davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

1t would surely be valuable to know the
cause of the periodic appearance of flocks
of sunspots at eleven-year intervals. Not
until recently has plausible theory been
offered.
The nearest neighbor to our solar sys-
tenn in the heavens is a double star called
Alpha Centauri-so near that ray of
light from that source, travelling 10000
miles second, requires only four and
one-third years to reach US. Astronomi-
cally speaking, that is a very short dis
lance. Alpha Centauri is pair of suns,
each of them about the same size as our
own central luminary, which, revolving
about common center of gravity, alter
nately approach rather close to each other
and then sheer off.
Their approaches recur at intervals of
eleven years, approximately, and appear
to coincide with the periodic outbreaks of
spots on our sun. Does that not suggest
an interference?
When the twin orbs of Alpha Centauri
come near to each other, they must mutu-
ally experience enormous and even cata-
clysmic disturbances, which may conceiv-
ably so affect our sun as to cause great
storms in its fiery envelope-engender
ing, in other words, flock of sunspots.
Sunspots, however, are only incidental
phenomena, having nothing to do with the
fluctuations of energy output which are
evidenced by variations in the amount of
heat delivered by the solar rays. By OBJ
servations made with specially constructed
instruments, DR.. .bbot has discovered
that the sun actually is brighter at some
times than at others; which means, of
course, that at such times the luminary is
yielding more radiant energy. Its bright
ness may vary as much as 10 per cent.
The variation in amount of heat emitted
is, on occasions, as great as per cent in
a week.
During the years 1921 and 1922 (says
DIR. Abbott the sun gave out an unusual
amount of heat, and those years were re-
markable for high temperatures on the
earth. In its summary of conditions for
1921 the Weather Bureau said: "The out
standing feature of the year was the I'M
usually warm weather in nearly every
month"
Years vary good deal. Taking the
figure 100 as representing the tempera-
ture during an average year, the Weather
Bureau puts down los for 1887, which
was an exceptionally warm twelve-month.
But for 1885 it was only 80 (extraordi-
narily cold) for 1891 it was 95; for 1912
it was 80, and for 1913 it was SO.
M m
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20
1t Is Now Known That
Cold Weather Follows I'm

As regards the prospect of basing long
range forecasts upon observations of the
sun, the Weather Bureau is interested, but
awaits the acquisition of further know1-
edge. As yet not much is known about
solar variations and the effects thereof
upon weather conditions. There is too
much guesswork and too little certainty.
For the comfort of those who believe in
the Weather Bureau, it must be said it
does not agree with the meteorologists
who predict the cold Summer The Wealth
er Bureau does not accept the cycle the
DRY. But, on the other hand, the Weather
Bureau is ofterTfar from right.
In the cold year, 1916, a snowstorm
beginning June II extended from Mary
land northward into Canada, covering all
of Pennsylvania, New York, New Eng
land and vast region to the westward.
The snow fell to depth of four to ten
inches and in parts of southern Canada
more or less of it remained on the ground
throughout the Summer.
On the night of July ice formed all
over the same territory and as far west
as the Mississippi River. In Vermont and
in the Berkshires of Massachusetts, there
was ice on ponds thick enough for skat-
ing. In Maryland there was a quarter of
an inch of ice. At Fort Dearborn (now
Chlcago) ice had to be broken in horse
troughs to water the horses.
These spells of severe, unreasonable
cold wrought destruction in corn, wheat
and other food crops. In the Spring of
1917 farmers in New England paid $40
bushel for seed corn on the cob: the
price in normal years was so cents. In
England the weather was even more Sc
we're, and the abnormal cold reached south
ward into Africa and to the West Indies.
Are we to have another year without
Summer in 1927? The United States
Weather Bureau sees no reason for such
an expectation. 1t will be interesting 10
see who is correct
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

