davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-07-07
SIGHTED BY
POSSE IN
WOODS

Continued from First Page.)
Todd was struck In the abdomen.
Mrs. Lyons was shot through the
back.
Mrs. Lyons slumped forward In
the car, but had presence of mind
to shut off the engine and jam on
the brakes.
Todd, flourishing the pistol.
leaped from the car and disap-
peared.
Screams Are Heard.
The screams OF Mrs. Lyons were
heard by her husband, Odin Lyons,
and Everett Meade, q postman.
The wounded women were driven
to the hospital at Prince Frederick,
while q posse was hastily organ.
ICED at Huntington.
The police are at loss to explain
Todd's murderous assault. Physicians
declare, however, that they believe
the man became crazed with the
heat and lost his mind.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-07-07
ANDREW FISHER DIES
AT GALLiNGER HOSPITAL

Andrew Fisher, thirty-five,
resident of Washington for the past
three years, died Sunday at Gal
linger Hospital His body is at
the District morgue.
Police and officials FROM Gal
linger are making a search for
Fishers relatives who are said to
be living I'm Baltimore, Md.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-07-07
TWO DISTRICT FlREMEN
RETIRED ON PENSIONS

After thirty-six years service.
Captain ]. T. Rossiter. No. 10 En-.
CINE Company. District Fire De.
partment. today was retired on a
pension Of $104.16 per month. He
Was retired for physical disability.
The Commissioners also retired
Lieutenant William A. O'Connor for
physical disability on a pension OF
$50 a month.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1925-07-07
DUCHESS OF RUTLAND
WILL SELL PAINTINGS

LONDON, July THE Duchess
of Rutland will soon dispose off two
valuable paintings, Romney's Lady
Hamilton and the Laughing Girl,
by Sir Joshua Reynolds, according
to the Express.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

we're filed to their utmost capacity.
The total weight of the train was
about 80 tons. ..
An idea of the low esteem in which
the people of the time held the steam
engine can be obtained from the fact
that a horse and rider preceded the
train at the start of It's first journey.
The rider carried a flag bearing the
motto of the company and had little
fear of being run down as the maxi
mum of speed of the train was estt-
mated at eight miles an hour.
However, Mr.. Stephenson wanted to
know just how rapidly his: locomotive
would go. Consequently. when a level
stretch of the road was reached, he
ordered the horseman off the track
and opened the throttle the limit. The
result was that his train attained the
then unthinkable velocity of II miles
an hour. 1t readily pulled away from
group of horsemen who had en-
deavored to gallop across the country
abreast of it.
Such rapid transportation doubtless
scared many of the $50 passengers
who made the maiden trip behind the
new horse of iron," but most of them
were "game1 and stayed on board for
the entire journey. At Darlington the
loaded coal cars were replaced with
other wagons containing 150 more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

undertaking started, and when once
under way three years were required
for the construction of the road, the
rolling stock and other necessary
equipment.
The project had been put across in
spite of opposition that extended all
the way from members of Parliament
to the proprietors of donkeys, which
were the chief overland carriers of
freight. The skepticism of the gen.
eral public was reflected, as 1t always
is, in the press of the day.
What person. one paper asked,
would even think of paying anything
to be conveyed from Hexham to New
castle in something like a coal wagon
upon a dreary wagonway, and to be
dragged for the greater part of the
distance by a roaring steam engineer"
In an attempt to counterfeit such
propaganda" and at the same time
influence public opinion in favor of
railroads, Edward Pease, the back
bone" of the Stockton and Darlington
Railway, carried on an extensive cor
respondence. But his writings show
that he himself was none too sure of
his ground.
One of his conservative statements
was: THE late improvements in the
construction of railways have render.
ed them much more perfect than when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Great and Growing Radio Demand Creates Modern Inds

