davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Pure Bred Sires of One
Breed Give Best Results

No hard and fast rules can be laid
down as to how and where to buy
good herd sires. It is a good plan for
the beginner to get the advice and as
sistance Of an experienced judge be-
fore making a purchase. Not every
pure bred or registered sire is good
one; culls appear in the best herds.
Most county agents and high school
agricultural teachers are good stock
judges, or at least have sufficient
knowledge Of breeds and herds to en-
able them to render valuable assist
ance in selecting stock. The better
class of breeders will assist new man
to get start by giving him good value
for his money.
Pure bred sires give best results
when always of one breed. Judicious
cross-breeding may give good results
for market feeding, but when cross
bred females are saved for breeding
purposes their offspring do not have
that uniformity of type and form
that is so desirable iii market stock.
This is only obtained by continuing
one line of breeding.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Crushed Oystershell and
Lime Are of Importance

Do your hens frequently lay soft
shelled eggs, though plentifully sup
piled with crushed oystershell? If SO.
it Is perhaps due to an oyer-fat condi-
ton of the fowls. This IS especially
true when hens are fed almost excIu-
sively on grains. Repeated expert
ments prove that all the lime needed
for the forming of eggshells is not to-
be found in oystershel1s; therefore, the
feed must provide part Of the neces-
sary lime.
While grains contain much starch,
they are deficient in lime. Hence,
when the hens receive much grain and
little feed containing mineral matter,
they receive more starch than they
can utilize because of the shortage of
mineral matter in their systems. Clio
yer and alfalfa are both rich in min
eral matter, so the feeding of these
legumes will help much to Offset the
starchiness of the grains.
Excessive fat not only retards lay
ing but causes various sorts Of freak
eggs. If the eggs from an oyer-fat
hen are used for incubation, the chicks
will lack vitality and are often de-
formed.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
FARM INDUSTRY
OUTLOOK BETTER

There is enough information locked
away in the library and laboratories
Of the average agricultural experiment
station to completely revolutionize the
farming industry Of its state" we'll
known educator and investigator once
said.
This view was borne out by b. A.
Birge, president of the University of
wisconsin, when he said, "The biggest
problem of agriculture today is put
ting to work the results of science and
investigation which have been worked
out at the various agricultural expert
ment stations" while addressing a
group Of short course and dairy course
students at the Wisconsin College Of
Agriculture.
''You men," he told them, "are go
ing back to your homes to lead-to
become leaders in your county and In
your state. If you can take back a
contact with the stream of agricul-
tural progress which you can only get
here or at some similar college you
will indeed be able to serve.
1.-THE farming of twenty-five years
from today will be very different from
that of today. Only a man who like
you boys, makes contact with
sources of farm progress and who
keeps that contact can solve the prob
iems which will arise.
you men, after your courses here,
should not be afraid of new things
but rather be the first to adopt that
which you know is sound and of
value.
with our present knowledge of sci
snce agriculture faces a new day and
j new opportunity" he declared. 1.-THE
big problem is to get this newer knowl-
edge applied
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Vaccination Against Hog
Cholera Is Wisest Plan

AS there seems to be a considerable
outbreak of hog cholera in the eastern
part Of Colorado, a reiteration of some
of the well-known facts of this dis
ease may not be amiss.
Cholera is the most serious disease
of hogs which we have and the only
one that causes unusually large losses
in all aged animals It is hardly con-
ceivable that so or 70 per cent Of a
herd of hogs of various ages would
be lost from any other disease. In
spite of this there seems to be much
uncertainty as to the diagnosis, one
regarding it as pneumonia, another as
necrotic enteritis, and various other
diseases.
Vaccination of herds in which the
disease is already widespread is often
disappointing, but vaccination as a pre-
ventive measure is almost absolute and
will be found profitable. This pro-
cedure is the greatest boon to the hog
raiser which has ever been discovered,
but unless it is used it cannot be ex-
pected to be very helpful Everyone
owning hogs in a district where the
disease is known to exist should i'm
mediately vaccinate rather than wait
until the disease attacks the herd.
This will be found excellent and prof
liable insurance.. E. Newsom, de-
partment of pathology, Colorado Agri-
cultural college.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Importance Of Yield to
Crop Production Costs