Z u poverty
year" and eighteen hundred and-freeze-
to death Summer" in the archives of the
time.
Only very recently has it been ascer-
tanned that the sun is variable star,
emitting at times 10 per cent more energy
than at others. That 10 per cent makes
a whole lot of difference in our comfort.
Many variable stars have been spotted
by astronomers. They brighten at inter-
walls and then fade perceptibly. The sun
is so near to us and 50 brilliant that we
fail to notice differences in its degree of
brightness, but our weather is very mark
eddy affected thereby.
There are, however, other factors con-
cerned, and of these perhaps the most inn
portant are the sunspots, which are vast
whirling storms of ire on the surface of
the solar luminary. Our planet, dropped
into one of them, would disappear like
child's toy marble thrown into furnace.
All of our weather is absolutely gov
erned and controlled by the sun. DR..
Charles Greeley Abbot, astro-physicist of
the Smithsonian Institution, and other au-
thorfties are of the opinion that more
definite knowledge of solar phenomena
will make it practicable to forecast the
weather with accuracy months and even
years in advance.
But to go back to the sunspot cycle.
There are always some of these spots,
gigantic eruptions of flaming gas and in
candescent matter.
Once in eleven years a whole flock
of these spots begin to disappear.
With a good telescope one can see
them travel around that orb as it revolves
In fact, it is by observation of sunspots
that we have found out that the sun turns
on its axis once in twenty-seven days.
The arrival of this "sunspot maximum
is signalled by the appearance of spots in
twos and threes, their number steadily in
creasing for a while and later diminish
ing. Their chief Importance to us lies in
the fact that those fiery cyclonic storms
kick up clouds of ashes, which, envelop-
ing the sun, obstruct its radiation, thereby
lessening the amount of heat delivered to
the earth That means cold weather.
There is always a cloud of ashes about
the sun, a product of its super-volcanc
fires. When there is total eclipse it
can be plainly seen with the naked eye
through smoked glass, extending millions
of miles outward from the solar disk,
whitish luminous veil 1t is not really
luminous, but the particles of which it is
composed are shining in the sunlight. AS
tronomers call it the corona"
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

Why those years of exceptionally cold
weather? Volcanoes were responsible
The explosion of Krakatoa, in 1888, was
followed by three years of cold owing to
the enormous quantity of volcanic ashes
thrown into the upper atmosphere, where,
remaining afloat for long time, they OBJ
structed the rays of the sun. Similarly,
the chilliness of 1912 and 1913 was at
trlbutable to the tremendous blow-up of
Mount Katmai, on the Alaskan Peninsula.
Thus it will be seen that there are vari-
Gus causes which will affect the atmos-
pheric temperature. Lessened production
of energy by the sun may be accountable.
Thickened clouds of ash-dust about the
solar orb may be responsible for unusual
frigidity. Ashes thrown out by volcanoes
on the earth may help to freeze us.
We are not accustomed to realize how
much heat the sun delivers on our planet,
because only about 20 per cent of the
rays that reach our atmosphere penetrate
through it. Forty per cent are DETECTED
off into space, mostly by dust particles,
and another 40 per cent are absorbed by
water experimenting clouds and such
droplets of moisture as contribute to the
formation of the latter.
If all the suns rays came through to
the earths surface they would literally
fry us to death. An aviator, if it were
possible for him to attain an elevation of
200 miles, would be burned to a frizzle
by the scorching heat of the unfiltered
sunbeams.
If so large percentage of the solar
rays are DETECTED off into space by dust
particles under normal conditions, it is
easy to understand the chilling effect of
vast quantities of volcanic ashes thrown
into the atmosphere. When Krakatoa lin
the Strait of Sunda, between Java and
Sumatra) blew Up, it was reckoned that
fifty cubic miles of material were dis
charged into the upper air in the form of
a finely divided dust.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

