davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

quarters farther inland. It Is some
thing for the Spanish to have secured
their shore base, but their more seri-
Gus work is yet to come. 1t Is in
creasingly doubtful that Abd-el-Krim
can be disposed Of before the rains,
and. with Abd-el-krim still at large,
a Winter stay in those parts would
be not merely uncomfortable, but ex-
tremely hazardous for the expedition.
Latest dispatches indicate that the
Spanish have advanced, but only very
slightly, from the positions gained on
the 23d, encountering the. most de-
termined opposition.
The French have been uniformly
successful in their operations Of the
week, but their offensive efforts were
inconsiderable until Friday. when they
pushed three miles north from Ktfane,
eastern sector. toward A1dir, 40 miles
away. Some say this Is the beginning
or the resumption of the grand Of
fensive which is to do for Abd-el-Krim;
others say it is intended chiefly to
relieve the pressure on the Spanish
north of Ajdir and that Marshal
Petain recognizes that he cannot fin
ish off the Riffians this season. AS
I have pointed out, the terrain north
of Kifane is curiously and ire.
mendously difficult.
Syria.-On the oath a French relief
column raised the siege of the citadel
Of Suweda. in Jebel Hauran, Syria,
which had lasted for two months, the
French garrison of 700 being reduced
to 500.
Provisions exhausted, no source of
water within the fort, food and water
had been meagerly supplied by drop
pings from airplanes, the water in the
form of cakes of ice. The Druses
f1ercely attacked the relief column
en- route. but were bloodily repulsed,
500 OF them biting the dust.
X
Mosul.-The league council has
referred certain jurisdictional points
respecting a decision on the Mosul
question to the World Court, and has
directed committee of its own body
to make a further study of the non
jurisdictional aspects of that vexed
problem. Moreover, it is sending a
league commission to Mosul to inves-
tigate the British charge that Turk
ish forces have crossed the tempo
rary frontier between Turkey and
Mosul Established by the league coun.
ell and accepted by Turkey on the
one part and Britain and Irak on
the other. pending the councils
award as to MosuD and have harried
the Christian population south of the
frontier. 1t Is a common opinion that
the council, minded to decide against
Turkey, is maneuvering for time,
fearing that immediate announcement
of an award unfavorable to Turkey
might precipitate war, and hoping
that, II the announcement is post
poned. the Turks may cool off in the
interval The attitude of Turkey Is
perfectly simple and Turkish. II the
award favors Turkey, o. K; if it
doesn't. 1t won't be accepted.
AS to the evidence of the records,
that Turkey promised to acquiesce in
the award OF the council. it's a lis.
that's all. You're dealing with new
Turkey. gentlemen; with Angora, not
with Constantinople. AS you learned
at Lausanne. what we want we pro-
pose to get. and If any one Is boiling
for q fight he can have 1t. Are the
Turks bluffing? The questions sub
mitted by the council to the World
Court are as follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

