davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1925-07-26
BY HENRY w. BUM.
. HE following is a brief sum-
mary of the most important
news of the world for the
seven days ended July %:

mary of the most important
news of the world for the
seven days ended July %:
Great Britain.-The government has
set up a court of inquiry to investi-
gate the coal mining situation and to
| attempt to effect agreement between
the miners and the mine operators.
Until Friday the miners representa-
tives refused to confer with the
operators association or to co-ope-
rate with the court of inquiry unless
and before the operators should with
draw their denunciation of the pres
ent agreement between miners and
operators (which expires on July 3D
and their simultaneous offer of new
terms involving decrease of wages and
increase of working hours. They say
| they will not even consider the possibil-
ity of reduction of wages or increase
of working hours. Indeed. the execu-
tive body of the Miners Federation
has instructed the coal miners
throughout Britain Except the few re-
quired to keep the pits from flooding
and to care for the pit animals) to
cease work on July 81, unless prior
thereto the operators have made the
withdrawal demanded.
But on Friday the president of the
court of inquiry persuaded the miners
chiefs to abate so much of their in
transigence as to agree to meet oper-
ator's representatives on the coming
Wednesday.
The general counsel OF the trades
unions has pledged support to the
miners and as earnest thereof. has re-
resolved in favor of the repeatedly dis
credited project of "the one big
union" Ito include at least the mining,
railroad and other transport, engineer
ing and shipbuilding industries); but
this resolution is not taken very seri-
ously. There are appalling possibili-
ties in the situation.
One hundred and thirty-flve thousand
workers in the wool textile in
dustry have struck. The total of
workers insured under the unemploy-
ment insurance act in Great Britain
and Ulster is about 1880 900. OF this
total 1921 900 were unemployed on
July I. as against 1,247 900 on June 1,
1925, and 1858 900 on July i, 1924.
From the armistice of 1918 to Octo-
Der l, 1924. the cost of unemployment
insurance was approximately f193,-
000, 900. The demoralizing effect of the
'doles" being admitted and obvious,
yet 1t has to be said for that unfor-
tunate system that 1t has prevented
serious disturbances and, still better,
really tragic distress from privatio
Many minds are bent on the problem
OF '1iQuidating it," for considering its
subtle and far-reaching effects of de-
moralization, liquidated 1t must be at
the earliest practicable moment.
A grand battle has been raging be-
tween Winston Churchill, chancellor
Of the exchequer, and the admiralty,
the former. in the interest of economy,
resisting the demands of the latter,
in the interest Of naval efficiency, for
appropriations in order to replace
obsolete or obslescent cruisers and
torpedo craft, surface and submarine.
The admiralty wins; the government
Will ask the Commons to Appropriate
for the necessary requirements.
Delegates of chemical societies and
industries of Great Britain and the
United States assembled recently in
Evening star., 1925-07-26

spoons were passed around With
these we tunneled into the sayory
mess.
Roast chicken in oil followed the
kous-kous and after the chicken
came delicious dish of olives and
artfchoke hearts cooked in oil with
nuggets of mutton. For dessert the
sherif cut up some oranges with his
knife, passed the quarters about the
table and gravely rolled the remain :
ing oranges across the tiled floor TO
the second table.
We washed our hands once more
and moved our cushions back to the
wall. The slaves removed the tables
ana mopped up the debris from the
floor.
Piano as a Tomtom.
Everybody was feeling comfortable,
friendly and expansive, but there was
TO be no conversation, for the nepress
seated herself at the piano and began
to play and sing, the pretty Arab be-
slde her 1angling a tambourine. The
piano had been out Of tune and out of
tone for many years, but this did not
particularly matter, for the negress
used 1t not as piano but as a sort of
tomtom on which she drummed out
noisy and strongly rhythmed discords,
much as an ignorant child might do.
Her singing was very loud, very
strtdent and very monotonous. She
was giving us an "Andalusian ballad u
the sheriff Informed me. There were
many verses. The dreadful clamor OF
strident voice, tangling tambourine
and loudly thudding piano beaten like
a drum filled the vast room with
deafening reverberations. We inclined
on our cushions, listening patiently
and perforce, except for the solemn
caid from the South. He sat a little
apart, reading the Koran, with q
power of mental concentration which
could not but admire The first
song lasted 10 minutes and was fol
| lowed by two others, equally dis
cordant and equally long. Then the
| negress closed the piano in business
like manner and the two slave girls
went away.
| 1t was time for me. also, to depart
Everybody stood up. We bowed and
shook hands all around. The sherit
accompanied me to the balcony, one OF
his sons led the way downstairs, the
deaf and dumb son opened the thick
| nail-studded door, bowed, smiled and
closed it behind me. I was borne
! away down the steep, narrow street
| in an eddy of pack donkeys, street
urchins and pushing, shouting Moors
| Copyright, 1925. by Chicago Daily News Co }
Evening star., 1925-07-26

