davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-09-06
OF WAX GUARDS GERM
THAT PRODUCES TUBERCULOSIS
RodLke Parasite Also Protects Self by Causing Ts-
sues to Build Up Encircling Wall-Many AS
saults Made ON Deadly Bacillus.

germs one might as we'll not try
All sorts of chemicals have been used.
from precious metals down to ordi-
nary earth, and every conceivable gas
that could be inhaled or taken with
out danger has been tried, but with
out success. There are things that
one could take that would kill the
tuberculosists germ within the body
but they would kill the man before
they killed the germ. Recently
Danish savant. widely heralded
through the newspapers-Moellga
by name-announced that a solution
of gold salts, known as "sanocrysin,"
would do what others had tried to do
for years. But Moellgaards own re-
ports indicated that most of the peo-
pie on whom he tried "sanocrysin"
died before the germs were killed.
Experiments in this country have not
borne out the f1attering cabled reports
from abroad.
In an effort to find out more about
the possibilities of killing the tubercu-
loSiS germ within the body and to in
crease our knowledge generally about
what happens when the germ gets into
the body, the National tuberculosis
Association, through it's medical re-
search committee. is now engaged in
systematic, orga nized hunt. One after
another of the various layers of the
tuberculosis germ are being peeled off
and this tiny little micro-organism is
being broken up into it's many chemi-
cal and other constituents. BY and by
we will know what it is in the tuber-
culosis germ that really causes tuber-
culosis. We do not know it now. BY
and by we will know what it is in the
tuberculosis germ that makes tubercle
We do not know that now. Some day
IN 10 fol- ~
hide off the germ without killing the
person who has the germ. This is all
the work of the medical researchers.
The more we learn about the tubercu-
losis germ the more we can do to dis
cover the cause of its many lives, and
the sooner will we be able to get rid
of this pest.
Evening star., 1925-09-06
BY DIR. PHILIP P. JACOBS.

There is an old saying that a cat has
nine lives and that no self-respecting
feline is really dead until she has
passed through these several stages of
mortality. Be that as it may, there is
germ that seems to have even more
than the proverbial nine lives refer
to that member of the germ tribe
known as the 'tubercle bacillus" the
little rod-like parasite that causes tu-
berculosis.
Before we discuss some of the many
lives of this little animal or vegetable
1--WE do not know which it iS), let us
make very sure that we all agree that
you cannot have tuberculosis without
the germ. There are some folks who
have a notion that consumption or tu-
berculosis is a sort of constitutional
disease, and that you can have it with
out the germ, but these folk are merely
fooling themselves.
ArmOred with Wax.
The tuberculosis germ, unlike most
OF the other germs, has. in addition to
his ordinary vitality, or rather extraor-
dlnary vitality. an armor coat of
wax. Nearly half of the germ is wax,
and so thoroughly does the wax pro-
tect this little rod-like cylindrical
creature that 1T is almost impossible to
XIII 1t. Direct sunlight seems to be
the quickest way to dry him up, and
nave often wondered whether it is not
because the sunlight melted his armor.
In addition to having this waxy
coat, however, the tuberculosis germ
has another way of protecting him
self. When he gets into the body he
has way of getting the cell tissues
to react by building a wall about
him. In other words, he gets his
host to cover him up and protect
him. This covering, because it is
round and hard, and shaped like a
pea, is called from the Latin word
"tubercle.'
Most adult persons have tubercIe
particularly those who live in cities
or where there are crowds of people
constantly associating together But
the tubercle is perfectly harmless and
need not cause any one alarm 1t is
only when the original tubercle
breaks down, because of lowered re-
sistance, that trouble begins and
disease, or, as we call it, tuberculosis,
takes hold of the victim.
Many Assaults on Germs.
There have been many attempts to
kill the willy tuberculosis germ within
the body, but, as one can readily see,
unless liquid, gas or poison of
some sort is used that will penetrate
the tubercle and the wax coat of the
Evening star., 1925-09-06

