davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Perils i'm Senate Secret
Sessions Cited by Walsh

CONTINUED from First Page.)
important functions intrusted to it.
chinery of our Government with a set
of safety devices, and these instru-
ments were intended to be used.
There is a good explanation of the
Senate's awakened interest in its re-
sponsbility for the appointment of
honest and efficient executive officials.
Has not the country recently had an
unfortunate experience with a Secre-
tary of the Interior, in control of the
vast public domains of the nation,
and with an Attorney General, the
director of the most vital department
of the Government, and with direc-
tor of the Veterans Bureau, which
expends one-tenth of the enormous
Government expenditures?
Is not this good reason why the
Senate should hesitate about accept
ing the ipse dictum of any president
in the future when he submits ap-
pointments?
The alleged scandals revealed, some
times baseless, all political observers
agree, have awakened the United
States Senate to a realization of its
duty. It's action in the Warren case
is illustrative. 1t was not an attempt
to embarrass President Coolidge. The
Constitution presumes that a Senator,
as much as the President, should
perform his duty as he sees it. The
best proof of the Senate's sincerity in
the Warren case is that the action
was taken finally by the President s
own party. The minority in the SEN
ate is numerically unable to defeat
anY appointment.
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Parent-Teacher Activities

ton. Mrs. Fraser, chairman of the
clothes conservation for the Congress
of Parent-Teachers, gave a talk on
the work of her department. This
association has a 100 per cent mem
bership of teachers and to show it's
appreciation an Eastern luncheon was
given them by the chairman of mem
bership and the grade mothers, the
guests being Miss Davis, supervising
principal; the president and secretary
of the association and two former
teachers, who maintain their men,
bership in the Maury association.
The Tenley Parent Teacher Associa-
ton met at the school, April 6, with
Mrs. Churchill. vice president, presid-
ing. The meeting was opened with
the singing of America" and the sa-
lutte of the flag. Mrs. Buel, treasurer,
reported a growing" fund for play
ground equipment. The fourth grade,
Mrs. Reed, teacher, and the third
grade. Miss Young, teacher were tied
for having the most mothers present
at this meeting.
A meeting of the Bryan Parent
Teacher Association will be held
April "a at 1880 pm, in the assembly
hall of tie school. Mrs. Dalyrmple,
the president, will preside and ad-
dresses will be given by Brig. Gen.
Amos Fries and former Representa-
tive Caleb Powers. Refreshments
will be served.
The H. D. Cooke Home and School
Association met in the school audi
torium, April Z, with it's president,
Mrs. w. H. Ross. in the chair. 1t was
voted to give SIS toward the fund for
defraying the expenses of the dele
gates to the national convention.
There followed a program consisting
of Spring songs that was presented
by Mrs. Wayne B. Wheeler, a playlet
entitled The Coming of Spring" by
the little pupils of the fourth grade
in Miss Standiford's class; an address
by DIR. James A. Cannon, in which he
discussed certain maladies of school
children, and a brief talk by Capt.
Julius /. Peyser of the Board of Edu-
cation. Following the program a
social was given at which ice cream
and cake were served.
The Columbia Junior High Parent
Teacher Association meeting this
month will take the form of a Joint
meeting of the Parent-Teacher Asso-
citation of the six junior high schools
in the first nine divisions in the city;
to be held in the Wilson Normal
School assembly hall, Tuesday at s
pm. The meeting will be addressed
by DR.. Valerie S. Parker of New York
City, chairman of the Social Hygiene
Committee of the National Congresses
of Parents and Teachers. Children
will not be admitted
Instead of the regular April bust
ness meeting the Johnson Powell
Bancroft Parent-Teacher Association
spent Wednesday afternoon visiting
the various departments of Powell
Junior High at the invitation of the
principal, Miss BERTHE Backus, and the
teachers. During the last period the
children gave a program in the audi
torium. The new 20-piece orchestra
made its first public appearance under
the direction of Mr.. Manly Wednes-
day the association served lunch to
the teachers and pupils of Johnson
and Powell. The proceeds will be
given for the purchase of necessary
school equipment.
Evening star., 1925-04-19

