davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Prune Raspberries and
BlackberrieS in Spring

Early spring, before the buds have
commenced to swell and after the
principal danger Of very low tempera-
lures is past, is the right time to
prune raspberries and blackberries.
The first step in this pruning is to
cut out all of the old canes which bore
fruit the preceding season, if this was
not done last summer New canes that
are to be left in the plants should be
chosen. These should be from five to
eight in number, depending on the
vigor of the plants and fertility of the
soil. After choosing these, which
should be strong vigorous canes, all
the others should be cut out close to
the surface Of the ground If the grow
ing canes were not headed back last
summer the canes that are now left in
the plants should be headed back. In
the case Of the blackberries, the canes
would probably be left five to, six feet
in length and will need some support
to hold them up. The black-cap rasp-
berries will require somewhat shorter
pruning and have even more need Of
a trellis Of some sort to support them.
Plants that have come up in the
rows or between the rows, from the
roots, should be carefully dug out In
order that the plants may be well cul-
tivated. Large yields are practically
never obtained from bramble patches
which are not carefully cultivated and
the soil well MANFRED.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Cost of Silage Depends
on Several Conditions

The cost of producing silage will
depend upon a variety of conditions.
including value of land, crop used cost
of growing, yield and expense of fill
ing. Quite a wide range of figures
have been published. ranging from Is
cents ton up for corn silage. Pro-
fessor Mumford of Illinois states that
corn yielding ~ bushels per acre and
worth 35 cents on the market will give
silage at $2.75 ton. In one instance,
last year, where it took IS acres to
fill two silos of ITO tons each, and
with an estimate Of the corn at 60
bushels an acre at 35 cents bushel,
and with the labor of filing extend
ing over a period Of four days, and
costing $110, and allowing the stalks
TO be worth 81 an acre on the market,
the cost Of the silage per ton was
$3.50. Undoubtedly the cost ranges
in many cases from So to $3.50 ton
for filling with corn.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Farm Without Records
Like Handles Clock

Income tax days are hard on the
memory.
Many Badger farmers who have not
kept a systematic record of their
years business are finding this out
On the other hand scores Of them are
testifying to the work saved by a
simple system Of bookkeeping.
John S. Donald, farm management
expert of the Wisconsin college of ag-
riculture, has many such testimonials
from men who are using the Wisconsin
farm account and record book.
81 have used this system Of accounts
for three years and find it very simple
and easy to keep, and yet classified so
one can determine the profit and loss
in certain department very easily.
They make the income tax report very
easy to figure out" says Hebron
Qll.) farmer.
81 received one of these books as a
Christmas present in 1923 and feel
cannot get along without one now"
writes a farmer from Erie, NJ d. A
Montana farmer wrote for two copies
saying that he PREFER I'd the Wiscon-
sin book to any he had ever seen.
A Jefferson county farmer said that
he tried to get along during 1924 with
out the account book, but never again.
He believes as Donald does that run
ming farm without accounts and
records is like running clock without
hands.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Fd:5:!I.rlr:'2r!.1n!.l.E-Ij,ntL'..

Carrots, cabbages and sprouted oats
help make strong chicks.
Many good-tempered colt Is
spoiled by q bad-tempered owner.
To work more horses to the man
helps get the most out Of man labor.
Coal ashes have very little If any
fertilizing value, the beneficial effect is
chiefly physical.
We pay for the farm machinery
which we need If we do without 1t;
it pays for itself if we buy 1t.
Good matches are obtained only
when the laying stock has been select
ed for vigor and made to exercise.
Are the brood sows getting plenty Of
exercise and not too much fattening
feed? Remember that little pigs prom
ise to be valuable this year. Save all
of yours by careful attention before
and at narrowing time.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Poultry Notes


