davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Looking Over Our Courts

A japanese commission is in the
country to study our system of trial
by jury. 1t appears that Japan has
had nothing in court practice re-
sembling the jury trial, and steps are
being taken toward instittting the
system there. Advisedly, the COM
mission will make an exhaustive
study of the subject all over the
world in order that some of the evils
which attend the practice of the sys-
tenn may be avoided Theoretically,
the jury system is ideal, but we have
found at times it does not work so
we'll in practice. This may not be
the fault of the system so much as Of
the jurors.
Certainly there is no demand in
this country for abolishing the jury
system. but there is that the quality
of jurors be improved. We have gone
to the uttermost extreme in provid-
ing. especially in murder trials, for
the interests of the accused in select
ing jurors and giving no considera-
tion to the interests of society as rep
resented in the prosecution. If Japan
can work out system of jury tria S
which eliminates the weaknesses as
we have experienced them. yet pre-
serves the principle, we may learn
something from them in the way OF
benefit to us.-Pttsburgh Gazette
Times.
Evening star., 1924-09-29

and all other measures of prepara-
ton for national protection against
aggressive enemies. This raises an in
teresting question. Why should not
Mrs. La Toilette debate with Mrs.
Shaver, wife Of the Democratic ma
tional chairman, who recently caused
a considerable stir by writing a letter
condemning the attitude Of Gov.
Bryan Of Nebraska on the Defense
day proposition? Mrs. Shaver's letter
wGs written, it would seem, without
the knowledge and consent of her hus-
band, Mr.. Davis campaign manager,
and therefore Gov. Bryan's campaign
manager.
Such an encounter would be ex.
tremely interesting. Nothing is known
as to Mrs. Shaver's powers of speech.
Those of Mrs. La Toilette are now
amply attested. Perhaps Mrs. Shaver
is better as a letter writer than as a
speechmaker. Certainly she caused a
sensation with one epistle, and she
ought to be able to take care OF her
self in a joint debate. The suggestion
is offered in the interest Of enlivening
the campaign.
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Admission to Moscow.

An Associate Press dispatch says:
"Visitors to Moscow will hereafter be
obliged to pay from $50 to $3.50 for
the privilege. The money will go
toward building homes for the work.
ing people. 1t is not yet clear whether
the new regulations will apply to
Americans and other foreigners visit
ing Russia
Americans will receive this i'm
portant message with calm. If the
Soviet government should make the
charge $3.50. ON $50. or two bits for
an eyelid. Not many Americans are
inclined to spend money that way.
Moscow may be a very interesting
city. In any firSt-claSS encyclopedia
a man can read that it is quite an
old town and that a number of prom
inent persons have lived there and
some have been asassinated in the
same place. All that is necessary
to be known about Moscow and
Leningrad, formerly Petrograd, orig
inally St. Petersburg. can be learned
without paying an admission fee. Not
many Of our people would plan trips
to Moscow, even if the Soviet bosses
should send them engraved passes to
the town. Our Sunday trips to Fred
erick, Hagerstown, Harpers Ferry,
Leonardtown, Benedict, Occoquan,
Fredericksburg and IIeesburg are per,
fectly satisfactory. Nobody in Wash
ington is getting a sore throat from
shouting ION to Moscow
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Civic Association L--eeting.

There will be useful discussion Of
plans for the benefit Of Washington
at the sessions' IF the American Civic
Association which will begin it's
annual meeting IN this city October g.
The American Institute of Park
Executives and the American Park
Society will meet jointly with the
American Civic Association. In the
membership of these associations one
finds the names of many persons who
have been prominent advocates Of
MAKING Washington the greatest
Capital. The creation of the Capital
Park Commission by Congress was
due in part to the influence and in
terest Of the American Civic Associa-
lion, and it is the Capital Park Com
mission which will aid greatly toward
extending the park area Of Washing
ton and preserving for park uses de-
sirable tracts Of land in Maryland and
Virginia adjacent to Washington.
A number Of important things are
in prospect. There is sentiment for
acquisition by the public Of lands
along the Potomac River between
Key Bridge and Great Fails, as it is
- GlnnE this scenic section is ma
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Coming to Grips in New York.

