davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

| ton Of the Juvenile Protective Assoc
iation.
This organization reports that at
least one-third of the cases of ne
elected children are children whose
mothers have been obliged to go out
to work. OF the 399 delinquent boys,
over one-third had some direct eco
nomic aspect" to their case. These
cases include stealing, begging, street
vending and other crimes each with
the implication that the home earn
ings were insufficient.
Producing Child Beeoars and Thieves.
The report goes further. In a spe-
cial study made of 100 boys who had
been committed to the vicious Chi
cago and Cook county school for boys,
it was found that rs per cent of the
boys fathers had a weekly average
income of no tmore that $3.50. Now,
if one takes even the average family
of two adults and three minor chill
dren (and most Of the families were
much larger) this wage adjusted to
the minimum budget recently applied
by the bureau of applied economics
would even then be so per cent too
small.
Juvenile delinquency is directly the
result of poverty. One juvenile court
report says, Much of the delinquency
of these Chicago children can be
traced to small beginnings. Children
picking coal, small boys picking ref
use in the markets, and the small
girls skulking thru downtown alleys
at night to reach the rear door of
restaurants dispensing stale bread and
cake" Remember that these are dL
rect quotations from conservative
government reports). Here is a typi-
cal case of the delinquency of juve-
nile court case.
Revealing Reports of Parents Wage.
"A boy of thirteen picked up in the
loop for begging, had piled that trade
every Friday for months. His school
records showed IS halliday absences
in seven months. When brot to the
office, he had several handfuls of
change in his pockets amounting to
S9.SS-as much as his father made in
week." (The emphasis is ours.)
It would be possible to quote hun.
dreds Of other instances and examp-
les Of Chicago's child life-whether
they came from the congested foreign
district of the West Side or the dilapi-
dated tenements of the South End
but all would only serve to empha.
size what is a fact-that child labor.
child-dependency, child-dalinquency,
are not a matter OF choice on the part
Of the children or greed on the part
Of the parents.
These evils are the direct result of
the economic level at which the work.
ers are forced 10 live. insufficient In.
comes of the parents, insufficient food
for the children, more and greater
profits for the capitalists. these are
the causes for the conditions which
we see all about us.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

The prosecuting authorities had re-
served the chief sensation for the end.
This was the statement Of Herr
Vogt, the well-known Communist-hat-
er. the preliminary examining Judge
in the Cheka trial. According to the
principles of the German criminal
code, the examining Judge can only
give evidence upon one point, that is
regarding any contradictions between
the statements Of the accused at the
preliminary examination and at the
main proceedings.
But the principles of German Grim
inal law are no longer valid for this
court. In spite OF all the protests OF
the defense, Herr Vogt was permitted
to deliver a cleverly prepared indict-
ment speech against the Communist
Party Of Germany which lasted for
several days. Herr Vogt came to the
court with a big attache case. This
contained a mass OF papers which he
claims were coniiscated at various
house-searches and with the help OF
these documents he delivered a furi-
Gus anti-Bolshevist diatribe. It was
regular onslaught upon the defense,
which declared that It was quite ig-
norant Of the existence OF this fresh
evidence.
The defense further declared that II
wished TO examine this fresh material
brought forward by Vogt. as II con-
tanned many things which were the
products Of spies. How feeble an ac.
ousation must be when II is compelled
TO have to resort TO such absurd me-
thods! Thereupon the defense pre-
pared TO deliver counter-blow: as
Herr vogt had accused tho Commun-
list Party OF Germany. the Communist
Party OF Germany must be given the
opportunity of defending itself. The
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

