davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-07-05
CHAIN OF STATIONS
PROPOSED TO KLAN
Broadcasting License for Plants in
Several States Likely to
Be Sought.

The Ku Klux Klan is among the
organizations that will seek broad
casting licenses from the Department
of Commerce when and II additional
wave bands are provided this Fall, il
is understood here.
1t was reported about a year ago
that extensive plans for a system of
stations throughout the country were
under consideration by the khan, but
the difficulty of obtaining wave
lengths caused temporary abandon
ment of the project. More recently
the matter has again come before the
khan. with several of the higher Of
ficials strongly supporting 1t. Among
the States suggested as possible
homes for the khan stations are New
Jersey, Indiana, Texas and several
other of the Southern common
wealths.
The khan chain of stations, if the
plans for it's installation are carried
out, would be unique in the United
States broadcasting field. Although
several fraternal, religious and polit-
ical organizations maintain a single
broadcasting plant at their head
quarters, no body of this nature has
ever considered a group of stations
that would cover all or a section of
the country.
The expense of such group of
plants, together with the cost of
maintenance and operation, is ordi
narily held to be prohibitive. and
many klansmen, supporting the gen
eral movement to get on the air,
are expected to urge that single
station be erected to serve the ma
tional khan organization.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
Complains of Harmonics.

Rufus P. Turner, operator OF anna
teur station 3LF, complains bitterly
of the harmonic interference by class
B croadcasting stations. In letter
to the radio editor of The Star. Turner
writes:
"a section of the April, 1928, amend
ment of the United States radio regu-
lations reads: Wave lengths between
2s02 and 545.1 meters are to be as
signed to broadcasting stations which
shall become known as class B sta
tions, the transmitter used by this
class station must be free from all
harmonics and must be inductively
coupled to the antenna circuit when
ever possible The law additionally
states that any failure to live up to
the strict requirements of the class
b stations will result in the forfeiture
of the class B privilege and the re-
licensing of the station to operate on
wave lengths below 2S0.2 meters.
Yet, at present, some of the lead
ing class B stations of the country
have harmonics all the way down the
scale to 40 meters, and consequently
are causing a great deal of annoyance
on the amateur wave bands. With
a shortwave receiver, tuned to 80
meters, as indicated by a calibrated
wavemeter, I was able to pick up a
concert broadcast by one of these
stations when the set was hooked to
an antenna which has a fundamental
of AZ and a fraction meters. The
music disappeared at rs meters but
came in again even louder than be-
fore when the 60-meter adjustments
Evening star., 1925-07-05

were made. On the 40-meter wave
length, a Western amateur station
was transmitting a CO signal which
was interrupted by the same class
B broadcasting stations annoying
harmonic.
Something should be done to elimi-
nate these harmonics from broadcast
ing stations. A few months ago the
broadcast listeners complained of
number of amateurs trespassing on
their soil and the Government. pos
sibly, realizing that the interference
could be caused by amateur harmonics
ordered that every amateur transmit
ter be inductively coupled to the an
tenna circuit. IN addition to this sup
preston of amateur harmonics, the
Government gave the amateurs a wide
variety of short wave lengths far from
those of the broadcasting stations, and
the average amateur is carrying his
wave length lower and lower so that
interference with the broadcasters is
actually prevented. is IL proper, then,
for broadcaSting stations to trespaSs
on amateur soil by radiating a num-
ber of harmonics on the short waves?
Since it Is unlawful for class B sta
tions to radiate any harmonicS, should
not some steps be taken to enforce
the law? The Department of Com
merce licenses a broadcasting station
to operate on one wave length and
when harmonics are radiated the
transmitter is being operated on and
is broadcasting on as many wave
lengths as there are harmonics, plus
the fundamental frequency. Hence
it is only fair that in addition 10 re-
Evening star., 1925-07-05
TRINkLE WILL SPEAK
AT MANASSAS PICNIC
Anniversary of Civil War Battle to
Be Observed July 81 on
Henry Hill Heights.

