davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11
Deputies Raid Den;
Allege It's Lottery

Following tho lead Of deputy Hhsr,
ifs and the prosecutor. two police.
men Friday raidcd Rn alleged lottery
establishment Oh 200 Third ave, q.
and arrested FouE Tai, alleged FRO
prictor. and Al t.ee one white
patron was in the place
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11
HERE'S MORE ABOUT
Stone & Webster
STARTS ON PAGE 1

cihc Northwest M demand increases.
"super.power," he explained,
doesn't mean greater power. 1t
means tyingln Of lines from several
plants. so that service Is more Ger.
tain and production more economical.
Eventually II viii result In rnte re.
auctions, but these win come grind.
unlIy"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11
Dean Spencer of "U"
to Return in April

Dean and Mrs. Lyle NJ. Spencer. of
the university, will return to Seattle
late In April, Some time ago both
were injured and their baby killed
lin train wreck at Chippewa Falls
Wis. They arc motor touring in
California,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11

be held
Her flancs. Edwin Hunter. OF
Washington. u. G.. expects 20 reach
Seattle next week, After the wed,
ding he win take his bride back
10 Washington. where he IA to en-,
gage in business.
Miss Crandall was considered ono
Of The most beautiful aud popular
girls In Manlla's younger SGT.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11
Spring Cleaners" Start Action

Spring cleanng-inside and ousde-is the order of the
day at Mother Ryther Chlds home. The boys have the
job Of cleaning up the garden and lawns Do they like IL?
Their faces tell the story Big boys and dig; small
tads tag along with pals and pull dandeon roots and
weeds The spring cleaners" left TO right Russell
Carlson, Louis Mocco and Carl Carlson.
a
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1925-04-11
NEW PLANTS HERE
WHENEVER NEEDED

New plants Will be developed near
Seattle az the demand warrants
them, the engineers snld. Roughly.
they estimated, the supply OF power
Mt present IN about equal to the de.
mand a few years ago supply was
far below demand The plant con.
structors have caught in.
Electricity viii be put to many
new uses in homes, especially. tho
two thought They saw, however,
no radical new uses for current, md
said that II viii be years before
power can be sent without wires, II
ever.
While they ares In Seattle. stone
and Webster are making their bend.
quarters with a. w. Leonard. presi.
dent OF the Puget Sound company,
They are not, they said, heavily n.
nanclnlly Interested In any power
concern, contrary 10 general belief.
While here they viii look over
the new Baker river project OF the
Seattle company,
Evening star., 1925-08-16

we take the band from $50 meters
(54S kilocycles) to 600 meters 600 kfl
ocycles. we find that here the differ
ence Of so meters produces a differ
ence in frequency Of only IS ktlo-
cycles.
The result will be that in aIlotting
wave lengths TO stations there will be
80 stations in the band of SO meters
included between 200 and $50 meters
and slightly less than five stations
in the SO meters band included be-
tween $50 and 500 meters.
This is the reason why a statement
to the effect that the ability of a re-
cetver TO separate stations a certain
number Of meters apart means moth
ing unless additional information is
given regarding the position of those
stations on the kilocycle scale.
A separation of 10 meters on the
lower scale from 200 to 210 meters
means a difference OF II kiIocycles, q
comfortable margin between two sta
tions. while q difference OF 10 meters
on the higher points between $50 and
500 meters means a difference of only
g kilocycles. certainly not enough
to permit even the sharpest receiver
to tune to.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
advantage of the set Is that ono. W,

