davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-09-20
League, Created as Super-State,
Has Failed to Carry Out Mission

portant discussions. such, for exam
pie, as that over the security pact and
German entrance into the league, re-
main the province of the Quai d d'Orsay,
Downing street and Wilhelmstrasse,
and every affirmative effort OF the
league, like the Cecil pact and the
protocol, has been promptly smothered
by one or more foreign offices.
When nations have agreed among
Icy, such, for example, as may be ex-
pressed in a security pact, the league
will be a convenient place to express
the agreement, but that agreement
will not be begun, Influenced or con-
Quoted by the league, and its impor.
tance will not lie In the fact that 1t
has been registered with the league,
but in the signatures attached to it,
expressing the will Of the signatory
POwerless In Trouble.
In the past six years we have had
wars-and the league could do moth
ing to prevent them. We have had
threats OF war-and in their presence
the league was powerless. We have
had war-breeding issues decided by
the league-and the decision of the
league has been accepted only because
the physical strength of the nations
interested in maintaining the decision
exceeded that of those who would
challenge it. But the fact that the
league gave Upper Silesia to Poland
and deprived Lithuania Of Wilma has
not established the moral warrant Of
the settlement either in Germany or
in Lithuania, and both questions re-
main exactly as full of war-breeding
possibilities as before Geneva spoke
Nor have the decisions Of the league
In the Sarre, Danzig, Mosul or East
ern Galician questions been any more
def1nitive.
In sum, then. it seems to me dim.
cult to escape the conclusion that
while the league has become an estab-
lished institution with many useful
functions, and its annual session gains
In world interest, 1t has SO far failed
to acquire any real and effective au.
thority over the policies Of nations,
and on the whole has lost ground
rather than gained 1t in this respect,
as nations have escaped from the i'm
mediate consequences Of the war and
tended to return to the methods and
policies which are traditional and
founded upon national conception of
national interest.
Still Has Hold.
1t retains Sufnc1ent hold upon the
Imagination of the masses to make it
the part Of wisdom for statesmen to
avoid public f1outing Of 1t and even
to pay it lip service, but this moral
influence is not sufficient to persuade
Britain to accept the protocol or
France to surrender its defensive al
liances. Statesmen go to Geneva and
strive to gain the support of the
league for their respective causes, but
they do not change or modify their
policies or surrender the smallest bit
of national control to international
supervision. Thus, in the larger sense,
as an agency dealing with peace and
war, the league remains where 1t
started. perhaps measureably weak
ened by the decline of the internation-
al spirit and the marked accentuation
of nationalism. In word, in every
practical sense 1t is still an expert
ment.
Copyright. 1920
Evening star., 1925-09-20
Male Birds Gorgeous Plumage Wasted;
Mates Are Color Blind, Scientist Saws

The gorgeous, shimmering, blue
green tail of the male peacock and
the proud feathers of the barnyard
rooster may mean nothing at all to
the modest pea hen and the little
red pullet, for birds do not look at
things the way people do. That, at
any rate. is the conclusion drawn by
DIR. H. Erhard of Munich, who has
experimental with the eyesight Of
birds at the university eye clinic
there.
DR.. Erhard found that both male
and female birds that fly by day
see everything In bright red-orange
light, for they are but slightly sensi.
tive to the short waves Of light that
make blue and violet visible. Night
birds, on the other hand, never see
red, for they are more or less in
sensitive to the colors at that end
of the spectrum. These facts may
give clue to bird behavior and shake
the Darwinian theory that the beau
tiful plumage Of birds is due to
selection by their mates. 1t Is a curl
GUS point that blue and violet colors
are as often found In the feathers
Of day birds as other colors.
The difference In vision between
the day and night birds IL due to
tiny globules Of oil in the retlnas Of
the eyes, according to DR.. Erhard.
Evening star., 1925-09-20
ELUSIVE @VTTAMIN A. is FINALLY
LOCATED BY JAPANESE CHEMIST
Tiny Bit Keeps Up Growth of Rats, While Overdose
Kills the Animal-Possibilities of New
Process Are Almost Limitless.

