davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-06-07
BY ELIZABETH MOVES
HEMPST0NE.
Hankow, China, April "a. 1925.

Hankow, China, April "a, 1925.
T HERE are two descriptive
words that always spring to
mind when thinking of China
or of ants; they are TEEN
ing" and "swarming." China is teem-
ing and swarming with scrawny,
yellow people, like-oh, very like
ants. They are the coolies-the
unskilled laborers; and they are
found everywhere. In the ports they
plod wearily back and forth, to and
from ships. bearing unbelievable
loads: doing the work of horses and
machines. In the cities they dash
about, drawing rickshas or harnessed
to wheelbarrows. On the farms their
only rivals are the big water buffa-
loes-patient, uncomplaining. Sailing
up and down the rivers, on the high
seas, living and dying in sampans
and junks, are the coolies. In the
Summer, glittering with sweat, their
slender naked hacks are bIIrnjShe
Evening star., 1925-06-07

q Ia pounds) of boiled corn meal
with plums In it, -
The third meal is made up of dry
cooked broken rice grains, vegetable
soup and picked turnips, radishes or
rutabagas. The radishes are often
larger than either of the others. They
are washed when gathered and put
down in large tubs or 'gongs," in
saline solution of bean sauce tsoy
sauce), which is cheap and plentiful.
This pickles the radishes and they
keep for months, turning dark and
having tangy flavor much esteemed
by the coolie. 1t has little nourishinS
value. but is a filler. For these things
the least possible cost will be about 70
coppers a day. 600 coppers a month,
which is equivalent to about 81 Mex
lean. The coolie eats no meat, nor
does he drink intoXicants. The food
of the skilled man will be made up of
the rice and corn meal and a little
meat occasionally, but he will eat
more, and a greater variety of vege-
tables. always plentiful and cheap.
THE coolie will, as a rule. buy
second hand clothes, and in year
he will buy one blanket, though this
may last him longer; three suits of
clothes and a hat or two. These
things will cost him about $3.50. His
heaviest expense is for shoes and
socks, which will stand him about
so cents per month. This leaves him
Evening star., 1925-06-07

come in all sizes, from the one de-
scribed, which carries up to 10 hu
man passengers and is pushed by one
coolie, to the huge, clumsy wheeled
wagons piled sky-high with boxes and
bales drawn by 4 to 20 men and
pushed and guided by two or three
more. The men in front pull on long
ropes, chanting and groaning al every
step. The men in back are harnessed
into the shaft by strap that goes
across their shoulders. The impetus
gained by these big trucks is tremen
dous. The coolies in front pull on as
in a coma. lulled by their own voices,
heads down; the men behind are un-
able to see over or around their load,
so sometimes another man has to
walk beside them to direct them. The
other day l saw a cart piled high
with boxes At a corner they were
suddenly stopped to allow a machine
to go by, and the coolies were un-
able to control the wheelbarrow,
which rolled ahead, carried by it's
own weight, with the result that the
boxes fell off; almost burying the men
in front.
Patient Bearers of Heavy Burdens.
Walking down the bund (water-
'front.' of any Chinese port, you see
L
along on bare legs; or that is what
it looks like, because the body of
the coolie is entirely hidden under
his load. His neck Is twisted cruelty,
but he carries on for many blocks
until he reaches the warehouse or is
relieved by another coolie who relays
the huge bale. Though many things
are borne on the head and shoulders,
the most popular method is to swing
the burden on a bamboo pole. A
large stick is split to make an almost
fiat surface, strong and resilient. This
is carried by one man when he has
a load on each end, the center being
placed on his shoulder; or by two
men with the weight swung from the
center. They have a low, monoto-
nous song which might almost be
called the national anthem of China
"Hey.hoh hey-hoh ="
So far. the labor considered has
been that of the streets and farms.
mands for coolie labor in factories
and constructive enterprises. A con-
structive engineer of North China
sums up the economic condition of
the Chinese coolies thus:
Wages, Food and Clothing.
'It is futile to compare the rates
with rates paid in any other coun-
try, for the exchange value does not
enter into the calculation. The point
is: What will this money buy here?
When a contractor keeps his coolies
he provides for them mating to
make sheds in which the men keep
comfortable in winter, which fire.
quently registers temperatures be-
low Fahrenheit zero, and also pro-
vides cook, and for these he charges
the men nothing. But the men are
supposed to police their own camps.
The lowest figure / have been able
to get of the cost of feeding coolies
Is $4 Mex per month. They are
fed three meals a day, at am,
noon and at pm. Twice day
they have a meal Of vegetable soup.
very thin and hot, and about catty
Evening star., 1925-06-07

