davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Understood Pullets Are
Low Producers of Eggs

Unlike chickens, turkeys do not lay
during the winter and therefore no
nests need to- be provided for them
until spring. Then, II at liberty and
left to their own resources, they some
times select locations for their nests
that are much more suitable to the
turkeys than to the owner. Often
they are in such secluded places that
the eggs are liable to get lost, chilled
or broken.
Hence it is often advisable to place
nests here and there about the place.
Old barrels turned toward fence or
placed in a bush heap, or in the cor
ner of a board pile and bedded with
leaves or old hay with china egg or
two, will sometimes prove tempting.
Old boxes with nests in them, placed
in out-of- the-way corners or simply
nests of hay containing china eggs in
corners of the shed will prove satisfac-
tory.
If any Of these places are adopted
by the turkey she will lay there and
the eggs may be taken care OF Until
she wants to sit. If the weather Is
cold the good eggs may be gathered
and china eggs put in their places.
The same thing may be- done IT they
are in danger of being destroyed by
rats, crows, or other varmints. How
ever, it is never advisable to use new
barrels or boxes, or anything which
suggests the hand of man when max
ing nests to attract the turkeys.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Farming Becoming More
Difficult, Says Expert

According to Director Sidney B. Has
kell Of the Massachusetts experiment
station, farming is becoming more diff
cult, due to higher market standards,
soil fertility problems, insect pests,
plant and animal diseases, and COM
petition with the factory which has
brought Gbout shorter working day.
This increasing difficulty works to the
advantage Of the educated farmer.
The future Of farming looks bright
because Of the increasing population,
because there are no longer great
areas Of untitled soil in the West, and
because the Middle West and South
are now passing through the same era
of industrialization which the East has
already had.
Each section of the country must
adapt itself more Id more to that type
of agriculture that best fits It's market
and transportation facilities, It's Soil
and it's climatic conditions, and la or
der to compete on the market at the
price set by the large producing areas,
farmers must reach certain standards
of efficiency per acre, per dollar and
per man.
More and more attention must be
given to good seed, productive live
stock. economical use of labor and to
the application of proper fertilizers In
sufficient quantity to give the greatest
profit.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Alfalfa Is Replacing
Timothy in Cow Ration

alfalfa Is finding permanent
place on many wisconsin FARMS" de-
clares L. f. GRADER, agronomist Of the
Wisconsin College Of Agriculture, "but
1t is not replacing the large acreage OF
timothy and other grasses as rapidly
as 1t should"
Farmers have hesitated In growing
alfalfa because they have not had suf-
ficient knowledge Of the cultural prac-
tees Of this wonderful legume, Is the
opinion of GRADER. Only within the
past year has alfalfa taken rapid
step forward. Dairy farmers are real-
izing that in order to make dairying q
profitable business, they must find a
dependable crop, one that can be
grown from year to year, and aid In
cutting down their feed bills. They
want to replace the timothy and wild
grasses which now make up over
three-fourths Of the roughage used In
ratfons on Wisconsin dairy farms.
Because of it's resistance to drought,
it's wide range Of soil and climatic
conditions, its large yields per acre,
alfalfa has advantages over any other
crop as a solution to the dairy farm
er's problem.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Standard Bred Poultry
Should Always Be Used

In reply to the question, What Is
the best breed of chickens? the an
swer is, "There is no best breed"
There is often a greater difference be-
tween strains Of the same breed than
there is between different breeds. From
the 46 breeds and 125 varieties of
chickens recognized by the American
Standard of Perfection 1t should be
easy to suit every one, no matter how
discriminating. In choosing a breed or
variety Of chickens three things should
influence the breeder. First, the avail
ability and adaptabtlity of the breed;
second. personal preference; and third,
choosing breed or variety suitable to
the purpose for which it Is to be used.
In any case decide on standard breed
because they are more efficient and
profitable. Products from such flock
are uniform. There is nothing in the
popular idea that cross breds lay bet
ter or are healthier than standard
bredS.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
FARM :
POULTRY
EGG PRODUCTION IS
AIDED BY DRY MASH

