle colonies and
IA from New England. Separately ex-
amIned, Massachusetts, and Virginia
can claim equally to be the mothers
or these heroes, since nine each were
born on their soil. The land of VIII
liam Penn and the palatinate of Lord
baltimore can claim five each Of the
total; Connecticut, New Jersey and
South Carolina, four each; New York,
three; Rhode Island and Delaware, two
each, and Maine, one. The delegates
from five provtnces-Massac achusetts,
Rhode Island, Maryland, Virginia and
South Carolina-were men born with
In their boundaries. New Hampshire
had three signers, North Carolina and
Georgia the same number, yet none
OF these nine men had seen the light
of day in the sections of the country
which they represented on that mo-
mentous July 4. OF 1.-The remaining
delegations representing the other
colonies, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware,
the members were as those composing
the national legislatures since that
day, political sons of one State, native
sons of another.
OF the eight who had been born in
the British Isles, Ireland could claim
three-Dr. Matthew Thornton, who
signed with the New Hampshire dele
cation, and James Smith and George
Taylor with the Pennsylvania, Two
were born in England-Robert Morris
OF Pennsylvania, the great f1nancier
OF the Revolution, and Button Gym
nett of Georgia, perhaps the most
pathetic figure in the Congress, in that
he arrived in the colonies only in ITO.
threw himself whole-heartedly into the
cause of the patriots. and died May 4.
1777. less than a year after the mo-
mentous events OF July 4, ITS. His
death resulted from wound received
in duel fought because he deemed
his honor assailed in tho patriotic
sense. Two stalwart figures were
from the lowlands OF Scotland-Rey.
John Witherspoon Of New Jersey, a
lineal descendant Of John Knox and
president Of Princeton College when
he affixed his name to the Magma
Charta, and James Wilson Of Penn
sylvanta, an outstanding figure Of his
day. Francis Lewis, signer from
New York, was born at Glamorxan, in
Wales, and was deemed the most &C.
complished nnguist in the congress
sional body.
THE IS signers were not only a re-
markable body Of men as citizens
and patriots. but they were unusually
well educated, for even in that remote
Evening star., 1925-06-28

though it may take, as it often does,
5, 10 or more years to discover or run
down the offender
x s<';k
WHILE the case of Roy G. Gardner,
w the famous main train robber, is
not one in which the pursuit of the
accused covered any considerably ex-
tended period of time, it is remark
able in the number of sensational es-
capes which he made within period
covering little more than a year and
the equally successful efforts which
resulted in his being recaptured after
such escape.
While en- route to Mcneil Island,
Wash, penitentiary to serve a 25-year
sentence for having held up and rob-
bed a mail messenger at San Diego,
Calf, Gardner escaped from moving
train on June Z. 1920, and thereafter
Travelled extensively in Canada. He
was not captured until May 2, 1921,
having in the meantime stolen a mail
pouch at Centerville, Iowa, and held
Evening star., 1925-06-28

1923 there were hold-ups. with %
arrests and but / case in which
neither arrest nor recovery was made.
Losses from the holdup of mail
trains and other postal agencies are
infinitesimal compared to the millions
and millions of dollars worth of Sc
curities intrusted to the care of the
Government in registered packages
which are delivered safely" Mr.. Sim
mons declared. During the war prac-
tically $50 900. 900 900 worth of Liberty
bonds was handled in the mails with
out the loss of a single dollar in value.
The Government itself transmits over
500. 100000 postage stamps through
the mail every year without mourning
the loss of as much as a 2-cent stamp.
The criminal world has a whole
some fear of post Office inspectors,
he added, due to the reputation of
these inspectors for keeping at it
long after most officers Of the law
are willing to quit and forget. The
ideal here is that the United States
mail is such sacred institution that
no tampering with it or fraudulent
use of 1t shall go unpunished, even
Evening star., 1925-06-28

Y the 149th birthday Of the
Nation, which will be COM
memorated next Saturday,
hundreds Of orators through.
Evening star., 1925-06-28
BY MARGARET b. DOWNING.