cous. with a characteristic but not
disagreeable odor and a slightly bitter
taste, resembling somewhat the yell
low matter of carrots and green
leaves. 1t Is not so unstable as had
been supposed, for 1t can be distilled
In a vacuum without decomposition.
The courtesy Of chemistry gives to
the discoverer of a compound, like the
father Of child. the right to christen
it, and fortunately for the rest of
the world the Japanese chemists
have not insisted upon giving their
find Japanese name. They have
Instead called 1t "biosterin," because
1t resembles in composition and be-
havior the already known "choles-
terin." which occurs commonly in
plant and animal cells, although its
function is still a mystery.
One Of the interesting peculiaritfes
of biosterin is that 1t will print it's
image on q Photographic plate in the
dark-that Is, 1t acts like radium In
giving on some sort Of active rays or
emanation capable of producing an
impression on the sensitive plate as
light does. Various oils and terpenes
Will act like this, but none Of them
are so active.
The effect Of a minute amount of
biosterin on the vital processes is
most amazing. A daily dose of no
more than a millionth Of a gram was
sufficient to keep up the growth Of
young rats that were fed on a diet SO
deficient In this vitamin that thew
would otherwise stop growing and
die: But on the other hand, rats that
took a drop too much died of 1t. like
those who had none. The fatal dose
Is about ten thousand times the nor
NAL ration. so there is ample margin,
and no one is endangered by getting
an overdose Of biosterin in his food
II this turns out to be reallv the
long-sought vitamin, it will mark the
beginning Of a new era in food science
Tor chemists. When the chemist
gets hold Of definite compound he
may make 1t in quantity, or others
similar to 1t, which may have differ-
ent effects. To be able to alter the
nutrttive value and influence of a diet
by adding 2 drop or two of something
puts into the hands Of the chemist
new power of controlling the proc.
esses OF life that may lead to strange
results.
Evening star., 1925-09-20

there are permanent bureaus In Lon
don, Paris, Berlin, Rome and Toxic
with many regular correspondents in
other large centers and a special di-
vision which carries out a continuous
documentary study of Russian eco
nomic affairs. A triple liaison serv-
Ice maintains communication between
international employers organiza-
tions, international workers organi-
cations and cooperative organizations.
An unemployment section handles all
phases Of problems Of protection of
employment.
"One of the most important accom-
plishments of the Office" writes Mr..
Magnusson, has been the annual
translation in English and French of
the principal labor laws of practically
all the countries Of the world Deal
ing as the Office does. primarily with
labor legislation, the Legislative series
Is the core Of its work and the basis of
much of it's research" These publ
cations constitute the only systematic
record Of labor and Industrial legis-
lation that Is obtainable anywhere in
the world.
Evening star., 1925-09-20
May Hunt Seals in Planes.

With the announcement In NJ ,scow
that the Murmansk sealing 'eason
yielded 100000 skins comes -he sug-
gestion Of a scheme to use airplanes
in seal hunting next season. Such
hunting would mean hardships for the
aviator., but is expected to increase
the catch substantially. Cruising
along the ice-covered shores Of the
White Sea searching for the lurking
places Of seals is dangerous. Air
planes could do the scouting and To-
cate the herds and the ship could
then 90 directly to the place.
The Soviet trade fleet has taken
up tho matter seriously and presented
its plan to "Doblolet," volunteer
aviation organization, with the request
that It reply as to cooperating.
Evening star., 1925-09-20
Rhabdomancer Finds
Oil in Earth by Smell

Father Innocence, vicar general of
the Capueine order in Alessandria, is
famous rhabdomancer. BY patting
and smelling the earth he Is able to
tell what Is underneath. This ancient
profession, indispensable to the tribe
in nomad times, Is still valued in
Italy. Father Innocence has found
water-and, what is more interesting
to Americans, oil--in Italy and Tripoli.
Recently, near the village Of Bruggi,
In the Curone Valley, while rhabdo-
mancing around he suddenly an,
nounced: Gold and silver" In fact,
samples of the earth taken to Turin
laboratory were found to contain
grams Of gold and So grams Of silver
per ton Of earth. Not much, but the
townsfolk got excited and capitalized
Father 1nnocenxo's further researches
IN their community. '
Evening star., 1925-09-20

