The northwestern bulletin-appeal., 1925-05-23
new MONUMENTS
SET ASIDE BY U. S.
Five Historic Spots Now
Open to Public.

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1 looking down on New York harbor
must have blushed under the reverent
gaze Of millions Of immigrants. Only
In October, 1924, did she come into
her own, Officially--she was made Q
national monument by an executive
order Of President Coolidge. The or.
der reads that Fort Wood. N. T.,
shail be made a national monument.
Fort Wood Is no more and no less
than the Statue Of Liberty enlighten-
Ing the world.
In the same order that made the
Statue of Liberty what the American
people thought she was, four other
military reservations or parts OF them
were set aside as national monuments
open to the public. One Of these. Fort
Marion at st. Augustine. Fla, Is well
known The others, Castle Pinckney,
Charleston Harbor, s. O.; Fort Pu-
laski, near Savannah, Ca, and Fort
Matanzas, near st. Augustine. are less
well known.
What They comnenorste.
"A massacre which probably was
the most terrible committed on Amer
lean soil, the only intact example OF
q medieval fort In North America, the
site where rified guns frst spelled the
doom of parapets, the scene OF the
Civil wars first shot and the first sue
cessful submarine attack, and the
modern worlds equivalent Of the
Colossus Of Rhodes--these are the In
cidents memorialized by the five new
national monuments" says a bulletin
Of the National Geographic society
from its headquarters In Washington.
History knits together the stories
Of Fort Marion and Fort Matanzas.
the latter Is miles to the south. Don
Pedro Menendez. the 'adeiantado' or
governor of Florida, founded st. Au-
gustine In 1896 as base from which
to attack the Huguenot colony at Fort
Caroline, 80 miles north. Spain
claimed the Huguenots trespassed on
their territory. But the Huguenots,
French Protestants, who had come for
religious freedom like the Pilgrims
were to come 50 years later. decided
to surprise the Spanish.
Their feet swooped down on st.
Augustine but q Florida hurricane
drove the French vessels on the beach
some miles south, wrecking every ves-
sci. After q forced march Menendez
captured Fort Caroline. All the de-
tenders were killed and the women
and children were carried away. Re-
turning to st. Augustine he rushed
south to meet the shipwrecked French
They surrendered Internationally.
Binding the arms Of his prisoners
Menendez started them In parties to-
ward st. Augustine. Near the site Of
Matanzas, he placed a firing squad.
F1orida's white sand was stained with
the blood Of 200 French that day.
Matanzas In Spanish means 'massa-
cre.'
Under the protection Of the walls
Of Fort Marion, first known as San
Juan do Pinos and later as st. Mark,
the Spanish introduced into America
lines, lemons, citrons and China and
Seville oranges.
Discovery Of coQuina, a soft shell
and coral stone, near St Augustine
about 1870, led to the replacement Of
the wooden structure with the mate
rial a visitor sees today. Old Fort
Matanzas Is coQuina also. Thirty mil
lion dollars is the reported cost of
Fort Marion. When King Ferdinand
" heard this he exclaimed: What
10 this fort built of silver dollarsf
To-day the War department keeps
both forts in repair.
Ca Gallant Defense.
Fort Pulaski is located on the sea
end Of assand spit dividing the mouth
Of the Savannah river. Built on the
site of Revolutionary Fort Greene.
which was destroyed by a hurricane,
Fort Pulaski wss taken over by South
ern troops at the beginning Of the
Civil war. Union troops attacking
Savannah brought up some Of the
first rife cannon ever made and de-
manded the forts surrender. The
Confederate commander replied: 4
have been sent here to fight. not sur
render Despite gallant defense the
rined cannon pounded out a military
lesson, that scrapped most of the
worlds forts.
Fort Moultrie. that beat of q Brit
ish fleet In 1778. and Fort Sumter. the
Civil wars Serajevo, are twin guards
to Charleston harbor. These two
forts are still In active use so CastIe
Pinckney, an unused fort on Shutes'
Folly island. has been named pa
tional monument for Charleston har-
Dor. It IL opposite the point whore
batteries FIRST poured shot into SUM-
ter. Union forces used Castle Plnck-
nsy In their final attack on Charles
ton. 1t was in this harbor that the
nrst submarine, run by steam, tor.
pedoed ship during the Civil war,
but went to the bottom with Its vic-
tim. Castle Pinckney also saw one CT
the FIRST attacks Of an armored feet
on forts.
"Bedioe's island provides the foot
stool for Liberty. II has had more
peaceful history. Frances gift Of
1879 on the centenary Of independ
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