davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

| ings on Communist work in the trade
unions lies precisely in the necessity
of preserving unity, fighting all seces.
sionism and dual unionism, and work
ing within the trade unions to win
the majority for the revolutionary
struggle. Unity Of the trade unions
is Bolshevik method of winning the
masses.
THE passionate earnestness with
which Lenin combatted all split
ting of the trade unions in his pamph
let Left Wing Communism-An In
fantile Sickness" shows the import,
ance given to trade union unity by
Lenin. Further, his statement that
those Communists who leave the trade
unions give aid to the ref6rmist bu,
reaucrats by so doing, adds additional
emphasis to Lenin's view on the ne
cessity of trade union unity. Lozov.
sky, in his pamphlet, 1.-THE Role of the
Trade Unions in the Russian Revolu-
tion," states that the revolution is
impossible outside of or against the
will of the trade unions.
ONCE it's organization the r. l. l..
~ U. has raised the question of
trade union unity on an international
scale and in various countries has
fought the Amsterdamers and their
disruption of the trade union move.
ment. An example of this occurred
in 1921 when the r. /. L. U. offered
as the price of unity Of the French
trade union movement the liquidation
of the revolutionary fractions in the
trade unions. This the Amsterdam
ers rejected, with the result that the
trade unions of France were split in
two. 1t is clear, therefore, that to the
Communists trade union unity is not
only necessary to preserve the stand
ard of living and conditions Of work
of the working class, but is also a
prerequisite for the winning of the
masses for the world revolution.
Conditions for Unity.
DUT, it will be objected, must not
hm~ INC lmpOSO COAQl-
tions upon Amsterdam in order to pre-
vent Amsterdam swallowing the Com
munist trade unions in the event of
Amsterdam having majority If unity
is effected? 1t will be said that the
R. I. L. U. should insist that the
unified trade union international must
fight against the Dawes plan, against
the capitalist offensive and against
imperialist war.
TO put up these conditions is tanta-
/ mount to rendering unity impos-
sible, because the Amsterdamers will
utterly refuse to break their alliance
with capitalism. Therefore the r. l.
L. U. makes only one demand: The
converting of a congress representa-
tive of all trade union workers,
whether belonging to Amsterdam, the
r. ]. L. u, or to neither, in order to
found a united trade union interna
tional. The r. I. L. U. wants unity of
the working class irrespective of
whether Amsterdam has the majority
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

geoisie still was armed-and easily
could arm others.
Then there was a second little"
point They forgot that Paris was
only the capital of France-but was
not The whole of France. The mil
lions of French peasantry was not yet
touched by the revolution and it would
be a simple thing for the peasants
to starve out the revolution. They
forget that the peasantry would be
fertile field for recruiting the counter
revolutionary army Of the bourgeoisie.
Failure to consider. these two ''lit-
tie" points aided greatly in breaking
the Paris Commune. 1t was the very
consideration of these two "little,"
but most vital points that made the
Russian revolution a success. "Dis
armament of the bourgeoisie," which
means an aggressive policy thru the
agency of a Red army, and coalition
of the workers and peasants in the
establishment of Soviets-these are
vital factors in the proletarian reyolu
ton.
Do you want to see the Paris Com
mune enacted-with masses partici
pating? DO you want to see how the
workers Of Paris greeted the Com
mune, how the revolutionary council
vacillated, and how finally the Com
mune was broken and the leaders and
masses Of workers were shot by the
ounter-revolutionar bourgeoisie?
Then March Is is the day, and Mad
ison Square Garden is the place. BE
there at 2 O'clock with the 1899
other workers OF New York City, who
will crowd the Garden to witness the
wonderful spectacle, the pageant "The
Paris Commune" which has been ar
ranged for the Communist press and
will be directed by DR.. Arkatev with
the assistance of Sadie Amter. One
thousand comradea will participate II
the pageant. Theh the evening will
be spent in dancing DO you want to
meet the comradsss there? Then get
your ticket early6
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

on their side. The fathers of the
rich children pay higher taxes for
their children's education. Attic
our fathers and mothers work
hard with sweat on their brow to
give us a good education, the
money they earn is not enough.
Let us all join the Junior
League so we will sometimes be
ruling this country, or at least
giving a start to the mothers and
fathers and children after us.
Written by Lillian Kainola, IL
years old, member Of the Finnish
Hall Branch of the Junior Group,
Minneapolis, MINI.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
Will Tell Of Travel
in Darkest Regions
of Iowa Wilderness

