davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18
By Martin Abern

and politically. Hence these lines.
Meanwhile, we must take up the inn
mediate steps toward reorganization.
In America we have no shop nuclei
experiences of the party; the Young
Workers League has had some, but
the organizational problem is so much
different that the leagues experiences
in the initial stages cannot help the
party very much except in an inspira-
tional way. The party must build its
own road. That means to try organiz-
alton in the most favorable places.
The party is laying out program for
that purpose. The various activities
Of shop nucleus, such as shop COM
mittee work, union activity, literature,
finance, and many more matters must
be dealt with in detail. However, it
will be trying to ORGANIZE SHOP
NUCLEI, no matter how difficult, that
will give us clear picture and under
standing, instead of mere formula,
Of the undoubted superiority of the
shop nuclei over the present territor-
ial branch. Then, as in every other
country, the membership will enthus-
iastically respond to the work of
making the WORKERS PARTY A
PARTY OF SHOP NUCLEI!
Forward to shop nuclei!
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18

this is the picture furnished by the
Red He'll"
The prison group of the Georgian
menshevih writes to Wassiliev, mem
Der of the central bureau of the men
sheviki:
Regarding the general regime we
can only repeat that nobody can con-
slider it crying evil. If in reply to
our hunger-strike there would be ad-
mitted, to investigate the conditions,
an anti-soviet minded commission.
even including European socialists,
they would only be able to report
that the Soviet system and its Justice
are not the pleasantest institutions,
but that there is nothing to complain
about regarding the prison regime in
Susdal"
In Susdal therefore the prison re-
gime is quite satisfactory. In Solo
vetzk it is still better and therefore,
prisoners at the former wish to OBJ
tain the Solovetzk regime.
We could publish hundreds of ono
tations from, or facsimilies of such
letters.
There are therefore only five hun
dred prisoners in the Soviet Union.
These are given humane treatment, as
the prison regulations in the Soviet
Union are Of remarkably mild char
acter. The prisoners themselves re-
cognize that even the sworn enemies
Of the Soviet power would have to
admit them to be thoroly satisfactory.
And the mensheviki and the social
counter-revolutionaries in emigration,
who during the civil war have rivalled
the bands Of Kolchak and Denekin in
acts of. bestial cruelty, work up a
spurious Indignation over this regime.
And the heroes of the Second Interna-
tional, who prosecute revolutionary
workers, Issue appeals, pass resolu-
tons of protest and relate lying
stories to the workers as to the RED
He'll"
A gang Of hypocrites and calumnia-
tors against the Soviet Union. The
workers must spurn these lies and
calumnies with loathing and disgust.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18

Shop Branch Must Get Accurate
knowledge Of Working Conditions
The nuclei members must collect
data on every matter connected with
the work in the shop. All information
should be collected for use in their
propaganda. Detailed knowledge
must be got of the local industrial
conditions. The shop branch and the
nuclei can lay out work for the indi-
Yidual members in the shop or ter
ritory, such as distributing literature,
visiting prospective members, trade
union work, etc. The more real know
ledge of facts and how to use them,
the more productive the work. Mem
bers should write up notes of their
experiences for the benefit of the
others. Wall bulletins can serve to
this end.
Forward to Shop Nuclei
These few lines indicate but the
outlines of the work, both in the per-
iod of transition to shop nuclei and
the time when the ideal form, the
shop nuclei branch, is developed. It
is going to take a long time before
the shop nuclei branch becomes com
monty prevalent in the Workers Party
of America. But we must know what
we are aiming for, organizationally
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18
HERLOCK SHOLMES
(continued from PAGE %

mania was not with us. 1t was pitch
dark. We felt at the walls and could
find no lights. Both the walls and the
floors had that same soft yielding
softness. Suddenly the room was
flooded with light-we were in a pad
ded cell.
The little window that gave it the
appearance Of bank, was opened and
two faces peered in.
Here they are DOCTOR" said the
ambassador from Roumania and al
legged red, ''the one with the kinder
garten tie thinks he is a detective and
the other one seems just plain ordi-
nary dumb"
At this point I tainted. But as I
fell over could hear him saying, See
! told you So" It was the ambassador
talking not Herlock ShoImes, the
great New York detective.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18
BY LUDWIG MAGYAR.

