davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
No Hurry to Move Bees
That Are Quiet in Hive

Bees which are getting along quietly
in their quarters in the cellar should
not be moved to locations outdoors un-
til the pussy willow and soft maple
are in bloom, says Francis JAEGER Of
the bee culture division at University
Farm, Mimi.
TO take them out the first warm,
springlike day is to invite heavy
losses ON account of cold winds and
changeable weather. In their search
for blooms the bees fly long distances
and if oyertaken, by chilling winds and
storms they are unable to reach the
home port. Delay in moving them will
save much of this dwindling, as bee
keepers call 1t.
The rule then is to keep the quiet,
orderly colonies in their quarters as
late as possible-until there are
blooms nearby for them to work on
Exception to the rule follows if the
bees are noisy and in bad condition
All such should be placed In their sum-
mer locations as early as possible and
given a chance to clean themselves.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Different Crops Need
Fertilizing Formulas

1t is impossible TO lay down definite
fertflizing formulas for different crops
because of the extremely wide varia-
ton in soils. Generally speaking. for
barley on a sandy SOIL 2-l2-4 mix
ture is recommended, if the ground
mas not had legumes grown regularly
nor manure applied Where corn crops
have been hogged down great deal
of manure has been returned to the
soil which is supplying large amount
of potash and nitrogen. However, the
corn crop used a great deal of these
plant foods, especially the nitrogen
and it is not advisable to reduce the
amount of nitrogen recommended in
the 2-12-4 formula. From 200 to 400
pounds per acre is the amount usually
recommended for soils that are in fair
ly good condition. Between $50 and
300 pounds per acre should be suffi-
rjent
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Trench Silos Popular in
Benson County. N. D.

Seventeen trench silos were con-
structed in Benson county, North
Dakota, during 1924, after two demon
stration silos Of this type, filed the
previous season, had been opened and
the contents found in practically per-
feet condition, according to reports re-
Gently received by the United States
Department Of Agriculture. The two
demonstration silos were dug and
filled by two neighbor farmers of the
county in 1923, under the direction
Of the county agricultural extension
agent. Now there are trench silos in
all communities of the county. Labor
was the chief item in the construction
of the silos, and most of the farmers
making them were able to do the ex-
cavating during slack periods in other
farm operations. The two demon
stration silos were each dug in two
days time, principally with horses
and scraper. One is only II by
20 feet and feet deep, the other
slightly larger in area and 10 feet
deep. One of those made in 1924 Is
90 feet long Covers were made of
timbers placed across the trench with
old fence posts covering them and
wire and straw on top. BY exercis-
ing reasonable care danger of the
silage freezing was eliminated.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Supplying First Feeds
to the Young Goslings

Goslings should not be fed until they
are more than SO hours old when they
should be given stale bread soaked in
milk or water, to which finely chopped
boiled eggs may be added. This should
be fed three or four times daily for
the first two or three weeks, with
chopped grass or some other green
feed added. Plenty Of fresh, clean wa
ter should be supplied, and per cent
fine grit or sharp sand may be added
to the feed or kept in hopper before
the gOslings. After two or three weeks
they will need a light feed daily Of
mash made up of two parts shorts and
one part of cornmeal. When the grass
range is good other feed need not be
given until fattening time. While the
goslings are young great care should
be practiced to prevent thera from get
ting wet They should be left In the
coop until after the dew dries in the
morning and should not be- allowed to
get caught in rain. 1t Is better to
keep them separated from the old stock
after they are about two weeks old.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
HOLD COWS OFF AND
GIVE PASTURES START

Wisconsin stocllmen are making
haste slowly. They are giving their
pastures a running start before turn
ing their herds upon them.
When the hillsides get green and the
cows become uneasy with the feeling
of spring, don't follow your first
tfl0ught-think again and keep the
cows off the pasture until the grass
gets harder says g. G. Humphrey in
charge of dairy cattle at the Wiscon
sin College of Agriculture. 1t will be
better both for the cows and the pas
ture The cows at the college are
usually kept off pasture until about
the middle of May.
Cows which freshen now should be
fed a good grain mixture to hold up
their milk flow until the grass season,
Humphrey advises. He also urges that
the farmers Gull their herds, eliminat-
ing those animals which are unprotit-
able. Any effort to overcome an ap-
parent overproduction of milk should
be along the lines of culling out I'M
profitable types rather than through
limiting the production for the entire
herd through cutting down the feed
allowance.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
FARM EAcT.SI1e,

