davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Records Tell of
Profits or Loss
Accounts Will Show Wheth-
er Farm Is Making or
Losing Any Money.

The most valuable records that one
can keep on the farm are those that
tell the most about the farm business
and help one to make changes that
will prove most profitable.
1t is very easy to become confused
with an unrelated mass Of figures and
as a result the operator will get no
real benefit from them. There are
some farm records, however, that
every farmer should keep in a clear
and concise manner If he would know
more about his business
First Inventory.
The first is the inventory which Is
list of everything owned and used
In operating the farm. Not only the
number but the values are recorded.
This includes land, buildings, all live
stock, equipment, feed and supplies,
what you owe and what other people
owe you.
The second is a record of the farm
receipts. This contains an account of
everything you sell from the farm, the
quantity and the price you receive
for it.
The third is list of farm expenses
and here you record all money paid
out for the operating of the farm or
the paying of farm debts.
These three records will show
whether the farm is making money or
losing money They will show where
you get your money and how you
spend it. 1t will undoubtedly empha-
size the Importance of some of the
minor enterprises of the farm, such as
the sale of chickens, eggs, butter, etc.
inventory Indispensable.
Without the inventory it is impos-
si5le to know whether the farm is get
ting ahead or going back. An increase
or decrease in what you own will show
up here.
Very little time is required to keep
these records. Those who keep them
declare that this work pays better
rate per hour than many other opera
tons on the farm,
Do you have an account book this
year? If not, let's hear from you.
Thomas III. Summers, Extension Serv-
ice, Colorado Agricultural College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27

other being formed at Greenwood, in
Clark county. During the year 1924
the federation sold over 28,0O000O
pounds of cheese at an amount great
er than five and one-half million dol
lars. The average price per pound
paid for ali styles of cheese in 1924
was 1886.
Has Two Lines of Work.
AS with all sales companies, the
federation undertakes two lines of
work, Bakken points out On the
one hand it comprises a line of or
ganization from the farmer to the
warehouse where the cheese is as
sembled and paraffined 1t also main
tains a sales organization which dis
tributes the cheese from its nine
district warehouses to buyers in most
of the states Of the Union.
This cooperative organization is
made up of three essential parts.
There are the local cooperative cheese
factories or associations; the district
exchanges with their cold storage
warehouses and equipment for par
afining cheese and there is also the
sales organization now well known as
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Feed Calves Enough
but Don't Overfeed
Do Best if Kept Just a Little
Bit Hungry.

Feed the calves enough, but don't
overfeed them. They will do better
if kept just a little hungry. Overfeed-
ing causes digestive troubles.
These are some Of the suggestions
made by the department of animal
husbandry of the New York State
Agricultural college at Ithaca on the
raising and care Of calves.
The first thing to remember, says
the college, is that no calf should be
raised for dairy use unless it comes of
first-class parentage-from a pure
bred sire and high-producing dam.
Granting this heritage, the dairy calf
will respond to, and should receive,
careful handling.
1t is best to let the calves stay with
their mothers for two or three days
after birth. Then they should be
taught to drink from a bucket. Care
should be taken to see that the pail
is clean for, as every farmer knows,
calves are subject to digestive dis
orders.
The calf should get from 6 to II
pounds of whole milk daily for the
first three weeks and then may be
gradually switched over to skim milk
and a little grain. Most farmers find
it best to give the calf it's grain i'm
mediately after it has finished drinking
the milk. A good concentrate allow
ance will contain muscle and bone
building nutrients and will contain
some fat to replace a part of that
distracted from the milk.
Here are three rations which have
been found good:
Corn parts, bran parts, oats 3
parts, oil meal / part.
Corn parts, oats or bran parts,
oil meal 1 part.
Oats 3 parts, bran 1 part, oil meal 1
part
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27

