davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1925-06-19

THE end has about been reached in
making sweeping reductions in
government expenditures, such as
have been in order for the past five
years. Federal expenses have been
dropping off steadily since the war,
part of this being natural reduction
from the abnormal expenditures
necessary at that time. Preliminary
estimates of expenditures for next
year now indicate that operating ex-
penses will be greater beginning in
July 1st, 1926, than they have been
during the present fiscal year. The
Budget Bureau is still working, how
ever, to keep the cost of government
at the lowest possible figure, the
Coolidge policy being not to spend a
nickel that can be saved. A large
surplus in the treasury is again ex-
pected at the end of this month, and
it will be upon this that the Admin
istration will base its tax reduction
program in the next Congress.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
China's Warning

Unity among Chinese factions the the bloody
attacks students strikers by foreign troops and this ndca
ton solidarity the encouraging feature of the
whole situation.
its payroll the nterncene strife in China has been
brought by the nrues of the foreign masked
by fractional leader, bribed to betray his people
Dispatches report strong protests made the embassies by
both Fng Hang and Chang Tso Lin and each of these leaders
army considerable Feng called the christian gen
era but his sympathies of late have been with the Soviet
Russian policy of uniting the Chinese nation rather than with the
American interests who under the of christian mis-
sions.
Chang Lin has japanese influence with
France secondary hacker That these military leaders join
protest support the strikers Shang-
hal is indicative of the spirit first evident the revolution of
1911 in the ascendant during the world temporarily halted by
the reahery American diplomacy but rising steadily the
Russian revolution feeling pride in China Chinese achieve
men and resentment ransatng itself into action against foreign
interference in internal affairs
troops influence about
begin hoes against the supporters of the nationalist liberia
ton led by the Kuo Min Tang The correspondents of the
capitalist press practically unanimous admitting the
tools of French imperialism in for fine cleaning which
that South China following the instructions of Sun Vat
waging a disciplined struggle for freedom
The Soviet speaks authoratvey Chinese
affairs After pointing that American Imperialism
fight Japan China that present
upheava in China purely nationalist by
periat aggression and gives cold comfort the capitalist world
with the information that the real revolution will after the
robbe nations have been forced withdraw from China.
As for the japanese rulers they confronted with the
choice of abandoning their policy of force and establishing
with China and Russia Making their textile barons and
other expoiers submit Chinese law finding themselves
with nations their growing
the imperiaist nations of the
The strike boycott spreading like widfre
China and which all but the biggest merchants and landlords
joining together with the growing tendency national mill
tary solidarity are forcing Japan to a decision.
As for Americans and American missionaries business
they of China They WILL the
working class demands and enOrces the withdrawal of all
and warships
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09

the acquisition of this peninsular,
containing the strong fortress of Port
Arthur, was a blow at Russia as well
as China.
Russia now appears as the friend of
China, and backed by France, and
Germany, both aroused by the sue
cess of Japan, demanded that Lioa-
tung be given back to China What
these three powers said was 'couched
in plain terms compared with the
usual Antiquity of diplomatic eommu-
nications: -"s 1873
Such territorial acquisition consti-
tutes a menace against the capital
of China, renders korea's independ-
ence merely nominal, and leopard
lied the perpetual peace in the Far
East. AsatN0
TT was Ii Hung Chang who engineer
l. ed the interference of Russia in
the guise of friend and thus laid the
diplomatic basis for the penetration of
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09

navy. China was forced to surrender
Internationally and accept terms that
we're confession of utter helpless
ness.
China, by the terms of the treaty
recognized Definitely the full and
complete independence and autonomy
of Korea" This was the occasion for
almost delirious rejoicing on the part
of the early advocates of self-determ-
nation the world over but Japan
bound herself to nothing in this con-
nection and proceeded to make the
most of her new opportunities in
Korea.
TN addition to abandoning her soyer-
4 eighty of Korea, China was forced
to pay an indemnity Of 100000, 900,
cede the Island of Formosa and the
Peninsular of Liaotung. Liaotung is
in the extreme southern point of Man
churia, which we have already seen
was a section coveted by Russia, and
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
A Squelching Reply