Brood sows need exercise and should
not be too fat.
In ordering garden seeds be sure to
select standard varieties.
See that all young growing animals
have room to take plenty of exercise.
When farms are selling cheaply is
a good time for the young man to buy.
Careful cutting of the wood supply
should help to improve the farm wood
lot.
Buying imported clover seed is like
ly to be an Improbable FORM of gam
bling.
The farmer with several sources Of
income Is the one who is reaping the
largest profits.
Older settled states have turned
with success from crops as a chief
income to cows, pigs and hens.
The most satisfactory way of propa-
eating rhubarb Is by dividing the
crown of an old plant and planting
each piece for a new plant
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Treatment Outlined to
Cure Egg-Eating Habit

Hens sometimes acquire vice OF
eating their eggs, learning to do this
from eating an accidentally broken
egg. If one hen learns how to eat
eggs the whole flock soon learns from
her. Egg shells should never be fed
to hens unless they arc very finely
broken or are mixed with soft food of
some kind.
To cure this costly habit cut Off the
points of the mandibles Of the beak,
using very sharp knife. Cut back
little at a time until enough Is cut off
to leave the tender flesh slightly ex-
posed AS soon as a tiny drop OF
blood exudes from the cut enough has
been removed. Then boil some eggs
very hard, selecting those with the
thickest shells, and put them on the
floor Of the poultry house, where the
hens can easily get them. They try
to break the shells by pecking at them
and this hurts the nerves in the short
ened beak so they will give it up after
a few trials, and thereafter not try to
break an egg. In a short time the
beak will grow into it's normal shape
and the hens will have forgotten the
vice.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Baby Chicks Make
Over Idaho Ranch
Entire Farming System Re-
built by Poultry.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
A new line of work on the farm
some times rebuilds the entire farm
ing system somewhat like the House
That Jack Built. This resulted from
trial which George Lucore, of Lin
coin county. Idaho, made of CONNER
cial poultry work some three years
ago, according to reports to the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Mr.. Lucore started poultry raising on
his farm with the purchase of 1000
baby chicks in the spring. Before win
ter he built a laying house for his pull
lets. This was new type of house in
his community, built from plan
which he and his county agent had
worked out together. His method Of
feeding and managing his laying hens,
obtained from the same source, was
also new in that locality, and the
neighbOrS were much interested in the
outcome. The flock paid all expenses
of the venture within II months, the
report states. He repeated his under
ldk1HS Tie HeAL year Will 1,oOO Uduy
chicks, putting up additional houses
and has continued the work since.
To aid in taking care of the prob
lem of supplying proper poultry feeds,
Mr.. Lucore has been adding to his
herd of cows, as he finds skim milk
his best source of protein. His cream
output has accordingly increased. Be-
cause he wants to be sure of as large
flow of milk as possible he has
turned his attention to growing dairy
feeds and ample pasture. So in equip
ping his poultry plant, Mr.. Lucore has
also developed a dairy industry and
carefully planned crop rotation sys-
TEN for his farm.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Some Reasons Why
Potatoes Run Out
Degeneration Largely Due
to Insect Diseases.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Seed-potato Improvement is largely
a matter of disease control says the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, according to the evidence at
hand. Recent experimental findings
with the group of so-called virus or
degeneration diseases Of potatoes, in
Guiding mosaic, leaf-roll, spindletuber,
streak, and curly dwarf, show that the
so-called running-out, deterioration,
senility, etc., of the potato is caused
very largely If not entirely by these
virus diseases. Reductions in yield
ranging from 10 to 20 per cent or prac-
tically total loss in severe cases may
result from these maladies.
The growers of seed potatoes should
potato maladies are carried by in
sects, that degeneration of potatoes is
largely due co these insect-borne dis
eases, that 1t is not wise to try to de-
velop and maintain healthy stock by
planting it adjacent to diseased lots
that tubers from diseased plants prop.
agate the disease, that bin selection
of tubers without field inspection will
not lead to the production of disease
free stock, and that certain practices
of isolation Of seed fields or plats
coupled with special field inspection
and the removal of diseased plants
have been helpful in reducing the per-
centage of disease.
These factors in the improvement Of
seed-potatoes are discussed in Farm
ers' Bulletin 1886, "Why Potatoes Run
Out" just issued by the United States
Department of Agriculture. A copy
may be secured free of charge while
the supply lasts by writing to the de-
partment at Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Farm HINT
I1Iruuanllnrl1 nQ,E:1

