davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
f1E D O
FIJI fit2

In addition to this function 1t also
acts as a choking device to produce
the audio frequency envelope" from
the high frequency variations In the
plate circuit.
Since the vacuum tube Is a voltage
operated device. II Is desirable thai
the voltage variations be as great az
possible consistent with distortionless
application. The greater the voltage
in the grid circuit the greater will be
the response in the plate circuit.
More Turns in Secondary.
The relative current and voltage in
the secondary winding Of a trans
former depend on the ratio Of turns in
the secondary winding to the number
OF turns in the primary winding. The
voltage Of the secondary is to that OF
the primary as the number Of turns
In the secondary Is to the number OF
turns in the primary. II. for instance
there are four times as many turns
in the secondary winding as there are
in the primary winding. the voltage
In the secondary winding will be -four
times the voltage in the primary wind
ing.
A high value OF inductance in the
primary winding will produce a great
difference of potential across the
transformer primary terminals. These
two, the high voltage across the prf
mary terminals and a high ratio be
tween secondary and primary turns
would produce maximum amplihcatior
If II were not for certain limiting fac
tors. For best results the impedance
of the primary winding of the trans
former should he about equal to OF
slightly greater than the plate to fila
ment impedance OF the tube with
which II Is to be used, so that this
factor Is limited by the plate to fila
ment impedance characteristic Of the
tube.
1t is not desirable to produce toe
great step-up in the audto trans
former, because high ratios, with theiI
attendant high grid voltages, cause
distortion by making the tube operate
inefficiently.
1t is a generally accepted fact that
lower ratio transformers give much
clearer and distortionless amplifica
ton than high ratio transformers, and
transformers with a ratio as low al
two to one have found favor because
Of that fact. They do not produce
high amplitication, but they do give
exceptionally good reproduction with
an absolute minimum Of distortion.
In practice good results can be oh
but IT is preferable to use transform
ers which have a ratio In the neigh
borhood Of 3.5 to I.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
BARGE SINKS; SAILOR
AND YACHT ARE LOST
Lighter Craft, Valued at 42o, 900,
Goes Down-Leak Believed
Cause Of Loss.
nv the Asaociated Press.

By the Associated Pross-
WILMINGTON, N. c., December
12.-After battling with a strong gale
and heavy seas for several hours, a
derrick barge being towed from Nor
folk, Va, to Miami, Fla, by the sea-
going tug Goliath Of the Wood Towing
Co. Of Norfolk capsized when about
Is miles of Cape Fear. near the Fry.
ing Pan Shoals, Thursday morning.
A negro known to Capt. George D.
Hodges Of the tug as Armstrong was
lost. Capt. Hodges said he maneuver-
ed about the place where the barge
capsized for some time. but the body
never came to the surface.
The 50.foot yacht Oneida. valued
at $40, geo, and the property Of Cacace
Bros. Of Norfolk. stevedores. on the
deck of the barge, was lost. The yacht
was being shipped to Florida. where
members Of the Cacace family are
Wintering.
Capt. Hodges said the barge waa
the last on the tow line Of three, and
he was not in a position to say just
what caused 1t to capsize. He BE-
lieved, however, 1t was leaking.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
JOAN IN A
1.-THE Gracious Gift of God"

crowd that fitted from villa to villa
that shone Respondent with it's jewels
and it's velvet backs at the Casino
opera; or rode. in pairs. through the
quiet lanes that wandered back from
the main roads by the sea. She pro
fessed. openly. to be ever at the erge
Of indiscretion: but one was quietl!
confident that she never was. She
was barely 80. but repeatedly an
nounced that she was In immincnr
danger Of being arrested, or fined, o:
something like that, for having de-
liberately Topped off two years from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
Jewelry Salesman Robbed.

CINCINNATI, December IL CP.-
Forced into an automobile by four
men yesterday Walter Decker, a Jew.
elry salesman, was driven to the out
skirts of the city and robbed Of $S.065
and a diamond pin valued at 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
National Radio Report in Print.

