davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Permanent Court
Has League Tinge
View of Sen. BOrah

Chicago, Oct. 20 (AP)-The
permanent court of international
justice as at present constituted is
not world court, but league of
nations court, Senator William E.
Borah of Idaho, declared in an adj
dress tonight.
The Senator, who is chairman of
the Senate Foreign Relations COM
mittee, opposed American adherence
to the tribunal until it is diverted
from the league of nations and given
a foundation of international law
which will declare war a crime and
provide for bringing to justice fom-
enters of war.
He spoke to two thousand persons
at the Auditorium Theatre under the
auspices of the Women's Roosevelt
Republican Club. 1t was the OPEN
ing broadside of his campaign
against the court.
Senator Borah asserted the issue
was whether the United States
would enter a league of nations
court or IAN independent judicial
tribunal"
The senator quoted many sources
TO show that the present tribunal is
a part of the league of nations. He
said that when the secretary of the
league called together the jurists
constituting the committee that or
ganized the court, they were notified
that they We're to organize an eS-
sential department of the league.
He added that until the United
States adherence was preached,
there was no question of the league
connection with the court. Sir Rob-
ert Horne, speaking at the inter-
parliamentary union in Washington,
had said that although the United
States had refused to join the league
1t still was hoped she would join
the most important part of the
league-the court" s..
Particular attack was made by tho
Senator upon the courts advisory
opinions. He called attention to an
Associated Press dispatch from The
Hague last Sunday night stating that
the court would meet in private on
october - to consider the Mosul
question.
IF the court is to obtain the
worlds confidence" the Senator de-
clared, it would have to separate it.
self from the role of attorney and
adviser"
If the European diplomats had
commence in the court, he contin-
ued, the Locarno treaties would
nave been put under its jurisdiction,
instead of council.
A real world court. the senator
argued. must be founded upon in
ternational law, chief among whose
articles would be a clause defining
war as a crime and providing that
those men responsible for war be
held accountable to the court. He
would give the court compulsory
power to bring to justice a wrong
downing nation
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
No Gray. Hair
No falling hair, no dandruft
BY Edna Wallace Hopper

Mine is grandmother age, but
my hair is glory. l have never had
falling hair or dandruff, and never a
touch of gray. My hair is thick and
luxuriant, finer far than 40 years ago.
Yet as a girl 1t was scant.
That is because ] searched the
world for the best hair helps men
know. And l have kept up to date.
Every new hair help has been
brought to me. No woman in the
world has spent what have to at
tain luxuriant hair.
Now I have combined those helps
in a product called Hair Youth. It
contains many ingredients, concen-
trated. apply it with an eyedrop-
per, directly to the scalp.
There 1t combats the hardened oil
and 'dandruff which stifle hair roots.
1t tones and stimulates the scalp. 1t
keeps the scalp healthy and clean.
That is all you can do. The scalp
is like q garden. 1t must be cleaned,
it must be cultivated. Then hair
will thrive as flowers thrive in a
well-kept garden.
Here is the best men know, all
combined In a single tonic. You
apply 1t in a minute. And YOU know
you are doing all that science can
do for the hair.
My hair shows one result So /
know that every woman, every man,
can obtain from Hair Youth bene-
fits nothing else can bring.
Edna Wallace Hopper's Hair Youth Is
now supplied by all toilet counters at soc
and u with eyedropper. But I will gladly
send You sample II you will mail this
coupon. Do that to learn how the great
est treatment in existence can beneit your
hair.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
More Passengers
Tell of Drunken
Crew on COmanche

Jacksonville, Fla, Oct. 90 - Icy
the Associated Press 49, Sensational
charges, tending to corroborate state
ments in New York by passengers CT
the Comanche. which burned last
Saturday night off Mayport, were
made by three passengers testifying
before a court of investigation here
this afternoon, called by General
George Uhler, supervisor inspector
general, and Captain George Herney'
supervisor Of the third district. U. s.
steamboat inspection service. Cap
tain E. E. Curry, OF the Comanche,
at the morning session. denied state
ments that the crew acted in an I'M
seamanlike manner. and that mem
bers of the crew were drunk and
panicky during the fire.
The three passengers Were Fred
Rau, of Patterson, n. j., and Adolph
Jackncke and Bertolde Mayer. both
OF Jacksonville.
Charges that "whiskey bottles
flashed" following the discovery OF
the FIRE, that some Of the crew in
lowering and getting the lifeboats
from the Comanche did not obey or
ders and that crew members in tho
boat in which he escaped fought
among themselves, were made by
Rau He charged that the operators
of the lifeboat did not know where
the signal flares were kept.
Jachncke and Mayer, young sail
ors, testified there seemed no panic
among the passengers. Both declared
that they saw no officers and that
negroes were in charge of the low
ering Of the boats.
Jachncke said those lowering the
boats did not seem to know how TO
handle them.
They were on board one Of the life
boats which was crushed between
the Reaper and the Comanche. bat
were not injured.
Captain Curry denied that the
members of the crew were drunk
with the exception OF one person, "a
negro waiter
The officers supported the captains
testimony that the order of children
and women first" was rigidly observ-
ed during the lifeboat lowering.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Old and New Oratory

