davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
POINTERS ON CARE
OF BABY CHICKENS
Comfortable Heat More I'm
portant to Them First "a
Hours Than Feed.


Good quarters, comfortable heat,
feed and drink and plenty of direct
sun rays are matter of life or death
and good health or poor health to
baby chicks.
"A rapid growth and the kind of a
growth that results in the best Of pro-
ducers," says G. Lampman, poultry de-
partment, Wisconsin College of Agri-
culture, cannot be obtained unless the
best and wisest care possible is given
the chicks.
Heat, to begin with, is more essen
tial than feed, as the chick when first
Matched has food enough within itself
to carry it over for a period Of "a to
Y hours after hatching.''
It must be steady and uniform
heat that will keep the little feathered
friends comfortable for the whole "a
hours Of the day and night. The av-
erage chicken raiser should not pay
SO much attention to the thermometer
as to the chicks themselves Watch
them and see whether they are COM
Portable. The thermometer stands
at about 10 degrees Fahrenheit above
the chicks heads and at 100 degrees at
the floor when the chicks are usually
quite comfortable. There are many
conditions that may enter into the
heating, such as drafts and not
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
FARM EACTSIJ>,

Exercise is important in maintain
ing brood sows in good condition.
Strong, healthy sows insure strong
healthy filters at narrowing time.
Abundant light and ventilation are
essential for cattle comfort and high
milk production Plan now to re-
model stables and provide these essen
tials.
Horses need air and action. They
will keep healthier IL they are exer-
cised every day by driving or by be-
inc allowed to run in the yard OR
pasture.
Do not neglect the ice harvest but
take advantage of the cold weather
and put up a supply of the frozen
necessity. Plenty Of Ice next summer
will keep the milk sweet until 1t
reaches the market.
Poultrymen attempting to better the
quality of stock by careful selection
and breeding should pay some atten-
tion to the selection Of breeders. Care
ful study of birds and their records
before selection Of breeding stock will
be rewarded by the better chicks next
spring.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
[ 1l[lL[IB1
COMFORTABLE HOUSE
ENCOURAGES FOWLS

The poultry house is both the home
of the hen and the factory where win
ter eggs are produced, and unless it
provides suitable living and working
conditions the hen cannot be expected
to lay we'll To be comfortable the
house must be dry, well ventilated,
well lighted and have sufficient floor
ing. Dryness Is insured by having a
good roof, keeping the floor of the
house higher than the surrounding
ground, and by providing good ventila-
tion Ventilation must supply plenty
of fresh air without drafts. This is
secured by having the south side rela-
stively open and the other three sides
absolutely tight. The Importance Of
light in the poultry house has not been
properly emphasized in the past Re-
cent experiments with artificial lights
show that by furnishing more light so
that the working period for the birds
is heightened the egg production can
be materially increased. In many
farm poultry houses no windows are
provided and the house Is in constant
twilight on cloudy days even when the
door is left open. Needless to say,
this condition does not favor activity
on the part Of the hen. TO insure good
natural light in poultry house the
openings in the walls should equal
about one-fourth Of the floor space Of
the house. At least half Of these open
ings should be for open-front ventila-
ton, and the windows should be so
arranged that the maximum amount of
sunlight will be available to the. birds.
Wherever possible windows should be
placed in the east and west ends of
the building so that the early morning
and late afternoon light will be se-
cured. To insure room for scratch
ing not only must sufficient floor space
be provided but the droppings must
be kept off the floor and deep litter
of straw or similar material be sup
piled so that the birds can be made
to scratch for their feed. TO keep
the droppings off the floor every
poultry house should be provided with
droppings platform arranged under
meath the roosts to catch the manure.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12

enough lowering of shavings on the
floor, is the opinion of the poultryman.
Heat Sources Numerous.
For the average Wisconsin farm
flock there are several possible types
of brooders Among these types are
those that are heated by electricity.
Then there are types that are heated
by the kerosene blue fame, which is
quite safe
'sWe are using the hard coal burner
type of brooders at the college poultry
yards" states Lampman, "and they
have given excellent results" The
poultryman points out that any brood
er Is very much like the incubator in
the respect that it is made to WORK
right when it is operated right.
eGive the chicks plenty ofsheat at
night urges the poultryman "as this
is the time they usually suffer from
the cold"
Many chick raisers see to 1t that
chicks are comfortable during the day
time, only to forget that the nights
are long and cold for their little fluffy
friends.
AS to the length of time that the
heat brooder should be supplied for
the chicks, that depends upon the time
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Forcing Vegetables
by Use of Hotbeds
Frame Should Be Six Feet
Wide and Any Length.