One Of the most common mistakes
which many poultry keepers make Is
to leave the dry mash out of the ra-.
ton which they feed their laying
hens. The most common mistake OF
those who feed mash is that they
leave animal food out Of the mash.
To obtain economical egg produc-
ton without a well-balanced mash Is
an uphill proposition. The principal
reason for this Is that hen will eat
more feed when a portion Of 1t Is fed
In the form of a dry mash. When
mash is fed the hens. will hold up In
production longer, as 1t Improves
their physical condition and prevents
early Noting, which throws them out
of laying condition. A well-balanced
mash also helps the hens to mott
quickly when the proper time comes.
A dry mash without animal food,
such as tankage or meat scraps, or a
substitute for such food in the form
Of skim milk, buttermilk, powdered
milk, evaporated milk, ETC., Is but lit
tie better than no mash at all. Yhose
who feed a mash Of ground corn and
oats without protein feed might just
about as well not feed mash at all.
For those who have not been using
dry mash 1t Is suggested that they
try the following simple mixture: 100
pounds ground corn, 100 pounds ground
oats, 100 pounds wheat middlings and
100 pounds of meat scraps or tank
age If plenty Of skim milk or but
termilk Is available, put only 5O
pounds of the meat scraps or tankage
in the mixture. For the scratch feed
use mixture of 200 pounds corn, 100
pounds oats and 100 pounds of wheat.
Feed the dry mash in hopper from
which the hens can eat at any time.
Feed about one-third of the scratch
feed in the morning and the remain
der Just before roosting time Adjust
the amount Of scratch feed SO that the
hens will eat at least one and one
half pounds of the mash to two
pounds Of the scratch feed. If the
hens do not take readily to the dry
mash, feed a portion of it at noon In
a slightly dampened, crumbly condi-
ton. A ration Of this kind, supple
mented by some succulent food, such
as sprouted oats, will make the birds
lay If they are reasonably well bred.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
FarnEIMl|,tl.''...
1o1rllaLlnIltfnzlfmu.LlgR:-ss....- ..

Select the best eggs for Matching.
Top-dress small grain with nitrate
of soda.
Pillow every day the ground is dry
enough.
Order any repair parts needed for
farm implements.
High quality in seeds is worth
more than it costs.
Clean up around edges of fields and
other places where needed.
A termination test on seed corn
makes pretty good insurance policy.
AS bad accounts bankrupt BUSH
ness, so worthless cows will break a
dairyman.
That ounce of prevention--look up
the latest control measures for in
sect pests. and plan for them before
hand.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Orchard Fertilization,
Pruning and Spraying

In almost all sections of the country
where there is any fruit grown, there
are rundown orchards that can be
made profitable by pruning, spraying
and fertilization. AS an example Of
what can be accomplished along the
dimes of orchard improvement, a recent
report of the York county farm bureau,
New York, is Of interest. In IA demon
STATIONS, applications Of 4.93 pounds
of sodium nitrate per tree increased
the yield in fruit SO barrel per tree.
The value of this increase was $2.47,
and the cost of the fertilizer 81 cents,
leaving an average increased net valve
of 1925 per tree.
In the IA demonstrations, 654 trees
were fortified, and the increased value
of the fruit over the cost of the fer
tilzer was $1,47s.04.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Excellent Supplements
T1oo1.ooco Flow 90 MIL

A44OA SS$OO - ~ w III 4fAAAAA
If COWS have not been fed sufficient
protein to meet the requirements for
their milk production, the addition Of
cottonseed meal will probably increase
the amount Of milk which they will
produce and consequently the amount
of butterfat the cows produce. Cows
that are not giving any more than to
IL gallons Of milk, or one-half pound
of butterfat per day, can get what nu-
trients they need by eating all the al
falfa hay and silage that they want.
Cows producing more than this amount
of milk will need some grain to sup
port their milk production. The fol-
lowing grain ration, fed in the proper
ton of 1 pound of the grain to each 4
pounds of milk the cows produce, will
do very we'll: Six hundred pounds Of
corn chop, 200 pounds of bran and 100
pounds of cottonseed meal. If the
COWS test more than 4 per cent they
should be fed this grain mixture in the
proportion of pound to each pounds
of milk that they produce.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19

