davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-11-04
Wants Constitution Drafted.

COBURG, Germany. November Np).
Grand Duke Cyril Of Russia, who
last year proclaimed himself En-
peror of all the Russias," yesterday
appointed a commission instructed to
draft a new Russian constitution. ac-
cording to a model submitted by him.
Evening star., 1925-11-04

peace, and told Of the necessity of Eu-
ropean countries combating this propa-
ganda.
The speaker declared that he had
gone to Europe with certain ideas re-
garding situations in the different
countries. but added that he had most
of his opinions changed while on the
other side of the Atlantic. indicating
that fust-hand information is neces-
sary in order to obtain a correct per-
SDectiye
Evening star., 1925-11-04

Marchioness Townshend, well known
British society woman, has opened
a hotel for the working classes in
London
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
CARE OF STORAGE
BATTERY IS SIMPLE

A storage battery needs to be kept
active By frequent charge and dis
charge. 1t contains groups of lead
plates, to which chemical paste is at
tached. and the whole is suspended in
a solution of sulphuric acid and water.
The plates absorb and discharge the
acid into the water during the process
of electrical discharge and charge.
The condition of the solution is
ascertained by means Of hydrometer,
which gives a direct reading of the
specific gravity of density of the So
luton. When the battery is discharged
the readirE is about 1900, or slightly
less; II is time for the battery to be
promptly charged, and if left long in
this condition the plates become dam
aged.
At the completion Of charge the So
luton has n density of about 1915 or
1900. when it may be returned to
service on the receiver.
Each cell reads two volts on volt
meter, and three cells connected in Sc
ries. read six volts. Immediately after
charge. the battery may read higher
than six voldts, but it will drop to
the right value in few moments of
discharge, when connected TO the fila
mcnts Of the tubes.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
SHORT WAVE SET, LOW
VOLTAGE ON PLATE,
GOOD FOR DISTANCE

Can five-watt transmitting tube
equal the results produced by fifty.
watt? Amateur radio experimcnters
throughout the United States are deep.
ly interested in comparisons because
many of them cannot afford the Access
series necessary to operate the fifty.
watt tube.
The first announcement of the re-
suits of short wave tests carried out
at the Garden City laboratory. where
the Radio Broadcast Everrcndy ex'
pcriments are being made, showed that.
under somewhat unfavorable condi'
tons, five-watt tube with only 200
volts of dry b battery on the plate
was good for communication range
of about 1000 miles.
Tests were conducted by the Gar
den City laboratory with amateur
station AIR, Gastonia. North Carolina,
from the experimental station. 2GY. A
five-watt tube, with 200 volts on the
plate, was used and it drew As watts.
AIR is approximately 800 miles from
2GY. Then the input to the tube was
reduced and communication establish.
cd with station 4KW at Jacksonville.
Fla. When the input read only ~
watts, 4KW reported that the 2GY
signals were R4 to Rs, which means
fair to moderately strong" at dis
lance Of 9S3 miles.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
ANNOUNCER WRITES
BROADCAST BOOK

Since the earliest days of broad
casting. Albert Downing has been a
familiar figure and voice to the audi
ences of Cleveland radio stations but
in spite of this, few radio fans know
the extent of Downins's radio activi-
ties. While radio men have been per.
fecting radio receivers and broadcast.
ing sets, Downing has been studying
along another line in connection with
the science.
Early in his experiences, he discov-
cred that n voice of undeniable quality
for concert work will. often, when APP
piled to radio, compare very unfavor-
ably with a voice that is decidedly
inferior from the concert standpoint.
He also discovered that any voice
of natural quality can be trained for
radio work when it might be hopeless
for concert work. but that voice of
operate quality needs special training
for radio in most instances.
The result of his research will soon
be offered to the public in the form of
book on radio broadcasting for stu
dents in voice culture. Downing Is
without doubt an authority on the
subject and is writing his book in the
form of an instruction manual.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
EIGHT MESSAGES SENT
AT ONCE ON SAME WIRE

