davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
FOrd-PGcifst Turned ImperiaIist

The millions Of dollars the Ford
Motor company needed were sweated
out of the bodies and minds Of 15O,-
900 workers. The situation was saved
thru the most ruthlessly cold-blooded
and methodical application of sensate
human beings to insensate machinery
and raw iron ever attempted since
capitalism was initiated in revolution
more than a century ago. Any other
organization would have collapsed
under similar circumstances. This
maneuver demonstrated better than
anything else the independence the
Ford Motor company insofar as cap
italist can be independent under capt.
talism.
CORRESPONDENCE independent
- was the Ford acquisition of coal
mines in Kentucky and West Vir-
ginia, iron mines in the Upper PEN
insula Of Michigan and a railroad and
vessel line. His own railroad and
vessel line now carry his own basic
minerals to private dock siding and
dock within reaching distance Of the
very cranes that feed the blast fur
naces at River Rouge.
In fact within the capitalist system
the Ford Motor company has built a
relatively autonomous structure that
is distinct from any other of its size.
Pursuant to this policy was the event.
ual centering Of all the original stock
Of the company in the Ford family
Edsel B. Ford, succeeding his father
as president in 1919, purchased the
remaining 411a per cent of stock then
outstanding.
The company was then recognized
July 8, 1919, with an authorized CAPT.
talization of $1OO,OOO,0O0 and a charter
to manufacture automobiles, trucks
tractors, aircraft, internal combustion
engines, ships, locomotives and all al.
lied products.
ONE hundred and five acres are now
~ der roof at the parent plant at
Highland Park. The plant area at
River Rouge is LOO acres. At River
Rouge are blast furnaces, foundry,
coke ovens, machine shops, tractor
plant, saw mill, cement plant, glass
factory, body plant, locomotive repair
shops, more than mile of dock front
age and storage bins with a total ca
pacity Of 100000 tons for iron ore
coke and limestone.
Manufacturing units in the United
States are operated at Kearney, N. j.,
Hamilton, o., Green Island and Pough-
keepsie, N. Y, Glassmere, Pa, ST.
Paul, Mimi, and in Michigan at Pheo-
nix, Waterford, Worthwhile, Plymouth
Nankin Mills and Iron Mountain. A
saw mill and body plant at Iron Noun
tain are on a timber tract OF 455,000
acres. The Ford coal reserve is esti.
mated at 60O,O00,000 tons. At Pough.
keepsie are manufactured the Johans-
son gauges, standard system for con-
trolling mechanical measurements,
purchased with sole American manu-
featuring rights in 1923. At Dearborn
are the Ford engineering laboratory
and the publishing plant Of the Dear
born Independently weekly
magazine,--in addition to hundreds Of
acres of wheat oats and fruit land
and Ford's home.
(To be continued.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21

less of advice from experienced lead
ers, and they will develop a sort of
revolutionary fury.
II would say that Detroit and Pitts
burgh are the two cities in this coun-
try where the chance Of revolution
airy strikes is greatest. When those
movements do come, they will make
the country up to the industrial mean
ing of quantity production.
"Conlon thinks the machinists and
the A. F. Of L. will be quite willing
to hand over the job in Detroit to
any of these radicals that think they
can organize the proletariat that is
out of the craft unions"
From all of which it is clear that
everyone recognizes that only the
left wing, with the Communists in the
lead, has the energy, the intelligence,
and the devotion, necessary to bring
the power of the automobile workers
into play in the general struggles of
the working class or even to make or
binary trade unionists Of them.
Send for a catalogue of all Com.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
Mayakovsky's Last
Appearance In Chicago

Vladimir Mayakovsky, the famous
Russian poet, will speak for the last
time in Chicago tonight at D. M,
at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukee Ave.
and Ashland Blvd, at s D. m. If you
have not heard him this is your last
chance.
Altho the hall holds over thousand
bigger crowd than even that is ex-
pected. The enthusiastic crowd that
wildly cheered Mayakovsky at his
last lecture is expected to pack this
hall also. So come earlyt -
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
CONTINUED from page u