Ralph Delury, of the Dominion Observ-
atory at Ottawa, forecasts three years of
cold, and so, likewise, does the Able
Caen, in Normandy.
Why do more spots on the sun give us
colder weather?
As every one knows, the sun is the
earth's big stove. 1t sends its heat rays
out through the bitter cold of outer space
and these rays, when they strike the earth,
are converted into heat. Anything which
lessons the number of heat rays striking
the surface of our planet deprives us of
a proportionate amount of warmth.
The reason we raise a parasol OF sun
shade over our heads in Summertime is
to keep off these same rays and when we
do so, we are cooler because we have re-
duced the number of rays which are strik-
ing us and producing heat as they strike.
Now it is obvious that if big sunshade
of sort is interposed between the earth
and the sun, the amount of heat that we
get from our cosmic stove will be reduced
in proportion to the thickness of that
shade. Our earth actually has two of these
shades.
One of them extends for millions of
miles around the sun and is made of an
indefinite number of particles of dust
which have been thrown off our luminary
by its eruptions. Sun spots are volcanic
eruptions on the sun, which shoot out into
space tongues of flaming gas and mean
descent matter hundreds of thousands
miles long.
1t is now plain that whenever there is
maximum of this sun-spot activity more
of these tongues of incandescent matter
must be shot out and the clouds of dust
about the sun must be thickened. And
when this happens fewer of the heat rays
can pierce the "parasol" and make their
way to earth. The parasol of sun dust is
thickest every fifty-five years, according
to the cycle theory. Result-the "years
without Summer"
The second sunshade between us and the
sun is of earth's own making. Our vol
canoes throw up into the higher reaches
of our atmosphere their clouds of fine
dust which drift for months around the
earth until they are dissipated. When
there comes a year in which we have not
only the increased blanket around the sun
caused by its volcanic eruptions, but at the
same time we have a thicker blanket
around the earth caused by its volcanic
eruptions, then we have cold year in
deed
This was the case in 1916.
In that year there was not only the end
of the sunspots cycle, with the maximum
amount of dust around the sun, but the
mighty volcano, Mount Tomboro, on the
island of Sumbawa, east of Java, blew up.
That catastrophe cost the lives of $4,000
people and sent into the atmosphere clouds
of dust that produced darkness as of
night over 300 miles for many days And
these ash clouds, carried by the winds all
around the globe, further shut off the di-
minished rays of our sun.
Between the cycle ending in 1916 and
that ending in 1926-27 was the cycle year
of 1871. There are many living who re-
member the extraordinary GOODNESS of that
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

THERE will be no Summer in 1927
The year will be marked by in
y, tense cold, lack of adequate sun
shine and failure of crops, with conse-
quent threat of famine.
That is the unpleasant prospect which
the world has before it if some distin-
guished meteorologists are not mistaken.
Their predictions are based, at least in
part, upon "sunspot cycles"
They claim that five sunspot periods
added together-a total of fifty-five and
six-tenths years-make a cycle which in
varably terminates with the arrival of a
great cold, endangering crops all over the
world, reducing thereby the available food
supply and causing much suffering to
mankind.
They point waningly to the fact that
the year 1927 will mark the termination
of the second sunspot cycle since 1916,
the famine "year without Summer"
when ice formed on ponds in the month
of July as far south as Pennsylvania
They call attention to the fact that 1927
will be forty-eight sunspot cycles from
the great observation of the sun in 1872,
recorded by Chinese historians, which,
owing to the lessened heat obtained from
that luminary, was the cause of wide
spread famine.
Another ominous coincident sign is the
coming round of the "lunar-solar cycle"
of 1856 years and a fraction, which ter
inmates in 1926-27. It's ending is always
marked by frightful cold. Thus in 1858
the Emperor Charles ", to save his army
from being frozen to death, was obliged
to abandon the siege of Metz. Again, the
Winter of 1739-40 was so cold that the
Seine and the Thames froze over Add
another 1876 years, and it brings us to
1927.
We are warned that the unusual cold
may be expected to last through second
twelve month. DR.. Rutger Sernander,
professor of botany in the Swedish Ma
tional University, is quoted as predicting
a return in northern Europe of the "fim-
bull Winters three Winters
without intervening Summers.
Mr.. Herbert Janvrin Browne, an Ameri-
can meteorologist of high reputation, says
that the coming great cold will first mani
fest itself menacingly in the southern
hemisphere, where, of course, it is Sum-
mer when we are having Winter. During
the crop season of 1926-27 in that hemi-
sphere (September % to March 22) there
will be floods, followed by severe
droughts; also killing frosts and heavy
damage by hail. As a result, grain pro-
duction will be reduced so per cent or
more.
The growing season of 1927 in the
northern hemisphere, he says, will start
with a very late Spring and abnormal
frosts. In August there will be frosts in
the Spring wheat fields of our North
west, and killing frosts will assail the corn
belt IN September Similar, conditions
will prevail in Europe. with heavy and
continuous rains falling destructively upon
such crops as have managed to survive the
cold.
the great cold through 1928, and perhaps
for year longer than that. Professor
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-12-20

Summer, but the
earth was fortu-
nate in having had
no recent violent
outbursts of its
own. If, within
the n ext fe w
m o n t h S, there
should be an erup-
ton like that of
Tomboro, then, the
"cycle" meteorol-
ogists believe, we
would have an ex-
act duplication of
the d j is a strous
Summer of 1916,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-03-31
NATIONAL HOME

