davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-12
What Are the Conditions of Labor in America?

very meager existence. Yet l am hold
ing one of the highest rated jobs in
the freight accounting department.
During my forty years of railroad SER
vice l have never received more than
enough to maintain very restricted
standard of living. Yet l have been
more fortunate than most of my fell
low workers. There are just myself
and my wife. We are both econom-
ical. We are careful with our house
hold expenses. We wear inexpensive
clothes, and wear them longer than
we like to. We live in a modest apart
ment, yet one-fourth of my wages go
to the landlord each month. My gas
and electric bills have doubled in the
last three years.
Il have lost more in wage reductions
since wages were at their peak than
| have gained in reduced living costs,
statistics to the contrary notwith-
standing. My wife and are deprived
of amusement; we both like music and
the drama but seldom get to see
good show, and never an opera. An
occasional picture show is about all
We can afford.
Il have saved less during the last
year and half than during any STINT
lar period in the last eight years. AT
ter forty years Of service l have been
unable to save anything like enough
TO provide against the time when l
shall probably have reached the age
when my earning power ceases.
"The company in whose service |
have given the better part OF my life
a company which has enjoyed unin-
terrupted prosperity for years, partic-
ularly the last four, and can well af-
ford to increase our wages, refuses to
do so, but expects me to be loyal and
watchful of the companies interests
and render efficient service. | have
been loyal and have been a hard
worker; but what has it gotten me?
J and my class deserve a wage increase
and am willing to take whatever ac-
ton is necessary to get IT,"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-12

The union TO which this worker be-
longs is not red, has not the faintest
pink tinge. 1t is 100 per cent Ameri-
can in the true Gompersian sense. But
its official organ comments upon the
letter, saying: This man voiced the
protest of two hundred thousand rail
road and express clerks and station
service employees. Literally that many
workers of our classes are today re-
ceiving wages that mean a restricted
life, privation. and in thousands OF
cases actual want"
1t is true of railroaders land out of
the 100000 employees on the railroads
it is true of at least 5OO,OOO-while
the more privileged receive only 20
per cent to so per cent more wages)
then it is even more true of the steel
workers, the miners, the textile work
'ers, the rubber workers, etc. The
building trades seem to be an excep-
ton, but this is largely an Illusion, and
to the extent that 1t is true, is very
temporary. Even the printers, With
their mighty union" the Interna-
tional Typographical Union,- have been
steadily losing ground. The automo-
bile workers are being constantly driv-
en- down to the level of other indus
tries, in spite of the tremendous ex-
pansion of that production. Our rail-
way clerk, quoted above, spoke not
only for two hundred thousand clerks.
he spoke for ten million workers in
America who are living on the ragged
edge of poverty.
What is to be done about it? The
official leaders of American labor are
exerting all their powers to completely
reorientate the unions away from
strikes and struggle, towards class
collaboration, towards "B. & o. plans"
towards company unions, towards in
surance and labor banking. This class
collaboration movement is growing
more menacing every day. It is
gnawing at the very heart of unionism.
The Trade Union Educational
League, and the Communists, have
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1925-12-12
BY EARL r. RRowDER.

DIRECTION is sometimes raised
" against the statistical material
gathered by the research department
of the Workers Party; material which
shows the increasing rate of exploita-
ton of labor and the absolute decline
in the standard of living: the objec-
tions being on the ground that the fig
ures are incomplete and therefore
prove nothing, and that the actual con-
ditions of the workers, as disclosed by
direct investigation, are on the whole
improving. To what extent are these
objections valid?
Admitting that the statistical inves-
tigation is far from complete, it must
still be insisted upon, that almost all
figures, compiled by many Independent
institutions GALL of them either hostile
to labor or ''neutral"), disclose the
same tendency of increase in rate OF
exploitation and an absolute de-
cline in the standard of living. the
spread-eagle claims of Hoover and
Coolidge to the contrary notwithstand-
ing. The only way in which improve
ment Of labor standards can be shown
is to compare present conditions with
the period of peak prices righc after
the war, when labor was at its lowest
point. The true tendency is disclosed
by longer-range comparison Gas in
Paul H. Douglas Wages in 1890
1920 and by the current development
in the present period of prosperity"
For the moment, however, let us
ask what are the actual living condi-
tons of labor as disclosed by empiri-
cal investigation?
A sample case may be taken from
the "aristocracy of labor" the rail-
road workers.
In the Railway Clerk" for Decem.
Der, 1925, page 479, may be found the
following letter from a railway EN-
ploye, 1t saysi
after nearly forty years spent in
railroad service am today receiving
wage barely sufficient to provide
Evening star., 1925-05-31
20 CHICAGO FACULTY
MEMBERS TO RETIRE
Change of Age Limit This Year
VIII Eliminate Group of Widely
Known Educators.
Rr the Assnciated rrcss