The delegation of menshevik and
social-counter-revolutionary emigres
have recently instituted a great cam
paign against the Soviet Union. They
wish to arouse the public opinion of
the working class and of the bour-
geoisie against the Soviet power and,
as pretext, they make use of the al
legged heart-rending, terrible fate of po-
litical prisoners in the Soviet Union.
They are supplying the parties Of the
Second International with propagan.
da material on this question and
these cronies of the Russian menshe-
Wiki are, in the French chamber Of de-
puties and in the columns of the
''VorWarts" and the Vienna "Arbeiter-
zeitung" shedding crocodile's tears
over the martyred, tortured Russian
socialists, who-alas! languish-
ing in the terrible dungeons of the
Tcheka, and are being shot several
times every day. The social-counteH-
revolutionary Suchomlinov is poster
ing comrades Anatole France and Sc
verin with tedious letters of COM
plant, while the London and Amster-
dam Internationals issue appeals and
protests. The anti-Soviet campaign is
in full swing. Let US examine the facts
a little more closely.
How many political prisoners are
there in the Soviet Union? We will
not make comparisons. We will not
point out how many revolutionary
workers and peasants the Bulgarian
social democrats, as members Of the
murderous zankoff government, have
caused to be slaughtered. We will
not ask why the social democrats in
the Bavarian diet voted against an
amnesty for the Niederschonenfeld
prisoners. We do not ask how it
comes about that, with the consent of
social democracy, over 1000 Commu-
nists are eating their hearts out in
the prisons of Germany. We do not
doh nOW many AuuAdu TeNOluLlOudFlcS
are expiating their revolutionary
deeds in the prisons Of the labor gov
eminent of Ramsay Macdonald. We
viii not call attention to how many
Communists have been arrested
and murdered with the consent Of the
Polish socialist party. We also leave
aside the question as to how the So
cial democrats in Finland, Lettland,
Esthonia, Hungary and Yugoslavia
have acted. We would only state that
in the Soviet Union-which embraces
one-sixth OF the earth and which has
population Of $50 millions-there
are only five hundred political prison
ers. Mensheviki, social-counter-
anarchists, monarch
lists, fascists are doing their utmost
to set up illegal organizations In the
Soviet Union. And In spite Of every
thing there are only-let us repeat It
five hundred political prisoners.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-10-18