The British Empire.-The conserva-
! tive elements of Britain are much
perturbed over the doings Of the re-
cent trades union congress at Scar
borough. The congress began soberly
enough, turning down the proposal of
the one big union and a proposal to
vest the general counsel Of the trades
unions with plenary powers of war
and peace, whereof Of course the
most important would be the power
to declare the general strike. But the
majority of the congress became in
toxicated by the oratory of the wild
men, including M. Tomsky, one of
four guests from Moscow. BY a tre-
mendous majority a proposal was
passed for establishment of SHOP
committees" in all British workshops.
I'VE should make all our people un-
derstand that bolshevism is our OBJ
jective," said Harry Pollitt. one of
the chief advocates Of that proposal
Resolutions of a rich bolshevist BAN
Quet were carried, denouncing capital
ism. denouncing British imperialism as
Pythias to the capitalist Damon, de-
nouncing the Dawes plan as devised
by American capitalists to enslave
German workers, asserting the right
of any component Of the empire to
separate therefrom. etc. The anti
imperialism resolution was proposed
by A. A. Purcell. M. P. Moderate
orators like j. H. Thomas were shout
ed down with contumely. A. ]. Cook,
secretary of the Miners Federation,
Emperor" Cook was cheered to the
echo when he declared the congress
to be the national parliament of the
future.
These resolutions may be Of great
real significance. and they may not.
Either truth or nonsense may come
out in state of inebriation from
whatever cause, red eloQuence or red
wine. Britain wonders which, in this
instance. and is looking forward with
some anxiety to the Labor party con-
ference. soon to take place at Liver
pool. A repetition at Liverpool of the
Scarborough performance would cause
alarm sure enough.
The New Statesman, not to be &C.
cused of a lickspittle attitude toward
capitalism or 'imperialism,' declares
that 'if Mr.. Cook contemplated any
step deserving the name of revolu-
ton. he would not have 8 per cent of
his own men behind him." The New
Statesman may or may not be right
Trotsky in his book whittier Eng
land?" confidently prognosticates red
revolution in England. Conservative
optimists point, on the other hand, to
the landslide for conservatism at the
last general elections in consequence
of the Zienoviev letter.
Back to the land" il the slogan
with which Lloyd George is now MAX
ing great play. There is no reason,
he declares, why Britain (who now
produces food sufficient for only five
millions) should not produce most of
the foodstuffs and timber she re-
quires; at the same time giving
employment In agriculture to 100000
more persons than are now so en-
ployed, solving the unemployment
problem which so aff1icts and menaces
the realm there are 100000 register
ed unemployed). Let little Belgium be
the model. The expremier bases his ar
guments on the recently issued report
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
FAITH in AIR COMMERCE
HOLDS, DESPITE TRAGEDY
Wreckage of Shenandoah Fails to Shake
Confidence-Survey of Achieve
ments Effected to Date.

gate the Santa Fe Pass at night and
that 1t encountered unprecedented bad
fogs and storms along the Pa
ciflc coast, without any mishap. its
performance was epoch-making so far
as this country is concerned.
Constructed by U. 8. Navy.
The Shenandoah was designed and
constructed by the United States
Navy after the plans OF the German
airship Lag, captured by the French.
She was $50 feet long, rs feet in di-
ameter, 2,160, 900 cubic feet gas capac-
ity, 1900 horsepower, had speed Of
so miles per hour. Her cruising ra-
dius was 1000 miles and her available
load 80 tons.
The Los Angeles was delivered to
the United States Government In Oc-
tober. 1924, after flying 5000 miles in
81 hours. She is a commercial air
ship. with passenger accommodation
for 80 people and Is s5s feet long, 90
feet in diamater. gas capacity, $780,
70 miles per hour: cruising radius,
$500 miles, and available load. 40
tons The Los Angeles was delivered
to this country as a farming ship. 1t
being agreed that 1t would not be used
for military purposes.
The speed OF travel. over air would
cut in half the fastest known railroad
communications, and instead Of six
days to cross the Atlantic the trip
could be made in two and a half
days. It would take only IL hours
from New York to Chicago. The cost
per milo would be at the rate of six
to seven times that of modern travel
Of today.
Essential Points Considered.
The two essential points in trans
portation are safety first and speed
afterward. The lighter-than-air ship
has tremendous advantages over the
airplane. 1t has a considerably
greater cruising radius and carrying
capacity and has the great advantage
that should anything go wrong with
the engines the airship can remain in
the air for considerable length OF
time while the machinery is being
fixed. In an airplane. should the ma
chinery go wrong the machine imme.
dintely crashes to the ground.
1t would be impossible to fnstigate
a system of transportation which
would not have the public confidence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Germany ':Responsible'' for Causing War,
But Not ''Cuilty' of Deliberate Intent