This week will witness the opening
Of fight between the Democrats and
Republicans in New York over the
national and State tickets. New York
prefers short campaign, but a lively
one, and there is every indication of
the impending campaign over the
presidency and governorship being
lively enough to suit the most exact
ing. Col. Roosevelt, the Republican
candidate for governor, is to be mott
fled of his nomination next Wednes-
day night at his home at Sycamore
he is expected to outline the issues
upon which he will make his cam
Iaign.
Next Thursday night the Demo
Gratis will fire their opening gun at a
monster gathering in Madison Square
Garden, which will be addressed by
John w. Davis, the presidential can
didate. and Gov. Alfred +. Smith,
gubernatorial candidate. October Is
Secretary of State Hughes will lead
tional and State issues.
1t is understood to be the strategy
Of the Democrats to make their main
issue in the State campaign a COM
parisOn between the record OF Gov.
Smith in his two terms as executive
of the State of New York with what
they will assert is the ineXperience in
State affairs, and national affairs as
we'll, of the Republican candidate
They also threaten to seek to hold
Col Roosevelt in some measure re-
sponsible for the oil land leases. The
Democrats contend that they will
make showing on Gov. Smiths rec
ord in office which by contrast will
put Col. Roosevelt at a serious disad-
vantage.
1t is evident from the disclosure of
the Democratic proposed line of
strategy that the colonel will be put
upon his mettle to convince the voters
of New York that they are warranted
in making a change in the office of
governor. Politicians realize that il is
quite within the range of possibii-
ties that New York may go for Cool
idge for the presidency and at the
same time retain the present e1ecu-
tive at the head Of the State.
Evening star., 1924-09-29

QuerorS. While unquestionably a
pure Spaniard is classed as a white
man" and an Asiatic or Malaysian is
not a white man." at what degree
of intermixture does the descendant
cease to be within the limitation Of
our law admitting only white men
and AfricanS?"
A white man" is one belonging to
the Aryan race, according to early
authorities; ethnologists now point
out that the Aryans were not one
race but that the term referred to
all peoples of prehistoric times who
spoke a similar language.
+ I: X
If now the court decides that a
Filipino is not eligible to citizenship
in the United States, some interesting
questions will arise for the State De-
partment to handle. Is Filipino an
alien? To what nationality must he
be credited in managing passports
and in deciding as to immigration
quotas? He remains a citizen of
the Philippine Islands, but they do
not constitute a nation. The i'm
m mediate question has nothing to do.
directly with immigration. for it ap-
plies only to naturalization, but out
of decision what new complications
will develop?
The good favor in which the Fill
pinos are held by the public was
manifested by the hearty applause of
the thousands of spectators of the
Defense day parade as the contingent
of dark k-skinned, alert soldiers
marched by. and by that march
pledged patriotic support Of this Gov
ernment in case Of war.
Copyright 1874. b. Pasl Y. CoIlins.)
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Is the World to Explode -?

DIR. John Jolly of Dublin University,
fellow of the Royal Society of Eng
land. says that every hundred million
years or SO the earth is due for a
blow-up. during which period the
rocks on the surface are melted, the
oceans turned into steam and every
thing made to seethe and boil like
unto present conditions on the planet
Jupiter of our solar system. He
figures that the next blow-up may
not be the last; that others may fol-
low few hundred million years
after
This is a disturbing theory that
DR.. Jolly advances, yet he may be
right. Scientists sometimes are. But
don't worry. Iou'll not be here to
participate, let it be either cata-
clysm of fire or water. Nor are the
figures given by the distinguished
Dublin scientist, of d hundred mil
lion years, SO exereme after all, for
there are other scientists who say
that the earth, in some form, has
existed from five billion to ten bill
lion years. If the latter be true. and
DR.. Jolly's figures are not at fault.
there have been quite a number of
blow-ups of the earth in the past,
each of them perhaps destroying civ
ilizations as advanced and variegated
rs our own.-Omaha World-Herald.
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Editors Politics Govern Views
On Secretary Wilbur's Recall