OMAHA, Neb... March al. e. Sny-
der and David Coutts, fresh from their
organization and propaganda cam
paign thru Iowa, will lecture at the
local headquarters of the Workers
Party, 2O6 Crounse Block, Wednesday
evening at p. m. No admission will
be charged.
Comrades Coutts and Snyder will
tell of their. experiences among the
Species Americans" as found along
the main streets of Iowa. They will
tell first hand of their theological
struggles with s. P.'s, S. L. p, X. X.
K, bible students, one hundred per.
centers. LaFolletteites, Composites,
and all other "ites' and lists" abound.
ing out among these wiIds which have
been penetrated and charted for the
first time by bona fde representatives
Of a Communist Party.
While tired radicals" and indi.
vidualists stew in their own Juice the
Communists are going right ahead and
laying the foundations for a militant
mass party OF the American working
class. The tour of Comrades Coutts
and Snyder in Iowa is just the begin
ming of our activities among the work
ers in that state, which gave over
1000 votes for the Workers Party
presidential candidates without a cam
naiQn t.r
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
Harlem Forum Has Fine Program

HARLEM, N. "a new splendid
program has been drawn up for the
Open Forum of the Harlem section
Workers Party, Local New York start.
ing with Sunday evening, March 0 and
continuing every Sunday evening to
May 3. For next Sunday evening
Israel Amter will lead the discussion
on the subject: us Revolution Pos
sible in the. United States?" Both
the topic and the speaker are expect.
ed to draw big crowd.
The rest OF the program for the
season is as follows: March 20, Work.
ing Glass Education, led by Oliver
Carlson; March 20, Can there be Pros.
perity for the American Workers., led
by Harry M. Wicks; April s, Religion
as an Instrument of Capitalism, led
by II. Bourgin; April ~, The Family
Past, Present and Future, led by Rose
Pastor Stokes; April 10, The Capital.
list, Labor, and Communist Press, Lud.
wig Lore; May 2, Cultural and Liter.
airy Evening, and q talk on Prolet-
cult by ELI Jacobson. There will be
no forum on Sunday March 10 on &c.
count Of the big Paris Commune &c.
LIBERATION at the Madison Square Gun.
den,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
What Governments Are For

The railway unions Of this country may eventual
~, if not now, learn what governments are for The
present instance of the decision today rendered by
the supreme court of the capitalist dictatorship,
ought to aid materially in the education of the
rank and file.
It is an axiom among revolutionary workers.
that the government is the executive committee of
the ruling class but this seems to have been en-
tirely overlooked by the bureaucrats of the Amer.
lean Federation of Labor who, Of course. do not
share the Communist viewpoint on anything.
The union officials their hearts bursting with trust
in the democracy" of American capitalist govern
ments even took out an injunction against the
Pennsylvania railroad sforbidding" it from form
ing company UNIONS
The Penneylyania railroad, naturally wishing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
Why We Should Join
the Junior Groups

MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi, March
2.-0ne Sunday during our Young
Workers meeting, we were debat-
ing about America being a free
country. We did not agree with
what is being taught in school to
us, because the workers are slaves
to the rich. They work hard, but
receive small wages. The poor
children are not teachers pets
Because they are poor, and wear
poor clothes. The rich children
have better clothes 70 teachers are
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
Hunt in Ruins of Beef
Cutting Plant for
Clue to Big Fire

The ruins of the three-story beef
cutting plant of Armour and company
in the Union stock yards here we're
being searched yesterday for clue
to the cause of the 100000 fire which
threatened the entire stock yards. The
blaze ragged for more than three hours
and all available apparatus in the dis
trict was called in an effort to check
1t. Three firemen were hurt and d
score of others narrowly escaped in
jury when a wall crashed down vir-
tually on the same spot where 20 men
were killed in the stock yards fire of
Dec. 30, 1910. a
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
BY ROM BELL.
II. 5OIsheyIk View Of Trade Union
Unity-conditlons for Unity
Amsterdam's I''Fundamental
BY row BELL.
Objections to Unity.