| ing Spanish cooperation. The Span
| ish force of 10000 disembarked on
Alhucemas Bay on September has
made no advance. 1t was to have
been considerably reinforced. but, for
| whatever reason, it has not been (per-
haps, because the proposed reinforce
ments could not be spared from
| Tetuan, where the Rifffans have seri-
| ously threatened. perhaps, because of
| the difficulties of disembarkation): the
Levanter has played the devil with
| Decentralization of supplies (even wa
| ter has to come by boat on the small
exposed beach, and Madrid Is reported
| to be very nervous about the Alhuce-
mas Bay expedition. The best we
are justified in saying Of the Spanish
| is that they seem to be barely holding
their own: though to be sure, to be
/ holding their own against Abd.el-
Krim were a new and exhilarating ex-
perience.
Austria.-I mentioned last week
the resolution of the League Assem-
bly, to end control of the Austrian
| fiscal system except to the extent
necessary to secure the International
rehabilitation loan. But many, per-
haps most, Austfians are not satisfied.
They say that, though the resolution
has a generous sound, control Is not
appreciably relaxed. mot so as you
can see 1t.
Austrian restiveness under league
tutelage Is natural and easily under
stood; the status of wardship Is hui
initiating. But there Is reason to be-
lieve that the wiser Austrians
Though not daring to run counter to
national pride by saying sol are well
content that the league should for
| some time yet stand by to help and,
If necessary, restrain. But of course
the Austrian and German advocates
Of union of Austria with the Reich do
not have to bestir themselves for the
simplest and most effective of argu-
ments; the disinterested and salutary
league control. they call tyranny and
there you are-pride. so-called pa
triotism, ETC., in raucous cry.
X
Turkey.-A new legal code. in most
respects modern Western, Swiss and
German codes being those chiefly fol
lowed, has been completed by a Turk
ish commission and will soon be sub
mitted to the grand national assembly
at Angora. Among its more tmpor-
tant provisions are abolition OF
polygamy and establishment of the
principle of inheritance by will.
A feature not so modern Western
is the severity of penalties for con-
duct prejudicial to the authority of the
state, together with very narrow def
milton of conduct affecting that au
thority. The Koran ceases to be the
fundamental law, and apparently the
function Of the Ulema Is gone.
II
Mosul.-The Turks are behaving
most old Turkishly about Mosul. The
| arguments on both sides of the Mosul
question have been laid before the
league council, and the council is
considering them. But the Turks lack
confidence in their verbal argument
or else would make assurance doubly
sure Therefore they resort to an argu-
ment more congenial to the naughty
sons of Othman and one hitherto
found effective. They threaten war
If the council does not decide In favor
Of Turkey. More than that. Turk
ish detachment has crossed the tempo
rary frontier between Turkey and
Mosul established by the league coun-
Gil and accepted by Turkey on the
Evening star., 1925-09-20
international Information Machine
Backbone of Worldwide Labor Agency

An international information ma
chine OF magnitude never before
achieved has been set up in the five
years OF existence Of the International
Labor Office as the backbone Of its
worldwide legislative program, ac-
cording to Leifur Magnusson, in
charge Of the research in the United
States. In an article in the special
labor office number Of the League Of
Nations News Mr.. Magnusson gives
an account Of how masses OF indus
trial, economic and social data are
drawn from all parts Of the earth.
collated. published and sent forth
again for the use Of all who may be
interested in bettering social stand
ards.
Another writer, w. J. Ellison, a
member Of the labor office staff at
Geneva, reviewing the five years
which have passed since the estab-
lishment Of the organization. declares
that 1.-The principle Of international Ia
Dor legislation has come to stay and
the workers Of the world have already
had cause to be grateful to the states
sighted provisions in their behalf"
Cites Instances or Achievement.
He cites the ratification Of 16O con-
ventions as an indication that a def
mite start has been made toward the
regulation Of hours Of work. unem-
ployment, adequate wage payments.
and injury, protection of children,
young persons and women, provision
for old age in injury, the principle Of
freedom Of association and organixa-
ton Of technical and vocational edu-
cation.
To give an idea Of the operation of
the vast labor office information sys-
tenn, Mr.. Magnusson details the work
Of the Washington branch. of which
he is director:
1.-The Washington branch exists pri-
marily for the purpose Of interpreting
the Industrial and labor situation in
the United States for the central Office.
Obviously the International Labor Or
ganization needs to know the expert
ence Of the United States as the larg-
est industrial country In all matters Of
labor legislation and Industrial rela-
tions and conditions. To that end the
Washington branch collects Federal
and State Government publications in
the field Of labor and industry and
sees to it that they are regularly dis
patched to Geneva. 1t prepares men,
oranda in response to specific inquir-
les from the central Office. Larger re-
searches have also been undertaken
and published as studies Of the Inter.
national Labor Offices. Among these
may be mentioned a study Of the
housing situation In the United States.
the use OF leisure time by industrial
workers, the status Of health insur-
ance and old age pensions in this
country.
For associations and individuals In
this country. the Washington branch
exists to give information concerning
the work Of the Office at Geneva"
In addition to the Washington Office
Evening star., 1925-09-20