Representative William d. UnshaU
of Georgia, chairman of the advisory
board of the Manassas Battlefield Con
federate Park, announced today that
an aIl-day picnic will be held on Henry
Hill Heights on July 2b the ami
versary of the first battle of Manassas.
The public is invited to attend. Each
person attending is to take his own
lunch.
Gov E. Lee Trinkle of Virginia
will address the gathering. Other ad-
dresses during the day are to include
a description of troop movements, in
cidents and positions during the first
Manassas battle, July q, 1861, and
probably similar descriptions Of the
battle of August, 1862.
Mrs. Beverly r. Tucker Of Rich
mond, Mrs. Robert E. Lee of
Washington, Mrs. Howard Fletch-
er of Warrenton, Miss Lillian Utter
back of Marshall, Mrs. c. W. Massie
and Miss Virginia Henry of Harrison
burg are members of the sponsors
committee.
Rev. W. r. Everett, Marshall, Va,
will serve as chaplain, assisted by
local ministers.
Claude n. Bennett, past president of
the Southern Society; Wade H. Cooper
president of that organizations; J. c.
Ramey of Marshall. Va; A. II. Jen-
nings, historian-in-chief, S. c.. V,
Lynchburg; J. Cloyd Byars of Airing.
ton, Va; George NJ. Fletcher and Maj.
r. A. Mcintyre of Warrenton. Va,
and Lloyd S. Everett of Falls Church,
Va, are serving on the reception com
mittee. c. j. Meetze of Manassas will
be grand marshal.
]. Cloyd Byars is chairman of the
publicity committee.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
No. e3-Adding Power to Aerial.

No. 23-Adding Power to Aerial.
i've got to get better SET" Smith
declared the other day. Everybody
seems to be getting WAR but me. -
wouldn't it be cheaper to rig up a
better aerial?" 1 asked.
Nix he replied. II wouldn't get
up on the roof again for love or
money. Besides, why fool with the
aerial? Some of these fellows who get
DIX don't use any outside wiring at
ALL"
suggested that maybe he wouldn I
have to get up on the roof. A lot of
trouble is due to the layout of the
lead-in, which is part of the aerial
so far as intercepting the radio waves
is concerned.
This proved to be the answer to his
problem. Before he knew 1t he was
on the roof and studying the situation
throughout. The discoveries he made
are well worth passing along.
The first thing he did was to note
that the ground wire ran too close to
the lead-in from the aerial. The wires
not only ran close together but eX-
actly parallel. Smith had had enough
experience with condensers to know
that when the wires for the two op-
posed currents run so close together
there is a capacity action between
them Much of the energy picked up
over the aerial lead-in passes directly
to the ground without SO much as
coming in to the set.
In other words, he was wasting as
much reception as If he had several
poor connections along the line. In
putting up the aerial originally he had
taken great pains to see that the lead
in did not touch the building or rub
against a cornice, yet here he had gone
all these months with very serious
form of energy loss right close to the
set.
He became interested to a point
where he began to experiment little
with the fat top of sthe aerial itself.
Here he found it of value to walk
down the avenue and to see how his
neighbors ran their aerials.
There were all kinds and varieties
and Just about as many errors. one
of the most noticeable, and one that
is a constant trouble maker, was the
imperfect T aerial.
In true T aerial the lead-in is
taken off from the center OF the nat
wire or wires constituting the aerial
proper. If this is the type preferred,
it is necessary to have the halves eX-
actly equal, because otherwise there
can be no sharp tuning of the set.
The shorter end will be trying to VI
brate at a higher frequency than the
other. This naturally interferes with
the practice of splitting interfering
stations and may account for the fall
ure to get distant points when others
do it with ease.
He found the L aerial the most
prevalent type. This is an aerial
with the lead-in taken from one end
This should, of course, be the lower
end If the aerial is not level. In his
observations, however, Smith found
some of his neighbors bringing down
two lead-ins, one from each end of the
fiat top of the aerial, and he asked
Evening star., 1925-07-05
RADIO GOSSIP AND NEWS