Objections to Unity.
is unity Of the trade union move
| ment possible? The two trade UNI
ion internationals, the Red Interna-
tional Of Labor Unions and the Am
sterdam International Federation of
Trade Unions are separated by deep
gulf of principle and practice, On the
one hand, the Amsterdamers have
proven themselves ITO be agents OF
capitalism working within the labor
movement, defenders of capitalism
who stand for unity with the capital
list class. On the other hand the r..
I. L. U. stands for uncompromising
warfare against capitalism. Amster-
dam has unity with the capitalists to
preserve capitalism by sabotaging
every struggle of the working class
against capitalism, while the r. l. L.
U. works to destroy capitalism.
IN face of these fundamental differ
| ences, why is it that the R. l. L. U.
issues the slogan of trade union unity I?
The objective of the Communists is
to win the masses from the reform
| lists for revolutionary struggle against
capitalism and the unity Of the trade
unions will create a broader field in
which the Communists will work for
winning the masses to the revolution
airy banner. The menace of the
Dawes plan, fascism, imperialist war
and the capitalist offensive on the
workers standard of living can only
be combatted by united front Of al
workers. For these reasons the r. /.
L. U. has issued the slogan and taken
practical steps towards effecting
world trade union unity.
5olshevism Against Splits in Trade
Unions.
THE struggle for unity in the trade
Iunion movement flows logically from
the Bolshevik attitude towards the
trade unions during the entire history
of the Bolshevik Party. The Bolshe-
viks fought to preserve trade union
unity not only when they were in
the majority but also. when they
were in the minority in the trade un-
ions. Prior to the November revolu-
ton, when the mensheviks were in
the majority in the trade unions, the
Bolsheviks combatted all splitting
tendencies, considering it one OF
their major tasks. II the proletarian
revolution was to be successful, to
win the majority Of the organized
workers to the support of their pol
icy When the BoIsheviks won a ma
jority in the trade unions, they like
wise fought againsteall splits.
INTERNATIONALLY the Commun
list Internationallhas fought consis.
tently against thoses misguided Com
munists who have from time to. time
raised the slogan OF "Split the trade
unions" The kernepcof Lenin's teach
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
BEAUTY lNVADES STEEL
TOWN TONIGHT! GARY
TO SEE RUSSIAN film

GARY, Ind, March 2.-The work.,
ers of the steel mills Of Gary, Ind,
will have a chance to see the first
great Russian feature film made in
cooperation with the Red army,
when 1.-THE Beauty and the BoIshe-
Vik" picture is shown at the Eagle
Theater, this Tuesday, March 8.
In order that workers on both
night and day shifts can see the
film II will run continuously from
noon until midnight.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
Exit Ebert

The passing of the traitor Ebert, first president
of the imperial German republic, has Embossed a
flood of euogies from the capitalist and yellow
socialist press all over the world. This is as it
should be-
Ebert, the ex-saddlemaker, and prominent leader
of the German social-democracy was as valuable
servant of capitalist Imperialism as ever betrayed
cause. So rotten this politically purified
renegade that the local union to which he belonged
expelled him for his crimes against the working
class.
When the great revoutionist Lenin died the
heads of the capitalist states did not indulge in
the customary diplomatic condolences Even Ram
say Macdonald, socialist head of the British gov.
eminent failed TO officially notice the passing of
the greatest master of revolution in the history of
the working class movement. Lenin was the i'm.
placable enemy of the capitalist system. Ebert
was It's loyal, If somewhat stupid supporter
Bourgeois etiquette makes u virtue of speaking
well OF the dead This did not apply to Lenin's
case Neither will it apply to Ebert's death SO far
as the Communists are concerned. In life we
branded him ms traitor and in death we simply
say "One more Judas out of the way"
.-r----------
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