Continued from First Page)
fresh and strong, and that under no
conceivable circumstances could Ger
many have landed an army on
American soil, vanquish America and
dictate the terms of peace.
The French also seem unable to
see that the very arguments they
put forth In support of their conten-
ttons tend to show that 1t was
America that saved France and not
France that saved America from de.
feat. They say the dollars America
advanced were to save the allies from
defeat while America got ready to
fight. Such being the case, It must
have been American dollars that
saved France from making peace on
Germany's terms, and it is certain
that Germany's terms would have
Imposed an indemnity amounting to
great many more dollars than
France borrowed from America.
No Share Of War Booty.
Admitting, in order to make out
their own case, that II was American
dollars which made it possible for
American soldiers eventually to turn
the tide of battle and save France
from defeat, the French fail utterly to
take into account that America asked
no share of the booty which came
with the victory she had been decisive
in snatching from defeat. They take
no account of the fact that instead of
being compelled to pay a heavy in
demnity to Germany. France will COL
lect substantial sums from Germany
In the way of reparations; that she
gets back Alsace-Lorraine, and con-
siderable other German territory, and
that she finds herself today the strong
est and most prosperous state on the
continent Of Europe, instead of being
q vassal state.
But as 1t Is for readers in America,
not in France, am writing, there is
no occasion for going here into a
lengthy exposition of the American
viewpoint. That is a duty some in
high authority at home should per
form, and I think those In high
authority will be sadly remiss of their
duty II they do not perform 1t.
1 cannot imagine anything more
|. unfortunate than for the debt ques-
ton to be settled by official negotia-
tions without the French people ever
having had opportunity to know and
understand the reasons which fmpel
the American people to believe that
the debt should be paid. 1t almost
would be better not to have the Ques-
ton settled at all.
What 1 have been trying to do in
this article is to give an explanation
of the reasons why today the French
people are unwilling to pay the debt.
Consideration of the two other parts
of the problem-whether they intend
to pay, and whether they are able to
pay-will have to go over until next
week.
tCopyright. 1921
Evening star., 1925-07-26

suspicion was afforded recently in
New England, when officers saw a car,
heavily loaded, come into town by q
little-used route during a snowstorm.
Its mere travel in such weather was
suspicious, and the officers seizure of
the machine was upheld in the courts
For some reason, the fourth and
fifth amendments. while safeguarding
the citizen against search and seizure
by Federal officers, gave no such pro.
lection against State officers. 1t has,
therefore, been possible for State Of
f1cers to obtain evidence which Fed
eral officers could not legally obtain.
The Supreme Court has decided that
such evidence is admissible in a Fed
eral court, but the different courts in
sist on making their own interpreta-
tions. In some courts the judges re.
fuse to admit evidence obtained by
State officers, while in others the evi-
dence is allowed.
In the long run, the fourth and fifth
amendments are coming in mighty
handy for the modern bootlegger.
Evening star., 1925-07-26

