davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Continued from First Page)
exceedingly wary about putting theii
hard-earned dollars into any such or
ganizations. So asked Mr.. Jardine
to name the chief requirements fol
cooperative success.
First, honesty and efficient man
agement," he replied in his abrupt
punchy manner. That's no revela
ton. The same essentials must un
derlie any business success, but to CO
operatives IT sometimes seems as II
these principles were even more i'm
portant. Co-operatives are founded
on good faith. and when good faith is
undermined the cooperative crumbles
Cooperative Must Cooperate.
Another essential to cooperative
success is inherent in the very name
cooperative In other words, the
management must really cooperate.
1t must have the farmer point of
view. The whole organization must
be responsive to his interests. If I
invest some money in a stock COM
pany, 1 am perfectly satisfied to let
the management vote for me by
proxy provided I get my dividends.
But the farmer is not putting merely
his IilOIley INTO d cooperative OESdHI-
zation. He Is putting in his year,
work and perhaps the work of his
entire family.
Since the cooperative Is so vital
to the farmer, since his shoes and
socks and the schooling for his chill.
dren depend on 1t. he must feel sure
that he is getting square deal.
Therefore the more familiar the man.
agement keeps him. with the internal
workings Of the organization, the bet
ter he Is satisfied.
Don't misunderstood me. The
farmer should not always be butting
in. The management must be free to
act according to its best judgment
but good management will see that the
farmer Is kept Informed.
Let me illustrate. The manager
of one cooperative association had a
fine mahogany Office, but 1t was prac.
tically impossible for any farmer mem
ber to get inside the mahogany rail
to the manager. The farmers had not
been paid for their crops which had
been shipped months previously, and
there was a lot of dissa tisfaction
This was poor management, not be
cause Of wrong merchandising meth
DDS, but because the farmers We're
not kept informed
Another manager Of a large CO
operative had cut the price Of the
crop several times during q single
Evening star., 1925-06-21

order of the day by a mere majority.
The phrase is proverbial in Rome that
the Chamber Is master of its
agenda." To restrict debates within
certain limits, the Italian Parliament
has adopted the system of the three
readings for bills presented either by
the government or by member.
No member can speak more than
once on any reading of a bill. A
speech from manuscript may not last
more than Is minutes. If a speaker
disagrees from the subject under dis
cussion, the presiding officer can pre-
vent him from further speech at that
sitting. On the first reading of a bill,
1t may be discussed only by the
minister or deputy who presents 1t
and by only two other speakers-one
in favor and one against.
System in Reichstag.
In the German Reichstag q motion
to close the debate can be carried by
a simple majority at any time. There
Is no such thing as the Unanimous
consent" system. Members do not
take part in debates as individuals,
but only as delegated representatives
of their parties. A steering commit
tee. on which all parties are repre-
sented, decides how much time is to
be given to debate on any question
and how many speakers shall take
part in the discussion. Since the war
the tendency has been to cut down
debating time. The limit on a single
speech has been reduced from two
hours to one hour, with occasional
exceptions when momentous matters
are under debate.
Copyright. 1925)
Evening star., 1925-06-21
Operative Marketing Hope
OF Farmers, Jardine Asserts

week Naturally this did not please
his members. But at a monthly meet
ing Of the board of directors, which
could be attended by any member OF
the organization, the manager ex-
planned the whole situation. The
farmers present asked questions and
the whole situation was cleared up.
That l call good management"
No Decision Until Fall
Jardine was a member Of President
Coolidge's agricultural conference
which last Spring recommended estab.
lishment of a Federal cooperative mar
keting board. Until some action on
this subject is taken by Congress. II
is very evident that the agricultural
chief purposes to go ahead In his Gus
tomary forceful manner administering
his department in such a way that it
will be of ever-increasing value to CO.
operative organizations. At the close
of the interview he outlined four def
mite measures by which his depart
ment was boosting cooperative mar
keting.
First. we are collecting hard facts
There has been too much theoriZing
about co-operatives. We are studying
the movement abroad, especially in
Denmark. where co-operatives have
been the salvation of the country.
Second, we are boosting new or
CARNATIONS in communities where
farmers are trying to get organized.
Third, we are sending an efficiency
expert to any association that wants
business help. Farmers are not nat
ural business men. Lack Of business
methods is one of the big faults in
many co-operatives.
Experts Are Sent Out.
Fourth. we are sending agricultural
experts around the country to visit
co-operatives. They can not only help
the associa tions, but they reach a much
greater number of farmers IN this
way. For instance, our livestock man
has recently been getting farmers in
certain sections of the country to dock
the tails of their lambs. A great many
of them had been shipping their lambs
to market with long tails, yet nc
butcher wants to receive lambs with
long tails that have been dragging in
the barnyard. and he is not willing to
pay such high price for them.
We figure that a few of these travel.
ing farm experts who can take their
little satchels and sit down with co.
operative managers can get more edu
cational information passed on to the
farmers than we could get with tons
of charts and bulletins distributed at
random"
Copyright. 1925)
Evening star., 1925-06-21