To enable farmers to secure good
male birds for breeding purposes
system of certified flocks is planned.
These fiocks will be carefully culled,
records will be kept and male birds
from high egg production stock only
will be produced. The flocks will be
kept free from disease and every effort
will be made to raise only the highest
quality breeding birds.
A further step in advance will be the
establishment of semi-official egg
production records similar to COW test
ing records now recognized by dairy.
men. These records will be made by
trapnesting all birds In the flocks on
test under the supervision Of an official
trapnester who Is selected by the state
for this work. He will make regular
unannounced visits to all focks in the
Record of Performance association and
check up the trapnest records for the
day. A daily record Of each bird will
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Prune Grape Vines
for Best Results
Work Usually Done While
Plants Are Dormant.

Bearing grape vines must be pruned
every year If profitable yield is to be
secured.
This work Is usually done while the
vines are still dormant, advises ]. III.
Clark, instructor In fruit growing at
the New Jersey State College of Ag-
riculture. "A heavy pruning is neces-
sary to stimulate vigorous wood
growth, to keep the plant within
bounds, and to leave only as many
buds as can produce good-sized clus-
tiers.
1.-THE amount of old wood left at
pruning time should be no more than
is necessary to act as a support to che
producing canes. In the Kniffen sys-
tenn of training. which is recommended
for New Jersey, single trunk ex-
tends to the top wire Of the tvo-wire
trellis. Four vigorous. one-year-old
canes, little above the average IL
length and starting as near the trunk
as possible, are selected to produce the
crop. These should be so located that
one cane can be tied In each direction
along each wire. Each of these canes
Is cut back to eight or ten buds, de-
pending on the vigor Of the vine, max
ing a total Of 80 to 40 buds on the en-
tire plant.
"This number Of buds distributed
over four canes will produce more
fruit than the same number Of buds
on spurs, each bearing only two to
four buds Since the canes which bear
fruit one year are removed the next,
some provision must be made for re-
newal. This is provided for by select
ing four other canes as close as pos
sible to where renewal canes will be
wanted year later, and cutting them
back to spurs of two buds each. All
remaining canes are then removed en-
tirely.
"These recommendations can easily
be applied to other systems of train
ing. The removal Of as much old wood
as possible and keeping 80 to 40 buds
on four or five one-year-old canes to
produce the crop are the essential
points"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19

err, eggplant, cabbages and radishes.
Those which contain the largest per-
centage of starch and sugar are peas,
artichokes, yams, corn, potatoes, lima
beans and sweet potatoes
Some Loss in Cooking
When vegetables are baked sor
broiled or roasted in bulk before the
open frey most OF the mineral matter
and vitamins A and B are saved. Some
of vitamin G is also saved. When the
skin Of the vegetables is eaten, no min
eral matter is lost
The boiling of vegetables causes a
loss into the water Of both vitamins
and mineral matter. More mineral
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
FARM N'N QTEESs

