davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30
Socialists Assail
Communists for
War on Strikebreakers
tspeeIaI to rhe oalIx .worksr,


STOCKHOLM Oct. 2S.--When the
Communists of Sweden called upon
the workers to form a strong labor
against the Society of Communal
Service, organized by the middle
classes of Sweden to carry on strike
breaking activity the social-democrats
and their press viciously assailed the
Communists. $3.50
The Society of Communal Service
consisting of 10000 business men. pro.
fessionals and students, and other or
CARNATIONS of similar nature hava
been formed in Sweden to assist the
government in breaking strikes
The Communists pointed out the dan.
ger OF these strikebreaking organiz.
atoms and called upon all workers
70 form strong labor guards TO pro
tect strikers against attacks of thes.
strikebreaking agencies.
The social-democrats and the 70
dictionary labor leaders Of Sweden d.
stead of joining the Communists n
tneir demand for a defensive worL.
ers' organization, viciously assailad
them, su
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30

by this undertaking create an extra
surplus profit proportionate to the
monopoly of productivity created by
the equality of their work. The CAPT.
talist realizes this extra profit by not
selling the goods at their individual
value, the value corresponding to the
amount of labor required for their
production, but at the socially" de-
termined value. He can, however,
sell his goods under their general
value, for even then the real s'individ-
ual' value is realized. In this case
the price demanded IS under the So
cially determined value, and the CON
sumner receives a present, SO to speak
Cas for instance under Henry Ford's
successful business methodist But
this extra profit Of productivity" in
contrat to the actual "usurer's proft,
of the organized market monopoly is
being based solely on. the increased
exploitation of the worker, and is gen
orally very short lived, since competi-
tors speedily catch it up.
- We do not deal here with the
modification of value, with relation to
the price of production, caused under
capitalism by the equalization of rates
of profit. The object of the present
article is to first give. popular out
line.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30

fully replaced and restored. 90 cgD b.
We see that wages have nothing to
do with the yield of labor" 1t has
only been necessary to grant the pro.
letarian sufficient wages to enable
him to purchase the amount of food
required for the maintenance of his
standard of life at the customary So
cial, historical and geographical level
AS soon as this is not the case, as
soon as his real wages depressed in
the actual commodities purchasable
with the wages) sink, then the pay
ment has become an underpayment.
The worker is cheated of his wages.
Wherever there is impoverishment,
there the capitalist gains his profit by
cheating. There is no doubt that this
particular source of profit has again
increased to frightful extent of late.
During the period of the decline of
capitalism we may observe the stage
of absolute impoverishment" as clear
ly as we observed during the honey
moon days of capitalism, when it was
first putting its household in order.
We must remember the words of the
Communist Manifesto (1S4S):
"The 1aborer becomes the pauper,
and pauperism increases even more
rapidly than population and wealth"
THE profit thus swindled out of the
l workers could be pressed out of
the capitalists again to a certain ex-
tent by means of a comprehensive,
energetic and purposeful trade union
struggle. If only the workers were
fighters-and not social democrats!
On the other hand, the gradual lower
ing of the proletarian standard of life
is an essential part of capitalist de-
velopment, and is only retarded tenn,
porarily, and for certain categories of
the proletariat, during periods of
rapid and greatly increased economic
prosperity. Taken all in all, profit
gained by cheating is also inevitable
as part of the development of capital
ism.
Let us observe the process, by
which the profit, peculiarly character
istic of capitalism, the Surplus value"
is produced. In doing so we set aside
for the moment every other source of
profit. The capitalist may have paid
for the labor power at its full value"
The capitalist may not have earned
any special profit on the sale of COM
modities. He may buy and sell every
thing at its real value, without trick
cry or cheating. A capitalist with a
stainless white waistcoat! Can he
possibly earn any profit? OF course
he can. But this profit is so deeply
embedded in the nature of the capital
list method of production that the
naive spectator does not observe it at
all; it is a profit forming the normal
life of capitalism, it is the backbone
of all capitalist profit. 1t might be
designated as the normal profit" of
the capitalist to distinguish it from
the strongly contrasting CHEATED profit
or from the monstrous "~sury profit"
with which we shall deal later This
is the profit which Marx called the
surplus value, and to the elucidation of
which he devoted the greater part of
his economic researches.
In this place we can only deal as
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30