tant question of insuring stability
and therefore peace in Europe. The
protocol represented an ambitious at
tempt to deal with the whole oues.
ton at once and guarantee all from
tiers in single document 1t failed
because the British were not ready
to go beyond guaranteeing frontiers
which interested them directIy-just
as we would guarantee none because
none concerned us sufficiently-and
only then provided these frontiers
were similarly guaranteed by all
parties concerned.
The present Anglo-French venture
represents an effort to approach the
issue from the British standpoint and
by piecemeal. The British thesis is
that II a Franco-German arrangement
can be made peace will be assured and
ana the rest can wait more pro-
pitious time. But Poland, CZecho-
| slovakia. Rumania and Jugoslavia
are all interested. all have votes in
the assembly of the league and are
bound to make a fight when the cues.
tton comes up to the assembly,, as it
must in September.
Summer of Debate.
What we are now in for is a whole
Summer of debate on the proposed
pact leading up to the session at
Geneva in September. when. perhaps.
Germany will be admitted to the
league and thus qualified to make her
views heard for the first time as an
| equal.
| In sum, then. the latest proposal
Is no more than a fresh experiment
with the most difficult of conceivable
| questions and represents at most no
| more than a new beginning where
there have already been innumerable
| false starts. 1t represents a gain. be
cause Germany Is at last speaking
and acting for herself without duress
! but if there Is basis for optimism
there Is no excuse yet for far.ranging
| forecasts Of approaching settlement
Copyright. l925.)
Evening star., 1925-06-21

the children, Mr.. Eldridge explained.
were all avoidable. They were either
cases Of running between parked cars
or playing in the streets.
These figures seem to show, con-
tinued Mr.. Eldridge, that our biggest
problem Is protecting the lives of chill
dren between the ages of and Is
years In view of the fact that these
accidents were the result Of careless
ness, / am hopeful this problem Is
not beyond solution. When we con-
slider the tremendous traffic toll from
among children under Is years OF
age, 1t is high time we give thought
to this phase of conservation of human
life
specifically, what would you do
by way Of educating the children"'
l asked.
1T is not altogether a question of
educating the children" Mr.. Eldridge
replied 1T Is just as important to
educate the parents. the teachers and
the civic leaders. Children should be
taught from infancy that danger
turks In the streets, just as they are
taught that a stove is hot or that pun
ishment will follow a violation of any
parental mandate.
Favors Teaching Safety.
1T should be a part of every school
curriculum in the elementary grades
to instruct the pupils in safety. This
cannot be done in a perfunctory man.
ner. but must be brought before the
child in a way so that inhibitory
habits will be built up. A traffic ac-
cident to a child should be made the
subject of a special discourse by the
teacher. drawing a dramatic picture
of the accident and its consequences,
in order to impress the child.
How TO play and still avoid acci-
dents is what every child should know.
This is as important to the child as
any course offered in the schools. AS
laboratory course in the safety pro-
gram. n might be advisable for the
school authorities to maintain a per
manent safety exhibit where motion
pictures. graphically displaying lessons
in safety, would be shown and practi-
cal instruction given in crossing
streets.
"Of course. it is the nature Of chill
dren to play and, unless they are pro-
Evening star., 1925-06-21
BY WILLIAM ULLMAN.

