davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31
INDUSTRIAL AND
B

Only one great strike marred the
years record In the United States.
The anthracite miners had been de-
manding an increase il wages and the
adoption of the check-Of system by
the operators, and after long and fu-
tile negotiations the men were called
out of the mines on September /. Be
cause the stock of coal was large and
owing to the use of oil and other sub-
stitutes, the consumer did not suffer
greatly, but the effects Of the strike
on the miners and operators and the
business men of the mining towns
were serious. President Coolidge re-
fused to interfere but asked congress
to give the Chief Executive and the
secretaries of commerce and labor the
authority to intervene in such crises.
The American Federation of Labor
held it's annual meeting in Atlantic
City in October, turned down all propo-
sitions for cooperation with the Rus
sian trade unions and recognition OF
the Soviet government, and reelected
President Green and all other officers.
The Supreme Court of the United
States on April 10 held %unconstitu-
tional that part of the Kansas indus
trial court act providing for COM
pulsory arbitration of labor disputes.
In October it ruled against the Arizona
minimum wage law for women. A spe-
cial federal court of equity exonerated
the International Harvester company
of trust charges, and Secretary of Ag-
Jardine dismissed the federal
charges. against the merger OF the Ar
mour and Morris packing concerns. VIC
lent fluctuations of prices on the Chi
cago Board of Trade aroused the ire OF
farmers and of Secretary Jardine, and
at his insistence the board in October
adopted stringent rules to prevent
price manipulation.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31

Nejd and leader Of the Wahabls. Ibn
captured Mecca, but was defeated by
Ali at Jeddah.
Captain AInundsen made a spectac-
ular attehpt to fly over the North pole,
hopping off from ~Spitzbergen with two
planes on May 81. The expedition
succeeded In getting within 100 miles
of the pole but was forced to descend
and lost n of the planes. After
great h%ardships the intrepid explorers
returned to Spitzbergen on June is.
Latin America had a comparative
ly u%neventfuI year, which means there
were fewer revolutions than usual.
On January % the navy junta govern
ment of Chile was o%verthrown by army
officers and a few days later the army
and navy reached a peaceful agree
ment and recalled President Alessan-
dri from his voluntary exile In Eu-
rope. In October <lessandri re-
signed and was succeeded by Emlliano
Figueroa. Solarzano was inaugurated
President of Nicaragua in January,
and Barahona of Honduras. On Au-
gust 3 the AmSrican marines were
withdrawn from Nicaragua after
keeping the peace tsAre for II years.
In Bolivia Jose VILLAIN Nva was elected
President but would not promise sub
serviance to the party of President
~Saavedra, so at the instance of the
latter the congress declared the cleo
tion void. On September 8 Saavedra
turned over the office of chief execu-
tive to the president of the senate
and new elections were ordered.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31
FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Politics In Great Britain were not
especially eventful. The Liberal party
recovered somewhat from its crushing
defeat in the elections of 1924, and
Herbert Asquith, who was raised to
the peerage as the earl of Oxford.
was continued as it's leader. Lloyd
George pledged to him his unqualified
loyalty. The Labor party did all
in It's power to combat the Baldwin
government but was itself badly split
between radicals and conservatives.
All these parties and elements ex-
cept the radical Laborites were kept
busy fighting the schemes of the Com
munists. The government refused to
admit foreign Communists to the
country to attend the conference of
the British Communist party in Glas-
cow. and later Cancelled the permits
of many Communists to live In Great
Britain.
What was called one of the most
important events in the postwar his
tory of the British empire occurred
on April %, when Great Britain re.
turned to the gold standard. Aus
tralia and New Zealand took this
step at the same time and the Union
of South Africa followed suit on July
l.. Canada was already back on a
gold basis, so that at the mid-year the
currency of the entire empire was
virtually on a pre-war footing.
Frances troubles. aside from the
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31
DISASTERS