stitute one-third of the factory's en-
ployes.
"Hair-raising" literally describes
some jobs done by the girls. Those
who polished screws on lathes,
for instance, had their bobbed
tresses pulled as erect as porcupine
quilts by electric energy that the pow
er belts created. They were not near
enough to the belts to be in danger,
and one of the girls, asked how she
liked having her hair stand on end,
replied:
Pine. 1t makes my browning
glory more glorious
Girls put the sets together They
stood on both sides of a long table,
through the center of which coursed a
moving belt Beside each girl was a
supply OF the various parts she would
use in assembling the sets while at
the starting end Of the belt were piled
nat pieces Of steel-the front panels
Picking up one of the panels, a girl
attached the condensers TO it, then the
transformers, next the vacuum tube
sockets and then sent it down the
belt. When it reached the second
group Of girls the prospective receiv-
er was lifted from the belt by one
of them, who added cables for radio
speaker and batteries and sent 1t on.
At the third group another girl at
tached the wires under the set At
the fourth dials were added, then
rheostat knobs. 50 that at the finish
ing end of the belt there arrived an
assembled radio set, ready for in
spection and deposit in a cabinet.
One of every ten workers in the fac
tory is an inspector, so the parts had
been examined as they We're made.
The final inspection was to prove
whether the set actually could receive
nd Il 1ifpsaff tons
which We're sent from a miniature
transmitting station beneath the in
spectors table.
Each set was tested separately.
| First, radio signals We're sent TO a
standard set on the testers table,
| which had been brought as near per-
| lection as the several engineers
through whose hands it passed could
make it, and then padlocked so that
nothing could be touched TO change It.
! Second, a switch at the testers hand
| changed reception from the standard
set to the newly completed set, which
| had to reproduce as clearly as the
standard.
Having passed this test. the new
| set was placed in its cabinet and
! boxed for shipping
| 1t was at the inspection tables that
! the general manager. playing truant
| from his office, was met. He ex-
planned his presence there with:
! "Oh, yes, you will find me in the
shops frequently. Did you ever see
| a boy who had made one radio set
who was not interested in making
another? And no matter how good the
| first set was, didn't he plan TO make
! the next one better? Radios con-
slant progress makes it interesting
| for all Of US"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Chess Game Was Played With Muskets

.DEvoTEES of the ancient game of
chess will be interested IN the
following account of a game played
by Charles XII of Sweden with his
lieutenant, Grothusen, while encamped
at Bender in 1913. The Swedish mon
arch had exhausted the patience of
his Moslem enemy. whose army had
begun to fire sharp fusillade on the
headquarters Of the exile king.
Charles and Grothusen were play
Ing chess one afternoon in the latter
part of January, 1913. The morning
had been spent in riding about the
defenses. round which 10000 Turks
and Tartars lay encamped. Although
the violent assaults that took place a
few days afterward had not vet COM
menced, the MoSlem army warned the
besieged monarch of what he might
expect by sending an occasional ball
whistling over the house in which the
headquarters were established.
The game was far advanced. and
Charles, who played the white. had a
decided advantage. With the admir-
able calmneSs that he knew so well
how to assume in the presence of dan
ger, he gaZed for a long time at the
position, and at last announced mate
in three moves.
Hardly had the words escaped from
his lips when a bullet, shattering one
of the windowpanes, ended its flight
by removing from the board and
breaking into fragments the white
knight. Charles, who was about to
lean back in his chair with the self
satisfied air of a victor, looked vexed
at this unexpected loss. But Grothu-
sen, who was not his equal in cool
ness, leaped from his seat in dismay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

Charles reproved him with q laugh.
and then said: Where is my othet
knight, Grothusen? Find it and work
out the mate"
Before the minister could find the
piece, the eye of Charles was struck
by the position of the forces, and re-
manned for some minutes intently gaz-
ing at the board. II don't think we
need the knight; believe that I can
afford to give 1t to you and still be
able to mate you in four moves"
The monarch had just made this
announcement when a second bullet
actually flew through the door and
took its way as unerringly as the first
had done toward the royal chessboard.
The white pawn at rocks second
square shared the fate of the knight
and fell in small pieces Of ivory upon
the floor. Grothusen. remembering
the Satirical laugh of Charles, only
turned pale without stirring from his
chair.
You have our good friends the
Turks upon your side, Grothusen."
said the King. 1T will hardly be ex-
pected that I can compete both
against you and 10000 heather. espe-
cially If you employ such powerful
weapons. This is the first time I
have seen chess played with muskets.
But wait a moment and let me see II
my game is not still good enough to
allow me TO dispense with this I'M
lucky pawn also. I have IT," he
shouted, and laughed so loudly that he
might have been heard beyond the
intrenchments. Il have it, l have
great pleasure in informing you that
there is undoubtedly a mate in five
moves"
And Charles would not permit Gro
thusen to leave the apartment until
he had solved the problem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Spaces Between Some Stars Increasing

ONE of the most difficult, and at
the same time interesting, ques-
tons that astronomers have to solve
is that of the direction and velocity
of the flight of the solar system
through space. We ordinarily speak
of the earth going around the sun as
if that revolution were performed
year after year in the same path, the
sun standing still while the earth
moves. But, as a matter of fact, the
sun moves as well as the earth.
Now our planet goes round the sun
time, the sun moves from south to
north. The earth, therefore, is really
travelling not in a beaten circle, but
In a spiral line which is gradually
carrying 1t toward certain stars in
the northern sky. And of course all
the other planets also travel In
spirals, going at the same time
round and round the sun. and with
the sun toward the north.
The simplest proof that this motion
of the solar system really exists Is
the fact that in that part of the sky
toward which we are going the stars
are observed to be moving slowly
apart, while in the opposite part of
the heavens they are drawing to-
gether. A little reflection shows that
this Is a necessary result of such a
motion of the solar system as we
have described.
On account of the immense dis
tances of the stars, the apparent
motions exhibited by them as a re-
suit of our varying distances from
them are exceedingly slight; far too
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