7 F the number of child traffic fatal.
ties were reduced to a minimum
the major portion of the so-called
Il traffic problem would be solved
This is the opinion of NJ. O.
Eldridge. director of traffic Of Wash.
fngton, who has undertaken the tire.
! mendous task of setting up the Ma
tional Capital as model traffic city
for the entire Nation. Although he
has been on the job less than two
months. certain Innovations made
thus far in traffic regulation and con
troll give assurance that Washington
is approaching the lead. II IT Is not
already in advance of other cities. in
solving the traffic problem.
Director of Traffic Eldridge has just
returned from a tour Of some of the
principal cities In the country. In
cluding Chicago, Detroit. St. Louis.
Columbus. Philadelphia and Atlantic
City. with the conviction that Wash
ington leads in the matter of traffic
enforcement, although a number of
the cities are considerably farther ad-
vanced with respect to automatic traf-
fic control. Washington is the only
city In the country with a Traffic
Court running from am. to 1 pm.
which fact, in the opinion of Mr..
Eldridge. Is probably accountable for
the stringent traffic enforcement here.
Collateral System Passes.
Another feature of traffic enforce.
ment which is conspicuouSly absent In
the District is the collateral system,
Prior to May 8 the collateral system
was subject to abuse, as 1t still Is in
most cities, but 1t has been abolished
entirely by the new traffic law. Also
pull" that intangible but meaningful
adjunct of every city government.
plays no part in Washington's traffic
enforcement scheme.
i The question put to Mr.. Eldridge
was. How may we make our streets
safer?"
In view of the directors 25 or more
years experience with traffic problems
as an engineer In the United States
Bureau of Public Roads and as an offl-
cial of the American Automobile AS
Sociation, his answer, though appar-
emily contrary to his training. seemed
to strike at the very root of the prob
lem. He had no fantastic engineer
ing panaceas to present, no pet theo-
ries to back. no particular group to
blame.
Education. or rather the lack of
it," replied Mr.. Eldridge, probably Is
behind the tremendous traffic toll in
most OF our cities, euuCdtiolI VI lic
parent, as we'll as the child, the pedeS-
trian and the motorist.
I'm Washington, since the new traf-
fic law went into effect, May 3, there
have been six traffic deaths. four of
which we're children. In one of the
other cases, a driver of a horse drawn
vehicle was knocked from his seat
and killed, and in the other. an in
toxicated driver of a motor vehicle
ran into a tree"
Deaths Outside Congested Area.
He directed my attention to a large
map of Washington on which were
colored pins, showing where these ac-
cidents had occurred. Contrary TO
what might be expected, not one of
them had occurred within a mile OF
the so-called congested district. The
accidents resulting in the deaths of
Evening star., 1925-06-21
BY SENATOR WESLEY l.. JONE

BY SENATOR WESLEY L. JONES.
~ EFORE I made my trip had
X vague idea OF the cities In
South America and their
as to theft population and size.
the type of their buildings and streets,
but this had not given me a clear
impression of their character. 1t
may be that others do not have the
idea that l had, but, while ! realized
that there were cities of considerable
size, l did have an impression that
they were slow going, back num-
bered, rather dilapidated cities, with
very little activity and that their
people were rather sluggish, non
progressive, and of inferior intelli-
gence. was genuinely surprised
with what 1 saw. Rio has a million
and a half people; Buenos Aires,
900 900; Sac Paulo, 100000; Monte
video, 100000. and Santiago. 100000
They have magnificent hotels. Their
streets are built up solidly with beau
tiful buildings, of course, largely OF
different architecture than ours.
There are very few of what might be
called skyscraperS. TWO think
were being finished in Rio. There
are but two or three towering sky
scrapers in Buenos Aires, twhere
they are now prohibited) and three
or four in Montevideo. One building
is now being erected there which
they claim will be the largest rein
forced concrete building in the
world.
Rio Not Growing.
Rio is not growing like some OF
the other cities. We are impressed
with the wonderful building activities
I'm many of our own large cities
Buenos Aires and Sac Paulo are ap-
parently growing just as rapidly as
many of our cities and building &C
tiyity Is Just as evident as in any of
the cities in this country. The peo-
ple are refined, cultured, enterpris-
| ing and highly intelligent. 1t is true
| that there are largely but two classes
| of people, the well-to-do and the
poor. There is no great middle class
| and the well-to-do are the equal OF
our well-to-do.
There are splendid hotels. beautiful
parks, good bathing beaches and
| superb driveways in and about Rio.
They are trying to get golf course.
but it Is hard to do. There is little
omen space in or about the city.
We have a fine embassy building
| there 1t was our building at their
exposition and was wisely built with
| this purpose in view. 1t gives US a
standing that means much to US. We
can well be proud of 1t. We have
the ground upon which we should
| build so as to bring all our activities
! together.
| visited their docks and went
| through their warehouses. The docks
at Rio are like the docks in all the
other cities visited. They are most
substantially built, many of them of
stone. 1 was much impressed with
the clean and general order Of the
docks. They are far superior, think.
1 in this respect to our own. They are
built differently from ours. Here we
have docks reaching out into the har-
Dor, the vessels coming up to the
| slips. There you find a long dock
| lengthwise Of the water front, and
/ the vessels come alongside. At Rio
| there was a continuous dock for a
mile and a half or two miles. At
| Santos there is the same situation,
and the same Is largely true at Buenos
Aires, although there they have
started upon the enlargement Of their
harbor facilities and contemplate con
Evening star., 1925-06-21
Education i'm Fundamental Rules of Safety
Held Key to Ideal Traffic Conditions