Nature was not kind to the human
race during the year, for earthquakes,
tornadoes and floods took heavy toll
of lives and property. In the United
States the spectacular disaster was
the destruction of the great navy diri-
gible Shenandoah In a storm over
Ohio on September 8 as the airship
was on her way to some state fairs
in the Middle West. Commander
Zachary Lansdowne and 10 men
of his crew were killed. Another mis-
fortune befell the navy on September
"a when the submarine S-51 was
rammed by a steamship off the Rhode
Island coast and went down with 33
men. Among other disasters were
these: In February: Mine explosion
in Dortmund, Germany, killed 1873;
Kansas City live stock pavilion and
motor show burned, the loss being
81. 100000; mine explosion at Sullivan,
Ind, killed 81. In March Thousands
died in earthquake in central China
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31

tornadoes in southern Illinois, Indiana.
Missouri, Tennessee and Alabama
killed about 800. In May: Mississippi
river steamer capsized. % drowning /;
destructive earthquake on Japan's
west coast; explosion in North Caro-
lima coal mine killed 80. In June
Seventeen killed by mine explosion at
Sturgis, KY, 40 killed in train wreck
in New Jersey earthquake wrecked
Santa Barbara. Cal, killing IL and
destroying $25, 100000 in property. In
July: Fifty killed by collapse of dance
hall In Boston. In August: Fifty
killed by boiler explosion on excur-
sion steamer near Newport, r. l.;
Italian submarine lost with crew of
40. In September: Mine explosion in
Corea killed $50. In October: Eight
cen killed in train wreck near Mem
phis, Tenn. In November: British
submarine lost with crew of s; three
million dollar fire on New Orleans
docks; west coast of Florida ravaged
by storms. In December: Fifty-three
miners killed by gas explosion near
Birmingham, Ala.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31

AFFAIRS

Prompted by Great Britain, the Ger
man government suggested the inter
national conference that finally re-
suited in the Locarno treaties, but
there were months of conversations"
exchanges of notes and secret talks
before the great fact was accom-
plished. BRAND was forced to move
cautiously because of political compli-
cations, and Luther and Stresemann
always had the i~rreconcilable German
Nationalist to contend with. 1t was
on October 5 that the foreign minis
ters of France. Germany, Great Brit
ain, Belgium, Italy, Poland and Czecho-
slovakia came together in the little
Swiss town of Locarno. Eleven days
later they had completed their task,
and on December l the momentous
treaties were formally signed in Lon
don. The main treaty, known as the
security pact, binds France and Ger
many and Belgium to respect the
boundaries between those countries
as fixed by the Treaty of Versailles
each promises not to attack either of
the others; and Great Britain and
Italy guarantee the inviolability OF
the frontiers. Provision is made for
referring disputes to a Cancellation
commission, the permanent court of
international justice or the council of
the league. Arbitration treaties were
signed between Germany and Poland
nd Germany and Czechosloyakia, and
in subsidiary pacts France guaranteed
ihe carrying out Of these. The allies
tade immediate plans for speeding
III the evaclatioR of Tire Cologne area
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31

the senator's opposed the seating Of
Mr.. Nye on the ground that the gov
ernor had no right, under the state
constitution, to fill a senatorial va
cancy. Senator Ralston of Indiana, a
Democratic wheelhorse, died October
ii and A. r. Robinson, Republican, was
appointed to fill the vacancy. Senator
Spencer Of Missouri also passed away
and his place was filed by George H.
Williams.
One of the most spectacular political
battles of recent times was that waged
for the mayoralty of New York. 1t be-
gan with a hot contest for the Demo-
cratic nomination between Gov. Al
Smith and Tammany, whose choice
was State Senator Jimmy" Walker
and the Hearst following, which urged
the denomination of Mayor Hylan.
Tammany won out, and in the election
Walker was easily the victor over f.
D. Waterman, the Republican nominee.
Col. William Mitchell, by his deter
mined fight to improve the air sery-
ice of the army and navy, made his
name a household word. Early in the
year his outspoken criticisms of his
superiors resulted in his removal from
the office of assistant chief of the
army air service, but he kept or talk
ing and writing until the War depart
ment had to order his trial by court
martial. Meanwhile the President had
appointed a special board to inquire
into the condition of the air service,
and this board, after lengthy hearings,
made a report upholding Mitchell in
many of his criticisms. 1t condemned,
however, his pet scheme for making
the air service an Independent depart
ment.
Having no warfare, no really serious
business or economic troubles, and not
much in the way Of politics, the peo-
pie of the United States devoted a
great deal of attention to prohibition,
its enforcement and its violation. 1t
could not be denied that the dry law
was not being thoroughly enforced, so
in June General Andrews, assistant sec
rotary Of the treasury, was put in full
of the job. He made a sweep
ing reorganization of the federal en-
forcement machinery, depriving Pro
hibition Commissioner Haynes of most
of his powers and dividing the country
into "a districts with administrators re-
sponsible to him.
There is little need to remind read
ers of the Scopes trial in Dayton,
in which the school teacher was
convicted of violating the state law for
bidding the teaching of any theory OF
the origin of mankind contrary to that
found in the Bible. With William Jen-
nings Bryan leading the prosecution
and Clarence barrow, Chicago atheist,
as chief counsel for the defense, the
was between fundamental1sm
and liberalism, and the people OF the
learned more about Charles
and the theory OF evolution
than they would otherwise In a life
line. However, there could be no "de-
,ision" In this contest. Mr.. Scopes
VAS found guilty on his W admission
hat he had violated the law. Only a
days after the close Of the trial, on
July 20, Mr.. Bryan was found dead In
led.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31
BY EDWARD w. PlcKARD


