davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
Soviet Rule, Denying Human Rights,
Direct Challenge to i. S. Government

ent Soviet state-meet the agelong warnings
of the Russian people for political freedom and
economic independence?
Studying the Soviet consttution-the or
ganic, fundamental law of the Iand-we find
that class discrimination and class privilege
are made the mainsprings of Soviet Russia's
internal laws and external policy. Liberty is
construed in favor Of certain defined classes
workmen. peasants and soldiers: all others are
Observation-Disclosures is logical develop
raent Of Carl Marks theory Of Glass War
II IL impossible understand the Russian
revolution unless one makes an honest attempt
q to appreciate the point of view OF it's phoso
piers and penetrate the psychology which d.
rected 1t. The MARKHAM Socialist recognizes
only two entities in the human race-the EN-
peying and the employed classes-and from
the inevitable conflict existing between these
antagonists he derives every social. political
economic, religious and industrial evil that his
tory has ever recorded. These classes he calls
1.-The bourgeosie" employing class and the
'proIetariat' the employed wageearnng
class,.
MARKHAM Conception OF Life.
The MARKHAM conception OF industrial life.
as daily class struggle, is enlarged and trans
ferred so to embrace every form of human
activity. Everything centers about that point.
1t is set up by Russian Soviet as the only ex-
PLANTATION Of history and alone can interpret
historical variations. account for the rise and
fall of empires. explain the domination of given
races. ana, II Is declared. the ultimate
OF and famines. Its followers
believe 1t 'trates the realms Of philosophy,
meta physics economics and the political
sciences 1t has not yet fully embraced the
tnral sciences and pure ma thematcs. but. as
one commentator truly points out. there is
hardly another know field Of human knowledge,
from Totemism to the origin of Greek tragedy,
which your orthodox Marxist will not under
take to explain the basis OF the class strus-
gle between the bOurgeosie and the proetariat.
According to the Soviet view, the panacea
OF all mundane ills is. therefore. to be sought
in application of Marks principle to the root
OF human diseases. And as, for the Marxist,
the root of all evil is private property, So the
first tremendous blow must always be struck
at that institution; then industry must be ma
tionslized and appropriated in favor of the
operatives; the bourgeoisie must be disarmed,
mated as you would exterminate parasitic in
sects.
Education art literature music and such
manifestations of human genius, 1t Is believed
by the Soviet. must be cultivated only IN so far
as they serve increase the class conscious
ness OF the proetariat and insure the dictator
ship of that class
Religion. in the Marxist scheme of life. is
opiate only invented to drug the proetariat
into unthinking submission to their pitastic
overlords: hence, il is to be deliberately den-
tilted in the minds OF the sses with the
patent and oppressive abuses Of ca ptalism in
order that IT may be thus destroyed with inn
punity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
Air Service Looms as Factor
In Nations Future Defense

be secured whether by the ada pta ton
of the helicopter principle or other
wise; and whereby. 1t is hoped, the
dema nds on pilots may be diminished.
The great measure of immunity en-
joyed by airplanes from land or ship
fire, the enlarged sphere of their ac
tivity and bombing capacity, their
ever increasing carrying power, even
of emergency war supplies, and the
advantages that the improved machine
will possess, as a post of command.
whether in land or sea warfare, COM
pei the study of, aeronautics at our
funda mental war Institutions.
Impulse Given Aeronautics
Regardless of the question of a uni
fed service for the air or of its rela-
tive Importance in war, the greater
impulse that will be given to aero
nautics by the new policy Is we'll con-
Sidered and wiSe-a measure deman nd
ed by our national defense. II we are
to measure progress by what has hap
pened within the past Is years, even
since our forces crossed over to
France, 1t would be indeed difficult to
overstate the future value of air serV-
ice to effective warfare. The future
of air navigation and its value in com.
merce as we'll as war challenges a
vivid Imagination. The new policy,
somewhat overdue. is not based on
the thought that all young officers
from the two academies, or even ma
jority of them. can qualify as pilots
even with radical improvements In the
flying machine.
-. Copyright. 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
BY HENRY T.. ALLEN,
Who Commanded the American Army on
the Rhine.