mary Of the most important
news OF the world for the
i seven days ended September
10:
The British Empire.-sir william
Joynson- Hicks. popularity known as
Jix, British secretary of state for the
home department., Is now one of the
| most talked-of men in the British
| realm. largely by reason of his barring
the realm to foreign Communists and
Bolshevists. Because of this action
(quite within Sir Williams powers as
home secretary, the recent Inter.
| national Communist Congress- at
Glasgow was not exactly interna-
tional; was, in fact, a hzzle. Sir VIII.
liam is man Of great information
and capacity. an excellent speaker
and q fighter, though a genial one.
The seamen's strike in Australian.
South African and New Zealand ports
continues serious.
Sir John Jordan is dead at 73. He
spent SO years in China and was long
British Minister at Peking. 1t Is un-
fortunate that he should die at this
most acute crisis Of China's affairs,
for no Occidental knew his China bet.
ter. and in him China loses one of her
best friends and wisest counsellors.
France.-In a book entitled 1.-THE
French Debt Problem" Harold G.
Moulton and Cleona Lewis have pro-
duced a wonderfully lucid analysis of
the French fiscal situation. Among
the striking points submitted is the
following: The French people are
paying at least 20 per cent Of the
national income in taxes, as compared
with 1871 per cent paid by the British
and liz per cent paid by the people
Of the United States. But this does
not tell the whole story. The national
income in France is only the equiva-
lent of $195 per capita, as compared
with 1895 in Britain and $605 in the
United States.
The grand conclusion reached by
the authors is that "the facts and
reasoning presented can lead to but
one conclusion-namely, that France
cannot pay anything on her foreign
debts in the near future except by
methods which would only intensity
the general financial difficulties with
which she Is confronted"
Mr.. Moulton Is a director OF the
Institute of Economics at Washing
ton. an institution Of great distinction.
Morocco.-The French, having re-
covered all or nearly all the ground
IOSI Dy IHcIl lHC opk AI6, oio"So ~
their advance and for some days de-
voted themselves to strongly securing
the ground regained and to perfect
ing their communications. They have
now vigorously resumed the offensive
and after fierce fighting have cap
tured the important Bibane position.
Their communiques assert the inten-
ton to ''liquidate" Abd-el-Krim at
once in collaboration with the Span
iSh.
But the country through which the
French are to operate is an increas-
ingly difficult one; that the Winter
rains will intervene to give Abd-el-
Krim a respite is a strong possibility.
And no doubt the Riff1an hero Is
hoping that, If he can hold out until
the rains, there will be political de-
velopments in his favor over the Win
ter; perhaps, the French pacifists Will
win q Winter campaign for him.
1t should be remarked that the
French are none to sanguine regard
Evening star., 1925-09-20

