davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-08-16
BY WILL p. KENNEDY.

Abatement of the tax nuisance is
going to be the preponderant work
of the next session of Congress-in
fact, about all that will be done, save
to pass the regular annual appropria-
tion bills.
The new Republican leader of the
House of Representatives, Represent
ative John Q. Tilson of Connecticut
believes in doing one thing at time
and doing that one thing hard. Bear
ing in mind that characteristic, it is
not surprising that inquiries directed
to him concerning plans for the next
session of Congress bring forth the
information. that he has no plans in
the plural sense, but only "a" plan
and that is for tax reform.
Tilson is not prone to shout his
views from the housetops. but on the
subject of taxes he has very definite
ideas, which of late he has shown a
disposition to tell the world" when
ever and wherever the opportunity
presents itself.
The new House leader believes that
those who are entitled to the greatest
relief through tax reform are the mil
lions of persons in the United States
who pay no direct income tax to the
Federal Government, but who feel the
burden greatest by reason of increased
prices for the necessities of life. These
are the persons who suffer most by
reason of the high sur-taxes, Repre-
sentative Tilson believes, because they
are the ultimate consumers and in the
end must pay all taxes, which are
passed on to them as part of the price
of everything they eat and wear.
Briefly stated, Representative Til
sons ideas for tax reform and the
Evening star., 1925-08-16
TAX REFORM is CONGRESS-
GREAT OBJECTIVE THIS FALL
Reduction of Burden Generally Is Practically Only
Question to Be Tackled by Legislative
Body During Session.

elements of his plan Of action for the
next session of the House are:
1. Substantial reduction of sur
taxes.
2. Elimination of the publicity of
income tax returns.
8. Reduction or elimination of in
heritance taxes, so as to enlarge the
field for State taxation.
4. Repeal Of the so-called "nuis-
ance" taxes, on automobile parts, etc,
to the greatest extent practicable.
Tilson's Summer has been a rather
busy one, as he spent several months
running from one end of Europe to
the other, ostensibly studying the
production of war munitions-a sub
ject in which he has been interested
for many years.
He devoted A great amount of time
to this subject and recently collabo-
rated on a voluminous report sub
mitted to the War Department; but,
between train. jumps, official dinners
and other incidents of his tour
through a dozen or more countries
he also found time to gather sufficient
material for an equally voluminous
report on European taxation methods.
This information is now digesting
"nlle on a vacation In MS summer
camp in New Hampshire.
In slang phase. Tilson Is "a bear
for work" and a vacation to him
means merely lodging the crowd for
a time so that he can get to work
on subject that interests him.
Those who know Tilson's charac-
ter do not expect to find him a party
to any compromise ON the tax ques-
ton in the next session. Born in
Tennessee, where such a thing as
compromise is unknown, and edu-
Gated and for 35 years a resident
among Connecticut Yankees, who
have a supreme faculty for knowing
just what they want and going after
it by the shortest possible route, his
background and environment has
helped to make him man who would
rather go down starving than take
half a loaf for surrender. Tilsons
idea of fair compromise where prin-
ciple is involved is to get what he
thinks right and not jot less.
With all his unyielding disposition
on questions of large Importance,
members of the House almost unani-
mously agree that there are few men
in Congress more easy to get along
with than he is. On such matters
as committee appointments and other
the general run of Congressman are,
to say the least, persistently looking
after their own interests, Tilson has
shown disposition to step aside for
the other fellow-as he did two years
ago when he gave up a place on
the rules committee so that Represent
ative John M. Nelson of Wisconsin
might have the appointment-thus for
time appeasing the La Toilette bloc.
On matters of principle, however,
his record shows that he has been as
unyielding as granite, being one of
the handful who voted against the
soldiers bonus and of the even
smaller number who refused to COM
promise on the Mellon tax plan.
The material which Representative
Tilson has collected in Europe seems
to have strengthened his conviction
of the need for immediate tax re-
form.
"It is difficult and unfair" says Mr..
Continued on Third Page.l
Evening star., 1925-08-16