advantage Of the set Is that once you
nave LOGGED a station you can 20 back
TO IL at the same positions of the con-
denser dials without fishing around, as
you have to do with many sets"
Smith inquired as to the function
of the fourth and fifth tubes and was
informed that these. together with
thelr transformers, were merely two
stages of audio-frequency amplifica-
ton in order to provide for loud speak
er operation. The dealer showed him
similar amplification units in othe
types of sets, so that when Smith had
been in the shop an hour he could
tell Just what part of any set handled
the audio-frequency amplification
This helped to simplify the process,
because he could eliminate the audio
end of the set and Just consider the
principles involved in tuning. amplify-
Ing the radio-freQuencies and detecting
them.
And now" Smiths guide added,
after you've considered the neutro-
dynes II is interesting to look at this
super which uses six
tubes, including one oscfllator and
two detector tubes.
Studies Super-Heterodyne.
"Ti.e 'super-het' is a radio-frequency
amplifier just like any other set, but
it generates it's own local wave, which
is played off against the incoming
waves from the loop aerial. Naturally
with the two waves you get a beat
note which carries the same varia-
tons of the incoming radio wave. The
beat note effect is then amplifled by
the three special frequency or inter
mediate frequency tubes and trans
formers. then detected in the usual
detector tube and given one stage Of
audfo-frequency amplification. The
whole advantage Of the set is that the
intermediate frequency amplification.
which Is made possible by the beat
note effect, Is always at O 6xed wave
length. This simplifies controls and
lets the set do the work that an ex-
pert would have to do with a less
efficient set.
THE, ultradyne set which comes In
knockdown form is very much like
of producing the intermediate frequen-
cies is quite different. The incoming
signals are made to modulate the os.
citations which the set itself produces,
just as the vibrations of the speakers
voice at the broadcasting station mod.
ulates the current that passes through
the microphone."
Having reached the ultra in radio,
Smith announced his desire to retire
and digest the information. Out of
sheer appreciation for the attention
that had been given him he purchased
a new tube.
Come in some time ana rsIl esu you
how to prolong the life Of q tuba."
the dealer suggested. "I'd tell you
now, only I'd probably lose this sale IS
Next Week, No. 29-The Life of a
Tube.
Copyright. 1928, by the UIlman Feature
Service
Evening star., 1925-08-16
No. ss-Examaining Other Sets.

In order to fix the different circuits
and radio principles in his mind. Smith
promptly acted upon the suggestion
to examine different types of sets.
Accordingly, he visited several Of his
neighbors. But the real place to learn
from other sets, he soon discovered,
was from the radio dealer.
Smith quickly passed over the crys-
tai and one-tube sets, for they were
already rather clear to him, but he
was soon asking questions when he
reached the two-tube group. These
being of a cheap type, the wiring in
variabiy was exposed TO a point where
the circuits could be traced easily.
But, as Smith said, the more you
trace them. the more puzzled you be-
come.
That" explained the dealer, ''is be-
cause you are looking at reflex and
sets, wherein each tube
Is made to do the work Of two and
where the radio-frequencies are re-
impressed upon the grid of the first
tube. If you are familiar with the
laws Of compensation. you know that,
in order to obtain this efficiency in
the use OF apparatus, the set must be
very critical and equipped with finer
control than would be required in a
set in which additional equipment is
substituted for efficiency. That's why
these sets have rather complicated
wiring, complicated coils, large num-
Der of fixed condensers, rheostats and
potentiometerS.
This naturally suggested an inspec-
ton of the neutrodyne receiver. which,
while large and composed OF numerous
units Of similar function and appear
ance, Is relatively simple. It Is eff
cient, not because It eliminates tubes,
coils and condensers. but because, for
the work 1t does and the excellent way
in which 1t brings in stations, without
noise and oscillations. IL IS greatly
simplified.
|. The Neutrodyne Set.
1.-THE neutrodyne takes it's name
from the two small neutraliAng con-
densers, or neutrodons, which over
come the tendency of the set breaking
out into oscillations when two stages
of radio-frequency amplifcation are
used" the dealer went on. These
are connected in the grid circuit,
while between the tubes there are the
special transformers, known as neu-
troformers. The tuning is done with
the three variable condensers, and the
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Reiuvenating Old Tubes.

p. d. Lowell, one of the engineers
for the Grebe Company at Richmond
Hill. Long Island, offers a suggestion
which will, no doubt, be of interest to
all radio fans.
Says Mr.. Lowell: "A simple method
Of rejuvenating your dead tubes has
been disclosed by the engineers of the
A. H. Grebe Company which is well
worth a trial. Your tubes may lack
some Of their original pep. even
though the filaments still burn Re.
verse the polarity of the B battery
on the set: that is. connect the posi-
tive B to the negative terminal on
the receiver and connect the negative
to the positive terminal of the re-
ceiver. Turn on the filansents Of the
tubes too full brilliancy and let the
set stay this way for one hour
1T will be found that an hour is
sufficient time in most cases to re-
juvenate the tubes, but in cases where
the tubes are unusually dead the
treatment should be continued for one
and half hours. or even more. After
treating, the B battery can be changed
back to normal connection and the
gain in signal strength will be very
marked.
In the laboratory tests a set of
tubes was used which were so dead
that absolutely no signals could be
picked up when they were placed in a
receiver. These tubes were then given
the above described treatment, and
when tried again In the receiver gave
just as good results as q set of brand.
new tubes"
Evening star., 1925-08-16
ESH0RT WAVES PROVE
SUCCESSFUL IN TEST
9Correspondingly High Frequencies
Employed in Communication.
:. Scientists Are Satisfied.