The against Russia England
capitalist class few British labor leaders and intellectual
claiming be socialists miss opportunity
the workers government But of the
responsible British labor leaders friends of the Soviet Union and
the sturdy militant of those A j. Cook secretary
of the powerful miners federation
Recently the secretary of the Social Democratic Federation is
affairs The distributed
among the unions other labor bodies 1t expected
prove andOte the report of the British Trade Union Dele
CATION which such wide pOpuariy among the capitalist
class.
Angered by the action of the socialist stoopgeon the CAPT
ta class A. j. Cook scoching letter hte secretary of
the Social Democratic Federation. He says in part:
Il that you to be delighted with the capitalist
of this country every stick possible attack Soviet Russia
Surely there plenty right in this country without
concentrating your time and by attacking the Workers Gov
Russia it would be of far greater interest to
working Britain if the
Federation would its energies upon seeking
relieve the terrible conditions existing here and would help
forming organizations which would get rid capital
ism"
The Social Democratic Federation has lost all interest in free
ing the working class from slavery 1t feels home
pimping for capitalism. 81 ...s
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
Introduction to "The EnsIGUement of
China"

EVENTS of world Importance are taking place in China
that may mark the beginning of another world
struggle like that which ostensby began with the murder
Of an Austrian grand duke at Sarajevo in 1914
If a world grows out of the murder of Chinese
strikers and students by troops of the mperaist nations
will be because these nations have pursued for years
tain line of policy having its object the subsection Of the
Chinese people and the partition of China among them
selves Today they unite to crush the Chinese indepen-
dence movement but tomorrow they may be at
others throat.
lust the Balkans the key to the Near East and
power be trusted with control of these puppet
there fomented by the mperiaist nations do the
perias nations seek to divide China and
leisure The Chinese liberation movement the New China
whose foundations laid by the lifetime abors of
Vat Sen and his party the Kuo Ming Tang trying to
unite the Chinese people to rule themselves
this spells the defeat of Imperialism in the Far
THE jackas snarng and swapping at the Chinese
dragon and because the of the Chinese liberia
ton movement unity with Soviet Russian anti
mperalst bloc from the border of Poland to the Pacific
Ocean and the resultant weakening of power of inn
periasm all the world, with all this means to the
workngclass workers should know something of the
process thru which millions of white workers been
made to believe that the armed occupation China the
ants by soldiers of halfdozen nations only neces-
sary but admirable.
The following articles make no pretense to originality
They contain information compiled from different
sources number of which referred text and
intended only to give in concise form possible
history of the long series of INSCRIPTIONS inrgues
which the mperast nations have entrenched themselves
in Chinese territory and the seeds of another world
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
Minneapolis Communists Urge Unity

union movement. Instead of doing
this the socialist-labor aldermen have
been and now are concerned only with
holding their job.
The problems Of the workers are
not going to be solved merely by elect
ing a few individuals to office. And
individuals elected to Office are not
going to fight your battles unless you
have strong economic and political
organizations that will force them to
recognize your needs. The reasons that
the present socialist-labor group have
not fought for you is because they
are not under the control of any labor
organization.
Build the Labor Party.
The most urgent problem confront
ing the working class of this city and
nation at the present time is that of
organization.
The thousands Of unorganized work
ers must be brought into the trade
unions, these unions must be united
into powerful Industrial unions and a
fight on the basis of the class strug-
gle must be waged to regain the
wages, hours and working conditions
that have been lost during the "open
shop" fight. Until such time as the
workers organize their forces and
fight back, their conditions will con-
tinue to get worse.
One of the most powerful weapons
used by the capitalists is the political
power Of the state which expresses It,
self by the use of the police, the mill
tia and the courts in almost every
struggle against the workers.
In order to overcome this, the work
ers must organize labor party that
will unite all labor organizations,
economic and political, for the con-
quest of political power. This power
when obtained must be used to better
and protect the conditions of the work
ers and their interests only. The
Workers (Communist) Party pledges
itself TO the task OF uniting in such
party.
DEFEAT THE "oPEN SHOP"
6oSSESl
VOTE AND WORK FOR THE so.
cIALIsT-LABoR CANDIDATES FOR
REELECTION
JOIN THE TRADE UNION OF
YOUR TRADEl ~
AMALcAMATE THE CRAFT
UNIONS INTO INDUSTRIAL UN.
loNsl BUILD THE LABOR PARTYi
JOIN THE WORKERS (coMMUN-
1877 PARTY AND AID IN THE
FIGHT TO REALIZE THE ABOVE
PROGRAM
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
ARTICLE /.