Living in exactly the same place,
with exactly the same customs, for
three and a half thousand years, the
Indians Of the San Francisco Bay re-
gion in California take the palm for
conservatism. This long and un-
changing record has been exposed by
excavations of partly submerged pre-
historic shell mounds around the bay,
which show that the region was in
habited $500 years ago by Indians
who then lived as their descendants
live today, it is announced by DR..
A. L. Kroeber of the University of
California through the Smithsonian
Institution here.
when Troy was besieged and Sol
ONION was building his temple, at a
period when even Greek civilization
had not yet taken on the traits that
we regard as characteristic, when only
A few scattering foundations of spe-
cific modern culture were being laid
and our own northern ancestors
dwelled in unmitigated barbarism," !"
declares Dr. Kroeber. THE native
Californian already lived in all es.
Sentials like his descendant of today.
There are few parts of the world,
even those inhabited by dark-skinned
savages, where such a condition can
be regarded as established. The per-
manence of California culture, there
fore, is of far more than local inter-
est. 1t is a fact of significance in the
history of civilization.
IF it be objected that the period
dealt with is, after all, conjectural
rather than established, the import of
our inference may be diminished; but
it is net destroyed. Cut the estimate
Of $500 years in half, or even to one
third. we are still back to the time of
Charlemagne. The elapsed millen-
MUM has witnessed momentous alter.
ations in Europe, in India, in Japan;
even. the Mohammedan countries,
eEhina, Central Asia and Malaysia,
have changed deeply in civilization,
while this part of America has stood
STILL
Ur. Kroeber bases HIS differences
Evening star., 1925-09-06
Argentine nliteracy High.

Educational circles in Argentina
have been rudely jolted by the pub
lication of records showing an increase
in illiteracy. OF the 10000 conscripts
called this year, one-third were unable
to read or write and another one-third
were mi-illiterate. The standard of
education of the others was low rather
than high. In some regiments SO per
cent of the recruits could neither read
nor write, while in others the per-
centage was not below 80. The great
percentage of army recruits come
from the poorer classes in the cities
and from the rural districts. Low
wages and excessive living costs cause
parents to send their children to work
at pitifully low age and the educa-
tional regulations are too lax to keep
check on them
Evening star., 1925-09-06

takes. The opposite extreme to this
forebearance is found in the attitude
of revenge which primitive groups
take toward enemy tribes, whom they
regard as scarcely human and seek
to annihilate outright.
In primitive groups it is only out
siders who are punished. Children are
trained by means of myths and folk
tales containing the moral and social
code of the tribe. These are told to
the children in the family circle by
the elders of the tribe or by men espe-
cially appointed. Should disobedience
occur it is stopped by gentle ridicule
and sometimes by fasting and other
religious ceremonies.
Evening star., 1925-09-06
800 Bibles to Be Used
By New u. S. Steamship

When the Malolo-the largest and
fastest high-powered steamship ever
built in the United States-sets forth
on her first run between San Fran
cisco and Honolulu in the Spring of
1927 she will be better equipped with
Bibles and hymn books than any ves-
sci ever built in this country.
There will be a Bible in each of
the 274 staterooms, and the remainder
of the 800 Bibles which the ship will
carry will be placed in the public
rooms and in the quarters of the off,
GERS and crew. There will be 400 hym-
nails. so that no one will lack an op-
portunity to join in the religious serv-
ices on board.
The Malolo is now being constructed
for the Matson Navigation Co., at
Cramps Shipyard on the Delaware
River. She will make the round trip
between San Fra ancisco and Honolulu
in eight days, cutting four days from
the time made by the swiftest passen-
ger steamers now on the run.
Evening star., 1925-09-06
BY e. G. MELFORD.

