Evening star., 1925-03-13
BY PAUL SCOTT MowRER.

BY PAUL SCOTT MoWRER.
Correspondence Of The Star and the Chicago
Daily News.
PARIS, France, February 10.-On the
outbreak of the World War it became
necessary to transport urgently to the
battefields of France the larger part or
the French Moroccan army. In conse-
duence, Gen. Lyautey was authorized 10
fall back upon the coast He refused.
With greatly reduced effectives, de-
prived of many of his best officers, he
not only succeeded in maintaining his
positions and in furthering the economic
development Of the country, but in ad-
VanCing, so that at the end of the war
the zone of effective occupation had
been greatly increased. His theory was
that If he held firm the natives would
hesitate, whereas if he gave way the
whole country wou'd d arise and Morocco
would be lost to France.
Subsequent events in both the French
and Spanish zones entirely justified this
view. The task, however. was far from
being easy Germany naturally did
everything in its power to raise Morocco
against the French. sending agents and
money thither for the purpose.
AT the same time the attitude of
Spain was equivocal. Officially neutral,
its government seems to have been con-
further steps toward the pacification of
the Spanish zone were taken during the
World War. On the contrary, Spain al
lowed its zone to be used as a revictual-
ment base for the native leaders, Rails
souli and Abel-el-Malek, chief opponents
of France throughout this period.
Hard Fighting for French.
For seven months, in 1915 the French
IL, a.
regions north of Fez and around Taxa.
In 1916 they defeated Abel-el- Malek.
capturing his camp. They also extended
their occupation in the desert regions
east Of the Atlas. where they met stiff
resistance. In 1917 they opened a road
through the heart of the Atlas Noun
tains. In 1918. with German aid. the
natives made a great concentric effort.
Abel-el-Malek. Raissouli and Moha ou
Said, supplied with arms from the Span
ish zone, attacked in the north, while E
Hiba attacked in the south. All were
defeated.
Since the war the French have
steadily continued the pacification
At present the only dissident regions
are narrow strip along the frontier
of the Spanish zone in the southern
Riff, a patch of mountains-the land
of the sons of Ourein-in the Middle
the High Atlas. farther south Both
these patches are narrowly encircled.
Their reduction is merely a matter
of time and method. The situation
in the north, however, is dominated
by events in the Spanish zone and
In particular by the rise and the sue
cesses of Abd-eI-Krin, who has cap
tured Raissouli, and Abel ell Malek is
dead.
Spain Uses French Methods.
In 1918 Spain, perceiving that
France was destined to emerge vic
torious from the World War. decided
to proceed with the occupation of its
own zone in Morocco. Tetouan was
FL ksar were renewed, and Gen.
Berenguer. the ablest colonial officer
Spain has thus far produced. was
appointed high commissioner. Unlike
other Spanish commanders before
and since. he was intelligent enough
to understand the French system, and
not too proud to copy it. The copy
was, perhaps. not entirely accurate,
yet results were accomplished. Ma
terial improvements were begun. Re-
lations with the natives were amelio-
rated. Tribe after tribe in the wesre
part of the Spanish zone, where Gen.
Berenguer was in command, was
brought to submission. BY 1921
Sheshuan had been occupied. and
Raissouli, surrounded, sued for terms.
In the eastern part however, in
command of the forces based on
Melilla, Gen. Berenguer had as his