The increa sed consideration to be
given to aeronautics at the national
military and naval academies, strongly
approved by the respective Cabinet
heads of our national defense and the
President, indicates a better under
standing on the part of the Govern
ment of the future greater Importance
Of the air service. The study of air
warfare and its role in wars of the
future must be catalogued along with
that of service by land and sea.
1t is not to be supposed that either
the Navy Secretary or the War Secre-
tary hopes to make pilots of all men,
bers Of the classes that leave the por-
tails of our national academies, but
they do hope to give good general
knowledge of the subject within the
time that may be possible in the al
ready crowded curricuiums, and to
qualify the graduates at least as OBJ
servers. The limitations of physical
fitness of these graduates for pilots Is
no longer theoretical, but well within
the domain of the empirical. OF the
West Point output only about one
third can pass the prescribed air serv-
ice physical examination. and of these,
20 per cent, more fail in qualifying as
pilots at the end of the years training
at the specialized schools. The same
would be approximately true of An
napolis.
The new policy is but a prelude to
new developments in aircraft whereby
greater safety and effectiveness will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
French Struggle With Riffs
Called 'Modern Punic War"

ment. French colonial troops gener-
ally enlist in the hope of hard fight
ing. The Riffs, AS yet untouched by
modern Moslem culture, still believe
that Paradise lies in the shadow of
crossed swords" But back of Moor
ish banditry and French police meas
ures" lie questions of far greater i'm
port. The rumor seems proved that
officers trained in the methods of
civilized warfare" are leading the
tribesmen. AS Prof. Sloan, the best
qualified observer to write concerning
the French colonies. recently observed,
THE African shore about Tangier has
long been a friction point of inter
national relations most difficult TO
lubricate." Ii is fair to surmise that
something more than native desert
sand has been blown into the delicate
machinery of postwar colonial ad-
justments in this quarter of the
globe. In the present struggle ques-
tons of ''nationalism and self-deter-
mination" scarcely apply. The French,
TO all appearances, are cooperating
with Moroccan troops in the territory
of the protected Sultan. Add krim.
on the other hand. can scarcely be
taken seriously as an exponent of ma
tional aspirations. Tribal advantage
and the sheer love of fighting in
grained in this desert sheik is prob
ably the motive of his actions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17

try could have no effect except that of
indefinitely deferring the return of the
Democratic party to power. They
would ALLEVIATE from it the good will
of the small. as well as the big bust
ness world, the confidence Of the ordi-
nary savings bank depositor and OF
the Industrial worker or farmer, as
well as that of the capitalist, pros
porous banker, manufacturer, mer.
chant or trader.
He advocates the Democratic party
taking firm stand against the pater-
naiistic tendencies and the encroach-
ment of the rights of the States which
have become 50 prominent in the
Pointing out that the extension of
Federal authorities was the logical
consequence of modern facilities OF
communication. 1.-The triumph of the
national idea in the Civil War and its
constitutional sequels-the eighteenth
and nineteenth amendments" But
he goes on to say, the consolidation
of the Federal jurisdiction is now
going on at rate which threatens to
eat to the very core of State au'
thority.'
Affirmative action which he advo-
Gates includes repeal of the Volstead
act so that each State may be free
in accordance with its habits and
convictions to allow or disallow TO its
citizens the use, within the limita-
tions of the eighteenth amendment, of
light wines and beer. He Also urges
that the Democratic party should ad-
Yocate the United States assuming Its
proper share of the burdens and re-
sponsibilities of world peace by sup
porting the League of Nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17