sanctioned by the President and
bare ajority in the Senate.
X y
Treaties Subject to Delay.
Under the present arrangement me-
gotiations with foreign countries may
be subjected to irritating delay and
even cause vast Inconvenience, but, in
my opinion, 1t is better thus than 20
risk the chance Of having a foreign
policy fastened upon the country by a
President and a mere majority of one
Senator. When the Constitution
makers provided that a treaty must
have the approval of two-thirds of the
Senators they implied that they con-
sidered it in the interest of public
safety that every important question
of foreign policy should be placed be-
yond the control of any one political
party and should command a far
broader and more national approval.
We should not forget, 1t seems to
me, that treaty making involves,
often remotely, but sometimes directly,
policy of war or peace for a nation.
1t is customary for the Senate in
the transaction of executive business.
both in considering appointments and
treaties submitted by the President, to
cloak its deliberations with secrecy
by going into executive session.
l am opposed to secret sessions. I
can conceive of only rare instances
as, for instance, when the country is
on the verge of war-where an eX-
ecutive session might be advisable. a
But what useful purpose is served
by secret debates on presidential ap-
pointments?
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Factor in Warren Decision.

Entering into the Warren decision
was a feeling which I have increas-
ingly observed among Senators dur.
ing my six years in Washington-a
feeling that for many years past, with
a few rare exceptions, regardless of
which party occupied the White
House-the office Of Attorney General
has not been filled by men of the
legal acumen, experience and ethics
that should guide the great National
Department of Justice.
Repeatedly during the past six
years, on both sides Of the chamber, !
have heard the opinion publicly ex-
pressed that the word Justice" which
America blazons high upon her es.
cutcheon, has been dimmed This de.
partment must be restored to the
lofty and honorable position which
the legal profession, as well as the
public at large, believe it should oc.
cupy-such has been the hope of the
lawyers in the Senate, it was said
Their hopes became a demand.
Evening star., 1925-04-19
|rkfrg of Treaties.

The other conspicuous executive
function which the Senate shares with
the President is the making of trea-
ties. There are some who, because
of differences that have arisen be-
tween the White House and the Sen
ate over treaties submitted by the
former to the latter, notably the Yer
sailles treaty, would deprive the Sem
ate of it's present powers. The Senate
did not reject the Versailles treaty.
1t did modify it-materially, If you
please.
Efforts have been made to change
the provision in the Constitution re-
quiring two-thirds vote in the Sen
ate for ratification of a treaty nego-
tiated by the President. Resolutions
have been introduced in Congress
which aimed to reduce the necessary
vote in the Senate to mere ma
jority.
It does not seem to me that we can
afford to tamper with one of the most
admirable safeguards that our fore
fathers in their wisdom bequeathed
to this Nation.
The trainers OF the Constitution rec
ognized that the most delicate func.
tion of our Government Is the direc.
ton of its relations with foreign coun.
tries. Treaty laws are the highest
laws of the land. 1 believe it would
be dangerous to make it possible for
treaty that might nullify any do
mestic legislative enactrNent to be
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Domestic Floor
Coverings

Myriad in their colors are the hundreds of summer
rugs daily arriving in the Floor Covering section.
Wonderful rugs from Belgium sturdy rugs from Cali
forna, grass and ber rugs from various sections Of
our great country. Many own exclusive designs
and colors
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Combinations i'm Secret.

|. / have seen combinations of public
officials made in executive sessions of
the Senate that never would have
been made had> the sessions been
open. If appointments are considered
in secret, there is a special opportu-
nifty for the exercise of that subtle
Washington social and political infiu-
ence that is always active at the
Capital and which I propose to dis
cuss in later article. 1t is only fair
to say that these occurrences are
rare, but that Is only because con-
tests over presidential appointments
are rare.
L know of one case--the confirma-
ton of an Army officer, who vas
vigorously opposed because of alleged
Prussian methods and cruelty to civil
ian officers and soldiers during the
war-where the social lobby was ex-
erted to the limit. The Senate voted
for that confirmation l doubt very
much whether that officer would have
been confirmed had the sessions been
open and the discussion made public.
Dinner parties were held and SEN
ators were invited to attend for the
sole purpose of influencing their ac.
ton as public officials in the matter
of this confirmation. To the credit
OF the Senate, the number influenced
IN tnlS manner have been compare
lively few. Yet the few have some.
times been able to turn the tide.
No Good Reasons Seen.
L have never been able to recognize
any good argument for secret discus.
slons and secret balloting on appoint
ments to public Office I can see no
more reason for them than for secret
campaigns and secret elections. A
prospective elective officer of the Gov
ernment submits his record to the
electorate. Why should a man seek.
ing appointment to office not do like
wise? Is there any reason why.a man
named for the Supreme Court, a life
tenure office, or a Secretary of War.
with pacifistic or militaristic views,
or the dictatorship of the Veterans
Bureau should not have his Qualifica-
tions openly and publicly discussed?
In the Warren case the Senate voted
by the necessary two-thirds majority
to nave open sessions. From strict
administration standpoint, executive
sessions are, of course, desirable. No
administration likes to go through
such an experience as the Warren
case. Yet there were enough Sena.
tors of the majority party willing to
go into open session to bring that
about. AS principle, certainly tina,
public interest and not partissaur
pediency should govern. =
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Annual Gard Party for
Church Benefit Tomorrow

