davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-02-22

You have in the present British tenn
per an entire absence of any general
sense of obligation to defend any ma
ton, to guarantee the security of any
country, or to make any contract
abroad, but at the same time You have
sense that the European problem
will be approached with great calm
ness and with growing clarity as the
supreme problem of British security.
There is no disposition to give France
an insurance against German attack,
but there is an ever widening recog-
milton of the fact that Great Britain
must find some way of guaranteeing
herself against the fatal consequences
of new Franco German struggle and
with this goes perfect realization
that the one conceivable barrier to
such a conflict must be some form of
British commitment.
War Recovery Clear.
In sum, then, all outward appear
ances which one meets in London,
the state of mind, the tone of press
comment, everything serves to en-
phasize the fact that the British peo-
pie have recovered from the strain of
the war and from the emotions and
prejudices and perhaps one might say
the extreme idealisms of the post
war period. They have cleared the do
mestic political air by indulging labor
in brief government and now by an
overwhel helming majority they have
placed power in the hands of a Tory
government calculated and commits
stoned to defend and advance British
interests by what one might almost
call traditional British methods.
And above all. since peace is the
supreme necessity of the people of
the British islands, British policy may
be expected to exercise powerful
restraining influence in Europe. In
deed, unless all signs fail, the period
of temporary eclipse of British pres
tige and influence In Europe is at an
end, precisely as the period of eco
nomic depression seems bound to be
replaced, perhaps less rapidly, by a
more prosperous condition.
To say it again and finally, John
Bull once more looks like his picture
and feels like himself
(Copyright 1925
Evening star., 1925-02-22

Continued from First Page.)
ecalicitrancy in continental recon
tru ction be abated
d According to reliable advices, Pre-
nfer Herriot soon will go to London
here ostensibly to discuss the report
81 the interallied arms commission on
8iermanic violations of the treaty of
Versailles. France would make this
report which has been submitted a
#nonth after the date set in the Yer
sailles treaty for the Cologne evacu-
&ations matter of firm representa-
#t1ons to Germany and occasion for
continued occupation of the Rhine
pand and the Ruhr, particularly
COLOGNE and other strategic points.
zEngland, on the other hand, would
modify any such action, knowing
1.-THE dangers of further infaming
Germany and thereby postponing the
gday of peaceful cooperation and set
Element of Europe's problems. Eng
land would not muddy the waters
until 1t has been proven there is no
8hope of complete and full agreement
between Germany and France in re-
|gard to pending questions. England
likewise, would like to see France
and Germany aligned in a security
pact and knows full we'll that any
publication OF the arms report at
this juncture, with stern reprimands
on the part. of the allies, would defer
the date of agreement on security and
commercial expansion so vital to
|Europe's recovery.
Now, If England can insure some
sort of security pact to France then
There might be some modification of
THE French attitude. Knowing Eng
hands desire to keep the continental
boat at an even keel, the French
statesmen are endeavoring to gain
British consent to the general policy
|of maintaining Frances after-the-
war agreements with other nations.
France would have in this security
bact a direct alliance against Ger
manic aggression. Likewise, she
roald have it embrace British COM
"a tttments to safeguard against Ger
manic aggression toward Poland,
Evening star., 1925-02-22

70 the treaty of Versailles, and for this
reason it is believed she Is particu-
larly anxious to reveal the extent Of
Germanys failures to meet all the
clauses of the treaty. England, on
the other hand, believes that Germany
should be embraced in any security
agreement and unquestionably will
press for realization of this end, for 1t
is felt that IL Germany becomes d
part and parcel of the general pledge
to maintain western continental equi-
librium then the real problem of
actual pacification and reconstruc-
ton will be solved.
In the meantime diplomatic maneu-
vering proceeds apace in allied cap
itals, and it is believed definite
courses will have been formulated
by the time England is forced to an
nounce to the league council that the
protocol cannot become an actuality
until many more months have elapsed.
At least Herriot Of France and Cham
beriain of England are working to-
ward this realization.
Evening star., 1925-02-22