For forcing early vegetables such as
tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, ETC., the
hotbed is Indispensable. To construct
a hotbed, an eastern or southern ex-
posure should be selected The frame
should be six feet wide and any de-
sired length. The hotbed sashes are
always three feet wide and six feet
long. AS a rule for the family gar
den, hotbed six by six feet will be
sufficient. 1t would be much better,
however, to have q frame six by
twelve feet. This will afford ample
space for transplanting the plants and
give them more room to develop prop
erly, says A. e. Schilletter, extension
horticulturist at Clemson college.
The soil is excavated to a depth Of
eighteen inches and the frame built
six feet wide and desired length and
fitted over the trench The frame
should slope toward the east in order
to admit sunlight.
The bottom Of the frame is filled
with fermenting stable manure. This
should be mixed thoroughly before be-
ing placed In the frame, and packed
firmly and watered freely Immediately
afterwards. In the South twelve
inches Of manure will furnish sufR-
cient heat for hotbeds. On top Of
manure is placed six inches Of garden
soil, which has been well sifted and
is free from all roots and trash. This
should be slightly packed in order to
make It perfectly level. It is well to
cover this with one inch Of finely sift-
ed woods-earth, since this is always
free from grass and weed seeds,
which are frequently very trouble
some when the garden soil is used.
After the bed has been completed
the sashes are put in place and the
frame allowed to stand for three or
four days before planting the seed.
This is done In order to permit the
bed to become thoroughly warm be-
fore planting.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Fa.rI.''n!.!nI.EIu,|,ll,t1tl41.
zIrlnunrliIm1unn 11,E

In 1925 cooperative marketing will
help solve many farm problems, but
1t will be no substitute for old-fash-
toned industry.
The new year is a good time to-
remember Emerson's true saying,
Nothing great was ever accomplished
without enthusiasm"
One Of the chief causes of failure
with alfalfa and clover is lack Ct,
lime in the soil. 1t is useless to seed
alfalfa and clover on these soils with
out first applying lime
Sudan grass stubble has been found
to harbor many chinch bugs and other
insects during the winter. The plow-
ing Of such fields is, therefore, to be
recommended as means of destroy
ing these overwintering insects.
Disease in many poultry flocks en-
phasizes the need Of keeping the poul-
try house clean and well disinfected at
all times. The farm flock functions
best In healthful surroundings. Give
the birds fighting chance 70 do their
hest
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
MEASURING CORN IN
"A CIRCULAR CRIB

In measuring corn in a circular crib
allow a cubic foot and quarter for
a bushel of shelled corn and two cubic
feet and quarter for ear corn. This
rule will fit most cases.
Measure the number of cubic feet
in the crib by multiplying the square
of the diameter by 1854 and this prod
uct by the height in feet.
For example, crib 16 feet in di-
ameter and 8 feet high is filed level
full with ear corn The square Of
the diameter is 256, and this mGlti-
piled by 1854 gives the area of the
circle or base, which is POI square
feet; multiplied by the height g feet)
we get 1908 cubic feet in the crib.
Divide by 225 estimating two and a
quarter cubic feet to the bushel) and
we have approximately 714.6 bushels.
If the crib be filed level full with
shelled corn, divide by 1.25, switch
gives 1854 bushels.
Every farmer should understand as
well as remember the rule for meas
uring the area of circle or the con-
tents of a cylinder, which is the Shape
Of q circular corn crib, cistern, silo,
or any round tank with perpendicular
sides.
1t is often better to apprehend the
reason for rule than to remember
the abstract rule itself.
The same principle is used in meas
uring circles and cylinders as in meas
uring right-angled surfaces and solids.
Mathematicians have never succeeded
in "squaring the circle but for all
practical purposes the figure 1854 is
close enough.
The explanation for the use of this
figure is this: To get the area of a
square we multiply one side by the
other and the result is square feet. In
a square 40 feet each way there are
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Cultivation in Gardens
to Keep the Weeds Down

