davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
GOV. SMITH is
IN FIGHT FOR
!'nMANY HALL
New Y5rk Leader Burns
Bridges and Stakes All in
T hit Against Hylan.

NEW YORK, Aug. Is. - Burning
his bridges and stalking his entire
political career on the issue. Gov.
Alfred +. Smith today declared that
he would throw all his ability, per-
sonality and prestige into the New
York municipal campaign in behalf
of Tammany in an effort to prevent
the third nomination of Mayor John
F. Hylan. He promised that he
would stump each of the five New
York Boroughs in the interest of
the Mayorality candidacy of Sen
ator James j. Walker and personally
meet as many of the voters as pos
sible. He said that he would give
all the time he could possibly spare
to the campaign beginning next
week and ending with the primary
election.
John II. McCooey. leader of the
Brooklyn Democracy, declaring that
he still believes that Mayor Hylan
will be renominated and reelected,
defu uitely iigned himself in a fight
against Tammany for the first time
in his career, when he characterized
Tammany Hall as minors =" or
ganization in the Greater Ne York
Democracy.
Tammany's ticket recognizes the
organizations of the three large Bor-
oughs OF New Yora in dividing the
three principal places on the ticket
among them. Gen. Charles W. Ber-
~ of Brooklyn es designated as
the candidate r. Comptroller and
Joseph w Me- q the Bronx is
the selection lat 9aesdent of the
Board Of Alder. a position once
held by Gov. CT tn. Senator Walk
er, the ca sieta for Mayor, is from
Manhattaa a0iQaeh.
On account of the acton of the
organization in Brooklyn Queens
and Diamond Borou~hs in declar-
ing allegiance to Md9ol hy'an, the
Hyfan supporters contGra that they
reQfaz.uf the L nejority at the city
wiz -lailation of the Democratic
Pttlg. TAe Manhattan and Bronx
Organizations have declared for
Walker
Tamma announesu that it will
must jus IS hard a hsht in Brook
lyn as it will make in Manhattan
and Bronx and its leaders declared
that they expect to defeat Mayor
Hylan in his home Borough A
Igh' with expectations for success
viii ai5o be made in Richmond Hcf-
ougn Queens IS generally ccnceOsd
- M4yor Hylan. though Tammany
wlll fight there for votes for
Walker.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
TWO KILLED I: FOR
TIPPING POLICE

MUNCIE, Ind. Aug. 15.--Gharles
zone Arm" Wolfe, companion OF
George Dutch" Anderson Killed
Ben Hance and his wife la9t night
because they informed the police
last January of the whereabouts of
Gerald Chapman, under death SEN
tenee for the murder of police
man.
Wolfe was later arrested at the
home of his mother-in-law in the
section Of the city
Last winter Chapman and Ander-
son hid in the Hance home here
The Hances told the police. Chap
man was surrounded in the stree
on January Is and arrested. Ander
son remained in hiding.
Chapman was convicted of th'
murder of Policeman Skelly, at New
Britain, Conn, in the robbery of ;
store in which Anderson is sus
pected of participation.
Chapman was entenced 10 hans
on December 5.
Chapman and Anderson were con
victed of million dollar mail rob
berry on Lower Broadway, New YORK
City, four years ago and sentenced
to "a years at Atlanta. They es-
capped from there on August %
1922.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
WARDEN IS CHALLENGED.

PURTLAN9, Aug. 10. = FoTmer
Governor West has challeneeed Gov
ernor Pierce and Warden Dalrymple
to enter Drift Creek Canyon with
him in search of the escaped con-
viets. Vests challenege followed a
statement Thursday criticising the
Warden in connection with the es-
cape of the convicts. Pierce de-
Tended the Warden and West pro-
posed that each arm himself and
enter the canyon Monday morning
where the convicts are believed to
be hiding. West said the three
should take provisions for a search
of the canyon which would last
three days
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
LOAN SHARKS
GETTING RICH
HIGH INTEREST
Over 1000 of 5000 Seattle
City Employees Never
See Pay Checks.