one part and Britain and Irak on the
other pending the councils award as
to Mosul. The detachment has kid
naped one knows not how many AZ
syrian Christians of Mosul and has
caused hundreds of others to fly south.
ward. This "atrocity" may be only
a bluff, but II SO, 1t has been called
by the British government, which has
begun by inviting the league council s
attention to the fiouting by Turkey
Of her engagements to the council.
II Turkey is really looking for trou.
BILE, apparently the British govern
ment is ready to satisfy her, despite
the fury Of protest that assertion Of
the imperial style in tho tradition of
Canning and Palmerston would be
sure to arouse.
Messieurs the Ghazi Mustapha
Kennel and Gen. Ismet Pasha should
remember that the present British
government is Conservative and that
Austen Chamberlain, son of Joseph
and a chip of the old block, Is foreign
minister. 1t will be highly interesting
and instructive to watch the develop
ments of this episode.
The council has forwarded a. copy
Of the British protest to Angora, with
a warning that violation by Turkey Of
her engagements must cause her
moral condemnation by the world.
The Turkish government torrentially
denies that 1t has violated any engage
ments; 1t hasn't, but in view of the
past such denial Is received skeptically.
United States of America. President
Coolidge has appointed an air board OF
distinguished gentlemen, including
some aeronautical experts, to investi-
gate the aircraft situation and make
recommendations as to the air policy.
Dwight w. Morrow, is chairman.
An automobile has crossed the CONT
nent from Washington to Oakland in
days 21 hours and 80 minutes.
The plan Of Mr.. Dexter P. Cooper
for harnessing the tides OF the Bay OF
Fundy to furnish electrical power has
been approved by the people OF Maine.
It requires the approval also of our
Federal Government and the govern.
ment OF Canada. So approved. its sue
cessful operation would transform
Maine into a mighty industrial State,
as to the desirability of which. how
ever. there is no doubt a division of
minds.
The estimated cost of the project is
between $75,000.000 and 100000. 600.
A constant minimum Of 500, 900 horse
power Is contemplated.
Gen. Butler admits that his attempt
to enforce prohibition in Philadelphia
has not been a complete success.
Nathalia Crane. aged IL. Of Brook.
lyn, has received the honor Of election
to membership in the British Society
of Authors. Playwrights and Com
posers, whereof Thomas Hardy, great
est of living writer's is president; and
she deserves 1t. Her book Of verse.
THE Janitor's Boy" has run to seven
editions in this country and two in
England. A second volume, Lava
Lane" appeared a day or two ago.
Some of the poems have very genuine
charm and even poignancy and are
not merely evidence Of precocity.
The American Palestine Lines.
Inc, inaugurated with SO much eclat
only a few months ago. has gone
into the hands of a receiver.
The marriage rate for the entire
country increased slightly; the d.
vorce rate continues to increase ter
rifical1y.
Under instructions from Secretary
Kellogg the American consul general
Evening star., 1925-09-20
NATIONS OF PACIFIC PLANNING
MANY COOPERATION PARLEYS
Interracial Help Ethical, Legal, Scientific, Medi
cal and Other Topics to Be Discussed in Con-
ference in Hawaii, Japan and Latin America.

ton Of passport requirements, COM
munications and transit, postal, cable
and wireless communications; customs
formalities and 80 forth.
The whole question Of arbitration
treaties in the Pacific, it is pointed
out. could be discussed to advantage
at the conference on cooperation, in
Guiding the four-power pact signed at
the Washington conference on limita-
ton of armaments. The question Of
Permanent Court of International
Justice, its functions and the pos
sibility Of uniting the various coun-
tries to adopt compulsory jurisdiction
in legal matters Is another subject
which will be discussed probably at
the conference on cooperation as well
as at fhe legal conference.
THE Pacific regions from now on
must insure the world against the
horrors Of food shortage and its In
evitable conclusion" says a statement
from the headquarters OF the Pan
Pacific Union expressing the aims Of
the organization. 1t considers, there
fore, that the most vital" Of the con-
ferences so Tar held under the auspices
ton Of food and food products in the
Pacific area, which met last year.
"The real serious human action Of
the Pan-Pacif1c Union begins" the
statement adds. 1T is following up
the work Of the Pan-Pacific Food
Conservation Conference by the es-
tablishment Of q Pan-Paciflc Research
Institution. where primarily the study
and work will be along the lines
necessary In solving the problems Of
food production and conservation IN
the Pacific area-land and sea. Add
ed to this will be the study Of race
and population problems that 80 vi.
tally affect our vast area of the Pa
cific, the home of more than half
the peoples who inhabit this planet.
The thoughts and actions Of these
peoples and races toward each other
as they are today. and as they should
be, for the welfare Of all, will be a
most important problem before the
union. as well as the problem Of feed
ing in the future those teeming
swarms of races that must be fed to
preserve a peaceful attitude toward
each other"
Aims Explained.
= AS explained In its statement, other
aims which the Pan-Pacific Union
seeks to accomplish are briefly as
follows: To bring all nations and peo-
Piles about the Pacific Ocean into
closer friendly commercial contact
and friendship; to bring together from
time to time in friendly conference
leaders In all lines of thought and ac-
ton. that they may become better &C.
quainted, and to assist in pointing
them toward cooperative effort for
tho advancement Of those interests
that are common to all the peoples.
The active president Of the union Is
Gov. harrington Of Hawaii, and its
director is Alexander Hume Ford,
(Copyright. 1925)
Evening star., 1925-09-20

The globules In the day. birds range
In color from neutral to red. orange
and yellow. while in the night bird.
they are blue-green. These act MS
color screens and determine the
birds color sense,