Continued from First Page)
tically 5000 10000 Now, they have
not as yet received a penny from their
allies, while they are paying us an
nually on the sums borrowed from
US. Moreover, there is little real
chance that they will ever receive
more than a small fraction of what
they have loaned abroad. They are,
it is true, entitled to receive % per
cent of the German reparations pay
ments, but these have as yet been
slight, while payment taken in ships
proved to be a disaster to British
shipbuilding, just as German coal de-
liyeries to France, Belgium and Italy
compromised British coal exports.
Thus, to make up a little sum-
mary: The war forced the British to
liquidate very considerable portion
of their foreign investments, reducing
their national income and abolishing
the precise funds from which to meet
an unfavorable trade balance. AS a
result of the conflict America ap-
peared as a competitor in shipping,
it's new fleet actually subsidized by
the Government and thus run at a
loss. New York, and not London, be-
came the center of available capital
for world investment. Preparations at
once reduced the market for British
coal on the continent, while the recon
struction of the French devastated
area enabled France to compete with
Britain as never before.
Situation Is Grave.
Today the situation is grave in
the extreme because of the simple
fact that As, ,000, 900 people cannot con-
III AIrt1 T@Il
under existing conditions. Either
there must be an enormous migra-
ton, which is hardly conceivable; a
voluntary restriction of population,
which is in part taking place, as the
vital statistics show, or there must
be some far-reaching change in the
whole world situation, sight Of which
are not now discoverable anywhere.
The single alternative is obviously a
steady decline in the standard of liv-
ing, with social and political conse-
quences which one would hardly dare
to consider.
Not a few Englishmen have said
frankly that there Is no solution short
of a tremendous reduction in popula-
ton. Lloyd George, I think, esu-
mated the necessary shrinkage at
Ii, 600, 900 or 20,000,000. But the solu-
ton which has seemed most alluring-
namely, transfer to the colonies-is
by no means simple because of the
great cost, the unwillingness of the
British to go and the fact that the
colonies desire not an industrial but
an economic immigration, which is
exactly what Britain cannot supply.
Moreover, disquiet is already noted,
because a voluntary migration which
is taking place is removing the able
bodied and most worthwhile elements
almost exclusively.
A great deal is said and written in
British journals of the possible ad-
vantages of an imperial tariff wall,
but in practice this Is by no means
simple, for the dominions are natu-
rally eager to foster their own indus
tries, while the British people are by
no means ready to accept increased
costs in raw materials and, above all,
in food, which would be an inevitable
eoncomitant. On the other hand,
Evening star., 1925-07-26

London to celebrate the centenary of
the discovery of benzine by Michal
Faraday. Quite rightly, Faraday is
chiefly remembered by the world as
the supreme genius and pathfinder In
the field of electro-magnetism; but he
began as chemist and his chemical ex-
periments played into and led the way
to his electro magnetic discoveries.
Not the least of the titles to fame
of Sir Humphry Davy. the great
chemist. is that he at once recog-
nized the genius of the obscure self
educated young Faraday when the
latter was casually brought to his no.
tice and procured him an appointment
which made possible an ideal life of
continuous investigation.
The assertion might not be too bold
a one that Faraday was the most I'M
portant man of the last century; that
the. present face of the world owes
more to his achievements than 10
those of any other man. He discovered
the induction of electricity currents.
He was the father of this electro-mag-
netic age. Were Carlyle to resume life
on this planet, he would add a chap
ter to his hero and hero worship"
namely, THE hero as scientist" and
one Of his examples would be Fara-
day.
1t is an instance of the ineradicable
snobbishness Of mankind that in ref
erence to Faraday stress is laid on
the fact that he was the son of a
blacksmith. 1t goes against the grain,
but we snobs must reconcile ourselves
to these proletarian assertions of gen.
ius. Charles Lamb, son of a valet;
John Keats, son of a stableman:
George Meredith, son of a tailor:
President Ebert, cordwainer. Snobs
all, let us emit a final snort of dis
gust and let 1t go at that.
France.-MarshaI Petain has taken
charge in Morocco and it is said that
reinforcements have brought the
French strength up to 150, 900. Abd-el-
Krim's forces, after recent severe loss
es, appear to have been definitely
stopped. Indeed the latest reports Ito
be received with some caution) show
them in full flight. La comedie est
finie, however, when 1t is in fact finie.
1t appears to have been definitely de-
cided that French debt-funding mis-
sion, headed by NJ. Franklin -Bouillon,
shall arrive in the United States in
September, and that NJ. Caillaux shall
join II before its business is concluded.
The output of French iron, steel,
coal and coke, continues to increase.
The coke output now exceeds the pre-,
war average. 1t is even, a fact that
the output of the mines in the devas.
tated region exceeds the pre-war out
put.
$-<
Germany.-On July 81, German re.
ply to the French reply of June 16, to
the German proposals of February 8.
for a Rhine security pact etc wa c
delivered at Paris. I remarked of NJ.
Brands note OF June 16 that it was
ingeniously framed to draw out" the
Germans and that 1t evidently contem-
plated a long correspondence and ne
gotiations. NJ. Stresemann refuses TO
be drawn out. His reply is an exceed.
ingly able and adroit document 1t is
incredible, the amount of balderdash
that has already been written about
$50 courteous" "a distinct step for
ward etc. AS matter of fact 1t does
not yield one jot on any essential
point; au contraire, it contemplates
nothing less than suppression of some
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Continued from First Page)