Standing far above all other events
of the year 1925 is the signing of the
LocarnO treaties. Though they do not
mean the immediate coming of the
millennium, they do meal that the
European powers have decided that
war does not pay, and they give to
western Europe at least a measurable
assurance of security and peace. This
holds good so long as the signatory
powers keep the promises made in the
pacts, and should any of them fail to
do so, the League of Nations is ready
to step in. Germany has resumed
her place in the family of nations,
and as the year drew to a close there
was great hope that soviet Russia
would abandon her voluntary isola-
ton and consent to closer association
with the "capitalistic powers" that
she has so long condemned. LOcarnO
was a magnificent triumph for Aus
ten Chamberlain, Aristide BRAND, DR..
Hans Luther and Herr Stresemann
the statesmen mainly responsible for
the treaties, and for the legislators
and people in their respective coun-
tries who gave them hearty support.
Another important development of
the a was the growing revolt of
Islam against the rule Of Christian
powers. This manifested itself espe-
cially in the war in the Riff main
tanned against France and Spain
throughout the year by Abd-el Krim,
and in the rebellion against the
French regime in Syria. The latter
was primarily carried on by the
Druses, nonmoslem tribeslnen, but the
Mohammedan Arabs took at times an
active part In it.. Turkey took war
like measures because she was on
vinced the League of Nations would
decide the Mosul dispute In favor Of
Great Britain; and in Egypt there was
unrest that occasionally broke out into
violence.
Twelve more months of almost in
cessant civil warfare, complicated by
Bolshevik plotting and threatened up
risings against foreigners, was the
record of China. Nevertheless the
NOhSAa 6OfClh luCAb Woo
and the international conference at
Peking held out some promise of set
Ting the affairs of the distracted
country.
The United States was blessed with
general prosperity and progress dur
ing the year, and this was reflected I'm
the bill introduced In the Sixty-ninth
congress providing for reduction of
which would reduce the nation
al revenue by 1925, 10000. Enforce
ment of the prohibition law continued
to be a serious problem, but toward
end of the year the government
a new policy that promised
to go far toward keeping Illicit liquor
of the country. During many
a storm ragged around the air
services of the army and navy, due
to the sensational charges
made by Col. William Mitchell. for
which he was tried by court-martial,
and suspended for five years. His
plan of an Independent department
Of aviation was turned down by
a board of inquiry appointed by the
President. The controversy was ac-
,entuated by the tragic destruction of
he dirlgible Shenandoah in a storm
md by the failure of an attempted
nonstop airplane flight to Hawaii.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1925-12-31
EVENTS OF 1925
seen IN review
Noteworthy Happenings of
the Past Year in the
United States and
Elsewhere.
PACT SIGNED

Powers of Western Europe Make
Treaties That Promise Security
and Peace-Revolt of Islam Is
Growing-Prosperity and Tax
Reduction for Americans
Storm over Air Service.
, 1925-02-13
Fortune Telling
Tabooed by King
OF Gypsy Tribes

NEW YORK. Feb. 10. - King
Frank. newly crowned monarch OF
the Gypsies in America, who lives
in the Har.on section of the New
York. announces as the keynote OF
his policy that his subjects must
stop fortune telling. He also advo-
Gates that his people settle. vote and
send their children to school. II il
NIL right for them to practice phren.
ology. however.
The king. whose title and jurisdic.
zion are based on customs and laws
extending back to the middle nges.
advocates the abolition OF customs
that the Gypsies have followed for
centuries. The king is quite a mod
ern person who wears long trousers
and no crown and IL known In pri.
vate life as Frank Mitchell.
The diotum when a fortune telling
Is claased under the head Of foreign
policy because Il is here that King
Franks subjects have their great DIFF
ficulties with tho constituents of
Uncle Sam.
, 1925-02-13