CHICAGO. MAJ 2n.-The Chicago
night. says that upward Of score n
nationally known educators viii he
dropped from the faculty of tho Uni
versity Of Chicago al the end of the
present academic year. The rea aSOu
given by the paper IS that the boa NJ
of trustees. OF which Harold u. Swift
is president recently lowered the age
limit for retirement Of faculty mem
bers from 20 TO o.
Among the more prominent of
those affected by the new age limit.
says the Herald and Examiner. are
Prof. Albert A. Nicholson. first Ameri-
can TO receive the Nobel prize whose
researches in physics have made him
internationally famous. Prof. John
Merle Coulter. head of the botany de
partment and one Of the world. : great r.
est authorities on the subject, Pro-.
Marion Talbot. dean Of women at
the university since its founding in
1892: DIR. Frank Justus Miller. profes-
sor Of Latin and a widely known Clas-
steal scholar. Dr. Benjabin Terry, au-
thor of English textbooks used in uni
verSities everywhere: DIR. Nathaniel J..
Butler. professor OF English litera-
ture and former dean of the Col
lege of Education: Prof. Albion Small.
head of the department of sociology
and noted authority on his subject.
and DR. Harris Tallman, former dean,
professor of English literature. and an
eminent ShakeSpeareaR scholar.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
500, 100000 Loss
In Tourist Money
Seen in Dry La,O
americans Go abroad for
Vacations TO Drink,
Wets Hold.

This country loses 500, 900, 900 an
nually, the Association Against the
Prohibition Amendment declared in a
statement yesterday, because Annert-
can vacationists opposed TO the pro-
hibition law spend that much abroad.
The statement estimated that half
a million Americans would go out of
the country for their vacations this
year anc would spend about 5000, ,00o.-
600. AT least half of the tourists, 4"
1t continued, will have been infiu-
enced by the Volstead law in choosing
their Summer Fairgrounds. Therefore
charge 500, 900 900 to be spent outside
the country this year to prohibition" I"
The tourists, the statement said,
would travel on foreign ships, because
''all ships flying the American flag
are dry"
Seacoast resorts in this country, il
added, like Atlantic City have com
planned of hard times each Summer
since the passage of the Nolstead law,
which is significant"
The statement pointed to reports
that Americans had spent 10000 in
Ontario on the day "A beer was
placed on sale there.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
MONK TURNS SOLDIER.
French Colonel on Moorish Front
Renouuced Cloth,

PARIS. May 80 CP).-Col. Freyden-
berg, commanding in the central sec
tor OF the French front in Morocco,
started life as a Monk, but before tax.
ing the orders of priesthood renounced
the cloth in favor of q military career.
He fought valiantly in the World
War, receiving the Cravat of the
Legion of Honor on the battlefield.
He was a ma jor under Gen. Mangin
during the Germans terrific drive
against Verdun.
How is everything going in your
sector" Gen. Mangin, who recently
died, asked Fre-denberg one day.
"All right except for a nest of Ger
man machine guns on my left flank"
replied the major.
German machine guns" CALCULATED
the general in mock surprise why
/ make present of them"
Freydenberg saluted and replied: ct
will collect them tonight" And lie
did.
After the armistice Freydenberg was
assigned to Morocco, where he resolved
to act as sort of missionary of
French civilization in the protectorate,
evangelizing the tribesmen. Now,
however. he has been obliged to use
other methods.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
PLANS MOVE TO UNIFY
ALL EXCLUSION LAWS
Representative Albert Johnson
Wants Act to Embrace All
Ineligible for Citizenship.
Bv the Associated Press

by the Associated FTess.
CENTRALIA. Wash, May So.-A
plan TO combine in one act of Congress
ali the exclusion laws heretofore
passed so as to embrace all aliens in
eligible 70 admission. was announced
by Representative Albert Johnson in
a Memorial day address here.
My proposal for further congress
sional action is based on the fact that
we secured the exclusion of Oriental
peoples through three separate pieces
of legislation, each painful and long
drawn-out in enactment.
Many think that the new law was
aimed directly at the japanese. I
think that the committee of which 1
have the honor to be chairman will
attempt this Winter to repeal entirely
the other two Oriental exclusion laws.
The whole problem will rest on the
words that persons ineligible To citi-
Zenship shall not be admitted for per
manent residence, and the problem IS
really solved.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
SOCIALIST VIENNA
SEEKSu.S OUTLET
Wants to Send $4,000 Emi.
grants Here Above Quota.
Asks Geneva to Aid Plan.
By Cable to The Star and Chicago Daily News.