Investigators Of the Cornell IN. Y.)
experiment station have published the
results of their efforts to obtain In
formation on the production and costs
of the principal canning crops grown
in that state. The report contains
much of interest regarding peas. "The
cost per ton of peas" states L. ]. Nor
ton, lis very closely related to the
yield per acre." Thus on 1O1 farms
where yields averaged 2,138 pounds
per acre, the return was $50 per acre
more than on 81 farms averaging 1,492
pounds. Furthermore, on so farms
averaging 1888 pounds per acre, the
increased return advanced to $50 per
acre. These increased returns were
produced at an average total cost Of
So per acre. The three factors that
seemingly had the most to do with
increasing the rate Of yields, were
fertilizer, manure and lime. It was
found that the yield per acre advanced
almost exactly in the same order as
did the amounts of fertilizer and
manure used, particularly the former.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Chemists Try to
Stop Big Losses
Problem to Check Deteriora-
ton Of Various Crops Be
fore Marketing Them.


prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.J
One or the great general problems
faced by the United States Department
of Agriculture and by state experiment
stations is the curtailing of losses of
crops through deterioration before they
can be marketed or consumed. The
prevention of such wastes, brought
about by the agency of micro-organ-
isms insects, fire, water, and other
destructive agencies, is to a large ex-
tent a problem for the agricultural
chemist. "This problem" says DR.. G.
A. Browne, chief Of the bureau Of
chemistry, lis equal in Importance to
that Of the utilization Of waste"
Loss to Sugar Industry.
Nearly all crops are subject to loss
through deterioration. In an address
to the Institute of Chemical Engineers,
Doctor Browne called attention to
number Of the more important ones.
The losses to the sugar industry from
deterioration of the harvested crop
between field and factory, or from de-
IOI1OIdLlOu Ol Lie raw sugar UOCWCCA
factory and refinery, amount each year
to many millions Of dollars. The same
is true of many other agricultural
commodities. The department has
numerous projects under way in the
field Of loss prevention; among these
may be mentioned the checking of
the deterioration of paper and leather,
Improvements in dehydration and other
methods for reducing the spoiIage of
foods, the prevention of dust explo-
sions, and the proofng of fabrics
against damage by water, mildew, and
fire.
Spontaneous Combustion.
A large number of unsolved chemical
problems relate to this subject of loss
prevention, according to Doctor
Browne The agricultural interests of
the country suffer millions of dollars
worth of damage each year from
spontaneous combustion, but the
chemical mechanism by which a NOW
of hay or a car of stock feed catches
fire is not as yet explained. Less spec
tacular, but more generally destruc-
tive, is the deteriorative effect Of at
mospF1eric oxygen upon butter, paper,
lard, leather, and other commodities.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Strawberry Best
for Home Garden
New Plants for Spring Set
ting Can Be Purchased at
Very Small Expense.


prepared by the United States Department
of Agrfcuture.)
Strawberries are so easily handled
and require so little room that if only
one of the small fruits can be grown
in the home garden they should have
the preference. New plants for setting
out this spring can be purchased at
small cost from a nurseryman, or per-
haps may be obtained free from a
neighbor. They may be transplanted
from nearby at any time in the season
If surrounded by a ball of earth,
moved carefully and watered well. In
either case says the United States De
partment of Agriculture, the bed
should contain some plants known as
a perfect-blossom variety. otherwise
the plants of the imperfect blossom va
riety in the bed will not be pollinated
anG consequently will not bear fruit.
TWO Kinds of Blossoms.
Strawberry blossoms are of two
kinds. One kind is called perfect,
staminate, or male, and the other kind
Imperfect, pistillate, or female. Some
varieties have perfect blossoms and
other varieties have imperfect bios
SONS. Those with perfect blossoms
produce pollen which will fertilize both
perfect and imperfect blossoms and en-
able them to bear fruit. The varieties
with imperfect blossoms cannot set
fruit without receiving pollen from
perfect blossoms.
,DIo,+o5 +boro
should be at least one row of the per-
fect-blossom variety to four rows with
imperfect blossoms. The nurserymans
catalogue will specify the kind of bios
SONS. Set the plants early in the
spring, If possible, so they will get the
benefit of the spring rains and make
a strong growth. Trim off the dead
leaves and all but one or two live ones
and cut the roots to four or five inches
long. Spread the roots somewhat and
set the plants the same depth in the
soil as they were before they were
dug. Be especially careful not to set
them deeper and not to get earth over
the growing crowns, for this will prob
ably kill the plants.
Set Close Together.
The plants may be grown in hills or
In narrow or wide matted rows. For
very small areas, plants set in hills
close together will no doubt produce
the most and largest fruit, but will re-
quire more care than matted rows.
For hill growing, set the plants one
foot apart in the row and have the
rows just far enough apart to cultivate
easily, say from two to three feet; or
set two rows a foot apart in double
rows and have a space of two or three
feet between the double rows Keep
all runners cut off and give good cul-
tivation, so as to make extra strong
plants.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
POULTRY
FATS
BOOSTS CONVENIENT
IN CLEANING HOUSE