The use of short waves and corre-
Epondingly high frequencies for radio
communication Is success, naval
Esoientists declared today after several
Eweeks thorough trial in communica-
EEion with the Macmillan Arctic ex-
kpedition.
An efficiency OF 100 per cent, which
eis maintained regularly in communi-
scation between headquarters here
Band Etah, has convinced the radio
kexperts that short waves and high
b6requencies are not to be scoffed at
land are indispensable under such
conditions as the polar expedition
is undergoing.
Transmitting on a wave length of
FIJI II meters, the naval experimental
station at Bellevue. D. c.. has been
RAble to keep in constant communica-
tion with the explorers at Etah. And
kthe return messages, transmitted on
a wave length of only 40 meters. are
received perfectly at the Great Lakes
kstation at Chicago, from which
point it Is relayed to Washington.
Every morning at am. the naval
k@xperimental station sends out time
&signals for the two polar stations,
Evening star., 1925-08-16
A|RSH|P WILL GET
ORDERS BY RADIO
Shenandoah, Cruising OFF
Coast, to Be Directed by
Navy Chiefs Here.
BY CARL NJ. BUTMAN.

Radio fans this week will have the
privilege Of listening in to the United
States air cruiser Shenandoah while
on flight off the east coast, directed
by the voice of the Secretary of the
Navy. In the event Secretary VIII
but cannot participate in the test.
Assistant Secretary Robinson will
take over the control of the Shenan-
doah from his desk in the Navy Build
ing.
The plans of the Navy. Radio Cor.
poration and General ElectricsCo., call
for the broadcasting of these pro-
ceedings from stations WRC, Wash
ington; WIZ, New York, and WGY,
Schenectady. No definite date is fixed,
but it is believed that this aerial
maneuver under voice control will be
held as soon as the overhauling of
the atrship is completed and her tests
with her mother-ship Patoka are fin
ished.
Gets Orders From Capital.
To date the program is for the
Shenandoah to leave Lakehurst for
New York some evening, lowering
over the city until called up by radio
by the naval head. Secretary Will
bur or Robinson will call Comdr
Zachary Lansdowne of the airship by
OIlCS OfIlfDuHlCdIlOn
established 1t will be picked up and
rebroadcast by the three stations
Orders for the air cruiser to proceed
to sea and locate the Patoka or an
incoming vessel will then be broad
cast, following which the commander
will answer his chief and proceed on
his quea This will constitute the
first aeronautical search ever staged
as such. although airplanes have been
-
by radio. While the airship Is at sea
the Secretary will discuss the advan-
tages of combining radio and aero
nautical activities, especially in naval
scouting operations.
When the great dirigible completes
her scouting trip, her skipper will call
his chief and report as to the success
of his maneuver, recounting what he
observed on the trip, and where he
found the vessel he was ordered TO
locate.
May Include Other Features.
It Is probable that other features
will be included and that one of them
will be a concert by the Navy or Ma
rine Band, its selections being inter
spersed between the conversations of
the Naval Secretary and his air Off
GER.
All that will be necessary for the
fans to do is to tune in on one of
the three broadcasting stations. listen
ing in at the proper time, which will
be announced shortly. The radio
engineers of the Navy and Radio Cor
poration will handle the details Of
connecting the three broadcasters by
wire, picking up and relaying the con-
versations from Washington and the
airship.
Those located near New York may
also be able to distinguish this gi-
gantic Daughter of the Stars" high
in the air over the metropolis, en-
route to or from sea or near her
hangar at Lakehurst, n. J.
Around September I. the Shenan-
doah will start on her trip to the
Midwest. where she will visit Detroit,
Minneapolis, st. Paul and Des Moines.
II is not now believed she will ven
ture any farther west. 1t is possible.
II the radio broadcast tests are sue
cessful, that further radio broadcasts
may be undertaken on the trip to the
Mississippi River.
Evening star., 1925-08-16