The relation Of the shop nucleus to
the territorial branch was taken up
in previous article. The relation be-
tween the shop nucleus and the shop
nuclei branch is herein briefly touch
ed. This second form is a good deal
different and works much more simply
and effectively.
The shop nuclei branch is one made
up of the shop nuclei existing within
a given territory. Naturally, then,
both in the shop nucleus and the shop
nuclei branch, the members have full
powers on all matters.
The branch executive committee of
a shop nuclei branch is composed of
members elected from the various
shop nuclei or at a general shop nu-
clei branch membership meeting
Sometimes in shop nuclei branch,
there will be members not yet attach
ed to a particular shop nucleus. The
branch, in such instanches, takes care
that there are members on the branch
executive committee from every shop
nucleus in the branch.
If the shop nucleus members were
all attached to a definite shop nucleus
then, of course, only workshop mem
bers would be on the shop nucleus
branch committee. But there will
naturally be party and other work
ers, very active comrades, etc. not
belonging to a particular shop nu-
cleus. They are likely to be wanted
and elected on committees. And it is
correct that these live-wire comrades
shall be placed at the disposal of the
shop nuclei. To make certain, how
ever, that members Of the shop nu-
cleus proper, that is, those who act
ually work in the shop, are on the
main committees, there is the provi-
sion that every shop nucleus shall
have it's delegate on the shop nuclei
branch committee.
Shop Nuclei Branch supervives Work
of Nuclei
It is the duty Of the shop nuclei
branch to lay out and direct the work
in the branch and in the various shop
nuclei.
The branch or its committee takes
up mainly the ways of developing the
work OF the nuclei The activity of
shop branch is but the activity of
shop nucleus enlarged and continued.
It's work is not different from that of
nucleus. Rather, gathering the ex-
periences of the various nuclei, it
makes use Of such information to help
concretely the work Of each Of the
nuclei.
The work of the shop nuclei branch
is both general and specific. It is
general in the work laid out for the
party shop nuclei branch in a certain
locality, unions, etc. 1t is specific
in the work planned out for each
nucleus and, if possible, it's members.
The branch committee assigns it's
members to meet with the shop nu-
cleus, to participate actively in the
shop nucleus work. This aids in Co
ordinating the work of the nucleus
and the branch and developing the
activity of the individual members.
The shop branch, or its committee,
takes up the general political, educa-
tional, economic, trade union and
other work IN the branch and nuclei.
It arraRges for public propaganda
and educational meetings in order to
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
TO REPURCHASE LAND
Site OF Camp at Del Rio to BE Re-
turned 10 Moore Estate.

A tract OF land comprising about
400 acres near Del Rio, Tex, and
purchased for the War Department
by the citizens of Del Rio as a site
for Camp Robert Elmichie during the
World War. will be returned to Mrs.
G.. Bedell Moore of San Antonio, for
a consideration of $1,000, under bill
introduced in Congress Monday by
Representative Hudspeth. =
This camp site was was bought in
1917 by the citizens OF Del Rio, act
ing through the Chamber of Com
merce of that city, for considera-
ton of $4,000 and was used by the
War Department for training cav
airy regiment.
The tract was named Camp Rob
ert Elmichie and existed until last
year, when it was abandoned by the
War Department and the buildings
sold.
The money to buy the land was
raised by the citizens in order to
bring the camp nearer Del Rio. The
bill authorizing the repurchase of the
land by the Moore estate STIMULATES
that the consideration Of $4,000 paid
for the land shall be returned to the
individual citizens contributing to its
purchase for the War Department.
The Moore estate made the move TO
repurchase the land according to J.
III. Savage, who is managing the es-
state. He declared that the estate
was exercising an option incorpor-
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
55c Sheeting 4Sc

Full bleached or unbleached sheet
ing; heavy, soft finished. 9I4
width.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
A TEQUILA HOUND
Rum Hunters on the Border Have a
Bull Pup Mascot.

"Tequila," a four-months-old bull
pup, is the recently acquired mascot
of the customs officers stationed at
Hebbronville, according to Assistant
Collector of Customs Ed Cotulla.
When the officers are preparing 10
make raid or go out on the road to
stop liquor caravans. the pup is the
first TO leap in the automobile. Wher-
ever there is excitement the pup is
right there.
The pup was entrusted TO the keep
ing of The customs officers by w V.
Boyd, of Ell Campo, according to a
story. in the Hebbronville Times. Mr..
Boyd said that he would not sell the
pup for any price, but the customs
officers hold that possession is nine
points of the law especially when there
is friendly but fearless bull pup in
Yolyed.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12

ated in the deed 10 the War Depart
ment in repurchasing the land.
The purpose of the repurchase is TO
add the land to other parts of the
Moore estate near Del Rio. The land
belonging to the Moore estate and
upon which Camp Elmichie was situ-
ated was a part of Springs Pasture.
surrounding the San Felipe Coli
Club.
The bill providing for the return Of
the land was drawn by officials of the
War Department and is laid before
Congress with the specific approval
of Secretary Weeks.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
CAN WASH EVERYTHING
Compilations Only Thing in Easter
Styles That Can't BE Put in Tub.

