davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-03-29
THOUSANDS OWE LIVES
TO SAFETY FIRST DRIVE
America, Long Backward in Accident
Prevention, Saved Millions in Money
by Study of European Methods.

paralle1ed the risks of men in battle.
We had adopted a rd-boiled atti-
tude, based on the belief that acct
dents must happen and that they
would probably increase AS a result
the custom and the law put the major
part Of, the responsibility for the
workers safety upon himself Yet in
the face of all this constant death
and injury the workman was without
the habit of safety and caution as We
know it today.
Revolutfonized Industry.
The loss of life and injury to limb,
the loss OF wages and production, the
constant legal pickering created an
intense irritation in the relations be-
tween employer and employe. The
whole system was wrong, and had
been wrong for 100 years, since in
dustry began to revolutionize the
social institution, bringing with the
blessings of prosperity many new
problems, among them the problem
of maintaining the public safety.
Reformers and politicians agitating
the subject clamored for laws and
restrictions. penalties and one-sided
arrangements between employers and
employees, none of which settled the
problem of the mounting accident list
Finally industrial leaders. having
given close attention to all phases of
the problem, laid down the simple
principle that the way to save life
and limb was to make work safe. and
at the same time announced a set of
principles for workmens compensa-
tion which have been adopted almost
universally in this country.
1t was industry. working through
its organization, the National Asso-
citation of Manufacturers, which took
the lead in making industry safe for
worktngmen. The mission to Europe,
undertaken for organized Industry by
Messrs. Emery and Schwedtman, was
the source of the greatest spread of
accident prevention in factories and
other Industrial establishments.
Coined New Phrase.
In addition to the mechanical safe
guards which now characterize
American Industries, the association
is responsible for the campaign of
Evening star., 1925-03-29
The Story the Week Has Told

declared that no special exemptions or
privileges would be conceded to Ger
many should she be admitted by the as
| sembly to membership. We are told,
| however, that informal assurances were
given that, admitted to membership,
Germany would find q council seat wait
ing for her. and, as a matter of fact II
goes without saying that il Germany
becomes member she will have a coun-
Gil seat. 1t requires little mental effort
to discover the special motives behind
the German proposals of exemption. The
Germans wished to bring under discus
sion the disarmament clauses of the
treaty at the very time that German
fulfilment under those clauses was in
question.
One next heard that the German gov
ernment had notified the French gov
eminent of its withdrawal of conditions
two and three cited above. but at the
same time intimated that she would not
apply for league membership prior to
conclusion OF security pact in which
she should participate on equal terms
with France and Great Britain.
Addressing the Commons on the gath.
Austen Chamberlain generously inter-
preted the German proposals. 1 select
some important passages of his speech
for quotation
| properly put in somewhat liquid
shape. They had not been the sub
1eot of any precise or rigid definition.
They are put forward as a possible basis
for discussion, not as a thing to be
taken or left or an agreement al
ready put into a form in which IL
might be signed. They did not come
to me fully in the first instance They
came to Inc in circumstances of at
tempted secrecy which caused me to
feel some suspicion about them.
But I am convinced from what has
passed since that the German gov
ernment are making a sincere and
honest attempt to lead to a better
state of things, and it is in the hope
that we may assist to carry that
effort to fruitful conclusion that we
the British goyernment) have en-
gagged in serious discussion of their
proposals.
They amount. IL / understand It
rightly. to this: That Germany is pre-
pared to guarantee voluntarily what
hitherto she has accepted only under
compulsion of the treaty, the status
quo in the West, and that she is pre-
pared to eliminate war, not merely
| from the West, but also from the
East, an engine by which any
alteration in that treaty position is
| to be obtained.
In regard to her western frontiers
Germany is prepared to renounce all
desire of change and to enter into a
mutual pact to guarantee the exist
ing situation. In suggesting arbitra-
ton in the East she is prepared TO
say that she renounces the idea OF
recourse. TO war to change the from
tiers In the East, but she Is not pre-
pared to say in regard to those from
tiers that she renounces hope some
day to modify some of their provi-
sions by friendly negotiations, by dip
lomatic procedure, or 1t may be, for
aught know, by the good offices of
the League of Nations"
But If really and when the Ger
man proposals are transformed from
liquid to solid shape, is it suppos-
able that they will embody a renun-
citation by Germany of the idea of
recourse to war to change her east
ern frontiers, without q clause in
Evening star., 1925-03-29