wNP and wAP, and follows them up
with any messages the naval depart
nent wishes to send. The return mes
sages from the exploring party are
received at Chicago. because 1t has
been found they come with more
clarity there than on the Atlantic
coast
But the Bellevue engineers have
been submitting the short wave to
an even more severe test than 1t re-
cefves In communication with Mac
MILAN. Frequent two-way communi-
cation with the Pacific fleet in
Australia has been established on the
same wave lengths-40 and 71-as is
used in the polar MESA ges. This Is
a distance Of about 10000 miles, or
nearly half the way around the
world. And an operator in South
Africa, which Is exactly opposite
Washington on the globe. has re-
ported nearly perfect reception of
these messages.
With these achievements to their
credit, naval experts no longer con-
slider the short-wave length as toy.
though 1t does not yet measure up to
it's rival the long-wave- length for
reliability.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
RATS In MINES WARN
WORKERS OF CAVE-IN
Men Make Pets Of Rodents After
Learning Value In Time
of Danger.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
WILKES-BARRE, Pa. August 15.-
Rats in the anthracite coal mines on
many occasions have demonstrated
that they are friends of the miners in
giving them warning OF approaching
danger. A recent instance occurred
in the Empire colliery.
Anthony Kopnski and his son while
eating lunch were attracted by the
peculiar actions Of two rats which
continually annoyed them. Five times
they drove the rats away by throwing
pieces of coal at them, but each time
the rodents returned. This aroused
the suspicious of the elder Kopnski,
who, directing his son to follow him,
went out of the pit
They had proceeded only about 20
feet when the roof crashed in, bring
Ing down such a mass Of coal and
rock that would require three weeks
to remove 1t.
The ability Of the rats TO warn
the miners Of approaching danger has
resulted in many of the men making
pets of them. The average miner
hesitates to kill a rat, especially IL
he is working in a chamber where
caves are likely to occur or where
there is bad air or gas.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Evils Of Regeneration and Radiation

We have been told time and again
not to let our receivers oscillate, II
they are regenerative sets. on ac-
count of the interference caused. but
1t has never been realized over what
great distances they may radiate.
Some have supposed that this inter
ference might be heard as far as
three miles: however, 1t now appears
miles.
A report to the Signal Corps from
an Alaskan radio operator states that
the Signal Corps station at Bethel
frequently has messages for a pri-
vate station at Akiak. 20 miles dis
tant. Ordinarily the operator at the
latter station replies and sends his
messages to Bethel with halt lf-kilowatt
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Los Angeles Spreads Itself.

LOS ANGELES. August 15 CP.-
in the past fiscal year, it's city engi.
neer reporting that it's area now to-
tails 410.77 square miles. From north
to south the city stretches ~ miles,
while east to west 1t extends 20
miles. A little trip around the city's
boundary line would amount to
26s.3 miles. During the past year
129 miles of streets were paved,
while for the new fiscal year the city
engineer has on hand orders tncIud-
ing $40 additional 1nifee Of paving.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
RADIO BY SLOT POPULAR
italians Take Advantage of Penny
Listening Devices.

European travellers are returning
here with great tales of radio listen
ing in Italy. In that country radio
is still quite a novelty. and in Rome
there are "penny.in.the-slot radio lis
tening stations" run much after the
manner of penny arcades in America.
For the equivalent Of I cent pair
of phones are placed on the head of
the listener and he is allowed 10 hear
one selection. Americans seem to be
enjoying them.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
INFORMATION PREPARED.
Methods of Measuring Frequency
of Waves Outlined,

The increasing use Of radio has
caused such a small separation IN
frequency between stations that
there Is a real demand at the De-
partment of Commerce for informa-
ton on methods for measuring the
frequencies Of waves from transmit
ting stations.
New letter circular, recently pre-
pared by the Bureau Of Standards.
gives a detailed description OF the
construction. celebration and use of
such apparatus. A copy of this let
ter can be obtained upon application
to the Bureau of Standards.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
A Talk on Straight-Line Capacity:
Straight-Line Wave Length and
Straight-Lne Frequency
COndensers.