A MEXICAN, British, French, Italian
1 A and Japanese warships have sail
ed into Chinese ports, landed armed
forces and have killed workers and
students for making peaceful mass
protest against foreign robbers.
China, nation of 100000 peo-
pie, with a civilization antedating
that of the west by 1000 years, ap-
parently has no rights that the i'm
perialist nations are bound to respect
By the capitalist press of the world
this state of affairs is accepted as
normal.
How has 1t come about? BY whai
processes Of diplomacy, investment,
trickery and force has China been
forced into the position Of a colony
with not one, but host, of rulers?
The relations of China with other
nations became critical enough to at
tract world attention in the early SOS
when the aggressive policy Of Japan,
having as its chief objective the
seizure of Korea, forced other imper-
ialist powers to consider carefully
their future course towards China.
DUT long before then, in the late
II SO's and eliminating in the "opi-
UNI war" which ended with the treaty
of 1912 and the establishment of Kong
Kong as a British port, Great Britain
had been putting pressure upon the
Chinese nation.
France also had ambitions in China
and had been designated by the Vati-
can as the protector of catholic mis-
sionaries in the Far East. Between
and the missionaries, French field
of enterprise, China led a miserable
existence. Any resentment of the in
reference of the missionaries and
the opium peddlers with the internal
affairs of China brought French and
British gunboats and reprisals.
IN 1SSS-S4 war broke out between
L France and China, provoked by the
constant and growing arrogance of the
missionaries, encouraged by the
French who wanted pretext to grab
some territory and establish per-
manent base in eastern Asia.
This war ended by China ceding
AMMAN and Tongking to France.
In the meantime Russia had been
pushing into China from Turkestan
and Manchuria, threatening her from
the north and northwest.
The United States adopted friend
ly' attitude towards China but this
did not prevent her, together with
Great Britain, from persuading Korea
to sign a separate treaty and thus
indirectly strengthen the drive Japan
was making to wrest Korea from
China.
TN 1882 China sent Yuan Shi Kai with
4 a force Of 5000 men to Korea to
check Japanese aggression. The re-
lations with Japan grew more strain
ed while Russia, also with her eyes on
Korea, became more arrogant to-
wards both oriental nations.
In 1894 Japan declared war on
China, defeated her and took her
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
Continued from page u

CONTINUED from page ~
in a determined effort to regain con.
troll of the city council. In order to
accomplish this end thousands Of dol
lars are being spent in all the labor
wards.
They are concentrating all of their
efforts on the aldermanic fights be-
cause they already have the mayor
both Leach and Elwell represent the
financial interests of this city so ii
does not matter to the bosses which
one is elected.
If this open shop" crowd is success
full next Monday, they will use their
control of the city government against
the workers. A renewed effort will be
made to reduce wages in all indus
tries. Hours of labor will be lengthen-
ed and working conditions will be
worsened. If the workers strike against
these attacks the city police force un'
der the control of the mayor, backed
up by an "open shop" city council,
will be used to drive you back into the
shops under the terms ofsthe boss.
Defeat the "open Shop"
This gang must be defeated in this
election and the only way they can be
defeated is by all workers organiza-
lions uniting behind the SOCIALIST
LABOR aldermanic candidates for re-
election.
Your class interests in this election
demand that you vote for the follow
ing socialist-labor aldermanic candi
dates in each of the wards listed
First Ward, Richard Dunleavy; Third
Ward, G. T. Lindsten; Sixth Ward
John Peterson; Ninth Ward, A. r.
Voelker; Tenth Ward, George Guider;
Eleventh Ward, Louis Beneke; and
the Twelfth Ward-Theodor Jensen
In urging you to work and vote for
these candidates, the Workers Party
does so merely because they are the
lessor of two evils. During the two
years that these have been in office
they have not fought for your needs
as representatives Of labor should
They have played petty politics with
the reactionary city officials when
they should have been out in the open
exposing them. When the Citizens
Alliance started their attack against
the workers with the intention OF
destroying your unions, reducing your
wages. lengthening hours and worsen
ing working conditions, these labor
councilmen should have used their
time and energy 70 rally the workers
for a counter attack against the
BOSSES They should have aided In
preserving and building the trade
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
TEACHERS FIGHT
OVERTIME WORK
in N. Y. SCHOOLS
Superintendent Orders
Playground Duty