The proceedings and recommends
tons Of the fourth national radio con-
ference is now in press at the Govern
ment Printing Office, and will soon be
offered to tho public by the superin.
tendent q documents, q . nominal
price.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
RADIO SERVICE

Wen Fix Your Set Or No Charge
4AdiQ electrician. recommended By Lcoan3s
Dcparfmeusal Dal1e shop
11So Pa. Ava NV. IMakta oooA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
FIFTEEN MINUTES OF
RADIO EACH DAY
BY JOSEPH CALCATERRA.
All Rights Reserved. Repro. Prohibited
The Principles Underlying Trans
former Action.
Part w


Part ".
In transformers used for ordinary
power work the primary and secon-
dairy windings are often wound on op-
posite legs Of the iron core, as shown
In figure I. In the audio frequency
transformers used in radio the two
windings are wound one over the
other, as shown in yesterdays article:
The primary winding Is first wound
over the core. Special care Is taken
to insulate the winding Thoroughly
from the iron core. SO that there will
be no danger of a direct connection
between the core and the winding.
The secondary winding Is then placed
over the primary winding. 80 that the
two form concentric winding. as
shown In figure 2. where the inner
white portion represents the core. the
black portion the primary winding
and the outer white portion the secon-
dairy winding.
AS used in audio frequency circuits.
the audio frequency transformer Is
essentially a voltage step-up device.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
LocalRadio Entertainment
Saturday, Dec. IL, 1925.
NAA-Naval Radio Station, Radio, Va.
tt3i.5 Meters)

3:45 p.na.-W Gather Bureau reports.
1905 p.m.-Neather Bureau reports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
TEMPORARY AUTHORITY
FOR SEVEN STATIONS
Secretary Hoover Approves Appu-
cations Pending Consideration Of
Regular Licenses to Broadcast.

The following broadcasting stations
have been granted temporary author
ity by Secretary Hoover to broadcast,
pending the consideration of their
regular licenses. In the meantime.
these stations are inspected and
logged for interference, if any, which
will be a vital factor In determining
whether or not they will be regularly
licensed. None OF these stations is
actually new; ell Of them were built
and ready to operate and had filed
applications prior to the recent radio
conference,
Wave
Power. length.
Of Jacksonville. ..:;.... 1000 1885, o
VIDAL Baltimore. Md. Con-
solidated Gas & Elec. Co.. 1000 374 g
KvO0 Bristow. Okla: Voice of
Oklahoma. formerly KFRU- 1.500 374.S
KFQB. Fort Worth. Tex:
Searchlight Pub. Co. 49,. 1000 263
KMMJ Clay Center. Nebr.: NJ.
M johnson Co. ......... 500 1888
we" &s.hedist c cEi o.: ir,"i's so 2s7.7
KFXR Oklahoma City: Clsssen
Film Finishing Co ..... 10 2142
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12

WCAP-Ch esapeake and Potomac
Telephone Co. 1888 Metersi.
Silent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12
WAX. Jacksonville. Fla: City
RADIOS BEST OFFERINGS
TONIGHT

First concert of Liederkranz
Society, WGY and WIZ, $50
o'clock.
Concert from the Eastern
State Penitentiary, WIP, $50
to II O'Clock.
Novelty program by Ev.
tones and the Coo Coo Club,
WTAM, 9 to II o'clock.
Warmers Theater program,
WGBS, 9:20 to 1880 o'clock.
St. Louis Symphony Orches-
ira. KSD, $50 o'clock.
"Cranda!'s Saturday Night
ers," WRC, 80 to II o'clock.
Dance program by Vincent
Lopez and his orchestra,
WEAF. II to IL o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-12

CONTINUED in Tomorrow Starr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
BERNARD LEONARD
CLAIMED BY DEATH
Eighty-Year-0ld Resident Was fol
Many Years in Real Estate
Business.

