davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1925-11-01

The chief law volators OF the country
have always been the brewers, and the
people will go slow in placing any trust in
them now
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1925-11-01

The city of Glasgow, Scotland on Oc-
tober 20, by vote of 40 to SO adopted
resolution to ban all alcoholic liquors at
civic banquets.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1925-11-01


vodka of 40 per cent alcoholic strength
was turned loose upon the people as
government monopoly" The dispatches
told of widespread drunkenness, riots and
long lines of people waiting in front of
the government groggeries for their turn
to get some of the new official stuff Il
was provided that in case the 40 per cent
alcohol did not bring the drunk quickly
enough, that 90 per cent alcohol was
available-somewhat stronger than was
the vodka of pre-war days.
And along with this confederation of
events, the "fact" was made clear that
this lugubrious step was taken because Of
the deplorable failure of prohibition" In
all this newspaper ghost dance, the real
background is nowhere visible The story
leading up to this alcoholic step is very
simple:
In the early days of the war, the Tsar
promulgated three prohibition edicts. The
first prohibited vodka during the period
of mobilization. This step was so sue
cessfu1 that the second edct provided for
prohibition during the war. This proved
so satisfactory that the third edict made
prohibition perpetual.
Prohibition Against Vodka
These prohibition edicts were only
against the vodka The matter of wine
and beer was left to the various govern
ments" or states, of which there are about
seventy, corresponding to the forty-eight
states Of America. In some cases, notably
Petrograd and Moscow, the city itself
comprises state" just as though New
York City constituted state" instead
of the existing state of that name.
Most of the states or governments in
the north half of the empire, like Petro-
grad, Moscow, KEW, Samara and some
Others prohibited wine and beer as we'll
as vodka. But the whole south of Rus
STA, which is wine and beer country,
never had prohibition of anything except
vodka.
The government that overthrow the
Tsar, led by Kerensky and Mulillov, tried
to continue the Tsar's prohibition of vod-
ka. But they were unable to maintain
themselves to say nothing of maintaining
prohibition Then came the soviet terror
and the long string of events i'll which no
law was enforced to any great extent.
The mujiks did about as they pleased. In
some places, prohibition continued, but in
most places there was no prohibition. In
general, it became the rule of light wine
and beer" At least that is what they
called it. Those who drank it declared
that it was not very light" But it was
not strong enough to suit the taste that
had been educated up to the vodka.
Light Wine and Beer Calls for Stronger
Liquor
Quite naturally, this light wine and
beer" period was not conducive to good
behavior. The government then at
tempted to overcome the light wine and
beer" troubles by turning loose vodka of
small alcoholic strength as a govern
ment monopoly" They said, with their
tongues in their cheek, that this low per
cent vodka was put out to overcome the
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1925-11-01

A number of ships OF the rum fleet have
reappeared off the New York coast laden
with holiday drinks.
Evening star., 1925-07-20

and other elements, locked up in the
bodies of plants and animals, may be
released for the development of count
less generations of living things"
DIR. Lipman explained that plants
had to develop both as to quantity
and quality in order that there might
be sufficient for the advancing forms
of animal life.
Says Man Follows Gods Way.
"One may properly speak of the
genesis of SOIL" he said, "as one
would speak of the genesis and evolu'
ton of plants and animals. Man has
learned to use this knowledge to i'm
prove his condition, and in following
the laws laid down by the Divine
Creator he has been able to fashion
more perfect forms of plant and ami
NAL life. The story of genetics,
which deals with the principles of
plant and animal breeding, is full of
interest. 1t has to it's credit more
perfect flowers, fruit Of higher yield
ing qualities and better flavor, fiber
crops of superior fiber, sugar crops
with a greater content of sugar,
crops resistent to plant diseases, crops
suitable for dry climate and wet
climate, for sour soils and sweet
soils and, in general, for a wide range
of soil and climatic conditions.
'In the same way genettcs has
made 1t possible for us to improve
on the types of animals of economic
importance in our farming industry"
Evening star., 1925-07-20
DR.. Winnerton c. Curtis