@ HE following is brief sum
mary of the most important
news of the world for the
Il seven days ended March 2S:
Great Britain.-Gen. Lord Rawlin-
son, commander in chief of the Brit
ish forces in India, died on March u.
He Is succeeded by Gen. Sir William
Birdwell, who has just been promoted
field marshal. He was cavalryman
with distinguished record prior to
the World War. lie was aide de- camp
to Roberts in India and to Kitchener
in the latter's great Sudan campaign.
He shone brilliantly in the Boer war
and turned out to be one of the ablest
officers Of the World War. He re-
lieved the unfortunate Gen. Cough in
command of the British 9Th Army,
when the latter was forced back by
the German drive of March. 1918. He
was an idol of Tommy Atkins. His
father was the famous orientalist,
Mai. Gen. Sir Henry Creswick Raw
linSon.
France.-Of the several French au-
tomobile expeditions now taking place
in Africa the most adventurous Is that
of Capt. Delingette of the French
army and his wife. They are using
q specially designed six-wheeled car,
presumably a modified Renault.
From Colomb Bechar, in Algeria, to
Burrum (Bourem) on the Niger east
OF Timbuktu, following the Grads
route, they accompanied three other
cars (RenaulD in one of which was
Marshal Franchet D'Esperey on Il
tour Of inspection. While the mar
shal's party continued south, the
)al La q
Chad, via Finder. Leaving Lake Chad,
they propose to drive across French
equatorial Africa. the Belgian Congo,
Rhodesia, Bechuanaland and Cape
Province to Capetown. Thence their
route will be via the Orange Free
State, the Transvaal, Portuguese East
Africa, British East Africa, the Sudan
and Egypt, to Alexandria They left
Colomb Bechar on November Is, 1924,
and expect to be gone three years,
making scientific observations and
collecting data relating to trade and
communications.
1t is still disputed which Is the better
type for crossing the Sahara-the
Citroen caterpillar tractor or the six
wheeled Renault The Renault seems to
have the call slightly. From Colomb
Bechar to the Niger can be made in five
days.
Near the end of February two French
men reached Massowah on the Red Sea,
completing a journey In an ordinary
touring car from Konakry. in French
Guinea, on the Atlantic
X !; !; x
GermaBy-The league council re-
piled the other day to a communication
from the German government which in
timated that the latter might apply for
league membership If the council would
pledge itself as follows: That Germany
would have q seat on the league cour-
ell that Germany would not be required
to perform the military duties to which
league members are liable under Article
XVI of the covenant: that Germany
would not be required to allow passage
through Germany of troops acting under
league mandate
The councils reply said nothing about
a seat for Germany on the council but
Evening star., 1925-03-29

education and publicity which makes
the American public careful. The re-
suit is that America today is think
ing safety first" In 1900 the phrase
had not been coined.
After the movement started by the
National Association of Manufacturers
got we'll under way and the public
learned with horror Of the bloody
toll which carelessness had taken, all
organized, and the profession of
safety engineer came Into existence
Schools began to teach accident pre-
vention. Workmen WED with each
other to see who could take the least
chances, rather than see who could
dare the most
THE one outstanding fact" said C.
W. Price, formerly general manageY
of the National Safety Council, "iS
that We have demonstrated we can
eliminate three-fourths of all acct
dental deaths and serious injuries in
industry
In many dangerous occupations
there actually has been a reduction
of IS per cent; in others accidents
have been reduced to minimum and
fatalities eliminated. Safety engi-
neers sometimes. like to mention the
Ford plant at Detroit, where in one
year only one man in $4,000 employees
was killed In the plant, while 10 were
killed away from their work. The
United States Steel Co. esti-
mates that 1856 persons were saved
from injury or death between 1912
and 1922 as q result Of tho safety
campaign, and that the company
saved moro than s14.ooo,00o.
Saved $4,000. 600 I'm Year.
The United States Shipping Board
reported to Congress that the activi-
ties of its safey engineering section
had effected a saving of $4,000, 900 in
a single year. In these larger fields
safety is now looked upon as d part
OF engineering, with consequent def
mite results.
The safety devices which industry
has adopted are responsible for one
third of the reduction of accidents
the habit of safety on the part of the
American people is responsible for
the rest. The entire accomplishment
has offered a common ground on
which employer and employe meet
with mutual interest and understand
ing and with profit to both. 1t Is one
of the features of the advance of this
country brought about by the leaders
in industry.
Inc united states commission on
Industrial Relations made this state
ment in It's report:
Safety and sanitation progress has
been greatest In the safeguarding OF
workers from Industrial accidents"
The same commission declared that
the National Association of Manu-
facturers had been one Of a group OF
four Industrial organizations which
had done more to make industry safe
than the Federal Government and all
the States combined
Evening star., 1925-03-29
Pledge to German Republic
Seen in Outpouring of Youth