Chicago, ILL.,, March 1e.-Everything
in the Easter parade will go into the
wash tub except the complexion. dele
gates TO the Fashion Art League of
America. in session here, announced
today. The perfectly gowned woman
must have a complexion to match
every gown, according to this years
style decree. To make the answer
harder. dame fashion rules that the
acceptable colors for 1924 are black
and white.
Tub silk frocks. brilliant plaids and
stripes and checks, will be in great de-
mand. There will be no plaid silk pet
ticoats. however. In fact. delegates say.
there will be no petticoats of any
ind.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
Robbery Suspect Tells Name.
Kansas City, Mo-, March 12.-

Harrison. held in the Kansas City,
Kan. Jail in connection with the
$1170 holdup recently of the Roanoke
state bank, admitted yesterday 10 /. b.
Walston, chief of Kansas City, No.,
detectives, that his name is Earl Z.
Brawdy. He denied, however, that he
is the man of that name who escaped
from the Oklahoma penitentiary about
nine months ago.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12

T<HERE is certain unexplain.
able feeling that goes with
hale and hearty old age-it is
a feeling Of happiness, Of care I'm.
known, of reborn youth.
But rheumatism - that deadly
malady which has caused so many
to surrender to the woes Of pain
and suffering-caused so many to
forego the pleasures Of life -
caused so many to be dependent.
Why suffer from it?
To be helped about-crutches,
canes and willing hands always
needed to assist you here and help
you there. rheumatism will van
'ish the same as skin disorders
the same as sallow complexion
the same as that rundown condi-
NcA tion when S. S. S. is
& used. S. S. S. builds
AA red blood cells by the
NIHN score. Your nerve
~ mower Is strengthened.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12

brother in Detroit. He arranged for
her release and she was shipped 10
New York. There was room for no
more Italians this fiscal year, how
ever, and Maria, fearful, is waiting
to be sent away. She has brother
in Cuba and will go there until the
laws permit her once more to enter
America to stay.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
Indian Head &c

The well known soft finished, fully
shrunk Indian Head for scarfs, table
covers, butchers aprons, etc. Sc
inches wide.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12

When rich, red, healthy blood
courses through your veins, there
Is no such thing as inflammation
or neuralgia Of the muscles and
joints. S. S. S. is what you need
to retain that old time vim and vi
gor and vitality, when you turn
down the final stretch of life.
Mr.. NJ. A. Farmer, Elyria, Ohio,
writes:
rs. S. S. reliecei me of rheumatism
and nervousness. 1t is the best n'edi-
cine for building up the blood"
S. S. S. is made of carefully Sc.
lected and scientifically prepared
and proportioned herbs and barks.
Only pure vegetable ingredients
are used. Stronger healthier
bodies-bodies able to withstand
the onslaughts of diseases are the
results Of S. S. S. All leading drug
stores carry s. S. S. The large
size is the more economical.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
Percales 19c

Dress and shirting percales, in
new spring patterns. Light and dark
colors. SO inches wide.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
'Voiles 27c

A soft finished, medium weight
rice wolfe in plain spring shades. For
street and evening wear. So inches
wide.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12
Materials For
Spring Sewing
Ratine Cloth 45c

Latest spring ratines for making
smart dresses. In leading solid col
ors. Sc inches wide.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-03-12

All cleaning 20 per cent cheaper at
Frohock's Chemical Cleaner and Dyer
Phone Travis 6565.-(Adv.)
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12
BoLETIN HIsToRIco DE. P. R.
BIBLIOCRAFIA