played in the parlor of the Ebbitt
House and at the Raleigh. August
Schroeder organized the National
Guard Band of the District of Column
bia when Gen. Albert Ordway COM
manded the brigade, and he was in
spector of band instruments for the
United States Government during the
war with Spain. He was a life mem
ber of Naval Masonic Lodge, a mem
ber of the Association of Oldest In
habitants and a member of the Old
Guard. He died June 25, 1918, eighty
two years old. He had more friends
than most men and many of the Ram
blers friends ION the Navy Yard
have told him stories of August
Schroeder'S kindness.
Five of August SchroederS boys
were musicians and still are. The
eldest son, John Christian Schroeder,
was given broad musical schooling
and adopted the piano. He played
in the old Willard Hotel orchestra
and conducted the Raleigh Hotel
orchestra during the years T. J. Tally
was manager of the hotel, retired from
professional music, and since 1888
81 years-has been assistant secre-
tary of the Washington Safe Deposit
Company. l often meet John at
lunch and with George Havenner,
Ed Hasleton of Bradbury Heights,
Ed Scanlon. Bill Cross, "Sid" Wall
berg, Mike Levy and Welby Small
wood, we hold a consortium on
affairs of government. The news
papers, commissioners, congress, and
the President do not always conform
to our decisions and we have thought
of asking them to sit at our table
| and get the right dope on how the
country should be run. We would
like to hand them some knock-ou
reasons why the income tax in the
! higher brackets should be lowered
Every time one of us makes a hun
dred thousand or so we feel that the
! tax is heavy.
| PRANK WILLIAM SCHROEDER
second son of August Schroeder
died in 1894 and had become a musi
clan of merit and experience. He
played in his fathers orchestra and
| was of the Academy of Music orches
! Charles Ernest Schroeder, played with
his father in the old National Theater
| orchestra, was in the Columbia Thea
| ter orchestra for 20 years, and is in
! the National Theater orchestra now.
Raymond Duncan Schroeder, the
| fourth son and eighth child of August
| Schroeder, is one of Washington's emil
nent violinists, conducted the Ebbitt
House orchestra a long time, and is
a music teacher now. Clarence vii
| lard Schroeder. the fifth son, did not
turn to music and has been with the
Norris Peters photo-lithographic com
| pany and the Geological Survey for
| 35 years. The sixth son, Robert Nor
gan Schroeder, was in the Belasco
Theater orchestra several years and
is now of the Soldiers Home Band.
l have mentioned the daughters
Ellie, Leila, Emmie and Rita. There
| was a daughter, Roberta, who died
T>when she was a child, and if I can
| read my notes, there is another daugh.
| ter, Mrs. David w. Bell of Petworth
| No. 431S Ninth street northwest.
Up to this line of my story forgot
| to tell you that August Wilhelm
Schroeder married Miss Altazera Hen
| derson of Green Spring. near Winches
Evening star., 1925-06-07