Ducks are usually mated in fiocks
of about thirty females with five or six
males.
Animal protein in the form Of meat
scrap, tankage, fish scrap, dried butter
milk, or semi-solid buttermilk is very
essential to heavy egg production.
Guineas will remain closer to the
farm buildings If only one male bird
is kept for every three or four fe-
males.
Certain diseases of turkeys are OBJ
tanned from chickens and vice versa.
The best way to hatch them Is under
the turkey hens.
Be sure the hen is thoroughly de-
loused before setting, and also the first
and second week after setting. Do not
put any lice powder on her just be-
fore the chicks hatch, however.
Sickness must be expected in flocks
where the houses are Kept in an I'M
sanitary condition. More than one man
has been driven out Of the poultry
business by tolerating filth.
Early Matched chicks will make
more rapid growth than late hatcned
ones. If one wishes to sell breeding
stock this is a decided advantage.
Do not allow the turkeys in the
same house with the chickens, and, II
possible, do not allow them to range
with the chickens.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Bridge Grating Saves
Girdled Fruit Tree

Mice and rabbits damaged fruit
trees to a very great extent this last
winter, according to reports received
by fruit-extension specialists Of the
Pennsylvania State college.
Bridge grating is recommended for
all trees that have been girdled. Where
it is possible the grating work should
be done before growth starts. Regard
less of when the work Is done, the
scions should be cut, preferably from
one-year-old growth, such as the
sucker wood, states R. S. Snyder, ex-
tension horticulturist at the college.
IF the bridge grating cannot be
done during the early rush Of the
spring season, heel in the scions in
moist sand until the work is DONE" he
says. Mound the trees, or, better
still, paint them with liquid grating
wax or with white lead mixed with
a little linseed OIL"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09

Sweet Glover Is Valuable as a Pasture
Crop, Especially During Dry Sea-
sons.
must DE cut. The crop will rarely be
used Yor hay because Of rank growth
and extreme succulence, however. If
1t is used for hay the first crop should
be eut before flower buds and bios
sons appear.
Since sweet clover lasts but two
years and is mainly productive in its
last years growth, it is well to have
two fields. So rotated that one is seed
ed down one year and the other the
year following. Sweet clover can be
pastured in the spring when the other
pastures are often overstocked. If the
new seeding produces a heavy fall
growth. it can be pastureG lightly
then. care being necessary that it Is
not cropped too closely, allowing for
winter killing.
Preparation Is Necessary.
Sweet clover requires lime, inocuia-
ton firm seed bed, an early removed
nurse crop and practically all the at
tention which alfalfa culture requires.
II is q ltme-loving plant particularly.
The fact that it grows luxuriantly
along the roadside has misled people
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Resistant Variety
of Wheat Is Urged
Plan for Control Of Blunt or
Sinking Smut.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Because OF the heavy annual losses
of wheat In the Pacific coast region,
and because seed treatment is ineffec-
tive and expensive, the most promis-
ing method for control Of bunt or
sinking smut Is through the develop
ment of resistant varieties. In Depart
ment Bulletin 1899, Relative Resist
ance of Wheat to Blunt in the Pacific
Coast States" the United States De-
partment of Agriculture reports the
results Of Investigations made In CO.
operation with the experiment stations
of California, Oregon and Washington.
The bulletin deals with the results
Of study Of large number OF varie-
ties and selections of wheat. Foreign
as well as domestic varieties were
used. Nearly all American varieties,
all but one of the Australian, and all
of the Indian and South African
wheats are more or less susceptible to
the fungus. OF the four commercial
classes of common wheat, the hard red
variety being immune, and the white
wheats are the most susceptible, al
though one variety and four selections
of white wheat proved to be immune
or highly resistant. The hard red
spring and soft red winter varieties
are somewhat intermediate in suscep-
tibiIity, although one Of the soft red
winter varieties proved highly re-
sistant
The club wheats as group are
most susceptible. The durum, Polish
and poulard wheats. as well as emmer
and spelt, in general are somewhat
more resistant than the common
wheats except hard red winter, which
is more resistant than durum and pou-
lard.
Copies Of this bulletin, which is
somewhat technical, may be obtained
from the Superintendent Of Public
Documents, Government Printing Of
fee, Washington, at five cents copy.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
FARM MITES