A survey of the fiscal years actiyi-
ties in broadcasting shows that 2S1
new stations went on the air, while
245 ceased broadcasting, resulting in a
gain of SO stations during the year.
On July / there were 571 stations in
operation, comprising 101 Bs, 468 AS
and 2 Cs.
Compared with July l last year,
there were 378 AS, Sc Bs and 101 &
stations. The Cs have either dropped
out or been transferred to A and B
status, until but two remain on this,
| the original broadcast wave lengths OF
| $50 meters.
Due to lack of wave lengths in the
higher power or B band, four of the
recently licensed stations are qualified
as BIS, but are on the lower wave
lengths in the class A band.
Increased power is the important de-
velopment this past IL months; there
being 19 stations operating with power
between 1900 and 5000 watts. Five
of these stations are in the high-power
class; WSAI, WLW, voc, WCCO and
| WCBD, all being 5-kilowatt stations. In
compliance with governmental re-
quirements and so as not to cause un-
due interference locally, all these sta
/ tions authorized to transmit with kilo-
| watts are located from 10 TO Is miles
| beyond the confines of large cities.
| WEAF Is next in power, operating
| with 5000 watts; WTAM uses $500
watts, while seven have 1000 and four
are using 1900 watts. KDKA is the
most powerful; 1t is listed under a
special broadcasting license for ex-
perimental purposes and may use as
high as 10 kilowatts.
Approximately 130 new stations are
reported proposed or in course of con-
struction, among them so hope to Sc
cure class B status. and 80 plan to OPP
crate as AS. AS far as congestion
goes. II is practically as bad as it ever
has been, even when there were 59l
stations broadcasting; this is partly
due to higher power. The fact that
class A stations are seeking more pow
er will make 1t more difficult to sue
cessfully separate those shorter wave
| lengths, if many use the same chan
| nels.
AS Secretary Hoover has pointed
out, there are absolutely no more Class
B wave lengths available, so newcom-
ers in the field must take what they
can get-A wave lengths, which are
now getting scarce. The whole band
assigned for broadcasting located be-
tween 202.6 and 545.1 meters is practi-
cally exhausted and il is probable that
at the radio conference scheduled for
September additional space on lower
wave lengths will be sought, unless
Hoover is convinced by the consensus
of opinion that he should refuse to IL
Icense any more broadcasters. In that
he will have to ask Congress for au
thority which he now lacks. 1t would
not be practical for him TO refuse H.
censes to stations which can comply
with present regulations without legis-
lative authority, for IL would undoubt-
edly be held as discriminatory.
Obviously, If we are to have any
more broadcasters in operation, the in
dustry, engineers and fans will have
to aid in finding room for them on the
air. But in view of the opinion, held
by many exponents of the art. that
there are too many now, 1t is possible
that the consensus of-opinion may in
dicate a desire to stop licensing sta
tions except in territory not served by
existing stations.
Evening star., 1925-07-05

whether this wasn't the answer to
long-distance reception
Keep away from the double lead.
ln' cautioned. 1T isn't according
TO radio Hoyle, and you had better not
dlspute IT until you know more about
the subject. Then you'll probably
agree. The people with the aeriais
IKE this are probably getting only
local or nearby stations and do not
appreciate how limited they are in re-
ceiving. It's just like the way some
people keep the aerials close to the
roof because they have been told that
the farther up they go the more static
they get. They do not realize that
the higher hey go the better they can
receive, staeic or no static. And YOU
know that static is often absent"
Another thing 1 notice" Smith con-
cluded. is that most people point
their aerials in the direction of sta
tons they want to hear most. just as
I do. It's funny. though, that don't
get the results l want"
There wasn't anything funny about
it when he discovered that he really
didn't know which end of an l. aerial
does the pointing.
Il thought the free end of the aerial
should point toward the desired sta
tion," he admitted.
1ou thought wrong, ! informed
him. The free end points away from
the direction in which you can get
best reception. You should point the
free end toward your local station if
you want to cut it out and get dis
tance."
To solve Smiths problem and to
permit him to join other boosters of
long distance reception 1t was neces-
sary only for him to take the lead-in
from the opposite end of the aerial.
Smith had simply got his mental wires
twisted.
Copyright, 1925 by the Gilman Feature
Service.)
Next Week-NO. "a: The Condensers
Condensed.
Evening star., 1925-07-05

the second and fourth Tuesday of
every month, at $50 o'clock. az Walter
Reed Hospital; every Wednesday at
o'clock at the Capitol. Friday at 2
O'Clock at st. EliZabeth's Hospital, one
week, and at 8 o'clock at the Navy
Hospital the next week, and Saturday
at 1880 o'clock on alternate weeks at
the Sylvan Theater.
The Navy Band schedule was given
by Lieut.. Charles Benter is: Monday
at o'clock at the Capitol, Tuesday
at 7:3O o'clock at one of the public
parks, Wednesday at Z o'clock at the
Navy Yard, this being broadcast:
Thursday at the Navy Yard at
o'clock and Friday at one of the hos
pitals in the afternoon.
All three bands give concerts Sun
days in connection with official meet
inGs of the orga niZations with which
they are connected.
Regret Expressed for Change.
The popularity of their programs
and the regret at the discontinuance
of the Saturday afternoon concerts Is
voiced in letter from Miss Eveline
V. Craven, 1712 Corcoran street. She
asks: is there some deep, dark rea-
son. or is 1t merely the human pro
pensity of wanting to improve what is
perfectory?"
The Saturday afternoon concerts
have been an outstanding and exceed
tngly pleasant feature of Washing
tons Summer life for many wears.
which l have enjoyed to the full ever
since they were resumed after the
war" Miss Craven adds.
This letter is sent with the hope
that it may perhaps reach the eyes
and perhaps the hearts of those In
charge of the concerts. 1t is also
hoped that if there are others who
feel as the writer does, they may be
moved to voice their own apprecia-
ton or the concerts and their regret
at the discontinuance on Saturday
afternoons
Evening star., 1925-07-05
Bowdoin in Touch With Home.