~ ECENT earthquakes or shocks
in various parts of the
TX United States have led the
L United States Coast and
tieodetic Survey to under
take national earthquake survey
with a view to giving people plenty
of advance information, when an
ca rthauake is likely to occur in their
neighborhOod
The first chapter in the investiga
ton is assembling all the readily
available information about earth
quake activity in different parts of
the country, and next will come
scientific study of earthquakes occur
ing in the United States. regions I'M
der its jurisdiction and adjacent
waters, from precise observe tons
within these areas, in order to OBJ
tain accurate knowledge of every
earthquake area. The co-operat 1on
of universities and other institutions
operating seismogra has been
solicited.
Changed by New Law.
The Coast and Geodetic Survey be-
came responsible for Government in
designations. and reports relating to
earthquake activity by an act OF
Congress approved by President
Coolidge in January of this year. For
more than 20 years 1t has been
operating seismographs, the delicate
magnetic instruments by which
earthquakes are recorded and their
location determined. 1t also main
tains magnetic observatories in Porto
Rico. Maryland. Arizona, Southeast
Alaska and Hawaii
In 1906, after the California earth
quake, the Weather Bureau became
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
BY y. o. MESSENGER.

w WITHIN week there has
n been a notable accession
wv of sentiment in political
circles favorable to the ad
ministra tons plans for re
forming the taxes and reducing them
in the mex Congress. Secretary Mel
lon is finding his hands strengthened
bv the promise of Democratic aid for
his proposition to reduce the maxi
mum surtaX on incomes. 1t Will be
recalIed that the Secretary in his ad-
dress to the Mississippi bankers ad-
mitted the futility of endeavoring to
prohibit by constitutional amendment
further issuance of tax-exempt bonds
by States and municipalities.
In the meantime. he advocated
lower surtaXes in order to encourage
finance to invest in industry and in
manufa curing, for the good of the
The Secretary would have been con-
tent with the maximum of % per
cent reduction and Is agreeably sur
prised to find prominent Democratic
advocacy of even lower rate. Sen
ator Glass of Virginia, for instance, Is
willing to reduce the maximum surtax
to 20 per cent. Now comes Senator
Bruce of Maryland. who is agreeable
to maximum of 15 per cent. Sen
ator Bayard of Delaware will accept
the Secretary's proposed reduction
and several other Democratic senator's
are known to be ready to abate their
previous objections to rate below
the existing law Of 40 peE cent
Dawning In the South.
This change in Democratic senti-
ment is explained by politicians as
being deemed. especially in the South.
to a changing of opinion among bust
ness men and financ1ers OF that sec
tion as to the Sotlth's interest in eco
nomic reform. 1t Is dawning upon
the South that it is rapidly turning
from strictly agricultural region to
a diversification of industries. For
many years the South carried on
under the slogan that king Cotton
ruled. That is the case no longer.
Cotton manufacturing Is going ahead
Of cotton producing. Cotton manufac-
turers of New England are going
South in increasing numbers with
their mills, taking advantage OF the
water resources of the Southern States
and cheaper labor there.
Secretary Mellon is described as
feeling very confident of the success
of the Administrations plans to re-
form the taxes at the next session.
He THINKS tnat the government just
now is in q better position to ap-
proach tax reform than at any other
period since the World War. Treas
ury SURPRISES are more reasonably
assured and the country at large bet
ter understands the questions in
yolyed in tax reform and can ASSESS
at their true value the various pro-
posals for dealing with the subject.
The campaign of education on tax
reform which the Treasury has con-
Quoted in the last Is months has ma :
terially lessened opposition to pro-
posed reform in and out of Congress.
The Secretary is still disappointed
that the present law failed to reduce
the maximum surtax below 40 per
cent. but he has abundant hope Of a
change in the next revenue act. 81. -
Secretary Mellon tsld the Sossthssn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
Novel Street Cars
Used in Chile Town

Iquiques street. car system prob
ably is unique. 1t consists of dozen
or more tiny cars seating about 20
persons each and equipped with auto
mobile motors There are neither
speed limits nor traffic rules. and
these hybrid vehicles scoot along the
narrow unpaved streets. sometimes
to the great danger of pedestrians.
Passengers hold tight to the seats or
sides of the car when the motorman
steps on the gas" Rainfall is un-
known in IquIque. None of the
northern portion OF Chile, making up
the great nitrate districts, has any
rainfall. There are practically no
rivers to furnish electric power for
maint tanning an electric street car
system, and the cost of bringing coal
to the port would be almost pro-
hibitive. Therefore the ingenuity of
some of~Iouique's American residents
produced her novel street cars, which,
although they remind one of the
bonneville trolley. give \ speedy
service
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
BY EDMUND A. WALSH, S. j., PHI. ID.