briefly as possible with the production
of surplus values. The actual ex-
change value of any commodity is i'm
parted to it by the amount OF socially
necessary labor" incorporated in it,
that is, the amount of work necessary
for the production of the commodity
| (from the beginning to the end of the
process), given the socially normal
conditions of production, and the So
cially average degree Of skill and in
tensity in working. The amount of
labor stored in the commodity can
only be estimated by the time consum-
ed, by the duration of the expendi-
ture or activity of the whole Of the
necessary working powers. 1t is thus
labor alone which creates value, and
labor--as labor power-is in, itself a
certain unit of value, determined by
he socially necessary, amount of la
Dor required to produce the food need
ed to replace the amount Of labor pow
or expended
=" A 7 a certain stage Of human pro-
"A ductivity however, the value of
the product of a days labor is greater
than the cost of days labor power. :"
The worker creates a greater value
than he requires for his subsistence
Dust as the OK can pull cart CON
tanning more hay than it needs as fod-
der!) And this difference, which I'M
der capitalism naturally falls to the
commodity buyer of the fortunate rep
resented by labor power, to the CAPT
talist, is the surplus value, the nor
NAL profit" gained in any case, even
when no extra profit is won by cheat
ing. Gin this world the four legged
oxen can however much more certain
ly expect to receive their necessary
ration of fodder!)
After the process of production is
completed, the capitalist has received
with the value of the commodities pro-
duced at the same time surplus value,
for the value of the-commodities, less
the wages paid and the value of the
means commodities production con:
sumed, is equivalent to the surplus
value. But the capitalist has first to
realize this surplus value, to convert it
into money, and this is only accom-
plished by the sale of the commodi-
ties &C minus NJ plus Sd
1t is however also possible that the
capitalist sells the commodities at
price exceeding their actuas value.%
In this case the capitalist earns
usurer's aprofit at the expense of the
buyer lconsumer). With this we come
to the Hhird Source of profit: the u.s.
urer's profit. In order to render this
accessible, the capitalist has however
first to attain prerequisite WHICH is
in itselfathe product or a Tong capital
list development; he must be able to
keepudawn competition, For free
competition" has naturally the ten
dencypto deprive the individual SELL
ers of their extra (usurer's) profit
agaihs is, so long as competition
is free, the prices tend to approach
the lHctSfal values. ~
-St--yyf
ysThe1 reverse is equally possible.
andiean be a source of profit. Should
for instance the degree of productiv-
ity in some enterprise exceed the So
clal average, the workers emnloved
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30
rhe A. B. c. Of capItaIIst ProfIt.

ne ~ D. " OF OdPiLatlSI TToHh'
THE essential character Of capital
l. list exploitation, or in other words
the nature of capitalist profit, must
be explained clearly, and in a man
ner easily comprehensive, in the the
oretical material at the disposal of
Communist agitation and propaganda.
Until we have such an explanation
constantly at hand, and until we have
learnt to make it known everywhere,
the last hour of reformism will not
have struck in the labor movement.
Sometimes it seems as if this aspect
of Marxist enlightenment has been
placed too much in the background
since the labor movement has become
older. Are not these things long fam
iliar? We forget that young prole-
tarians are joining the movement
every day, and that these have still
to learn this A. B. c. Of economic
Marxism. It's theoretical substantion
never becomes superfluous, tho the
history and literature of the labor
movement have already thrown every
possible light on, the problem.
If we further remember that new
economic phenomena are replacing
those of the older theoretical concep-
ton, rendering a certain adoption Of
our former agitative formulas neces-
sary, it becomes the more comprehen-
sible that an increasing aversion is
felt against theoretical generaliza-
tions Such congratulations are one
of the causes of the regrettable ten
acity with which reformism is rooted
in the proletariat. And reformism IS
our most dangerous and obstinate op-
ponent. Capitalism would have been
overthrow long since if reformism
had not taken it under its protective
wings Of economic illusions, and thus
prevented great masses of the prole-
tariat from joining the revolutionary
class war. Reformism does not re-
cognize capitalism itself as the enc
my, but merely protests against GER
tain of the regrettable shady sides
and excrescences of capitalism. Re-
formism is willing enough to have
these removed with the aid of heav-
en- Higher wages, shorter working
nOurs-these are demands which may
be put forward within the confines of
the capitalist system, without attack
( ing the system itself Appeals are
made to the "short-sighted" or to the
Socially far-seeing" employer, and
the latter is shown that even higher
profits will be the reward of his re-
formist obligingness. Wages and
profit are not regarded as the ex-
IRENE poles of antagonism, but are
made to appear as if derived from
entirely different sources. But if no
antagOnism exists here, then no class
antagonism exists at all! Thus we
arrive at the theoretical substantial
ton Of civil peace and joint action be-
tween capital and labor.
1t is an urgent necessity to oppose
econoniic shallowness of this kind by
perfectly clear conception of the
nature 6ef capital income and labor
incomey
Following Marx with the utmost
closeness, we shall endeavor to draw
sftindapental outline of the source
of profit.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30
BY PAvEL DoRoKHov.
fragment from the Soviet Russia
Novel "koIchakovstchina.")