Amateur radio is already fulfilling
it's mission as the only link between
the Navy Macmillan expedition to the
far north and the homeland. Mem
Der stations Of the American Radio
League In Alabama, Illinois. New
York and Pennsylvania have already
communicated with WNP, radio
station of the Bowdoin, flagship of
the expedition, and the valuable data
on reception which Is sent back
through the air to John l.. Reinartz,
operator Of the station. is expected to
help clear up the difficulties which
beset the last Macmillan expedition.
AS soon as the observation work
OF the expedition gets under way the
dispatches of Donald B. Macmillan
to the National Geographic Society
are TO be sent regularly to member
stations of the American Radio Relay
League in accordance with the plans
perfected between Mr.. Reinartz and
officials of the league in this city.
These dispatches. it is hoped, Will be
handled by large number OF stations
from coast to coast, and the problems
of reception at this end will be largely
cleared up by the constant tests now
under way.
The present work Of WNP is being
handled at about 40 meters and it is
the intention of Mr.. Reinartz to
shade downward until he reaches
wave length that gives the greatest
satisfaction in the continual daylight
which the expedition will soon en-
counter. Reports from United States
amateurs have been received at
league headquarters here.
WNP began work June II, the day
the Peary sailed from Boston to join
the Bowdoin at Wiscasset, Me-, and
contact was made with two stations.
J: w. Newman OF Mobile. Ala, opera
ting station 5AOM, carried on con-
versation with WNP for 4o minutes
on wave length Of 40 meters. The
same day, WNP. at Wiscasset. talked
with E. H. Conklin Of Evanston, ILL.,,
operating station 9DBF, using wave
length Of 42ilS meters.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
AFRICA SEEKS u. S. SETS.
England and Netherlands Also
Showing Interest.

Inquiries from foreign countries as
to American-made radio apparatus
and equipment were received by the
Department of Commerce from Africa.
England and the Netherlands, during
the past week. The prospective
African purchasers were interested in
long-range receiving sets; English
fans desire radio sets, parts and tubes
of the best quality; while a Neither
lands manufacturer Is anxious to Sc
cure transformer sheets.
Consular advices also point out that
while broadcast reception has not yet
reached the Annoy district of China, a
good demonstration would probably
work as an open sesame" in that ter.
ritory. Three broadca sting stations.
Manila, Shanghai and Macao, distant
from 800 to 778 miles from Annoy. In.
dicate that fairly good sets would be
required.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
In Schedule for BrOadcasting
Army, Macy and Marine Concerts No,U Concentrated
at SylUan Theater and Telephoned to Ne,o
York and RadiOed Throughout Country.

Saturday afternoon band concerts
at the Ellipse. the Capitol and the
White House lawn by the Army and
the Marine bands were discontinued
this season and, instead. held at the
Sylvan Theater. where the programs
are sent by telephone to New York
TO be broadcast over the Nation.
This is the answer, according to ex-
plantations made by the captains of
the military bands, which provide the
Capital City with band music. to the
queries which have come to The Star
regarding the Saturday concerts
Instead of the Saturday afternoon
concerts, which the large portion of
the Washington public was denied by
the change of program for the bene-
fit of the millions of the Eastern part
of the country. concerts were sched-
uled for Saturday evening and for
Thursday evening at the Ellipse.
Army Band Schedule.
Capt WiNam ]. Stannard of the
Army Band gave the usual schedule
of the concerts of his band as: Mon
day. at 7:30 o'clock. at one of the
public parks assigned by Lieut.. Col.
Clarence o. Sheriff.; Tuesday at
$50 o'clock, at Walter Reed Hospital;
Wednesday, alternating with the
Navy Band in programs at the Navy
Barracks at $40 o'clock; Thursday,
at the Ellipse, 5 O'Clock, on every
other week, alternating with the as
signment at Mount Alto Hospital,
where concerts are given at O'Clock;
Friday, at the Washington Barracks,
$50 o'clock, and, Saturday. every
other week at Sylvan Theater, at
7:45 O'Clock.
Capt. Santelmann's Program.
Tho regular schedule of the Marine
Band vas listed by Capt. William H.
SantehHann as: Monday. Marine Bar
racks IT 5 o'clock; Monday evening at
7:30 O'Clock, one of the public parks;
Evening star., 1925-07-05
HILDEBRAND RITES TODAY
Former Washington Woman Died
in Denver on Wednesday.