n. .. j. II.
~ OLSHEVISM is an international reality
- which only the hopeessly ignortant
and overconfdent Chauvinists pretend
- to ignore. The trail leads to every
capital in the world American university cir
cles have offered particularly attractive
forum for the intellectual propa ga ndist with
Moscow sympat hies-if not with actual demon
stra bic Moscow Affiliations
1t is my deliberate judgment, based on near
ly three years personal and intensive study of
European and Russian affairs that lasting
peace is possible in Europe. and, by conse
quence in the entire civilized world, until the
breach between Russia and the rest OF the
world is entirely bridged.
This breach is not chasm dug by national
hatred by historic feud racial antipathy.
The problem created by the second Russian
revolution is essentially different from repara-
tons. the evacuation of the Ruhr. immigration.
disarmament the World Court. Each Of
these current perplexties, though of tremend-
international importanc is. nevertheless,
a political question, military problem
legal instrument to promote peace. But the
Russian problem, as crystallized in Bolshevsm.
includes all these elements. because 1t is hu-
man problem. a social problem. involving not
only the 1872 900 900 human beings directly af-
fected-but extending its influence to every
known corner of the globe wherever men fore
gather to discuss the age-old problems of the
race strive for human betterment.
The BoIshevks challenge the very concept
Of human society as now organized throughout
the world and propose entirely new type OF
civiliza ton. Their program Is philosophic
teralsm in arms. the most daring school of
thou ght that has come upon the stage of
human affairs. Bullets not ballots is their
scornful answer to typical Russian revolution
aries Of the school Of Kropotkn the Anarchist,
and Plekhanov, the Social Democrat
The Bedrock Of Government.
Our conceptions of the structure Of civil So
cietv and understa nding of the functions
OF government are amalgam Of many ele-
ments-derived from such sources Patos
Republic" and Aristotles Politics; from the
strivings for self government discernible in the
rise of the great city states of the Middle Ages,
and reaching definite deveopment-frst. under
in the Cabin of the Mayhower,'' ., later in the
"Tolera ton Act" of the Maryland colony and
crystallizing finally and definitely, in the
Declaration OF Independence. that complete ex-
preston OF the American mind daring to for:
mulate a permanent political philosophy for
the new continent
The truths. enumerated in that immortal
document the corner stones of our liberties
took definite. iuristic shape thereafter in the
detailed provisions of the Constitution OF the
United States. These two documents coalesce,
therefore, into a single organic whole, which
contains a it were, the distilled essence of
rea sonable worka BILE repubiica nsm.
Rightly does Aristotle, in, his Politics. de-
fine the state to he: A community of freemen
working together for the common ha ppiness of
life under a government which is administered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
BY W. r. ericsson.

school of Foreign Service. Georgetown
University.
Almost within sight of the ships that
crowd the Straits of Gibraltar, French
colonial troops and wild Riffian tribes
men have renewed the wars of Rome
and Carthage. France has always
looked upon her colonization of
Roman Africa" as a right inherited
from the great Latin empire. To make
the parallel more striking, the Riffs
although their Spanish name OF
Runano was probably the origin of
the term ruffia n-are judged to be the
descendants of the old Carthaginian
population.
Moreover. this modern Punic war is
filed with possibilities that entirely
raise it from the sphere of the some
what dingy struggles Of modern com
mercial imperialism, wherein at first
sight it may seem to belong. If the
diplomats of Europe are today anx-
iously studying their maps of north
ern Africa. il is by no means solely
on account of the ella ssical interest
involved. About the Straits of Gil
braItar, nota bly,, its African shore, cen
ter some of the outsta nding problems
OF modern diplomacy. Here. in acute
form. focus the colonial interests and
differences OF France, Great Britain
and Spain.
Across the narrow strip of water
plowed. by keelS of the worlds ar
madas of war and peace, French impe-
rialism in Africa and Britain,s out
standing policy. the control of com
munications. are brought face TO face.
Spain figures in the question largely
on account of her proud insistence in
clinging to the narrow strip of land
surrounding an internationaliZed Tan
gier, in spite of terrible losses in men
and prestige, which are largely re-
sponsible for the presence of a dicta-
tor in Madrid. SPANS somewhat pa
thetic determination not to be de-
prived of thiR last important rem
nant of her vast colonial empire is
still apparent. Moreover, backed to
some extent by English preference for
a neighbor like Spain rather than a
triumphant colonial power like France.
King Alfonso's troops are even CO.
operating with their French rivals.
Thus, into situa ton already com
plicated by the rivalries of the world 8
great imperial powers, the sudden
fare-up of Abd-el-Krim's wild tribes
men has injected a new and critical
element.
Except for these international
factors, even the most idealistic on
locker might regard the Riff1an war
w+- certain philosophical detach-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17
NATIONAL QUAKE SURVEY.
BEING MADE BY EXPERTS
Action Determined to Give People
Plenty of Advance Informa-
ton on Shocks.