You were with her. tell me.p
He talked long. time. When he
arose, she took his head into her
trembling hands, bent it down and
kissed him on the forehead.
You will come again? You are
near and dear to me, for you were
Vera's comrade."
Il will come, of course, will come. /"
When ne came out into the street.
he raised his hands to his head and
merely said, "Alas!"
He ground his teeth, raised his enor.
nous fists threateningly against the
sleeping town and vanished in the
dark lane.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30
ROumanian Royalty and ROumanian Peasants

Queen writes papers She
given special department in which she advises her suffering sisters
the best way in which maintain their puchrudnous charm
In recent issue she says
When very thought Of
and oonentmen into mind relax body fOres all
unnecessary aclvlty-and sl
We much anyhow This been said SO often IT is
bread and fruit-pIus relaxation
this inspiring
queeny advice is furnished there which reads
KsHINEFF military oourtrnsrtia -
in
Tatar 5unar in September 1924 promises last until
the The trial urm the the old ureted
overlooking is
listen husbands being
peasants young belonging
Russian Albanian nationaliss
These have been Jail for than year, suffering
all the which the clevery boodhound
lords government of Roumania could devise
Their crime?
Trying get landlords by the
Roumanan monarchy deprived Identifying up
big estates that each and his family might have enough
make living
"Many peasant o their
examined"
These peasant
support their husbands than year They
outside the prison walls until driven by the blows of the mill
ay the their
Their hu have been burned by the sodiey whole villages
driven Wilderness They many
more have died of starvation.
But says the Roumanian Queen Marie any
how Try recipe oceasOnalsoup fruit plus
Another Queen Marie with the additional of AnOnette
advised the French peasants they had bread
king of Francethe country whose ruling
Queen bloody basket
under the Paris gulone The workers peasants
dead mouth of the king with grass memory
to them saAawfs
In Roumania all thru the Balkans history setting
successful the
Only with the aid Of the mperiaist powers have these
been crushed The great have the aid Of monarchy
in Roumana just earlier period they
the French rulers ef.fA
queen writes for the foolish of the middle
adds thereby the subsidy paid her royal encourage the
enemies OF the workers and peasants
They the mperialists monarchs force
that inspires and aids the bleeding peasantythe force which
Lenin spoke
The
who socialism into the countryside rally their the
elements organize and enIshten them SUPPRESS
THE RESISTANCE OF THE BoUReEoIslE
The tide of working class revolt rises all thru Europe
again The murder bands of the ruling class
the will to freedom among the ROumanian peasantry.
Queen Marie will do well Dnard and Deauvle
the outraged peasant women give
apply her the queen advice about OvereangwhOut the
bread, fruit, and relaxation.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30
= RIacksuards ceIebra,.

{ ROME, Oct. 2S.-Italy is-today cele.
orating the third anniversary Of the
fascist entrance into power. Military
parades are being held in all towns
'enruout the kingdom. Mussolini RI.
viewed 10000 marchers in Milan
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30

20 Take this copy of the DAILY
wohhER with you to the shop
tomorrow. Etr -
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-30

ssThe1 reverse is equally possible,
andfeans be a source of profit. Should
for instance the degree of productiv-
lty in some enterprise exceed the So
clal RaNerage.s the workers employed
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
Final Stand of
Lost AviatOrs Is
Told on Fabric
by United Press Leascd Wire