Tenemos sobre ,el pupitre el cua-
derno 5, del tomo XI, de esta intere
sante publication, correspondence al
bimestre septiembre Y octubre del
presente aiio. Entire sus m1ltiples
trabajos trae un Apendice al Estudio
soLre el origen etnol6gico del cam
pesino de Puerto Rico cruzamiento
de las razas blanca, india v negra.
Investigation que tiene mucha me.
dula, pues analiza escrupulosamente
les tres 1ltimos Censos de Almas de
Puerto Rico-el de 1899, el de 1910
ell de 1920. Por ellos Sc We. mate
rlaticamente, que la razd neqra esta
llamada desaparecer de esta anti
LA con el transcurso del tempo. En-
1899 habia en- la Isla $1,000 negros
rasados diez amos baj6 ell compute
en- 1910 50,245 negros. Y pasados
ctros diez amos descendieron 1926.
De modo que a pesar de la importa-
cion de negros de las islas Barlo-
vento la cifra total va en- descenso.
Aconsejamos la lectura de tan i'm
rortante estudio por sus detalles Y
apreciaciones.
Tambien trae este cuaderno una
Conferencia del DR.. Coll Toste So
bre ell ataque de los ingleses a esta
Isla en- 1898, con mucha rectifcacion
En- la Seccion de Puertorriquenos
IIustres nos da la biografia del Lcdo.
Jose Severe Quinones, presidente que
fue de nuestro Tribunal Supreme.
Una carta de Don Eugenio Maria
de Hostos. La fundaci6n de Maya
guez. Una real cedula de Felipe II
ducto de San Juan. Otra de 1868
suspendiendo los trabajos. I'm ban
do del gobernador Bahamonde en-
1869 prohibiendo emigrar. Una carta
del Secretario de la Camara La par
tida de bautismo de Tavarez. El
Giscurso de Prim en- 1848 en- la aper-
ttra de la Real Academia. La fun
daci6n de catedras de Medicina en
1920. Y otros documentos. Todos in
teresantisimos.
Damos gracias al Doctor por el
obsequio de un ejemplar del referido
cuaderno. Ell Boletin Hiss5rieo de
Puerto Rico es una obra que no de-
be faltar en- la biblioteca de ninguna
persona que Sc tenga por ilutrada
en- este pals.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12

Nuevamente Ell Tres Banderas Sc ha
propuesGo proporcionarle a su antigua
clientela las mejores producc1ones cine.
Iuatograficas que sc importan en- Puer-
20 Rico. AL efecto ha contratado el es-
treno on San Juan de todas las pslicu-
las del Circrito Teatral de Puerto Rice.
pudiondo por 10 tanto exhibir de ahora
"a adelaute Ia crema del material que
'e produce en- Estados Unidos. ALI po-
Ira ei pliblico' ir a yer semanalmente
las hermosas creaciones do First Ma.
sional, Metro, Goldwyn Selzenickque
4. estar interpretadas por las estrellas
mas conocidas de la Pantalla, Norma
Talmaase. Constance Talmadge, Gro
way Tcarle, Elena Hammertein Claire
Windscc, Ramon Navarro, Alice Terry
Lon CLANCY. Jackie Coogan, Norman
Kerry, Holbook Blinn, Viola Dana. etc.
La pr1mera grandiosa pelicula con qna
entrara Ell Tres Banderas al Combatc
80 titula "LO AJENo" que cbtuvo n
ruidoso exito en- Ell Parque
Esta pelicula la estrero.i :, ~ -
6anderas Ell dominoo rs :, ce4~ .,,,4
premiando asi loa c~r----o~ ; -.
oresq del Tres Banderos o-c Sc ha pro.
puesto cxhibir ell mesor mat rial en- al.
cho teatro.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12


