Evening star., 1925-08-12

carries two observers, awho are able
| to study the ocean bed through pris-
| matte telescopes, while adequate light
ing Is provided by powerful fllumtna.
| tors. Cameras and various devices Tor
propulsion and scientific observation
are attached to the apparatus, and are
controlled electrically from within.
1.-THE experimental explorations
which we shall make in the Mediter-
| ranean are the final test of a perfected
apparatus" said DR.. Hartman on his
arrival here,
What may be the practical value Of
deep-sea exploration remains to be
seen, but it Is safe to predict that
future generations will be largely de-
pendent upon the sea for oil, ore, coal
and even food.
"Seven-tenths of the earth's surface
lies under the liquid veil of the ocean.
FiVe-tenths of all the earth is covered
by water $4,000 to 10000 feet deep. In
| at least 20 places this depth reaches
| 25, 900 feet.
"All this enormous area remains
| uneXplored and practically unknown
| beyond the 30O-foot limit of the divers
| physical endurance.
1T is not strange that man should
| be turning back for sustenance to the
sea, because according to science he
emerged from the sea many ages ago
| in the form of an amphibian. The
earth is approaching the limit of it's
food and material resources, and in
the not too distant future man must
| look toward the sea to help out the
| land in supporting him.
knowledge of the sea and its
| treasures is closely bound up with the
future of the human race. The area
1 l1E
| square miles, of which only 55 million
are land. The unexploited resources
| of the ocean must be enormous, but
great ingenuity needs to be applied
before they can be made accessible.
Resources Are Vast.
| THE animal and plant resources of
| the ocean probably exceed those of
| the land. Biologists assure us that
| the mineral wealth OF the sea is also
| much greater than that of the land
areas. Oil-bearing strata are known
| to exist in many places beneath the
ocean bed. The time will come when
| the subaqueous world will be regard
ed as of more vital importance than
| the land areas.
EARLY in September I shall begin
the exploration of the bed of tf
| Mediterranean, which is historys
most venerable area. We shall select
moderate depths of 1000 to 5000 feet
\ for our earlier experiments.
THE diving apparatus will accomo-
date two persons and will be lowered
| by a vessel from a cable. With 1t
| we hope to demonstrate mans first
conquest of the tremendous pressures
of ocean depths. 1t will make pos
sible the actual observation and
| photographing of submarine condi-
| tions.'
The perfected Hartman apparatus
| is now being completed and assem-
bled in Essen. 1t is constructed of a
| special steel alloy, similar to the ma
terial used in the long distance guns
of the World War. The Krupp engi-
neeTs have guaranteed it to with
stand a pressure of $4,000 feet, and
have equipped it with steel wire
| cable measuring two and a half miles
| in length.
DR.. Hartman's assistants will meet
him at Genoa on September is. The
| initial surveys will be made in the
Bay of Naples, off Posilipo, where
| massive ruins of a city, known to
geopraphers as ''the submarine
Pompeii," lie in comparatively shall
low water. This subaqueous city is
! probably the old Paleopolis, one of the
earliest Greek colonies on Italian soil
About a month later the party will
sail for the coast of North Africa,
where Investigations will be carried
! out near Carthage, seat of Phoeni-
| clan and earlier civilizations, where
psychologists hope to find clues to
1.-THE riddles of mankinds earliest his
| tory.
Details of the Apparatus.
| Throughout the Investigations the
| operator and his scientist observer
will be seated on revolving saddles,
one above the other, in their deep
sea apparatus. They will ride COM
fortably and absolutely free from
pressure. The cylinder is equipped
! with a 36-hour oxygen supply and a
chemical filter for absorbing the ex-
hailed carbon dioxide.
| Instead of the triple plated glass
port holes used in DR.. Hartman's ear
lier experiments, the improved in
vention has several telescopes, each
fitted with a number of small disks
or prisms of magnifying power. There
| is also a periscope, a radio outfit, a
telephone, an ozone generator and
various instruments for recording
! temperature and pressure installed
| in the interior of the chamber
| Powerful illuminators of high ac-
! tinic quality and a deep-sea motion
picture camera are inclosed in ex-
! terror projections controlled from
| within.
An ever-present danger is the break
age or ENHANCEMENT of the support
| ing cable. In the event of this
emergency, the operator will press an
| electric switch which releases the
heavily-weighted battery box at the
| bottom of the cylinder. Maintaining
| it's perpendicular suspension by means
of three electrically driven propellers,
the cylinder will instantly ascend to
| the surface.
After the maximum pressure re-
sistance of the present cylinder has
been gradually tested, a process re-
! quiring a year or more, DR.. Hartman
proposes to build another apparatus
| of q more complicated design, In
| which he will attempt to reach the
! extreme ocean depths.
/ Copyright. 1925. by North American News
| paper -Alhance.