The annual card party for the
benefit of the Church of st. Thomas
the Apostle will be held in Wardman
Park tomorrow afternoon.
Mrs. Harry r. Carroll is general
chairman of the arrangements, and
more than a hundred women of the
parish will act as patrons.
Sponsors for the affair are Mr..
David J. Dunnigan, Mr.. Leo C. May
Mr.. NJ. B. Harlow and Mr.. Joseph p.
Tumulty.
Patronesses are Mrs. D. S. Porter,
Mrs. Charles Horan, Mrs. B. A.
Singer, Mrs. T. w. Brahany, Mrs.
NJ. j. Borden, Mrs. Martin ]. Con-
molly, Mrs. H. L. Ryan, Mrs. Joseph
G. Rodgers, Mrs. n. S. Bartholomew
Mrs. Joseph p. Tumulty. Mrs. Fred C.
Geiger, Mrs. Joseph A. Hayden. Mrs.
John r. Williams, Mrs. NJ. A. Weller,
Mrs. Harry r. Carroll and others.
Evening star., 1925-04-19

England's air force is planned to be
of sufficient strength by 1929 to pro-
tect the country against 1.-The strong
est air power within striking dis
tance"
Evening star., 1925-04-19
Treaties Subject to Delay.

sanctioned by the President and a
bare majority in the Senate.
Evening star., 1925-04-19

Continued from First Page.)
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
KITTENS AND BUTTE
HIGH BATTLE TODAY
Game Scheduled for 5 O'clock
in Gym; Admission Charge
of 15c for Everybody

The Freshman basketball squad
that swamped the Livingston Rail
way Club team last Saturday, will
meet the fast Butte high quintet at
the college gym this afternoon at s
O'clock. A fast game may be assured
as the BObkittens are fresh from
their Livingston victory and looking
for new teams to conquer. Butte
High has its usual s~trOng>Squad this
year and their coach is anxious to
match his men with Coach Dyche's
Bobkittens.
Admission to the game will be IS
cents for everybody. Tickets will be
on sale at the gym ticket office
shortly before the game.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
Bobcats and Utah
Aggies Mix this Week

Stages national tournament last year,
adds his strength to the veteran line
up. Nelson, the fifth man on the
squad, is also an exceptional player.
Although a new man, his superior
ability has given him a place on the
regular squad ahead Of several vet
Grams Of recognized ability.
Montana State College will be rep
resented by a team that can show
as much class as any in the confer
ence. Hartwig, noted high school
star and stellar player or the Bob
cat squad for the past two seasons.
will hold down one forward position.
His showing in recent games gives
every indication that he will play a
better brand of ball than ever before,
Gotham, the Bobcat flash, will work
the other forward position. His
speed and accurate shooting have
been spectacular in every game sc
far this season and he may be count
ed upon to repeat his performance
this week. At center, Glynn, the
giant All-eonference end Of the past
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
Visitors Are Touted as Possible
Conference Champions After
Defeating B. Y. U.

The Aggies, coached by Dick Rom
ney, brother Of our coach Romney,
are reputed to have a remarkable
team. They started the season by
.decisively defeating the B. Y. U.
team, conference champions of last
year, by a 1922 score. The B. Y. U.
squad was composed of exactly the
same men as last year, so their de-
feat by the Utah Aggies was very
unexpected and has placed the latter
team at the head of the list of con-
tenders for championship honors.
The lineup of the visitors will give
a good insight into their strength.
WOodside, a regular guard for the
last three seasons; Saunders, last
years team mate at guard with
Woodside, and Baker their flashy
center of last year, are all back or
the squad. Henrie, the unanimous
choice for All-American center al
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
SOLDIER-PIONEER
answers SUMMONS
GeOrgs w. Flanders, Identified
With Valleys Develop
ment, is Dead