NEW YORK, June T. The New
York Teachers Union charge that the
voluntary playground plan" would
lead to compulsion of teachers to do
duty in school yards before and after
school hours is proving correct, ac-
cording to the unions communication
to the board of education. In one
district the local superintendent calls
for $50 volunteers, about % per cent
of the teaching force, the union
claims, and asks principals to bring
the names of teachers to the monthly
conference.
The principal of one school posts an
instruction sheet which plainly states
that he has not had sufficient volun-
teers and ito carry out the directions
Of the city superintendent l shall be
obliged to assign as follows" with a
list of teachers names. Similar as
signments to playground duty were
made in other schools.
The Teachers Union stand is not
against opening school yards for play
grounds but rather that they be ade-
quately supervised by playground spe-
cialists and that the plan of getting
teachers for overtime duty will lead
the way to requiring them to work in
summer vacations.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09

ment productive power as a general
principle.
$50 far as ownership is concerned"
says Green, ''it cannot be determined
in advance that any specific type of
ownership will under all conditions
give invariable results. The decision
upon ownership ought to be made with
reference to each power undertaking
after an examination of conditions
and factors to be dealt with"
When the railway workers asked
the A. F. of l.. to endorse their pro-
gram of public ownership and demo-
cratic operation of railroads, in the
1920 convention, Green made vigor-
Gus speech upholding their right to
have labor back them up in what
seemed best to safeguard their indus
trial progress and the progress of the
country as to transportation. He point
ed out that the coal miners claimed
the same right, and that no govern
ment agency ever had failed to be cal
led in to repress the workers under
private ownership and operation Of
railroads or mines.
With his own statement to the Mus
Gle Shoals commission Green enclosed
the resolution adopted at the Portland
convention in 1928, endorsing Co
ordinated public development and con-
troll OF water resources. for the serv-
ice of the people at cost"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
The Riffan Victory

Reading between the lines Of Paris dispatch the hoities
in Morocco it difficult the conclusion that the
French suffered defeat the hands Of the
Rifians
The French government refuses publish casualty list but in
the usual fashion attributes all the losses their opponents That
the making progress there doubt It
obvious that the French losses very heavy else there would be
purpose served in keeping them hidden
appears the Rans found themselves strong
take the offensive and have launched attack the French posi-
lions with the object Of capturing Fe Even French bulletins admit
that the Morocan have gained ground tho the claim made that
the French have recovered the lost positions.
With shaky government at home financial crisis and
pcaons with Britain Germany and the United States France is
condition quidate her trouble In Morocco and
the Rans have seized golden moment to rid their country Of the
formidable invader. More power to them.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
The EnsIaven1er1t of China