mo Cuerpo haciendole tres disparos
con una Pistola Calibre 25.
La Association de Padres Maestros
de la Escuela Lafayette de esta ciu-
dad presidida por el Sr. Navedo, OBJ
sequio en- la tarde de aver con una
exquisite fiesta al Sr. Pedro P. Aran,
inspector de escuelas qruen ha sido
ascendida Inspector General por ell
Departamento de instruction.
A la simpatica Y bien organizada
fiesta asisti6 10 mas escogido de esta
buena socirdad, quedando demostrado
que La digna Asociacion de Padres Y
Maestros correspondence la escue-
la Lafayette esta integrada por un
cuerpo selecto de damas caballeros
benefactores todos de los problamas
escolares veladores del meior bien-
estar de los nifios cue estudian
Varios nilmeros musicales constitu-
yeron las deicias de los concurrentes,
siguiendole luego los discursos del AL
calde Sr Afieses, Lcdo. Juan Bta.
Garcia Mendez Manolo Garcia
Mendez los cuales culminaron en- fra
ses de honda pena por ell traslado del
Sr. Aran, va que, dicho funcionario >
habfa hecho tantas cosas buenas por
ell cuerpo de maestros .estudianses
de Aguadilla.
FL intehgente professor Sr. Ben 80
Cerczo Y su sehorita her1nana. tam
bien profesora, leyeron una poesia y
discurso de despedida, respectivamen-
te, siendo ambos muy aplaudidos por
los oyentes.
La concurTencia fue obsequiada con
ricos helados y fnos dulces. El Sr.
Artn prOnunci6 I'M bonito discurso
dando gracias la Asociaci6n pro-
mettendo al pueblo de Aguadilla su
ayuda decidida siempre en- todos los
asuntoS que Sc relacionen con ell ma
gisterio y las escuelas. Terminose ell
acto al compass de la dulce Borinquena
ejecutada por Ell sr. Lopez en- su ma
gico violin.
Nnestra feicitaci6n la Directiva
de La Association de Padres Maestros
de la Escuela Lafayette por La per-
fecta organization del hermoso festi-
val.
En- la Barriada obrera en- uno de
los recesos de los ejercicios de la
Guardia Nacional, ell soldado Fer
nando Grajales disparo tres tiros de
pistola calibre 25 contra ell soldado
Santiago Duc6s.. El herido fue tras-
ladado a la Clinica del DR.. Jimenez
Y las autoridades investigan ell case.
Oscar VALE.
Corresponsal.
Noviembra IN
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12

Bajo los antiques metodos,
4o personals de cada so sufrian
padecirnientos provocados por
Ia pellcula. Por este la cien-
cia dental busco elementos
destructores de esa capa
sucia. Finalmente Sc descu-
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12
DE TEATRo
Noviembre 10

III Trs7 Banderas estrenara en- San
Juan las grandiosas producciones ci-
nematograficas del "Curclito Tea
+ral .!e Prerto Rico
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12
DE FoRTALEzA

FL '4obernador ha aprobado el no.
bralnlento hecho favor del sefao~ Pa.
hlo Bersa, Juez de la Corte d. Distri,. ,
de G1ayama en- In case civil 1taoietq
&c Hrinacao, para que act''e co,.lo Jnsz
de Ia corte de Distrito dc Gsaya-la e.
IN case civil pendiente ant, csta n.
TINA Certe en- ell Que el Tre7 o~on.eta-
rio eBta ircapacitado para actuar.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12
HO TELES-
ALC,AZAR

Luna B8. Frente al Munieipte
uevo Hotel. Modernamente eQuipado.
'ina criolla Habitaciones fressas
Buen trato.
~4rfoe 'e sItnsSi6n. Sc a6EtisR
abonados.
FRANCISCO RIVERA
e 1919. Apartado 1509-Propietaxfe
San Juan. p. r..
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-11-12
CENTRAL

Edificio construido expresamente pss.
Hotel Modernamguts equipxdo, cor
Ascensui, Hab.raclones con bano. Tee
ono. Timbres, Barberla y cuanro ~
Iuiere al Moderno Comfort.
ian Europu,. American Plan
BESIDE $I.O0 4 2.5U Oesde $3.50 . 3.6t
restaurant liz CartR. CubierJo x1.W
SAN JOSE No. IL