Funeral services for Mrs. W. o.
Hildebrand, % years old, formerly of
Washington, who died in Denver
Wednesday, will be conducted at the
Speare undertaking parlors at 1908
H street this afternoon at 2:30
o'clock by, DR.. z. A. Lambert.
Burial will be in Fort Lincoln Gene
terry. Mrs. Hildebrand lived here until
five years ago, when she went West in
an effort to regain her health.
She leaves her husband, W. o.
Hindebrand, and one child, Rawley.
IL years old, both of Waldorf, Nd,
and five brothers, ]. P. Rawley of
High Point, N. c., and William,
Glenn, Allen and Lindsey Rawley of
Washington.
Evening star., 1925-07-05

NAA-Naval Radio Station, Radio, Va.
(4345 Meters).
1905 am. and 1905 p.m.-Weather
reports.
WCAP - Chesapeak & Potomac Tel
ephOne Go. (468.5 Meters).
IL am-Service at the First Con-
gregational Church. Rev. George r.
Stuart of First Methodist Church,
Birmingham, Ala, will preach the
sermon.
p.m.-Outdoor service at the Peace
Cross, Washington Cathedral of the
Episcopal Church. Rev. Arson Phelps
Stokes, Canon Of Washington, will
preach the sermon.
$40 to SIS p.m.-Musical program
by RoXie and his Gang, from the
Capitol Theater, New York City.
8:15 to 9:15 p.m.-Goldman Band
Concert, Edwin Franko Goldman, con-
ductor from the Hall of Fame, New
York University campus, New York
City. Soloist, Waino Kauppi, cor
netist.
Early Program Monday.
6:45 to 745 a.m.-Morning Setting
up" exercises by the Metropolitan
Life Insurance Co., direct from the
Metropolitan Tower, l Madison ave-
nue., New York City.
WRC-Radio Corporation of America
1865 Meters).
Silent.
Early Program Tomorrow.
to 10 a.m.-Woman's hour, broad
cast Jointly with station WIZ from
New York.
II noon-Organ recital by Charles
T. Ferry. broadcast from the First
Congregational Church.
l p.m.-Sidney Seidenman'saShore
ham Hotel Orchestra, BROADCAST from
the Shoreham Hotel
Play-by-play account of the Wash
ipgton- Pittsburgh base ball game.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
Radio Supervisor Rests.

w. E. Downey, technical radio ex.
pert of the radio section of the De-
partment of Commerce, and formerly
radio supervisor at Washington, is at
present acting chief radio supervisor,
In the absence from Washington of
w. d. Terrell. Mr.. Terrell, along with
other officials of the department, is
taking advantage of the dull season
and passing part of his vacation in
Virginia.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
RADIO FREQUENCY TEST.
Standards Bureau Announces July

The July and August transmission
of standard radio frequency signals
bv the Bureau of Standards will cover
the wave bands between 200 and so
meters, it was announced yesterday
On July 20 the bureau will trans
NIT between 10 and IL o'clock p.m.,
eastern standard time from WWV, at
Washington, and Pacific standard
time from 6XBM, California. on the
wave lengths between 100 and 200
meters. On August 20, the same sta
tions will transmit at the same hours.
on the wave lengths between SO and
100 meters. In September and October,
the signals will begin on the 125
meter wave and will go up as high
as 5000 meters.
Evening star., 1925-07-05
Annoy Still Without Radio.

One of the few remaining regions
of the world that have not been in
troduced to radio is the wealthy
Annoy district of China. Consular
advices received at the Department of
Commerce yesterday. state that all
that is required to create a good busi-
ness is a demonstration of a good re.
ceiver. The nearest broadcasting sta
tions are at Shanghai, 683 miles; Ma
Gao. 800 miles, and Manila, 778 miles.
Evening star., 1925-07-05

Develops Underwater Communication.
DR.. II. C. Hayes, inventor of the
sonic depth-finder, and attached to the
Naval Research Laboratory, Bellevue,
D. c., has interested the American
scientific world by developing a new
method of underwater communication
by sound telephony. Code messages
transmitted by underwater sound
telegraphy. using comparatively low
frequency sound wave, is well known :
but high frequencies, that is. above
the limit of audibility of the human
ear (about 10000 vibrations per sec
ond). are now being utilized. Recep-
ton of these high-frequency waves is
obtained by the use of the well known
heterodyne receiving principle.
This development would make il
possible for the commanding officers
OF two submarines TO hold a converse
ton while far below surface of the
sea, obtaining, as in radio, every in
fiection of the voice. The Nays
underwater sound experts AT the
Naval Research Laboratory intimate
that they may obtain other and more
interesting developments in the near
future