| by the hot sun; in the Winter. shiv-
selves with filthy rags, eagerly gar
Inered from loathsome scrapheaps. They
| eat whatever they can salvage from
the river or the streets, or scrape to-
gether a few coppers to buy. Labor? L?
The country is swarming with it
cheap Chinese labor, unskilled,
underfed, underpaid - offering it's
strength in backbreaking, heartrend-
ing tasks in order to avert starvation
from day to day. From the souls of
those who see is wrupg the cry:
80 God, that bread should be so dear
And flesh and blood so cheap!
In this article we are looking at
the coolies with Western eyes; con-
sidering their condition in the light
of Western standards; counting their
wages in American money To us
the whole situation is pitiful beyond
belief. They. however, have never
known or hoped for anything diff
ferent. Countless generations have
thus lived and passed on to join their
ancestors, droning rhythmically with
straining muscles-heyhoh, heyhoh. !.
in front of, behind or underneath
heavy loads: conversing shrilly,
laughing loudly, shrieking incessant-
ly for cumShaw, or additional cop
pers; and at the end of each day
shoveling into themselves we'll
earned bowlful of rice and draining
raff nf faa
them-as long as they get their bowl
of rice-'maskee," which is a pidgin
English word derived from the Portu-
guese, meaning, in our vernacular,
Il should worry
China's Farming Coolies.
1t has been estimated that about 20
per cent of Chinas population is en-
gagged in agriculture. OF these farm
coolies the average tourist sees but
little; as the usual trip to China
means a short visit to a treaty port,
leaving the vast interior unexplored.
However, in a drive about the en-
virons of Shanghai you can see many
little truck farms. Enough to satisfy
your eyes and nostrilS, for, unless it
is the torpid stream from which they
water it, there is nothing more of
fensively odoriferous than a Chinese
1arm. rev plotS OF ground can De
seen that have not one or two un-
kempt, grassgrown mounds contain
ing the bones of somebody's ances-
tors, and it would be bad joss to plow
too close to these, though unimagina-
tive cows often Craze placidly on the
tiptop of the grave. You would think
that through their proximity to a big,
progressive city they would have
learned modern methods of farming,
but through ignorance, poverty or
pride they follow the customs Of
their forefathers-their tools anti.
quated, their irrigation crude, their
fertilizer vile. 1t takes but a Whit
from these farms to convince any
scoffer of the necessity of boiling and
sterilizing vegetables and fruits to es.
cape dysentery and cholera-if. in
deed, it does not totally destroy any
Evening star., 1925-06-07

head down, through the streets, and
many an upset takes place, or col
lision, on crowded corners. If you
! manage to reach your destination safe
ly, though with shattered nerves, there
is always the question of paying off
your man. You look at him. He is
ragged, emaciated, dripping with
perspiration; he has an eager, hopeful
appeal in his eyes. After all, you cogi-
tate. it was not his fault that the
streets were so jammed that you al
most gazed upon the face of Death
three times on that short run; but the
guide books say the proper fare is 40
cents an hour, and, as you have only
been 10 minutes, it would not be
quite fair to other foreigners or ricksha
coolies to pay this one too much. In
the end your heart rules your head,
and, smiling in a friendly manner, you
give the man 20 cents and a handful of
coppers. Does he tip his hat and say
THANK you, ma'am." He does not.
He shrieks at you, gesticulates, rushes
at you threateningly. Why? He knows
you are a stranger, unfamiliar with
the proper prices. It is as serious an
error to overpay as it is to underpay.
The only thing to do is to figure the
correct amount, with a few coppers
over, leap hurriedly from the ricksha
Lhc HlollleHl He uIOpS the SIldl Us, mana
him the money murmuring Cum
shaw" to forestall his plea, and dash
into the hotel or store before he has
a chance to complain. Strange char
acters these coolies. Always out, at all
hours of day and night, rain and shine.
For rainy days they wear the big cart
wheel hats and capes of cocoanut
husks; on hot days they wear, If any
thing but rags, loose blue denim coat
and knee-length breeches; legs and
feet bare at all times. Recently they
have started in Shanghai a company
of 'pedicabS," or rickShas drawn by
coolies on bicycles. These men are
smartly uniformed in blue, with the
round, small sized coolie hats trimmed
with red. They receive regular wages,
and must turn in all their earnings to
their employers. The other coolies rent
their rickshas, and sometimes even
sublet them during the day, In ordA-
to get more out of them.
Police Cruelty to Coolies.
The Chinese police are very cruel to
the coolies, kicking and beating them
and snatching their license tags away
from them for the slightest infraction.
So they are always on the defensive.
Very recently, in Hankow, a policeman
in the British concession is alleged to
have kicked a ricksha coolie in the
stomach. The coolie was rushed to the
hospital, where he died an hour later.
The authorities Immediately took ac-
ton, turning the native policeman over
to the Chinese court for trial, and Civ.
ing the family of the man $3.50 and $50
for funeral expenses: but at this time.
with bolshevists crying Down with
the foreigner such an incident par-
ticipated in entirely by natives, is suf-
! ficient to convert into a disastrous
conf1agration the smoldering hatred OF
the white devil" In fact, agttators
have already printed and distributed
inf1ammatory posters demanding that
because of this happening the British
should be made to turn their conces
sion back to the Chinese. Nothing
could be more unfair or absurd, for or
Evening star., 1925-06-07