Continued from First Page)
the arrest, search or seizure, without
any regard to their results. That
the search discloses Contrabrand prop
erty or a violation of the law is
irrelevant. The search or seizure first
must be based on facts, and not
suspicion.
Every twenty-four hours or so
brings a new decision relating to some
evasion of the prohibition laws.
Great, heavy text books, a thousand
or so pages thick, are now being
compiled of the decisions of State and
Federal courts throughout the land.
From them are evolving certain prin-
ciples relating to new phases of pro-
hibition enforcement. What adds to
their number, what congests the
courts, Is the fact that each case has
its own merits. and must be consid-
cred separately. Every bootlegger
caught breaking the law may call
upon his rights as a citizen under the
Constitution.
If man is protected from search
and seizure of his person, he is like
wise protected from invasion of his
home, and the prohibition enforce
ment act declares that no search war
rant shall issue to search any
private dwellings occupied as such
unless 1t is being used for the unlaw-
full sale of intoxicating liquor, or
unless 1t Is in part used for some
business purpose. A Federal judge
tends to a garage.
Citizen Fully Protected
The law-abiding citizen is fully pro-
tected by the fourth and fifth amend
ments. but in this case they seem
especially designed for the bootlegger.
For it is a difficult task to secure
evidence legally upon which to base
q search warrant. And no matter
what the search discloses, if the war
rant is based upon erroneous facts,
the results OF the search are useless.
For instance, two prohibition agents
are watching the house of a prosper
Gus bootlegger. They find that he
keeps his liquor in a garage, or
strongly suspect it. They go to a
United States commissioner and make
sfidavits to the effect that in passing
the garage a strong and delicious
odor of rye whisky emanated there
from. Upon this they secure a search
warrant. The search discloses row
I,pon row of whisky in cases, beauti-
fully labeled, beautifully sealed. They
seize the liquor. But in court the
Judge asks how the officers, with all
due respect to their keenness of scent,
could smell liquor in sealed bottles.
They are unable to explain this
phenomenon to the satisfaction of the
Judge, who declares the warrants
we're sworn out on suspicion only and
the case is dismissed and the liquor
returned.
At the same time, each case presents
its peculiar aspects. Prohibition Off
GERS for instance obtained search
warrant on the strength of their haV-
Evening star., 1925-07-26

despite the results of the tariff cleo
ton Of two years ago, it Is unmis-
taxable that Britain Is steadily NOV
ing away from its old stand as a free
trade country and toward protection,
and the pace may be accelerated as
German competition grows.
Terrific taxation and enormous
death duties are already effecting a
revolution in England. Vast estates
are being broken up; a whole social
life, one of the most charming and
decorative in the world, is disappear
ing. But it Is hardly to be denied
that this terrible taxation is proving
a grave handicap to industry, and II
is problematical whether it can be
permanently borne if some -unfore-
seen change does not improve funda-
mental conditions.
No other country in Europe faces
anything like the British situation, be.
cause none is so overpopulated. France
has 5000, 900 fewer people on an area
more than twice as great as England,
Scotland and Wales combined Ger
many, with a larger population, has
Systematically sustained its agricul-
ture and is to a considerable degree
self-supporting. while its vorkmen.
accustomed to a lower standard Of
living, are able to produce at smaller
costs, the German coal miner, for ex-
ample, receiving hardly half as much
as the British for a longer working
day. Moreover, save for the repara-
| tions payments, which remain prob
lematical, the German repudiated his
war debt, while the great industrialists
took advantage of the imitation time
to modernize their great plants, and
thus are able to produce more eff
! ciently at far less coss than the
British.
Dangers Appreciated.
should be giving very inaccurate
account of the present situation IL /
did not note that appreciation of the
dangers, which is very general in Eng
land, has had one unmistakable con-
sequence. BritonS are fighting now to
overcome the present obstacles with
the spirit and determination which
has characterized the race in all great
, crises of history. But you cannot be
in England, read the British press,
study the statistics Of British trade
and unemployment and not perceive
that it is life-and-death struggle and
that up to date the war has been more
costly for Britain than for any other
belligerent. even Russia, for the foun-
dations of Russian life have not been
shaken-as, indeed, the foundations of
an agricultural country cannot be
shaken.
And 1t is one of the ironies of fate
that the United States should be, on
the whole, the nation which has prof
tied most at British expense, albeit
through no design or planning. New
ertheless, there is the fact. and 1t
ought to be taken into consideration in
estimating occasional ill-natured COM
ment coming from the other side. 1t
Is our shipping which so far has hurt
British most; our immigration laws,
which shut out surplus British popu-
lation; our tariff laws, which prevent
the British from paying their debts to
us in the goods which their idle fac
tories and workmen could manufAc-
ture. And the last detail, but perhaps
not the least, 1t is our fleet, which is
the first In several centuries to sue
cessfully claim equality with theirs.
kconyrixat. 1925.l
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Constitution Is Found to Bar
Work of Prohibition Agents