~ N the 149th birthday of the
Nation, which will be COM
memorated next Saturday,
~ hundreds of orators through
out the land will place before
their audiences pictures Of those 56
men who on July 4. 1875, affixed
their names to the Declaration Of In
dependence and thus laid the founda-
ton stone of a state which commands
world. That giant of eloQuence,
Daniel Webster, perhaps has pre-
sented their characters and achieve
ments more luminously than any be-
fore or since his day. They are
dead" he said in his eulogy Of the last
signer, Charles Carroll OF Carrollton.
but little there is of the great and
good that can die! To their country.
they yet live and will live forever
They will live in all that perpetuates
the memory Of men on earth: In the
recorded proofs of their own great
actions, in the offspring Of their in
tellect, in deep engraved lines of pub
lie gratitude and in the homage and
respect Of all mankind. They live in
their example and in the influence
which their lives and efforts, their
principles and opinions now exercise
and will continue to exercise on the
affairs of men not only In their own
country, but throughout the world" :"
In the individual sense, the members
of that immortal Congress were the
most remarkable political body which
the annals of the world can show. In
each Of the fiery zeal of the patriot
was tempered by the inherent virtues
Of the man. Not one of those flfty.six
heroes betrayed his trust, q phenome-
nal record in the pages Of history. All
the signers stood firm. Some were
imprisoned and died as the result Of
their sufferings, many were inpover-
ished and many stood within the
shadow Of death. All were tempted,
Just as all felt the menacing wrath
which seemed powerful enough to
grasp and crush them. Not one died
with a stain on his name.
X n X +
|0F the Sc members of tho Conti-
~ mental Congress who signed the
charter of liberty, 4S, or six-sevenths
of the total, were born on the soil for
the well being of which they pledged
their lives. their fortunes and their
sacred honor. Eighteen Of the signers
were born in the Southern colonies, is
in the Eastern, or New England, Sec
ton, and IA in the Middle. Twenty
one signed from the South. the same
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
NEW YORK COMMISSION
 PENALIZES TWO BOXERS
Lew Tender and Jack Ziyic Placed in "Durance Vile" for Six
 Months,

New York, Jan. 22.-The penalty
 for boxing Mickey Walker, world welterweight champion who is in
 disfavor with the New York state .athletic commission, will be six months suspension in this state, the commission determined yesterday. This measure will go into effect im- mediately and will be retroactive.
 Under the new ruling Bobby Bar rett, of Philadelphia, and Jock Ma lone, of St. Paul, Minn., who have been under the ban in this state for engaging in a match with Walker, will be reinstated together with their managers. and Lew Tendler, of Philadelphia, and Jack Zivic, of Pittsburgh, will be placed under the ban.
 ? Walk Miller, manager of Tiger Flowers, Atlanta, Gd, negro. who was knocked out by Jack Delaney at Madison Square Garden last Fri day, complained to the commission of a foreign substance in Delancys glove which he alleged Drought" about the knockout" Commissioner Brewer said Miller conferred with him on Monday but that the evi- dence failed to substantiate Millcr's charges. Brewer told Miller that prompt action would be taken if he could furnish proof of his asser- tions. a
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
New Baseball Stadium
 For Toronto Planned

Toronto, Ont, Jan. 22.-A new sta dium for the Toronto International League baseball team on the harbor commissions property was practical ly assured yesterday when an or&er- in-council was passed at Ottawa handling over eight acres of landsfor the purpose. The present ball grounds are located on Hanlan's Point and have 10 be reached from the city by ferry. This inconven- fence has been suggested as the req son for small crowds at the games. The new grounds are on the edge of the harbor near the center of the city and belong to the federal gov crnment.
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
ALL-STARS
 WIN FROM TROOP 4
Stanley Quarter Crew Runs Up Early Lead and Manages To Maintain
 It Despite Scouts Rally

Troop went down before the Belvidere All-Stars, S1-25, in a rough game at the Boys club last night, although the Scouts showed much improvement in shooting and passing. The first quarter was one Of close guarding, the score at it's end being all. In the second per- iod Jacobi and Aronson opened fire and ran the score to 16-1O. The Scouts braced in the last two quar- ters and held the Belvidere team even, but could not overcome its lead.
 Aronson played spectacular game in every way, sinking some pretty baskets and missing many from nearly the whole length of the floor which would have been much prettier if they had been successful. Jacobi and Dcming Hewitt scored frequently. Bliss Clark, lofty center of Troop 4, got away to a bad start, but recovered himself and sank six baskets and foul. Clint Lawson, Cupid Ericsson and Lockwood also played well for the losers. The score:
 Relyilcrp AII-SfarS
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
SHOCkER CALLED GREATEST HURLER This Is What Ruppert Says of
 Latest Acquisition