ter, Va. She was the daughter of
John Towle Henderson and Mary
Ouncan) Henderson, and she died in
July, 1908.
In the old photograph of Schroeder's
orchestra are August w. Schroeder,
Frank Batista, Henry Nieman, de-
ceased; Frank Schroeder, deceased;
Raymond Schroeder, Charles Schroe-
der, Chris. Arth and Charles Thier-
bach, deceased. Names of a few of
the old musicians who played with
Mr.. Schroeder at one time or another
are Henry Nieman, Charles Thier-
bach, William Schminick. Caesar Cam
pagni, John Arth, Joseph Arth, Will
liam Au. Camille Schneider, John Boil,
Philip Nance, Billy Withers. William
Haley, John Bonini, Antonio Pons,
Evening star., 1925-06-07

Hall and it's steamboats,. For Is years
August Schroeder led the National
Theater Orchestra and Schroeder's S
musicians were the orchestra. That
was in the days before stars of the
screen" and scars" of the screen" be-
gan to make 81 1.000.0 a week-ac-
cording to press agents-by register
ing surprise and anger, by dripping
glycerine tears, by jumping four feet
from a History house and by saving
a beautiful mountaineering to the
story-from the raging torrent of a
quiet brook.
Schroeder's Orchestra, played in the
parlor of the old Willard Hotel and
for IA years, from 1901, Mr.. Schroeder
conducted the New Willard Orchestra
For years Schroeder's Orchestra also
Evening star., 1925-06-07

ber's shop" and scores Of similar
cases. We will have to let it be as
"bandsman" till dictionary makers
know better and they will not take
heed of "bandman" till some bold
writer gets 1t into print.
The leader of a band becomes ia
mous-sometimes. 1t depends on the
band. Names of the bandmen re-
main unknown. They may have
given life of work to their art and
some are men of genius They do
that which. most men cannot, and
which the majority of men could not
learn to do. Persons who buy two
phonograph records and have a plate
of sandwiches sent from delicatessen
give musical and luncheon and ret
their names in print. A man with
Evening star., 1925-06-07
Has the Sun a Companion?

WHAT may be genuine companion
to the sun has been discovered
in the constellation of Taurus, the
Bull. according to a study by DIR. W.
j. Layten of the Harvard College OBJ
servatory. The star, which is known
as As Tauri, and just barely visible
to the unaided eye, has been observed
at the Lick Observatory in California,
and the Dominion Astrophysical OBJ
servatory at Victoria, British Colum-
bia. 1t is approaching the sun at a
speed of about half kilometer per
second, which is a very slow velocity,
astronomically speaking. As it's motion
across the sky is also relatively slight
II is believed to be moving through
space with the sun.
Evening star., 1925-06-07
Tax to Support Science.
COMMERCE and industry will