Bernard Leonard, so years old. for
many years in the real estate bust
ness in this city. died in Emergency
Hospital yesterday after a lingering
illness Mr.. Leonard's illness was
caused by his being hit by an auto
mobile last July. The identity of the
driver of the car has never been as
certained.
4 native Of Ireland Mr. Leonard
came to this country when IA years
old and settled in Richmond. He
came to this city in 1877 and engag aged
in the real estate business in South
west Washington
He was president of the Enterprise
Serial Building Association, president
of the Mutual Investment Fire In
surance Company and a director of
the Federal American National Bank
and the Park Savings Bank.
He is survived by a daughter, Mrs
Mary F.. Edwards; three grandchil-
dren. Mrs. Mae E Butscher, Bernard
r. Edwards and James IT. Edwards,
and two brothers, Nicholas and Fran
els Leonard
Funeral services will be conducted
at the Sacred Heart Catholic Church
Wednesday morning at o'clock. In
terment will be in Mount Olivet Gem
etery. Mr.. Leonard lived at 1853
Harvard street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
BR|TON TO PRESIDE
AT LEAGUE SESSION
Action on Peace Protocol
Likely in March-Chamber-
lain May Occupy Chair.

BY the Associated Press
GENEVA, February 16.-En gland
will have the presidency IF the
March meeting of the League of
Nations council and Foreign Secrs-,
tary Chamberlain is expected to oc-
cupy the chair at the session. which,
1t is believed will throw light on the
future of the peace protocol
While the league was announcing
this today. representatives of coun-
tries with seats on the council as
stmbled to ;.gree on the pro 'edure
they will follow when they meet as
the leagues disarmament commits
sion. Alfranio Mello Franco of
Srazil who is president of the
council until the March session, pre-
sided at today's meeting. 1t was
decided that the council and the conf
mission would sit separately after
the latter had finished its agenda and
formulated 4 special report to the
council.
Arms Control On Agendn.
The main item on the disarmament
commissions program is the question
OF the convocation of an international
conference for the control of the priv
ate manufacture of arms.
Col EbeneZer Carnegie of Canada
and Leon JouhauX. first vice president
of the International Trade Union
Federation. have both elaborated
drafts of conventions. The feature
of the labor draft in that the private
manufacture of arms shall be pro-
hihited altogether
BESIDES the representatives Of
countries on the council, the disarma-
ments commission includes delegates
of technical organizations of the
league and representatives of both
labor and capital
German Armament Up.
1t is understood that the question
of the Leagues control of German
ornaments will be discussed here by
Paul Boncour of France with Ronald
MCNEIL, undersecretary of the British
Foreign Office, while both are here
attending the meeting of the disarma-
ment commission.
Now Gen. Henri Desticker has
been named president of the Leagues
commission the inquiry of the League
only awaits the formal turning over
of the armament question by the in
terallied board. NJ. Boncour and Mr..
Mcneil wish to discuss the details of
the commissions functions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
Relieved From Duty.

Brig. Gen. Frank Mccoy has been
relieved from duty At headquarters,
Philippine Department.. at Manila. eff
fective on the arrival there of Brig.
Gen. Halstead Dorey and ordered to
San Francisco for further orders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
White Costume
Slips, Special, $1.98

Of lingette and English
broa d clio h-hip hens.
plain and hemstitched
bodice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
The "Queen Make"
Uniform, $2.98

The nurses uniform which
is much in demand. Made OF
fine quality linene, in straight
line models. Sizes SO to a.
Third Eronr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
Novelty Nightgowns
Special Values ST.

Made of Villa loom" crepe, satine lingette, Main
sock and wolfe. Tailored styles models trimmed in
dainty 1aces and contrasting ppings. White and
coors. Regular and extra sizes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16
S5.49 Mallinson's
"Mandarine Cord"
for $4.98 Yard

40 inches wide. Heavy weight, yet
plant and possessing high sheen. De-
lightful for ensemble and for frocks.
Shown in the new Spring shades.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16

Palais Royal-second Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-02-16

PaIais RoyaI-Third Floor.
Evening star., 1925-12-13

John c. Smith, a Los Angeles inventor, whose
work may revoutonize flying The photograph
shows his model of serni-r gid dirigible-a COM
binaton of arplane and dirigible. which links to-
gether the heavier and lighter than air craft. 1t
is reported that Henry Ford is interested in the
Smith patents. or 4 rhoo.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25
TAKING LIFE
OF Prisoners is Opposed By
N. Y. Judge