DIR Henry Van Dyke, the famous
clergyman-au author, said at a Prince
ton dinner:
There are two kinds Of oratory
The best kind is the simplest; it's
modern; and | once heard an orator
explain it thus:
First tell them what you're going
to tell them then tell them: and
then tell them what you've told
them
"Old 81 Hosllins, in the general
store, used to bra@ about the other
kind of oratory.
We don't have no sech oratory
as we useter.' 81 would say. Orators
don't crate now. They jest gable.
But take old Bill X. Simmons. the
forensic luminary of Paint Rock
IL Bill was defendin' lowly chicken
thief he'd speak with the tongue of
angels. I'll never fergit the per-
Grafton of his philippe in the Clay
Bull case about the cat poisonin
1t run like this here.
And the little, thin old man would
rise from his seat on the nail key,
rear back in defiant attitude. lift
his skinny arm high, and yell in the
cracked treble of age:
Restim' upon the couch of Re-
publican liberty as 1 do, covered with
the blanket of constitutional
panoply as am, and protected by
the aegis of American equality as |
feel myself to he, I despise the buzz
Tin of the professional inseck what
has just sot down. and defy his at
tempt to penetrate with his puny
sting the interstices of me i'm
pervious coverin'.""
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
fUDGE..MAkERS>

CHICAGO-Tea guzzling among goods is passe
So are salad feasts A new kind of party called
fudge shine" is the latest wrinkle.
Fudge parties have come back strong. Fudge has
kick that nothing else gives, the goods say.
There is an awful wallop in platter Of fudge.
explained Miss Meta H. Given. who is post
graduate student in the home economics depart
ment at the University Of Chicago. Fudge Is one
of the greatest sources Of energy there Is because
It contains both milk the perfect food, and sugar.
Miss Given is more than an ordinary authority
on the subject since she has just been awarded the
blue ribbon, or whatever it is they give champion
fudge makers, for her recipe for cholocate fudge
Here it is w --.,sras~xssf sssse'sss -
Ingredients - Two squares of chocolate, one
tablespoonful of corn syrup two cups OF sugar two
tablespoonful Of butter. three quarters of cup OF
evaporated milk, one-half cup of water. pinch OF
salt and one-half teaspoonful of vanilla.
Shave the chocolate fine. says Miss Ovens
recipe, land put into saucepan With lan the
other ingredients except the vanilla; Boil until
Cool in cold water until the bottom of the pan
comfortable to the hand. After adding the VI
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Wing Of Water
Vile and Mr.. and Mrs. Irving Wing
and three children of Lewiston.
James Machines has returned from
a business trip to Boston.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. G.. Williams OF
Winnegance were Sunday guests OF
Mr.. and Mrs. WI. Bonney.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. L. Russell of Bath
were weekend guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. II. S. Homes
Miss Attalie Gale Of Augusta Is
visiting in town. :,
Mrs. John Young and son Russell
and Mrs. Sophia Fossett are passing
few days in Portland.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Carson nave
returned from visit in st. Adams.
Mrs. Emma Burr and Mrs. Stephen
Belden and little daughters. Gertrude
and Josephine, were dinner guests
Friday of Mrs. Rose Parker.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Fl. Farr uf
Kennebunkport with Mrs. Farr
brother. Fred Drown, and Orville
Hanson were Sunday guests of Mrs
Parker.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Opposition Opens
Continued from Page one)