and viii lead the new trade union in
ternational or not, knowing that unity
of the working class will lay at the
basis for a struggle against capitalism
and create a broader field in which to
carry on the theological struggle to
win the workers for Communism.
Amsterdams' Objections.
ian the contrary, the Amsterdam
~ ers impose conditions because
they are opposed to unity of the
working class and want unity with the
capitalist class. For this reason the
issuance of the slogan of world trade
union unity by the r. l. L. U. pre-
cipitated a campaign of villification
against the unity proposals. The most
virulent campaign was led by the Ger
man trade union bureaucrats, and the
leaders of the German social-demo-
! cratic party, against the r. I. L. u.
unity proposals. In the Berlin Vor-
warts, the reforn1ists expressed their
real opposition to world trade union
unity when they demanded: Will this
world congress demanded by the r. l.
L. u. be formed by proportional rep
resentation? Will the new trade UNI
ion international allow national au-
tonomy for the trade unions? Will
the new trade union international be
independent Of all political parties I?
Will the new international be used
only to better working conditions or
for world revolution? And, as a last
refuge, they sought to defend their al
lance with the capitalists by saying
that to break with the capitalists will
mean that no more wage agreements
could be made with the bosses, and
that all cooperation with the labor
bureau Of the league of nations would
ibe broken.
LozovsEy Replies.
TO this the r. 1. L. U. replied, thru
| Lozovsky in his speech at the
Sixth All-Russian Trade Union Con
gress, that the r. l. L. u. proposed
that the labor organizations be repre-
scented at the unity congress in pro-
portion to their numbers and the R.
I. L. U. would combat, any attempt of
the Amsterdamerse to limit the repre-
sentation to trade union bureaucrats
appointed by the officialdoms. What
the R. /. L. u. desired was the cleo.
ton of delegates representing the
workers in the shops and factories
who really desire trade union unity.
On the question of national auton.
omy, he pointed. out that under the
iguise Of national autonomy the Am
sterdamers had committed the black
est crimes against the working class,
since national autonomy had been util-
lied to break. strikes, in every country
thru international scabbing. Thus
British and French coal was used in
1922 against the, coal miners of the
United States on strike, and, wise
versa, United States coal had been
used against the miners of Great
Britain and France to break their own
strikes. The new international would
lreally be a co-ordinating center to
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

bring international unity into the
struggles of the workers against the
capitalists.
XNIITH an innocent air, these Am.
wv sterdamers pretend that "their"
trade unions are independent of all
political parties, but in those coun-
tries in which they are not the back.
bone of the social-democratic and la
Dor parties and act as the handmade.
ems of capitalism, they are altogether
dependent on the bourgeois parties,
as in the United States. But what
the Communists are advocating is
internationa a trade union unity
and have already declared that
even tho they are in the minority at
the world congress, they will remain
in the international, obey its discip-
line and lay their program before the
workers and let the working class de.
eide whose program and tactics ara
right-the r. I. L. U. and the method
of the class struggle, or Amsterdam
and cooperation with the capitalists
at the expense of the workers.
Amsterdam Wants Unity With Bosses
THE opposition Of the Amsterdam.
l ers to the trade unions MOBILIZE.
ing the working class for the aboli
ton Of the wage system is expressed
in their demand that the trade unions
shall be used only to better working
conditions and not for the overthrow
of capitalism, but under the leader.
ship of the Amsterdammers the trade
unions have done neither one nor the
other. Not only have these leaders
sabotaged the struggles of the work
ers to preserve their standard of liv
ing and working conditions, but they
have also prevented the seizure OF
power by the working class, as, for
instance, in Central Europe in the
years 1888 and in Italy in 1920.
THAT the Amsterdam leaders stoop
| to the futile argument that to
break with the capitalists will mean
that no wage agreements can be made
Win IuC DO0oCS SnOWo ludI IuCy arc
desperately fighting against world
trade union unity in order to preserve
their unity with the capitalists. They
conveniently overlook the vast differ.
ence between wage agreement forced
on the bosses by the struggles of the
workers and the voluntary entry Of
Amsterdam leaders into capitalist gof-
ernments to stifle working class re-
volt, and sabotage of even the most
elementary struggles of the working
class. They desperately fight against
unity since they know that world
trade union unity will lay the basis
for fight against capitalism which
they will be forced to oppose to der
fend capitalism, and thus expose
themselves to the mass of the organ
lied workers. To preserve their so.
cial standing, the alliance with the
capitalist class is absolutely neces,
sary for these leaders, and they wiz
betray every working class action to
preserve it. fi..,l
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
New York Notes.
Bronx, New York, Glasses.