The first step toward securing poor
yields is buying cheap seed.
An old churn makes good contriv-
ance for busting grain seed.
Human labor and horse labor are by
far the largest items of farming costs
Keeping watch Of them pays.
A belt Of trees by the farm buildings
and orchard will protect them from
winter cold and summer heat.
Remember that the hind legs OF a
horse are his propellers, and that poor
shoe fitting causes much lameness.
The farmer who repairs machinery,
and uses rainy days effectively, puts
himself ahead Of the driving duties of
spring.
The farmer should be careful about
buying things which are above their
pre-war prices unless they are expect
ed to pay for themselves quickly.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09

Hog tuberculosis Is
Easy to Eradicate
New Poster Tells Farmer
How to Improve Swine.


prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture
Pointing out that tuberculosis OF
swine is easier to eradicate entirely
than to control when present on a
farm, new poster Of the United
States Department of Agriculture tells
what farmers can do to improve health
conditions among their hogs, with re-
spect to this disease. The departments
recommendations are:
Burn dead hogs and chickens to
ashes.
Prevent Accommodations of manure
and old bedding in hog pens and
lots.
Never feed any carcasses to
hogs.
Cook all milk products fed to
hogs.
Feed no slaughterhouse offal,
unless cooked.
Get rid of tuberculous hogs
start with clean herd.
Heed the first warnings from
slaughterhouse reports which show
disease in your herd.
The poster shows p1ctorially how
tuberculosis Is commonly spread. A
typical barnyard scene containing cat
tie, hogs and chickens is accompanied
by the explanation that diseased chick
ems and cattle spread the disease
among hogs. Persons who suspect the
disease are advised to apply to their
state veterinarian or the nearest fed
eral inspector for a slaughterhouse re-
port on their next shipment Of swine.
The poster measures 10 by 18 inches
and is printed in two colors. 1t is in
tended to hasten the progress Of tuber-
culosis eradication conducted by the
bureau of animal industry in co-opera-
ton with the various states. Copies
of the poster, and also of Farmers
Bulletin 781, Tuberculosis Of Hogs
which discusses the subject in detail,
may be obtained free on application to
the United States Department Of Agri-
culture, Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Sweet clover has many


Because of it's succulence and
drought resistance sweet clover will be
largely pasture crop. Sweet clover
will never become an important hay
crop in Wisconsin because Of it's
coarse, rank growth, and extreme sue
culence, which make curing and ham
ding most difficult.
When the shallow-rooted blue grass
pastures are drought stricken, sweet
clover is teeming. It will generally
pasture a thousand-pound COW or steer
on an acre for period Of four to six
months, according to Circular IT'S, re-
Gently issued by the Wisconsin College
Of Agriculture. The fact that bloat
is rare on sweet-clover pasture en-
hances its value as a pasture crop.
Needs Carsfu, Handling.
Unlike alfalfa and common red clio
yer, the sweet clover shoot starts from
the buds on the stubble and not from
the crown of the root. For this rea-
son, if tn first crop Is cut for hay,
u stubble of eight to ten inches high
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Milk Consumption

In a recent survey Of the milk con-
sumption Of Boston, DIR. Arthur w. Gil
bert, agricultural commissioner of the
Bay state, found that the total per
capita daily consumption of milk-or
cream calculated to the equivalent of
milk-was for the wealthy class, 1.67
pints; for those of moderate circum-
stances, lib pints; aud for the poorer
classes, "a pint. The general average
for all the families was found to be
1.22 pints per capita. Ninety-two and
three-tenths per cent of all the fam
lilies used more than a quart or more
daily.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09

