davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-07-19
STUDY OF WAR SPIRIT
NEEDED TO BRING PEACE
Many Causes Leading to Conflicts Must
Be Understood Before There Is
Chance of Permanent Relief.

to insect-born microbes carried from
sick men or sick rats to be implanted
in the veins OF healthy people. The
causes. once known. can be found and
era dicated, A process which has saved
the lives of countless millions.
War, the greatest of all human
pests. must he studied and treated in
similar fashion. 1t does not come
of itself, but its causes are powerful
enough to override all nations who
do not brace themselves against it.
And the remedy does not lie in more
war or more arma ment, but in more
cIearness of vision, honesty of pur-
pose and a more intensive patriotism.
A pa triotism of courage and devotion
not a lip service on flag waving
days. No lover of this country will
help to plunge his nation into war
even in a righteous cause. for there
are always wiser and better ways to
settle personal or political differences
than the trial of battle
Types of War Makers.
There are in the main five types of
war makers. First are the militia rists,
who tire of dawdling peace functions.
When they fire they crave "a mark
that wiggles when 1t is hit" The
gamblers Zest for the chance of
glory and the grave" Is inseparab BILE
from the war spirit.
Next we have the war-maker politi-
can fearing the loss of power, and
acting in accord with Treitsche's law:
Foreign war is the swift remedy for
all internal unrest and lack of patriot
ISM Not far behind comes the
gray old strategist' "scenting from
afar the cadaverous odor of lucre"
Next comes the exploiter of backward
Xxh demands tinr
the costly terrorism of our way
Finally we have the mob which fol
lows every band wagon and which
If often led by hot-blooded nd empty
headed youth who has yet to learn
the real meaning of patriotism.
Through these elements war comes,
and people are led or pushed into
conflict. Every nation at all times
needs all the patience. virtue and in
telligence it can muster to keep off
the bloody but we'll travelled road
which leads to ruin.
War Easiest Course.
In any time of interna tional dis
cord to go to war is to follow the
line of least resistance. Every ma
tion is orga nized for war, not one
for peace. 1t requires leadership of
courage and conscience to struggle
against the current when the test
comes. The stream of events which
sweep on toward war has been in
every country prepared with diaboli.
cal ingenuity. Gen. Maude, a Ger
man war advocate, speaks of military
drill which has turned half the male
population of continental Europe to
"vibrate in harmony with war calls )"
"One needs" he says, ''only to strike
the necessary chords in order to evoke
response sufficient to overflow any
other ethical conception which those
who have not organized their forces
beforeha nd can appeal to-
War is an acquired vice and one
contrary to the natural feelings of
huma nifty. AS Simon Patteu has OBJ
served, Peace and sympathy are the
natural expression of our emotions"
War can never come when men are
normal and when their government
In led by wisdom and intelligence,
tcopyright. 1880
Evening star., 1925-07-19

before the war This, despite the
fact that the war got people i'll the
habit of using violence and despite
the fact that crime usually increases
after every war.
You ask me for the secret" he
continued. There is none. We
simply practise a system of crime
prevention, which | helped 10 orig
mate after the war.
When | came into office l found
the police Offices top heavy with
white-collar clerks and executives,
who did nothing but sit in their offices
and wear uniforms which YOU Amer
leans would call sporty | ordered
all of these men out on the street as
plain clothes men. | made them into
detectives and each detective had his
district for which he was responsible.
His job was to prevent crime be-
fore 1t happened. not to detect it
afterward. If a stranger moved into
his district, it was his business to
learn all about that stranger, to find
out who his family We're. what his in
come was, how much he spent, wheth-
Ell he was living within his income,
where he spent his evenings and who
his friends were.
This takes an enormous number
of police. but our low crime record
shows that it is worth it
Freer Now Than Before.
When l reminded Herr Schober that
the United States had always prided
itself upon personal liberty and was
opposed to having the police spy into
the personal affairs of citizens, he
replied:
''Of course, in the old days under
Emperor Franz Josef. Austria was
threaded with A most thorough net
work of spies. so that our people
are rather used TO having the police
know all about them. But today 1t
is much different. | doubt IL our
Evening star., 1925-07-19
CRIME PREVENTION BEST

Herr Schober,t once pre-
mier, now police chief OF
Vienna, tells how crime is
kept down in Austria and
why it is not kept down in
America. He describes his
police officer as follows:
"IIis job is to prevent
crime before it happens, If
a stranger moves into his
district it is his business to
know all about him-to find
out who his family is, what
his income is, how he spends
it, whether he is living with
in his income. where he
spends his evenings and who
his friends are. This takes
an enormous number of po-
lice. but our low crime rec
ord shows that it is worth
it,"
Evening star., 1925-07-19