SEATTLE, Aug. Is. = A check
made in City Comptroller Carroll's
office disclosed that more than 2,000
city employees of approximately
5000 never see their pay checks.
Instead, agents of loan concerns go
to the Comptroller's Office on pay
day and collect the warrants of the
employees who owe their companies,
to get their money. The city EN-
ployecs must go to the loan agent
and take what remains after the
reduction of the interest.
One agent takes 642 of the street
railway department mems warrants,
1913 policemen's. checks and 355
warrants of firemen.
1t is stated the loan concerns re-
ceived SO per cent interest yearly
on the money borrowed. The max
mum legal interest rate in the State
of Washington is one per cent per
month.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
ROOM
UNDER GUARD
B o t o n Judge Receives
Threatening Letter in
Perjury Case.

BOSTON, Mass, Aug. 15.-The
Suffold Probate Court is under
strong guard today. Judge Prest is
reported to have received a letter
threatening his life for presiding at
the perjury trial of Ida NJ. Blank
enburg, of Tulsa, Oklahoma, claim
ant to a share of the $3,OOO,0O0
estate of Lolita Crabtree, on the
ground that she is a daughter of
the actress.
Recently the woman in the case
was scored severely from the bench
as being an adventures and was re-
manded for perjury
The bulk of the Crabtree estate
was left to aid World War veterans.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
FIRST HOBO
plane RIDE
IS REPORTED

LOS ANGELES, Cal, Aug. Is
The first hobo airplane ride was re-
ported yesterday when Jack Rich
Nevada, wanted to beat his way to
the coast. He grabbed a wing of
an airplane and arrived in Los An
geles. He nearly wrecked the plane
by overbalancing it, When he was
discovered in the air, he was asked
to move into the center of the plane
which he did His shirt was torn
to threads by the wind. He had
tied bedding roll to a strut.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
COLD IN BAY
AT SEATTLE

OILY MPlA, Wash, Aug. 15.-Former
United States District Judge Cornell
ius II. Hanfofd and John Boyer, both
of Seattle, have applied to Land
Commissioner Savidge to lease the
bottoms of the entire Seattle harbor
unsold tdelands and
and tidelands sold prior to 1917 be
fore the mineral reservation clause
was inserted in the state deeds. The
petition declared gold is in the mud
in the bottom of the bay will run So
to the ton. The two men intend to
extract it by amalgamation.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
3 SUSPECTED
CONvICTS IN
OREGON CITY
Steal Sedan in Street, Rob
Garage and Take Night
Man With Them.

PORTLAND. Ore, Aug. 15.-The
Sheriff at Klamath Falls has in
formed the prison officials at Salem
Penitentiary, that three men, one
armed with a pistol, stole a sedan
ON the street Of Klamath Falls,
drove to garage and robbed it,,
then taking Paul Johnson, night
man, along with them to the out
skirts of the city and elected him
from the car and speeded on.
Johnson was not able to give a
clear description of the men but
they are believed to be Ellsworth
Kelly, James Williams and Tom
Murray, three CONFLICTS who es-
capped from the penitentiary We'd
nesday night
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Oil from Doheny's Lease
To Be Sold, Highest Bid

LOS ANGELES, Cal, Aug. 15.-
The Federal Court has ordered the
oil from the cancelled leases of the
Pan-American Petroueum Transport
Company, of the Elk Hill Navy Re-
serve. sold to the highest bidder
starting on October /. The debt to
the Government, $958,000, for
which the product of the property
has been going out to the company,
is expected to be paid out of the
amount secured from the bidder.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
American Legion Petition
Congress, Jap Exclusion

PORT ANGELES, Wash. Aug. 15.
The American Legion of Washing
ton adjourning the convention,
passed resolution asking Congress
to make mo notifications in the
existing law and place Japan on the
quota basis or in any other manner
weakening the exclusion provisions. !"
General James Drain, National Com
mander, arrived in an airp;ane from
Seattle and addressed the conven-
tion this forenoon.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Fire Warden Pleased
With Rain drops Dead
From Ouer,UOrk