(rooAng material, etc. IS per cent:
American Ice & Coal Co., 10 per cent:
Philadelphia & Reading Ry., 10 per
cent; Pennsylvania r. r., over z per
cent; Baldwin Locomotive Workers, z
per cent; Philadelphia Rapid Transit,
per cent; Henry Disston g. Sons, 7
per cent.
Largely UnsklIled Labor.
Except in Lukens plant few of these
Negroes are given skilled work. In
Midvale Steel, Atlantic Refining, P. &
R. R., United Gas Imp, and Penn
sylvania R. R., a considerable number
Of Negro workers are In semi-skilled
work. Philadelphia trade unionists
confirm Washington's statement that
in general Negro workers are not al
lowed by employers in skilled Jobs.
Philadelphia is city Of nearly two
million population and Washington
claims that its Negro population is
already larger than that of Chicago,
with million more population. Ac-
cording to the 1920 census the Neg
roes were over per cent Of Philadel-
phia's total and since that time south
ern migration has tremendously in
creased their numbers in this and
other northern cities. The total num-
Der Of Negroes employed in Philadel-
phia is 7S,6O1 out of $4,000 total
workers in the city, giving the
Negroes little less than 10 per cent.
Industrial Classification.
OF the Negro total, 1929 men are
in unskilled jobs in manufacturing and
mechanical industries. The total in
skilled work in these industries, in
Guiding building, is 1890; semi-skilled
in the same, 2,0S5. Semi-skilled in
transportation. 4,623; unskilled, 2,794;
in trades, 2,O1O; laborers, porters, etc.,
2.127; public service (police, etc. +,
9S3 and S65 laborers; male domestics,
1878; professional men, 443; clerical
workers, 900.
Negro women dressmakers and
seamstresses, workers in clothing,
textile, tobacco and food industries
amount to 2,773. Negro professional
women are 4S3; clerical workers, ESQ;
clerks, etc, 2S7; women domestic
workers, 2S,s44.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
WORLD BANKERS
AID ALBANIAN
MURDER REGIME
Peasants Disseminated as
Dictatorship Oppresses

VIENNA, May 5-The Albanian ne.
action, which seized power by means
of the support Of international reac.
ton and with the aid of the bayonets
Of the Yugo-Slavian bourgeoisie, has
placed Achmed Zogu at the head of
the government and also had him
elected as president.
In order to concentrate power into
his hands, the reaction has done away
with the former system Of admfnistra.
ton which consisted of the parlia.
ment and the upper council, the lat
ter consisting of four members elect.
ed by parliament, and has set up a
senate, the Is members Of which con.
sist mainly Of big landowners. OF
these is members OF the senate, 6
were nominated by the president OF
the republic.
Many Political Murders.
The government has handed over
to Yugo-Slavia the strategicaIRy i'm
portant district of st. Naum and
granted a naphtha concession to the
Anglo-Persian OIL company. The gov
eminent can only rely upon the feud
al big landowners, and is therefore
exercising the greatest terror, which
even. exceeds that experienced by the
country during the occupation.
Several political personalities have
been murdered in the country. Many
murderers have been released from
prison and sent abroad in order t.
carry out political murders among the
emigrants. In Bari they have already
assassinated Guarki. the former fin
ance minister in the Fan Noli cabinet
Population Disconnected.
Turnout the whole of Albania mas.
arrests and explosions are taking
place. The discomfort Of the popula
ton is growing daily. Many have fled
to the mountains where they are or
ganaiEing armed ~tcheten." Sucl
tcheten exist thruout the whole coun
try.
One Of these tcheten bands, Isl
strong, recently had a collision Will
the government troops who were driv
en- out of mountain district in Ar
dugo Kastro. This district is now il
the hands of the tcheten.
The tcheten movement is supported
by the discontinued peasantry thru
out the whole country.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
BIZ a. 3. (RerIInl.

TINE Leigzig Cheka trial has nvolv
l. ed the parading of all the sup
ports of the German republic in a per
lection and beauty which is rarely to
be seen. Court officials and police
spies, police commissioners and eager
medical witnesses have for weeks
dominated the proceedings.
An exquisite example was furnished
+ by the report Of the medical expert
on the mental condition Of the witness
for the prosecution, the police SPY
Felix Neumann. II Is true that the
grandfather Of Felix Neumann died in
a lunatic asylum, and that among his
relatives there are quite a number Of
lunatics.
While still a soldier he was subject
to fits, and in fact had a fit durinl
the trial regarding which the medical
authorities we're Of diverse opinion
as to whether It was a flt OF hysteria
or an epileptic 1T. But the medical
expert stated in his report that only
a layman would hold the opinion that
because an individuals forebears
we're mentally unsound, the individual
himself must also be mentally UNI
sound. Neumann Is sane and his
statements are credible. Such q
scandalous medical report is almost
unique even in the history of German
class medical Jurisprudence.
Tt is not worth while repeating all
l. the inventions and phantasies
which were put forward by the police
and their spies. This evidence was
so feeble that even the bourgeois
press OF Germany almost disregarded
Il. only the organs OF the social dem
ocratic party remained true 10 the
public prosecutor thru thick and thin
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
THE VOICE OF LENIN
TO Be HEARD IN CHICAGO
SUNDAY, MAY "a