Evolution. "the doctrine Of how
things have changed in the past and
how they are changing in the present, 4"
was discussed by DR.. Winnerton C.
Curtis. zoologist, University of Mis-
souri,, in his statement.
DR.. Curtis divided his subject into
cosmic, geologic and organic evolu-
ton, as represented by the sciences
Of astronomy, geology and biology,
with consideration of the fact, the
course and the causes of organic evo-
luton.
I'VE have" he said, "the fact of
evolution as representing the histori-
cal series of events; the course fol-
lowed in evolution, for instance,
whether the land vertebrates arose
from the f1sh-like ancestors; birds
from reptiles or the like and the cause
Of evolution. or what makes it happen.
Sees Theory Supported.
THE historical fact of evolution
seems attested by overwhelming evi-
dence. Science has nothing to con-
ceal, 1t stands strong in the strength
Of demonstrable facts and invites you
to view the evidence. The course pur-
sued by evolution is known broadly
in many instances, but in the nature
Of the cause. the evidence Is limited
and many of the steps will remain
uncertain, without. however, a calling
in question of the historic fact.
THE causes Of evolution present the
most difficult problem Of all and the
one regarding which we know the
least.
Thence we turn to q discussion of
Darwin's work, declaring his accom-.
plishment was twofold.
I'm the first place, he established
organic evolution as the only reason
able explanation of the past history
in natural selection what then ap-
peared an adequate explanation for
the origin Of species and hence for
the causes of evolution"
Discusses Darwin's Work.
Continuing. he went into a detailed
discussion of the accomplishments of
the scientist, declaring that although
two theories of natural selection had
suffered q decline within recent years,
no other hypothesis Of the causes of
evolution has completely replaced
them.
'As result of this situation" he
said, there has been much discussion
among scientists regarding the ade-
Quacy Of what Is often referred to as
the Darwinian theory, meaning nat.
ural selection. In condemning selec.
ton as an inadequate explanation of
the problem, biologists often have
seemed to condemn evolution itself.
1T is not strange that the layman,
for whom Darwinism and evolution
are synonymous terms, believes that
Evening star., 1925-07-20
Jacob G. Lipman

Organic evolution from the point of
view of the soil investigator was dis.
cussed by Jacob G. Lipman in a
statement admitted to the record. DIR.
Lipman is dean of the College OF
Agriculture and director of the New
Jersey agricultural experiment station.
"a direct relation may be traced, :"
said DIR. Lipman. between soils,
plants and animals in the evolution of
organic life"
Among the early forms of life, he
continued, there were bacteria capable
of developing in purely mineral
medium, such forms being found to-
day In the sea, in mineral springs
and in soils.
Some of them" said his prepared
statement, "can obtain the energy for
their life processes by oxidizing hydro
gen gas. methane (marsh gas). carbon
monoxide, sulphur, iron and even
carbon.
Prepared Way for Others.
I'm the primitive seas and on the
rock surfaces these simple forms of
life prepared the way for the more
highly organized beings. Some bac-
terra are able to manufacture nitro
gen compounds out of the simple
nitrogen gas of the air. They thus
supply material out of which the pro-
toplasm of plant and animal cells is
made.
To-day. like many millions of years
ago, bacteria are busy creating condi-
tions necessary for the growth of
plants and animals. Bacteria are re-
sponsible for the circulation of carbon
and nitrogen in nature. The material
of plant and animal bodies is used
over and over again and processes Of
decay must go on in order that the
carbon, nitrogen, sulphur phosphorus
Evening star., 1925-07-20
BIBLE TEACHES SOUL AND BODY
ARE DIFFERENT, DEFENSE HOLDS

These animals most closely resembling
man, he declared, are the anthropoid
apes.
"A careful study shows that they
have specialized in their way quite
as much as man has In his, so that
while they are similar. yet 1t is evil
dent that mans line Of descent Is not
through any of these anthropoids.
Common Precursor Seen.
"It does appear, however, that both
man and other primateS have a COM
mon precursor. but that the anthro.
poids must have branched off from
the common stock in very remote
times. If this is true, then we might
hope to find in ancient strata Of the
rocks some evidences of earlier forms
Of men, who might perhaps more
closely approach the common ances-
tor. This is exactly the case"
DIR. Cole went on to tell of discov-
cry of bones of a being which ap-
peared to be an attempt of Nature
toward man. His statement continued
to recount the result of investigations
revealing bones of animals seeming to
stand midway between man and the
highest anthropoids.
"Only few points relating to man
and his history have been reviewed"
concluded the statement, but enough
has been said to indicate that the tes-
timony of mans body, of his embryo
logical life, of his fossil remains,
strongly points to the fact that he is
closely related to the other members
of the animal world. and that his de-
velopment to his present form has
taken place through immense periods
of time.
"It seems conclusive that It is i'm
possible to teach anthropology or the
pre-history of man without teaching
evolution"
Evening star., 1925-07-20
Charles Hubbard Judd