the streets But already every sense
of strain, of tenseness had passed
Germany had greeted the news Of
the Presidents death with manifest
excitement and no little suppressed
anxiety, but a little time passed and
it was then clear that order was as
sured, that in reality there would
be no crisis. Republican grief, Morl
archist hate and Communist passion
all remained carefully compartmented
and suppre ssed.
Reminder of May Day.
Looking backward the whole epi-
sode reminds me Of Paris on the first
May day after the war. when all the
allied world looked with apprehension
at the possibility OF an anarchist ex-
plosion. But then Clemenceau had
said that the Reds should not parade
and had suddenly brought in thou
sands OF troops to handle the situation
shall never forget these troops. still
with the mud of the devastated area
on their feet and uniforms. settling
down placidly in the various squares,
unShipping the tripods of their wicked
little machine guns and setting them
up at convenient points, before they
pulled out their pipes and became the
peaceable poilus of the pictures.
Inere was no disorder IN Paris on
May day, 1919, just as there was no
disorder in Berlin last Sunday, but the
ultimate distinction was that in Paris
a strong man had used an iron hand;
in Berlin you had the conviction that
the absence of trouble had come from
the almost subliminal decision Of prac-
tically all of the people themselves.
They had willed that it should be so.
And 1 shall carry away from Ger
many no more vivid and no more sat
isfying recollection than that of the
faces of the boys who formed the cor
don of honor for the dead President.
At least one may believe that the Ger
man republic is something more than
eyewash for them. that there is a de-
gree of reality about the great change.
the extent of which may still be ques
toned, but is, IN my judgment, too
deeply questioned in other countries.
Copyright. 1921 s
Evening star., 1925-03-29

A RECENT book of fiction con-
~ Germs the Southwest during
~ the period imm ediately fol-
lowing the Civil War. The
author says in his preface that
he read a good many historical books
now out of print to get atmosphere"
for STORY" which was finally ridic
ulous | wonder the author did not
print his historical material and leave
out his foolish story"
x K i. x
Every capable railroad man in this
country is compelled to do his work
while carrying three or four mis-
chievous men on his back. Men fight
him as jurymen, legislators, Con-
gressmen, shippers. Patrons try to
rob him, and, falling, they organize
for attack through the city council.
X 4 x
No boy ever gets enough to eat,
and he resolves when he is his own
boss he will stuff himself. So after
he becomes a man he eats as much as
he wanted when boy, and trouble
results.
know woman who is the wife of
a good man and mother Of two good
sons. Father and the boys are en-
gagged in developing a business, and
work long hours. They are building
an institution that will long endure,
probably, and prove very useful to
it's community. The wife and mother
is devoted to the game called
bridge" and plays every afternoon
and night with women equally shift
less. The neighbors say her man
folks are compelled to eat canned
goods suppers and wait for them. Ere
quently they return home for supper
and find their home maker has not
yet returned from her afternoons
game. The mayor of that woman's
town should walk into her home and
bawl her out. She is making a Ounce
of herself and is a handicap to good
acted as she acts. the neighbors would
promptly reform him. Why not re-
form this silly woman?
x x x <
How universally people give good
advice and how little of it they take
themselves, Although every man is
constantly giving advice. make a suG-
gestion to him and he will take it as
an offense. He cannot understand
| why dull person like you should
advise a bright man such as he is.
x x I; !:
There is a type of woman who
makes me uncomfortable when 1 pass
her on the street. To know her per-
sonally is worse. She has a manner
which seems to say, II have long kept
secret lot of mean things about the
| men and have a notion to tell them"
| 1 wish she would tell her story and
look more cheerful.
x x x x
Why are there so many ignorant
people? Because SO many pay atten-
tion to new things and almost none
to old things of value.
X r = X
We hear a great deal of. reckless
and unsafe automobile drivers. but al
| most nothing is said OF the millions
of safe, polite and intelligent ones.
When you realize that the streets cf
every town and the city are crowded
| with automobiles, it is astounding so
| few accidents occur. Likewise with
| the men. They are viciously abused.
| but how many millions of safe and
worthy ones who never receive a
! kind word,
| x x = ::
| In Miami, Fla, where / spent the
Winter, L know a grandmo other from
| Virginia. Her old friends call her
Miss Matte" I like Miss Matte.
except that she wants to argue and
Evening star., 1925-03-29