New York.-Abolition of capital
punishment has failed as crime de-
terrent, said Judge Francis l. Man.
cuse before a state legislative COM
mittee that is holding hearings in
this city.
although officially l must obey the
law and sentence men to death, l be-
lieve the death penalty should be
abolished" said Judge Mancuse.
"Sentimentality affects jurors.
They don't want the defendants
death on their consciences. Witnesses
in such cases are hard to obtain. |
favor making life Imprisonment the
penalty for murder in the first degree
and taking away from the states ex-
ecutive officer the power to pardon.
Il am opposed to the use in court
of confessions made to the police.
/ am against the third degree. Con-
fessions should be made to the pre-
siding officer in tribunal of justice
in order to have effect in trial or
to be permitted therein"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25
Government Continues Fight
To Win Decision In Famous
Nonunion Millwork Case

agreement to the effect that union
carpenters were prohibited from in
stalling non-union-made trim.
The case was originally tried before
a jury in the court of District Judge
Adam G. Cliffe, who assessed fines ag-
gregating about 100000 against those
convicted
Hope Thompson, attorney for the
union, presented Sc alleged errors of
the trial court The circuit court of
appeals, however, gave consideration
to but one error and based its rever-
sal on that alone.
No Proof Shown of Alleged Crime
In handing down its decision, the
court said, in part:
"The indictment charged defend
ants with combining or conspiring to
prevent manufacturing plants located
outside Of the city of Chicago and
in toher states than Illinois from
selling and delivering their building
material in and shipping the same to
said city of Chicago The Indictment
thus drawn charged an interference
with, an obstruction to, or a preven-
tion of, shipments in interstate COM
merce.
"The proof, however, disclosed
merely an agreement between defend
ants whereby union defendants were
not to work upon -union-made
millwork.
-union-made goods were made
n Illinois, as well as outside of Illi-
nois. Union-made millwork was also
produced outside of Illinois, as well as
in the state In other words, demand
for millwork in Chicago could be sup
piled from all parts of the United
States
Ban Was Placed on Non-union Trim
''The agreement which the defend
ants entered into merely dealt with
millwork which was the product of
non-unon labor. 1t mattered not
where the millwork was produced,
whether in or outside of Illinois, if it
bore the union label. The restriction
was not against the shipment of mill
work into Illinois. 1t was against
non-union-made millwork produced
in or out of Illinois,"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25
Mine PROFITS
Ignored By Financial Editor
C0ndemning Wage In
crease Demand

Springfield, Ill.-The Journal of
Commerce, Chicago, is mournful that
the ultimate consumer is called upon
to pay 10 per cent increase to an
thracite miners. This financial journal
refers to the miners position as an
"extortionate demand"
''Not word here" says the Illinois
Miner, "about profits of the hard-coal
carrying railroads, which are owned
by the same crowd that owns the
mines, and no mention of huge profits
made by anthracite operators them
selves"
1t is shown that the profits of these
operators, as announced by the
United States coal commission, is
$100,000,000 annually, exclusive of
royalties, profits of railroads, selling
corporations and other under-cover
subsidiaries that are owned, to large
extent by the anthracite operators.
In the two years, 1922, the Lehigh
Coal Company paid in dividends more
than double the amount invested in
the property During the same Pc
riod the Hilldale Iron and Coal Com
pany returned to it's stockholders four
times the amount of the total invest
ed. During the seven years ending
1922 dividends of this concern equall-
ed 725 per cent on the investment, in
cluding water, or an average of 100
per cent year Sinse 1912 the Penn
sylvania Coal Company paid to its
stockholders six times its total capi-
talization
"On the whole it can be safely
said," continues the Illinois Miner,
"that the few thousand absentee own
ers of the 500 sections of anthracite
coal land, the coal roads and the sub
sidiary companies received as much
in dividends as the 175,000 coal min
ers, office employees, mine managers
and technicians who produced the
coal received in wages. And yet the
miners are accused of 'robbing the
public when they ask for 10 per
cent increase in their meager wages"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25

