davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1925-09-08
AFIRMANDO UNA ACTITU


males que nos unen al Pueblo de los
Estados Unidos ad perpetuanl que
son inquebrantables, indiso'dbIes,
tinicos, que nos impiden hablar de
independence y de separation
Todas esas afirmaciones aparecen
hechas, 81 no he entendido mai sns
palabras, los parrafos z, 9 " Il
de su carta, que quiero citar especi-
ficamente para ayudar a sus lecto-
res en- ell DEsENTRANANIENTO
de las misrnas.
Y yo, con todo ell mas alto y Ell
mas profrlndo respeto su criterio
y a sus conocimientos indiscutibles
en- Derecho Politico v oonstleucio-
nal qriero manifestarle que, Sc
gun mi personal criterio, humilde
y pobre, hijo solamente de un con-
tinuo estudio, infatigable y tenaz,
sobre dichas materias, tengo por
err6neas, ,-ingenua inadvertida-
mente erroneas -dichas afrmaciones,
que deseo controvertir, en- un reco-
nocimiento de su alto vaIer y de su
acendrado patriotismo, con la firme
y decidida intenci6n de evitar que
sean compartidas por nuestro pue-
bio.
1--En primer lugar la ciudadania
de los Estados Unidos no fue conce-
dida al Pueblo de Puerto Rico. La
unica ley sobre Ell particular es la
aprobada por Ell Congreso Federal
en- 2 de MARIO de 1917, conocida CO.
mo Ley Jones, y esta no concede la
ciudadania de los Estados Unidos a
la entidad Pueblo de Puerto Rico,
sino que declara tales ciudadanos,
por SUI seccion 5a., todos aquellos
que eran ciudadanos de Puerto Ri
co de acuerdo con la Secci6n 7 de
la ley conocida como Acta Foraker,
aprobada por ell Congreso Federal
para nosotros en- IL de abril de
1900.
2-En. segundo 1ugar, esa ciuda-
dania NO NOS INooRPoRA, como
I'd. dice, la naci6n. Puerto Rico
sigue siendo, jurfdicamente, ell mis-
mo territorio organizado y NO IN
CoRPoRADO que era antes, ESTA-
MOS EN- DERECHo, TAN DEsIN-
CoRPoRADQs CON LA cIUDA-
DANA. AMERICANA, COMO LO
EsTABAMos SIN LA cIUDADA-
MA AMERICANA. Ell case de
Balsac VS.. Puerto Rico, decidido,
en- el termino de octubre de 1921,
por Ell mas alto Tribunal de la Ma
ci6n, la Corte Suprema Federal, me-
diante opinion de su actual Juez
Presidente, afrmando que el case
de Dorr confrmaba ell concepto del
de Downes VS.. Bidwell v declaran-
do que la incorporation de un te-
rritorio debe ser hecha por un ac-
to expreso, especifco y terminate,
del Congreso Federal, y que no pue-
de asumirse por inferencia presun-
ci6n, a falta de una declaration ca
teg6rica, pone ell sello fatal las
puertas cerradas atn, de nuestros
sueiios anexionistas estaduales. Ese
sello puede romperse algGn dia,
pero atn permanece cerrandonos Ell
paso hacia la Estadidad, 81 es que
es buena la teoria de los que, como
I'd, no como 70, piensan que a es-
ia hora no Sc puede llegar por otra
senda que por la de la previa incor-
poracion territorial. De manera,
que aiin, juridicamente Y pesar
de nfestra ciudadania, somos Ell
mismo territorio "apurtenant to"
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1925-09-08