senger coaches themselves We're often
little more than stage coaches on
flange wheels.
At first those who wished 10 travel
by rail were booked" at the COM
pany's Office and a list of the pas
sengers given the train guard. The
buchanan, who ACCOMPANIED all stage
coaches, was, of course not practical
on the trains, but his place was taken
by a trumpeter whose duty Of playing
the passengers out of the stations
was regarded as an essential railroad
function for years.
The ever increasing volume of pas
sengers, necessitating more trains,
eventually did away with the mu-
sicians and led to the employment of
tickets in place of the cumbersome
booking methods. IT also required
the building of better locomotives and
coaches.
x x x x
SEPTEMBER 81, 1925-Today, the
~ centennial of the first public rail
road-finds the world, and particularly
America, engrossed in a discussion
of the theory of evolution and other
timely" subjects. so completely that
it is almost entirely unmindful of
the birthday of its chief means Of
transportation. Happily. the two
Continued on Fourth Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

slight to be detected without the aid
of the most exquisite instruments,
applied with an accuracy and pre-
cision that only great skill and long
practice can confer.
Then, too,. each star has an actual
motion Of its own--one in one dtrec-
ton and another In another-for, like
our sun. they are all journeying
through space, without by any means
keeping step to his music. The OBJ
server must, therefore. in the first
place, measure motions that are al.
most beyond the reach Of measure
ment. and In the second place dis
tinguish the real movements of the
individual stars from their apparent
movements due to the actual motion
of the earth.
Yet, difficult as this task is. it has
been attempted over and over again,
and astronomers are still working at
it. There are two things that they
wish particularly to learn: First. in
exactly what direction we are thus
journeying through space and, second
Just how fast we are going. The best
results obtained indicate that the
point in the sky to which we are
moving lies in the eastern part Of
the constellation, Hercules: not far
from the very brilliant star Vega,
which, in the United States, is seen
almost directly overhead on Summer
evenings.
The velocity of our flight has been
deduced from spectroscopic observa-
tions and it appears to be between
2,00O, 900 and 100000 miles year, or
to 10 miles second. Other esti-
mates have made 1t considerably
greater, but 1t is thought by most au-
thorities that this is the most salts,
factory determination that has yet
been made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

constructed after the old plan. To such
a degree of utility have they now
been brought that they may be re-
garded as very little inferior to canals.
We may, therefore, hope that as this
system develops itself our roads will
be laid out as much as possible on
one level and in connection with the
great lines of communication through
out the country"
Such was the modest estimate of the
potentialities of railroads Of the man
who first formed a company to start
operations on the Stockton and OAR
lington line. Mr.. Pease was a member
of the Society of Friends and per-
suaded so many of his brothers" in
that organization OF subscribe to his
railway that the road was for a long
period known as the Quaker Line"
The company at first only contem-
plated using horses to draw the
trains. The chief cargo was expected
to be coal from the rich fields of the
Bishop Auckland district, that had al
ways been handicapped by lack of
means to market the mineral. The
idea Of transporting passengers was
not even considered by the original
founders of the road.
George Stephenson. man with con-
siderable experience as a locomotive
engineer on private railroads In m
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

passengers and a band. The train
traversed the II miles separating OAR
lington and Stockton in about three
hours. It's speed test was not made
between those two towns. but on a
stretch of track that extended to the
coal fields west of Darlington.
All along the route the novel pro-
cession was greeted with cheers by
people in every sort of horse-drawn
conveyance, some of whom had come
for miles to see the new wonder"
Groups of men would frequently race
the train for short distances. At a
later date an actual race was staged
between the coach travelling from
Darlington to Stockton over the reg
ular road and locomotive No. 1. The
engine won by a matter of some 100
yards, an achievement which was
heralded as a distinct triumph for
steam transportation.
But on the 9th Of September, 1925,
there was no official race. The people
were well satisfied that the train had
actually reached Stockton and cele-
brated that event with the conven-
tional parade and banquet.
X X y
THE builders of the road really had
something Of which to be proud.
1t had taken almost a generation Of
discussion and elaboration to get the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Worlds First Public Railroad Was Opened to Traffic 100 Years Ago da

pendent upon the colleries of North
England.
The first job of the new works was
to fill the order for three locomotives
for the Stockton and Darlington. The
famed Locomotive No. 1" weighed
about eight tons. and was specially
designed to haul heavy loads at low
speed, rather than a light cargo at a
rapid rate. 1t embodied all the latest
railroad knowledge, yet it was so i'm
perfectly constructed that the chin
ney often became red hot from the
poorly controlled combustion in the
brick-lined firebox.
The engine established it's superior
ity over the horse, however, with the
result that others like it were ordered,
and the great business of land steam
transportation fairly begun. NO.
l. was used for about 20 years, and
finally rewarded for it's service by be-
ing placed on a pedestal in front of the
station at Darlington. There it was
exhibited as the first engine to travel
a public railway.
The rapidity with which the rail-
roads became popular as a convey
ance for passenger traffic surprised
the first "magnates." The early
methods Of handling the human
freight" were modelled after the old
stage.coach system. In fact, the pas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