Something new and different is
being arranged by the Russian
branch of the Workers Party for
Sunday, May "a, at the Workers
Home, 1902 w. Division st. II will
be Lenin Evening, with Comrade
Nicolai Lenin as the chief speaker.
This Is no joke, as the talk by Com
rade LenIn will be heard from a
photograph record, as we'll as
speeches by comrade Lunachar-
sky, Trotsky and others.
comrade Alexander Chramov, ma
tlonaI organizer Of the Russian Sec
tlon w. p, who is touring the Unit
ed States, will bring the records to
Chicago. He will also speak on
Lenin as a leader of the masses. A
good musical program is also being
prepared. Tell your friends about
it. Let them listen TO the voice of
LeninI
Remember the date, Sunday May
"a, at 1902 w. Division ST.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

ward Washington to see whether
things are being run right.
"Stlck to Slavery"
That is the latest message from
the White House. 1t comes direct
from the lips of the mythical "spokes-
man for the president Of course,
it was couched in smoother language.
But what the spokesman" meant
was just that-the common herd had
better be running their lathes and
cultivators and stores and trains, and
letting the Coolidge administration
manage the government without be-
ing pried upon by critical eyes.
What's more, Coolidge assures them
of stability. Things are going to stand
perfectly still in their tracks, If he
is left to take care Of the govern
ment. Stability-that's the thing
business needs. Let him alone and
he will not introduce any agitation
into the business situation. Investors
can place their money with some
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

There are seven candidates for the
vacant post on the university's gov
erning board. Their biographies are
briefly given by the university secret
airy for the information OF the alumni
who will do the voting and these on
cial statements are supplemented by
the signed arguments of their sup
porters.
All Are FInaneiers
Without exception each of the can
dfdates is the executive of great cor
porations. banker or a wealthy at
torney. And without exception none
Of the candidates is mentioned in con-
nection with any scholarly attain
ments.
Nicholas Frederick Brady, executive
committeeman of the National Civic
Federation; president of the New
York Edison Co.; president Of the
Municipal Gas Co. of Albany; director
Of the Anaconda Copper Co. and ~
other corporations, has these facts
listed to his credit He is not credited
with scholarship tho such a qualitica-
ton would supposedly be Of interest
to university men.
Clarence Blakeslee, director of the
New Haven & Shore Line railway,
New Haven Gas Co., Water Co., Com.
munity Chest and chamber of com.
merce, is also neglected as to his
scholarship record.
No Scholarly Qualities.
Alfred Lawrence Aiken, president OF
the Massachusetts Bankers Associa
ton, director Of the New York Life
Insurance Co. and other corporations
is lauded for federal reserve and city
planning activities, but any educational
qualifications he may have are passed
up.
Edward Belden Greene, president
Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, di
rector of Title Guarantee Trust Co
and other corporations is lauded fol
these connections and for wartime
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
AKRON CARMEN
VOTE STRIKE ON
OPEN SHOP PLAN
Insist that Bus M e n
Join the Union
lspeeIaI . Ia paIIy workerl

AKRON, Ohio, May 5.-By a vote
Of 51S to PIP, the men employed on
the four divisions, the Akron city, the
Canton interurban, the Canton-Massil-
lon and the A. B. and c. interurban,
have voted to strike in case the gem
eral manager of the traction company
gives final refusal to include in the
working agreement a provision that
the bus men employed by the COM
pany, shall become members of the
carmen's union.
The company is trying to stall the
men off and defeat the union demand
by so-called impartial arbitration
A G. Blinn, spokesman for the COM
pany, rung in the class collaboration
clause Of the Amalgamated Associa-
ton of Street and Electric Railway
Employees preamble to their consti-
tuition to prove that the union should
surrender to arbitration"
He said that the purposes of the un-
ion, among other things, is "To en-
courage the principle and practice of
Cancellation and arbitration in the
settlement of differences between la
Dor and capital" He added that in
view of this, the union ought to sub
NIT to arbitration. Patrick Shea ne
gotiating for the union, had nothing
to say, but holds strike vote in
allegiance.
The capitalist papers are running
the usual one-sided stories condemn
ing the proposed strike, talking about
the poor public and peddling the bunk
about the auto-bus replacement per-
manently of electric lines in case of a
strike.
Another move Of the company is to
try to get some weakling or spy
among the workers to get an injunc-
ton against the union on the ground
that the vote to strike was not taken
according to rule.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
STATE LEGISLATURE
KILLS LABOR'S MILD
MINNESOTA PROGRAM
Especial to The Daily Worker