A seriously national disaster threat
ems II the vote Of legislatures rather
than scientific investigation are to de-
termine the details that are TO be
taught in the public schools of the
country, Charles Hubbard Judd, di-
rector Of the School of Education of
the University of Chicago, believes.
The belief was expressed in his
statement admitted to the record of
the trial today.
I'm my judgment" the document
said, "it will be quite impossible to
carry on the work in most of the de-
partments in the higher institutions
of the State of Tennessee without
teaching the doctrine of evolution as
the fundamental basis for the under
standing of all human institutions.
Elaborate studies in the field of hui
man psychology. he said, show that
a long process of evolution has been
going on in tools. language, customs,
laws and other things directly affect
ing the life of man. He expressed
the belief that 1t would be impossible
to teach adequately psychology or the
science Of education without constant
reference to the facts of mental de-
velopment included in the general
doctrine of evolution.
Evening star., 1925-07-20
SAYS BRYAN DODGED
EVOLUTION PROOFS
Turned Tail and Ran" Declares
Wiggam, Author of Book
Commoner Attacked.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
INDIANAPOLIS, July 20.-AIbert
Edward Wiggam, author Of THE New
Decalogue of Science" which William
Jennings Bryan attacked during the
trial of John T. Scopes at Dayton.
Tenn, on charges of teaching evolu-
ton. in a statement last night de-
clared Bryan turned tail and ran"
when DIR. Henry Fairfield Osborne of
New York sought to prove evolution
to the Commoner.
Charges by Mr.. Bryan that evolu-
ton leods to agnosticism are without
facts. Mr.. Wiggam said, citing that
several ministers attended the trial
who were evolutionists, but not ag-
nostics.
"On February 26 Mr.. Bryan pledged
himself to accept the proofs OF evo-
luton If any could be submitted. DR..
Osborne publicly called upon Mr.
Bryan prior to the Scopes trial to
fulfill the pledge. Instead of doing so,
Mr.. Bryan turned tail and ran. He
has used every twist and technicality
of the law to prevent the proofs of
evolution from being submitted to the
jury and to the American people.
IF Mr.. Bryan thinks that the elimi-
nation of the unfit is not a bloody
business all he has to do is to watch
a battle between two armies of ants
fighting for existence or watch an or
dinary street dog fight. Does Mr..
Bryan think the weakest ants and
dogs win? The old prophets of the
Bible did not think so.
MY book speaks for itself to all IN
telligent people whose minds are not
closed by superstition and bigotry
Mr.. Bryan is the greatest force for
irreligion in America today"
Evening star., 1925-07-20
DR.. Horatio H. Newman

The evolutionist stands for and be-
lieves in a changing world, DR.. Horatio
Hackett Newman asserted in a state
ment which the defense counsel
placed in the record today.
Evolution is merely the philosophy
of change as opposed by the philoso-
ply of flxity and unchangeability,
DIR. Newman said. "One must choose
between these alternate PHILOSOPHERS,
for there is no intermediate position:
once admit a changing world and you
admit the essence of evolution.
Evolution has been tried and test
ed in every conceivable way for con-
siderably over half a century. Vast
numbers of biological facts have been
examined in the light of this princi-
pie, and without a single exception
they have been entirely compatible
with II ."
Man Like Animals.
"If a man is a creature apart from
all animals, II Is extremely difficult to
understand the significance of the fact
that he Is constructed along lines so
closely similar to those of certain
animals; that his processes of repro
duction are exactly those of other
animals; that in his development he
shows the closest parallelism, step for
step, to the apes; that his modes of
nutrition, respiration, excretion, in
volve the same chemical processes;
and that even his fundamental psy-
Geological processes are of the same
kind, though differing in degree of
specialization, as are those of lower
animals
According to the most recent com
putations based on the rate of radium
emanations, one billion years have
elapsed since the earth first attained
its present diameter. Various esti-
mates as to the time since the first
life appeared upon the globe range
from 50,00o,000 years to about ten
times that figure.
Nome Are Identical.
are Identical with those of the present.
few species of the past which have
been placed in the same genera as
those Of today.
There is gradual progression to.
ward more highly specialized forms
as one proceeds from lower to higher
strata dn the earths CRUST. ."
Summarizing the evidences of
organic evolution" DR.. Newman s
statement concluded: "Ill of the lines
of evidence presented point strongly
to organic evolution, and none are
contrary to this principle. Most of
the facts, moreover, are utterly incom-
patible with the only rival explana-
ton, special creation.
Not only do these evidences tell a
straightforward story of evolution,
but each one is entirely consistent
with all Of the others"
Evening star., 1925-07-20
Wilbur A. Nelson