Chickens need sunlight to prevent
ricketts,.
Get spraying and busting machines
in perfect order.
Planning the home grounds should
precede planting in the spring.
Beekeepers should plan their sea-
sons work. and get everything In
readiness.
In planning and planting this year
keep in mind that only quality COM
mands q sure market.
Buy legume seed and prepare to
plant several acres per pillow to turn
under for soil improvement.
When June grass pasture becomes
dry. 1t Is necessary to feed ensilage
70 supply the succulence. This Is sell
dom necessary with sweet clover pas
tur0.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Common Burberry
Is Readily Killed
Shrub Is Responsible for
Spread Of Stem Rust.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
The common barberry, which Is re-
sponsible for the spread Of the black
stem rust disease Of small grain is
very difficult to kill by digging but Is
readily killed by certain chemicals,
says the United States Department Of
Agriculture. Fragments of roots
smaller than lead pencil left In the
digging operation frequently have been
known to sprout, and even small chips
from the crown may do so when con-
ditions are favorable. The use Of
chemicals does away with this diff
Guilty and Is strongly recommended
wherever other plants will not be en-
dangered and where a slight steriliza-
ton Of the soil for few years will not
be objectionable.
The department has tested many
chemicals In the effort to find the best
means Of killing the barberries. Sew
eral have been found which are effec-
tive, and the use Of two Of these, com.
mon salt and kerosene, is described In
Department Circular 1872, just issued
by the United States Department OF
Agriculture.
From to 10 pounds Of dry salt Is
sufficient to kill bushes having group
Of shoots at the base Of from to IL
inches in diameter. The plants may be
cut down or left standing, but the salt
should surround all shoots and care
should be taken to surround any out
lying shoots as we'll If there Is dan
ger of the salt being disturbed by live
stock, it may be covered by dirt or
stones or brush, etc. The treatment
is successful at any time Of the year
when the ground is not frozen.
Kerosene Is used to kill the bushes
by applying at the base In such
manner that it vets the base Of every
shoot and also the ground for or 4
inches around each shoot. The amount
necessary varies from quarts for a
bush having group Of shoots 9 inches
In diameter to / gallon for bush with
a 12-inch base. This treatment Is sue
cessful IL applied at any time during
the growing season, but the action OF
| kerosene Is slow and immediate results
should not be expected. An advantage
of kerosene over salt Is In the fact that
live stock need not be kept away from
the treated bushes.
A copy Of the circular may be Sc
cured free upon request from the
United States Department of Agricul-
| ture, Washington, D. @.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
POULTRY TESTS LIKE
THOSE FOR THE cow


The year 1925 will be banner one
in poultry progress if plans which are
now being worked out by leading poul-
trymen in the state are carried through.
These plans provide for compre-
hensive campaign Of flock improvement
with much emphasis being placed upon
higher egg production. This is to be
brought about by system of state
recognition Of the better breeders who
are producing heavy egg producing
strains of layers and the dissemination
Of this information to prospective pur-
chasers Of chicks, stock or eggs, ac-
cording to Fl. M. Lackie, poultry spe-
cialist, state department of markets.
The breeder of dairy cattle can tell by
an examination of the pedigree and
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Pasturing Sweet Glover
During Second Season

Sweet clover, the, second season,
should be pastured as soon as an anil
NAL is able to get mouthful and
should be grazed heavily, according to
specialists Of the Kansas State Agri-
cultural college.
If a seed crop is desired, grazing
should cease the last of June or the
first Of July and the crop should be
allowed to make seed. Harvesting
should be done September 1, OF be-
fore. Close grazing is not likely to
hurt sweet clover AS matter Of
fact, it benefits the following seed
crop, where seed is desired, by fore
ing the plant to make fine, bushy
growth, instead of coarse, upright
growth.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19

matter is lost when the vegetabl IS are
boiled in large amount of water than
when they are boiled in small amount
of water When vegetables are cut 4.
small sections and soaked before boil
ing, a large amount Of mineral matter
is lost. The loss of vitamin B and min
eral matter may be overcome If the
water In which the vegetables have
been boiled is used for soups and
sauces.
Steamed vegetables lose some of
vitamins B and G, but they do not suf-
fer as much loss as boiled vegetables.
However, the loss may be as much as
in the boiling process If the cover of
the dish allows the water to condense
on the food.
All the vitamins but G may be saved
If the vegetables are cooked quickly in
hot fat. Vegetables which are cooked
on a dish coated in fat may not lose
any of the mineral matter or vftamins
except G.
Picked vegetables lose protein, min
eral matter and vitamins in the proc
ess. In stewing In the open kettle the
value of vitamin @ is affected.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Need HOMEGROWN
Seed for Success
Italian and Chilean Varieties
Prove Unsatisfactory
in Most Parts.
prepared by tina United States Department.
of Agriculture,)