SEATTLE. Aug. 15.--After
calling at the Washington
Forest Fire Association office
yesterday, expressing pleasure
over the rain and saying that
it was the first day in two
years he had not been busy.
J. M, Digby, King County Fire
Warden, died from heart at
tack He had been fighting
fires day and night for the past
month.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
STEAMER HITS
ROCK IN F0C;
!. SINKS AT ONCE
Captain and Ten Members
of Crew Perish When
Steamer Goes Down

BREST, Aug. Is. The cargo
steamer Saint Marie hit sharp
rock in fog in the English Chan
mel off Oussant this forenoon and
sank quickly. The captain and ten
of the members of the crew per
ished Thirteen members of the
crew. clinging to the bottom of a
life boat, reached Oussant in a
pitiable condition.
Steamer Berville tore a hole in
her side by hitting. a rock near
Oussant She called for help and
tugs went to her assistance and
towed her to this port.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
INTELLECTUAL'S WORK
TO BE CHAMPIONED BY
INTERNATIONAL BODIES

BOSTON. Aug. 15.-The American
Committee of Intellectual Cooperation
formation of which recently was an.
nounced to collaborate with a similar
international committee of the League
of Nations, viii act as sort of cham
pion for intellectual workers in the
United States.
One Of the purposes of the Amer
lean committee will be to learn the
extent of AZ evils from which intel
lectual workers in different profcs-
sions might be suffering and to sug-
gest methods of relief AS an ex-
ample, the International group has
approved measure to protect scien-
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
SIGNIFICANT NOTE, CASKET

SALEM, Ore, Aug. I5-On the
casket of Bud "oregon" Jones, con
Wet shot and killed while trying to
escape last Wednesday night from
the Salem Penitentiary was a
bouquet, attached to which was a
piece of common white paper on
which was written. in red ink
Complimentary and with sincere
sympathy to Ye brave noble victim
of system"
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Pacific Northwest Expo
Is Urged in N. Y. City

SEATTLE, Aug. Is. Scott u.
Henderson, Tacoma attorney, before
the Seattle Chamber of Commerce
yesterday, urged Pacific North
west Commercial Industrial Exposi-
tion beheld in New York in the
Spring. Exhibits would represent
every industry of commerce from
Montana, Idaho, Oregon anG Wash
ington
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Gasoline TO Go
Up; Rockefeller
Spends = Dimes

POMPTON, LAKES, N j., Aug. IA
John D. Rockefeller yesterday re-
warded two old truck drivers with
bright new dimes for road directions
when the chauffeur lost his way re
tuning with Rockefeller from a visit
to his neice at Madison, n. j.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Seattle Banke1 Dies in
CAL, Whle Seeking Health

SEATTLE, Aug. IS. - Ralph H.
MaeMi9hael, iee-Presidcnt Of the
Dexter Ioi ton National Bank, died
yesterday in Monroyia, Cal. He
came here II years ago from the
Mellon National Bank of Pittsburgh
account of his health
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Four Men Attempt to
Rob Home Of Dempsey

Los ANGELES, Cal. Aug. Is. =
Four men broke into the Hollywood
home of Jack Dempsey last night,
Dempsey and his wife were in bed
upstairs. Dempsey heard a noise
and unleashed his watchdogs. The
burglars were routed and nothing
was found to have been stolen.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Miners Are Forbidden
Public Prayer Meetings

OKMULGEE, Okla, Aug. 10
Four miners have been arrested
charged with violation of Sheriff
Russell's orders forbidding public
prayer meetings of miners in the
mining area. The arrests were
made to test the legality of the
proclamation.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Mummifed Corpse Is
Found; Case Of Suicide