| HOMAS w. CHURCHILL, JUS
tice of the New York State SUI
preme Court and former pres
ident of the New York City
Board of Education, with L.
100000 children under his care. sat
back in his chair in his chambers, a
bit tired. He had just heard IS d.
vorce cases and was not in pleasant
frame of mind. Bound by his oath,
and knowing that perjury had been
committed in several cases, he was,
nevertheless, forced to render deci-
sions, which. while conforming to the
law, were contrary to morals.
Justice Churchill has kindly, face.
But there is that in the s~uare chin
which denotes strength of purpose and
determination. l broached the ques-
tion of. divorce and he answered not
only readily and gladly, but appeared
to be anxious to free his mind of IL
flood of ideas. So | asked
Q. To what do you ascribe the con-
slant increase in the number of di.
vorces?
A. There are many interlocking
causes that it Is impossible to answer
that question in just one sentence.
The main cause, as i see it, is the
utter lack of spirituality from which
this Nation IS suffering. AS a material
pcODic we are ii fIuSc SuCteSS, from
a spiritual viewpoint we are an alb
ject failure. The spiritual side of life
is being neglected. to such an extent
that the American home is suffering
and God knows what future genera
tions will be like if there be not an
awakening. We cannot teach spiri-
tuality in the school. We cannot
teach it in the colleges. But we can
and must teach it in the homes.
God Left Out.
Q. How has lack of spirituality
caused an increase in divoI ces?
A. Today people look upon marriage
as a civil contract, just as the State
does. A man and a woman go to
the city clerk or the justice of the
peace and are married. There is no
solemnity: no feeling of sanctity-
nothing. 1t is on Il par with signing
a lease-a contract which can be void
ed or broken or even forgotten.
And yet, in the eyes of the law. mar
riage is such a contract-two human
beings agreeing to live together as
man and wife. But behind that con-
Evening star., 1925-09-06
Peers in Distress.

There are in Korea 50 peers, most
of whom are miserably Impoverished.
The governor general of Korea has
the Toxic government
for relief measures. 1t is proposed to
sell for $2,000.000 the land owned by
the former royal family vi, and dis
tribute the proceeds, to dispose of.
portion of the state land to help the
peers. and to institute Korean
Evening star., 1925-09-06
Fleets in Tilt.

When the British war feet was sail
ing up the Baltic recently to visit the
Baltic capitals 1t met Soviet warships
off Libau. The British raised the old
czar colors and fired a five-gun salute.
The reds were insulted and did not re.
ply. According to the bolshevik YER
sion of the incident the British raised
the Dutch flag, which is similar to
the old Russian sea banner.
Evening star., 1925-09-06
Goddess Homes Cause of Divorce

Note-This is the first of taco in
tervie1Cs on dtvorce. The neTt, toith
Ne1o York justice 1Cho has tried
hundreds of diUOrce cases and a1ho
has strong DietCs on the subject,
tCiH be published nert Sunday.
Evening star., 1925-09-06
BY FRANK II. sIMONDs.

. HE recent Anglo French tenta-
tive debt agreement, following
closely upon the more defini-
Il tive Americana Belgian adjust
Evening star., 1925-09-06

Continued on Third Paga.D
Evening star., 1925-09-06

If the Germans should pay only
s250,000.000 annually. then we should
in practice get it all. either directly or
indirectly. The Italian percentage in
reparations is so small, moreover. that
were German payments to fall to~this
figure, Italy would get no more than
SIS. .000, 900, while even on per cent
basis her payments to the United
States and Great Britain would aggre-
gate 500, 900, 900. And in this situa-
ton, while Britain was getting the
larger share of her debt payment from
Germany. France and Italy, and
France was getting hers from Ger
many, Italy, the weakest nation finan-
cially, would be called upon to make
the largest payment out of her own
pocket.
Beyond much doubt, the Caillaux-
Churchill agreement represents good
bargain for France If 1t sticks. To exs
Continued on Third Page.l
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17

has not grasped the true nature Of
Leninism and that he now as previ-
ously is revolving round in the same
circle-in the question of the peasant
ry-in the question which is the chief
source Of the false conclusions Of
Comrade Trotsky beginning from his
srror of Brest to his error in the ques-
ton of the trade unions in 1921, end
ing with his errors at the present
time.
In the Lessons of October there
are almost as many erroneous asser-
tons as there are assertions at all.
Therefore, the Communist Youth had
little difficulty in detecting that Com
rade Trotsky COMPOUNDED Lenin with
Hilferding Tin the question of the con-
stituent assembly and the so-called
combined type Of the constituent as
sembly and the Soviets"). Hence it
comes that Comrade Sokolnikov dem
onstrated to Comrade Trotsky that
the left" errors of Comrade Bogdat-
jew were ascribed by the esteemed
author of the Lessons of October" to
Comrade Lenin (the history of the
demonstration of April, 1870. Hence
it comes that Comrade Kuusinnen can
easily prove by means of documents
that Comrade Trotsky in the question
Of the German Revolutionary said the
exact contrary in January, 1924, to
what he now says in the Lessons of
October"
Hence it comes that such important
episodes of the revolution as the ques-
ton of the July demonstration, as the
fight for Kronstadt and even the ques-
ton Of the July days are described
by Comrade Trotsky after the manner
of Suchanov and the paper "Denj"
(The "Day" bourgeois) and not as
they actually occurred. Hence it
comes that the question of the tao
tics of the Bolshevih with regard to
the preliminary parliament and the
democratic conference are dealt with
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17
(Continued from PAGE D