Can any one agency be blamed for
the large number of traffic accidents In
our cities?" I asked the director.
ITO place the blame" he replied. ION
he pedestrians, the drivers. the courts
or the traffic officers Is a mistake.
Traffic conditions will not be improved
until all the factors entering into the
ward its solution.
Traffic Enforcement.
I'm Washington we have probably
the most effective traffic enforcement
of any large city in the country. That
is true because In carrying out the
provisions of the new traffic law. we
have had the full cooperation and
support of the courts. This Is the
only city in the country with a traf-
fic court running from am. until
IL pm, which fact Is largely respon.
sible for the abolition in the District
Of the much abused collateral sys.
tenn. Traffic offenders are given a
hearing as soon as they are arrested.
and there is no postponement of cases
or forfeiture of collateral.
Here, too. we have not to contend
with political pull" which. in many
cities, tends 20 vitiate justice and acts
as a deterrent In the. exercise of the
safety program. The judges in our
courts are subject to no dictates ex
cept the dictates Of justice and their
own COINCIDENCE.
Just as the courts are necessary
part In the traffic scheme. so are the
traffic officers. Courtesy, above every
thing else, should be a qualification
to the traffic officer. The men who
actually have charge of directing traf
fic must know their business and ex
ercise their authority, but / believe
they will accomplish more for the
safety of the citizens of the commun
ity whom they are hired to protec,
by acting at all times in a courteous
manner"
Penalties Not Too Severe.
Mr.. Eldridge realizes the Importance
of the strict enforcement of the traffic
law. particularly with respect tc
speeding, driving while intoxicated anC
hitting and running. The penalties
for these offenses were, for the mos,
part, fixed by Congress and carry
mandatory Jail sentences. Such pen
alties, according to Mr.. Eldridge, are
not too severe for the nature of the
offenses. as is evidenced by the fac
number of serious accidents since the
law went into effect, May 3.
Strict enforcement of the traffic law
in the opinion of the director. acts a.
| a check on crime. He described the
system in operation here of issuing
permits to drive. and explained how
the information thus gathered wa
| invaluable to the police in checking
up on criminals and in eliminating
to some extent, the irresponsible anC
| reckless from driving automobiles.
The multiplication of traffic laws.
continued Mr.. Eldridge, will not cur,
the traffic evil. After we have mini
miZed, as far as possible, the likeli
hood of accident. 1t remains for tn,
pedestrians and the motorists L
| ground themselves in the fundamen
| tails OF safety. Safety on our street:
is largely an individual matter. n,
! responsible citizen wants TO be in
volved in an accident, and the IRE
| sponsible should be driven from tn,
| streets and dealt with severely.
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Continued from First Page.)
in mind. The reaf uncertainty in
the matter lies In the fact that there
are three divergent states of mind
to be reconciled, namely the French,
the German and the British. The
French still want some form of al.
lance directly with Britain or some
form of general guaranty for all ex-
listing frontiers. like the protocol of
last year. The Germans want in re-
turn for evacuation of their territory
and general recognition Of their free
dom from restraint to give a guaran-
tee limited at best to the west, and
from neutralizing the Rhineland
against French invasion. The mass
of the British public-and all the Do
minions-want no form of continental
commitment whatsoever.
Diversion in Cabinet.
The Baldwin cabinet Is probably
too firmly seated to be overthroWn
because Of any popular disapproval of
the proposed pact. but there is open
division of opinion in the cabinet on
the question. By contrast. both the
French and German cabinets are eX-
cessively insecure and might fall at
any IuOHlcHlr CllIlcl Oll llilS ISSUE VI
on any one of half a dozen which are
also pending.
AS 1t has been so far sketched in the
press. doubt If any German cabinet
could accept the proposed four-power
pact and survive. And 1 think about
the same is true of the Painleve stu.
alton In France. Between now and the
end of Summer there Is sure to be
some tall talking indulged in and
PROBABLY many notifications Of the
proposal. which has already been ad-
vertised as II IT were an accomplished
fart.
In estimating tho present value of
tbs proposed four-power pact, the
vfsest thing IL to regard It as one
more experiment. with ths all impor.
Evening star., 1925-06-21