how perfect the organization and oper-
alton of the cooperative selling
agencies may be. Farmers often are
not able to understand why cheese
boards cannot solve the cheese market
ing problem. All that these boards
can do at best is to register the sup
ply of cheese and the demand for it
and to record the resulting price.
The cheese federation has district
warehouses to which the cheese is
shipped for paraffining and at which
it is held and released to the market
gradually. Instead Of selling the
cheese on flooded market, the cheese
is held over until the market condi-
lions are more favorable.
In the past the cost of operating
the cheese federation sales system has
ranged from "A of cent to 156 cents
per dollars worth of cheese sold at
wholesale The main task in keeping
the sales costs low is to have an
abundance Of cheese to sell. The prob
lem Of securing volume is to gain
numerous loyal district organizations
to secure the largest possible number
Of local cheese factories as their mem.
bers.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
CAPONS COMPARED
WITH MALE BIRDS.

That caponizing pays but that
capons do not gain anywhere near
what is claimed by some, is indicated
by the results of an experiment con-
Quoted by the poultry department at
South Dakota State college.
According to these claims, the
capon should gain twice as much as
rooster of the same age and breed,
but 10 per cent gain is about the
best to expect. The lighter breeds like
Leghorns, do not really gain at all.
Since chickens usually hatch late on
the farm and since there is usually
plenty of feed, caponizing will prob
ably pay the farmer The birds should
be capOnized when developing wattleS
and combs, or better when they weigh
about two pounds in the American or
medium-weight breeds. The capons
can be shipped in barrels holding $50
to 200 pounds, during January and
February, and bring good price.
Two weeks before marketing, the
capons should be put in close quarters
and fed on fattening rations, such as
milk, corn meal, bran, tankage, etc.
Any combination like corn and milk Is
very good. During the time previous
to these two weeks, the capons can be
fed on corn and can be allowed to
run with the pullets.
In dressing capons for market, only
the soft feathers need be removed.
The coarse feathers on the wings, tail,
etc., may be left on. The capons must
be dry-picked. if good price is ex-
pected.
AS capon feathers, especially white
ones. are in demand and will bring
from SO to 80 cents per pound, the
farmer can afford to keep them clean
and dry and the colors unmixed.
To have capons mother little chicks
does not pay. This means that capons
have to be kept over winter. Three
or four dollars are thus invested in
them, whereas an old hen would do
better.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Must Feed Hens Mash to
Fill Summer Egg Basket

Hens will not lay eggs in the sum-
mer unless they are supplied with all
the mash they con eat" says Duncan
Fl. Reid of the poultry department.
University of Wisconsin. During the
spring months, the wet ground and
grass are full of insects which pro-
vide plenty Of animal feed for the
hens, but when summer comes the in
sects disappear and tins lack of ami
NAL food must be supplied through the
mash.
A good ration recommended by Mr..
Reid consists of 100 pounds of ground
corn, 100 pounds of ground oats, 100
pounds of wheat bran, 100 pounds of
wheat middlings, 100 pounds of meat
scrap, and pounds of salt. When
milk Is fed with the mash, the meat
scrap should be cut in half.
"a hen should receive two ounces
Of grain a day and all the mash she
can eat" says Mr.. Reid "The grain
ration should consist Of corn supple
mented with 25 per cent wheat and
oats. This is contrary to the gener-
al telief that corn furnishes too much
heat. Tests have shown that the best
results are obtained when this ration
is used. The grain should be fed a
little in the morning and heavy at
night The mash should be changed
at least once a week. A lack of oys-
ter shell during the summer months
will cut egg production in half Green
feed, such as clover, when mixed with
the mash, has a decided advantage
even if the green feed is growing
in the yard"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Bull Associations
Are Quite Popular
Many Organizations Oper-
ating in Pennsylvania.