to think that this is not true and that
If it grows along the roadside it will
grow in adjoining fields. The road
side and fence rows have not stood
the cropping strain of forty years.
Wisconsin Circular 178 advises that
the farmer send half-pound sample
Of surface soil, taken from three or
four average places in the field, to the
county agent or to the experiment sta
tion, where 1t can be tested by the
Truog method and its lime needs for
sweet-clover growing determined.
Soils Of good fertility, even with a
slight or medium degree Of acidity will
often grow sweet clover. When any
form of lime is applied it should
always be placed on the surface of
plowed land and worked in with sub
sequent cultivation. Never pillow lime
under. Although it is preferable to
make application in the fall, winter
and spring lining is satisfactory.
eff to Good start.
Get sweet clover off to good start
by incubation. If alfalfa has not been
grown on a field, incubation is neces-
sary if the soil-building benefit is to
be derived Cultures for treating the
seed may be obtained from the Wis
consin College of Agriculture. A we'll
prepared, firm seed bed helps the
sweet clover plant to good start
In order to conserve moisture for
the young seeding during July and
August, an early maturing nurse crop
such as Wisconsin No. or Wisconsin
No. 10 oats pedigree barley or any
other quick-ripening grain, sown at
the rate Of one bushel an acre, should
be used. A light seeding of the nurse
crop is always advisable. On light,
sandy soil it may be advisable to cut
the grain for hay so that it may be
removed earlier. Sweet clover is best
sown broadcast with grass seed at
tachment on seeders or grain drills,
and the seed left to scatter on the
surface of the ground. A hand seeder
may be used to good advantage. Gen
orally Is pounds of good high-testing
seed is sufficient. Lower rates of seed
ing usually give an uneven, ragged
stand. The more favorable the soil in
lime, fertility and in seed-bed prepa-
ration, the less seed required.
Improves Soil Fertility.
Because it has the ability to fix nj
trogen out Of the air through the inoc-
ulating bacteria which harbor in the
nodules of It's immense root growth, it
is very beneficial to the soil. On light
soils or rundown fields of heavier
soils, sweet clover is often grown and
in it's second year plowed under for
green manure. The organic matter
added to the soil under this method is
most effective addition to- the soils
fertility.
Wisconsin farmers who have grown
sweet clover are enthusiastic over its
possibilities. Thirteen tons of sweet
clover have been produced from a
single acre.
Sweet clover seems to furnish such
large and even supply Of feed
throughout the summer and dairy
cows produce so well on it, that Will
Der J. Fraser of the University of Illi-
nois is an enthusiastic advocate of
tying it into the farming scheme. II
had COW on my farm in northern ILL.,
nois," he writes, 'that produced So
pounds Of milk per day on sweet clo-
yer pasture without grain or other
supplementary feeds"
Sweet clover serves as a valuable
addition to Wisconsin's forage crops.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
tuberculosis a
Good Stimulus
Good Results Induce People
of Michigan Community
to Expand Work.


prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
The farmers of HillSdale county,
Mich, demonstrated their practical
foresight when in 1921 they decided
to rid the entire county of bovine
tuberculosis. 1t was the first county
in the country to be put on this free
list, the work being done il co-opera-
ton with the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. Instead of sink
ing into their feather bed Of laurels
the people of this community have
gone ahead with other improvements,
stimulated by the good results of their
big venture in disease eradication,
which has increased their returns from
dairy products and breeding stock.
Once the county had been freed Of
tuberculosis in it's cattle herds, the
economic benefits were so satisfactory
that the farmers were stimulated to
search for other ways of increasing
the returns from their live stock. Next
to the securing Of healthy stock, the
Improvement in the quality of the an
imals appealed to them as being
logical step toward the realization Of
better livestock industry. AS result
there has been noticeable increase
in the quality Of dairy stock through
the use of better blood and the elm
ination of poor producers through
keeping production records.
Improve Poultry Flocks.
The most recent move which may
be said to have had its origin in the
campaign against bovine tuberculosis
is determined effort to improve the
poultry flocks by the ication of the
same disease from f. ed live stock
and by culling out iii DOR producers.
The work of poultry Improvement
through these means was started the
past summer In one township by a rep
resentative of the bureau of animal
industry, United States Department of
Agriculture, and a poultry expert from
the college Of agriculture, the county
paying all their expenses except sal
saries. The culling Of the first 40 flocks
revealed that the average farmer. in
spite Of the popular impression to the
contrary. was losing money on his
chickens. 1t was found that Of these
flocks little more than 40 per cent
had tuberculosis. This condition is
looked upon as plausible explanation
of the fact that % per cent of the
hogs shipped from the county are
found to have the disease, as hogs are
particularly susceptible to the avian
type of the disease.
Help Poor Results.
At the same time that the prevalence
of tuberculosis was disclosed among
the poultry flocks, other conditions
were revealed which help to account
for the poor results obtained. Among
them are poor stock or culls, improper
feeding, having pullets Matched too
late in the spring, and keeping old
birds. The conclusion has been reached
as a result of this study of conditions
that it is advisable to keep the
poultry fiocksfenced in away from con-
tact with other live stock on the farm.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Production of Butter