connected with the telephone industry.
Appearance in opposition included At
torneys William r. Pattangall of Au-
gusta and Frank B. Marshall Of Port
land, representing the Maine Hotel
mems Association; Edmund II. NC
Donald, secretary of the Portland
Chamber of Commerce: DR.. Albert w.
Plummer. representing the LISBON
Falls Board of Trade; Grover WEIGH
city collector of Westbrook, and Attor-
ney Word H. Brigham of that city.
Argument was presented by Attor-
new George r. Grant Of Boston, gem
eral counsel for the New England
phone company, regarding the justin
cation and necessity of the proposed
phone rates which approximate 10
ner cent. increase. Attorney Grant
will conclude his argument at the con-
tnuation of the hearing this morning.
Cross Examine Commercial Manager
At the resumption of the hearing
Yesterday morning in the Senate cham
her. l.. N. Whitney of Boston, general
commercial manager of the New Eng
land Telephone & Telegraph Company,
was cross-examined by City Solicitor
WEIGH of Westbrook.
Regardine the increases of rs cents
FOR residence telephone service In the
city of Westbrook, Mr.. Whitney tes-
titled that Portland has $4,000 stations
while Westbrook has 1900, and that
the reason for the increase in west
brook is due to the fact that the pres
ent relation between business ana resi-
Dental rates is nearer what 1t should
he in Portland than in Westbrook.
There has been no change proposed III
the Portland residence rate.
He pointed out that 10 per cent OF
the Westbrools subscribers would pre-
fer q low exchange service rate ana
nav tolls for calls to Portland While
oniv 4 small minority would prefer to
nav the district rates. Under the new
plan Portland and Westbrook are to
be made two separate phone eX-
changes and there will be toll charge
between. He said that the company
is trying to correct irregularities ana
injustices that appear in phone rates.
Secretary Mcdonald of Portland c.
of G.
Secretary Edmund H. Mcdonald
of the Portland Chamber OF Com
nerce testified that there had been
meetings of Portland business men
called by the Chamber of Com
merce of that city and that 1t was
their opinion that the decided in
crease in rates is going to be a real
hardship on business. A survey
made of many of the large business
houses in Portland which will be
affected showed that there will be
substantial increases for phone SER
vice ranging from 10 to Sc per cent.
Fred H. Drinkwater. publicity dir
ector for the E. II. Watkins Com
pany, dyers and cleansers of Port
land, said that the phone rate in
crease for that concern will be about
30 per cent and their telephone bill
is about So per month. Represent
ing the Falmouth Hotel, Harry A.
Bridges. manager, said that the In
crease for the year on fixed charges
there will amount to IS per cent.
The monthly telephone bill on fixed
charges at the hotel is $111.59. A.
L. Laughlin of the Milliken- Tomlin-
son Company of Portland stated his
belief that the telephone company
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Common Household Medicine.

otherwise known as "simples'' have
Tor centuries been derived from me-
oicinal roots and herbs. They are
stiil used and recognized by many of
our pest physicians as uneuualled
Tor certain ailments. In many coun-
tries roots and herbs are cultivated
purely for commercial purposes. It is
SAD that the Lydia E. Pinkham
Medicine Co, of Lynn, Mass, is the
greatest user of crude herbs in this
country. The success of their Vege-
tapie compound for ailments of wom-
en- is now world wide, and II will
certainly pay any woman who suffers
from any ailment peculiar to her sex
to try it. -.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
AUGUSTA LOCALS
Funeral of John c. Houlehan

\ Funeral services for the late John
C. Houlehan were held Tuesday
morning at o'clock from st. Marys
Catholic church and were attended
by a large number of friends from
this city and also many from Gar
diner and Togus. A high requiem
mass was celebrated by Rev. Joseph
r. MCGOWAN, and Mrs. Margaret Per-
kins ably presided at the organ. The
bearers were William p. Mcnamara
and John Cunningham of Gardiner.
and Thomas A. Brennan and George
Fletcher of Augusta. 1nterment was
in the family lot at Gardiner.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
LIBERTY

Harris Twitchell and sister Eva
were auto visitors in Waterville last
week.
Mrs. Baker who has been house.
keeper at the home of Olin Marden
has gone to Brockton.
Mr. Donahue of Belfast held a
poultry demonstration one day last
week at the home of Claude Knowl-
ton. Quite a number who are inter-
ested in that line were present.
Mrs. Gertrude Ripley left last week
for Danvers. Mass.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Morse of Rich
mond were Sunday guests at the
Lamson home.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
EAST WINTHROP

The Thursday club will meet with
Mrs. Gertrude Skenc on Thursday
afternoon. Roll call, quotations from
Edgar Guest.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. A. Bowie Of
woodfords are visiting at W. II
Titus.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. B. Atwood Of
Chocorua, n. H., visited at Z. "A
Writings the last of the week.
Mr.. Luce and family of Winthrop
Center have moved into the house re-
Gently occupied by E. j. Mumford.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Jewett CT
Swampscott, Mass, were weekend
guests at Harry wilkins.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