COMMERCE and industry will be
required to contribute to tho
financial support of scientific research
in France If a measure passed by the
Chamber of Deputies is also approved
by the Senate. The bill provides for a
tax of centimes on each 100 francs
paid in salaries by industrial and CON-
mercial concerns. The sum which the
tax would raise for French scientific
laboratories Is estimated at $4,000 900
francs year. This is about ST00 900,
according 10 the present rate of ex-
change.
Evening star., 1925-06-07

Princess of Anchovia when she came
to Washington, and at the picnic
which your Sunday school gave at
Glymont, or Custis Spring, Green
Spring or White House Landing. At
the tournament for the championship
of Southern Maryland or Northern
Virginia, at the coronation ball. at the
oyster roast, the barbecue, lawn fete,
church social or political rally it is
likely that Schroeders Orchestra made
the music.
This orchestra played Sweet Ada
line" and Sweet Marie" when you
sought. and did not always find, Po-
tomac breezes by travelling on the wv
w. Corcoran" and the River Queen. +"
In the Riverside pavilion you danced
to Schroeder's Orchestra. For 35 Sum-
mers it was the orchestra of Marshall
Evening star., 1925-06-07
Schroeder Name in D. c.. Music History
Thousands
by the Ramb of

Vincent st. George, A. Krause.
Frank Lusby. Lemuel Lusby, Louis
Weber, Frank Baptista, John Philip
Sousa, William H Santelmanrl.
Charles Wagner, NJ. Vogel. Amabile
Samuels, NJ. Pistoria, Ed Hig-
gins, James Callan. William Toense,
Albert Tyler. Henry Schui6t, Julius
Schultz, Andrew Coda, Henry Taven-
der, Henry Donch, s. Eopollucci,
Henry Fries, NJ. Scala, Louis Schnei.
der and F. TRAY.
Evening star., 1925-06-07

about $50 per year unaccounted for
Yet he keeps WELL is strong and
works cheerfully for long hours of
hard labor and seems to thrive on
1t. The skilled workman will spend
on clothes about s12; shoes and
socks, s12; hats, 50; blanket. Sc, and
will have to pay about Sc for rent"
Evening star., 1925-06-07
Worlds Lareest Farm.

SIR SIDNEY KIDMAN, the Aus
tralian cattle king, owns what
must be the worlds largest farm. 1t
embraces more than 10000 square
miles, an area roughly equivalent to
the whole of England, less Yorkshire
and Devon.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21
Legal Notices
n. II. Stephens and James @. wilkes.
Attorneys

s 4 & +
IN THE SUPREME COURT or THE
DIcTRICT or SCoLUMBIA. holding
q District Court. IN re: Condemnaticn
e land for sxtension Of sth Place
for place street running east and
west through parcel o7-51. IN the Dis
trict Of Columbia. District Court NO.
Iss4. Notice and order Of publication.
Notice r hereby given that the Commits
sionefs OF the District Of Columbia,
pursuant 70 the provisions Of section
Code or Law for the District Of Column
bia, have filed petition in this court
praying for the condemnation Of the land
necessary for the extension Of 9TH
Place Northwest. south Of Quincy
Street, and for place street running
east and west through parcel 97-s1. in
a plat or map filed with the said petit.
tion AZ part thereof and praying also
that this Court sEnpanel jury In
in such cases to assess the damages
each owner OF land to be taken may
tSs tSssaR antd y street ana te
Of the land necessary for the purposes
thereof, and to assess as benefits result
ing therefrOm the entire amount o1
these proceedings. upon each lot or part
OF lot or parcel OF land, which viii pc
benefited BY said extension IN the pro-
said lots, parts Of lots or parcels Of
land will be benefited as provided for.
In and by the 81ofoDaI0 EO0e OF Law.
IL is By the Court this 18th day Of
May, 1925. ORDERED that all perscns
having any interest in these proceedtngs
be. and they are hereby. warned and
commanded 10 appear In this Court on
or before the 25th day OF May. 1925,
at ten o'clock q. mi, ana continue IN
attendance until the Court shall have
made It's final order ratifying and con-
firming the award Of damages and the
assessment Of benefits OF the jury 70
be empaneled and sworn herein; and Il
Is further ORDERED. that q copy Of
this notice and order be publishod twice
3 week for two successive weeks IN the
washington Evening Star, the Wash
ington Post and the Washington TimeP,
newspapers published In the said Dis
trict. commencing at least ten days
before the said 25th day OF May 1875.
1t is further ORDERED. that q copy
Of this notice and order be served by
the United States Marshal. or his depu-
ties, upon each Of the owners Of the
fee OF the land to be condemned herein
as may be found by the said Marshal.
or HIS deputies. within the District Of
Columbia, before the said 25th day Of
May, 1926. BY the Court. WILLIAM
HITZ, Justice. (Sea1). A true copy.
Test4 MORGAN III. BEACH. Clerk.
BY S. r. BEACH. Assistant Clerk.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21