Rumania and other of Frances polit-
ical allies in Eastern Europe. Eng
land does not like such a course and
1t is safe to state that England at
no time will offer any provision con-
fining the scope of British endeayor
to undue aggression by Germany
against France and possibly Belgium.
VIII Seek Wide Guarantees
1t is believed possible that France
will hold out to the end for wide
guarantees on the part of England
but inasmuch as the extension of
French influence and diplomatic
prestige in Eastern Europe has been
a sore point with England, it is not
likely at any juncture that Britain
will consent to stand as godmother
for French expansionist schemes
Such a policy would be dangerous
and unwise, and undoubtedly never
would be consented to by British do
minions. The whole Eastern Eu-
ropean situation, because of peculiar
offensive and defensive alliances be-
tween France and smaller nations,
and by virtue of hatreds and jeaI-
ousies, heightened by many unsoIved
territorial and racial questions, g is
filled with dynamite. and England
will not place herself in any position
of danger where uncontrolled actions
of others might menace her empire
policies.
But that England will give France
some compensating advantages in lieu
of the Geneva protocol, possibly
promises which will permit some de-
gree of cooperative endeavor toward
settled peace on the continent, is
certain.
The question as to what part Ger
many shall play directly in aDy So
curity agreement is of interest. Ger
many has approached France asking
that she be given a voice in security
negotiations and has promised to join
with any non-aggression agreement
should France agree to abandon any
pretensions to the Rhineland and the
Ruhr. France maintains that Frances
actions on the Rhine are wholly de-
pendent upon Germany's fulfillment
Evening star., 1925-02-22

Continued from First Page.)
ment? Not from the State or city.
His case is usually not diagnosed,
and instead of being sent to a moral
hospital he is exposed to all the con-
tagious moral diseases with which
every prison is pregnant.
Certainly moral strength Is as i'm
portant as physical strength, IL not
more so. Breakdown of moral
strength cost the Nation three and a
half billions in crime last year. !
don't know how much the failure of
physical strength cost, but I doubt
if it cost nearly as much. That's
where the church may serve.
Q. Do you propose to abolish pun
ishment?
A. No. The church believes that
where the law has been violated pun
ishment is due, whether it be the pun
ishment meted out by man or by his
Maker. We believe in this, but we go
one step farther.
How to Heal Wound.
With every crime a wound has
DScu lulllClCu UPON SOC1Cty- NAT
wound should be healed. The best
way to heal it is to cure the delin-
quent. For if we punish, but do not
cure, he continues to wound society.
How can we heal that wound?
That's the first thought behind our
probation plan.
This Is what we are doing. When
a boy is Jailed for the first time his
religious affiliation is Immediately
recorded. It's rather a joke, in way,
that no, one ever inquiries our religion
until we get to ,jail.
II is a fact that most Juvenile Of
tenders have had no religious train
ing, and that's what the Catholic
Church is endeavoring to give its
wayward sons. If they have failed to
come to us, we take the church to
them. He may have disowned us, but
we follow him to the chair If neces-
sary, with the hope that his soul may
be saved for the life eternal.
When boy is up for the first Of
Tense we ask permission of the judge
to investigate the case. This is a
diagnosis which any physician would
perform. Therefore, we go into the
boys home. We find out what his
parents were, and how much moral
training he had. We don't want to
influence the court. All we want are
Evening star., 1925-02-22

the facts. We place these before the
judge. 1t is a piece of research. We
have scientific and literary research;
for which wealthy men have endowed
laboratories and libraries, and we
have chemical research, in which we
concoct deadly war gases. Why not
human research to save young lives?
Lenient to First Offenders.
After the diagnosis we say this
boy is still guilty, but let's heal him
anyway. And in the case of first Of
tenders, the judge is usually too glad
to turn him over to US for a term of
probation. The strongest advocates of
our probation plan are the judges and
prosecuting attorneys, and recently /
see that they have urged such a plan
upon our brethren in the other
churches
Q. What happens to the boy dur
ing this period of probation?
A. We see that he gets employ
ment and require him to report every
Monday. We help him to make peace
with his Maker, and see that he gets
q fresh start in a cleaner, upright
life. He knows that If he strays
his old suspended sentence is hanging
over him. So by these little moral
taps, instead Of the cruel prison lash,
which numbs a boys soul, we guide
him back into the straight highroad
of life
You may say this is just a dream.
Isn't this all too idealistic to really
happen? l don't think so. This is
what we have done. In New York
State last year "a per cent of all pro-
baton cases were successful. In
Massachusetts, s3 per cent.
The Benefits to Society.
Q. What has been the outstanding
benefit to society from probation?
A. The saving of boys from prison.
I suppose few people realize what
harm a prison wrecks upon a mans
soul. He is transferred to another
world. After he has once been there,
it means nothing to &C back. In fact,
the prison has a fascination, for 1t is
warm in Winter and there are no re-
sponsibilities. One moves with the
herd. That's why prisons seldom cure
criminals, and also why we cannot
stop the crime wave by increasing our
much faith in our prisons.
There are other benefits, however.
1t costs, the State 1896 a year for
every boy kept in jail. Probation costs
$23 year.
Also the jails of New York and Mas
sachusetts are much less crowded. and
understand that Wingdale is being
used for other purposes. Finally.
since the boy is, usually an important
If not the only breadwinner, probation
avoids breaking up the family.
@. Will present-day youth continue
in its moral slump?
A l don't know. We are too close
to view the thing distinctly. We shall
undoubtedly pull cut, but soma of the
present generation may be lost in the
transition. 1t would be foolish for me
to make a prediction.
Copyright. 1881
Evening star., 1925-02-22
Enduring Greatness.