Eight kilograms over one wire--at
the same time!
At this statement, the layman in
stinctively throws up his hands and
says: Wonderful, but too deep for
mel" As a matter fact, the prin'
ciples are simple and easily under
stood.
For example, single copper wire
extends between Chicago and New
York. At each end of the wire are
four operators pounding kcyboards
that perforate tape which is automat.
ically translated into electrical I'm
pulses. At each end Of this tiny wire
there are also four typewriter like
machines called printers that receive
these electrical impulses and change
them automatically into the proper
letters and then types these letters on
a blank or paper tape. The receiving
operators do nothing but feed the yell
low blanks to the machine.
HOW 1T WORKS.
Now, this is the way 1t works: The
electrical impulses travel over the
wire in rotation-operntor A in New
York to printer A in Chicago; next
from operator B in New York 70
printer b in Chicago; then C; then II
then back to A again and SO on.
This rotation is accomplished by
means of two revolving wheels called
distributors, one in New York, til,
other in Chicago. These wheels re-
volve at exactly the same speed and
are so controlled that when the wheel
at New York has electrically con-
nected the wire to New York's A
operator, the wheel at Chicago re-
ceives these electrical impulses and
deposits them neatly into the auto
matte typewriter A at Chicago. Dur
ing the next quarter-revolution Of the
two wheels the b operator at New
York sends the impulses into the 3
typewriter at Chicago. Then, on the
next quartcr-revolution the G opera
tors at New York send to the G typ.
writers at Chicago, and so on.
MESSAGES ARE SPLIT.
This procedure is easily illustrated
by taking. for instance. four messages
at New York, ca operator having
one message TO sell 10 Chicago.
A operator: COME AT ONCE.
B operator: SHIP TEN DOZEN.
G operator: WILL MEET YOU.
ID operator: LOVE FROM ALL.
As each operator begins to send.
the letters are picked up by the dis.
tributors and sent over the line in
the following order: CSWLOHIOMI-
LVEPLE ATMFTEER n f o o
TMND COYAEZOL EUL n. The dis
tributor at Chicago picks up these let
tiers as fast as they come in and cleo
trically sorts them out to the differ
ent automatic typewritcrs in one, two.
three order.
As result, the four typewriter
printers at Chicago will turn out four
perfect messages just as they started
from New York, the actual transmits
sion taking less than three seconds
for all four messages. II you we're
observing the operators, you would see
that they were typewriting continuous.
ly. The distributor interrupts the cir.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
WAVE LENG I'll
AS 4 BASIS
|SPASS|NG
'Kilocycle' or Frequency
Rating New Being
Adopted.

In radio "kilocycle' is gradually
taking the place OF "wave length, "
says the bureau of standards. All
listeners and users of sets will want
to know and understand the new rat
ing which increasingly governs their
tuning in. The logging of dials on
the kilocycle basis is found to have
certain advantages.
Already one of the oldest stations
is announcing its broadcasts on the
"kilocycle" or frequency rating. 1t
is really quite simple, for frequency
(waves per second) replaces wave
lengths lin meters).
Just as n musician can vary the
number of oscillations of his vocal
chords, but cannot-control the length
of the sound waves, which vary with
the medium, so a radio station can
vary the number of oscillations per
second. and let the wave lengths be
what they will.
The kilocycle system, therefore. Of
fers broadcast rating basis which
can be fixed with absolute definite
ness. while wave length does not.
"kilocycle" means a thousand
cycles, hence a broadcast on a 500
kilocycle frequency emits 100000
radio waves per second.
The bureau is about to issue ia
Bile so that all can. at a glance, trans
late from the old rating by "wave
length" lin meters) into the new rat
ing by frequency Tin kilocycles), and
vice versa. Radio waves travel with
the speed of light, about 100000 kilo-
meters (1S5000 miles, per second.
Dividing this by the wave length
gives the frequency; dividing by the
frequency gives the wave length. Di-
vide 100000 by the wave length in
meters and the answer is in kilo-
cycles. Or divide 100000 by the
number Of kilocycles and the answer
is the wave length In meters. 1t is
that the ratio is the same
both ways: 100 meters equals 5000
kilocycles; 100 kilocycles is 5000 me-
ters.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
HETER0DYN|NC
OBJECT Of US.
A 7 7 A c K
Department Of Commerce
Declares Properly Tuned
Stations Innocent.