inevitable and acted upon this mis-
taken but honest belief.
In any event 1t seems to me that
Poincare'S final thesis that German
responsibility for the war is estab-
lished by the German declaration of
war Is unacceptable. There was GER
tahly a very fair chance of peace
up to the moment of the ultimatum
to Russia, which was dictated solely
by the military element. Since Russia
could not obey the ultimatum with
out surrendering her position as a
great power. 1t made war inevitable.
To believe that Germany was
uniquely responsible for the causes of
the war, which are many, complicated
and covering long period Of time, is
an obvious absurdity. To believe that
Germany was Immediately guilty of
acts and purposes designed to precipi-
tate the conflict seems equally in
exact. 1t is patiently possible to make
a case for Germany against the
triple entente. for France against
Germany or Germany against Russia,
precisely as one chooses to interpret
the evidence in the case, which will
naturally be in accordance with
personal sympathies or interpreta-
tions.
Thus we shall doubtless always have
x
in all national histories. But drop
ping the charge Of moral guilt and
coming down to the simple question
Of direct and immediate responsibility,
this seems more and more to rest
demonstrably upon the intervention of
the German military leaders, result
ing from their military plans and
having the effect Of putting an end to
discussions which remained hopeful
and precipitating the conflict.
Russia's Mobilization Discussed.
Certainly the intervention would not
have taken place save for Russian mo-
biliZation; but, conceding this. did
Russian mobilization make it neces-
sary, was waiting another day impos-
sible? Falkenhayn said not: history
will probably indorse his view, the
more probably. indeed, because the
German soldier lost the battle and the
war six weeks later, when his whole
precious plan was completely wrecked
at the Marine.
In so far as the German protests
against war guilt as involving peculiar
turpitude and particular moral OBJ
liquity, it seems to me he is assured
Of an increasingly favorable judgment
in the future. On the other hand, the
responsibility Of his statesmen and
soldiers for the actual precipitation of
the struggle seems likely to stand.
The statesmen were too weak to re.
strain the soldiers, the soldiers too
blind to see anything but the narrow
military problem. In word, German
action occasioned the war. but neither
the action nor the war was directly
| premeditated.
Copyright. I925.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Indians We're Fastidious jewelers.,
Pearls i'm Burial Mounds Indicate

ers were peeled off, the nacre under
meath shone with an exceedingly beau
tiful but evanescent luster, like the
peeled" pearls Of modern jewelers.
practice. Pearls. DIR. Hough explained,
are chemically quite similar to lime
stone. and unable to withstand even
the weak acids of the soil. Cleopatra g
famous stunt of dissolving a pearl in
vinegar can be repeated by any one
willing to stand the expense. Fortu-
nately, the pearls recently found were
buried in lirny, alkaline soil, and
have not been spoiled. DR.. Hough re-
called also a store of pearls found by
an expedition under William c. Mills,
which had been perfectly preserved by
burial in ashes. Included in this find
was one necklace of an estimated
value of $4,000.
The source of the pearls is obvious
enough. The mussels, or CLANS
abundant throughout the Mississippi
Valley. frequently contain pearls which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27


been aroused by the declara-
ton of George II. Fairchild Of
~ Manila to the effect that
alienation of the Philippine
Territory by congressional action
would be unconstitutional. Many edi-
tors question the soundness of Mr..
Fairchild's view, but research recently
made by competent jurists, including
William S. Wallace, prominent Phil
adelphia attorney, and Judge D. r.
Williams, formerly of the Manila
bench and author of the recent book.
THE United States and the Philip
pines" would indicate at least a rea-
sonable doubt as to the constitutional
sanction of a grant of independence
on the part of Congress.
A brief review of some of the sail
ent points made by those who argue
against the right of Congress TO grant
the Philippine Islands their independ-
ence might not prove without interest
at the present moment, just as a spe-
cial independence commission has
reached this country to persuade Con-
gress to enact legislation separating
the Philippine Territory from Ameri-
can sovereignty.
Title Is Valid.
1t is urgued first of all, that the
title of the people of the United States
to the Philippine Archipelago is abso-
lutely clear and valid, being estab-
lished by the treaty of Paris following
our war with Spain. The latter coun-
try "ceded" the Philippine Archipelago
to us and we paid $40 900, 900 to Spain
in the transfer. The red and yellow
banner of CASTLE had waved over the
archipelago nearly $50 years before it
was replaced by the Stars and Stripes.
When Spain established her rule over
the Philippines the islands were
occupied by a heterogeneous, eX-
tremely primitive and migratory col
lection of tribes or bands, many of
whom were in a constant state of feud
with each other. The situation was
similar to that which prevailed when
the white man first came to the Amer
lean continent. Spain therefore had
an even better title to the Philippines
than England, France or Spain had to
the territory they annexed to their re-
spective sovereignties at the time of
the first white settlement of this con-
tinent, it is argued.
Granted that the American title TO
the Philippine Archipelago is estao-
lished. does not Congress still possess
body of the Nation, to. ALLEVIATE SOW.
ereignty over the Philippines?
No Power to Cede.
The answer, according to our au-
thorities, is no. and for the following
reasons:
l. Sovereignty does not inhers in
Congress, but in the people as whole.
This argument is supported by numer-
Gus Supreme Court decisions.
2. The trainers OF our Constitution
never intended that Congress should
have the power of such alienation. In
1888, during the Virginia constitu.
tional convention, called to ratify the
Federal Constitution, an amendment
was proposed which would have given
Congress the power to ratify by a
three-fourths vote of both Houses any
treaty ceding the territorial rights of
the United States. Gov. Randolph
who headed the Virginia delegation in
the national convention and presented
the Virginia resolutions. opposed the
amendment, stating, among other
things, that there is no power in the
Constitution to cede any part of the
territories Of the United States" and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Dreams Made to Order by Simple
Method, Cambridge Psychologist Finds