enduring GreatneSS.
Ezekiel, 27.S-"Thy wise men were
thy pilots"
T HE progress of civilization de-
pends in no small measure
upon those who with large
A ness of vision are able to
shape the course of men and
things to higher ends. Such men are
rare, and they are called forth by
crises and situations that call for
commanding gifts.
america has been blessed beyond
most nations with rare sons, when
times of necessity have arisen, to
pilot the Nation through troublous
waters. Among those who have fig
ured conspicuously in this respect.
George Washington easily holds his
place among our foremost men. The
men who, at its inception, fashioned
the life of this Nation were quite in
comparable, but 1t was the calm de-
liberation and perfect poise of Wash
ington that guided and directed the
course of action. 1t was Benjamin
ruled men by the calmness of his
demeanor and the depth of his insight.
Called from inconspicuous duties to
be the head of the armies and the
IiOuluer ana dictator OF the Nations
destinies. he seemed to be gifted with
rare qualities of mind and heart that
Sngularly fitted him for his great
tasks. Indeed. the very LONELINESS
of his simple habits of life lent to his
larger duties qualities that gave them
power and distinction.
His preparation. like that of most
men who have figured in the worlds
great events was in the school of the
commonplace. The strong qualities
that stand the test of difficult situa-
tions are not born in the class room.
IT is in the larger sphere Of human
action where the deeper and finer
qualities of human nature are tried
and tested that men develop those
gifts and virtues that stand them in
The hour of supreme need. Judged by
other military leaders, Washington
may not be regarded as one of the
greatest strategists the world has
known, but judged by the high stand
ards of those more enduring things
of character, he takes his place among
the foremost men of all time. He
grows greater as he recedes in his
tory.
Napoleon, with exceIling genius,
came to be for brief space the
master OF Europe, but once his sword
was broken his power waned, and
the vast empire that he created was
dismembered. Men will recall his
amazing meteoric flight, but he does
not occupy place in history COM
parable to that of Washington. He
Evening star., 1925-02-22

China Fighting is still going on
between the adherents of Sun Vat
Sen and those of Gen. Chen Kwang
Ming.
The Japanese press is denouncing
the decision of the British govern
ment to expend the equivalent of
s50,00o,009 over a term of years on
the naval base at Singapore, as dis
playing a lamentable distrust of
Britain's old ally; but Japan, / under
stand. is spending a like sum this
year on two naval bases.
Important remains of two cities,
one Inca, the other, pre-Inca, have
been brought to light in Peru.
The second opium conference
(Geneva) ended at last on Febru-
ary 10.
Evening star., 1925-02-22