ical and generally dangerous charac-
ter. And the average reader of the
Tribune was not surprised that he
should be thus described. His indus
trial tactics were assumed to be gem
orally dangerous to the prestige of the
vested interests.
DUT Henry Ford sued the Tribune
publishers for damages. In the
trial, at Mt. Clemens, Mich, he was
shown to be unusually deficient in in
formation on certain subjects. On the
witness stand he was asked to iden-
tify Matthew Arnold. Ford confused
him with Benedict Arnold. Matthew
Arnold, he said, was famous traitor
to the United States in the revolu-
tionary war. And the conventionally
educated, industrially reactionary mil
lionaires, with the journalist-propa-
gandists of like minds, laughed heart
il at him. In spite of his spectacular
successes as manufacturer, Ford Of
the peace-ship and Ford the "anarch-
list" was ridiculed as an exotic growth
among the lilies and other conven-
tional "cut flowers" of the field.
THERE were more important points
l. of differences between Henry Ford
and the other class A industrialists
Ford was short on the usual run of
factory thugs, known as guards,
watchmen or detectives on the pay
roll and was long on factory welfare
workers. He introduced the minimum
wage of SIS a day at a time when il
was startling to have it put suddenly
in effect on such a large scale. Such
methods were alarming to the other
industrialists, who didn't see their
way clear to follow him in his limo
vations. He slashed prices on his
automobiles at embarrassing mo.
ments, moreover. And it was his
habit to speak frankly for publication
on such delicate but fundamental mat
tiers as the gold exchange, the housing
problem in industrial districts, the
eight-hour day, the five-day week and
shop hazards.
LIE was no ordinary wolf. He was a
= lone wolf and as in the case of
Red Riding Hoods wolf he was more
dangerous because in disguise. He
didn't run with the pack. He was
hardly ever seen at the board Of com.
merce. He was feared and disliked
by his competitors who were organ
lied in the employers association of
Detroit, the board of commerce and
the Michigan manufacturers associa-
ton.
Ford was faced with failure in 1921
and needed millions OF dollars at
once. But none of those other men.
magnates of another tradition, shed
tears for him. And no one would
lend him money. There seemed to be
a conspiracy against him. The old
guard was out to get" him. But Ford
didn't shed any tears either. Instead
he shortened the economic distance
between mine and mill and between
mill and dealer. He sped up the as
sembly line. Assembly lines and
Other fixtures are now so arranged
that no employe in the shops bends
over in an operation. He isn't permit
ted to waste that fraction of a second
which, repeated hundreds Of times
daily, would make minutes,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
GETS
SLAP IN FACE
ON PEACE PLEA
French Roast American
MiLitariSnl

WASHINGTON, D. c., Oct. 1s--
President coolldge's suggestion to
the European nations at the conclus-
ion of the Locarno conference that
they assemble here in the near fu-
ture for another disarmament confer
.ence received slap In the face from
European nations.
The suspicion is widely prevalent
here that in the negotiations at Lo-
carno there was quiet agreement
among the powers not to participate
In any more armament conferences
called by the United States, but to
consider such conference exclusively
within the Jurisdiction Of the league
of nations.
Government Embarrassed.
The contemptous rejoinder Of the
Spokesman of French Imperialism to
che White House suggestion was dis
tinctly shocking to the down east
Yankee, and he tried to conceal his
visible embarrassment by falling back
upon his tawdry stock OF puritanical
platitudes.
On Mr.. Coolidge's behalf, it was
said today, he has no desire to force
an arms conference upon Europe if
Europe does not want one. Neither,
it was said, will the United States be
put in the 'undignifed" position Of
bidding" against the league for the
production.
It was emphasized from the
White House today that the American
position is now, as it has always
been, one of unselfishness in promo
ton of the theory of armament reduc-
ton 1t means, officials said, more to
impoverished Europe than it does to
the United States. separated as we
are by two wide oceans from poten-
tial trouble.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
CANTON GOVERNMENT
LEADER WELCOMED TO
MOSCOW BY BIG CROWD
ESPECIAL to The Daily Worker

NoRSSia' ~ NV ''S
MOSCOW, Oct. 19-SoViet Rus
STA today paid high tribute to Khu
Khan Min, generalissimo Of the Can
tonese army, who arrived here for
a four-months' visit to study the
SOVIET system Of government.
Khu Khan Min was accompanied
by Ii Ven Van, general secretary of
the Canton government, Tsi Kho
Tung, general war secretary of the
Canton government and a full staff.
Five thousand persons and a guard
of honor of red troops were at the
station to greet the Cantonese
leader.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
The Motor. Plants

T'HE U. S. Census of Manufactures
= divides the industry into two main
sections: motor vehicles and motor
bodies and parts. The first named
contains the heart Of the industry.
In 1928 there were 241,356 wage
workers directly engaged in these mo-
tor production plants. The average
earnings per worker were $1,6SO per
year, or approximately 1872 per week.
These workers are employed in 351
different establishments. Only 40 Of
them are Of any size, however, en-
ploying S7.5 per cent Of all the work
ers. OF these 140 larger establish
ments, each producing more than one
million dollars value per year, the
most important, overshadowing all
others, are the General Motors and
Ford.
Approximately half OF the industry
(by volume Of values) is concentrated
around Detroit, Mich. The number Of
workers in Detroit is about so per
jO
'When not otherwise specified, fig.
ures are those Of the National Auto.
mobile chamber OF commerce.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
2 Burned IN Workers Fire.