this peasant army had not been rem
dered desperate by the imperialist war
which the bourgeoisie had to, conduct;
If the weight Of more than hundred
millions of peasants had not excer-
cised pressure upon the whole course
of the social-political life Of the couR-
try-then the development Of the revo-
luton would have proceeded accord
ing to Trotzky and the astonished
humanity would have experienced ths
apotheosis Of Trotzkyism.
1t apparently has never occurred to
our author that eff ifs and ands were
pots and pans" if there had not been
an imperialist war with all its in
evitable consequences, there would
probably never had been the revolution
of 1917 and no such relatively easy
victory Our author is also obviously
unaware that precisely the develop
ment Of the revolution from February
to October, 1917, confirmed Gin pass
ing" the already obvious truth that
the whole Trotzkyism with it's theory
VI 40 PSl 1uoASuI IStOlutlOH WIS
nothing else than cleverly though
out intellectual schema which was
cut according to the requirements of
menshevism.
Let us refer once more to Comrade
Lenin:
Hence their (the mensheviki) mon
strous, idiotic, renegade idea that the
dictatorship of the proletariat and of
the peasantry contradicts every
course of economic development.
With us there appears at every crisis
Of our epoch (l9O5-19O9) a general
democratic movement of the mushik
and to ignore this would be a pro
found error which in fact would lead
to menshevism." Thus wrote Lenin
in December, 1909.
But Comrade Trotsky even in the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17
Bolshevism or Trotskyisn?

year 1924, does not understand that
the role Of the mushik in such crisis
as 1917, was not by chance nos remov-
ed from the course Of the class stTug-
gle.
1t is obvious that it has also never
occurred to our author that the course
of the great revolution between Feb
ruary and October, 1917. wonderfully
confirmed Leninism, among othev
things in that section in which Leain
with the theoretical ruthlessness pc
culiar to him, deals with the Trotsky-
list variety of menshevism.
A collaboration of Comrade TrOtsky
and the editor" of his book 1917,
Comrade Lenzner, asserts in all serl-
BUSINESS that already in the articles
written by Trotsky at the beginning
of March, 1917, in America in the
paper "Novy Mir" (''New World") he
anticipated the attitude to the ques-
tions taken by Comrade Lenin in his
famous Letters from Abroad" Com
rade Trotsky did not even know what
the question was whilst Comrade Len
in in his truly famous Letters from
Abroad" already submitted to the
Russian working class the scheme of
the real October worked out in almost
all details.
But this is only half the trouble.
The present trouble is that Comrade
Trotsky can say nothing better than
if there had been no imperialist war
and if the peasantry had not FREEDOM
mated in our country, then Trotsky-
ism would have been right as opposed
to Leninism.
Is any further proof necessary that
Comrade Trotsky understood the Boil
shevist attitude to the question of the
peasan.ry as little as he understands
it now?
The Lessons Of October" have
clearly shown one thing; that even
now in the eighth year of the proIN-
tartan revolution Comrade Trotsk
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17

in an equally incorrect and biased
manner.
These small" errors have been suf-
ficiently refuted by authoritative wit
nesses of the events. Perhaps we shall
be able on another occasion to give an
exact description of some of the very
important episodes of the revolution.
*For the rest we learn from the sec
ond part of 1917" that as late as oc-
tober 20, 1917, Comrade Trotsky HIM
self on behalf of the council of peo-
pies commissioners wrote in an ap-
peal: "The only thing which can
save the country is the constitutional
assembly which consists of represent
atives of the working and exploited
classes Of the people" It is permit
ted to ask in which respect this is
better than the combined type?
("1917" second part p. 1881.
%$One example suffices: I'VE have
seen there lin Germany in the Sec
ond half of the past year a classical
demonstration of the fact that most
extraordinary favorable revolutionary
situation of world historical import
ance can be missed" thus wrote Com
rade Trotsky in September, 1924, in
the Lessons of October" ].
''If the party (the G. P. Of Ger
many had declared the revolt in 90
tober CAST year, as the Berlin CON-
rades have proposed, it would now
been lying with broken neck" We
read these words in the draft thesis
of Comrades Radeck and Trotsky IN
January, 1924.
In such question one cannot have
two opinions, one in January, 1924,
and another in September, 1924. II
however, one has two opinions regard
ing such question, one must not 30
attack the E. c. c. l. as Comrade
Trotsky has done.
Ito be Continued
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17