WASHINGTON, d. c., Oct. g.
The Department of Commerce is at
tempting to minimize heterodyne in
reference which has troubled so
many fans, according to DR.. G. b..
Joliffe, an engineer OF the Bureau
Of Standards.
AT times, when tuning in a broad
casting station" says Mr.. Jolifee,
"there Is heard in the receiving set
a whistling sound whose pitch fire
quency) cannot be changed, no mat
ter what is done to the controls of
the set. As the tuning adjustments
are changed the whistle reaches
greatest intensity Mt one point on the
dials and dies away gradually as they
are turned from this tuning point.
The fact that the note remains the
same pitch distinguishes it from the
whistle of varying pitch cbirdiesD
produced by your own or some other
PERSONS generating (oscillating) re-
ceiving set.
IF the tuning controls are turned
slowly while one listens carefully 1t
will usually be found that there are
two stations which can be heard very
close together when the whistle is at
its maximum loudness. These two
transmitting stations are beating
and producing the whistle.
THE assignment of frequencies by
the Department of Commerce TO the
Transmitting station is such that two
Class b stations operating simultane-
ously should not be closer In frequency
than 10000 cycles. Two stations
having a difference in their fire.
quencies of 10000 cycles produce a
beat note which is too high to be
readily audible. So If all Glass B
broadcasting stations maintain ac-
curately the frequency which they
are legally entitled to use they would
produce no beat interference.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
7.HOUR PROGRAM.

On Friday, October 2, KFDM
Beaumont, Tex, celebrated its first
anniversary with program lasting
from Z y. m, Central Standard time,
to 2 a, m.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
NATIONAL RADIO
CONFERENCE IN FALL

WASHINGTON, D. c., Oct. 3. =
A radio conference will be held this
fall in Washington, Secretary Of Com
merce Hoover announced. The date
has not yet been fixed, but reports
that there would be no annual con-
ference are not true, Secretary Hoov-
er said.
1t is understood that Judge s. II.
Davis. the solicitor of the department,
and officials Of the radio section adj
vised strongly against another con-
ference, fearing probably that it would
either get out of hand or complicate
matters to a greater extent than at
present.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04

cult 30 quickly that the flow Of words
Is practically unbroken.
BY electrically balancing the line.
four operators at Chicago are also en-
abled to send simultaneously to the
operators of four automatic printer
machines in New York City. Thus,
We have a total of sixteen operators,
four sending and four receiving from
each direction-all on one small cop
per wire! What a wonderful asset to
the American business man this ca.
pacity for communication, this Ger.
tainty of operation, this speed that an
initiates distance and enables n
man to finish today what he began
today.
The process Of electricGS balancing
is rather technical but is accomplished
by making the Chicago receiving ap.
paratus operate Independently of the
Chicago transmitting apparatus, pre-
cisely as is done in radio when the
broadcast listener tunes out his local
stations.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
TO HEAR
P[AY-bY-PLAY
REPORT
Direct Wire to Ball Park
to Furnish Speedy
News Service.

San Antonio radio fans will know
every play in the world series almost
as soon as the fortunate fans sitting
in the blcachers at Washington and
Pittsburgh.
Broadcasting through station
VICAR. The Light will put every
move of the national baseball classic
on the air, just as play-by-play de-
scriptions of the Texas League and
Dixie series games were broadcast to
the fans during the summer.
Special wires, direct from the north
ern ball parks will bring the world
series into The Light office. The
Lights announcer will speak into u
remote control microphone connected
with station VICAR, the plant of the
Southern Radio Corporation on Pecan
street.
Starting with the first game Of the
series, The Light will broadcast every
hit, every ball and strike, the tele-
graph operator on the scene furnish
ing a word picture of what is golns
on upon the faraway diamond. The
service will be the most rapid avail
able to fans in Southwest Texas.
VICAR will broadcast on 263 me
tiers. Owners of crystal sets within
twenty miles Of the station will have
no trouble in tuning in The Light,
while tube sets hundreds Of miles dis
tant will pick up the signals clearly.
Remember. fans, Wednesday, OctO-
Der Z is the big day. The games arc
called at / p. m, San Antonio time,
but the broadcast will begin somewhat
earlier.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
World Series Be Broadcast By The Light Station W. CAR
BIG TROUBLES GROW
FROM SMALL CAUSES

Poor insulation is sometimes the
cause Of poor signal strength.
The minimum working voltage Of
a detector tube is about seventeen
volts.
Some detectors require very crit.
ical filamcnt adjustments for best re'
suits.
The low current consumption
tubes will run off the battery a
long time without having 1t charged
The capacity of n variable coa.
denser will be changed in regard "a
dial readings if any Of the plates DO,
come bent.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
Tune in Tonight
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4.