The funeral of the late Alfred Ma
ginnisS was held in the Home chapel
at 1880 Monday, Rev. FIR. Mclaughlin
officiating.
All members Of the Togus Athletic
Association should endeavor to be
present at the annual meeting to be
held at 4 o'clock today in the recep-
ton room opposite headquarters.
The moving picture program for
Tuesday evening will be Misses Doro-
thy and Lillian Gish in orphans of
the Storm" with a Spotlight. The
Champeen," and Gump comtdy,
whats the Use"
Mrs. Daniel f. Moynihan has gone
to Boston to visit relatives for a few
days.
officer Of the day. Capt George D.
Herriott-Luke Pitts has been detail
ed as janitor at the clubhouse u place
of James Z. Kane, Observation-Disclosures
]. wentworth has returned from fur
Tough to Springvale.-The returns
from passes Monday were George
Written from Readfield. Luther Kelly
from Augusta and Frank Johnson from
Bath.-Ebsebe n. Lafleur of Chicopee,
late end Co., 151st D. B., has reported
for Observation-Disclosures Porter of Bath,
late Co K, 103rd L. s. Inf, and been
admitted-Georgc Written, late Co.
e. 72nd L. S. c. A., Joseph +. Trafton
late 151st Depot Brigade, and Edmund
Arsenault. late Co. 3, 42nd L. 5. G. a.
c., have been granted discharges from
the Unconstitutional have been
granted to John Killelea to Leomin-
ster. Charles w. Frost to Waterville,
Joseph A. Connolly to Milwaukee. John
+. Early to Boston, Patrick j. Powers
and Edward T. Kenny to Milwaukee,
Chandler II. Lewis, late Co. A, 103rd
L. S. Inf, Dwellyn H. Clough, late Co.
C. 1OSrd U. s. Inf. Frank Stevens.
late Co. A, 141st L. S. Inf. and
Claude J. Nelson, late Co. D, 1O3rd y.
S. Infs have been dropped from the
rolls for being absent without leave
for more than 60 days.-George V. Nc
Galley, late Co. G, 18th L. S. Inf. and
Charles Boothby. late U. S. Navy,
have been dropped from the rolls for
being absent more than GO days over
furlough
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-03-31
Divided Report
On Boating, Fishing
Ban on Lake Auburn

A divided report from the judi
ciary committee is predicted upon
the bill to prohibit boating and fish,
ing on Lake Auburn. 1t was said
Monday.
The judiciary committee will re-
port today Ought not to pass" upon
two bills prohibiting illegal interfer-
ence with the business of another,
one introduced by Senator Crafts of
Piscataquis and the other by Senator
Carter of Androscoggin. 1t Is UNDER
stood that the committee takes the
ground that the situation 10 fully
covered by existing conspiracy laws.
The judiciary committee will re-
affirm it's previous decision of fought
not to pass" upon the bill which had
been recommitted to 1t, introduced
by Representative Nichols of Port
land, requiring that assessors of
taxes before assessment should give
seasonable notice in writing to all
persons subject to taxation in their
respective towns.
An adverse report will also be
presented by the judiciary commit
tee upon the bill which would pro-
vide one voting compartment for
every 200 voters instead of every 100
as at present.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-03-31
SAW CHAPMAN
Continuation Page One)