viii. it is predicted, attract one OF
the largest crowds of parents and
those interested in the doing of boys
ever to gather in this city.
Everything from knot tieing to
fire making without matches will
feature the jamboree. Contest will
follow contest and new records in
speed and clever accomplishment are
looked for.
With IT troops participating, the
program is expected to be a large
and lively one.
Among other things Gaylen Wood
Of troop number 10 is to be pre-
scented an Eagle badge. He will have
the dis tinction Of being the third
lad in the local organization to be
awarded that honor. r. S. Ellison.
president of the Casper council. Is
TO make the presentation. During
the evening troop number 2 will re-
ceive its trophy for having been de-
clared winner Of the window decorat-
ing contest for three successive
years.
Twenty prominent Douglas citi.
zens are to be in attendance at the
Jamboree. according to a letter re-
ceived by Henry e. Perkins. This
delegation will be here for the pur-
pose of learning more about scout
activities so hat similar work may
be successfully instituted in Doug
las.
, 1925-02-13
Midwest Teachers
Enrolled 100 Per
Cent With N. E. 4.

WASHINGTON. D. C.. Feb. ia.
to the Tribune).-One
hundred per cent OF the teachers
OF tho Midwest school. Midwest.
Wyoming. are enrolled In the Ma
tional Education association. accord
ing TO a report received today by
Mr.. ]. w. crabtree. secretary Of
tho association. from Mrs. A. d. OIL
son, tho principal In a letter to
Mrs. Olson. Mrs. Crabtree says:
THE officers OF the association
congratulate you and your fellow
workers on this 100 per cent rec
ord OF membership in the National
Education association. II Is n fine
showing and means that you nppre-
oiato tho Importance OF an alert,
woll-trninsd, and responsible teach
ing profession. You VIII soon re-
ceive the special certificates grant
cd by tho executive committee to
schools which have enrolled all
their teachers"
Tho National Education associa,
tion was organized in 1857. Through
it's efforts the United States Bureau
OF Education was established. 1t
has icd in the movement for VOL.
trained, adequately paid. properly
certificatod teachers for all schools.
, 1925-02-13
JUDGE KENNEDY
ALLOWS 10 DAYS
TO FILE BRIEFS
Decision on Evictment
to be Handed Down
Late this Month

"It is unfortunate that in
Wyoming land is so scarce
that the courts are frequent
ly called upon to decide how
two persons can have the
same plot of ground at the
time" remarked Judge 7. Blake
Kennedy with faoetious arcasm yes
terday afternoon in federal court at
the conclusion Of the Lavoye con
tempt proceedings by way of pre-
side to the request that attorneys
for both the government and the
SIX alleged ~contenders of the Lavoye
evncra;ion decree place in his hands
iv Fehruar:' 81 briefs Of memoranda
of facts md citations of authorities
FOR review,
Tint he did not at once make n
decisl-n as to whether or not Earl
C. BOYLE, J.. r. Scott. A. S. Brown.
r. J. Mosher. c. G. Poole and Leon
ard a. Ward were guilty Of contempt
Of court in not complying with the
decree which April 81 of last year
ordered the wlping out Of the town
Lavoye, was due TO the case being
unique and probably without par
ailel." said the Judge.
II is expected that the decision
viii be made known before March
!. A number of disinterested per
sons who attended the final session
yesterday afternoon expressed the
opinion that the qualifying word
star1aonlft orfII 10 xo-.At1l f-1.. L..
front of "contemners'' by thai time.
| basing their prediction on the as
sumption that only the degree of the
@food faith" of the defendants stands
out now as a concern OF courts in
further considering the case.
Toward the end OF arguments on
the case, It became apparent that
h judge was not inclined to believe
that the tenancy OF the six defend
ants In Lavoye under the landlord.
ship Of Louis p. Lavoye was ter
minated by the refusal to continue
payments OF mi after Layove's fail
ure to secure title to the townsite,
Or this point he engaged in a lengthy
, questioning of A. e. STREET who
Twas most prominent in defending the
alleged contemners.
Contentious Of the prosecution
were that the defendants were ten
ants of l.. p. Lavoye at the time OF
the Issuance Of the decree. and still
are tenants OF his. having failed to
move; and that the decree was an
injunction in rem directed against
the use of the SWL Sec. 1879 by
anyone except the Ohio OIL company,
The first contention OF U. s. Dis
trict Attorney A. d. Walton was Civ
en- a double point. on one hand by
Tho elementary principle Of law
which declares n tenant while using
the property rented continues in that
status ever though payments OF rent
lapse. md that as tenant the occu-
pant Of the property is without right
I TO challenge the title of the landlord.
The other side OF the contention was
bnsed on the Lavoye lease which In
n of Its terms specified that the
Continued on Page Eight
, 1925-02-13
GAS TAX UP BEFORE HOUSE TODAY
Bill to Tax Cats
In Connecticut Is
Given No Support