PERo NO INCORPORATE, de que
hablara, estableciendo una nueva
teoria legal dentro del Derecho Po-
litico Norteamericano, ell Juez
White, de la Suprema Corte de JUS
ticia en- La Nacion, ALA en- los aflos
en- que ell inolvidable Degetau ha-
cia titanicos esfuerzos por afirmar
la nueva personalidad ciudadana de
los puertorriqueiios en- ell seno de la
Republica dominadora
3-La concession de la ciudadania
no define nuestro status Politico,
COMO PUEBLO: Lo DETERMI-
NA-no ''lo define''-UNICAME
TIE COMO CIUDADANoS, PERso-
MAS, SUJEToS INDIvIDUALES
DE DERECHo. Personalmente, los
puertorriquefios que aceptaron La
ciudadania americana en- 1917, es-
tan garantizados, a1n contra Ell
prcpio Congreso Federal, en- ell uso
y Ell ejercicio perpetuo de esa ciu-
dadania. Nos favorece y nos am
para en- clio esa misma Corte Su-
prema Nacional que nos declara NO
INCoRPoRADos todavia. Sus de-
cisiones en- los casos de U. s. VS..
Wong Kim Ark, Y de Osborn rs
United States Bank, son barrera
que Sc opondria siempre a un acto
del Congreso que intentara o ten
diera a despojarnos de nuestra ciu-
dadania, restringirla. Pero Ell
Pueblo de Puerto Rico, LA EMIT
DAD JURTDICA PUEBLO DE
PUERTO RICO, LA ENTIDAD
MORAL QUE Es NUEsTRo PUE-
BIO, NUEsTRA IsLA, NUEsTRA
PATRIA, esa CORE distinta suer-
te. El Congreso no esta obligado,
por nuestra ciudadania, a segur
DETERMINADA Inca de gobierno,
nj TRANSITIONAL M DEFINITI-
VA, en- sus relaciones polIticas- para
Puerto Rico. A PESAR DE NUES
IRA CIUDADANIA, por su sola
voluntad, a su arbitrio, su capri
cho, nuestro gobierno local actual,
puede tener todas, absolutamente
todas, las caracteristicas internas de
un Estado, sin serlo, puede ser
sEstituido por un gobierno militar
Ell derecho de los Estados Unidos
sobre Puerto Rico es, un derecho de
guerra y de conquista. Nuestra ciu-
dadania no afecta sustancialmente
ese derecho. ST alguna imitaci6n
tiene Ell Congreso Federal en- rela-
ci6n con nuestro pueblo, 81 alguna
Inca de conducta DEFNIDA, CO.
mo dice I'd, DETERMINADA,
como digo yo, tiene impuesta sobre
81 Ell Congreso en- relaci6n a nos
otros, no parte del hecho de nuestra
ciudadania: Sc la impuso ell Dere-
cho Constitutional doctrinario nor
teamericano, mucho antes de que So
nara La grande y poderosa Repdbli-
ca echar volar, en- singulares vue-
los oceanicos, sus aguilas portento-
sas, a la persecution del fStigado
loon hispano: ala para los amos me-
morables en- que ell case de Drod
Scott VS.. Sanford proclam6 'Ia
inexistencia de poder constitucio-
nal alguno que autorizase al Conf
greso Federal para establecer =
mantener CoLoNIAS fronterizas a !
los Estados Unidos distancia de
sus costas''. Fuera de esa limita-
cion, 5cual otra existe? Y 81 ningu-
ma existe, Gque status politico ls
determine a la entidad Pueblo de
Continta en- la pag. IA
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1925-09-08

sr. Don Joaquin D. Yordan,
Guayanilla.
Mi estimado amigo:
Recojo las alusiones personales
de su Carta, pubhcada en- Ell
MuNDo correspondence al del
cursante mes de setiembre, y no las
contesto porque, desde I'm principle,
entendi y continto entendiendo,
que la grave y delicada situaci6n
moral que crea, en- las filas republi-
canas de la Ahanza, la Resolution
concurrente No. 6 del Sr. Tous
Soto, y las pdbhcas exphcaciones
de su autor, debe estudiarse, con-
siderarse y resolverse en- la serena
altura de las ideas, sin prsonalis-
mos de clase aIguna, menudo in
justos v enojosos siempre.
Paso por alto, pues, dichos con-
ceptos, y voy directamente al fon-
do del asunto, que vuelvo tratar,
en- esta nueva contestaci6n a I'd,
porque, entire los parrafos de la
suya que me ha sido possible com
prender, he creido advertir, en- mi
humilde criterio, determinadog
errores juridicos, de trascendencia
y de importancia sumas para un
buen y recto entendimiento de
nuestro proble1na politico insular
Afrma I'd, 81 he te1ido Ia suer-
te de NTERPRETAR bien, los ST.
guientes hechos:
a1-el Congreso Nacional conce-
di6 la ciudadania de los Estados
unidos al Pueblo de Puerto Rico;
2-esa ciudadania incorpora def
nitivamente al cuerpo politico de la
Naci6n ell Pueblo de Puerto Rico;
3-la concession de esa ciudada-
MIA define, completa y absolutamen-
te, Ell Status politico de Puerto
Rico;
4-cada ciudadano del Territorio
es una unidad federativa en- ell cuer
pc politico nacional;
5-la voluntad de los ciudadanos
del Territorio, para que este sea
admitido como Estado en- la Fede-
raci6n, debe expresarse por medic
de un Plebiscito;
6-Ese plebiscito solo podra usar
Sc para declarar la intenci6n del
ingreso de nuestro pueblo la Fe-
deraci6n, como un Estado mas en-
la misma.
-Ese prebiscito es un privilegio
que podemos usar Inicamente previa
la authorization del Congreso Fede-
raj.
8-Existen vfnculos constituclo-
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1925-09-08