the great body of islanders to be ex-
plotted and impoverished by a small
coterie OF their own people"
American tutelage, he said, has thus
Tar been unable to reach more than an
insignificant part of the population, 90
per cent of which is still inarticulate,
while million or more pagans and
Moros, occupying 40 per cent of the
land area, have scarcely taken the
hrst steps on the long road to indi-
Vldual Initiative in government.
Must Learn to Be Free.
ut is not given to any people to
override chronological truth" he con-
tinued, nor to hurdle the slow proc.
esses of evolution. If the Malay is to
escape his inheritance, it must be bv
the same road we have Travelled, and
history records that the journey was a
slow and painful one" Without the
"steadiness and self-control of politi
cal maturity he stated, any indepen-
dent government launched by the
Philippines is foredoomed to failure
The ingrained characteristics, habits
and limitations of 10000, 900 people
cannot be transformed in a genera.
ton nor In many generations, he
maintained.
Mr.. Williams denied the truth of the
SAoiiiA tAdl lLIe II HlplnOS naO achieved
their independence from Spain. and
said that it would have been tragical
to abandon the Philippines to their
tate in 1898. He praised the wonder
ful- -uplift work accomplished by this
country since that time, and asserted
that the present stability of the gov
ernment in the islands is due solely
to the presence of American soye-
reignty there
Regarding the premise contained in
the preamble of the Jones bill. as cited
by Mr.. Benitez, Mr.. Williams declared
that "the authority of a party ma
Jorlty In Congress, influenced by sup
posed political eXpediency. thus TO
categorically and finally interpret the
Will OF the people of the United
States as to the Philippines, is open
to serious question" and cited the
elections of 1900 and 1924, when plat
forms favoring independence were
rejected by. the people of this country
He also questioned the constitutional
power of Congress to ALLEVIATE soyer-
eighty over any territory belonging
to the United States.
To cast the islands adrift now. he
maintained, would stultify our every
tradition and would be a shameful
betrayal of every principle of decency
oaio .o.. pay 1oT WHICH our country
stands" and he challenged any one
to prove that our withdrawal from
the islands would be to the physical.
mental or material advantage or in
terest of the Filipinos Those who
question the wisdom of Philippine in.
dependence, he concluded, are better
and truer friends of the Filipino peo-
pie than those who for various mo-
tives and ends proclaim otherwise.
There was considerable general dis
cussion of both of these addresses
but no action on the subject was
carried on with marked amicability,
taken by the conference
tCopyright. 1920
Evening star., 1925-08-16

men of standing at that. Suppose
some one had thrown a brick? Where
would we have ended? And the re-
sponsibility would have been all mine. "
After reminding Mr.. Spargo that
Italy and japan had just recently
passed laws which strictly defined free
speech and provided strict penalties
for those who violated them, l asked
if he believed the United States should
pass a similar law.
Free speech Is too hard to define"
MIR. Spargo replied Immediately. 1T
is too debatable a question to put
down in black and white in terms of
law. 1t is too easy TO slip away from
the democratic principle of free
speech into endangering the public
peace. Besides we have too many
laws in this country. We believe in
indiyidualistic government and there
fore we should govern ourselves not
by petty and restrictive laws, but by
common sense"
Dealing With Violence.
But what are we to do with the
man who deliberately advocates the
violent overthrow OF government"
l asked. AT present, according TO
the Department of Justice, there is
no penalty nor any means of DEALING
with the American citizen who advo-
Gates violence"
Il say by all means shut UP the
man who advocates violence" re.
turned the noted ex-socialist, "but /
am not convinced that you can do 1t
by law. The man who really wants to
advocate violence is skillful enough TO
get around the law. The fanatic who
openly advocates violence is so blatant
that he is not DANGEROUS PeoDJe
laugh at him. 1t is the skillful man
we have to fear. and he can always
avoid any law
For instance. / have heard a man
melting a mob to beat up 'scabs.' He
said nothing about violence, in fact
just the contrary. Let me impress
upon your minds that YOU must not
Evening star., 1925-08-16