tured and lynched by business men
and thugs. The white workers are
called stupid and ignorant. for good
measure, by these race patriots: If
they would read the DAILY WORKER
they could find out that violence is
bracticed against union men every
day all over the country-not alone
Negroes.
Finally, 1t is demanded the DAILY
WORKER must constantly contain
more editorials and Negro propa-
ganda-" protest against race propa-
ganda, articles filed with lies and
prejudice being injected into the col
rims Of the DAILY WORKER.
L. ROBERTSON,
1910 Wabash Ave.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17
Views of Our Readers On Many Subjects

Paris. among the hectic crowds al
Aontmarte, in Monte Carlo or in
Florida.
These aristocrats, these plutocrats.
never see. or care. how miserably i've
The producers Of the wealth they Sc
enjoy. But the worker knows how
the masters enjoy themselves in tholr
palatial homes and first class hotels,
while they and their families ara coli
tinually facing the horrible specter OF
hunger and disease.
BY SCHOLASTICUS,
Newport, r. I.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17
A Correction:

To the DAILY WORKER: have
Just received copy Of an article that
has been sent to the DAILY WORKER
By Comrade Watt from Washington,
d. G. / wish to make a correction:
He quotes me as follows: eve need
action more than we need study"
This ought to be changed to the fol.
lowing: We must get the comrades
in the party to study, but we must un.
derstand that not all comrades can
be thoro MARKHAM students. What We
need is action in the party. We need
workeres who understand the funda-
mentals Of the movement and we must
not permit the party to become
study class. We must not drive ac-
tive members from the party by hurl.
ing MARKHAM questions at them, bat
rather by trying to teach them.
Harry Winitsky.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-01-17
cuba Persecutes labor Leaders.

Nupd rSfScCutcS LABOR EcdoSTbs
To the DAILY wORKER:-Tbe
Cuban government at the request Of
sugar and tobacco trust magnates
gave the gate to 80 Spanish labor lead
ers in the strike that is paralyzing the
life of the islands. The excuse given
is always the same-a pretext, sub
terfuge. but in reality is the hand of
the same capitalistic monster that
shot Filipinos in Hawaii, Negroes in
Hayti, poems in Vera Cruz. or any
noble soul crying for justice, for lib
erty or simply q decent living. Bn.
it forgets that in every dissatisfied
worker there is a potential leader.
The czar didn't know that when he
put to death the brother of Lenin:
Porfrio Diaz forgot that when he sent
his rurales against Madero and IN
pata; England ignores that and jails
Indian and Egyptian workers. When
the writer was eating cold swee.
potatoes at o'clock in the morning
under the dirty guano Of Cuban hut
In a tobacco plantation at Pinar del
Rio, the sugar and tobacco dukes. who
then were burying everything from
the defeated Spaniards, were victims
Of the same mental ataxia.
They never dreamed that in the
famished body Of that unknown, sock
less, tired worker was a soul full Of
enthusiasm and of resentment. They
never knew that In that whipped
beast. working IA hours a day for SIC
q month were all the potentialities
of a rebel.
Before he was a faithful catholic,
seeing only visions of angels in en-
piric regions. But carrying 125-pound
bags Of fertilizer on his shoulders at
the age Of 10. just out of a catholic
college, and sleeping all crumpied up
in dirty hammock. inhaling all night
the dust in tobacco storehouse he
soon began to see as red as those the
Cuban government sent back home az
'agitators."
The productivity of the Cuban soil
has increased hundred fold In the 20
years, according to Official statistics,
but the Cuban workers are just az ba1
on today as they were 20 years ago,
while the absent landlords are IN