Los partidarios rectilineos
v hermeticos de la Estadidad,
como soluci6n unica possible
al problema de nuestra So
berania, parten, manifesto
mente, de evidentes errores
jurfdicos., 70 soy partidario
resuelto de esa solucion, pc
ro, en- su defecto, antes que
la perpetuidad de la Colonia,
bajo la etiqueta o marca de
fabrica, del Territorio, aspire
la Solucion alternative que
nos brinda nuestra soberania
fuera de la Federation Ne
gar la posibilidad legal de
ambas soluciones, dentro de
la Constitution, es ignorar ell
texto de la Constitution Y
desconocer la evoluci6n y la
historic del immortal docu-
mento: La independence pa
ra Puerto Rico es tan consti-
tucional como la estadidad.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
SOCIAL ENTERTAINMENTS
OF DELEGATES ELABORATE

As hosts to the visiting delegates
and others attending the convention
Aberdeen local Union organizations.
furnished splendid series Of social
affairs.
Monday night the grand convention
bah in the Auditorium was attended
BY over 400 people. Dancing contin-
ued until one o'clock. Bezans0n's g.
piece orchestra furnished the music.
Tuesday afternoon automobiles
were provided for all who wished to
attend the clam bake at Pacific
Beach. The caravan left convention
headquarters about 2:S0 p. m. and
reached the beach in time for bathing
and sight seeing before the call to
supper in the tourist park. Dancing
in the pavilion was feature Of the
evening, with a four-piece orchestra
under Bob ziegler, chairman Of the
music committee, as director. And
don't forget the work Of the High Tide
committed
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

handled by two or more wholesalers
before being sold TO a retailer.
Output Not DeveIoped
%. The production Of anthracite
mas not developed with demand In
spite Of steadily increasing prices
and large untouched coal lands reserv.
es OF the railroad coal companies {
some of which at the present rate -
production would last more than =
hundred years, the output has re-
NAMED comparatively stationary for
number Of years. In order that the
present generation may have an adj
equate supply of anthracite at = res..
sonable price, more effective competi-.
ton must be reestablished. Completa
restoration Of competition Is not onIv
practicable in the anthracite Industry
IN the opinion of this commission
but also in preferable to price reeula,
tion which has often been advocated
with respect to this industry"
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, July 16.-
Whether there win be strike IN the
anthracite and bituminous coal fields
this fall depends on the operators
that much is certain. international
officials Of the United Mine Workers
have made that plain. President
Lewis has said on numerous occa-
sions that the miners do not want g
strike or q shutdown in the indus
try; they are also equally determined
that the operators Of the soft coal
regions carry out the terms Of their
agreement made at jacksonville about
two years ago
This determination has set the Gov
etnment agoe, and there is consider
able speculation IS to the outcome. In
any event the Department Of Com
merce has mildly suggested that Il
would be q good iden for the public
to lay in its coal supply now IN view
Of the situation. Il is also pointed
out that coal is about as cheap as it
ever win Be.
II the hard coal region the miners
have asked an increase IN wages for
10Th day men and miners. The 0p-
orators are quoted IS saying that
nog VIII insist On a reduction in
ass in order to make business bet
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
Strike Up To Operators;
Workers Want Mines Open

Ter, ? although law suits have been
suggested against the "hard coal
monopoly" because of high prices
charged for coal by the anthracite
owners. The big profits made by the
hard coal producers seem to bear out
the contention that the anthracite in
dustry is closely held
District officials in the anthracite
jurisdiction Of the United Mine oper-
ators are ioekeging for shutdown in
order to clean up on surplus coal now
IN storage, which some producing au-
thoritiez say Is close around 10000
900 tons. Mine worker officials, how
ever, say that the tonnage in storage
is far below the figure quoted and
that most Of the coal in stock is Of
size not used by the general consnm-
ers Of hard coal HoWaeef, II the
producers have big tonnage ii stor-
age and boost the price, say 81 ton
they stand to clean up nice roll at
the expense Of the coaI-buying pub
lie.
It is a generally accepted fact that
the stock Of soft coal IN the country
IS at low ebb and that any kind Of
strike or shutdown would be felt By
the public. Reports from various
coal districts say there IS tendency
toward increased production
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
BIG LABOR CONVENTION
CLOSES YESTERDAY 1925
MEET WILL Be EVERETT