FRESNO, Cal, Aug. IA num-
mifed corpse, fully clad, was found
yesterday on a small island in the
San joaquin River. The coroner
said the wind, air and sun had pre-
served the body. A rotted rope was
tied around the neck indicating the
person had committed suicide.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15

tific property, basing their action up
on the idea that scientific discovery
should rank with artistic creation
and technical invention, which are
protected by copyright AMI patent.
Thus, if some law of science were
discovered which later was made ap-
p'icable 10 an invention not only
would the inventor benefit but also
the scientist who discovered the law.
The committee also will study in
teruniversity relations and tliraisn to
the international committee data on
courses of study in various univorsi.
ties and the extent to which they
Continued on PaSe Seven.l
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Men Drop from Big
Airship by Parachutes

LAKEHURST. Aug. Is. Diri-
gible Shenandoah left late yesterday
for Newport after twice circling the
field here and. dropping two petty
officers by parachutes.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Manganese Ore Is
Found N Oh Mine

PORT ANGELES. Wash, Aug. Is.
Two bodies of man canese ore have
been found at Falrhome, 80 miles
west, from a nca by mine rated the
richest in America. Ten thousand
tons have been taken from this mine
and only about 1900 tons are said
to remain. .a-. -
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
B. e. Police Make Move
To Run Down Criminals

VICTORIA, b. c., Aug. 10. - The
Provincial Police are outhtting a
35-foot boat with 15-mile speed,
to lie at sydney, ten miles from
the American boundary, ready to 20
in pursuit of criminals.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Red Cross Medal Wearer
Saves Man from Drowning

SEASIDE, Ore.., Aug. 15.-Helcn
Loux, aged II, of Pocatello, Idaho,
yesterday saved Leonard Nordstrom,
aged 90, of Seattle, from drowning
beyond the breakers. Miss Loux al
ready has one Red Cross Life Saw
ing emblem.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
II. s. BOAT IN COLLISION.

DEAL, England, Aug. Is. = The
United States Shipping Board steam
er Aquaris collided this afternoon
with the East Goodwin Light Ship
in a dense fog 1t is believed the
Light Ship is severely damaged.
The Aquaris is standing by,
slightly damaged above the water
line. The Light Ship saw the
Aquaris approaching and fired a
warning gun but too late.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
l4-Year-Old School Boys
Confess Many Robberies

MINEOLA, N. Y, Aug. 15.-Al-
bert Mack and Dominick Oliveria,
to robbing 100 homes here since
school closed. They said they OBJ
tanned over $4,000 in money
jewelry or other articles
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Entangled in Wire Fence;
Killed by High Voltage

IOWA CITY, Aug. 15.--Joo Hall,
Paul Miller and John Miller were
they became entangled in barbed
wire fence that accidentally con-
tacted with a high voltage electric
line.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
Vau't OF Iowa City
3ank Wrecked, Robbed

BURT, Iowa. Aug. Is. - Eight
men with eight explosions wrecked
the safe of the First National Bank
during the night and escaped with
cash and bonds amour ting to
$4,000.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
San Francisco Man
Mrs Tennis Title

CHICAGO. Aug, l.. Cranston
Holman 81 San Francisco. today
won t.a ational Junior Tennis
title 4efeaEng Harris Congress Hall
of De Noines, 6-2 and 6-1.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15

YAKIMA, Wash, Aug. 1o.--Snow
has helped quel the fires in the
Rainier National Forest cas-. of the
Cascade Mountains
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
SNOW HELPS TO
PUT OUT fires
Fall Is Reported in Two
States and Forest Fires
Being Exting,lished.