BY Staff Correspondent, International
Labor News Service.
Chicago.-Offcers and members of
the SO local unions affiliated with the
Carpenters District Council of Chi
cago were greatly surprised when
officers of the council were served
with notice recently that the depart
ment of justice intended to appeal to
the United States supreme court from
the decision handed down by the
United States circuit court of appeals
reversing the conviction and fines of
officers of the Carpenters Union and
union manufacturers of millwork for
violation of the Sherman antitrust
law.
Fifteen officers of the Carpenters
Union here and 10 Chicago manufac-
turers of millwork are involved in the
appeal case. There were 62 defend
ants originally, some of whom paid
their fines
All of the union men and 10 of the
manufacturers appealed to the circuit
court of appeals, with the result that a
decision revising their conviction in
the district court was handed down
last June.
Case Carried to Supreme Court
The administration at Washington,
not satisfied with the verdict of the
circuit court of appeals, has petition
ed the supreme court for writ of
certiorari. Should the writ be grant
ed, the whole case will be reviewed by
the supreme court.
The petition for the writ of certi-
orari is signed by William d. Mitchell,
solicitor general of the United States
William J. Donovan, assistant attor
ney general, and Roger Shale and
Rush H. Williamson, special assist
ants to the attorney general. The
answer to the petition is being pre-
pared by Hope Thompson, attorney
for the Carpenters District Council.
The petition and answer will be sub
mitted to the supreme court without
oral argument on October End.
Suit Began Four Years Ago
This appeal by the government to
the United States supreme court
against the $4,000 union carpenters
of Chicago and their officers grows
out of the famous prosecution started
about four years ago against II off
GERS of the Carpenters Union, six
leading contractors, and about 45
manufacturers of millwork in Chi
cago, charging conspiracy in re-
straint of trade because of the pro-
visions in the carpenters working
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25
PACKERS COMBINE
LEGAL

MISUNDERSTANDING of Agri-
culture Jardine has ruled that the
merging of the Morris Packing Com
pany with Armour is not violation
of the packers and stockyards' act.
The case has been before three sec
retaries of agriculture.
The merger resulted in several
hundred Morris employees losing their
pensions. These workers were en-
ployes at the Morris plants for many
years. They worked long hours and
for low wages and refused to affiliate
with the trade union movement be-
cause they believed their pensions
would protect themi in old age. They
took their case to the courts, but a
Chicago judge held they have no re-
course.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1925-09-25
ANTHRACITE COAL
In Hands of Spectators
Awaiting Jumping
Prices

New York.-Speculators have 500,.
600 tons of anthracite coal stored on
barges in this vicinity waiting until
they can create an artificial panic and
raise prices. 1t is claimed that there
are 100000 tons held within 20 miles
of this cry + the same Enrposc
The president Of &c large ccai com.
pany says both the East and Hudson
rivers are crowded with coal-laden
barges and that this coal ''is not for
sale except at prices which are pro-
hibitive."
"If all the coal available in New
York waters was released for distri-
button at fair prices the present So
called shortage would disappear"
the coal dealer said Wipe out spec
ulation and you eliminate the sole rea-
son for the price advance.
at is impossible to say precisely
who owns all this coal. For one thing,
it had been sold and resold a number
of times, each speculator tacking on
his profit No one wants to claim it
and admit he is taking advantage of
the situation to exact huge profits.
Therefore each owner or group of
owners is keeping mum as far as his
identity goes.
"If everyone makes rush for coal
now panic situation will be created,
which will be disastrous to everyone
but the 'scalpers' or spectators who
have been accumulating coal for this
very purpose
Coal that is held in barges is add
ing to it's cost through demurrage,
wharfage charges and rent for the
barges. These charges will be passed
on to the consumer, who will also be
expected to pay the increased price
demanded by the speculator.
Last week President Lewis, of the
United Mine Workers, said that there
was no excuse for price increases as
coal now marketed was mined for the
same prices as that sold prior to the
suspension.