81
After being IN session here for the
greater part of the week the State
Federation Of Labor brougt to close
its oath annual convention here yesA
terday afternoon Everett was chosen
as the next convention city, thus TAX
ing the ranks. of organized labor in7
70 the front line trenches Of Governor
Hartley. bitter opponent Of organized
labor
A I=solution was unanimously pass
ed requiring every man who is dele
gate to the next Federation Of Labor
convention to wear eight articles of
clothing with union labels thereon,
and for each woman delegate to wear
at least three.
The authorization of drive to
bring all labor unions not now afiliat-
ed with the State Federation Of Labor
into the fold 50 as to make it 100 per
cent organized.
At the close Of the discussion on the
child labor amendment the federation
passed q resolution asking that the
Child Welfare conference composed Of
representatives Of 21 women's organ
izations assume charge Of the cam
paign for ratification. Of the amend
ment. Full support was pledged by
the federation to the cause.
George Brewer, Of the Railway Lo-
connective Engineers international
body, spoke on the progress and suc-
cess Of the banks established in var
ious parts Of the United States by
the Engineers.
Several Of the delegates imme-
diately left town after adjournment.
The executive council goes into ses-
sion this afternoon at the Morck
Hotel.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

Free Yapaevillk at the Dan theatre
wa slated 70 Wednesday NIGHT and
the opportunity to see one Of the fine
bills presented by the Western Vaud-
eyille Association was taken in by
every union person on the Harbor to
judge from the size of the house.
A special entertainment for the vis-
iting plumbers was given at Moose
hall by the local union Saturday night,
while the local Painters provided the
delegates to the Northwest Painters
Conference with banquet in Eagles
Hall.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
FEDERAL TRADE Commission CHARGES
MONOPOLY CAUSES HIGH PRICES OF COAL

WASHINGTON D. c. July 16-Egh prices of anthracite coal
are caused largely BY monopoly in the anthracite industry
Federal Trade Commission charges submitted
gess In letter OF submtal the commission says that the
principal points developed in the report the premium prices of
anthracite may be concisely stated, follows:
Il long period of onopostc combination in the anthracite
industry now largely abaed by judicial decrees) has re-
suited IN concentration the ownership lands the fail
e to increase mining capacity adequately that production
not developed with deand in the establishment of an unduy
general price level and in times of temporary apparent
shortage II high premium at the which have enco
aged and facilitated the taking profits both bv
and retailers. = - S y "sa'S
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

independents Also to Blame
q. In such times Of temporary or
anticipated shortage, the independent
companies have sole, at price higher
BY widely varying amounts OF premi-
ums than those announced by the rail-
road coal companies, while at other
times, especially in the dull late spring
season, the independents have sold
for less than the railroad companies.
The causes OF the high premium prices
which were charged the anthracite
consumer In 1922 and 1928, was an
actual shortage of coal in 1922 and q
merely anticipated shortage in 1928.
which, aggravated by the panic fear
OF buyers gave the opportunity for
the high premium prices, charged by
independent operators for small pro-
portion of the total output. During
August, 1928, for example, when the
highest railroad coal company price
was $8.S5 per gros ston, wholesalers
reported purchases from Independent
operators of a considerable tonnage
at $14 or more per ton at the mine.
%. These high mine prices have
sometimes been alleged to be justified
BY high mine costs, but such very high
costs would indicate either that pro-
duction policies were arbitrarily con-
Quoted to give that result, or that the
mining conditions were so unfavor-
able that production should have been
discontinued and mining labor divert
led to less eKpensive workings
Big Profits for WHOLESALERS
"a, The existence of a wide range
in the mine prices charged for an
thracite in the fall of 1923 enabled
wholesalers to exact very large gross
profits. In September and October,
1928, after the brief strike in Sep
tember, the gross profits realized by
wholesalers reporting to the commis-
sion ranged as high as $1.75 per ton,
and amounted to 81 or more per ton
on about to II per cent Of their
reported weekly sales. In August,
Immediately preceding the strike
gross profits ranging as high as $3.65
per ton were reported. The exorbi-
tant character of such profits is evil
dent when it is realized that these
wholesalers sell in carload lots with
out physically handling the coal, and
that even the gross profit allowed
during the war was only 20 cents per
ton in the eastern States.
"5. The existence of high premium
prices at the mine has also led to
speculative sales among wholesalers,
thereby further enhancing the price
paid by the retailer. During August
and September, 1928, from one-third
to more than two-fifths of the report
ed sales of premium anthracite was
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
or REHEARING DENIED