BUNGALOW-4-room near con-
crete road and bus. 500 cash,
$3.50 per month. Phone own
er, Hyattsville, 712.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21
Bids and Proposals

coMMIssIoNERs, b. c.. washington.
May 10. 1925. Sealed proposals. will
be received at Room 500. District Build
inf, until Q o'clock p. NJ, May 28, 1875.
for laying cement sidewalks. Detailed
information at Room AT. District
Building.
On ERS, ID. c., Washington.
May 20, 1925. Sealed proposals will
be received at Room 500 District Build
ing, until o'clock p. M, June 3, 1875.
for furnishing one pump, steam, fire.
for use at Garbage Reduction Plant.
Detailed information at Room $40.
District Building.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21
HOUSEHOLD GOODS

o-ROOM Set. golden oak 1918
AhaR -. W. &s dealers. Ad. 1854.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21

COLORED
THE HONEYMOON BUNGALOW is
now ready for the newly married.
$4,000. $3.50 cash, payments easy.
See this quick. Mr.. Weeks 1928 9th
st. N w. or r: johnson. 61st and
Dix sts N. F., H ct. cars
CHERRYDALE, VA.-Well- built new g.
room houses, porch. complete in every
respect; gas, electricity, with or with
out garage; miles from Key Bridge.
Call Thos. c. Hendricks Co., Cherry
dale Clar 247-W-2.
The Washington times., 1925-05-21
Live Stock
Miscellaneous
|BUMDING MATERIALS

ARoOM outfit. kitchen sink. toilet
Iit, water pipe. gas water heaters
kitchen boilers. toilet seats, cleo
fixtures for every room in your
be, steel beams. brick. doors and
D, lumber. salVaged and new;
pt, roofing, corrugated iron, wall
IDS. fireproof plaster boards. This
pany carries q clean. well-selected
'k Of all materials from founda-
xos TSot ha1,d,n a1H permits an,. ySS s onS 70
y at the right price, without loss
lime. sidney HechingeT Houss
fking Co.. Camp Meigs, 9th and
da Ave. N. e. Main office. 9Th
c SITS. 8 w. Inspection invited
biishsd IL years in Washington.
OMICAL BUILDING MATERIALS
hington Wrecking & Supply Co.
Jth. = and Water SITS. S.W. Fr.
'At the Seventh st. Wharves."
The Washington times., 1925-05-21

BUSINESS EQUIPMENT S.
brand new Corona -four" type
bgB: single shift; standard four.
Offtse keyboard: 81 month; 3
hE. SIC: special student rates.
CORONA TYPEWRJTER
COMPANY. INC.
X 81 ~ W. Prank 6see-
The Washington times., 1925-05-21
ESTABLISHED BUSINESS

unusual safety that has yielded
> Of more than 30 per cent per
|un for the last years and
len Invites the most rigid In
~ to satisfactory party who
$1,000 or more to invest VIII
with principals only. For full
rmation send your address and
phone number to Washington
e6 and Herald. Box A-245.