The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1925-09-23
Prepared by the National Geographic 30
ciety. WashinEton D CO

annual steamship contact with
the rest of the world at this
season Except In the summer months
the people Of the bay region live to
themselves, shut In by Ice along their
water lanes, and on the land side, by
rough and frozen terrain that the
transportation devices of the modern
world have not yet conquered
There are more people and more ac-
dyity around Hudson bay and it's sup
posedly dreary hinterland than Is gen
orally supposed. For two and half
centuries permanent settlements OF
whites have been maintained along the
coast. The first, Rupert House, near
the southernmost tip of the bay, was
established as a post of the Hudson
Bay company soon after that corpor-
alton of romantic history came into
existence In 1910. Since then the
trading posts have grown In number,
until nearly a score are scattered along
the east and west coasts At each OF
the Hudson Bay company posts Ca
nadian, English or Scotch factor is
the larger posts, and many Of the off
Gals have families with them. In re-
cent years posts Of rival fur COM
pany, ReyiIlon Freres, French con-
Germ, have been established beside the
older posts or In entirely new loca-
tons, in charge of French managers.
The typical trading post In the Hud-
son bay country consists Of substan-
tial store stocked with food supplies,
fabrics, tools, guns. ammunition and
miscellaneous goods; the home or
homes Of company officials; church :;
a few cabins of settled Indians, and
perhaps a mission school building
where instruction in trades is given by
missionaries. At the posts in spring
and early summer Indian and Eskimo
trappers and hunters gather to trade
the furs Of their winter catch for need
ed supplies.
Great Sea Rather Than Bay.
Hudson bay" is a misnomer- This
huge body OF water, 800 miles long and
nearly coo wide, is more than bay
or even a gulf. II Is really great
inland sea, an arm at once of the
Atlantic and Arctic oceans, which bites
deep into the vast bulk Of the North
American continent 1t is one of the
most Characteristic features on the
map Of the continent, standing out
as strikingly as the Gulf Of Mexico and
covering almost as great an area
Early in August of each year steam
ers belonging to the fur companies.
from Newfoundland and the St Law
ence ports, push through Hudson
strait north of Labrador and nose
their way down into the bay They
are loaded with miscellaneous cargoes
Of trade goods which they distribute TO
several of the major posts There sail
boats from the smaller posts meet the
steamers. bringing the past winters
accumulation of furs, which are TO be
replaced by cargoes of trade goods.
When the steamers have made their
rounds and are ready to steam home
ward. they are loaded with furs worth
hundreds of thousands of dollars The
visit of the steamers from the outside
world is the event of the year at the
posts where they touch. The posts are
not isolated at other times, however,
for there is considerable movement of
small boats along the coast in the open
season from post to post Even In
winter sledge Journeys by dog teams
may be made to the nearer posts
On the map, Hudson bay does not
appear to be exceedingly inaccessible
from the more settled parts of Canada
to the south. The Canadian National
railway, extending east and west,
passes only 175 miles south of the
southern tip of the bay. a distance
roughly equal to that between New
York and Boston. From Cochrane, one
of the stations on the Canadian Ma
tional. rail line has been pushed down
the Abitibi river, nearly halfway to
the bay. 1t is extremely difficult TO
construct a railway over the rough,
forested wilderness however, and the
completion of the line at an early date
does not seem assured This railway
will eventually reach Moose Factory,
near the mouth VI Tue hoV>e iANci, chS
of the oldest and most important OF
the Hudson Bay company posts Moose
Factory gains added Importance by
the fact that it is one OF the few Hud-
son Bay communities that can COM
municate with the outside in winter.
After the Moose and Abitibi rivers are
frozen over early in December they
constitute highways along which dog
teams sometimes make the trip TO
Cochrane-
Around James Bay.
The southern $50 miles of Hudson
bay is narrow tongue of water
known as James bay. Around James
bay the fur trading posts are most
numerous and there and in the coun-
try farther inland the Indian popula-
ton gives way TO the Eskimos who
hunt in much of the country between
Hudson bay and Labrador On the
west coast the Indian population per
sists as far north as Fort Churchill.
300 miles north Of James bay.
Civilization has affected very differ
emily the Indians and the Eskimos of
Ind To-,