interested in earthquake investiga-
tons and obtained authority from
Congress to install seismogra phs at
several points. Including Mortified.
VT. The Weather Bureau in recent
years decided that this activity did
not fit we'll with its regular work, and
as a result of remommenda lions by
the Department of Commerce and
Of Agriculture responsibility for the
work was, definitely placed upon the
Coast and Geodetic Survey.
First Forward Step.
The investigation just begun by the
Coast and Geodetic Survey marks the
first really serious effort tv the Gov
eminent to prepare for future earth
quakes in this country. The United
States has Ia eyed behind every other
country which has earthquakes in
earthquake investiga ton.
But of what good is it to investigate
earthquakes when they cannot be
CONTROLLED
Col. f. Lester Jones, director of
the Coast and Geodetic Survey,
answers the question in this way:
There. are three possible mental
attitudes toward this great problem.
First, ignoring the possibility of earth
Quakes, WHICH is unwise in an earth
quake region; second, accepting the
earthquake and its consequences in a
spirit Of fatalism, which, though in
evitable in ancient days, Is not q
correct modern viewpoint; third, fac
ing the problem .squarely and under
taking to find solution which will
permit the earthquake to occur with
the least possible damage and loss of
life.
Problem Of Engineering.
1T would be an indictment of
modern civilization and of human in
telligence to say that 1t cannot be
solved. In a large measure the prob
lens belong to engineering No one
will deny that it is of great value to
know the nature Of great storms and
when they are coming, as ships can
get away from them and certain pre-
cautions can be taken on land For
similar reasons 1t is important to
know where, and approxima tely when,
earthquakes are likely to occur.
In many reports of earthquakes
we read the statement that the earth
quake would not have done much
damage If the building had not been
Of such Indifferent construction. and.
again, IL In the construction of The
building the character Of the geolog-
ical formation had been taken into
account the damage would not have
proved serious. 1t has been estab-
lished beyond argument that special
methods of construction greatly re-
duce the loss of life. and property
during earthquakes.
There are comparatively few area 8
in the United States and the regions
under its Jurisdictions where large
cities are subject to damage by ma jor
earthquakes. The problem here is
therefore somewhat modified. How.
ever. since all such regions are be-
coming steadily dotted with small
cities and towns, the problem differs
only in degree.
The earthquake of February %.
1925, near the Saguenay River, Que.
bee, which was felt over the northea st
portion of the United States, present
ed another phase Of the problem. AL
tCortfnueA on Fourteenth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-05-17

Editors NOte-This is the first of fUo
articles BIZ Edmund A Walsh. s. j.. Phi.
d., tCho rds member Of the H0Orer
american Relief Administration in Russia
during the great famine in 1929 and
1928: rho ,ras director general OF the
Popdl Relief Mission TO Russia. distri
bntin0 funds contributed BIZ the Catholics
of the rorld; Who traS special represent
dtire NJ the Vatican TO treat trith the
Soviet authorities for the prescrrntion of
religious rights in Russia and for the eJ-
change of prisoners under religious per
Secution. He is regent of the School nj
ForeiDh Serrice. Georgetown University.
The SECOND article 1riH be printed merit
Sunday on "ShouId the United states
Recognise So1'ict Russia"