ent German republic is bound some
day to result in an explosion that will
shake Europe and the world. 1t sim
ply can't be done.
Must Find an Outlet.
Somewhere Germany must find an
outlet for her surplus energies and
her surplus population. There are
few places in the world where Ger
man emigrants are welcome today or
are likely to be welcome for many
years to come. If there were Ger
man colonies to which they could go
necessity would force them there and
in time these colonies would be made
to contribute largely to the worlds
wealth. New wealth comes only
through the development of raw re-
sources, and Germany has need of
a lot of new wealth If she is to feed
her people and pay her debts. She
cannot earn this new wealth unless
given an opportunity. 1t would be
much better to keep her busy earning
it in tropical Africa than to have her
seeking a way out of her difficulties
by plotting for unfair advantage in
the establishments of her creditors.
Germany deserved punishment and
must be made to pay-aH the world
agrees to that. But the victorS can
not consistently demand payment and
at the same. time deny the means of
payment. Economists agree that fu-.
ture increases in standards of living
must come. largely through develop
ment of the tropics. Development of.
the tropics is a mighty disagreeable
job, as all colonial powers have found.
Why not let the Germans do a share
fCopyright. 1881
Evening star., 1925-08-16

crowd, and to draw a crowd is to in
yite disaster.
Il can't go TO the police chief and
tell him he is wrong and | am right,
and that I have a perfect right to
read the Constitution in the public
square. Because the police chief is
responsible for property and life, while
l am not.
This self-appointed triumvirate-
you, Judge Gary and probably also
would agree that freedom of religious
worship was a constitutional right
Every man is entitled to il. both white
and black. Yet / can conceive of
time, such as during a ku kluX kian
riot, when common sense would die
tate the closing of a negro church"
rs not the right OF free speech
frequently uniustly curtailed by the
authorities" | asked John Spargo.
Undoubtedly" he replied. But
who are the best judges of whether
the curtailment is just or unjust.
Frankly. L don't get nearly as hot
under the collar when / see public
meetings suppressed as 1 used to.
A Youthful Indiscretion.
81 remember one case. for instance,
when l was much younger and when
/ was not yet a citizen of this country.
There was a strike down in Pennsyl-
vania and an injunction had been is
sued-I still think rather unfairly
against the holding of public meetings.
l was sent down to tell the authori
ties that they couldn't get away with
this
well, I told them! told them
about our constitutional rights, and
about Valley Forge and Lexington
and what our forefathers had stood
for in those days-at which time, re-
member, I had not yet declared INV
intention of becoming an American
citizen. The meeting was held and
there was no violence, but as l look
back on 1t. I think / had nerve to
place my own judgment ahead of
q her N NI-hn knnn,,r he r,it
Evening star., 1925-08-16
BY NORBERT LYONS,
Secretary United States Mission,
American Chamber of Commerce
of the Philippine Islands.

An unusually interesting and author
itative presentation OF the Philippine
independence question from opposing
viewpoints took place at the recent
Institute of Pacific Relations, which
closed its sessions at Honolulu on July
Is. The protagonists were Conrado
Benitez, a prominent young lawyer of
Manila, educated in the United States,
and Judge Daniel r. Williams, former
member of the Philippine judiciary and
author of a recent volume on THE
United States and the. Philippines E"
Both were delegates from the Philip.
pine Islands.
Mr.. Benitez based his justifica ton
of the Filipino plea for independence
on two grounds-first, that the Fill
pinos had virtually achieved their in
dependence by their own efforts when
the American military forces took over
the islands, and, second, that the
United States. through its leading
statesmen and through legal enact
ment, had pledged itself to give the
islands their independence on condi-
tions that have already been fulfilled.
In substantiation of the latter argu.
ment, Mr.. Benitez quoted at length
from the utterances of Presidents Nc
Kinley, Taft, Roosevelt and Wilson
and also called attention to the pre-
amble of the organic act of 1916
known as the Jones law, which in un-
mistakable terms holds out the hope of
ultimate independence to the Filipino
people, contingent upon the establish
ment of a stable government" Such
a government, he claimed, now exists
- n ia = L.
independence of the islands should
forthwith be declared.
People Trust America.
The Filipino people, he added, have
always had confidence in the good
faith Of the American Government
as exemplif1ed by the altruistic acts of
it's representatives. He severely criti-
cized those Americans who harp on
the incapacity of the Filipinos for
self.government and would deny the
boon of independence. These critics,
he said, gratuitously defame the civil
lized Filipino population and set up
impossible standards for the realiza-
ton of a stable government" 1t is
they, he claimed, who keep the fires of
racial hatred burning in the islands.
Mr.. Williams, in a paper replying to
Mr.. Benitez, took the viewpoint that
the Philippines are not ready for in
dependence, and that it would be a
serious mistake, leading to disaster, If
the United States, should now with.
draw. No selfish motives, he declared,
cause some Americans to oppose pres,
ent or early independence. but they
sincerely believe that such a step
would be a betrayal of our trust to
the Philippine people as a whole"
1t would be equivalent to permitting
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Is Reading the
Constitution Treason?