Nothing else in Europe surprises
American tourists more than the I'M
abashed use of the toothpick. The
best dressed women in Continental
restaurants of the expensive type APP
parently regard the toothpick as no
more reprehensible for public display
imam knife or fork. Yet it was
not many years ago that Americans
outgrew the habit of cleaning teeth
IN pubic. Half century ago the
dandies of New York had gold tooth
PICKS fastened to their watch chains.
sometimes they were set with dia-
monds or other precious stones. Jew
eiers had trays of them at all prices.
They sold by hundreds, but if would
be hard to pick up many of them
today.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

Need for tax reform, particularly
where it affects the motoring public.
Is stressed by Congressman Frank
W. Mondell of Washington at the
44th annual convention of the Amer
lean Electric Railway Association in
Atlantic City Exhibition of luxuri-
GUS modern buses features conyen-
tion.-;Automotive Daily News.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
chris.m,, e

Alaska has q nv ~, A
of supplying reln inc ,,ls|
celebrations in the n,s /. n
United states. la ~ !
hesna is on its w. w. ]
with seventy-five ! ~ M
Eskimo herders 70 i n
The business mign.., ~ n
ter than hunting 81, ~ "A
for conversion ili'o sotIs|
Laplanders use tn e s 4
as beasts of dr avn, d
and depend OF, !, USE y
products. In the Se.aSsds !
YER regions Of ssssirp|
herds ready to De ssSIsrl |
dor and Newfoll.la,o rssi
who live there an y Ri
with the teams son q B, !
he restrained fron.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Little Laugh. From London

Cook (being engaged)-And, of
course, ma'am, shall require a re-
serve ear-piece on your wireless set.
London Opinion.
MIR. Ford is making cheap engines
Tor airplanes. Unwary pedestrians
Will soon know what it is to receive
bolts from the blue.-Passing show.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
NEWS BRIEFS

Boston, Oct. 20.-(AP)-James Luna
and John Hamilton, inmates of the
Charlestown state prison. who assault
ed guard in an attempt to, escape
during Sunday service last Septem-
oer' were found guilty today in the
superior court of assault with dan
serous weapon. Each was sentenced
to two and half years In the house of
correction. The sentences will take
effect after the men have served their
present terms of imprisonment. These
are both for highway robbery, Luna s
term being from IS to % years and
Hamilton's from II to Is.
London. Oct 20.-(AP)-Austen
Chamberlain, Great Britains foreign
secretary, received warm welcome on
his return tonight from Locarno,
where he played leading part in the
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
JEFFERSON

NORTH-There will be church SER
vices October 25 at the Brown Town
school house at 1890 A. NJ, 230 p.
NJ. and z P. NJ, held by Mrs. Clyde
Tlllson of Belgrade. All welcome.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Literary Club Meets

The Winthrop Literary Club met
MONDAY evening at the home of Mrs.
y. L., Andrews, with a very good at
tendance. The meeting was opened
by the president, Mrs. A. e. Snow.
VINO gave a very interesting and de-
talied account of the Federation held
last week at Bangor. MANY of the
thoughts brought out at the meeting
at Bangor were taken up by the Lit
erary club.
Mrs. Ray Riley was elected as
PUBLICITY committee and the club
voted to go on record as taking up
constructive work. The roll call wa s
answered by naming noted Maine
men. The general subject was
Maine Humorists." A very inter-
esting paper was given by Miss Ida
Morrill, on ARENAS Ward who was
born in, Waterford, Me. Bill Nye
who was born in Shirley, Me. and
Seba Smith who was born in Buck
field. Mrs. Ethel Towle gave read
ings from the writings of each hum
orist. Many interesting thoughts
We're brought out.
Guests at the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Ulmont Wing Sunday were:
MI. and Mrs Harold Vino apd M
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

service. and that, in determining
what is fair value, reproductions
cost less depreciation should be re-
garded as the dominant element.
Attorney Grant will conclude his
argument this Wednesday morning.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