NEW YORK, Oct. ia fire in a
tenement district of Yonkers which
broke out early in the morning i'm
periled the lives of many, seven be-
ing seriously burned and taken to the
hospital.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
Storm Warnings Issued.

Northwest storm warnings were or
dered displayed by the weather bu-
reau today on the Great Lakes, ex-
cept on western Lake Superior and
the western and extreme southern
portions Of Lake Michigan.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
T.UE.L. GENERAL MEETING THURSDAY.
OCTOBER 22, TO HEAR REPORT ON Az.
OIL. CONVENTION AT ATLANTIC CITY

The meeting
speak of L.
and he Wing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21
Ry EARL r. BRowpER.

TN the past twenty years there has
4 sprung up a new industry in
America which has become a verit-
able young giant-the automobile in
dustry. While in 1900 only 5000 mo-
tor vehicles were produced in the
United States, and in 1905 only $4,000,
yet by 1924 the production had in
creased to 1915 vehicles. In this
latter year the shipment of automo-
biles from the factories amounted to
74O,57S carloads Figures Of the Amer
lean Railway Association), being the
third largest item of railroad freight,
exceeded only by petroleum products,
and iron. The automobile industry
thus presents one Of the big problems
before the labor movement. A first
step toward meeting this problem is
to know its scope, and the measure of
forces that must be dealt with.
size Of Industry.
THE number of persons directly en-
ployed in connection with auto
mobiles has been estimated at $685.
$685." This includes factory workers,
tire workers, dealers and statesmen,
garage employees, repair shop work
ers, chauffeurs, truck drivers, etc. OF
this number we are directly con-
cerned only with the wage workers
engaged in the production of motor
vehicles, bodies, and parts. The to-
tai number of such workers in 1923
biennial Census of Manufacturers
was 404,8S6, which was an increase
from 212,777 in 1921, only two years
before. In this brief space of time,
automobile manufacturing almost
doubled its number of workers.
The product of these workers ranks
first in gross value of all industries
in the United States, being, in 1923,
more than billion dollars, slightly
more than the total for steel works
and rolling mills, and much higher
than the industries which follow
Strengthening and meat packing,
foundry and machine shops, cotton
goods, petroleum, etc.
Production in 1925 continues to in
crease over last year, being per cent
more for the first eight months OF
this year than for the same period
last year, and larger than in 1923
The industry is still expanding.
1t is not necessary to pay much
attention to automobile production
outside Of the United States because
it is comparatively negligible in
quantity. America produces approx
mately nine-tenths Of the worlds au.
tomobiles, and uses SO per cent OF
them. OF the total of 21, 264,752 motor
vehicles in the world, in 1924, 1881.
9S1 were in the U. S. ratio of one
car for every six persons. In 1924
there were 464,241 cars exported to
other countries, as against only 6O4
imported.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21

IF you want to thoroughly un.
rstand Communism-study it.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21

The DAILY WORKER sub
scription list is a Communist
honor roll. Is your name on it?
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21

Send for a catalogue of all Com.
munist literature.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-10-21

Da1 ~ ~PP'N@oS'Ss
But even with the testimony limited
to police and officials, the evidence
shows the higher officials at fault
and this will not aid the imperialists
at all. In fact, 1t damages them.
The Chekiang forces which occu-
pied Shanghai, are welcomed by stu
dents and labor bodies and except for
troop movements, the situation is
without disorder and affairs are run
ming smoothly.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
BARROW AGREES
To DEBATE
BISHOP
Latter, Though Evolution
list, Will Uphold Theory
of Divine Plan.
Nv Universal Service.