BY Cable to The Star and Chicago Daily News
VIENNA, May S0.-Austria wants
to send $4,000 emigrants to the United
States. The Vienna Labor Chamber
has handed the government a pro-
posal To grasp the next opportunity
when, in the course of international
affairs. Austrian problems are dis
cussed, TO propose requesting that the
NJnited States permit the entrance of
81 .0G0 Austrians in addition to the
quAta.
The Labor Chamber states that
Austria Is too small to fourish all of
its Inhabitants, and that the only
remedy is emigration. The chamber
proposes that the League Of Nations
act as fnfa rmediary in obtaining per
mission to send the extra quota of
Austrians to America. In case the
United Statea accepts, the chamber
proposes that the Austrian govern
ment use the don, fund to finance the
emigration and ss'pport the families
of the emigrants Autil they can fol
low the breadwinnerA, 1t is calculated
each emigrant would eost the govern
m msnt n :. s14s. J. s., but thatwouid be less
Sc,ouyr5xs.t srr d .IasE sv-fnscssuefhdlyassSv<AE
Evening star., 1925-05-31
SPANISH PLANES ATTACK.
Bombard Tribal Regions Suspected As
Rebel Centers.

TETUAN, Spanish Morocco, May 30
CGo).-Spanish air squadrons have
carried out an intensive bOmbardmeut
of the Yebala tribe regions, it was
announced here today and consequent
" the greater part of the Yebala coun-
try is deserted, except for "A few rebel
guards. Women and children hare
been sent 10 the interior, outside the
range Of Spanish bombs.
The airplanes not only bombed all
places suspected Of harboriug rebels.
bur AT times few low and fired their
machine guns into groups Of Yehala,
dispensing them.
In the bomha rdment of Znco-el Sebt
de I-aiau the rebels suffered 500 cas-
ualties. It is reported.
The village of Kama kras was set on
fire by Spanish airplanes. Rebels who
were using rifles against the air in
vaders were put TO flight.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
SHEPHERD DEFENSE
LAWYERS PROBED
Witness in Former Trial They
Handled Is Questioned
by Prosecutor.
By the Associated Press.

CHICAGO, May 3o-StatA's Attor'
ney Robert E. Grove today launched
an investigation of methods employed
by William Scott Stewart and w. w
ORrien, defense attorneys in the Shep
herd trial, in their previous criminA'
cases. The move was occasioned, Mr.
Grove. said, by successive develop
ments which have led to suspicion Of
attempted Jury fixing in the trial Of
Shepherd.
Edward j. Roos, a defense witness
in a murder trial handled by Attorney
O'Brien q short time ago, and which
resulted in a verdict of acquittal, was
placed under technical arrest and ques-
toned. The sole comment offered by
States attorneys was that ne told "a
highly improbable story
AS there was no session of court to-
day. four jurors and eight veniremen
were held in confinement until Mon
day. when efforts will he continued to
select f2 men to serve as a Jury in the
case of William D. Shepherd. accused
of causing the death of his wife's mil
lionaire ward by the use Of typfoid
EeTMe and a1btlA rpiscuss
Evening star., 1925-05-31
MANY GERMAN PACTS.
Reich, Non-M ember Of League, I!
Third in Treaty List.