Yes, says John Spargo, if
you do it at the wrong time
and in the wrong way.
There are times, he explains
in the accompanying inter
view, when reading Consti-
tuition or Ten Command
ments in a certain tone of
voice and with certain ac-
compartments may touch off
a spark that will lead to riot
and -bloodshed. He says
common sense and liberal
government must control in
regulating public speech.
Evening star., 1925-08-16

bADlNNT the 1OIlSlllulfOH u
the United States is an ad-
mirable exercise and should
i be practiced oftener by
some of our officials, but
there are times when reading the Con-
stitution may be closely allied to
treason"
John Spargo was talking. John
Spargo, who came to this country a
British immigrant, who once was the
backbone of the Socialist party and
who now has left 1t to sit in the i'm
partial background and watch the
struggle between the conservative and
radical forces in this country. He was
talking in response to n question from
me regarding the proba bility of com
munism in the United States and the
best method of checking it's dangerous
propaganda.
"A good citizen" continued John
Spargo, doesn't read the Constitu-
ton during times of emergency. He
doesn't even read the Ten Command
ments. The Ten Commandments are
the basis of our social and moral life
and yet to read them at certain crit
ical moments when men are ready for
a spark to set them afiame would be
a serious moral offense.
All Believe i'm Free Speech.
L
am a liberal and l know l do. / don't
know your politics, but | infer that
you do. Even. our old friend Judge
Gary, who is an avowed conservative,
will not feel hurt if we say that he
does. We all three believe in free
speech. And we all three believe in
common sense. But free speech un.
tempered by common sense may at
times be treasonouS.
nt rrixy T,lr
the town of Herrin, ILL.,, where there
have been riots and disastrous out
breaks and where ii Is the duty of
the authorities to guard against fur
ther outbreaks. You will grant, | be-
lieve, that it is the duty of the au-
thorities to protect property and pre-
vent the loss of life. That, in my
opinion, isSthe paramount duty of any
democracy, and the further you get
into the Workings of democracy, the
more important becomes the humani-
tartan function of the state.
Therefore. in order to protect
property and life in Herrin, the au-
thorities must establish certain re-
strictions against holding public meet
ings and against being on the streets
after a certaiS time, and so on. Now
l may consider 1t my constitutional
right to attend the theater. Or l may
consider 1t my constitutional right to
go to church. But for the sake of
law and order, I must for the time
being waive those constitutional
rights.
Circumstances Must Control.
COR, again. 1 may be a person like
Roger Baldwin, who comes down from
the Civil Liberties Bureau and insists
on standing upon his constitutional
rights by reading the Constitution in
the public square at Paterson. n. J.
Now it was not the reading of the Con-
stitution0 that caused Mr.. Baldwin TO
be arrested. but the fact that he chose
a particularly dangerous time during
strike riots to read it, and the fact
that large crowds can easily he
touched off in times of trouble. To
read the Constitution Is to draw q
Evening star., 1925-08-16