Select wilt-resistant cowpea and to-
mato seed now.
Someone has said that garden well
planned is half made.
Working horse Immediately after
eating often causes collie.
The closer the farmer is to his mar
ket both in actual distance and actual
contact, the better off he Is.
Old Sors rays are medicine and food
for the young chicks. Therefore let
them outdoors on the sunny days.
Jabbing the reins or continued tap
ping with the whip will soon teach
the young colt to be an old loafer.
Home gardening affords an ideal
means of getting and keeping ac-
quainted with the great out-of-doors.
An empty stanchion gives more
money and less work than comes from
feeding the poor cow that would stand
there.
Fertile, well-cultivated soil is best
adapted to rhubarb. A little manure
worked into the soil around the plants
once a year helps preserve the fer
tility.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07

features alfalfa is ideally adapted to
the sandy soils.
Mari Used Widely.
Since the first extensive excavation
two years ago 100000 tons of mari
have been applied to about 10000
acres of sour soil, according to sur
veys of the college. Mari, otter re-
ferred to as white gold, is rapidly
growing in favor as a source of lime
for Wisconsin farms. Mari is a form
Of calcium carbonate which has been
deposited from water. Pure mari is
just as valuable for farm use as the
best limestone on the market. 1t has
been used in small way in this coun-
try and in Europe for generations with
good results. When a farmer is To-
Gated long distance from a railroad
station and would, therefore, have to
haul lime long distance, the mari de-
posits which may be near him are all
the more valuable.
While some mari is found in slOughs
and valleys so well drained that it
can be loaded directly into wagons,
most of 1t is under water or covered
with soil or peat. Eycavating machin-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
RECLAIM MORE THAN
100000 TONS MARI
Soilsmen Find Beds in Thir-
ty-six Counties of the
Badger State.

Wisconsin's mari excavators have
been added to the rescue squad Of the
states legume growers.
All through Portage, Burnett, Wash
burn, Shawano, Green Lake, Waupaca,
Wood, Marquette and many other Wis
consin counties, mari has made pos
sible that type of agriculture which
Is conducive to prosperity. Mari is
the salvation of the whole sand coun-
try, according to L. F. GRADER, alfalfa
specialist at the Wisconsin College of
Agriculture. 1t has made possible
fields of alfalfa where weeds would
hardly grow before.
There is always shortage of hay in
those sandy sections of the state where
alfalfa is far more certain and far
more easily established than is either
mammoth or red clover. It is very
common to have alfalfa thrive on
light soils where clover fails. The al
falfa roots go down in the soil three
to four times as far as the clover
roots. Because of it's drought resistant
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Difficulty in Raising
Sweet Glover for Hay

The common difficulty in raising
sweet clover for hay is that the stems
become too coarse for live stock to eat
it. In the majority of fields where
the clover has been seeded from eight
10 ten pounds to the acre, this diff
Guilty is very common. This trouble
however, may be greatly overcome by
seeding more heavily to the acre. If
sixteen or twenty-four pounds is seed
ed to the acre, the stems will be much
finer and less fibrous OF course, this
means a greater cost per acre in seed,
but this will be somewhat offset by a
greater yield and more edible hay.
This method of heavy seeding is
also beneficial in the saw thistle in
tested areas The early cutting for
hay not only keeps the thistles from
setting seed, but the thick growth
tends to crowd out the thistles.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Drained Soil for Alfalfa

Alfalfa requires a welI-drained soil,
and no fields should be sown that are
not well drained to a depth of four
or five feet. If the soil is found to be
acid, It is necessary to put on lime or
mari. From two to four tons to the
acre is heavy enough application to
apply the lime or mari in the fall be-
fore seeding the alfalfa on the fall
glowing and work 1t in thoroughly
WITH disk or spriDg-tOoth harrow.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07

cry is available now which will sue
cessfully and economically remove
mari from lakes or rivers where so
much of it is found. Homemade
dredges are used by groups of farmers
with good results, but large eXcavators
pay best, when great deal of mari
is to be removed from one place. Mari
dredging in public waters is under
state control
Small galloway mari dredges, which
will pile the wet material out on the
bank where it can dry, are now on
the market. Such outfits cost from
$500 to 5000 and can be run by an
ordinary farm, tractor. Mari can be
obtained very cheaply with such out
fits.
Deposits Scattered Over State.
Most of the counties in southeastern
Wisconsin have developed some mari
deposits. A few are being worked
along the western part of the state.
Portage, Waupaca, and Waushara
counties got an early start in the use
of mari in their part of the state. New
deposits are being eagerly sought and
are being developed as soon as they
are found.
Up in Green Lake county group of
farmers have worked out homemade
tlredge which is supplying them with
white gold at low cost. They cut
hole In the Ice, drive some planks
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07