CHEYENNE, Wyo.. July 16.--Fed-
eral Judge Kennedy has denied The
governments plea that the Teapot
Dome aDnulment suit be reopened. At
torneys for the government assured
the court they have secured addition
al testimony.
Judge Kennedy's approval of the
Teapot Dome lease Is opposite to Fed
eral Judge MrCormick's disapproval
Of the Sinclair lease Of the Elk Hills
oil reserves.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
PLUMBERS
HOLD conferences

Thirty delegates from the North
west attended the Anpnal Session Of
the Northwest Painters Conference
held Saturday and Sunday y Eagles
Hall.
Portland, Ore, vas chosen as the
next convention city n 1928.
Painters problems and conditions
2 tas NoIteBszs B.. we're aus. alseesssa' vs''l
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

Continued on Page 6
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
WAGES Low IN MONTANA

SEATTLE, July 16--Wages are low
and work is scarce in Montana, said
Vice President j. N. Belanger, vice
president Of the Washington state
federation Of labor, on his return
from the annual convention Of the
Montana state federation Of labor,
which he attended as a fraternal dele
gate.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
1875 CONVENTION
SETS HIGH MARK N
G0nSTRBGTIVEHORK

The twenty-fourth Annual Convens
ton Of the Washington State Fedora
tion Of Labor was opened in Eagles
hall Monday morning ct 1000 q. m.
with J. !. Blake presiding as tenn
porary chairman.
Mr.. Blake outlined the entertain
ment program for the week as ar
ranged By the general arrangements
committee, Of which he is chairman.
He then introduced Mayor G. M.
Cloud Of Aberdeen, the first Of trio
Of welcoming addresses IN behalf Of
the city Of Aberdeen, J. w Clark,
for the Chamber Of Commerce. and
Chairman Blake with greetings from
labor organizations being the other
speakers.
Permanent Chairman w. n. Short
as president sf the Washington State
Federation Of Labor having talsen
over the chairmanship Of The conVenv
ton; responded on behalf Of the dele
gates, and gave q brief outline Of the
work to come before the convention;
chief Of which were the Child labor
law, allotted al day Wednesday for
discussion, resolution to the legis-
lature to enact peaceful pickesing
law, and reviewed the past year as
one Of the best in the Federation's
history with freedom from strikes
and harmony in the ranks.
The membership Of nine important
committees was announced as follows;
Constitution, John H. Jepsons chair
man. Seattle; Auditing Andrew Win
berg, chairman, Aberdeen; Labels and
Unfair List, Rose Bortz. chairman,
Tacoma; Credentials, Alice Lord,
chairman, Seattle; Legislation, Dave
Beck, chairman, Seattle; Grievances
Bob Lankdon, chairman Olympia !
Resolutions. David Levine. chairnan'
Seattle; Officers Reports, Leo Flynn,
chairman, Seattle; Rules and Order
Of Business, H. G. Pickering chair
man Of Tacoma.
Greetings were brought to the con-
vention IN the afternoon session from
the Montana State Federation through
its President Stephen Ely; the Oregon
State Federation through President 4.
=. Taylor, and by E. P. Marsh, repre-
senting the United States department
of Labor The principal speaker Of
Monday afternoon was E. P. Marsh,
former president Of the state fedora
tion. and now commissioner Of concil-
;ation of the United States depart
nfent OF labor. He spoke upon the
menace Of cheap Mexican labor.
Governor Hartley Played
A strong attack upon Governor
Hartley was launched at the opening
Of the Tuesday morning session when
the report 81 the executive board was
read. This report declared that the
Governor had lived up to every pre-
Tfonfinned On PAGE Six1
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17

official "a 81 the Aber-
deea Ce Abor Council.
Haquian TI es and Labor
Council an The Washington
State Federation of Labor.
Southwest Washington labor press. [volume] (Hoquiam, Wash.) 19??-19??, 1925-07-17
STREET CAR MEN STRIKE

DES MONIES, Iowa, July 16.--
Street car men in this city suspended
work to enforce observance of their
contract.