- thing there is a season. and a
time to every purpose"
time table is indispensab BILE
to a railroad. Even so-called
extras" must have their schedule,
else collision and disaster. All well
conceived administrations, whether in
school or business, are based upon
some definite form or standard that
applies to all alike. Any occupation
or profession that lacks this impairs
and ultimately destroys efficiency.
We are so constituted that we need
to be regulated and governed by a
time card. The prescription, eight
hours for work. eight hours for play.
and eight hours for sleep" is wise
distribution of the hours of the day.
We recall reading most engaging
book. "Twenty-four Hours a Day in
which the writer sought to indicate
the supreme Importance of orderly
and well-regulated living. Sir John
Lubbock wrote a suggestive book
entitled "The Use of Life and on
every page Of it he urges the impor-
tance, not only of definiteness of pur-
pose, but of precise and we'll con-
ceived provision for the use Of each
hour of the day.
Every now and again we meet
some one who has accomplished large
things in life and we wonder at his
zeal and proficiency. To our vision
he betrays no evidence of hurry.
Everything is done decently and
orderly, but system and deiniteness
of purpose characterize his every
movement.
The secret of his power and ability
is simple to understandable lives by
q system.
Some people seem to think this is
slavish and machine like. but we have
known few, If any, who have ever
done work worth while who did not
unfaillngly observe the rules of a
timetable.
Some one once asked Daniel Web
ster how he happened to use with
such telling force an illustration that
in itself favorably affected the judg-
ment of those who were opposed to
him. His reply was, that he had kept
1t by him for II years in the hope
that some day he might find the place
and the opportunity for its largest use.
His was a system, and It made him
Evening star., 1925-06-21
ELDRIDCE VIEWS ON TRAFFIC IN D. c..

play accidents every
Enotp.
In should n public
solpe future
Washington probably the traffic
contend ath
in
ererc OF IN
The
officer"
the etrafc
Fundamentals OF sdey"
irresponsible should be drpen from the
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Editors Note-This is the sec
ond of series of four articles By
Senator Jones describing his trip
to and i'm mpressions Of South Amer
tcd. .
Evening star., 1925-06-21
HAVING A SCHEDULE.

- thing there is a season. and a
time to every purpose"
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-06-21
Deaths Outside Congested Area.

He directed my attention to a large
map of Washington on which were
colored pins. showing where these ac-
cidents had occurred. Contrary TO
what might be expected, not one of
them had occurred within a mile OF
the so-called congested district. The
accidents resulting in the deaths of
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Continued on Fifteenth Page.)
Evening star., 1925-06-21
Four-Power Peace Pact Has
Difficult Road to Travel

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Notes.-Reports are rife alleging
bomb plots against the life of King
Alfonso of Spain. There seems to
be some exaggeration or quite op-
posite import. A Spanish internal
loan offered the other day was grab
bed up instantly.
II many reports are to be credited.
Admiral Horthy, regent Of Hungary,
is decidedly up against it," In great
danger of losing his job. Now is the
time for the admiral to show wheth-
er he has In him the right dictator
stuff, the true Caesar mettle: now
or never. He looks the part, but all
that glitters is not gold.
Horthy out. who tntIl and what?
Evening star., 1925-06-21

Germany ct al-The French reply
to the German proposals of February
y, for Rhine security pact, was de-