CHICAGO, Sept. 1S.-Clarcnce Oar
row, chief Of the Scopes defense il
the Dayton evolution trial, will de
bate here October &c with Bishop
Francis J. Mcconnell of the Metho
dist Episcopal church of Pittsburgh.
The forthcoming debate on docs
the Mechanistic Theory Explain
Manu. will be staged at the Emil q
Hirsch Center of Sinai Temple.
Darrow's opponent was formeri!
president of De Pauw University and
while an evolutionist, believes that
the creation of man and his develop
ment, is due to divine power. barrow,
taking the agnostic viewpoint, declared
today that he seeks the explanation
of evolution in terms Of the mechanical
forces of nature.
Il have no theory on how the uni
verse came into being" barrow said.
Il am inclined TO think that this
viii forever be a sealed book TO man.
Il look forward to my debate with
Bishop Mcconnell with considerable IN.
terest, because i am not certain OF
my position in the matter. This may
seem strange, but / could not take an
unalterable stand and still be an
eyolutionist.-
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
NORA LEE

| here? And NIommer? Let's have a
ook at all the girls. little Nina"
An audible pouting. "Oh--every-
ones busy. Come in, I want to talk
% you about a book I'm reading.
Wc'lks see them later"
Nix. child-Tm out for fun. Call
the khan. oh, j say, Sally, be you
in the allcy?"
Sally stepped back silently, waited.
Max called again and she answered
with a beautifully feigned OH of
surprise.
Ten minutes later they were all
putting on hats and coats for a ride
this warm moonlit night in early
May. Max held Nora Lee back TO
whisper: Il came for you. Ride
in frGnt."
She flushed with excited pleasure !:
But no-I'm only the adopted sis
ter and I've got TO watch my step.
Some other time. Take Sally" "
Sally climbed in joyously, unsus-
pocting the collision. Her clean.
glowing skin turned a delicate pink.
the green eyes were brilliant. Nora
Lee thought: "Sally could be a Won
DER
Nina said: isn't Sally pathetic!
Before I'd show nay land that COM
monlyi No wonder she's where she
is. She'd propose to mani
Men are indeed precious, so 'twould
seem! I'm glad I'm immIne!" But
Nora Lee felt her pulses race when
Max turned TO say: Didn't YOU get
my letter? That's got to be answer
ed"
Minna stiffened, throwing a hot
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
SOUTHERN TRAFFIC
FEELS EFFECTS OF
FLORIDA CONGESTION

NEW YORK, Sept. 1s.-F)-With
freight congestion growing steadily
more acute in Florida, officials Of rail
roads and steamship companies here
announced that they see no prospect of
an early lifting of the embargo on
heavy freight to Florida ports and
terminals.
The congestion at Florida terminals
threatens to throttle all southern traf-
fic, the officials said.
An official announcement from
the Clyde Line Steamship Company
stated that they have been exercising
an embargo since August 5.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
By ELenore Meherin

burning with her unhappiness BeSs
Graham, modern, joyous, daring-mar-
ricd, yet exuberantly unhampcred by
marriage VOWS or marriage conven,,
tons; but chiefly there was Richard
Carlisle.
She took her place quietly beside
Max in the machine that night. She
thought with misgiving: He docsn I
say anything"
His black eyes, usually a-glitter,
were dull. He drove very slowly.
How old are you, Nora Lce?'
"Such impudence Nineteen next
week. Isn't that glorious!"
do you like it staying with the
Paulsr
yes"
He brought the car almost to a
standstill and glanced at her: do
YOU like these people you have metz!
your friends? They're thrilling,
"Haye YOU the same ideas on this
and that as you had last November
Nora Lee laughed. These ideas are
for keeps" as
He fumbled with the brakes. Sup
pose we don't 90 there tonight. How
about it"
She sat limp with disappointment;
So he got out of the cal, and helped
her, saying with short laugh: m
in a black mood tonight
"But I'm not! I'm in a scarlet
one, as Connie says" =,
They went up the steps. He SAID
uneasily: I'm sorry ! brought you
here" -.
She felt again the expectant, halt
terrified anxiety that both taunted
and alarmed.
CONTINUED Tomorrow
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
Continued From Page /, Part %