Tennessee is an ideal place in which
to study and learn the story of rock
layers, which have been laid down
from the earliest times in which any
life existed up to the present. said
Wilbur A. Nelson, State geologtst of
Tennessee, in a statement admitted
to the record today.
Mr.. Nelson, who will become head
Of the department of geology of the
University of Virginia and State geolo-
gist Of Virginia in September, said
that the study of buried animal and
plant remains has been taught in Ten
nessee since 1928.
such teaching" he said, could not
have been carried on through 81
years unless the teaching of evolu-
ton had been permitted by our reli-
gious ancestors who formed this State.
Land Once Part of Gulf.
1--WE know that originally the mouth
of the Mississippi River was near
Cairo. ILL.,. and that all of the Missis-
sippt Valley, as we know now it was
at that time, which was the close of
the Cretaceous period. a part of a
much larger Gulf of Mexico. All of
west Tennessee during that time was
in an extension of the Gulf of Mexico,
and the fine china clay deposits of
that section were laid down in shallow
water at the time tropical plants
fiourished in that section.
"In connection with evolution il is
especially of interest to note that the
relative ages of the rocks correspond
closely to the degrees of complexity of
origin shown by the fossils in those
rocks, the simpler organism being
found in the more ancient rocks, each
type of organism becoming more and
more complex as we come nearer the
present day, man and his fossil, cul-
tural remains, being no exception.
"It therefore appears that it would
be impossible to study or teach geology
in Tennessee or elsewhere, without
using the theory of evolution
Evening star., 1925-07-20

evolution has been rejected when he
hears that belief I'm Darwinism Is on
the wane. He does not understand
that what is thus meant by Darwinism
is not the historic fact of evolution,
but the proposed cause of evolution
natural selection"
With the evolution of all other living
things. both animal and plant, ''over-
whelmingly attested by the facts" he
declared 1t mot only impossible, but
puertle to separate man from the
general course of events"
Evidence Held Clearer.
Moreover. the evidence for mans
origin is becoming clearer year by
year. Comparative anatomy, en-
bryology, classification. physiology,
geographical distribution, fossils and
the existing races of mankind tell the
same story for man as for the rest of
the world.
.'If creation occurred at 9 am. on
October % of the year 1904 B. c.. as
a part of the divine plan, 1t Is amaz-
ing that such success should have
logged the steps of the students of
human skeletal and cultural remains
during the last half century.
THE skeletons, in part or in whole.
are known for a, number of subhuman
races and a vast array of implements
and other remains, all showing a pro-
greSSive advancement"
He turned from the doctrine of evo-
luton to a discussion of the evidence
of special creation as found in Genesis.
Science and common sense alike
inquire regarding the nature and
sources of this account" the state
ment said, '.'if it be regarded as a true
statement of facts. Science faces the
matter squarely, desiring only the
right to investigate and draw unpreju
diced conclusions. The results of
such investigations are not In doubt.
Had Traditions of Origin.
"It appears that the races about
the eastern Mediterranean. like other
primitive peoples, had their traditions
in Genesis apparently descended to
the early Hebrews and to their neigh
bors in Mesopotamia from a source
far antedating the appearance of the
Jews as people and their sacred writ
ings.
Archaeology and ethnology most
reasonably indicate that in It's origin
this Hebrew Babylonian tradition
may be compared with the stories of
many other primitive peoples. We
take the story in Genesis seriously as
cause 1t Is our story of creation
passed down by tradition from our
fathers.
But the past history of events,
whether of human or animal origins,
is subject for scientific inquiry, and
the answer of science is evolution.
The great antiquity Of man, the ex-
'stence at an earlier period of beings,
manlike, but intermediate between
man and the other primates, to-
gether with the facts of mans an
atomy. his embryology, his physiolog-
ical reactions, even his mentality, all
point to bodily kinship with the rest
of living nature.
1T is not that men came from
monkeys, but that men, monkeys and
apes all came from a common NAM
malian ancestry millions of years in
the past.
1T is more reasonable to believe
that the Bible is a human document
representing the history OF an ad-
vance from the concept of a barba-
rous and vengeful Jehovah Of the
earlier Old Testament through the
God of righteousness and justice of
the later prophets and eliminating in
the concept of a Father as preached
by Jesus of Nazareth"
Evening star., 1925-07-20
CHATTANOOGA Halls
SPEECH BY DARROW
Scopes Counsel Greeted Warmly by
Crowd-Raps Doctrines
Of Bryan.
By the Associated Presa.