| effect embodying guarantee by the
| sIgnatory powers of Germany's right
! to have the eastern frontier questions
srbitrated? To be sure, Article XIV
OF the covenant may be interpreted
| as implying that right, but that Is q
very different proposition" from
such guarantee as the one I have
! suggested. This is one of several
| questions only to be answered when
| the liquid proposals have taken solid
| form.
| Let me add" said Mr. Chamberlain,
significantly, "one other word about
| these proposals. As / understand. no
fruitful issue can come of them unless
We can deal successfully and expedi
, tiously on the one side and the other
with the remaining obligations of dis
armament and with the evacuation of
the Cologne area. But 1t is no part of
| Germany's proposals, and no condition
| that the period of occupation fixed for
remaining in the zone by the treaty of
Versailles should be shortened or al
tered in any way"
The latest is the French govern
| ment has notified the British govern
ment that it would not sign a security
pact with Germany prior to Ger
| many's entrance into the league: nor
| may such a pact directly or inferentially
suggest revision Of any part of the
3.
Nothing could be more interesting
| or instructive than to follow the ne
gotiations and maneuvers in connec-
tion with this important business.
X X !; x
Italy.-On March % the sixth ami
versary of the founding of fascismo
was celebrated throughout Italy.
Amid characteristic scenes of siren
70 nta oI
than a million Fascists swore contin-
uance of fidelity to the cause.
From the balcony of the foreign
ministry at Rome Mussolini in his
black shirt addressed crowd of
150, 900. To the other emotions Of tho
crowd was added the joy of seeing the
duke" fully restored to function aft
er dangerous illness. His excellency
improved to the full the dramatic pos
sibilities Of the occasion.
"This meeting" he shouted, marks
for me and for you total resumption
OF Fascist action against all our enc
mics" pause. all breathing hard.)
viii you follow me?' Well, rather,
| Compared with the ensuing demon
stration, the indications of satisfac-
| ton of Yale or Princeton foot ball
crowd after victory OF their side are
exhibitions of stern self-control.
For those who admire this sort of
thing. this is the sort of thing they'll
admire.
on March 20 Mussolini received d
tremendous ovation from the Fascist
members on his first appearance in
| the chamber after his long illness.
But the Communist members at
tempted a. counter demonstration.
| whereupon, after brief but fierce
struggle, the Fascista literally threw
the little group of Communists out
Of doors.
The great strike in Italy seems to
be over. but apparently the Fascist
| trade unionists did not carry out any
of their dreadful threats against the
| Socialist trade unionists. who an
swered the threats by delaying their
return TO work.
If the 10,o00-ton Trento and Trieste.
now under construction, come I'D TO
expectations. they will be the fastest
cruisers in the world. They are de-
Evening star., 1925-03-29
BY CLIFFORD PINCHOT,
Governor of Pennsylvania,

The line between the cocktail be-
fore dinner and the flood of poison
alcohol, which is carrying crime, dis
ease and death to the people Of the
United States, may be easy to draw
in theory. In practice it cannot be
drawn. This flood of poison alcohol,
according to the coroner of Philadel-
phia, takes a yearly toll of 1000 lives
in that city alone. The man who
creates a demand for this stuff by
buying it is morally as guilty as the
bootlegger who supplies 1T. He
ought to be as guilty legally as well.
A bill to check this flood of poison
at its source was just now defeated
in the Pennsylvania Legislature.
Said the Philadelphia Inquirer, the
principal Republican Journal in the
State:
Yesterday a majority of the House
of Representatives at Harrisburg
went on record in defense of murder
by the poison route"
Human nature is full of queer
slants. Every now and then you find
a man or group, otherwise sane and
reasonable, doing or saying some
thing that makes you question
whether they are in thef right
minds after all.
Evening star., 1925-03-29