China by Russia which followed.
Speaking of conversation he had
with John w. Foster, an American
diplomat who sided with Lii Hung
Chang in the Sino-Japanese negotia-
tions, H. H, Morse says: C'The Inter-
national Relations of the Chinese EN-
pre-" Vol. 8, Page 47) Mr. Foster
declares that he first heard of the de-
mand during his stay in Picking. April
"a to May 2, and that Iii Hung Chang
waited anxiously for some indication
from Russia, but none was received
by him until we reached Tientsin on
our return" This disposes of any
possibility of any direct assurance
having been given; but none the less,
the viceroy iii Hung Chang) must
have had a reasonable expectation
that the action would be taken.
TOHN w. FOSTER had this to say
of the incident which was the first
direct step towards the Russo-Japan-
ese war that ended so disastrously for
Russia: ~
have reason to believe that the
demand for territory on the main.
land Of China was contrary to the
better Judgement Of Marquis ito =.
In my conversations with Count
Mutsu, ! told him that | was salts
fled Russia would not permit Japan
to occupy the mainland so threaten
ingly close to Peking, and that it
was not good policy to insist upon
! it. diplomatic Memoirs" Vol. 2,
Page 1887
Japan by her victory over China,
the acquisition of the Chinese navy
and Formosa, giving her a strategic
position from which to dominate the
province of Fukien, had also secured
foothold of major Importance on the
Chinese mainland by which she could
harass and check the advance of Rus
| STA, her most dangerous rival at the
time, altho in 1897 under the pressure
of Russia, France and Germany she
relinquished Liaotung-only to seize
it again in 1905.
| Japan had become a world power.
There were other consequences of
the war and the peace. The necessity
of finding funds for the huge indem-
nifty provided for in the peace terms
forced China to turn to western cap
italists for loans.
France and Russia loaned her $780,
100000. British and German finan-
ciers loaned her $160,O00,00O. The
British government played it's usual
role of guardian of British investors
and took the customs duties collected
at sea ports as security with the fur
Their provision an Englishman should
be collector of customs as long as
British trade was the largest coming
thru Chinese ports.
The immediate result of this provi-
sion was to make it a first order of
business for Japan to overtake and
pass Great Britain in the race for
Chinese markets and thus deprive
Great Britain of the favored position
which her grip on the Chinese re-
venues gave her.
THESE loans were the beginning of
4 policy which made China de-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-06-09
By VIM. F. Dunno

pendent almost entirely upon foreign
inance-a policy that enslaves the
Chinese people to this day.
Russia, as the rival to Japan in the
north, and because of her supposedly
friendly intentions in China, succeed
ed in securing by treaty the lease Of
Port Arthur and Dairen-the best for
titled base on the Chinese coast. In
other words, Russia secured the very
territory that she had forced Japan
to let go of.
All the great powers had, since the
time China had been forced to pawn
herself to western bankers, worked
increasingly for just such strategic
bases as Russia had secured.
Germany was the initiator of this
policy and in 1897, when two German
catholic missionaries were killed, she
not only collected the usual punitive
indemnity but brought pressure to
bear on the Chinese government to
cede Kiaochow for period of SO
years. Included in the lease was the
port of Tsingtao which Germany
began to develop and fortify.
ElRANCE was not idle. On May 81,
4 1898, she secured a lease of the
harbor of Kwangtung, on the southern
coast of the province of Canton, for
80 years.
The astute Britons, egged on by
, jealousy of the Russian success and
envy of France, increased the pres
sure on China and on July 1 of the
same year leased Weihaiwei, Shan
tung province, "for as so long a period
as Port Arthur shall remain in the
occupation of Russia" (China, Capt
i've or Free" Page Gilbert Reid
The acuteness of the imperialist RI
valries resulting in these onslaughts
on China's territorial integrity are
best shown by this last move of Great
Britain. The port of Weihaiwei is
opposite Port Arthur, on the opposite
side of the Pehchili Gulf and also OPP
posite to Tsingtao on the Shantung
peninsula.
Great Britain thus served notice on
both Germany and Russia that she
was in China to stay, to protect to
the utmost her great financial inter
ests and her favored position as the
collector of Chinese customs reve-
nues.
| CHINA was being rapidly cut up
~ into sections dominated by some
one great power The ceding of these
fortified bases, with the control Of
the adjacent seacoast which they
gave, marked the elimination of an
other policy of Imperialism, that of
locating socalled spheres of influ-
ence'' of which we hear much these
days but which was first brought to
the attention of China by France after
the war of 1SS3-S4.
The beginning of the spheres of
influence" policy or as it was first
called, the sphere of interest" toge-
Their with it's affect on the Chinese
nation, will be dealt with in another
article