Secretary WilbuPs sudden recall"
from California causes widespread
comment in editorial circles Various
interpretations are made, based to
some extent, in each case, upon the
politics of the paper. Although
President Coolidge denies the report
that the Secretary was recalled be-
cause OF Indlscreet utterances on the
stump, Democratic papers are quick
to point out that his somewhat nu-
merous speeches have been a bit out
of tune with the administrations
attitude, while the Republican press
for the most part accepts the ex-
planation from Washington that Mr.
"ilbur'S presence was desired to dis
cuss with the budget directors the
question of naval appropriations
This explanation fell rather fat" in
the opinion of the New Orleans Times
Picayune independent Democratic)
which believes differences over the
Navy budget might very well have
awaited settlement after completion of
the Secretary's California engagements
The next congressional session is still
some months ahead. There was no need
for such desperate haste" Such stu
died expla anations," also do not have a
convincing ring to the Baltimore Sun
independently, which contends that
"a strong and silent. calm and
collected man like Mr.. Coolidge (to
take him at his admirers estimate)
should surely have seen these naval
problems rising long ago and not
have left them until the eve of his
advisers Denver speech for settle
ment.' In this speech he was to
have followed a line of argument.
continues the Dayton News Gnde-
pendent Democratic), (which only pre-
of the world in the future is wrapped
up with the League of Nations and
that the United States sooner or later
will have to take this route If it is go
ing to be of any help to the subject of
world wide amity. That of course, was
terrible thing for a Republican cabi-
net member to say" Having closed
that issue, adds the Cleveland Plain
Dealer independent Democratic) ''the
President now closes the Secretary s
mouth, for any one who mentions the
membership affronts the adminisra-
tion."
Echoes of his speeches from the
Pacific coast, declares the milwaukee,
Journal independently. indicate that
it is most fortunate this budget prob
lem became so suddenly acute" be-
cause "Tokio cannot be blamed for
not being pleased by the Secretary s
statements that marching hosts OF
two civilizations stand face to face
across the Pacific and there's moth
ing so cooling as a piece of cold
steel" If 1T is also true that Secre-
tary Wilbur criticized the way in
which tho Penn hi lean admin : ira tiOD
is enforcing prohibition" the Hart
ford Times independent Democratic)
is sure che earned the right to a
quick trip to Washington on another
account" for 1.-The Secretary ought to
have known what his chief would
think about any further attention to
holes in the Republican mantle OF
righteousness" But the St. Louis
Post Dispatch tindependent) thinks
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Mrs. La Toilette and Mrs. Shaver.

This present presidential campaign
is presenting several novelties. Take,
for example, the appearance on the
stump of the wife of one of the presi-
dental candidates speaking in his be-
half. This is the first time such a
thing has happened in this country.
Women have spoken for their hus-
bands on the English hustings in par
liamentary campaigns, and perhaps
wives have addressed meetings here
for husband-candidate for Congress.
Down in Texas recently a woman was
nominated for the Office Of governor
of the State as proxy for her husband.
who was debarred from candidacy by
an impeachment. But Mrs. La Fol-
lette is, so far as known, the first
woman who has directly campaigned
for her husband In a presidential race.
She spoke at Mountain Lake Park
last night, and rendered a very good
account Of herself as q speaker.
The major burden Of Mrs. La Fol.
lette's speech, it would appear, was
pacifism. She attacked Defense day
Evening star., 1924-09-29
FLO w E r. S
For the Living
Mrs. Roosevelt
BY JULIAN STREET