amphibian airplane built for the Army
Air Service, has made good in its tests.
The'body is equipped with pontoons and
wheels BY means of an attachment
operated by an electric motor the wheels
are lowered or raised and folded to the
body. The pilot throws his switch and
there you are.
One hears that experiments. giving
good promise of success, are being made
by the Baldwin locomotive works
which have in view new type of Diesel
oil-burning locomotive which should use
the cheapest crude oil, at q fuel cost 25
to SO per cent less than the cost of coal
for tho steam locomotive. That is, Of
course, Diesel internal combustion en-
gine using the oil would drive an electric
generator, which would supply current
to electric motors, which would drive
the locomotive. The railroad companies
of the country have expended more than
$4,000, 100000 during the past two years
for cars, locomotives and "other i'm
provements,' and propose to expend
more than a billion for like purposes
during the present year.
William Beebe and his staff of IA
trained workers are off in the Arcturus
to study the Sargasso Sea and the Hum
floating home and laboratory Of the
tropical research department. of the
New York Geological Society, and. as
every one should know, Mr.. Beebe is a
naturalist of the highest distinction, an
explorer of note and most delightful
writer. The Arcturus has an ideal euujp-
ment for her work. We shall soon be
getting wireless messages from the Port
of Missing Ships.
After an expensive three-year search
the American Museum of Natural His
tory has obtained from Nepal a speci
men OF the almost extinct pink-heade
DUCK, shot by native hunter ION his
own The prime object of the magnifi-
cent Vernay-Faunthorpe hunting expedi-
ton to India in 1928 was to secure a
pink-headed duck 1t failed thereof,
though 1t brought back a precious COL
lection, including a specimen of the pre-
Vlousiy unknown "Sfamese Swift
X X X
MfscelIaneous-The ''BarmatD no.
litico-financial scandals now being
aired at Berlin. are emitting a. stencil
not altogether unfamiliar on this side
of the Atlantic.
On February 10 DR.. Marx was elect
ed chancellor of Prussia by the
Prussian Diet. On the goth the
Diet voted non-confidehce, and the
Marx cabinet fell. 1t fell because
DR.. Marx insisted on continuing Herr
SeVering, the Socialist, as minister of
the interior, man who lis a loyal
champion of the republic and by the
| same token anathema to the Ma
tionalists.
Two members of the Bulgarian
Parliament have been murdered with
In the past week, presumably by
Communists.
The Greek and Jugoslav govern
ments are negotiating with a view
to renewal of their famous alliance
for mutual defense.
Poland is balancing her budget.
Sad news comes from Russia con-
cerning the Winter crops
Turkish Deputy Is dead as the
result of wounds received in a brawl
during a session of the Grand National
Assembly at Angora.
Urged to return home to assist in
| the rehabilitation of his much-vexed
country, the Shah of Persia continues
his frolicsome career at the gay re-
sorts of Europe. He simply will not
go back to dull Teheran.
At last we get news from Southern
Evening star., 1925-02-22

confidence in the French financial sit
uation. The enemies of the govern
ment attribute this lack of confidence
to some of the governments policies;
its recognition of Moscow, it's failure
to deal sternly with the Communists,
Its anti-clerical attitude, the clamor
of the unified Socialists who belong
to the government bloc and whose
support Is indispensable to Herriot
for capital levy, etc Herriot ap-
peals to Frenchmen in the name of
patriotism not to 'expatriate their
capital. The Nationalists invite the
government to give place to a gov
ernment that would inspire tho re-
quired confidence. At whatever cost
says Herriot, bravely, France must
resist all temptations to abandon the
policy to avoid imitation" France
must pay Off as much Of her indebted
ness as possible, borrow as little as
possible.
Healthy money is the only policy
capable of lowering the cost of liv-
ing, capable of giving France the
authority she needs in international
councils"
Sound council and sincere; but even
assuming the utmost loyalty of re-
sponse from all taxpayers, the finan-
cial situation of the government is one
Of desperate hardship, one to tax the
genius of a Hamilton The situation
is, indeed, so desperate that a good
many Frenchmen to whom Caillaux is
anathema are considering whether 1t
may not be necessary to utilize his
authentic financial ability.
Spain.-Gen. Primo de Rivera an
a
of Spanish politics, which was the
prime object of the establishment of
the military directorate, is still con-
siderably short of the point where
restoration of constitutional govern
ment will be justified. He finds the
economic situation in Spain highly
satisfactory. When he took over the
government he found a deficit of a
million pesetas, increasing yearly by
100000 pesetas. He has reduced the
deficit to 100000 pesetas, notwith-
standing the heavy expenditure for
Morocco. He Is about to return to
Morocco, where the situation demands
his personal attention, though he as
serts that execution of his program
there has proceeded satisfactorily
against unprecedented obstacles. AS
for the King, gratitude is due Senior
Ibanez for increasing his popularity,
already deservingly great.
n n y
ItaIy.-The Popolo D'Italia, Mus
solinis newspaper, presents a strik-
ing picture of the economic achieve
ments Of Fascismo. 1 cite the fol-
lowing:
The budget deficit which in 1921
was nearly 5000, 900, 900 lire, has
been extinguished The internal debt
has been slightly reduced. The rail-
road deficit, which in 1921 was 1,300,-
100000 lire, has been wiped out. The
revenue from the railroads has in
creased by 25 per cent. A like i'm
provement in the shipping situation
is shown. Between 1921 and 1924
while the value of imports has
changed little, the value of exports
has increased by SO per cent and the
excess of imports over exports has
been decreased to 4,500, 900, 600 lire
from 5000, 100000. Bank deposits
have increased from 26,000,0 ,000, 600 to
$4,000. 100000 lire.
Evening star., 1925-02-22