A large part of the labor in garden
ing is involved In the cultivation to
keep down weeds, wedding, thinning,
etc. Weeds are objectionable in a
vegetable garden because they crowd
upon the vegetables, require close cul-
tivation to get rid Of them, which may
be actually harmful to tender vege-
tables, and if the gardener lags in
enthusiasm the weeds finally triumph
and by fall the garden plot is a jungle
of tall weeds. The gardener can do
a great deal to bring his garden to
the NEEDLESS condition, where labor
and cultivation are reduced to a mini
mum. The first step is to cultivate
closely in the early part of the sea-
son, when most of the weed seed
terminate. The little weeds are easily
killed. But weeds keep on coming
up all through the season, and these
must be carefully removed also, for
a single weed may produce enough
seed to infest the whole garden next
season. SO it Is important that no
weeds become large enough to pro-
duce and ripen seed. If this. Is done
year after year. the number Of weeds
and grasses will decrease rapiGt3.
The use Of stable manure Is source
Of fresh infection, as this usually con-
tains many weed seeds. This danger
may be avoided by using only well
rotted manure on the garden, keeping
fresh manure In compost heap for
at least six months The seeds will
be sprouted or killed by the heating
of the manure. Some of the plant
food is lost by composing but it is
made up by the better physical CON
dition of the manure.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Poultry Facts


Keep strong, healthy, vigorous stock
and care for it properly.
Know the preferences of your mar
ket and strive to meet them.
Never wash eggs unless they are to
be used Immediately by local trade.
Don't wash dirty eggs. Washed eggs
spoil quickly and are of lower market
value.
The first essential in marketing
quality eggs as required by the new
egg law is quality production. When
proper methods are employed 1t is
easy to produce and market quality
eggs.
Keep the hens off the dropping
boards by putting three-fourths-inch
wire netting Immediately under the
roosts.
swatch for cracks and do not have
strong drafts in the roosting rooms.
If you neglect this, you will have to
fight colds and roup later on.
Confine the hens to the poultry
house when the yards are muddy I'M
til the middle Of the afternoon when
most of the eggs have been laid. This
will mean fewer dirty eggs
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Garden Fence Useful in
Carrying Various Crops

Plan to use the fences that surround
your vegetable garden this year. They
will carry good crops and utilize space
often wasted. If you have board
fences, tomatoes may be trained
against them with loops Of cloth and
tacks, particularly the south exposure
of the premises Strings or chicken
wire may be nailed to board fences
upon which tomatoes, cucumbers, pole
or string lima beans may climb. If
you have wire fences, the tall peas and
beans may be planted along them.
A 25-fOot fence will support eight
tomato plants three feet apart and
with the warmth Of boards rejecting
the heat of the sun behind them
fruits will ripen more quickly than
those trained to stakes in the open
or allowed to ramble over the ground.
Cucumbers used as climbing vines
instead of being allowed to ramble
over the ground, are something Of a
novelty with most gardeners; yet an
observation Of the vile fitted with ten
drills shows that it Is naturally
climber and it will attach itself to any
support that happens to be handy.
Greenhouse-grown cucumbers are al
ways trained to string or wire, reach
ing from the earth to the roof of the
house. -
If vegetables are not desired,
gourds to furnish playthings for the
children are admirable decorations for
the garden fences. They come in
great variety and various shapes. sizes
and colOrs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Recognize Alfalfa
at It's True Value
Most Highly Nutritious and
Palatable Forage Crop
for All Animals.