, to violence. or when ! think they NAV
incite others to violence. But / use
this only in moderation. Moderation
in all things-that is the secret of
successful police.
Let me give you an example of
how we manage these Communists.
Al one time they wanted to hold a
parade around the Ringestrasse. You
remember this street? Well, | forbade
the parade
But the burgomaster intervened
He is a very fine man. but he Is a
Social Democrat and he must play
politics. SO in order to appease the
radical wing of his "arty he urged
that a meeting be held instead of
parade. l agreed 10 this. But /
knew in advance who would cause the
trouble. There YOU see the advantage
of our police system. whereby we
know All about every citizen.
Only Three Bricks Thrown.
so when the meeting was held
placed beside every Communist one or
two detectives. And this / consider
good joke-there were only three
bricks thrown during the entire meet
| ing. Immediately when a brick was
thrown a detective was alongside that
man and had him off to jail. We
made only three arrests. That was
| because we knew our men in ad-
vance.
Yes" concluded the President en-
pha tically, 'the police must be in
formed. That Is the principle on
I which | work"
why is there so much crime in
America and SO little crime in Eu-
rope?" | asked.
For one thing" replied Herr
| Schober, after some thought, the ma
| tions of Europe are made up of homo
geneous peoples. We are either Ger
mans or Austrians or Slavs. One
/ country fights with another / regret
| to say. but within each individual
nation we do not fight so much. That
| is, there Is not much crime.
america is entirely different. You
are made up of every national
! tty under the sun. There are
Germans and Austrian ms and Slavs and
! Latins all mixed mp together. You
do not fight with the outside world
In fact. YOU have been surprisingly
| peaceful country. But instead. you
| take it out on yourselves. You fight
| within your own country. ] wonder
| il this race mixture does not have
| great deal to do with your amount
of crime?
Too Many RevoIvers.
Then. also, you are impulsive and
emotional. You are energetic and
you are wealthy. You lead the world
in sports and also in the mass of
| riches YOU have stored up in this great
country. You produce red-blooded
men. 1t is natural that when you
excel in most good things. you should
also excel in some of the bad.
"Of course" concluded the Presi-
dent. with a wave of his ha nd, these
are all theories. | do not know if
they are true. But If you want facts
! will give You one that cannot be dis
puted. Americans carry more revol.
vers than all the people of Europe.
Asia md Africa combined. l suspect
that this one fact alone causes more
violent crime than all of my other
theories put together"
Copyright 1927
Evening star., 1925-07-19

police are any more intrusive into
personal affairs than your prohibition
officers But we know more about
people in quiet way, so that we
can always find them.
For insta nee, every traveller who
registers at a hotel must also register
with the police. In the United States
this is not necessary. Our practice en-
ables us to keep track of great many
criminals who travel from one city
or from one country 10 another"
Despite the plight in which Aus
tria found herself after the war she
did not suffer from Communist revo-
utions nearly as much as some Of
her neighbors. such as Hungary and
Germany. So | asked Herr Schober
how he dealt with the problem OF
Boishevist propa gal nda.
We have had a lot of it, he ad-
mtted Whenever there is economic
unrest. there is also social unrest
Whenever the factories close down,
bunch of Communists from Germa nv
or Russia put in their appearance
and begin distributing literature and
preaching the third Internal tionaIe as
the pana cea for all social ills.
Those gentlemen are easy. / sim
ply capture them and give them-how
YOU say it-a good boost out of
Austria
But with the Austrian Communists
-ah, that is different, We let them
alone as long as they are peaceful
but when they advocate force, we ar
rest them"
Drawing the Line.
Chow can you draw the line where
peaceful demonstration ends and force
begins" / asked.
olc ig
use common sense. There is a pro,
vision in our 1aws-pa ra graph 305--
which gives me almost any power. ]
can arrest people for melting others
Evening star., 1925-07-19
BY GEORGE f. ROBERTS
Vice President of the National City
Bank of New York.

