Evening star., 1925-07-26
BROADER LEAGUE
| HELD WORLD NEED
Swiss Official Declares
: Body's Principle Must
Save Civilization.
By the Associated Press.


WILLIAMSTOwN, Mass, July %.
If civilization is to survive. the
countries OF the world soon must join
in a political unit larger than the
League of Nations and resembling it
in character. DIR. William r.. Rap
pard Of Geneva, member of the per-
manent mandates commission of the
League of Nations, said in a lecture
at the Institute of Politics tonight.
He asserted that the absence of the
United States from the present league
was 1.-The most decisively unfavorab BILE
circumstance surrounding the birth of
the league"
In the first Of six lectures on "In-
ternational Relations as Viewed From
Geneva" DIR. Rappard, for four years
a member of the League OF Nations
secretariat, pointed out that to study
such relations was to study the league
itself.
II believe that the leagues essen
tlal aim, the substitution of law and
order for chaos in international rela-
tions, to be absolutely beneficent and
so clearly IN the line Of human evolu-
ton that no one but a madman or q
criminal can repudiate 1t.
TElIIdi lnStlncL Active.
LAS in the course of history the in
sdnct of preservation drove individ-
uals into organizing their groups into
states, so, Lam convinced, states can
not indefinitely live together on the
surface of the globe without organiz-
Ing themselves into some kind of
larger political unit for the mutual
protection of its component parts.
That, as I see 1t. is but matter
or time. AS citizen of a country
which witnessed at close quarters the
destructive fury of the last war, 1
would add that it was high time they
did so II civilization is to survive"
Approaching what he called a deli
cate question in the confidence of a
student speaking to students" DR.
Rappard said that in the matter of
America relations to the league there
were no inopportune truths" and
that the desire of some league enthu-
siasts TO disguise unpalatable facts
had done more harm than good to
the cause.
The League of Nations was In re-
ality composed of three leagues, he
stated. one to execute the peace treat
les another to promote international
cooperation and a third to outlaw
war. OF the first branch he said
Sees Confidence Lost.
Deprived of the immediate COOP
Grafton of America, which would un-
doubtedly have made for moderation
impartiality and justice, the council
has too often used it's unbalanced
power In the national interests of its
members rather than in the general
interests of the international commu-
nifty. Thereby 1t has lost in public
confidence what it has gained in pub
lie notoriety."
He added, however, that Europe and
the world were the better for this part
of the league, but would be better still
for more perfect league to execute
more perfect peace treaties.
DR.. Rappard next described what
had been accomplished by the league
to promote international cooperation. .
the spirit of friendly cooperation and
honest compromise it had fostered In
Geneva being perhaps the leagues
greatest achievement.
He said that American representa-
ton, though unofficial and advisory,
was none the less effective.
Discusses War Outlawry.
OF the league to outlaw war" DR..
Rappard said that it was the nearest
approach 10 a league to enforce peace,
the original idea of the founders of
the League of Nations.
When the league to outlaw war
shall have become universal in it's
membership" he went on, "and is gen.
orally respected in its aims and du
ties, war will be outlawed, but not
necessarily rendered forever impos-
sible. 1t will doubtless persist as in
dividual crime and collective revolu-
tions persist even in we'll ordered COM
munities, but 1t will have become local
and relatively inoffensive, because
generally condemned by public opin-
ion. Then, when the international
machinery for the just and peaceful
settlement of all international dis
putes shall have been perfected, the
time will be ripe for the formation OF
a league to enforce peace and for the
general disarmament of the world"
The recognition of the compulsory
jurisdiction of some international tri-
bunal for the settlement of inter
national disputes, DR.. Rappard said,
was absolutely essential to the success
Of the league to outlaw war"
Big Armies Feared
The statesmen Of continental Europe
fear that the great military organiza-
tions of their countries growing out of
the war may get beyond their control
and force the ministers out" Maj.
Gen. Sir Frederick Maurice, chief of
operations of the British general staff
during the war, said earlier today.
Nothing that the large majority of
statesmen In all great countries had
placed limitation of armaments in the
forefront of their political programs,
Sir Frederick, leading the conference.
said he did not undervalue that ideal
istic side of the issue, but declared
that the opinion that limitation of
armament has become a practical
necessity had become SO general as to
predicate some general course of
action. He added:
European statesmen have realized
that as a result of the war armies
have reached a point where they are
beyond their control These huge mill
tary organizations now under the
stated were undoubtedly the chief
factor in bringing on the war, and
there now is a fear on the part of
European statesmen that the military
organizations may take control of the
state instead and force the ministers
out
Doubts War Danger.
Belief that there Is no danger of
another war for at least 10 or Is years
was expressed by Prof Edwin f. Gay
of Harvard, leader of the round table
conference on the economic recovery
of Europe. He said there was a spirit
Of optimism for the recovery of Eu-
ropean countries prevailing, and that
he himself did not share the fear ex-
pressed by some writer's of an expan-
sion of Bolshevism or a period of de.
cay in Europe.
The population of the United States
Will reach the 200. 100000 mark in a
hundred years and cannot pass that
record without a new source of food
supply, DIR. L. j. Reed, professor of
biometry and vital statistics in Johns