in the central part of the state. A
bucket runs on galloway from the
land down into the lake. The bucket
goes down by force of gravity and fills
with the soft mari. The cable is then
frightened and the bucket pulled out of
the lake by means of the tractor.
Zeasman says that the important
part of this arrangement is the fact
that the mari does not have to be
handled-it is dumped directly into the
sleigh-box. A group of farmers can
rig up such an outfit for $500 if a trac-
tor is available for power. Mari can
be removed at cost of 80 cents per
yard. Sometimes, if commercial con-
Germ is hired to remove the mari, the
lake is worked during the low waters
of the summer. The mari is then
dumped in piles at the edge of the
lake and allowed to drain. 1t dries
thoroughly and can be very easily
loaded the next winter.
Because of its high moisture content
the farmer cannot afford to haul mari
for any great distance. If the mari
deposits are a considerable distance
away and the farm is located only a
mile or two from the railroad station,
then the farmer can, as general rule,
purchase lime more cheaply, according
to Zeasman.
However, the majority of the farms
in the region in which mari is found
are not located close to railroad sta
ton; therefore it is the cheapest
source of lime for these farmers. Large
deposits are being found from time to
time. All of these will serve to make
the agriculture of Wisconsin more
and more a livestock agriculture Which
best retains the fertility of the state.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07

into the ice at an angle with the mp.
per end resting against the ice, ar
range movable platform across the
back and along the sides of the hole
and are ready to use their dredge.
The dredge is an old slusher with ex-
ira long handles hinged on, and at
tached to the crosSbar so the Ope-
rator can handle it from tie platform.
A team is hitched to the sIusher and
it is pulled back into the open water.
Guided by the long handles, 1t is
easily loaded and slides out onto the
planks without difficulty. Although
this can be used only in shallow wa
ter, 1t is the means of supplying lime
for many of Wisconsin's hungry acres.
Remove Mari in Many Ways.
Many mari beds have been discov-
cred in the last few years, which lie
under peat. In this case the person
wishing to remove the mari merely
digs pit in the peat until he gets
down to the mari. 1t can then be
shoveled out, loaded on the sled or
w dSO1 anu dllCCIly " Lie uC1Nis
If the digging is done during the win
ter months the ak and the pick-ax must
be used to get through the frost. These
mari deposits almost always lie below
the frost line. This is an easy and a
cheap way to get mari, o. r. Zeasrnan
of the agricultural engineering depart
ment points out.
The power outfit has been developed
to remove mari from the shallow lakes
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-05-07
Greatest Frost
Risk to Fruit
Most of Harm Usually Oc-
ours in Eary Stages of
Growth in Spring.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
In discussing the weather risk in
fruit growing in the United States
before the American Meteorological
society recently q member OF the
weather bureau of the United States
Department of Agriculture explained
that it is relatively greater than for
most other crops because Of low win
ter temperatures damaging twigs or
buds, or spring frosts killing advanced
buds or blooms. The type of winter
injury in the North differs from that
in the South.
Greatest Harm Early.
While winter injury is important In
deciduous fruit, the greatest harm
usually occurs in the early stages of
growth. to the blossoms or young fruit
just set At the same time it may
happen that there is a range of sew
eral degrees between the temperature
at which all the buds or blossoms on
a tree will be killed and that at which,
because of favorable location or diff
ferent stages of development, good
many will escape. Because of this or
chardists often overestimate the
amount of damage after a spring
frost at blooming time.
The low-temperature danger point
for fruit blossoms or for fruit just
set ranges from 81 to 20 degrees, with
very slight variations. 1t is somewhat
higher for apricots, plums and prunes.
Well-developed buds will withstand a
lower temperature than after they
have opened, due to the subcooling of
their capillary liquids. This type of
cooling without forming ice is due
largely to the presence of chemical
substances held in solution.
Cause of Frost Risk.
The principal cause, of the greater
frost risk to fruit than to other agri-
cultural products is mans inability to
control the vegetative periods in the
spring. Planting can be delayed for
most other crops until frost risk Is
very slight or entirely eliminated.
There is very little margin, in the
case of fruit, between the date of the
last killing frost In spring and the
blooming dates. In Ohio during 40 per
cent of the years in long period
studied freezing weather occurred
after the fruit trees were In full
bloom. AS it is impossible to hold
back the development Of the blossoms
in any way, there is apparently no
remedy for this difficulty. There may
be heavier winter injury In the cen
trail northern states than elsewhere,
but earliness and lateness of bloom
ing in relation to the time of last kill
ing spring frost is substantially the
same in all sections and at different
elevations. Local variations in topog-
raphy, however, may give one orchard
distinct advantage over another.
Where alternating slopes and depres-
sions occur the lower ground SHOULD
not be used for orchards, as it will
usually have the lower temperatures.
Unfortunately many orchards in this
country have been planted without re-
gard to local topography, and to this
is partly due the heavy frost edamage
from time to time.