living room with huge gobs of atmo
sphere flung here and there about her
self. The Dial cast indifferently OF
the floor and herself reading 'Th'
Crime of Sylvester Bonnard. Who's
"A r real man, Sal! That's what shc
says"
Sally's green eyes snapped: Has
Max arrived? And calling on her:
ON Herr" Growing emphasis and
scorn. The little fool, - She glided
10 the door and closed it easily.
when did Max phoneg Tell us about
il. Whoever heard of such thing
Max calling on Minna PAUL." Sally
said "Minna" as though poor Minna
we're unspcakable dirt.
II gave Nora Lee a throb OF satls
faction. She asked sweetly;. rs 1t
you he means TO visit, Sal?'
INFANT PRESUMPTION
Sally's cheeks famed till they
touched the fiery red of her hair: Il
don't pretend 10 be q heart breaker.
But Minna's positively indecent when
a man is about. | don't know what's
the matter with Billie that she lets
mere kid run about the way Minna
does. At 16 she's out almost every
night in the week. She never opens
a book. Fine way to prepare for life,
isn't it? The presumption of the IN
FAINT! As though Max would look at
such a little noncntity. But Minna
has as much respect for anyone else's
claims as she has for a person s
Il Af he nj
family life.
ave might as well live in den OF
thieves for all the privacy we get here.
You can't so much as possess a corner
of a handkerchief for your own par
ticular nose, let alone owning the
right to a thought or an emotion that
any one else will respect. 1t beats
me how you can stand it, Nora Lee;
after living in peace and solitude all
your life. l think a family is the
most tyrannicai institution ever toll
Grated BY the human race. The soon
or it's abolished = the better. And
it's going. Professor Jennings has
some rich things to say on II. l wish
il happened before my time. There.
rush into Billie's room and see II
that's his machine!"
Sallie sped to the hall and leaned
quietly over the banister. She beck
oned Nora Lee: This is GOOD!'
Maxwell Reed took them CALAMITY
He said something in his low. musi-
cal drawl. They saw the black head,
the slouching, stopped shoulders. Sail
lie breathed quickly and kept nudsins
Nora Lee.
Nfinna said: Lets go for a ride,
Maxey-such a gorgeous night. be
sides Comics not coming home this
weekend" e..
How about Sal?" q
SaIly's elbow gave n frantic thrust
to Nora Lee. Her hands gripped the
Danister.
Max went on amiably: AND
where's Nora lee? Isn't she staying
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18

accusation that landed smack in Nora
Lees face. 1t said plainly: Il sup
nose now you'll think it's sYOU he
came for?" Aloud Minna whispered,
Max is an awful flirt."
Minna sat back with IN air OF
generous self-sacrificc. She would
allow Sally this trifling hour. 1t
was 50 obvious that no one could
prefer such a red haired fright to a
little golden beauty like herself.
She didn't consider Nora Lee at
all since Nora Lee protested a sweep
ing indifference to men. love, con-
quests.
But in a few weeks it was quite
evident that Max wasn't interested
in Billie's baby girl" And he wasn't
in pursuit Of plain, red-haired Sal.
In the course of the next two
months even Minna accepted defeat
and turned it into a sorry kind OF
triumph.
She said. as Nora Lee was dressing
one evening: Il suppose you're going
out with Maxi"
ayes"
"You must have a lot Of endurance.
Hes such wornout sportl However
do you manager"
isn't he real man. Minna? And
such a brain?"
1T didn't take me long to exhaust
his great intellect,
Three weeks ago Max Reed had in
troduced her to his brilliant, charmed
circle of friends. Nora Lee lay awake
half the night recalling the astonish-
ing and sparkling conversation. There
was Ida Burnett, insolent,N cynical,
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
ZOO DEN|zENS 'HET up
over NEW ADDITIONS
Continued From Page /, Part %

Continued From Page /, Part y
street. But what does old King say
of the newcomer"
"He don't know it yet" answered
the lynx. "and I'm not the one to tell
him. / heard Commissioner Lambert
say it would be best to put the tiger
down at the other end or the zoo, away
from old Kings den, so they couldn't
see each other"
"Oh boyI' chortled the skunk,
wouldn't that be one grand ruckus
if we could ever get 'em in the ring
together. Maybe there wouldn't be
anything left of 'em but their tails and
We would be rid of both of 'em. Say,
why couldn't we pull it off some day."
"Not me-" says the lynx. I'm no
fight promoter. / leave all that stuff
to the sports editors"
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1925-09-18
S.A. LIBRARY BOOKS
NEVER END CAREERS
fcontinued From Page 1, Part y

(Continued From Page 1, Part p
read and passed on 10 the next fellow
must often be withdrawn within
few months after they are bought.
If none of the pages Of a book ap
pear to be missing but just loose AMI
ready to fall out, the book is collated !;
that is, the pages are counted to see
that none are missing, and the book
is sent to the bindery. Rebound, the
books are as good as new and ready
for another long service.
All books are used until the last
possible service can be gotten out OF
them. then they are seldom fit for
reading and are usually sold to the
paper mills.