words would have shown him entirely
within the law. : But his sneering
words very subtly conveyed the idea
of violence.
Common Sense a Good Rule.
cover in England ] have seen a
man disappearing Queen Victoria be-
fore a big crowd in Trafalgar Square.
Some OF the people in the crowd
wanted to mob the speaker, but po-
liceman protected him. He was say
ing: 1t would be a shame to throw a
brick at the old lady when she passes.
We must have respect for her a ee and
high position and so on, melting the
crowd to violence with every sentence.
That kind of free speech is all right
for England. England has a uniform
and even-keeled population. Our peo-
pie are too mixed and conglomerate.
They catch fire too easily.
Some of our people could listen to
a speech like that without danger.
The staid old New England Historical
Society, for instance. 1t would prob
ably do them good. But the same
speech delivered to a crowd on Pine
street, Philadelphia, would set them
on fire.
Our only safe method of regulat-
ing free speech is common sense and
a liberal government. And for the
individual citizen, an implicit obedi-
ence to any ordinance which an emer
gency calls forth
IntOlerances of Radicals.
What do you think of these com
munistic attacks upon State and mu-
nicipaI authorities who have found 1t
necessary TO limit free speech" 1 put
my last question.
The men who get exercised about
the curtailment of free speech have
shown themselves more intolerant
than most of these State and munich
pal authorities. 1t all depends on who
is doing the talking and what side he
rs talking on.
Il have seen crowds of socialists at
tending discussions at Madison Square
Garden or Carnegie Hall that were
supposed to be free and open But
let some one from the other side--a
conSerVative-riSe in his seat and at
tempt to present his case, and he was
Immediately drowned in a tumult of
boohs. Sometimes l have heard an
invited speaker who was presenting
! the other side boohed down by these
same radicals who fight for free
dom of speech. / says that these
fellows are just as serious opponents
to free speech as the policeman with
the badge and the big stick. They
both use force.
IntOlerant Liberals.
THE socialists are really just as
intolerant as their enemies. 1 remem-
| ber open air meetings up around 125th
and 138th streets in New York when
I was a member of the Socialist party
| which used to last until 1870 in the
| morning. The people living in the
| rooms above and around us must have
| been kept awake. And as 1 look back
upon it, l should not have blamed
| those people If they had taken out the
| fire hose and deluged us.
IF a man comes around at night
| and bawls under my window. 1 may
agree with his sentiments, but l am
nevertheless seized with a violent de-
sire to go out and kick him
Evening star., 1925-08-16
OPPOSING POINTS OF VIEW HELD
ON PHILIPPEAN INDEPENDENCE
Manila Lawyer Declares People Are Entitled to Free
dom, While Judge Williams Asserts They
Are Not Yet Ready.

EDITORS NOTE-Eleven members OF
Congress. in addition 10 Repre- resentatives
Bacon and Underhill have visited the
Philippines during the past few months.
and dicstions are that the Philippine
independence question will come up for
discussion at the copiing session Of Con-
grcss. This article presents both sides
of the question from authoritative
Evening star., 1925-08-16

Princess ALA Mestchersky, whose
family and fortune were swept away
in the Russian revolution, is now
working is chambermaid in a Lon
don hotel. .,
Evening star., 1925-08-16
RUSSO-CERMAN ALLIANCE
HELD STRESEMANN'S AIM
Ambition to Return to World Power
Believed Basis of Berlin's Reser-
vations on Security Pact.
BY FRANK III. SIMONDS.

w Y HAT is the German purpose
n with respect of Russia?
M This is the outstanding
problem of the present Eu-
Evening star., 1925-08-16
Former Socialist Leader Discusses
Controlling of Dangerous Free Speech

beat up these fellows he said. Don't
use violence. Don't lay your hands on
them A stepographic report of his
words would have shown him entirely
within the law But his sneering
words very subtly conveyed the idea
of violence.
Evening star., 1925-08-16
BY DREW PEARSON.

./IH EADING the Constitution of
the United States is an ad-
mirable exercise and should
Il be practiced oftener by
Evening star., 1925-08-16

CONTINUED ON Third Page.)
Evening star., 1925-06-03
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Evening star., 1925-06-03
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Evening star., 1925-06-03
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