George W. Flanders, pioneer of
Montana, and one of those who have
helped to make the Gallatin valley
the famous section it is today, died
yesterday after an illness of several
months.
Mr.. Flanders was a native of Yer
mont, in which state he enlisted and
served with credit Throughout the
Civil war, at the conclusion Of which
he came west, coming up the Mis-
souri, to Fort Benton in 1856 and Ic-
eating in Helena.
/. He came to the Gallatin valley in
1872, building the first shingle mill
in the valley On Bear creek, and in
1878 he established a sawmill at the
mouth of Middle Greek canyon which
he operated until a few years ago.
About 40 years ago Mr.. Flanders
and Miss Mary Parks, also a native
Of Vermont, were married and made
their home in Middle Greek canyon
later maintaining a winter home in
Bozeman so that the children might
! attend school. Mrs. Flanders preced-
ed her husband ever the Great Divide
in November, 1924. They are sur
vived by two daughters and one son
Mrs. William B. Vestal Of San
Francisco; Mrs. T. J. Frederick OF
Riebling, Mont, and George w
Flanders Jr. of this city.
Mr.. Flanders served one term a:
treasurer of Gallatin county.
Funeral services will be held from
the West chapel at 2 o'clock tomor
row afternoon, in charge of William
English post, G. A. r.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
CARPENTERS Hold
STATE MEET HERE

The eighth annual convention Of the
Montana state council Of carpenters
will close tonight after a three-day
session in Bohemian. Among the
prominent labor men in attendance
were: Stephen Ely, Helena, president
of the Montana State Federation of
Labor; c. S. Thompson, a representa-
tive of the state association Of car
penters, Casper, Wyoming; John T.
CosgrOve, first vice president Of the
international Brotherhood of Carpen-
tiers and joiners, Indianapolis, Indi'
ana ;and Daniel Hutcheson, travelling
auditor of the same organization, In.
dianapolis, Indiana.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
FILE income TAX
RETURN, IS ADVICE
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
regardless of what his or her ex-
emption may be. Any individual
whose gross income, as defined by
the regulations, is in excess of $4,000
must also file a return.
Information Forms 1899
There is a further reason why in
aiyiduals who are not certain as to
their income and as to their liability,
should file q return if in doubt. Ev-
cry corporation, partnership, or in
dividual employing help is required
under the law to furnish to the COM
missioner q form known as number
1909, giving a list of their employees
and the salaries paid to them.
Il is often found that these con-
Germs have failed to enumerate all
Of their employees, and it then be-
comes necessary to call on the indi-
Fiduals and make an investigation as
to the amount Of salary received, or
the reason for failing to file a re-
turn. Very often these concerns neg
iect to give the information as to
whether or not their employees are
single or married.
A check-up is made against this
list by the bureau when the returns
for the current year have been filed
In that case, a married man whos'
salary was less than $1,000 would b
called upon TO. furnish the needed in
formation, to s~traighten the matter
out.
Thus the individual is put to an un
necessary loss of time and expense il
appearing before the collector. 0
deputy collector, TO answer thes
questions. This causes irritation AM
friction, for which the taxpayer ca,
not well be blamed.
AS an illustration: in the year 1872:
over 1000 individuals in MOntan
failed to file returns, and ~aecordingl
were subjected to penalties and tn
filing of offers in compromise. Til
could have been avoided, had thes
taxpayers filed returns.
File A Return
The reasons set forth above ind
cate to some extent why it is bes
wnen a taxpayer is not sure OF h
position, to file a return. 1t cos.
the taxpayer nothing; and a year
two later may save him considerab
trouble, and, more than likely, son
expense. To avoid filing a retuI
does not mean that a taxpayer es
avoid being checked up, OF called
for information later. "FTLE A RI
TURN-AND DO IT NOwE
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
MATRON
dies OF BURNS
Mrs. Silva Hodge Succumbs to
Injuries Sustained at
Ranch Home