f- fN[7I
negotiation of the Rim, \
and collateral treaties. n
ria Station awaiting lii +
guished gathering, incl
Baldwin and Mrs. Baldys|
tives of King George I'D y
Of Wales, and diplomat n
lions represented at Lad
Washington, Oct. NJ
the first time IN. Is yen I
Council of .Congregatisra|
which began a nine-dsy 4
today. elected a laymsn Il
Frank i. Hardwood Of N
The election. which VI |
several contests. pf9sii|
session at which Prssii
in an address. pointed i
ences of religion as the ii
remedy for the evils vi
ciety."
Wellesley, Mass, 0H I
The Wellesley College y
was voted the victor Grad
oxford UNIVERSITY, Ealzl
debate here tonight ltd
RESOLVED: That the md
tNities of the Socialist Il
detrimental to social nd
English debaters uphsli
tive and were voted daEiI
dience 4o1 to COS.
Allison, Iowa, Oct "
rem Vandervooft. II vel
traitor of Butler Couniys
crime" tomorrow will
a life sentence at the ~
Fort Madison-a scented
here today for the sla'
Their. Rev. r. J. Wander
dist pastor at Parkesil
Their of the lad, MK
wort, returned to Ps
night and will remain
present. content that =
complished the one ts
ing her son fromAins
Boston. Oct. ,e-
the map of Europe has
since Stephen Shanon
Shanota. a prisoner VI
state prison. cannot W
of a Communication q
cd last year. by GoEsla
prisoners plight peea.
day when habeas cQl9 W
were brought in bis as'
preme court.
New Haven. Com,
Professor Henry Hs
son. director. Of the 81
illogical and natural
since 1920 and a menu.
faculty. died today 3
Hospital where he naa
for eight weeks.
D;ooto, NJ ]. o.
A change in ffesilillaa M
by which the senior M y
point three of its mem
late Official affairs q J,
class until the seem. .s,s,
announced at fr r s,o,rs
today. William =. ,s.si.l.
ham, Mass. was a s,p.ssss
chairman of the ETA, IA
tration committee, ~ ~
shannon. of ColuFlt ,'s
s;iiy'i,l'0 Mcleod. 4 4. s.1,
VI nc his c0Infllili'
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

President Coolidge's reaction to the
Locarno security pact was explained
at the White House.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

me mouse ways and means com
mittee heard more suggestions on tax
reductions.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
WINTHROP

The degree staff OF Arthur Love-
joy Rehekah Lodge eXemphfied the
degree at the State Assembly at the
city hall In Portland, Tuesday ev-
ening. The work was done in a
worthy manner and reflects credit
on each member. Too much praise
cannot be given for the patience and
untiring efforts of John limbaugh,
who has charge of the floor work.
and of Mrs. Ethel Hartman, who
is in charge of the tableau staff, and
of Miss Elma Shaw, who gave her
services in many ways. and who was
the soloist of the evening.
The degree staff is composed of:
Vice Grand, Mrs. Rose WelIman:
Past Noble Grand, Mrs. Daisy
Hodges: Chaplain, Mrs. Effie French
Inside Guard. Mrs. Mabel Wheeler:
Conductor. Mrs. Margaret Foster:
Warden, Mrs. Grace Moore: Queen
Esther, Mrs. Gertrude Fellows:
Hannah, Mrs. Sarah Hall: Naomi,
Mrs. Carrie French: Ruth, Mrs. Eve
lyn Godfrey; Banner Bearers, Mrs.
Eva Marble, Miss Marjorie Rollins,
Mrs. Alice Bates and Mrs. Minnie
Blake; Right Supporter Noble
Grand, Mrs. Eva Bishop: Left Sup
porter Noble Grand. Mrs. Hattie
whitney,: Right Supporter Vice
Grand, Mrs. Anna Hindhaugh: Left
Supporter Vice Grand. Mrs. Barbara
Young; tableau staff is composed of:
Mrs. Ethel Hartman, Mrs. Edith
Perry. Miss Marian Carver, Misses
Jessie and Susie Carr. Mrs. Thelma
Godfrey. Mrs. Ruby whitney Mrs.
Mary Howard, Miss Annie Thaanum,
Mrs. Estella Snow and Mrs. Dora
Horn., Harold Williams attended to
the lights in a very efficient man
ner. Mrs Leah Bell acted as plan
lst for the evening accompanied by
RALPH Hayward as drummer.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
The Day in Washington

y courtmartlal was ordered for
Colonel William Mitchell.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21

The Social Neighbors OF West
Winthrop met Monday evening
Cards were played and enioved hv
all.present. Refreshments were also
served. Next meeting to be decided
later NA"SN
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1925-10-21
Out of Town Fire

An alarm for an out of town IRE
was given at about $50 Monday ey-
ening when the fire company was
called to the Machines farm on the
East Monmouth road where a blaz-
ing automobile was endangering the
buildings. The car which was a
star sedan was a total loss but no
other damage was done. The cause
OF the fire is not known.