WALLACE. Idaho, Arg. i Two
inches of snow has asaiste4 iu K
tinguishing forest fires in ais ST.
cinity.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15
BANK RObbINC
GANG IS BUSY

DAYTON. Ohio, Aug. Is. - Two
bank robberies are reported in this
State yesterday.
The Dayton Savings and Trust
Company Bank was robbed of $685.
900. One intruder herded seven en-
ployees into the vault and quietly
left with his loot f-
The Farms Bank at Ohio City was
also robbed of $4,000
The Anderson gang is believed to
be the robbers
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, Aug. 15.-
An uncovered man of the Indiana
Bankers Association, who had work
ed his way into the Anderson gang,
has been Missing since July 6 when
he was seen to enter a house in
Detroit with members of the gang.
He has been given up as slain.
The Alaska daily empire., 1925-08-15

Continued on PaSe seven,l
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03

Mrs. Buckley. suffering severely
from pain in her back as she lay
on a bed in her home, advocated
more stringent penalties for failure
to stop after an accident, with a
five-year prison term instead of the
present six months maximum.
Her husband, Edward E. Buckley
merchant policeman, suggested that
stTicter enforcement, with no sus-
pended sentence, is needed, rather
than stricter laws.
'I believe that driver must have
been intoxicated. or he never would
have left the scene." Mrs. Buckley
said. "I think he might give him.
self up yet If he finds he didn't kill
me-"
Dragged Several Feet
Mrs. Buckley attributed her life to
the fact she has not omitted morn.
ing exercises since childhood. This
enabled her to withstand the shock
she believed.
II know 1 was dragged several
feet, because my clothes were all
torn" she said. Everybody was
surprised when witnesses reached
me and found was able to talk.
raised my head enough to see the
automobile speeding away, but I
was so dazed l couldn't see any
numbers.
II remember looking the way the
automobile was coming and could
not see it. do not understand how
it got me so fast. was only four
feet from the curb when 1 was
struck.
II am so careful. I have a horror
of leaving the house because OF the
way these automobiles are driven.
why. might have died for all
that driver knew"
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
SOARING MERCURY
I BREAKS ZERO GRIP
Temperature Jumps 18 Degrees in Climb for Above
Freezing Weather.

A jump Of eighteen degrees be-
tween 9 a. m. and noon today re-
stored temperatures to near normal
and strengthened predictions OF j.
II. Armington, Government meteor
ologist, that ''above freezing
weather would be here late today or
tonight.
At D. m. it was 80.
The warmer weather followed the
coldest day ever recorded for March
since the weather bureau was estab-
lished here, Armington said.
The mercury held at degrees
above from midnight to a. M,
Jumping to 10 at 10 a. m.
Unsettled weather was expected to
accompany the steady rise in tenn.
perature, Armington said.
Mondays average temperature
was seven degrees. or two degrees
lower than any average temperature
recorded on any March day, he said.
Lowest was eight-tenths above zero
and the highest 13. Although zero
was reacled March 7, 1899, the tenn
perautre climbed during the day, for
a higher average.
Fruit men of the State declared
the cold would mean loss Of thou
sands Of dollars
Lee Dubois OF Noblesville. owner
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
.CORONER'S QUIZ
ON BLAST BEGUN
Witnesses Tell Of Escaping
Gas in Sullivan Mine.

SULLIVAN. March S.-Escaping
gas from an old working caused by
falls and squeezes caused the blast
which a week ago last Friday took
fifty-one lives at city mine here. wit
neses testified today at a coroner's
inquest.
That the miners had scented ga&
and had called for the mine boss.
then prepared to leave their work
ings for safety when the explosion
occurred, was also borne out by witt
nesses, all of whom were miners
who escaped from the mine alive
and who aided in rescue work.
A dust explosion must have fol-
lowed the gas explosion, witnesses
testified.
Witnesses further declared that.
the mine. WIS slie from gas up UNI.
til few minutes before the expiox-
ion, when it began to leak out from
the old workings which had been
sealed sometime previous.
Joe Meakin, fire boss, was the
principal witness.
A. G. Daily, State mine inspsc-
tor. was to give his report this aft
ernoon.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
ALLEGED .DACKER
OF RING HELD
Eddie Monfort Surrenders
to Federal Agents.