Continued from First Page)
Bridge, coming down out Of the
crowded northern and eastern sec
tions of Berlin, where the masses live.
was a marching mass of men and
women, several hundred strong. car
rying two red flags. You had a sense
Of gasping as these visible signs of
revolution, of anarchy, of Bolshevism,
swept into the square before the old
palace, marched swiftly through the
square, turned abruptly off to the left
by the great war memorial in front of
which old Emperor William I stares
toward the empty palace of his an
cesters, once the home also of his
grandson.
Red Flag Unnoticed.
Looking for some sign of collision
did see two or three files of police
men, marching like soldiers, carrying
carbines. crossing the square, but
they seemed to have nothing to do
with the red flag; in fact one squad
marched away from 1t. Manifestly,
they were no more than reliefs of the
various guards. A few hundred men
and boys trooped after the red flag
gers. but the mass of the people
proceeded undisturbed. You had an
instant perception that order must
be fairly assured, for on no other
basis would the red flag have been
permitted.
This Communist demonstration, L
take it. was the protest of the Com
munfsts against the ceremony of hon
oring the dead of the war, a clumsy
form OF protest against war, itself.
one may guess; but what would
have been the fate of similar DEM
onstration on Memorial day, say in
Madison Square in New York, when
exercises in honor of our fallen SOL
diers were insulted by the presence
of marching Boishevists openly show
ing the red flag?
For the rest the Memorial Sunday
passed without the shadow of a dis
turbance. The crowds swelled up to
unbelievable density on all the main
thoroughfares by early afternoon.
They were still moving slowly back
and forth at II o'clock when l quit
Evening star., 1925-03-29
"what Is Christianity 2,

ST. Luke, 9:23-"If any man will
come after me, let him deny himself,
and take up his cross daily, and fol-
low me-"
TN answer to the above question,
we have the expressed judgments
of multitude of teachers.
Through the long centuries OF
time one cult and another has
attempted to construct definite plat
form setting forth the content of
Christianity. In the present hour
there is no dearth of teachers or
schools of thought, all busily engaged
in seeking to define an answer to the
question What is Christianity The
Gospels of the New Testament have
been microscopically studied, along
with the Pauline Epistles, for the
purpose of work mig out a platform
that would express in clear and deti-
mite terms the mind of the Master
and His followers. Doubtless much
has been contributed of great value,
and the world has been enriched by
The scholarship of those who have
been with Jesus and learned of
Him" There is a widespread feeling
today that more and more we must
turn to Jesus Himself for an inter
probation of His own high purpose
and for a better understanding of His
fell from His lips in which He more
clearly set forth what, according TO
Ills own mind, was to be the govern
ing principle Of those who accepted
His leadership. If We are to heed
the demand that is so frequently
heard today, namely, back to Christ"
we must discover in His express
teachings the designs and high pur-
poses of His ministry, as well as His
viii concerning those who would
come after Him.
The above text contain. one of His
most striking utterances, and in it
self furnishes concrete answer to
the question, What is Christianity"
According to this statement and
others like it, II is the substitution of
Christ's will for our will. His
philosophy and purpose for our phil
nsophy and purpose. In another place
He declared, IF any man willeth to
do my will, he shall know Of the
teaching" 1t was no easy or So
called comfortable gospel that He
taught. Submitting His own life as
an example, He demanded that those
who accept His standard must be
ready to yield their wills to His, and,
following His example, suffer, If need
be, for the great principles He laid
down. Chesterton we'll says, "It is
not that Christianity has been tried
and found wanting; it has been tried
and found difficult"
1t would sometime seem today, as
one studies the teachings of the
Church, that one of the essential ele-
ments of Christian living, namely, the
heroic, has been quite lost sight of.
Christianity has largely been q mat
ter of saying something rather than
of being something. II has satisfied
itself with a profession of faith that
involves little or nothing of sacrifice
In its endeavor to attract new con-
verts 10 its standards it has not suffi-