By the Associated Press.
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, July 20.-
Warmness of the greeting of the de.
fender of Scopes was the feature of
the lecture delivered at local theater
here yesterday by Clarence Darrow
Chicago lawyer, who had as his sub
ject LEO Tolstoi, Russian Novelist and
Prophet" which was heard by 1000
people. Mr.. Darrow said that recent.
ly he had been thinking more on
fundamental subjects and that one
does not need to be fundamentals
to think"
He took occasion to rap William
Jennings Bryan at intervals through
out his address.
Mr.. Darrow was introduced by At
torney Frank Garden, who took occa-
sion to say that Tennessee was
afflicted with too much politics and
that the present predominant system
Is an outbreak of unnecessary laws.
He said that the disease had afflicted
the legislatures until they are devoid
of courage, and has only recently
driven our governor to the sanitarium
1t Battle Creek.
Evening star., 1925-07-20

Continued from First Page)
an anteroom and entered by a side
door. Scores of these moved un-
checked into the inner rallied area of
the court and sat on the floor around
the judges seat or stood in masses.
Crowd Is Reduced.
AS Judge Raulston struggled
through the crowd, the bailif an
nounced:
Now, all you people who are stand
ing will have to get out of the room.
This is an old building and the floor
is likely to give way any minute.
The crowd laughed and those with
out seats began moving toward the
door.
IF you don't get out, We'll have
to put you out" the bailiff added.
The crowd was thinned out until a
few were standing. At $40 o'clock
the spectators were orderly.
Rev. r. M. Standerfer, pastor of the
Clinton, Tenn, Methodist Episcopal
Church South, offered the opening
prayer. The preacher has been in the
Methodist ministry 40 years. He
asked for the guiding, directing pres
ence" of God.
After the Judge had read his state
ment, the case proceeded. the defense
offering a certified copy of the gov
ernors message to the Legislature
approving the bill. The State OBJ
jected to the introduction of the docu-
ment.
Judge Raulston excluded the mes
sage. The defense also offered in
evidence the text book of biology
adopted by the State Book Commits
sion. Arthur G. Hays read what this
text book says of Charles Darwin. Mr.
Hays said the purpose Of the defense
was to show the public policy Of the
State. The State again objected
Judge Raulston ruled that the book
might be filed for the present"
Mild Controversy Develops.
A mild controversy developed be-
tween defense and State counsel as to
the presentation of statements of
scientific witnesses. The question was
as to whether the statements should
be submitted without reading, or have
portions read to the court.
The defense contended that ii should
Evening star., 1925-07-20

counsel for Scopes should not be al
lowed to place before the jury expert
testimony designed to show that the
theory Of evolution does not conflict
with the Bible account Of the creation
Of man, a host Of intelligent Tennes-
scans were compelled to drink the full
measure Of their States shame. The
ruling of the court may be altogether
legal; 1t may be that the Judge could
not have ruled otherwise without vio-
lating the law Of the State. Then
more Is the pity. and heightened the
modification. But those Tennesseans
who think for themselves, who know
the significance of what has been 60
ing on at Dayton and bow their heads
in humiliation, are not altogether
blameless. Had they had the courage
and boldness to speak out when this
thing began they might have saved
themselves and their State from the
humiliation which has come upon
them"