Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-12-19
Threatens to Equal Famous
Contest of 1919-Both
Sides Map Program.
BORAH LEADS ATTACK
ON TRIBUNAL ENTRY
Debate to Continue Until Recess.
Reservations Offered by
Opposition.
BY e.. GOULD LINCOLN.

With the World Court debate fairly
launched at last, the Senate Will give
its attention to that problem until il
adjourns Tuesday for the Christmas
holidays While no order OF speechea
has been arranged for Monday, it Is
expected that Senators Pepper O:
Pennsylvania. Willis and Fess Of Ohio
md Senator Walsh Of Montana will
re among those taking part in the de
bate. AL are supporters of the pro
posal that the United States adhere
TO the World Court With the reserva
tons laid down by President Coolidge
The opposition turned It's biggeS
gun on the World Court proposal yes
terday afternoon-Senator Borah Q:
Idaho.
Both sides claim 10 be friends o.
peace. The opposition to entry into
the World Court. however, holds tha'
the court is merely the judicial dc
partment Of the League Of Nations.
Independence Argued.
The supporters Of the court, on the
other hand, argue the independence
of the court, insisting that it is gov
erned by the statute creating 1t and
not by the league.
The issue has been joined It Is.
Does the World Court exist merely as
an appendage or a component part O.
the League of Nations? The oppo
nents of the court will seek desper-
ately to. prove the affirmative. The
supporters of the court will seek just
as desperately to prove the negative.
The World Court controversy threat
ems to become another League of Ma
tons fight = provided, of course. the
opponents Of the court are successful!
in q considerable degree in persuadinC
The Senate and the public to take their
view of the case.
Senator Borah offered three proposed
reservations TO the adherence of the
United States to the court: reservd-
tons which are intended to render in
nocuous the participation Of the
United States in the court and which
might not be acceptable to the other
nations which have approved the stat
ute creating the court
Court Warmly Defended
While Senator Borah attacked the
court proposal, it was warmly defend
ed yesterday by Senators Lenroot OF
Wisconsin and Walsh of Montana
The question of American politics
in the World Court issue raised its
head. Senator Lenroot declared that
senator's We're bound by the Republi-
can and Democratic national plat
forms. both OF which strongly sup
ported adhesion of the United States
to the World Court.
Replying to this suggestion, Sena-
tor Borah said that soon after tho
platform had been adopted he had
announced he would not be bound by
the World Court plank contained IN
IL. He continued:
do hal no o{r
ator here would think of voting for
adherence to the World Court if he
had conscientious convictions against
it, merely because of its being in u
political party platform. ] predict that
each senator will vote his convictions
and not his platform. Any senator
who does not will be the slimiest crea-
ture who ever wriggled his way
through the Senate of the United
States"
Reservations Offered.
The reservations offered by Senator
Borah are as follows:
The adherence of the United States
TO the statute OF the World Court is
conditional upon the understanding
that nothing contained in the statute
shall be so construed as to require the
United States to depart from it's tradi-
tional policy of not intruding upon or
interfering with or entangling itself
in the political questions or policy or
internal administration Of any foreign
state; nor shall anything contained III
the said statute be construed to imply
d REIMBURSEMENT by the United States
of America of its traditional attitude
toward purely American questions.
The adherence of the United States
to the statute of the World Court Is
conditioned upon the understanding
that no jurisdiction shall be exercised
by or conferred upon, and no duties
nor service shall be performed by or
imposed upon or required or requested
Of the court other than such as now
provided for in the statute of the court
unless the statute is amended in duo
form and such amendment is ratified
by every nation signatory to the
protocol of adherence TO the statute OF
the court.
Would Deny Force.
THE adherence of the United States
is conditioned upon the understanding
that no force or economic sanction
shall at any time be used or employed
to enforce the judgments, DEGREES or
opinions of the court.
Senator Borah quoted various mem
hers of the committee of jurists To
prove that the intention of the fran
ers Of the status of the World Court
had been to create legal department
and a component part of the League
Of Nations, among them Elihu Root
and Leon BurgeolS.
Senator Walsh, replying to these
arguments of Senator Borah declared
that the language of the statute alone
must be considered in constituting It,
and that this statute had been adopt
ed by the individual nations and not
by the League of Nations. He referred
to the fact that the Supreme Court OF
the United States has held many
times in constituting the meaning Of
laws enacted by Congress that the
language of the state must be con-
sidered and not the debate of men,
bers of Congress at the time of enact
ment.
Sees League Enforcement.
Senator Borah declared that friends
of the court were mistaken when they
declared that no power except public
opinion is back of opinions and judg-
ments of the World Court. He said
that the league was the enforcing
power, and he argued that it would
even enforce an opinion of the court
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