- EPTEMBER 81, 1825-one hun
dred years ago today--the smoke
from Locomotive No. l." draw
~ ing the first train over the
worlds only public railway,
arose as a signal that man had ad-
vanced another step in his ceaSeleSs
effort to conquer space and time. AS
the engine sped along at the law
breaking rate of six miles an hour. the
hiss Of it's steam and the foot of its
whistle sounded the death knell of
the faithful horse, who for centuries
had been the motive power of all over
land journeyings.
It was in County Durham, England,
that the curtain rose on the opening
scene In the drama of steam railroads.
George Stephenson, who built and ran
the locomotive, and had also con-
str1Icted most of the roadbed and some
of the cars was the chief actor. The
audience consisted of practically the
entire population in the vicinity of
Stockton and Darlington. the two
towns between which the railroad ran
and after which it was named.
In addition to the engine. the train
consisted of II wagons loaded with
coal and flour, coach containing the
officials of the young railroad. and
p1 coal cars that had bee4 converted
into passenger-carryins coaches and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

adjacent mining section, applied for
and was given the position of en-
gineer-in-chief of the proposed Stock.
ton and Darlington Railway. Shephen-
son was directly responsible for the
use of steam instead of horses as the
motive power in the first train. But
even then the directors were not con-
WINGED. and when the road was first
opened it was ordered that both horse
and steam power be used over its 80
miles of track. Such direct competi-
ton was apparently necessary to
prove the superiority of the locomo-
tive.
STEPHENSON also founded the first
locomotive works In the world in
conjunction with the building of the
first public railroad. The enterprising
engineer conceived the idea that the
demand for steam engines would soon
be so great that a factory devoted
solely to the construction of railroad
equipment would be necessary. Aided
financially by Mr.. Pease. he establish
ed such a factory at Newcastle in
1924. 1t turned out to be Of immense
help in rapidly putting into effect the
improvements that Stephenson was
continually making In his engines, as
previously he had been entirely de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
MovlMs belt Of Sand papeT SMOOTH
1na The cabinets.

there rose the whirring din Of
smaller machtnes-some slicing r.
feet long brass pipes into inch-and-a-
quarter vacuum tube sockets-some
cutting condenser plates out Of alumni
mum strips-some clipping washers off
Of ribbons Of steel-all apparently
racing to produce the most parts to
go Into the handsome mahogany cab
inets being made in the adjoining sec
tion-the carpenter shop.
Sawing-up Of $4,000 pile of lum-
mahogany-was the sight that first
attracted the visitor to the carpenter
shop. Its busy carpenters were aided
at every move by machine-driven tools
tools which sawed planks into
boards for cabinet lids. bottoms and
sides: planned boards, drilled holes in
them; and even sandpapered them.
The sanding machine is a moving
belt Of sandpaper, against which the
carpenter held the board. Sanding by
hand followed machine sanding. In
fact, before the cabinet was finished
it had been sanded six times.
Instead Of being vanished with a
brush. the cabinet was sprayed with
varnish from a hose, for spraying
produces a smoother finish than
brushing. according to the paint shop
foreman. Each cabinet was given
one coat of stain, two of shellac, three
Of lacquer and final rundown with
pumice stone and oil.
Gold cleaned in the next section,
the gold-plating shop. Several hun
dred copper name plates were receiv-
ing their gold bath. They slid about
in a wire basket as 1t swung through
the solution which brought them
their valuable covering from the six
bars of 24-karat gold that were i'm
mersed at one end of the vat. Ten
thousand name plates are goldcovered
every day, besides thousands Of
switches and screws.
While men worked with gold and
drove powerful machines on one side
Of the factory, on the other side girls
wound wire thinner than a human
hair into condenser and transformer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Ireland's Big Cavern.

one of the largest and most ex-
- traordinary of caveTns is that at
Mitchelstown. Ireland. The first man
70 make an extensive exploration Of
this celebrated natural feature was
Frenchm9n, one Martel, who is like
wise an authority on the caverns of
France.
The Irish cavern is formed in lime
stone and is extraordinary for the
number and extent Of its connected
passages, which, when plotted upon
chart. resemble the streets OF a city.
The length of the cave is about mile
and a quarter, and it contains some
animal inhabitants, including a spe-
Cies of spider. which are peculiar to it,
and have their entire existence within
its receSSeS.