- OMETHING of a sensation seems
to have been caused at the
recent meeting of the 1nterna-
tional Cha of Commerce
at Brussels by the utterances of
two eminent delegates. Both of them
set forth in rather pungent sentences
that payments upon reparattons or
international Indebtedness of any
kind were possible only by means of
goods or services, and that the credi-
tor countries We're unwilling to
sauarely face this fundamental con-
dition. The doctrine itself Is generally
accepted by economists. but the pub
lie seems to have interpreted these
addresses as predicting failure for the
Dawes plan.
Difficulties Recognized.
The Dawes plan, however, does not
guarantee specific payments. 1t
recognizes that there are difficulties
about making payments outside of
Germany which the German govern
ment alone cannot overcome; so it
provides that the obligation of the
German government is discharged
when the required sums are paid into
the central bank at Berlin to the
credit of the transfer agent repre-
senting the reparations commission.
This agent is charged with managing
the transfers out of Germany, sub
tect to the condition that they must
be accomplished without disturbing
the exchanges or depreciating the
German currency, for the stabiliZing
of the exchanges and currency was
the very first step In the Dawes plan.
The fund which accumulates in the
foreign exchange, but that exchange
must be first created by the sale of
German products abroad.
There Is no gainsay wing that this
principle applies in any kind of pay
ments running from one country to
another. Indeed, it appears even in
business between different sections
of the same country. Every section
of this country pays for what 1t buys
outside OF its boundaries with the
commodities of its own production.
Money is only the small change of the
business world. a convenience. but not
an original means of payment.
Values Must Be Tangible.
There is room for differences of
to home industries, and over how to
deal with the foreign debts but there
should be no disagreement about
how International payments actually
are made. Final settlements are ac-
complished only by the transfer of
tar.gihle values. OF course. payment
may be postponed by giving promis-
sorry notes or bonds, or through in
vestments by citizens of the creditor
country in the debtor country, but
obviously that is not final settle
ment.
1t IL not required that we should re-
ceive goods direct from the debtor
countries: they may have credit bal
anceS with other countries which thet
can transfer to us. but the PROPOSE
tion that payment to us must come
in goods still holds good. This
roundabout method Of settlement
Evening star., 1925-07-19
BY DAVID STARR JORDAN.

tn HE common appeal in behalf
of military cost in all coun-
tries is ba sed on the idea of
i being ready IF war should
come" In the words of
recent exponent of that notion. Peace
is fra gie thing. as frag gile as a scrap
of paper" THE fragility of peace
such as it is a phase to the operation
of what has been called "Johnson's
law" was this stated in 1912 by DR..
Alvin Johnson:
with expanding and competing ma
tions war shall consume the fruits
of progress"
1t was a medieval belief that dis
ease. pestilence and all things evil
came "of themselves" or as vista
tions of Providence on helpless hui
manity. The same childish fatalism
seems to infest popular feeling in all
countries, showing visible results in
Johnsons law of fear and pre-
paredness."
Science is founded on the belief that
nothing comes of ITSELF" that every
condition, every incident. has an ef-
fective cause. Hence such vista tions
AS the yellow fever the black death,
the bubonic plague and their like are
traced to their sources; in these cases
Evening star., 1925-07-19
BY DREW PEARSON.

n greatest industry?
wv That question, which
originated from state
ment by A. G. Bedford,
chairman Of the Standard Oil Co.
took to Chancellor Johann
Schober. president of the Vienna
Police and one of the greatest police
administra tors in the world.
Herr Schober replied: Your crime
problem is great because YOU are the
most energetic country in the world.
You are the most virile, the richest,
the most subject to temptation. The
nations of Europe are older and more
settled. 1t is no particular credit to
us that we have fewer murders.
And Herr Schober proceeded to
outline the method he used to pre-
vent crime in Nienna-a method
which has made that city one of the
safest in the world. But before re
peating this prescription for crime
cure let me give you picture of this
famous Austrian.
A Genial Policeman.
Herr Preside lent. as his fellow coun-
try men call DR.. Schober. is short.
plump and jovial. A white Nandyke
appearance a prime minister is sup
posed to have. but does not hide
genial twinkle which instantly tells
YOU that DIR. Schober is more of "A
human being than formal disnitary.
Yes. this is my first trip to Amer
lea he told me. when We We're eN-
changing preliminary formalities.
"and | confess that | am aching to
be home. In u years l have not been
away from Vienna for more than
three weeks. That was when ] was
federal chancellor and attended the
Genoa conference. 1t lasted six weeks.
but ! was there only three times for
very short stays"
Herr Schober was one of Austria s
first chancellors. When that once
important empire was shorn of its
va ssai races-when its factories were
given to Czechoslovakia. it's wheat
fields TO Hungary. its cattle and lum-
ber regions to Jugoslavia and its
5000 900 people were confronted with
the problem of making a living on a
little patch of rocky soil about the
size of Maryland. Herr Schober was
given the job of chancellor. Through
the succeeding days of food riots.
starvation and Communist intrigue.
Herr Schober led his country either
as chancellor or in the important
position of president of the police.
During this period Vienna suffered
from very little violent crime.
Secret of yienneSe Order.
When I reminded the ex-chancellor
of these facts and asked him to tell
me the secret of IT, he replied mod
estly:
Yes. Vienna is a fairly safe city
Crime has decreased steadily until it
is now at a point lower than 1T was
Evening star., 1925-07-19
Why Does i. S. Lead lin Crime?