prepared by thu United States Department
of Agriculture)
More general use of homegrown
clover seed, In the opinion of the
United States Department Of Agricul-
ture, would do more than any other
one thing toward solving the problem
Of red clover failure in this country.
If methods can be found by which
small acreages OF domestic red-clover
seed can be conveniently harvested
and hulled for home use, more depend
ence could be put upon the supply Of
homegrown seed and less would need
to be imported.
Glover Turned Under.
It Is known, says the department,
that throughout the country, east of
the Allegheny mountains at least,
there are every. year thousands of
acres of good second-growth clover
that Is turned under instead of being
harvested for seed, because In those
neighborhoods no hullers are to be had
and the farmer Is not able to harvest
and save the seed economically. If
seed, the drain on the market stocks
represented by their requirements
would be materially decreased, and
the seed produced in the states where
it is grown commercially would be
more nearly adequate to supply the
demand.
For at least fifteen years the United
States has been a heavy importer of
red-clover seed. Most Of this seed has
come from Italy and France. Evidence
Is accommodating to show that the
Italian seed is not satisfactory for use
in America. Cooperative trials which
the department has been conducting
with experiment stations in the Mid
die West have shown that the plants
from Italian seed are much more likely
to winterkill than those from Ameri-
can seed, that they are more suscepti-
BILE to certain diseases and that they
often give a smaller crop even when
the stand Is otherwise apparently sat
isfactory
Unsatisfactory Seed.
AS far as the Investigations Of the
department have progressed it was
found that Italian seed is practically
everywhere, unsatisfactory and that
French and Chilean seed, while CIV
ing good yields IN some parts, is I'M
satisfactory in Iowa, Minnesota and
elsewhere where the winters are Sc
we're.
Means Of harvesting and saving the
seed from the numerous small acre
ages of red clover instead Of import
ing seed would do much to bring the
clover crop back into dependable
part Of the rotation. Red clover Is
par excellence the restorative crop for
rotations in the corn belt, says the
department, but continued failures of
the crop have caused steady decline
in acreage. This decline in acreage
over a long period of years has ad-
versely affected the yields OF all other
crops involved In the rotation.
The Importance Of homegrown seed
Is especially great In the southern and
southeastern part of the clover belt,
where the anthracnose disease Is COM
mon and often very destructive. Here
plants that survive and produce seed
are quite likely to have some degree
Of resistance to the disease.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19

the record of the ancestry Of an ami
NAL something of the individual worth.
Such thing is impossible In the case
Of the poultryman at present. Poultry
production in Wisconsin has now be-
come Of such Importance that more at
tention is being given to the production
of better bred birds for egg laying and
farmers in the state are asking how
and where to secure such stock.
The plans under way provide for an
extension of the accredited hatchery
system and an improvement Of quality
In baby chicks. Much has been accom-
plished along this line already, and
Wisconsin Is now recognized as the
leading state in She production Of re-
liable chicks.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
Mold in Dat Sprouter

The easiest method Of stopping mold
in the oat sprouter Is to add ten drops
of formalin to the water that Is used
to soak six quarts of oats or a similar
proportion to other amounts The
formalin does not injure the feeding
qualities Of the oats, but helps to
check the mold. In addition to the use
of formalin, care should be exercised
In keeping the containers sweet by
cleaning. The use of only heavy cats
will remove many which will not
sprout.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-03-19
When Mammoth Clover Is
Wanted for Seed Only

When mammoth clover is wanted
for seed it is well to either pasture
the field until about the first of June
or clip it, leaving the clippings on
the field to act as mulch. II short OF
pasture use this field Of clover early
In the season for that purpose. How
ever, If the fertility Of the soil is OF
most Importance, let the clover grow,
then in June roll or pole 1t down.
going around the field in the same
direction that the mower will go. The
heads Of the clover will straighten up
and the seed crop can be harvested
without handling so much straw. BY
this method a heavy growth Of or
ganic matter is left on the ground to
be turned under when the ground Is
olowed for corn.