By Cable to The Star and New York World.
GENEVA, May 30.-Although Ger
many is not a member of the Lea que
of Nations, the third largest number
of treaties filed with the league has
come from that state.
Today Germany deposited IL con-
ventions with Poland on industrial,
economic and political matters, bring
ing the total well above so. Thus
far more than 900 treaties have been
registered by Great Britain, which Is
the leading nation in number of pa
pers submitted. France is second 1t
is expected that Washington will be-
gin registering treaties as soon as ad-
herence to the World Court is estab-
Iished there. But this Is. after all, un-
important, since every convention ne
gotiated by the United States with
league members is eventually regis
tered.
fCopyrighrA
Evening star., 1925-05-31
OXFORD PRESS PRINTS
BOOKS IN $50 TONGUES
P1ant, Capable of Vast Output,
- Started in 18th Century,
Noted for Errors.
Cerrespondence of the Associated Press.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
OXFORD, England May 12.-The
Oxford University Press, whose print
ing activities date back to the later
wears of the fifteenth century, is add
ing newly cut fonts of Greek and He
brew type of pleasing design to it's
vast type collections. The establish
rnept possesses type for printing in
well over $50 different languages. in
Guiding hieroglyphics, Eteo- -Cretan,
Gurumukhi and Chinese.
As is usual in the affairs of men,
the Oxford Press is more noted for
its serrors than it's successes. OF the
vast numbers of Bibles printed in all
tongues, from Coptic to Icelandic, four
are given value and fame for small
miSprints. They are the Vinegar
Bible" with vinegar for vineyard in
Luke, Xxx; the "Murderers' Bible, +"
with murderers for murmurers in
Jude; the Ears to Ear Bible" with
a nlisprint in Matthew, xii, and the
''Wffehater Bible,' with a mistake in
Luke, xiv.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
COLORADO MOUNTAIN
PAUSES IN ITS SLIDE
Great Pile Believed Resting for
Another Movement Into
Rio Blanco Valley.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
DENVER, Colo. May 30.-Charles
W. Henderson, mineral geograpler of
the United States Geological Survey.
points out that even a mountain can
not engage in "galloping" without
pausing to 'catch it's breath" He
believes that the moving mountain
on the highway between Meeker and
Rife, Colo. may be resting for an
other slide in the Rio BIanco Valley.
A number of large cracks have ap-
peared across the base of the noun
tain, and this, according to Hender-
son. indicates that the base of the
peak is weakening. If this base, a
stratum of sandstone. gives way, the
mountain is expected to slip farther
into the valley.
Biologists attribute the movement
of the mountain partly to physical
of it's base, made for the
construction Of the highway. This
slicing of the peaks toe apparently
upset it's equilibrium, they say.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
FRANCE NEEDS DANCE.
Tango and Fox Trot Here Run
Their Course.

PARIS. May 80 GP---A new dance
is badly needed in France to replace
the tottering tango and falter;ng fox
trot.
The congress Of French dancing
masters had under consideration this
week 1T new dances submitted in an
swer to an offer of a prize of $500
francs, but not one was judged suitable.
principally on account OF the compli-
Gated nature of the steps.
Another fact brought out by the
congress was that dancing among the
younger folk is on the decline. On the
other hand, II is growing in favor
among the elderly. One dancing mas
ter said he had as pupil woman
of 72 who could dance the tango and
fex trot with the best Of them and
Evening star., 1925-05-31
GASFUMES KILLED
A|RMAN, IS BELIEF
Friends Recall That Lieut..
Veeder Recently Was Taken
III, on Flight.
BY the Associated Press.


NORFOLK. Va. May 3o.-Lieut
who died in Washington yesterday
just as he brought his plane to per
feet landing after a fight from Nor
folk, probably was the victim of gas
fumes from his engine, is the belief
of friends here.
They recall that about ten days
ago, while flying from Washington
to Hampton Roads, he was taken i'll
supposedly from inhaling fumes, but
in that instance he was accompanied
by Lieut.. w. 3. Gwyn, also an avi
ator, and by relinquishing the plane
to him and leaning over the side OF
the fusilage, soon recovered.
In his fight yesterday, he was &C
companied only by Richard Barthel
mess, motion picture actor, and was
forced to stick to the control. The
strain coupled with the continued in
halation of the deadly gas, his friends
said here, undoubtedly caused his col
lapse and death.
Recently Was Examined.
Lieut. Veeder recently underwent
one of the periodical rigid physical
examinations required of naval flyers
and passed as sound. The plane the
officer flew Yesterday was not of tine
same type used when he previously
was taken i'll, but has a radical en-
gine in which the cylinders radiate
from a common center instead of the
usual double row or V type. 1t is
possible, flyers. here say that in some
manner fumes from the cylinders
may have been DETECTED into his
face, though no previous instances
of a pilot being made sick in such
a manner are known here. Lieut.
Veeder made no report of his illness,
so far as was known.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
Plan Revolving Garage.

A possible solution Of the shortage
of parking and garage accommoda-
tions Is offered in revolving garage
to be erected in the West End of Lon
don. England, says the Popular Sci.
ence Monthly The floors OF the ga
rage will be arranged as concentric
rings. each OF which will be divided
into number of one-caF @-con7part-
menss. The floor viii be revoived so
that any cornpartmert can be brought
Evening star., 1925-05-31
CONNECTICUT AVE.
TRAFFIC HEAVIEST
Most Travelled Highway in
District, According to
New Map.