Note.-This is the second in q
series Of tour articles Ia which Mr.
Pearson asks four Of the tcorld's
greatest police chiefs "WhD Amer
ica leads the trorId in crimeP"
Evening star., 1925-07-19
L.. s. Holds Balance.
CIR. tt, s3.610,552,566 s4,5so.sS1 .95s
Net Balance aSO.42S.

This shows trade balances in our
favor with three of the grand diVi-
sions and aga inst us with three. but a
net balance in our favor of s9S0.42S,-
392. Can any one shift these totals so
AS to accomplish reduction of the
outstanding Indebtedness to the
United States? The truth is that Ia st
years trade account was settled bv
increa sing the sum of foreign indebt-
edness to the United States
Copyright Cosmos Newspaper Syndicate.
William Allen White Chairman Editorial
Board
Evening star., 1925-07-19
PAYMENT OF WAR DEBTS
In COMMODITIES SEEN
Declaration at International Chamber
Causes SensatiOn-Creditors Not
Willing to Approve.

sometimes Is referred to as though it
was solution of the problem, but it
ts not solution unless our imports in
the aggregate are greater than our
exports by enough to pay the debts.
L. s. Holds Balance.
In the year 1924 our foreign trade
with the grand divisions was as fol-
lows:
Evening star., 1925-07-19
VEXINC PROBLEM FACES
FRENCH In MOROCCO WAR
Prevented From Violating Spanish From
tier and Meeting Internal Opposition,
She May Have Long Fight Ahead.
BY FRANK III. SIMONDS.

tn HE Moroccan campaign. which
has already developed into
frst-class colonial war and
Il has no parallel in French ex-
Evening star., 1925-07-19

What is true of beef will be true
OF wheat, except in years when there
are crop failures in countries where
wheat can be grown more chea ply.
And when Russia returns as great
exporter of wheat, as it is bound to
do in time. there will be still less
rea son to expect a market in Europe
for American wheat. The world has
now about adjusted itself to the alb
sence OF the former Russian supply.
When Russia returns as a producer
II Is likely that wheat acres other
tha n American ones will be driven
out of the business of growing wheat.
We have several thousa nd years of
history to justify the assertion that
the world will always get it's bread
grains where they can he had the
chea pest.
American pork products are likely
Continued on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1925-07-19

w HY is crime Americas
n greatest industry?
wv That question. which
originated from a state
Evening star., 1925-07-19

ONDON.-I am going to devote
this letter to a discussion of
the combined subjects OF ship
ping and trade. with particular
Evening star., 1925-07-19

. OMETHING of a sensation seems
to have been caused at the
recent meeting of the 1nterna
tional Chamber of Commerce
ut RrnsSaIS hN the lffera ncPS of
Beverly banner. [volume] (Beverly, N.J.) 1877-1964, 1925-10-09

E d u q r d w.
Browning, mill
ionaire real es-
tate operator of
New York, had
advertised for a
girl whom he
could adopt as
companion for
Dorothy, b 1 8
adopted daugh-
t e r Little Ar
mand Stein is
pleading h l 8
cause | n Mr..
Browning's of
ice. The lucky
child who Is
adopted Viii
have everything
wealth can Sc
cure.
Beverly banner. [volume] (Beverly, N.J.) 1877-1964, 1925-10-09

