Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1925-01-02
FOREIGN AFFAIRS

lament, the Labor government OF
Great Britain functioned through most
of the year 1t took office on January
% with Ramsay Macdonald as prime
minister. Its policies were fairly mod
crate, but several of its bills were
beaten, notably those for the aid o.
the poor and for the naturalization Of
mines 1t did not resign because no
party then had q majority in parlia-
ment. However, tie people rebelled
gainst the treaties with soviet Rus
ia which Macdonald negotiated, and
n October the house of commons
r-'sed him vote of confidence. Par
nrvn; was at once prorogued and
general election set for October
At the polls the Conservatives
III. NJ Overwhelming vintpry, getting
-.o Of Inc cl5 seats in the house. The
Liberal party seemed almost wiped
out and the Laborites suffered heavy
losses. Stanley Baldwin was selected
TO be prime minister again and on No
yember 6 his government took Office.
To the great relief Of France, Austen
Chamberlain was made foreign secre-
tary instead of Lord Curzon. Winston
Churchill, a free trader and deter
mined foe OF socialism, was named
chancellor of the exchequer.
England's most serious trouble in
Fernally continued TO be unemploy-
fnent. This increased through the
tear, and so, unfortunately, did the
cost of living. In February there was
4 great lockers strike which threat
aned to cut off most of the country's
food supplies. But through the efforts
of Macdonald and his colleagues it
was soon settled.
France changed her government
twice. Premier Poincare was not in
sympathy with the movement to re-
store friendly relations with Germany.
and on June he resigned. Francois
Marsal formed ministry which lasted
only a few days. and then President
MIillerand also gave up his office. The
radical Socialists-who are not so
radical there as in some countries
took charge and made Edouard Her
riot premier, after CASTOR Domergue
had been elected President. On Sep
TENDER 80 France turned out bal
anced budget for the first time in ten
years.
Austria in November lost the inval-
liable services of her chancellor, Mgr
Seipel, who resigned because of a gen.
eral railway strike for higher wages
and other unsatisfactory conditions
due largely to the greedy profiteers of
Vienna. He was succeeded by Ru-
dolph Ramek. At one time or another
during the year the governments of
Japan, Belgium, Albania, South Africa,
Yugo-Slavia, Finland and Portugal also
changed hands. Greece went further
than that. Venizelos formed q minis
try in January, was succeeded by Kar-
fanoar1s in February, and he was fol-
lowed by Papanastasion in March. On
March 20 the assembly, ignoring the
protests of Great Britain, voted to de-
pose the Glucksbourg dynasty and es-
tablish a republic, subject to a plebis-
cite. The people voted in favor of the
republic on April Is and the royal
family went into exile. Nicolai Lenin.
the master mind of soviet Russia, who
had been incapacitated for a long
dme,. died on January 81 and Alexis I.
Rykov was chosen to succeed him as
premier. The funeral of Lenin was an
extraordinary demonstration and his
tomb has become the national shrine.
The Turkish assembly voted on
March 8 to depose the caliph and abol-
ish the caliphate and next day the
caliph left for Switzerland President
Mustapha Renal worked hard for the
prosperity Of his country, but his die
tatorial methods brought about pow
erful combination of his opponents
that gave him much trouble. In No
vember this group forced the resigna-
tion Of Premier Ismet Pasha, the Pres
ident's right-hand man; he was sue
ceeded by Fethi Bey.
Arabla's radical religionists, the
Wahabis, under Ibn Saud revolted
against the rule of King Hussein of
the Hedjaz and that monarch abdi-
Gated on October at the demand of
the citizens of Mecca and Jeddah
Emfr All, his son, was put on the
throne, but had no better success than
his father, for in the middle of Octo-
Der Wahabis occupied Mecca.
Corn, rnfohcfarr xx-a1 Ifoco1x-aI
March 13 and hot campaign ensued,
the Natlonalists planning to restore
the monarchy. In the elections the
Social Democrats easily won. The
cabinet Of Chancellor Marx resigned
May 81, hut he was retained in office
Again In October the reichstag was
dissolved. Marx having failed to re-
organize the ministry satisfactorily
Thereupon he cut loose entirely from
the Nationalist. New elections were
held December Z. On November Z the
German budget was balanced for the
first time since the war. The reichs-
tag elections came on December and
the three parties supporting the repub-
lie and the Dawes plan won the most
seats. However, Chancellor Marx
found 1t so difficult to form new cabi-
net that he and his ministers resigned
on December is, carrying on until
their successors could be chosen.
The Fascist won the Italian cleo
lions on April 9, but the tide against
Fascism rose steadily. sig. Matteotti,
a Socialist deputy, was kidnapped and
hy Fascixti N lima ~ 1knA-