BERKELEY, Cal, Nov. 5.-The
last known record of the final stand
against death made by Licutenants
Fred Watcrhousc and Cecil II. Con.
molly, L. :. army aviators, in Low
er California i'll September, 1919,
has mystcri0usly turned up here.
\ bit of fuselage fabric was left
by an unidentified messenger at the
home of Mrs. G. A. Tusch, whose
home was noted as gathering place
of flyers.
The bodies of the aviators were
found several days after they had
waited 10 days for rescue.
The memorandum left here saws
lit rain storm, got lost, hit coast,
turned right. Didn t see sign of
civilization. Saw boat, circled it
and landed. Guess they didn't
see us. We have no food, drinking
water from radiator. Tried to catch
fish, but after two days gave it
up. We have been here five days
and are plenty weak. Walked for
day and half up the coast, ran
ont of water and turned back
Only check marks told the story
of the remaining days until they
dug graves for each other and died.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
HISTORIC SPOTS
IN NORTHWEST TO
BE DESIGNATED

PORTLAND, Ore, Nov. 5.--Many
historic spots in Oregon and Wash
ington may be marked in the near
future by suitable monumnets.
Elcctus ID. Litchfield, New York
artist and architect, and Ralph
Budd, president of the Great North
ern railway, have discussed the plan
with some seriousness.
Budd told newspapermen here
about the work that Lltchfield has
done in placing markers at points
ON the upper Missouri river, and
spoke Of the need, both from, senti-
mental and practical viewpoints, of
DONG similar work in the Pacific
northwest.
Several spots were mentioned as
Delng worthy of marking. Among
these was Astoria. The Astor family
might be willing to aid in this in
stance, 1t was pointed out.
Budd praised Litchfield s expert
ence IN producing markers. Among
other things, the New Yorker de-
signed the national armory at
Washington, ID. c.; the Denver post
office and court house; the Mason
lc temple at Brooklyn, and the
James j. Hill library at St. Paul.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
Chinese Civil
War Saves Many
From Execution

SHANGHAI, Nov. 5.-More than
100 men and women, condemned by
the international mixed court to die
on charges of murder, robbery, kid
mapping and other capital otGenSes,
are Ill gail here now awaiting exc
cution of the court s sentence.
Many of them have been held
for almost Il year. The delay III
carrying out the sentences impos-
ed by the court is due to the dis
turbed conditions which have pre-
vailed in Chinese territory adjacent
to the international settlement.
Under the regulations or the mix
ed court the court can merely re-
commend the death sentence, but
cannot carry it out. The convicted
men and women must be handed
over to the Chinese military author
tues tor retrlal. and execution.
But since the first OF the inter
provincial wars in the vicinity of
'onanghaI last year, there has been
no legal Chinese military authority
III the Shanghai area, and conse-
quently there Is no legal nstLv,. =
carrying out the death sentence.
Attempts to remedy the defici-
ency are now beng made by the
Chinese authorities. Several mill
tary courts have been set up, but
eacn has been of an outlaw nature
and so rar recognition has been de-
med all of them by the Chinese
and foreign authorities.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
e Varieties OF
Rattle Snakes
I In Oregon, Claim

1FORTLAND, Ore, Nov. Ore
hi has only ono poisonous snake
I'd rattIer-but there are % differ
, varieties of them III the state.
Il his was revealed by Tex T. Schu-
NH, snake farmer of Berkeley
-. Many of the rattlcrs are the
,Raster soggcrs, 4 particularly
hdly variety.
iachubach said he recently made
bnc day trip between Ashland and
amath Falls. in which Me Killed "a
Ntle snakes. Forty Of them were
paster soggers
Bitten eight times by rattlcrs.
hubach 5 treatment follows:
rtic cord or rubber tightly above
II bite. When the blood is shut
II cut gash about an inch long
elh a sharp knife or razor blade.
trk the wound if your mouth is
e from abrasions, dccayed teeth
4, sores. Wash the wound with
n rmanganatc of potash, diluted un-
n it Is of wine color. When this
,idonc remove the cord and take
aaXativc, along with LOO grain of
ychninc. Keep wet antiscptic
Sssings on the wound.
The old belief that whiskcy is
nd for rattlesnakc bites is wrong
olubach said. lie pointed out
Pt whlskey would tend to increase
blood circulation and spread the
son more rapidly.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
,rmless Girl Is
Clever Student
, At University