Up. & A. Photo
Well trained to score
bull's-eyes are these
soldiers, who consti-
tute the oldest gun
crew in the United
States Army, now
stationed at Boston
Harbor Fort. Their
periods of service.
range from eighteen
to twenty-seven
years.
Evening star., 1925-08-02

instruction program Is being arranged
for the Infantry, but up to date it is
not known where the infantrymen
will be sent for their training.
Gen. Feland .-'ayed a conspicuous
part in the Operations in which the
marines participated, and as lieuten-
ant colonel in May, 1918. was second
in command of the 5th Marine Regi-
ment which stemmed the advance of
the shock troops OF the Prussian
Guards at Belleau Woods On June
6, 1918, he was very active in the
operations connected with the attack
on Hill 142, from which position the
Germans had inflicted a heavy loss
on the marines. and from June IA to
Is, 1918. Gen. Feland commanded and
directed the operations Of group of
troops in Belleau Woods proper, in
cluding the 1st and I'd Battalions,
9Th Marines. I'd Battalion, 5th Ma
rines, and other Marine detachments
who were engaged with the Germans
in the advanced positions. 1t was for
his conspicuous valor in the Belleau
Woods battle that Gen. Feland was
awarded the Distinguished Service
Cross.
Promoted to colonel July l. 1918, he
commanded the 5th Marine Regiment
in action with distinguished ability at
the battle of scissors, and later in the
Champagne led that regiment in the
attack of the I'd Division on Blanc
Mont Ridge. Gen. Feiand also rem
dered gallant service In the Argonne.
For his exploits in the World War
Gen. Feland was awarded the Distin-
guished Service Cross. the Distinguish
ed Service Medals of the Army and of
the Navy, was made an officer of the
Evening star., 1925-08-02

Shenandoah from Lakehurst to San
Diego. Calf. 1t was made known
this week. In statement just be-
fore he sailed for Hampton Roads,
Va. the Secretary declared that the
move to San. Diego would be ac-
complished as soon as funds became
available. Those who are acquainted
with the operations of the Budget
Bureau, however, point out that 1t will
be some time before this will occur. No
estimates, 1t is said, are included in
this years budget for the beginning
of the work.
The establishment of base on the
Pacific coast for both airships, 1t is
estimated. would cost $4,000 to
$4,000, 900, the hangar alone costing
about 50 100000. Decreased operating
costs. the Secretary said. would result
from the move to San Diego, the
weather in this locality being more
favorable to the operation of airships.
Another favorable factor in this con-
templated change in airship bases is
that the helium source OF supply Is
closer to San Diego than Lakehurst
Although all OF the results OF the
recent exercises held off Hampton
Roads and Nantucket between the
Shenandoah and the U. S. S. Texas
have not been made public, 1t is be.
lieved that they convinced the Secre-
tary that the Los Angeles and Shen-
andoah are of real military value. So
enthusiastic are some of the high
ranking officers of the Navy over the
recent Texas-Shenandoah maneuvers,
that upon the Secretary's return to
Washington they will recommend that
Evening star., 1925-08-02
the Los Angeles be ordered to Pacific
waters to Join the battleship fleet

the Los Angeles be ordered to Pacific
waters to join the battleship fleet.
Upon the return of Secretary VIII
bur to his duties in the Navy Depart
ment this month, he will immediatel
take up not only the Britten bill,
which extends selection down to
lieutenants, but he will carefully con.
slider the bill providing for the equal
ization Of promotion between the line
and staff. Approval has been given
by the Secretary Of the general prin-
ciples Of the equalization bill. but he
has not yet committed himself on
the Britten measure.
Representative Britten upon his re-
turn from Europe, it is understood,
will take the matter up again with the
Secretary. the chief of naval opera
tions and the members Of the gen
eral board Of the Navy.
A marked change in the training
policy of the Marine Corps will soon
be placed into effect, due to the as
signment Of Brig. Gen. Logan Feland
u. S. NJ. c., to the Marine Corps East
Coast Expeditionary Force at Guam
tico Va. where he will direct the
training of the marines. The admin
istration of general Marine Corps af-
fairs at this station will be under the
control Of Maj. Gen. Eli * Cole,
u. S. M. c., who will continue as COM
mandant of the Marine Corps bar
racks at this station.
Under the new training policy. the
artillerymen will be ordered to some
nearby range, probably Camp Meade.
Md, where they will simulate actual
battle conditions and be given inten-
sif1ed training In gunnery. A similar
Evening star., 1925-08-02

were Mrs. Young. from Dumfries,
Va; Mrs. Clara Nevins and Mrs.
Mary O'Hallaran of Clarendon: Mrs.
Sarah Bartlett and Mrs. Hattie V.
Ludwig of Alexandria, and Mrs. Min
ME G. Martin, past president of the
Rebecca Assembly Of Virginia.
Evening star., 1925-08-02

Legion of Honor and received the
Croix de Guerre, with bronze star,
gold star and four palms.
Celebration of it's 135th anniversary