cations brought alterations Of oppo-
site dreams.
The value of Cubberley's method,
it is explained, is that 1t introduces
exact experimental control into field
where speculative explanations have
become the fashion, and it makes pos
sible dream analysis with an approach
to scientific precision, since the state
Of the dreamer has been ascertained
thoroughly. 1t also makes possible a
study Of the general problems OF mind,
since the whole surface of the body
may be Investigated for tension asso-
Citations and the possible translation of
these into visual, emotional and other
terms. The author does not dispuD
the value Of dreams as an aid to dag
nosis in cases where a positive dis
turbing factor exists, but does urge
the need of great caution In importing
into normal psychology doctrines
based upon the abnormal. In brief,
his conclusion Is that 1.-The develop
ment of the dream is governed by the
configuration Of tensions in the dream
sr's body"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

are sometimes Of great value. The
mound builders were mussel eaters,
and must therefore have found many
pearls, which became part of their
tribal boards. There is small hkeli-
hood that any Of them came from the
sea, for though the mounds sometimes
contain sea shells obtained in barter
from more southern tribes, there is no
indication that sea pearls were thus
obtained.
The tools used by the ancient In
dams were primitive, but their basic
technique was surprisingly like that
of modern jewelers.. Some of the
pearls were bored for stringing by
most of them by means Of a slender
Pearls in Pipes.
Pearls were also used as eyes in the
carved stone ceremonial pipes that
have been found in the mounds. These
pipes are most frequently carved in
the form of birds. but represent other
animals also, and usually with the
greatest realism and faithfulness of
detail.
The copper ceremonial masks. DIR.
Hough stated, were probably made by
hammering sheet copper into shape
over a wooden base or mold. They
are all grotesques, and some of them
ere representations of animals. Some
deer masks have been found with
branching horns that project we'll
above the head.
DIR. Hough said that there is no
question but that the mound builders
were Indians, SO far as can be deter
mined from a study Of their skulls.
About five or six years ago, however,
there were discovered In some of the
old mounds intrusive burials of an.
other people, whose remains are still a
riddle to anthropologists. These in
vaders possessed bone harpoons, weap-
ons unknown to the Indians. More
over, In one place a jade axe was
found, and. the Indians never used
jade. These remains strongly hint at
a high northern, Eskimolike invasion
but no study Of thNr skulls has yet
been made, so that nothing positive
has been determined.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