BERkELEY, Calf, Nov. O.
bong the more remarkable stu.
hts at the University of Califor.
1 this year is Miss Martha Hale,
70 has no arms.
Iiss Hale lives in San Francisco
commutcs daily by ferry across
bay. She carries her books bal
fed on her shoulder, and never
sc been known to drop them, even
fm sprinting to get through the
les to catch her boat.
Vhc armless girl sits at n lecture
th pen between tho first and
fond toes of her right foot, and
iuscribcs notes as rapidly as a
NAL person. She wears shoes she
4 removed easily and her stock.
Es end just under the heel, so she
move the toes easily.
Miss Hale combs her hair, oper-
Is Typewriter, feeds herself and
n drives an automobile.
It's brains that count - she
is, mot arms"
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
FARMERS HARNESS"
GAS TO FURNISH
THEM WITH WATER

llANFORD, Cal, Nov. 5.-Farm-
ers of the old Tularc lake bcd-oncc
The largest body of fresh water in
the state but now fertile farming
land-have struck upon Il novel and
highly utilitarian idea of power for
their pumping plants.
Deep wells in the vicinity fur
nish not only water, but consid
crablc quantity of natural gas as
wei. The gas is "harnesscd -
and made to do duty in special en-.
gincs which turn rotary pumps and
BRING water to the surface.
Several thousand acres of cotton
VIII be cultivated in the old lake
ped next year, experiment on scv
cral hundred acres this year in the
vicinity of stratford having proved
highly profitable.
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
JAPANESE ASKS
lCHIEF FOR VIEW
J ON FIRE PISTOL

- lEl Centre residents need not be
d irpfised II they see Charlie Fer
L iison, chef or the fire depart
-tnt, strutting around with his
Hest out and his head stuck high
" / the AR, Tor he has been I'M
rnsely liattered through the re-
ppt OF letter from Tokyo, Japan,
King for HIS expert OPINION on the
e OF ire extinguishers.
Fhe writer OF lne letter is M.
~ lmada, whose address is care of
cd amanaka, Miyazu Mach, Ky
w to-t'u, Japan.
IA uHamada writes that he is intend
or X to introduce into the United
killates, new type OF fire gun Tex
3gulsher) when has just passed
Cote most rigid tests of the japanese
aalny and navy departments. The
'rtmn comes in three sizes, is pistol
L ,aped and has barrel eight inches
If IS, ana two inches III diameter. It
,gh pots a chemical powder instead of
Is illquid, aud, according to Iamada,
md eAtlnguishes IRE Immediately.
facsl he gas produced by the cxtin-
daiISher Is nelthcr poisonous nor dan.
= frous, Hamada states and has a
ystInge OF no tcct although it func-
strtns best at a distance or ~ feet.
tusA German gun shoots chemical
iclIwder, but it produces poison
IS Is gas which makes it undesIrab bic
y + use, Hamada advises.
fie' Please kindly give me your val.
e u information and opinion on fire
trcpinguishers in use in L. S. A. to.
! Sy, Hamada writes, knowing
a ht you are an authority on this
BbJect l appreciate your valued
/ thnlon very highiy.'
Hspt is tins last sentence that will
; iuse the chief to stick out his
hclcst.
i hncidcntly the letter is a fine
4. ftimonial of the reputation of the
fllc Centre fire department and its
Flfef. When a little town like FL
plintro is asked for information
ia pm place as distant as Japan, it
yet of shows up Los Angeles, New
T. 'rk and other chick places, and
Pni the language Of the sport world,
so" going some
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
LOS ANGELES MAN
FIRST WINNER OF
WRIGLEY M ED AL

AVALON, Catalina Island, Cal,
Nov. st Kay Mitehusson, Los
Angeles, is the first winner of the
Wriglcy gold medal for heroism.
Mitchusson won the award for
saving three lives, all within the
space of an hour. Mitchusson res
cucd three drowning persons from
the surf in Avalon Bay.
The decoration was established
by William Wriglcy, Jr., owner of
the island. Others who perform in
similar heroic fashion at Catalina
will be rewarded with the gold
badge. ............
Imperial Valley press., 1925-11-05
POkANE TO BUILD
HUGE W1GWAM FOR
INDIAN COUNCILS

fPOKANE, Wash, Nov. 3. --
pkanc will build II huge wigwam,
Ting many thousands Of dollars
Iich will be the headquarters for
liual tribal councils Of Indians
,ich are expected to be held here.
Nhc wigwam will he of log con
hction, and will have large
lncil hall and banquet room.
thousands Of Indian relics and
phics will be kept in Il museum
Iich will be part of the structure