That bull associations are proving
popular among the dairymen of Penn
sylvania is evidenced by the fact that
at present there are 80 such organiza-
tions operating in 20 counties in the
state, according to e. B. Fits, in
charge Of the dairy extension service
at the Pennsylvania State college.
These associations own total of $50
high-quality sires, all with exceptional
production and show records back Of
them. Pennsylvania now leads all
states in the number of bull associ-
ations.
The newest association to start Is
the one in Sullivan county with
membership Of Is farmers. Three ex-
ceptionally serviceable sires were
purchased at an average delivered
price just slightly in excess of $500.
This makes a sire Investment Of $S.13
per COW for six years, which is less
than the previous cost Of scrub sires
where each man owneG his own bull.
The quality Of these bulls is shown by
the fact that 10 Of the 81 nearest dams
in the three pedigrees have an average
of 1,OO7 pounds of butter in one year.
At a recent meeting of the Bedford
county association steps were taken to
renew the accredited herd certificates
of the members so that these herds
may remain tuberculosis free, and two
additional members were elected The
Clarion county association has just in
creased their organization to five bulls
and arrangements are under way to
exhibit all OF them at their annual
field day. Bradford county has had
good results from their association
and even though they purchased their
bulls at the peak of war prices, suf-
fering quite loss in inventory, the
members voted to raise additional
funds to purchase another new bull
because they feel that their associa-
ton has played a prominent part in
their dairy development.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
FARM MITES

Sweet clover can be pastured in the
fall.
A fresh green forage crop will keep
the growing pigs coming along fast.
Hens found on nests at night should
be shut up. Broody hens reduce pro-
duction.
Don't feed carcasses Of animals
that have died of disease to any of
your stock or chickens.
Barley straw is similar to wheat
straw, and barley hay has more pro-
tein and less fter than timothy hay.
1t is certainly worth while to give
the sheep the very best possible care
nowadays when wool and mutton are
both scarce and high-priced.
More food animals were sIaugh-
tered in the United States last year
9S0,500, or about IL for every man,
woman and child in the country.
The consumption of milk in the
United States has increased % per
cent since 1920, but our per capita
consumption is still lower than the
principal dairy countries of Europe.
At least so per cent of all livestock
losses in transit are preventable by
cooperation of the railroads, shippers
and producers, say officials Of the new
Live Stock Loss Prevention Associa-
tion of Ohio.
By storing vegetables for late fall
and winter use and using a hotbed to
produce for late winter and early
spring, the summer garden can be
supplemented and a supply of vege-
tables will be available the year round.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Mango in Hogs Causing
Immense Loss to Farmer

Mango in hogs is a parasitic skin
disease that is causing considerable
loss in the corn belt in general every
year. In some localities there seems
to be more mango this year than usual,
and little, if any effective work is be-
Ing undertaken to get rid of it.
Mango, of course, does not produce
severe sickness or DEATH but it does
bring about reduced gains from Civ
en- amount of feed consumed by the
hogs affected by the disease. In addi-
ton to this, the packers place con-
siderably lower valuation on NANCY
hog than on one with a healthy skin.
This is not surprising to anyone who
has seen carcasses of NANCY hogs at
slaughter houses. The roughened skin
Of a NANCY hog gives the carcass
bad appearance, hence such carcasses
have to be skinned.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Describes Development
of New Smutless Wheat

DR.. E. f. Gaines, cerealist at the
Washington Agricultural Experiment
station, gave an illustrated talk on his
work in cereal breeding before the
agronomy seminar of the Kansas State
Agricultural college. His studies have
been primarily in smut diseases and
in resistance of wheat varieties to
smut infection. Tests of the degree of
resistance to smut infection were con-
Quoted on more than 700 varieties Of
wheat. A few of these were found to
be partially resistant.
Crosses we're made between resist
ant varieties with hope of combin-
ing the good qualities of each and
smut resistance The cross, Turkey
x Florence, gave promising results.
Turkey wheat used in the cross was
secured from the Kansas station about
1906. A number of strains from the
cross were thoroughly tested for about
seven years and the most promising
was named Ridit. This variety, now
in the ninth generation, shows almost
complete immunity to sinking smut.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
GRADE cow EXHIBIT
AT THE STATE FAIR