HARTFORD. Conn. Feb. ia A
bill for taxation OF cats was rigor-
ously opposed at a hearing before n
Connecticut legislative committee.
William H. Fairchild. n Justice of
New Fairfield. declared hat every
pair OF rats permitted to live pro-
duced descendants to the number OF
$50. 709.s42 in three years and that
the surest way to limit the rat pop
ulation was to encourage cats.
He said that II cats were taxed
you'd have to put collars on all the
cats and It would be some job for
the cat wardens."
Mrs. Ellen 7. Lewis. representing
a humane society. deplored the nee
essity of collars for cats because they
would be in danger Of hanging every
time they climbed a tree.
No one favored the bill.
, 1925-02-13

cations bill designed to make the
Edward A. Whitney trust fund for
educational purposes subject to tax
alton. The bill as amended by the
house would make this trust tax
able until such time ms II Is applied
to the purpose for which It was be-
dueathed, which will be when its
accretions increase It TO 81, 900. 900.
The trust will grow TO 81. 900 900 in
about two years, according to esti-
mates supplied the legislature. SEN
timent for taxation Of tho trust at
this tlmo is the result OF the fact
, 1925-02-13
INDUSTRIAL EDITION
OUT SUNDAY FULL OF ACCURATE
DATA0F WYOMING and CASPER

The annual Industrial edition of
the Casper Daily Tribune will make
Its appearance Sunday morning and
those who have been engaged for the
past 90 days in preparing the wealth
of information and statistical data
that will be contained in this years
number are of the opinion that the
1925 Tribune Industrial will be more
imposing and elaborate in its scope
than any of its pr~edecessors- The
edition this year will add another
striking commentary on the strides
taken by this city and state in the
past year.
The annual Industrial edition of
the Tribune is issued regularly each
, 1925-02-13

mon md lay delegates meeting in
in the nave OF tho church.
Those attending tho House of
Church women assembly were nf.
forded a number Of interesting talks
or various subjects. Among those
to address the body wcre tho fol.
lowing:
Mrs. L. s. Taiinfsrro OF Rock
Springs. on tho Girls Friendly 80
cioty of Wyoming; Mira. Armstrong
Of Rock Springs. Mrs. Il. II. Corse
OF Laramie. and Miss May Care
Marsh, secretary of thu national or.
ganization, on different phases Of
tho Same topic; Cannon Samuel e,
, 1925-02-13


year on about the same date and not
in any spasmodically. wyo.
ming people are well aware OF this
fact. however. and are familiar with
the reputation 1t has made in the
past for being authoritative and
worthwhile.
Reservations for copies of this
years number have come in at a
lively rate and resen indications
are that the supply. will be exhaust
ed quickly. Reservations for adver-
Using space have been liberal, ad-
vertisers feeling that in the Trib-
une's special number there is afford
ed an excellent opportunity to reach
Wyoming's public thoroly and com.
pletely.
, 1925-02-13
CASE UNDECIDED
COLLINS Cave
CHRONOLOGY

SAND CAVE. Ky. Feb. 10. By
thu Associated Press).-The chrome.
logical history OF tho heroic efforts
to save Floyd Collins from his un.
foreground prison. follows;
Friday January 3o.-Collins. ex-
ploring Sand Cave. discovered mar
velous subterranean coliseum so
feet high. about 400 feet from en-
trance OF Sand Cave. Climbing out,
Il rock shift pinions his left foot.
January 3i.-Collins' plight is dis
covered by Jewell Estes, son of the
tenant on the farm into which Sand
Cave burrows.
Sunday. February Torches
used to heat stone so 1t car be chip
CONTINUED on Page Elghu
, 1925-02-13
AK MURDERER
PUT TO Death

WHEATON. Illinois. Feb. Ia
John Kammerer. 81. was hanged in
the county jail here today for the
murder OF nm entire family at villa
Park. June 81. 1924. The trap was
sprung at 1O:4i o'clock and three
minutes later Kammerer was pro-
nounced dead.
Before he mounted the scaffold.
Kammerer gave TO Assistant States
Attorney wynna Knoch. his first
complete confession It told that
Kammerer spent tho greater part
Of the day In killing Otto Elder.
Mrs. Elder. and their three little
boys. He used an axe.