When Mrs. Roosevelt was mistress
at tho White House the newspaper
men were requested not to write
about her and the photographers
| were requested not to take her pic
ture. The limelight, in which she
should have shown to such advan-
tage, has always been distasteful to
her, and always-on her travels, at
Sycamore Hill and in the White
House-she sought to avoid IT.
Wherefore I venture in this case to
offer an unauthorized bouquet. Were
l to ask permission 1 fear that it
might be refused.
The refusal would come in a little
| note so tactful as to leave me feel
ing not at all rebuffed. but very
! friendly with myself-more so than
| shall feel when, having dispatched
this little nosegay, ] face the fact
/ that / have failed entirely to make
1t worthy of her.
Once, long ago, when was writing
OF Theodore Roosevelt and his life at
Sycamore Hill, 1 was asked il l
| might mention her, and after plead
ing, was allowed meager para
graph. Yet every one who in those
days visited Sycamore Hill must
have perceived that Mrs. Roosevelt
with her dignity and graciousness,
her infallible tact. her faculty for in
teresting herself in others instead of
expecting others TO be Interested in
! her, the gentle humor reflected in her
! quick. beautiful smile, and, above all.
that wisdom always so much needed
! BY her husband. was no whit less a
parsonage than the master OF the
house. Nor was there any one who
gave her greater Difference than he
did.
No less than her husband Mrs.
Roosevelt has been companion to
her children and to her children s
children. and a participant in their
! multifarious interests and activities.
| To have seen them all together is to
have seen American family life at its
best. Into the household books pour
ed in steady stream, and they con-
tinue to pour in, forcing their way
by the pressure of their numbers
| through the library. up the stairs into
halls and bedrooms, and on the third
floor. / do not know Of any house
containing a larger or better select
used, nor do I know any one more
widely read and of more delicate and
sure appreciation than Mrs. Roose-
welt.
Last year the widow Of a soldier
showed me note of coincidence Mrs.
Roosevelt had written her. each line
freighted with the Roosevelt cour-
age. We must take il, standing"
she wrote-"Afterwards we can live
without memories"
One can rejoice, now. that she has
for companions her children, her
grandchildren, her books, her memo
ries of the long and happy life of
that extraordinarily congenial and
united family. These and her own
indomitable spirit-a very special
spirit, kind of luminosity. elusive,
indescribable, which somehow sug-
gests to me globe or crystal, clear
and cool, glowing with lovely lights
and images.
Copyright. 1924, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Tomorrow; Herbert Hoover.
Evening star., 1924-09-29
Japan's Amendment.

Japan s proposed amendment to the
League of Nations protocol Of arbitra.
non and security has precipitated a
crisis at Geneva, which in the Ian
Suage of dispatches from there is
viewed as grave and as threatening d
breach in the International alignment
Specifically, Japan demands such a
phrasing of the protocol as would pre-
vent the naming of that country as
an aggressor if it should take steps
TO defend her legitimate interests. -
According to her Interpretation of the
protocol the state which refused
supremacy to international justice
would be protected, and the state
which only demands impartial appli-
cation Of that justice would be con,
Gemned
The whole question is extremely
complex and difficult of understan nd
ing, save upon the assumption that
Japan refuses TO be held to arbitration
on matters which she considers to be
of strictly domestic character, and
in this she includes questions arisins z
out of foreign relations such as immi-
grafton restrictions and other discrim-
nations. In other words. japan de-
clines to be placed in a category that
would rate her as an aSgressor nation
if she should move to protect her ma
tiOnal rights.
Herein lies the whole issue of
League Of Nations membership and
obligation. The league is an agency
to prevent war by holding its mem
berS to strict accountability for OBJ
servance Of the principle of arbitra-
ton. There is no form OF compulSion.
only moral force prevails. Japan is
seeking now to weaken that moral
force by proposing, with a very dis
tinct hint of refusal to remain in
league membership if the protocol is
not modified in accordance with her
requirement.
1t does not follow that Japan con-
templates reprisals against the United
States for the recent restriction placed
upon japanese immigration into this
country. Indeed. her representa- tive
at Geneva indicated that there was a
greater cause of national resentment
in British Columbia and in Australia
than in the United States, and a men,
Der OF the japanese delegation. ex-
planning the objection TO the arbitral
protocol, is quoted as saying: When
you consider how the japanese are
mistreated in South Africa, we are
treated very well in the United States
as nation" But whether this pres
ent objection is intended to relieve
Japan Of liability under league and
world court Jurisdiction in case she
should elect to settle her differences
academic protest against the limita-
lion of national initiative, it stands as
an example OF the weakness Of the or
ganiZation, which can function for
world security only with the unani-
nous consent Of all member nations
Secession is always possible under
prOvocation.
Japan proposes an amendment in
due form, but she proposes it with
plain signs Of determination to abide
by the decision only if it should be
favorable to her. Should she sub
scribe to the protocol in a form un-
satisfactory to her she presumably
Yields her point, but without guaran-
factory arrangement.
Evening star., 1924-09-29
SHOOTING STARS.
HY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Listening In.