New York, Jan. 22-urban Shock CT Is the greatest pitcher in baseball In the opinion of Colon4 Jacog Rup- pert. owner of the New York Yankees, who recently traded Joe Bush to the St. Louis Browns for tho star of the Mound City staff.
 Ruppert, in his first statement for publication since one of the most important of the winter deals was closed, admitted that he had. re- ceiyed numerous letters of protest at the departure of Bush.
 Don't forget that Shocker is somewhat of hitter," he said. Re member, besides, that it takes lot of stuff in man to work for sevep seasons in the hot weather of St. Louis and still pitch winning base. ball. Remember, also, that Shocker started pitching in the big leagues he broke in with us in 1917-when Bush was veteran. Bush pitched and won q world series game from the Giants for the Athletics in 1913. The four years wear and tear on a pitcher make Shocker look the bet ter from our viewpoint" t
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
HOCKEY PLAYERS WAR
Another Case of Unnecessary Rough ness At Boston Brings Down Wrath of officials.

Boston, Jan. 22.-A campaign be- gun by the Boston Athletic associa- ton to ban "homitidal hockey" was given new impetus today while q member oi the B. A. A. team, the third within week 10 be placed on the hospital list, was under care of physicians. Irving Small, veteran defense man, was severely injured in last nights game against the Berlin, N H., team here when Bill" Sharpe, Berlin defense man, struck him across the face with his stick. Small was carried from the ice and after treatment at the City hospital. was removed to his nome.
 Officials said the attack was un- provoked. Small, they said. hooked Sharpe's stick, an action for which minor penalty is usually imposed. The Berlin player retaliated by a blow which stretched the Boston player unconscious on the ice. Sharpe was sent off for the remain der of the game, and today B. A. A. officials said they would seek to have him disqualified permanently in this country and Canada.
 The club recently threatened to withdraw from the U. S. Amateur Hockey association because of in juries suffered by Leo Hughes and Howard Van Gerbig in game play cd in Pittsburgh last week against the Fort Pitt club of that city.
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
ENTERTAIN POLO PLAYERS
Birmingham Club Has Invited Rep resentatiyes of American Army to be Guests During the Games.

London, Jan. 22.--The Hurling- ham Polo Club has invited repre- sentatives of the American army to be guests of theS club during their stay in England next year, says Polo Monthly.
 Tt is expected" says the maga- zine, that the American army team will arrive in England in May, and great interest will attach to Aleir matches against the British army whom they defeated so unexpectedly in the United States last year. It is at least certain that Sir Harold Snagge will spare no effort, with the assistance of Lieutenant Colonel Scott-Duff, to give the American sol diers very agreeable time during their visit to this country. The inter- army matches at Birmingham promise to be the most attractive feature of next seasons polo.'
New Britain herald., 1925-01-22
FINNISH FLASH IN TWO MORE RECORDS Lowers World Mark in Matches
 at Newark Games
M Tho A,soclatod prcs..

By Tne Associated Press.
 Newark, N. J, Jan. 22.-Paavo Nurmi. Finnish runner, shattered two more worlds records in the two and three quarters mile special. the feature. of the St. Joseph's Catholic club games in the Newark armory last night. Nurmi ran the full dis tance in 13:OS, breaking flames kolehmainen's record of 13:03 3-5 made 13 years ago.
 Nurml also broke Kolehmainen's mark of 10:42 1-5 at 21-4 miles by 1-4 of second.
 One of the times made by the sensational Finn's noted predecessor, however, remained intact when Nur- mi was four-ffths of a second slow tn reaching the 2is mile line. Koleh- mainen established the three marks in a race in the Thirteenth Regiment armory in New York on February 1?, 1913. .Nurmi was not pressed at any time during the race despite the fact that his three opponents were given handicaps of 150 yards. He caught the field at the mile and half point and then lapped all three runners twice. He ran easily and apparent ly without effort. He appeared rest cd from his strenuous weekend and during the last two laps gave the crowded armory thrill by coming home in a dazzling sprint.
 As a result of his two new records last night, Nurmi now holds ten in- door running marks, nine of which he broke and one he established during his American campaign.