Pearls from the Ohio mound boards
show that the ancient Indians who
built them and accumulated the jewels
found IN them were as fastidious as
modern jewellers about their quality,
according to DR.. Walter Hough of the
United States National Museum. They
used only perfectly shaped pearls, re-
jecting even the baroques that receive
at least minor favor from Europeans.
The Ohio finds, though unusually
fne, even sensational in their quality,
are not the first discoveries of pearls
in the Indian mounds of that region.
DR.. Hough said. Some years ago an
expedition under DIR. F. w. Putnam of
the Peabody Museum of Harvard Uni
versity worked on mounds near the
Miami and Muskingum rivers in Ohio
and found great quantities of pearls,
nearly a peck of them in all. Unfor-
tunately, they had been buried in acid
soil. which had roughened and Giscol-
cred their surface. If the surface lay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
500, 900 Jobless Plan
To Organize in Japan

There Is to be organized in Toxic
soon a national union Of unemployed.
The promoters intend to make ma
tional appeal by demonstrations and
meetings. With 100000 in the ranks of
the unemployed the movement is be.
coming serious. Following a meeting
in Toxic, countrywide demonstrations
will be staged on September 20. The
nucleus of the movement Is the Japan
Federation of Labor, supported by it's
branches in Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto. Ba-
goya and Okayama. 1t is noteworthy
that the movement is supported by
clerks and officials who are out of en-
ployment and the national demonstra-
lions will be serious If unreasonably
checked by the police, 1t is feared. The
soaring price Of rice Is helping the
movement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27

Continued from First Page.)
to disaster, for the Russian masses
would sweep into Poson and East
Prussia and instead of being able to
strike down France first, Germany
would be thrown on the defensive on
both fronts, outnumbered from the
beginning.
Sitting down in cool blood, years be-
fore the war. the German general staff
under the guidance of Schieffolin, who
was a really great soldier, had based
German safety upon the assumption
that Germany would be attacked by
France and Russia. that the attack
would be preceded by a declaration of
war which would coincide with mobili-
zation orders. If this proved the case.
then German armies could be hurried
across Belgium, could smash France,
capture Paris and eliminate the
French before Russia became dan
gerous In the east
Situation i'm 1914 Outlined.
But in July. 1914, German states
Tnanship was unable and even unWill-
ing to provide the premises on which
the military staff had made their plan.
Russia was mobilizing. Neither France
nor Russia had issued or was likely
could we'll afford to wait, to continue
negotiations until Russia was COM
pletely modified. For Germany the
battle and perhaps the war were both
lost in advance, unless war were de-
dared or Russian mobilization stopped
at once. Hence the Russian ulti-
matum.
This German action was defensible
II it were clear that war was the
purpose of France, Russia and Britain
and that negotiations were no more
than cover for preparations, that
France and Russia were merely in
dulging in. talk to prevent any Ger
man action until the period in which
German advantage had expired. But
this was not the case and every
German embassy was so reporting
The simple fact was that the civil
government was too weak to restrain
the military and the military was
able to see the situation only from a
purely technical point of view.
In reality, had the French or
Russian government had any such
idea or undertaken to employ any
such strategy, they would imme-
diately have lost British support, for
Britain emphatically did not want
war and did not mean to be dragged
into it by any unprovoked act of her
friends. 1t is arguable that the inter
vention of the German soldiers was
due to a desire to insure war and
fear lest the pacific purpose of
Bethmann might defeat this hope
but at least there is nothing to prove
or even suggest this in the evidence
available. On the contrary, it is
possible that the soldiers believed war
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1925-09-27
Segregation of Women
In Turkey Is at End

Those high partitions that divided
the deck of the little ferry boats on
the Golden Horn into separate por.
lions for men and women have been
taken down. Not so long ago that
would have evoked anathemas from
every mosque. Turkish street cars
no longer have separate compartments
for the sexes. The women now bat
tie for standing room. This year for
the first time at the beaches on the
placid Marmara and the cold, swift
running Bosporus. mixed bathing is
permitted, though portions are re-
served for men and women sepa-
rately. When the Turkish republic
separated church and state it took
away the religious significance with
which certain forms of daily life had
been invested for 1,341 years, the pres
emit Mohammedan era. Fezzes for
men and kerchiefs around the heads
OF women are no longer accepted a.
'uonoAsp snoISHsI 70 s5ueptAs