The most hes viiv travelled stretch of
roadway in the District during the
afternoon rush period, from = to o
o'clock, is Connecticut avenue between
Calvert street and Cathedral avnue,
according to the traffic now map made
from the traffic counts taken q Few
weeks ago by Boy Scouts.
The map has just been completed.
q I'D will be used by Traffic Director
Eldridge and Col. l. c. Moiier, his as
sistant, in establishing boulevard stop
streets and in considering future i'm
provements in the movement of trafnc.
The map shows that between, and
| 6 o'clock 4 ,626 vehicles were counted
| on Connecticut avenue between Cal
vert street and Cathedral avenue.
Another heavy point noted was
Rhode Island avenue at Scott Circle.
where the map shows 1886 vehicles at
the hours mentioned.
on Sixteenth street the peak OF
density was found to be at Columbia
road, where 2,918 were recorded.
On Massachusetts avenue, between
| Dupont Circle and Eighteenth street
3,fZ3 vehicles were registered.
Pennsylvania avenue and Seventh
street northwest is also near the top
as dense, traffic spot in the afternoon
rush. with 1924 vehicles.
| The map makers did not have data
| for Thirt eenth street in the prepara.
| tion OF this map. but Col. Moller ex-
pressed the belief ii would show up as
one of the heavily travelled north and
south thoroUghfares.
Shows Traffic Changes.
| On each of these main arteries the
1 from the outlying sections TO the bust
| ness section in order 10 reveal the
| points at which the flow turns from
these main highways into other
streets.
For example, going out Fourteenth
| street. there were $50 machines al
Park road. and beyond that point the
! number during the rush hour dropped
| to 369
| On Georgia avenue the flow at Park
road was 1857 and further out. al
| Sherman avenue, ii increased to 2,o3l
| Pennsylvania avenue showed 294a
vehicles at the Capitol, ASA at Sew
enth street. 3.130 at Fourteenth street
which tapered down 10 1854 at Key
! bridge
! Massa chusetts avenue east OF Unior
| Station registered s24; west of the
| station at II street, 9I4 at h street
| ] ,019; at Sixteenth street. 2,034. and
! just west of Sixteenth street. 2,s66
! Beyond Twenty-first street the flow
| on massachusetts, avenue began &c
| drop.
| on Rhode Island avenue the flow
at Sixteenth street was 1856; al
North Capitol street 1t dropped tc
] .596, and in the northeast section il
was 1,2S4.
| Bladensburg road recorded 1881
cars al Fifteenth and II streets. Or
Pennsylvania avenue southeast there
were between 944 and ,357 vehicles.
The map was made for the traffic
officials by the United States Bureau
lof Public Roads.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
Industries Dying.
Wet Coal Is Costly.

Recent tests by the United States
Bureau of Mines show that the wet
ting of coal is expensive to the con-
sumner Fine sizes of both bituminous
and anthracite will hold up 20 per
cent in moisture. Coal can have a
perfectly dry appearance, yet still con-
tain as much as 10 per cent moisture,
for which the consumer pays, says the
Popular Science Monthly. A moisture
content of Il per cent is not at all
uncommon.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
MISSING PLANE FOUND.
Maryland Flyers in Guard Squad.

BALTIMORE, May 80 1P).-Lieut.
Lee o. Willinger, pilot of the Mary
land National Guard aero squadron,
and his mechanic, who disappeared
at noon today during a sealed ord
ers" flight participated in by the
squadron, were reported late tonight
to have notified guard headquarters
of their safe arrival at Salisbury,
Md, after being forced down by en-
gine trouble.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
Midget Partisan Taxis.

The streets of Paris, France. now
are swarming with miniature one
passenger taXis, compact and light and
exceedingly economical in tires gaso-
line consumption and cost of manufac-
ture. They have a wheel track of
only IS inches, says the Popular sGa.
ence Monthly.
Evening star., 1925-05-31
WEEKS is IMPROVING.
Hiccoughs Have Stopped, Says Re.
port From Hospital.

BOSTON, Mass, May 80 GP-Sec-
retary of War John w. Weeks. who
was operated on at the Massachusetts
General Hospital for gall stones last
Thursday, had "a more comfortable
day" today, according TO a bulletin
issued at o'clock tonight by his
physicians, Drs. Daniel Fiske Jones
and s. Corham Brigham. The bulletin
was as follows:
Secretary Weeks has had a mora
comfortable day. Hiccoughs have
stopped. Pulse good and temperature
normal"
Evening star., 1925-05-31
Worlds Automobile Bill.

The world spent s3,360 600, 900 for
new motor vehicles in 1924. a survey
by the United States Department of
Commerce shows. says the Popular
Science Monthly. On January l of
this year there were in operation in
al countries ls,6l5, 900 passenger cars,
As92,ooo trucks and I262, 100 motor