Bronx, New York, Classes.
Monday. 52S E. 173d St., Elementar,
English, P. M.
Tuesay, 1947 Boston Road, A. B. C
of Communism, DR.. /. Stamler, P. M
Saturday, "a p. NJ, 523 e. 173d st.
Eli Jacobson, Advanced English.
Bronx Lectures.
Every Sunday night, at 1347 Bostol
Road, at $3.50 p. M.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04
MADISON SQUARE GARDEN TO BE
CENTER OF ANOTHER TREMENDOUS
COMMUNIST GATHERING MARCH IS

YORK. 2Fifyfou the Of Paris
bougeOise established their
little
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-03-04

Capitalisms only regret at the grave Of Ebert
Of Germany, is that there are not more like him
Ditto Branting
Evening star., 1925-03-15

Secretary of State Kellogg is guest
at luncheon given to the special mis-
sion of Guatemala at the Pan-American
Union March 6. Left to right: Gen.
Federico Aguilar, Roberto Lowenthal.
minister of foreign affairs of Guate-
mala; Secretary of State Kellogg,
Francisco Sanchez Latour, Carlos
Palma and Dr. l. S. Rowe of the Pan
American Union.
Harris 4 Ewing
Evening star., 1925-03-15

Rev. DR.. Rhys R. Lloyd of
Chicago, a classmate and for years
a close friend of Vice President
Dawes, who attended the inaug-
uration ceremonies in Washington.
DR.. Lloyd was professor at
Marietta College, where the Vice
President attended, and he also
held a chair in Greek at Berkeley
Calf.
Evening star., 1925-06-18
MARS ATMOSPHERE UNABLE
TO SUSTAIN HIGH LIFE FORMS
Desert Conditions Prevailing Over Most of Planets
Surface Make Possible Only Liciens and Noses,
Carnegie Institution Astronomers Declare.

Measurements of the atmosphere
of Mars, obtained by members of the
staff of the Mt Wilson Observatory
of the Carnegie Institution of Wash
ington, indicating desert conditions
over at least most of that planets
surface, have reduced considerably
the possibility of highly developed
life existing in the Martia1 world.
With the assistance of special ap-
paratus, DR.. Walter S. adams, di
rector of the observatory, and his
colleague, DR.. Charles z. St John,
have definitely established that the
water vapor and oxygen content in
Mars atmosphere represents only
comparatively small per cent of that
found in the earth's atmosphere, be-
ing much rarer even than that over
the summit of Mount Everest.
This knowledge, together with the
discovery last year that there is a
drastic rise and fall in the equatorial
temperature OF Mars between Mar
tian noon and midnight, has indi-
Gated to leading scientists here that
If life exists on Mars it could not
represent a stage higher than that
of the earth's lower order of vegeta
ton, such as lichens and moSses.
A preliminary report of the dis
coveries made by DR.. Adams and DIR.
St. John has just been received at
the administrative headquarters of
the Carnegie Institution and is being
presented simultaneously by Dr.
Adams at the meeting of the Pacific
Coast division of the American AS
sociation for the Advancement of
Science. The report received here
reads in part as follows:
The quantity of water vapor in
the Martian atmosphere at the time
of observation was per cent of that
over Mount Wilson, or 8 per cent of
that over Pasadena. These results
would indicate desert conditions over
at least the greater portion of the
surface of Mars.
Because of the relative motion of
Mars and the earth of IL miles per
second at the time of observation,
equal amounts of water vapor in the
two atmospheres would have re-
Quired displacementS of lines six
times greater than those actually OBJ
served.
Measurements of the quantity of
oxygen in the atmosphere of Mars
indicate a presence of 16 per cent of
that over an equal area of the earths
surface, or about two thirds of that
in the earth's atmosphere above the
summit of Mount Everest"
Evening star., 1925-06-18

Although Mount Everest. the
worlds highest peak, is never known
to have been scaled by man, those
humans who have climbed farthest
up it's barren face We're obliged to
rely upon oxygen tanks to sustain
life because of the extremely thin
atmosphere prevailing there. 1t is
now been shown that the atmosphere
of Mars is even rarer, virtually pre-
Guiding the possibility of a man from
this world living on that planet.
Because of the ability of life quick
ly to adapt itself to unusual condi-
tions, scientists are as yet unable
definitely to determine just what
order of life might exist on Mars.
1t was pointed out, however. that in
such rare atmosphere and with a
temperature that drops from normal
Summer at noon to 40 degrees below
zero at night, the indications would
be favorable only to very low flora
or to one quite different from that
inhabiting this earth.
Although the presence of look
ing polar caps on Mars, which are