A Talk on Straight-Line Capacity:
Straight-Line Wave Length and
Straight-Line Frequency
COndensers.
Part III.
To understand just what is re-
auired in a tuning instrument, such
as a condenser, in order to get maxi
mum satisfaction from Its use in
circuit, 1t Is best to consider just
exactly what Is going on in radio
transmission and just what con-
denser in a circuit must do in order
to fulfill the conditions required Tor
most efficient operation without play
ing favorites with any class of sta
tions.
There are now many broadcasting
stations transmitting on neighbor-
ing wave length bands separated from
each other by just enough OF a mar
gin to eliminate interference.
To prevent interference and distor-
ton each station must be separated
from its neighbors by a margin of five
kilocycleS on each side OF its carrier
| wave. This means that there must be
difference Of ten kilocycles between
the carrier waves of adjacent broad
casting neighbors. This separation is
absolutely necessary to accommodate
the varying frequencies produced by
the meditation of the carrier wave by
/ the musical pitches of the instru-
| ments of broadcast performers.
Wave Length and Frequency.
Unfortunately, most of US still
think In terms of wave length be-
cause that term was the first to be
applied generally when talking of the
characteristics of radio waves. Let us
keep in mind, therefore, the relation
existing between wave length and fire.
quency. The wave length in meters OF
a radio wave Is equal to 800. 900 900
| divided by the frequency in cycles, or
| 900, 900 divided by the frequency Of
kilocycles. BY transposing terms we
get the relation that the frequency Of
a radio wave in cycles is equal 10
| 300, ,000, 900 divided by the wave length
in meters, while the frequency in kilo.
cycles Is equal to 300, 900 divided by
! the wave length in meters.
/ Since wave length and frequency
vary in inverse proportion, you may
expect to find that the nigh numerical
values of wave length correspond to
| low numerical values of frequency and
vice versa.
| If we take the wave length band
from 200 meters to 500 meters, usually
considered in the design of radio ap-
| paratus and circuits, we find that the
frequency variation is from 1900 kill
ocycles to 500 kilocycles.
Figuring on a separation OF 10 Kill
ocycles to avoid interference. this
would mean that there is room
enough in that band for 100 stations
| to operate.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Antenna Held lawful.

A German court has recently held
that not only has a teneHt a right
to erect an antenna on houSetop,
but that owing to the Importance OF
radio broadcasting, 1t is the duty OF
the proprietor to grant the tenant
permission to erect an antenna.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
John Smith and His Radio
BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL.


hare benefited thereby
sssA ns snos so e van S aS
Evening star., 1925-08-16

WCAP-Chesapeak & Potomac Tele-
phone Co. (i68.5 .Metersl.
II a.m.-Service at New York Ave
nue Presbyterian Church Of Washing.
ton. DR. w. l. Chamberlain. secre-
tary of board of foreign missions of
the Reformed Church, New York City,
will preach the sermon.
4 p.m.-Service held at the Peace
Gross, Washington Cathedral Rev.
william F. Pierce, D. D.. president of
SKenyon College, Damvier, Ohio, will
kpreach the sermon.
( $40 to 8:15 p.m.-Musical PROGRAM
Joy Maj. Bowes and the Capitol
Eang" from the Capitol Theater, New
york City.
SIS to s:15 p.mL-Goldnan Band
Foncert, Edwin Franko Goldman.
conductor, direct from Hall Of Fame,
New York University Campus, New
York City. Russian program-soloist,
Viola Sherer, soprano.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
RADIO GOSSIP AND NEWS

spark set. On one occasion, however,
he thought he would try putting a.
key in the ground circuit of his
regenerauve receiver, answering
Bethel in that manner. 1t worked so
successfully that he now sends by
this method daily to the Signal Corps
operator at Bethel, who receives his
radiations with no difficulty.
Signal Corps officers point out that.
while this Is an interesting stunt, 1t
shows that these receivers when op-
Grated purposely or carelessly may
cause interference over an area with
a radius of 20 miles. AS a practice,
however. 1t Is taboo anywhere except
in the wilds or In uninhabited country
In Alaska, where there are only a few
stations in operation and practically
no receiving sets In the neighborhood,
this method of communication Is per-
haps permissible If unethical, but in
the States IL Is not permitted and
radio inspectors would soon visit fans
or amateurs who tried 1t.
According to the United States
radio regulations, owners OF receiving
sets are not permitted to transmit
anyhow. For transmission an op-
orators license is necessary, as well
as transmitting station permit Re-
ceiving sets, constructed as such, may
not be used as transmitters.
The story is told solely to indicate
the great distances over which oscil-
Iating receivers affect reception, and
it is pointed out that legislation to
suppress the use of this type of re-
ceiver may be introduced in Congress,
where 1t has already been considered