Eddie Monfort.. 5214 Broadway. al
legged by Federal prohibition agents
to have. been one OF the financial
hackers of the bootlegging gang
which the agents started rounding
up last Friday surrendered at the
Federal building this afternoon.
A warrant charges him with con-
spiracy to violate national prohibi-
ton laws.
Agents have arrested two men and
la woman besides Monfort and have
warrants out for several others.
They charge tho band brought as
much as 1000 gallons Of liquor a
week into Indianapolis and disposed
~ If fhfnisnh a f.nnfrnI a&nMHH,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
MOTHER AND TWO
CHILDREN PERISH
Burned to Death When
Flames Sweep Tenement.

Br United Press
BROOKLYN, N. Y, March IA
woman and her two children were
burned to death, two other persons
received burns that may prove fatal
and fifteen firemen and policemen
were injured today in fire that de-
stroyed a five-story brick tenement
house here.
The dead are: Mrs. elsie Carroll.
33; her son, John, 5. and her daugh.
ter, Ruth. 6.
Trapped on the third floor of the
burning building, Mrs. Carroll be.
came hysterical and threw her two
children out q rear window. Their
clothing aIready was aflre when the
mother made . last desperate effort
10 save their lives
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
HOURLY TEMPERATURE

Of one Of the largest peach orchards
In the State, said there will be no
peaches in the central part of In
diana this season. He said he had
examined buds OF many trees and
found them all dead.
EMIL Heller of Seymour, owner
OF 5000 trees, stated the crop will
fall short Of normal this year. He
said the trees were damaged by ex-
treme cold about Dec. % and Jan.
2S and that the present near-zero
weather had added to the damage.
The buds had swollen considerably
during the recently warm weather,
Heller said, and the cold has killed
the buds as a result. Heller's normal
crop is $4,000 bushels.
Sugar camp owners were rejolc-
ing, however, over the cold wave.
They said the zero weather would
make maple syrup sweeter.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
NEAR ZERO FAILS
TO DIM SUCCESS
OF AUTO EXHIBIT
Crowd Of 10000 Sees Motor
Show at State Fair
ground.

Enthusiastic over the tremendous
success OF the opening night OF the
fourteenth annual automobile show
of the Indianapolis Auto Trade AS
sociation at the State Playground
Monday, exhibitors and managers to-
day predicted the show will be the
most successful in the history Of In
dianapolis. The show is opened at
10 a. m. daily.
Near-Zero weather failed to check
the throng of more than 10000 per-
sons that poured through the en-
frances Of the Manufacturers Build
ing Monday night. The crowd
seethed through the long aisleg,
wound in endlesss lines through the
exhibits OF pleasure cars. trucks. ac-
cessories and equipment. 1t sat in
the $4,000 limousines and bounced
up and down in the little cars,
gathered arnloads Of catalogues and
demonstrated the doctrine 'in times
of winter prepare for summer" by
rapidly exhausting a gigantic stack
OF fly swatters one company dis
tributed as souvenirs.
But the automotive industry did
not have a monopoly on public at
tention. A rival was in the field. the
radio. 1t was noticeable that radio
receiving set displays held their
own with the most expensive and
luxurious automobiles.
One of the features OF the evoning
was the Mason-Dixon orchestra
which will play every day during
the week.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1925-03-03
THREE VICTIMS
OF COLD WAVE
Women, Two Men Freeze to
Death in Chicago,

Pv United Press
CHICAGO March 3.-Three per.
sons froze to death here during the
past twenty-four hours. police re-
ported today.
One of the victims was an un'
identified woman Of about As. whose
thinly clad body was found on the
sidewalk. The other victims were
Emil Levitus. so. and Michael Engel.
hardt, 48.
The Midwest cold wave has in
vaded the East and South. the
weather bureau reported today.
Freezing temperatures prevail in the
eastern gulf region and East.
Temperatures in the West are
markedly higher. the bureau said.
However, several northern Michigan
points reported below zero.