Especial to The Daily Worker)
ST. PAUL, May Sit was nothing
doing In the 1925 session of the MIN
nesota legislature so far as labor
measures are concerned. All the
Items on the modest program of or
ganlzed labor were killed either on
the floor or In the committee.
These Included safeguarding the Job
of teachers, improving the work.
mems compensation law, giving one
day rest In seven, state highway
patrol, prison labor betterment and
proposed partial repeal of the
women's minimum wage act
"As far as organized labor Is
specifically concerned, the session
cannot be said TO be a great sue
cess, aItho the measures backed by
labor were not of vital character"
says the Minnesota Union Advocate,
official organ Of the State Fedora
ton Of Labor.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
Child Labor Helps Breed Criminals

Continued. from page u
these parents and do away with this
imported evil"
Let us, however, look a little further
than the thin surface over which the
capitalist investigator skins.
Economic Necessity in 81 Per Cent.
We find in Chicago that "a per cent
Of the total number of work certi-
ficates issued, are given to the chill
dren who can definitely prove ECO
nomic necessity in the home of the
child" 1t must be remembered that
this form of child labor-the issuing
Of work certificates-is the states
method of legalizing the toll of chill
dren supposedly above the age of
thirteen. Many of the children who
plead that they are "of age" are
obviously below this standard.
During all the time that the writer
spent in the rooms of the board of
education, where the certificates are
issued, not single child was refused
his permission to leave school and
enter industry. The applicants came
at the rate Of about fifty an hour, al
tho April is supposed to be a low-ebb
month. There were perhaps ten per
cent more boys than girls.
The Sacrifice to Moloch.
The slim, pallid-cheeked girls and
the slender, pale-faced boys alike,
came in timidly. leading WORKOUT
mothers. Nervously they made their
way to the information desk where
typically wise and slangy Office boy
waved them to the rows of benches
where they we're to await their turn.
The faces of all those waiting had the
same anxious look the same meek,
cringing attitude that to the social
worker distinguishes the so-called
clients and cases" at the charity Of
fees from the rest of humanity.
The mothers divided their attention
between the flurried care OF the three
or four young children who usually
accompanied her and listening with a
pathetic envy to the giggles and care
free laughter that was going on be-
tween the investigators" on the
other side of the little wooden fence.
Slaves on the Market-lnspected
and Passed.
In hurried turn, each applicants
first name was called off, and, after
rapid interview" the child was
hustled off to an upper floor, clutch
ing in his hand the doctors card. He
was back inside of half an hour, all
ready to get his final stamp, and be
led off--a legal and capable industrial
worker.
1t is interesting to note here that
the director Of vocational guidance in
his last report says that approx
mately 25 per cent Of all applicants
for working certificates are held up
temporarily on account OF physical
conditions, one large division being
malnutrition, and ndernourishment."
Which means that the most pro-
nounced type. Of malnutrition which
can be determined in even a cursory
examination.
The Delinquent Scrap Heaps Of
Wrecked Youth.
AS for those who do not get work
certificates who are under age" and
who do not enter into the employ.
ments mentioned in the proceeding ar.
ticles; what becomes OF these work
ing class children? They fall into tho
ranks Of so-callod dependent and do
linquent Juveniles, only a small pro.
portion Of which coma h the stten.I
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
Stationary Engineers Get Raise.