part of the evidence. His victory
was gained over the strenuous OPP
position of the state attorney, Hugh
M. Alcorn.
Hugh NJ. Chapman. to whom Shean
alluded throughout his testimony as
"Mr. Miller" drove of in his car
the same which has been identified
from q Steubenville, Ohio, motor
shop last April-saying he was "go-
ing west for q while" Shean next
saw Chapman on October 8. in his
advertising office in Springfield. AL
corn. at this point, brought the wit
ness down to the day preceding the
murder in New Britain, on Saturday,
October II. Chapman Shean said,
invited him to take ride and In the
midst of a conversation on general
topics said the witness, Chapman
complained Of q poor market In IL
licit liquor.
Things are quiet ana I have to
swing Peter in between bootleg
jobs" shean quoted Chapman as
having said. He explained that
safe with nitroglycerine. They went
to New Britain, said Shehan. and
then to Meriden, where they took
rooms for the night. Chapman, he
said. aroused him at $3.50 the fol-
lowing morning, drove to New Brit
ain and left him in the car while he
went to rob the department store of
Davidson and Leventhal.
AFTER a while he came back" said
Shean, land asked me to go back
with him. He gave me a gun when
safe ready to blow. told him 1t
was a too dangerous job for me. He
asked me II I was scared and told me
not to worry. But I left, taking an
envelope containing money which
Mr.. Miller had taken from another
safe in the store"
Shean will be cross examined by
Groehl tomorrow.
Atwater, who preceded Skelly into
the store when the police answered
an alarm that the place was being
looted, testified that as he stepped in
the door mans voice called Drop
down or I'll kill you." The shouter
fred, he said. and he dropped to his
knees to get his gun from it's holster.
Shelly. right behind him. who had not
Yet dropped, was shot through the
abdomen. Atwater insisted that he
identified Chapman as the gunman.
He identified him by his high cheek
bones" he said. although Groehl. on
cross examination insisted Atwater
| had not seen the shooting, having
been behind a counter in fright and
remaining there until the gunman es-
capped through the door by which the
police had just entered.
Henry Keller. q clerk: Adolph La
Chance, night Waterman. and Der.
nard Carlson. a street car motorman,
all of New Britain testified they had
seen Chapman run from the depart
shooting, gun in his hand. J. F. White
New Britain livery stable propri-
etor, testified he had seen Chapman
block farther away.
The days other witnesses were
New Britain policemen who told of
the shooting of Shelly and the sur
| geon who performed an autopsy on
| Skelly's body.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-03-31
Chicago Cattle Market

SnlCaSO, MdICn oV
ATT E- Receipts $4,000; f.1
steers and yearlings closing weak 2
IS lower; spots 25 off: stockers an1
yearlings Ills; best handy weighs
and heavies 11.60; several loads olI
weights averaging 1900 to lee|
pounds at that price: part load cn1
yearlings averaging 1140 pounds ilse'
bulk fed steers and yearlings SdoeI
1915; fat she stock except medlul1
grades about steady: in-between KID!
fat cows weak to Is lower: spots "
more: bulk fat cows 5.00@725; hei1
ers mostly 7.5O@9.00: bulls strong
IS higher; stop bolognas 500; yealels
weak to 25 lower: bulk to PACKER
9.00@1O.O0; outsiders mostly LUG
1850; few choice hand picked upwa'o
to 1900.
HOGs-Receipts $4,000: open:l
steady to 10 lower, mostly Is 10 y
off; closed fully 25 lower: some sais.
showing 25 to 40 reduction: slaugnIs]
pigs little changed; early extreme W
1880: bulk 100 to 310-pound veg!
l2.90@13.35; 40 to 150-pound wega.
largely 12.1091e.-5: bulk packing sGs]
ss29@1s4 oe maiiT5i5gg strSns estimate
SHEEP-Receipts 10000: fat land
slow. mostly 25 to so lower: buik sc IN
to- choice handy weight 16.61 OLE
one load choice 7S-pound weights io..I
to city butchers: good 50 to Si-pouI1
weights 14.50@14.75; extreme, |,
weighty kind 1900 % $50: choice s y
99-pound clippers 1850; nsnss.,
weights upward to 12.5OQ1ZIo; ~
sheep weak to IS lower; GOOD sl I'll
ewes 7.65@7.75: shearing iamps t S,j
around % lower: strong weight 49,
l5.00@15.25.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-03-31
Portland Woman Was So Weak
She Wasn't Able to Walk a
Block-Takes Karnak and
Can Now Almost Run Uphill

One Of the strongest evidence Of
the rapidly growing popularity OF
Karnak and Of the wonderful results
it is accomplishing is the large num-
Der Of unqualified Endorsements that
are being received from well known
men and women throughout this Sec
ton. Among the score recently re-
ceived is that Of Mrs. Walter Leves-
que, highly esteemed resident Of FL
Beach street, Portland, Me-, who re-
lates her remarkable experience with
this remarkable new medicine as fol-
lows:
"Karnak has been 50 wonderful In
my case that have been telling all
my friends about it and getting them
to try this remarkable medicine. too"
declares Mrs. Levesque. Three
years ago had influenza and typhoid
fever, and could never regain my
strength in spite of all my efforts. 1
remained so weak that I could only