While alfalfa Is one of the Oldest
known agricultural plants, it is APP
parently just beginning to be recog-
nized and its true value appreciated.
In my opinion the secret in growing
alfalfa is largely due to the genuine
Grimm seed being used, preferably
produced as near where you are going
to sow it as you can possibly get it.
Baltic is simply another name for
and comes from the same parent stock.
Alfalfa for cows-alfalfa either for
hay or green, as feed for all kinds Of
farm animals, Is the most highly nu-
tritious and paIatable forage crop that
can be grown. It is particularly valu-
able as feed fcs dairy cows. When
properly cured, II has more nearly the
effect of good June pasture than any
other feed. 1t Is u well known fact
that wheat bran Is worth only slightly
more than alfalfa hay, and when the
palatableness of the hay is taken into
consideration, this difference also dis
appears.
Alfalfa for Cattle and Hogs.
For fattening beef cattle, alfalfa
has no equal as roughage. 1t Is gen
orally figured that 1t will require 1000
pounds of grain to produce 100 pounds
of beef on mature cattle, with the or
binary roughages, such as prairie hay
or corn fodder. When good alfalfa
hay is fed with scorn, this amount of
grain required will be reduced nearly
one-half, This fact holds true with
the feeding of all classes of live stock.
The alfalfa balances the ration to such
an extent that less other feed Is re-
quired to make given gain. This is
particularly true with young stock,
which require a large amount of the
growth-producing element, protein.
It has been demonstrated that an
acre of alfalfa will produce TIC pounds
OF pork during season. This calcu-
lation was made by deducting the
probable gain due to small amount
Of grain which was fed while the hogs
were Non pasture. It is possible to
winter mature hogs on good alfalfa
hay and only a very small amount of
grain.
For Horses, Sheep and Poultry.
Alfalfa, both green and as hay, is
also fed to horses. When beginning to
feed alfalfa, care should be taken that
horses do not get more Of it than is
good for them, as it is so much richer.
than other hays. Alfalfa hay alone is
too rich a feed for horses. There
should always be.some grain or rough
age, such as oats, corn fodder, or prai-
RE hay, fed with 1t. When fed ex-
clusively, it is likely to produce coarse
ness, especially in colts.
The value of alfalfa for sheep Is at
tested by the fact that the irrigated
regions of Alberta are full Of sheep
feeding quarters, where large fiocks
are fattened each winter on alfalfa
hay and grain.
Alfalfa Is a great poultry feed,
either eaten green from the fields In
the summer time, or chopped and fed
in the winter. Chopped hay or meal
mixed with small amount of grain,
put in a barrel or tub, and hot water
poured over it and allowed to steam
for few hours, will be eaten as
greedily as green feed in the summer
time.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12

Of Matching, the lateness Of the spring
and the way the chicks have been
growing. Ordinarily the chicks need
artificial heat until they are from SIX
to eight weeks old.
When, How and What to Feed.
"Start feeding the chicks when they
act hungry" says Lampllan, land this
is generally noticed sometime from 80
to 48 hours after Matching. About
this time the little fellows will run
around and begin pecking at almost
anything beyond the warmest corner
of the brooder.
Place a small dish of warm whole
milk before the chicks at the time they
are put into the brooder. One or two
of the little fellows will get inquisitive
and venture out to drink, then the 9TH
ers will follow. The chick, like any
other farm animal, thrives on milk.
whole milk should be kept before
the chicks for at least two weeks be-
fore skim milk is fed, then there
should be a gradual change from one
to the other"
Then, too, give little Of pearl grit,
which is a finely ground limestone. 1t
keeps them in good condition and from
filling up on shavings.
Rations and Feeding Time.
One ration that has proved to be
very satisfactory after having been
tried out for several years at the col
lege poultry yards is a mixture OF 81
parts (by weight) Of ground yellow
corn. 20 parts of standard wheat mid
dlings, five parts of chick size poultry
bone, five parts pearl grit (fnely
ground limestone) and one part salt
This ration is fed to the chicks dry
in small troughs about four to i've
times each day when the chicks are
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Roup Quite Contagious
Disease Among Chickens

Swollen and running eyes indicate
roup, which is contagious disease,
easily spreading through the chicken
f9ock. The sick birds should be re-
moved and kept by themselves until
recovered. Their eyes may be washed
out several times daily with solution
Of boric acid, one ounce to the quart
and 10 per cent solution of argyrol,
10 be obtained from the druggist, may
)e placed in each eye, two or three
drops suf1icing, once daily after they
ave been cleaned out with the boric
lcid. Roup is difficult disease to
.ure and may easily be carried over
rom season to season, making itself
vident when the weather becomes
old and wet
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Winter Egg Production
Cut bY Bad Management