ing seen, on several occasions, trucks
unloading cases at a garage at an
early hour in the morning. Men We're
seen taking the cases into the garage
and later the trucks went away empty.
| Liquor was found after search, and
| the judge decided that the agents hav-
ing repeatedly seen the trucks unload
ing cases constituted probable cause
| which warranted a search.
Other Case Dismissed.
In another case agents declared
they saw a truck loaded with cases
suspected of containing liquor back
into a garage and go away empty.
They obtained a search warrant, and
two days later found the garage filed
with liquor. In this case the Judge
declared that their having seen the
truck enter the garage did not consti-
tute probable cause, but was only sus-
picion on their part that the truck con-
tained liquor. The case was dismissed
and the liquor returned.
In other words, the Federal courts
hold to the very strict rule that affi-
davitS in support of search warrants
must show facts, and not opinions and
beliefs which indicate the existence of
illegality. State courts, however, are
lIlCllIlSQ 10 Dc more lenlenI.
While judges throughout the coun-
try are interpreting the various cases
as they see fit, and there yet exists
no general policy on the return of
liquor Illegally seized, the United
States Supreme Court has placed itself
on record to the effect that such evil
dence should be returned. In the case
of Amos VS.. United States, revenue Of
ficers made unwarranted search of the
defendants premises and seized some
| whisky. The defendant petitioned for
the return of his property. The
United States Supreme Court, without
discussing the question of the disposi-
ton of the liquor, merely said that the
petition should have been granted. So
1.-THE Federal courts generally have held
that in the case of illegal seizure liquor
must be returned to the owner without
regard to whether 1t may be contra
band or whether he holds it legally or
illegally.
Auto Is Great Danger.
The automobile gets the bootlegger
into his greatest trouble, for the
courts have agreed, generally, that If
officers cannot stop and search auto
mobiles suspected of carrying liquor
the law would be nugatory. While the
courts are agreed that automobiles
cannot be searched without cause,
they are nevertheless apt to seize on
elements of suspicion as justifying
search, and then holding that the find
ing of liquor may be in itself a suf-
ficient justification for the search. The
courts argue that If Congress did not
mean that automobiles could be
searched without a search warrant,
automobiles would have been included
with dwellings in section 25 of the
prohibition act. What might be con
sidered typical case Of search on
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Still Unexplained.
From the Detroit News.

From the DetroIt NEWS.
The telephone company,s famous
slogan, THE voice with the smile
wins doesn't explain how Charlie
Dawes achieved his present eminence.
Evening star., 1925-07-26
STIRS UP TROUBLE.
Soviet Unlikely to Succeed i'm Plots,
However.
BY HAMILTON FISH ARMSTRONG,

The foreign policy of the Soviet
government, which as we often have
seen is something quite independent
of the social policy of the Third In
ternational, has concentrated recently
ON increasing the internal difficulties
of the States which fringe its borders,
in the vague hope that something of
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Britain Facing Collapse
With No Relief Apparent

Continued from First Page.)
Evening star., 1925-07-26
Why French Think
War Debt Invalid

Continued from First Page.)