Two-thirds> of the butter that is
produced in Wisconsin is manufactured
in thA comparatively owned factories
Of the state.
Wisconsin'A annual production of
butter is estimated at 100000
pounds, which means 7,455 cars of TO-
600 pounds each.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
Cure Egg-Eating Hens

To stop hens from eating eggs pro-
vide plenty of oyster shell and feed
the scratch grain in the litter, so the
hens will be kept busy as much Of the
time as possible Feed balanced RAJ
ton containing plenty of meat food
20 per cent-and darken the nests so
the hens will not be so likely to see
the eggs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09
HAIL FORMER WEED
AS DESIRABLE CROP
Sweet Clover Found Useful
During Dry Periods for
Pasturage and Soiling.

Sweet clover has at last won it's
place in Wisconsin's agriculture.
The plant which grows freely along
the highways of the state, and which
has often been regarded as weed in
the past is now being grown on many
Wisconsin farms. The lahorious soil
age system for supplying green stuff
during the dry summer months has
been replaced with this drought-resist-
ant plant, which produces a most
abundant and succulent growth dur
ing the dry season.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1925-04-09

We'll
Of thinning
nit
to havea at he Of
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-03-27
LEGAL POINTS
TO DECIDE OIL
RESERVE CASE
Decision in Annulment Suit
Will Not BE Ready For
Thirty Days

Cheyenne. Wyo., March 27.-(By
the A. PD-Possession of Teapot
Dome hinged en- legal points today
and rested in the discretion of Fed
cral Judge #. Blake Kennedy before
whom the lease annulment suit Of the
government against Harry F. Sin
Glars Mammoth Oil Company was
completed here yesterday The deci-
sion of Judge Kennedy will deter
mine whether Sinclair obtained the
lease on the Wyoming naval oil re-
serve as the result Of conspiracy and
fraud, as the government alleged,
or whether the Mammoth Oil Com
pany obtained the grant because it
submitted the best bid and because
the government was forced by an act
of Congress TO develop the oil fields,
as the defense contended.
At least thirty days will elapse
before Judge Kennedy will have all
the documents in the case in his
hands, and until then he probably
will not make Il decision. This is
the result of an agreement between
counsel yesterday under which the
government is given Is days in
which to file a brief of the ease, and
the defense Il similar length of time
in which to reply to the plaintiffs
brief.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1925-03-27
FIRES CAUSE
HUGE EDAMAGE
IN NEBRASKA
One Million Dollars Loss
Reported; Farmers Flee
Before Flames

Valentine. Neb., March 27.-Afte,
causing an estimated loss of ST..
100000 or more to hay lands and
ranchers' property, virtually all of
the prairie fires which have ravaged
north central Nebraska and the
southern section Of South Dakota
were extinguished early today, ac-
cording to survey made this noon.
No loss of life was sustained so far
as known, although many ranchers
were forced to flee before the
flames. Several small fires are
known to be present northwest of
here but ranchers reported they
were being extinguished rapidly
without considerable loss.
Earlier reports that a school
teacher and two children were burn
ed to death in a school house near
here were groundless, the survey
showed. The closest call the fire
made was when it gutted school
house six miles southwest of Crook
ston, which is several miles west
of here. The teacher and IL pupils
saw the flames approaching and were
taken to Tracy about one hour be-
fore the structure was destroyed.