1900 a. M: KF'DM. Baptist church
I<FRU. services: KTHs, services;
WBAP, services: WLW. Church OF
the Covenant; WoAI. First Pres
byterian church; WSB. Presbyter-
ian services
1900 M: KoA, Congregational church.
1880 p. m: wBAP. chlldren's hour.
$500 p. nn.: KFRU. vespers; wsB. twi-
light services.
$3.50 p. M: KOA, organ.
$500 p. M: XII. services.
$50 p. m: wFAA, radio class.
700 p. M: wMBB. semi-classlcal pro-
gram.
7:45 p. m: wSB. services
$500 y. M: kFDM, services: KPRC,
Church OF Christ: wFAA. Baptist
vices; WCBD, string and mixed
quartet; WOAI. Central Christian
church: wTAs. program.
s:i5 y. m: XII. music appreciation
chat.
$3.50 p. M. KoA. church services.
$500 y. M: XII. organ recital; KTHS,
program: wOAW. Zion church I;
WORD. choral singers; wMBB, or
chestra.
9:15 p. M: WHIT. program.
$3.50 D. m: WF,AA. orchestra; wOAI.
concert: woo, Little Symphony
orchestra.
1000 p. M: XII. classic hour; KTHs,
organ.
1900 p. M: XII, orchestra.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
ADDITIONAL CELLS
MULTIPLY VOLTAGE

When two or more cells connected
in series. with the positive terminal
of one joined to the negative terminal
of the next cell, the voltage obtained
is that of one cell multiplied by the
number of cells connected. In the
case of three-cell storage battery,
such ms is commonly used for lighting
the filamcnts Of vacuum tubes, the
combined voltage is three times the
voltage of one cell, which is two,
making it a six-volt battery. Z
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-10-04
RADIO SUPPLANTS
OLD STORE STOVES

Supplanting the old stove in many
a country store today is to be found
the radio loud speaker. Men gath.
cred around the stove a generation
ago and talked-now around the loud
speaker they listen.
At the little town of Acton, on the
edge Of the Mojave Desert. the store
keeper has provided n radio receiver
for his customers. Every evening
they flock in to hear radio programs,
according TO l.. A. Barrett of the For.
estry Service, in n recent interview.
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
MARSEILLAISE AS IRISH ANTHEM
PreCedes One Of Toughest Rugby
 Matches Ever Played

a Paris, Feb 6,-"La Marseillaise' played as the national anthem of the irish Free State, came as surprise to the SOsOO spectators who attcnd- ed the Francc-lrcland rugby match at the ColomDes Olympic stadium January l. Few knew that behind sthe rendition Of the martial strains of Rougct de Iislc's masterpiece sthere mrked the settlement of a diplomatic problem which has pug slcd the French Rugby Federation Since the creation Of the Irish Free State,
 In order not to wound any sus- cepubiily, the Union Jack and the flag of the Irish Free State were afown on each side of the French tri- color.
 "What anthem shall we play when zyou march upon the hcId"" the .anresldant of the French Rugby Fed Iteration asked Captain Crawford Of .-the Irish team. Both Ulster and Hf he SGllh DI lIFldDh NElV tlSP'N asentcd on the Irish team. The lat t4er objected to God Save the King v swhile the former were spared the fnecessity of protesting against the aHational anthem of the Irish Free state by the announcement of the leader of the military band on duty at the stadium, that his men could rnot play it. X "Just play the Marseillaise and we will go on the field at the same tlme as the French team,' CraW- ford 'nnaIly said,
 z Both teams walked in arm in arm A few moments later they were us ing the straight arm blow and dig
 ging their fists into Cne another al sevcry scrimmage in what proved tc be one of the toughest matches eVel
 played. in the International Rugo! Union.
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
CLAIMS DISTINCTION
Savannah Postmaster Says That First Aerial Mall Service Was ln- augurated There in 1911.

Rio De Janeiro, Feb, G,--All of southern Brazil IS still under state of siege. President Arthur Bernardes has signed a decree extending to Arrll 80 the special form of federal control which the Ea2illan consti- tution authorizes it, times of inter- nal revolt. The staNos included in the extension are RIO de Janeiro' Sao Paulo, Matto Crosse Parana' santa Calharina, Rio Grando do Sul and the federal district in the south and Amazonus. Para and sergipc in the north.
 These measures are not 10 be con fused with martial law and should not convey the idea that business is necessarily interrupted. According tg a recent opinion written by pr. G Natal. . justice Of the federal supreme court. the state of siege trmporarily suspends the constitu- Horal prorogativcs guaranteeing in- ItyiduaI liberty in normal times, au- thorizing the arrest and detention Of participants in internal disturbances, which the state of siege is intended 10 check"
 The federal government, since July of last year, has censored news papers and foreign press associa- tlons, arrested and detained without
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
GERNICIDAL POWER ,OF SUN IS PROVEN
Bureau of Standards and Health
 Service Show Proof