he following Is DTleI SuH-
mary Of the most important
news of the world for the
Il seven days ended February
81, 1925:
The British Empire-The attack in
the Commons on the British govern
ment's safeguarding of industry pol
icy has begun. The enemies of that
policy charge that the government is
Introducing protection by the back
door, The government spokesmen,
of course. Indignantly give the lie to
that charge.
Beside the famous cantilever rail-
road bridge across the Firth Of Forth
in Scotland 1t is proposed to build q
railroad suspension bridge in two
spans Of 2,40o feet each. The long
est bridge span In existence or under
construction is the 1,S0o-foot span of
the new Quebec cantilever bridge.
Mr.. Lindenthars plans for a North
River bridge call for a suspension
span of 1920 feet. The Firth of Forth
project fits into grand scheme of
road and bridge construction and re-
construction for Great Britain under
the direction of the ministry of
transport. The scheme has two aims /;
one to perfect the highway system of
the island, the other to furnish work
to the unemployed.
The British government proposes
to expend approximately twenty-one
million pounds on aviation during the
coming British fiscal year. It is pro-
posed to increase the total strength
of the air force from 81 to 81 squad
rons, the seven new squadrons to be
added to the present home defense
force of Is squadrons. 1t Is proposed
to reduce the air garrison OF Irak
when Cor if) the Turco- -Iraqi bound
ary question is satisfactorily settled.
Two airships are to be built, and ex-
perimental work on airplanes and
airships is to be brisked up. A slight
increase of the regular air enlisted
personnel Is contemplated. An air
reserve on a territorial basis is
planned.
X X X X
France-The franc has been be-
having badly again. 1t fell slightly
about a week ago, and though through
prompt and energetic measures the
loss was soon recovered, the govern
ment was made very uneasy The
fall is charged to expatriation of
French capital, and that to lack of
Evening star., 1925-02-22
BY HENRY w. RUNN.

bf hENth w. DUNN
=" HE following is a brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the
4 seven days ended February
Evening star., 1925-02-22
London Presents Appearance
OF Return to Pre-War Status

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-02-22
Allies Now Are Engulfed
In Deep Diplomatic Maze

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-02-22
Is Religion Losing to Jazz?
Cardinal Hayes Blames Youth

Continued from First Page.)
New Britain herald., 1925-04-02
"SOFT WINTER" AIDED RAILROADS RECORD

Very little credit is being given to the weather during February for the improved showing of the New Haven railroad during that month which was made public the other day. It has been rare for the rail- road to earn its fixed charges dur ing February, while this year 1t showed a surplus of $259,952 dur ing the month. One has to go back to 1912 to find February which showed even a remote comparison with that month of this year. In February last year the road had a deficit of s112,249. while the same month in 1923 showed the "triling' dcacit Of $1,S22.662.
 It will be remembered that the winter of 1923 was the last word in New England winter weather, causing the expenditures oI enoF- nous sums in maintaining traffic
 Official figures for March are not yet available, but it is conceded they will be as gratifying as the February figures. The month also was entirely bereft of the hard ships of serious winter. The out look for the year is regarded as the most suspicious in the history oi the railroad since prior to the great war: but it must not be overlooked that a comparative reduction of ex penses, such as has brought aoou the good financial showing is no quite as possible during a "hart winter" The soft winter" has beeI an important factor in the hnancia report of the New EEven.