Stationary engineers employed by
the Chicago ice cream manufacturers
were given a wage increase OF Ave
cents an hour, John Corey. business
manager of the union, announced. The
pay OF the engineers is now 1t.O5 per
hour.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06


PHILADELPHIA 5Althe Phiadelphias
unoanized in
preparing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

Give your shopmate this copy
Of the DAILY WoRKER-but be
sure to zee him the next day to
get his subscription
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
ELECTION OF YALE TRUSTEE SHOWS
HOW FINANCIERS CONTROL SCHOOLS
BY ART SHIELDS
Federated Press staff Corresponds

NEW YORK, May 5Now further OF
keeps
Yale University
office of the university the election
the Yale corporation
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
"STICK TO YOUR SLAVERY" CAL
TELLS WORKERS AS HE PREPARES
FOR EXTENDED VACATION JAUNT
BY LAURENCE TODD
Federated Press Staff Correspondent

WASHINGTON May 5Pedn Coolidge wants to be let alone
clusivey to their private business
thinks what administration the 4OOOOO
nothing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

Negro WOTkeFS III EnlihuSAphih.
Negro UnIonlsts.
The International Longshoremen's
Union is over 80 per cent Negro and
two Negro organizers are steadily
maintained by the organization in
Philadelphia. The Marine Transport
Workers Industrial Union has a lesser
percentage Of Negroes but keeps a
Negro organizer busy.
The international He'd Carriers,
Building and Common Laborers' I'm
ion is 40 per cent Negro,
The Portable Hosting Engineers
Union is 10 per cent Negro. The
bricklayers' and carpenters unions
are each between one per cent and
two per cent Negro. The garment
workers unions are about per cent
Negro with a more rapidly increasing
proportion than the skilled building
trades unions. Some unions still do
not admit Negro workers in the
trades.
Heavy Percentage and still
Increasing.
With the practical elimination of
European immigration Negro workers
are more and more in demand, Wash
ington finds, in the unorganized or
partially organized manufacturing in
dustries, such as STEEL Midvale Steel
Co. at Philadelphia employs 20 per
cent Negroes. Lakens Steel Works
employs over ~ per cent Negroes.
Bethlehem Steel so far employs very
few.
Other large manufacturing plants
employing many Negroes are: VIII
son-Martin Co., so per cent; Fels &
Co., 20 per cent; Westinghouse EIec-
trio Co., Is per cent; Atlantic Rein
ing Co., Is per cent; United Gas Imp.
Co., 10 per cent; Franklin Sugar Re-
ining Co., 20 per cent; Barrett Co,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06

As for those who do not get work
certificates who are under age" and
who do not enter into the employ.
ments mentioned In the proceeding ar.
ticles; what becomes Of these work
ing class children They fall into tho
ranks Of so-called dependent and do
linquent Juveniles, only a small pro.
portion Of which coma h the stten-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-05-06
IMMIGRATION STOPPAGE FORCES
INCREASING NUMBER OF NEGROES
INTO INDUSTRY, FIGURES SHOW
By ESTHER LOWELL.

Federated Press staff Correspondent
Seward daily gateway., 1925-04-04
FEMINISTS OF ITALY
 BATTLING FOR VOTES
 REMINDED OF BORCIAS

ROME, April 4.-Angered by the suspicion that they have been the victims of a political game and in dignant at the idea that the govern ment has openly broken it's promise to grant women suffrage in munich pal elections, Italian proponents of equal political rights for men and women have begun new and wig orous campaign to win public opin- ion to their side of the case and to make the government change its stand
 The decision of committees of the Senate and Chambers of Deputies, re- jecting womans suffrage as a step too inopportune to be taken at this time, was a particularly bitter one for the suffragist because it came but a short time after their hopes had been raised as they mad been never before, by the declaration of Premier Mussolini before a congress here of women from all parts of the globe that Italy intended to grant the vote to it's women.
 Government leaders explain their change of front as a necessary re- suit of the present political situation but the women refuse to believe this especially since one government spokesman was quoted as saying: Italy has suffered too much in the past from women rulers, it is not easy to forget the Borgias."
 The National Association of Italian Women has issued a manifesto dec laring that 48 nations have granted the vote to women and that Italy runs the risk of being the last to take the step, thereby creating false ideas abroad about social and poli- tical conditions south of the Alps. Senators and deputies are being be- sieged by women visitors and their mail boxes flooded with letters. The newspapers are receiving scores of letters, many of them enumerating important Italian women to answer the assertion that Italy has suffered by the misdeeds of it's women.