Failure to secure winter eggs is
often due to an outbreak of colds and
roup. Pullets, which are primarily de-
pended upon for winter eggs, are es-
pecially susceptible to these diseases.
According to experiment station au-
thorities colds and roup are due to
preventable causes such as improper
ventilation, dampness, insufficient
floor and roosting space, filthy scratch
ing litter, improper feeding, and fail
ure to provide green feed.
Prevention is better than remedies.
Once the disease gets in flock there
appears to be no satisfactory treat
ment.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Corn Flowing in Spring
of Not Much Advantage

Little If any difference in yields Of
corn between that grown on land
plowed in the spring are shown in the
results obtained in tests made by the
Ohio experiment station. AS an aver
age Of six years fall blowing gave 70.74
bushels per acre and spring blowing,
1881 bushels. Director Williams in
commenting on the results Of the test
says:
while there has been some varia-
tion in yield due to different seasonal
conditions, it cannot be said that
either time of blowing has an advan-
tage over the other for this soil and
climate"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Feeding and Fattening
Poultry Is a Business

Feeding poultry and fastening 1t for
market is a business that is as well
established In England as that Of feed
inc live stock for market is in this
country. These chicken feeders pur-
chase the adult birds, feed them to
great fairness, take the most promising
of the lot and finish them as milk fed,
by giving them ten days at the close
of the feeding with only stale bread
and milk, or meal and grain and milk
for food, the result being the poultry
becomes plump and fat. The meat is
whitened, they assert, because Of the
milk in the food, and the milk fed
birds command a price well above the
ordinary stall fed bird.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12

40 rows of 40 square feet each, or l.
600 square feet in all
A circle is little more than three
fourths of the small square from which
it could have been cut. The decirsal
1854 Is more nearly accurate than
three-fourths, so by getting the area OF
the smallest square from which a cir
Gle could be cut and taking little over
three-fourths of it Cor 7S54-10000) we
get the area of that circle. 8
When you get the area in square
feet of the circle. which forms the
base or top Of a cylinder like cir
cular crib, cistern, tank, silo, or any
other similar receptacle, the operation
is the same as If it were right-angled;
that is multiply the area of the base
by the height.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Foot-and-Mouth Disease

The five outbreaks of the foOt-and-
mouth disease that the United States
has experienced during the past 40
years have been suppressed by the
slaughter method with our present
knowledge of the disease" says John
r. Mohler, chief Of the United States
bureau Of animal industry, this
method is the most effective and eco
nomical for this country. Still, we are
anxious to find, if possible, better
and more scientific method of combat
ing the disease"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Value Of Soy Bean Hay
About Equal to Clover

Properly cured soy bean hay cut at
the proper stage of growth Is about
equal 70 clover hay in its feeding
value, when the clover Is cut at the
proper time and properly cured. The
soy bean hay may be little, higher in
its protein content, but the protein is
in not quite as complete form as In
clover.
Soy bean hay rarely sells for as
much as good clover hay, largely be-
cause it's feeding value is not SO well
known; and neither Is the market and
price so well established for the soy
bean hay.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Emden Geese Popular

The Emden breed Of geese is one of
the best known and most popular Of
all the varieties known. Individuals
Of this breed are large, and beautiful
ly formed The back is fairly straight
while the under part of the body is
canoe shaped, or, almost crescent.
They have blue eyes, orange bill
shanks and toes and pure white plum.
age. Size and vigor are the principal
features to be considered when mating
these birds. 1t is quite common for
the females to develop "dewlap' or
loose pouch Of skin under the body.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-02-12
Plan Garden First

1t is important to plan the 1925 gar
en- before ordering seed. Make
lrawing of the shape of the garden on
aper, preferably to scale. Lay out
he different rows, indicating the crop
be planted. Plan for succession
lanting in long straight rows, instead
I in small patches or beds. This will
low the use Of the hand-wheel hoe
nd other convenient tools.