Mrs. Silva Hodge, wife Of Charles
D. Hodge, died at the Deaconess hos
pital last Thursday morning of burns
sustained when her clothing caught
fire while she was lighting a lamp
at the Arnett-Millin ranch near
Manhattan early in the week.
Mrs. Hodge was a native Of Man
haitian and was but % years Of age.
She was married last fall to Charles
D. Hodge, who, with her parents, six
sisters and five brothers, all Of Man
haitian, survives her.
Funeral services were held from the
Manhattan Baptist church Sunday at
2:30 p. m.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04

football season, will reign suprtme.
Glynn is a great player both from al
offensive and a. defensive standpoint.
Captain Hatfield, well known inter
scholastic and Intercollegiate guard
will be in his old position. Hattie is
noted for his scrap and superior
guarding ability. McGuin, the other
guard has developed a lot of speed
and his playing this year has won
him much favor in the eyes of local
as well as visiting fans. Winner,
Cummins and Williams, are brilliant
players who will form the Bobcat
reserve strength.
The Bobcats divided honors with
the Utah quintet last year in a
thrilling two game series. The locals
have a much stronger team this year
and we have very reason to believe
that they win do as well if not bet
ter than last year. To say the least,
we can expect to see one of the
classiest exhibitions of basketball
ever played in Bozeman.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
WOULD BECOME CITIZENS

Notice of application for citizen
ship has been filed with the clerk of
the district court by George Weide-
man and Matt Arts, both natives Of
Holland and residents of Manhattan.
The following have filed declara-
tions of intention to become citizens:
John Williams of Three Forks, native
Of Great Britain; William NJ. Bos Of
Manhattan, native of Holland; Sam
ueI G. English of BOzeman, native
of Great Britain; Frances M. de
Crignis of BOzeman native of Ba-
varia, and George Van HOorn of Man
haitian, native Of Holland.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
HOUSE DISCPLINES
Toilette AIDES
Supporters of Third Party Can
didate Not Asked to 49,.
Attend Caucus

Washington. - House leaders
have moved to bar La Toilette
insurgents from the party eau
Gus which will be held February
q to select candidates for speak
er and floor leader. g.
Invitations to the conference were
sent cut Thursday by Representative
Wood of Indiana, chairman of the
Republican congressional campaign
committee, who was authorized by
the Republican committee on COM
mittees TO invite all Republican mem
bers-elect of the house to participate.
Nc invitation was sent to Represen-
tative Nelson Of Wisconsin, leader of
the La Toilette insurgent bloc and
manager of the La Toilette presiden-
tial campaign or to any other of the
nine Wisconsin representatives who
although reelected as Republicans.
supported La Toilette for president.
The call also excluded Representa-.
tives Keller of Minnesota, Sinclair Of
North Dakota and Laguardia Of New
York, all of whom have been activ'
in the insurgent group.
Half a dozen more representative
who have been allied at times with tn
La Toilette forces were invited to tn
caucus, organization leaders holding
that during the recent campaign the,
did not show open hostility to tn
Republican national ticket
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
VIM. vANpERscHAFF DIES

William VanderSchaff, a native Of
Holland and a resident Of the Holland
settlement south Of Manhattan died
at bis home Thursday at the ripe age
Of SO years. he is survived by his
widow, six childEen and eight grand
children. Funeral services were held
from the late r~esidence Monday AZ
ternoon. Inferment was IN the HOl.
land cemetery.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
WEEDS MAN

Elmer BurkhOlder, connected with
the Livingston Welding works at the
Park county capital, and Miss Re-
becca Mauch Of this city were mar
ried here yesterday afternoon and
left Immediately for a wedding trip
to their former home at Saco. They
will be at home after March 1 st
Livingston. -
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
MENTION OF DIXON'S
POLICIES is CHEERED
IN MONTANA HOUSE

When Burns of Blaine, chair
man of the house judiciary COM
mittee, mentioned the name Of
former Governor Joseph NJ. Dix
en- on the floor of the house
Thursday morning, the utterance
was greeted with applause.
His policies are still my pol
icies and your policies" Burns
said, and the remark was ap-
proved.
Burns made the reference in
denouncing certain newspaper
comment.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04
Sigma Epsilon
Initiates Six

Sigma Epsilon, honorary engineer
ing fraternity, held initiation last
Monday night at the BOzeman Hotel.
The initiates are Joe Yedlicka, Harry
Kligora, Albert Hanse, Arthur Van
NOy, lie Roy Anderson, and Norman
Banta.
A banquet was served after the
initiation exercises at which informal
speeches were made by the new MEM
bers and other members of the Or
~ganization.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1925-02-04

Il wood IL used for the kitchen aeor
. hard, c~lose-gEalned lumber should be
eAOsen. A lumber OF this type viii
give longer service, IL tougher aud wilI
resist water better than one WHICH
b softer and has more open pores
Maple Is Of the best numbers fOs
This purpose.