Owners of some Of Wisconsin's cow
testing association cows are due to
have lively time at the state fair
this year in competing for the $1,000
of awards offered In the grade-cow
class.
Each cow-testing association COM
peting must exhibit ten grade cows
all of one breed, or five cows of each
two breeds. No member will be allowed
to exhibit more than four cows. All
grade cows, with cow-testing associa-
ton records, will be eligible regard
less of their age or production record,
There will be no competition be-
tween breeds, reports A. J. Cramer, In
charge of contrasting work in the
state. Premiums will be awarded ac-
cording to three definite features. The
cows will be judged according to high
est average production on groups of
five, for association year ending since
July 1, 1924. The place won by five
cows Of the same breed in showroom
competition will also be considered as
well as the distance travelled from the
county seat to the state fair. For pro-
duction 500 points will be allowed:
$50 for showing winnings and $50
For distance travelled.
A perfect score will be 1000 points.
Production records and distance
travelled will have nothing to do with
the record in the show ring. Minimum
awards are as follows for each breed:
First, $3.50; second, $1O0; third, $75.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
FaI,rnI,I,lt1I'..
rlruu1rr,nllur,t4urnl1 d nC7lll:;s 2.

Carrots are just as good for horses
as for humans.
- ~
Provide shade and fresh water for
all classes of live stock.
Don't just keep flock of chickens.
Give them chance and they will keep
you.
Cultivation of the garden is more eff
fective than watering. Keep the
ground stirred
If vegetables cannot be stored with
good results, they should be canned
while the quality is good.
Do you make practice of greasing
your wagon wheels regularly? A little
grease will go long way in prolonging
the life of wagon.
Deep cultivation prunes the roots Of
corn plants and may decrease the
yield, especially if the deep cultiva-
ton is practiced late in the season.
Cultivation of corn and other row
crops, in excess Of that required to
control weeds and keep the surface
soil in a granular condition, is not
necessary or advisable.
The best method of handling the in
festival roundworm problem in chick
ems is to brood the chicks on ground
where the old hens or young chicks
have not ranged for one year.
In poultry diseases the adage that
an ounce of prevention is worth a
pound of cure is all wrong. The cor
rect version is that an ounce of pre-
vention is worth a ton Of cure.
Gardeners can get the upper hand Of
the cabbage worm by busting the plants
with a mixture of twenty parts of
lime to one part arsenate of lead, or
by spraying with arsenate of lead,
three pounds to fifty gallons of water.
equivalent to about one ounce to one
gallon Of water.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Soils Cause for
Clover Failures
Lime Narrowed Into Field
Before Seeding Is One
Approved Method.

Fertilizlng for clover has become
one of the farm problems. Lime Is
one of the first requisites If the soil Is
acid. A method approved by agricul-
tural experiment stations for the appli-
cation of lime and which has worked
out exceIlently in actual practice is to
harrow it into the plowed FIELD before
seeding the clover. The lime can be
applied, however, when it is most con-
venient to pillow the fields
Proper Proportions.
For average conditions, about 5000
pounds of finely ground limestone or a
ton of hydrated lime per acre are the
proper proportions and sufficient to
remedy conditions and speed up the
clover.
Owing to the decrease in the supply
Of barnyard manure on farms, much
soil needs beth potash and phosphoric
acid for the best stand of clover.
Phosphoric acid deficiency, expert
ments have shown, may be the factor
which checks the growth of the clover.
Acid phosphate and muriate of pot
ash supply the lack, applied at the
rate of @C0 to 600 pounds Of potash
and 100 pounds of muriate to the acre.
If mixe1 fertilizer is applied, one high
in phosphoric acid and potash should
be used. Glover when well started
will procure its nitrogen from the air.
Seed Is Blamed.
An appreciate percentage of the
failure of clover crops is blamed upon
the seed when it is the condition Of
the soil wherein lies the trouble. If
lined and given potash and phosphor-
us fertilizer the clover would do it's
full duty.
Mammoth red clover is said to be
more tolerant Of acid and poor soils
than the medium variety, but this does
not mean that lining to remedy acid
conditions Is unnecessary.
Another cause for the failure Of
clover to survive the winter is too
close grazing or cutting. Clover needs
at least a four-inch growth for winter
protection. If grazed closer than this
a good stand may be ruined. An APP
plication of manure in the fall is a
great help in winter protection.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Glover Lowered Cost of
Producing Pork in Test