@ Washington, Feb. 6.--In tracing aout the reasons why sunlight has s.power to destroy germ life, fact along known and put to use by every
 housewife who has "aired out athings, the Bureau of Standards and tbe Public Health Service have pro- sduced positive germicidal results.
 N A public document now in course
 of publication, by w. W. Coblentz
 and H. R. Fulton, research men as
 signed to the work, recounts find irgs in the field which will be of Especial value to professional and Sscientifc workers.
 +g It was long ago established that
 the germicidal power of sunlight
 came largely from it's actinic or in visible rays, and for the sake of the
 experiemcnt, these were produced in measured quantities and charac- steristics by heated mercury Vapor, aand screened through quartz lenses. sThe Public Health Service furnished Large quantities of germs for the testing, one type, bacterium coli
 communis, being that which is most
 srnouently encountered in sewage
 tainted water.| 4. The germ colonies, properly ex- isposed to the rays were found to die in less than one second, ill some sscases. The scientists worked out the
 mortality produced by each differ .ent wave length of the visible light !. rays. and have compiled the detail -sof their findings in the document .wf.ah will be shortly available.
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
ton of game in the southern re

ton of game in the southern re- public, observers here say.
 Establishment of specified open game seasons according to zones, into which the various states arc divided, are provided under the new law. according to NIT. Tinker. who has returned to Tucson from an ex- tended trip through the game regions of tho Mexican west coast But ono month each year '--- De- tobor is set aside for deer hunt ing along the coast, he said. The law protects both whitehall and blacktail deer from tho hunters.
 Three large zones, embracing re- 'spectively the central, northern and coast regions, are provided. In each zone the bag limit on deer will be four for hunter during the open season.
 > In the central zone the open deer season will begin Sept. 1 and close Oct. 31. and in the northern zone the season will begin Oct. 1 and end Nov. 30. Similar seasons are established on bear shooting, with the oae-month rule also applying in this instance on the west coast, where wild beasts are more plenti- ful than in other parts of the re- public.
 The hopes of Dr, William H. Hornaday, manager of the Perma- nent Wild Life Protection Fund, are realized in the new law. design ed primarily, according 10 MT. Tin kcr, to stop wholesale slaughter of Mexico's big game by Mexican mar ket hunters and American trophy hunters.
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
MEXICO PROTECTS
 ITS WILD ANIMALS
No Sport for Big Game Hunters
 in Southern Republic

Tucson, Aria, Feb 6. w Dusk las fallen on the big game hunters day in Mexico. Thousands of deer, bear and wild hogs roaming the hunting grounds of the northern mountain ranges will be saved from oyerzealous hunters under restric- tions invoked by the chamber of deputies upon the recommendation of Ben Tinker Tucson. MeNicos American game warden,
 Free hunting the year round, without regard for season or bag limit, which heretofore has made the Sinaloa and Sonora mountains q hunters paradise, has been abol- ished under complete new struc- ture of game laws parallehng the American game restrictions, and the first on record for the preserva-
New Britain herald., 1925-02-06
Home Made
 Cough Mixture {. Considered Best
Spreads Over Membrane, Soothcs Heals and stops Cough Almost
 Instantly.
Cost But A TrifIe

2 Make your own cough syrup in two minutes at home if you want the best.
 < Simple coughs, or stubborn coughs, 1t doesn't matter which, this home made mixture will stops them quick CT than any expensive tough syrup you can buy ready made.
 It's fine for chest colds too and for acute nasal catarrh.
 Get from any druggist one ounce 6f Parmint (double strength)-to this add little granulated sugar and enough water to make one half pint 4-that's all there is to it, and chil- aren like it.
 x Like a soothing, healing poulticc one costly substance in this home made cough mixture spreads itself Completely over the membrane Of fhe throat. This causes the most stubborn hang-on cough to cease al- host instantly. No ordinary slow atting cough syrup contains this ex- pensixe ingredient.
 X And remember-any remedy that oscrcomes catarrh, partially or wholly. Is bound to be of benefit to hose who are troubled with head noises and catarrhal deafness.
 Get Parmint and get better.