Listening In.
For old d-tme orators I sigh.
Although these words are fair,
I want to see the glittering eye
And watch them paw the air.
I want to see them halt and think
AS in the days of yore,
And from a pitcher take a drink
OF water-nothing more.
Their hair / went to see them toss
Back from d lofty brow.
There is today a sense of loss
Truth moves me to avow.
The phrases which resound in spac,
Are forcible and neat;
And yet. without athletic grace,
The style is incomplete.
Evening star., 1924-09-29

There is a case pending in the Dis
trict Supreme Court and to be car
ried, ultimately, to the United States
Supreme Court, to determine whether
a Filipino is eligible to become a
citizen of the United States.
+ X X
A Young Filipino who has resided
!! in the United States for several years
registered as available for service in
the United States Army in the World
War, but, not being drafted, he served
in a munition factory At that time
he took out his first papers, indicating
A desire to become a citizen. Now
that he applies for his final papers
the Department of Labor, by its
naturalization bureau, intervenes an
objection-or rather, two objections.
This young man, Ambrosius Javier,
is Filipino by birth. therefore, he
is not free white" person, accord
ing to the bureaus reading of the
law. Section 2169 Or. S., 1878, p. $50;
l Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 1889 reads:
THE provisions of this title shall
apply to aliens being free white per-
sons; and to aliens OF African ma
tjyity and to persons of African de-
scent"
According to this law, IL this ap-
nlicant had been born in the Sudan,
in Morocco or in darkest Africa, or
even if his parents had been SO born.
he could, unquestionably, claim the
right to acquire American citizen
ship; but, as a Filipino, his right is
disputed.
The law defining the rules of
naturalization in the act of 1905,
creating the Department of Labor,
provides in section 4, clause Z: That
a Filipino of the age of 81 years and
over, who has served three years in
the Army, Navy or Marines. and has
resided three years in the United
States, may file his petition for natu-
raliZation.
That rule does not apply to the case
in dispute, because Javier was not
drafted nor did he volunteer, he only
registered for draft and then worked
in a munition factory throughout the
war.
Section so of the same law pro-
vides:
THAT all the applicable provisions
of the naturalization laws OF the
United States shall apply to and be
held to authorize the admission to
citizenship of all persons not cltiZeiis
who owe permanent allegiance to the
United States, and who may become
resident of any State or organized
territory of the United States.
Does nationality in the Philippines
constitute permanent allegiance to
the United States? Under the Jones
law organizing the government OF
the Philippines, after we took them
from Spain, it was stated in the
preamble that some day, when this
Government sees fit, we are to set
the island free. The question now
arises for the court to consider
whether that pledge in the Jones
law does not throw a doubt on the
permanent allegiance of all Fill
pinos to the United States.
X X
True, the Jones law does not in
dictate when we shall release the is
lands from allegiance to this coun-
try. 1t will be when Congress and
the Executive Of the United States
Judge that such an act is expedient
and to the best interests Of both the
Filipinos and the Americans. Many
generations may pass before that al
legiance will be broken; but, 1t is
argued, since 1t may be broken some
day, can anybody say it is. legally,