A feeding trial was recently con-
Quoted by a Missouri farmer in CO.
operation with the Missouri expert
ment station. One lot Of fall pigs
weighing "a pounds per head was
turned into blue grass pasture and
given corn and linseed meal as grain
ration. Another similar lot was given
a clover pasture and fed corn and
tankage. Here is what happened:
The blue grass lot gained LOT pounds
per head per day for AZ days, while
the clover lot gained 2 pounds a
day for 25 days. 1t required $40
bushels corn and rs pounds linseed
meal to produce 100 pounds of gain
in the blue grass lot and only 6
bushels corn and 20 pounds tankage
to make the same gain by the clover
lot.
The outstanding fact in this test
was the superiority of clover over blue
grass for rapid as we'll as economical
gains.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
CHEESE FEDERATION
MAKES LARGE SALES
Product of 200 Cooperative
Factories Sold for
5000 Farmers.

There is In Wisconsin the largest
cooperative national cheese selling
company in the United States. This
Is the Wisconsin Cheese Producers
federation, composed Of 200 co-opera-
tive cheese factories with over 5000
farmer members In Wisconsin and
Minnesota. 1t has grown steadily for
ten years and has entered it's elev-
enth year with the brightest prospects
yet seen, according to II. II. Bakken,
marketing specialist at the Wisconsin
College Of Agriculture.
The headquarters of the federation
are at Plymouth, in Sheboygan coun-
ty. There are at present ten produc-
Ing districts which sell their cheese
through the organization, with an
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Sheep Render Valuable
Assistance on ANY Farm

Sheep require less feed per hundred
pounds of gain than dc CATTLE and
give larger return for grain used.
The conditions under which sheep are
kept provide ideal conditions for the
conservation of maximum amount
of the fertility contained in the excre-
ment Sheep render valuable assist
ance in keeping a farm free of mex
ious weeds and in the newer sections
aid materially in land clearing by
keeping down the second growth.
Other advantages of sheep are that
the investment in buildings is COM
paratlvely small and a minimum
amount of labor Is required in caring
for them.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27

pasture will need only about half as
much milk for each pound of grain.
The amount Of skim milk per pig
varies with the weight Of the pig.
Skim milk
weight of the pig. per pound corn.
SO to 100 pounds ..25 to 8 pounds
100 to $50 pounds. ......2 to rs pounds
$50 to 200 pounds. .1.5 to pounds
Over 200 pounds. ......1 to Is pounds
Where barley or wheat is fed in
place Of corn only about half to two
thirds as much milk is needed for each
pound Of grain as with corn.
These experiments have great i'm
portance to the farmers of the state,
Morrison believes. Any reduction in
feeding cost always serves to improve
the profit on the farm.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27
Poultry Notes


For some reason, not fully under
stood, thick, sour skinned milk seems
to have a greater value for hens than
sweet milk.
The old idea of ducking and starv-
ing to prevent broodiness is not to be
recommended where further egg pro-
duction is desired.
Green feed at all seasons is neces-
sity for health and egg production.
Large quantities of mangels and cab
bages can be produced on very small
area.
Chickens, to be fed proftably, should
first be kept growing during the grow
ing season. To best accomplish this
they should be given a varied diet of
meat and vegetable protein.
Lime is the principal constituent OF
egg shells and hens should be pro-
uided with lime if they cannot gather
it naturally. 1t can be given In the
form of crushed lime stone, crushed
egg shells, etc.
Many farmers begrudge hen every
bite that goes down her neck, and
numerous early risers on the farm
get up to feed the hogs before day
light to keep the hens from eating
with them.
Poultrymen are finding out that hens
will lay as freely without the com
pany of males as with them. This
fact permits the lessening Of expenses
by doing away with the ROSTERS. II
is also fact that eggs that are in
fertile will keep much the longest.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-08-27

There is no one best breed of chick
ems. If there was best breed then
practically every farm would have
that breed, for the average farm Is
about 100 acres.