For convenience in cleaning a chick
en- house, the movable roost shown
herewith will commend itself to farm
ers who have only small number Of
fowls in their fiocks, says the Orange
Judd Farmer. The chief advantage is
that it can be taken apart quickly and
thoroughly cleaned. For control of
mites and lice this is a very important
feature.
It is made by using two carpenters
horses of any suitable length On the
upper sides Of the crosspieces notches
are made for the roosts proper to rest
in. These roosts of pinch material
should fit rather snugly in place and
preferably be pinned to prevent fitting
when the fowls are upon them. The
dimensions Of the crosspieces will de-
pend somewhat upon the number of
fowls kept. A 2 by finch scantlingI
will be large enough. This should bel
fastened to the legs well toward itsg
ends. The legs may be of any con-
venient height; 18 inches to 2 feet will
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Tomato Fertilizer Tests
Give Convincing Results

Results of three years work with
fertilizers on tomatoes have just been
published by the New Jersey expert
ment station. Yields produced with
81 different complete fertilizers, each
containing a total of over Is per cent
plant food ammonia, phosphoric acid
and potash) were compared with each
other and with yields of unfertilized
tomatoes. The fertilizer was applied
at the rate of 1000 pounds per acre,
400 pounds several days before plant
ing and the balance three weeks after
planting.
During the three-year period, the
combined average yield of the seven
highest yielding plots was II tons of
tomatoes per acre, 4.8 tons more than
the average yield of the unfertilized
tomatoes. All things considered,
2-8-6 fertilizer proved the most eco
nomical under the conditions govern
ing the test.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
GENETlCS HELPS
BREEDERS WORK

1.-THE chief value of genetics to the
animal breeder lies in the elimination
of false ideas and myths concerning
breeding facts and results" declares
r. A. Brink, genetist at the Wisconsin
College of Agriculture.
Sin the plant-breeding field, it is pos
sible to apply geneticaI knowledge more
extensively than in the breeding of
the higher types of animals because
of the ease and economy with which
plants may be grown.
1.-THE fur-bearing animal breeder can
very proftably use knowledge of
genetics in securing crosses which re-
suit in the best colors, markings and
length of hair. In all cases, genetics
promotes clearer thinking on the part
of the breeder"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
THREE as" HAVE
WON A NEW PLACE
Lime, Legumes and Live
Stock Popular With Green
Lake County Dairymen.

The three RS, reading, writing
and arithmetic, are having competition
for the affections of Green Lake coun-
ty residents. It is claimed that the
three big U.s., lime, legumes and
live stock, have won a permanent
place in the regard Of Green Lake
county dairymen.
Whereas five years ago there were
less than one hundred tons of agri-
cultural lime used on Green Lake
county dairy farms there were be-
tween three and four thousand tons
ground and hauled upon the fields of
the county the past year County
Agent James Lacey reports that prac-
tically all of the lime used in 1919
in this county was spread by less than
half a dozen dairy farmers.
In 1921 nearly five hundred tons
of this soil neutralizer found its way
to Green Lake county soil. Then
came the portable grinder, making
lining cheaper and more convenient
farm practice. In 1922, according to
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Increase termination
OF, Seed by Cleaning
More Thorough scariffying
Decreases Hard Kernels.

Cleaning and scarifying of alfalfa
seed prior to planting increased the
termination % per cent and greatly in
creased the purity of the seed, accord
ing to results secured by o. A. Stevens,
seed analyst at the North Dakota Ag-
ricultural college, In tests conducted
during the past year with 90 samples
of alfalfa.
termination Of the samples prior to
scarifying and cleaning averaged 81
per cent, with 80 hard seeds. After
cleaning and scarifying, the germinas
ton averaged 78 per cent and the
number of hard seeds was cut down to
20. More thorough scarification would
further decrease the number Of hard
seeds. The amount Of pure seed in the
samples prior to cleaning averaged 90
per cent, and after cleaning 81 per
cent.
Hard seeds, that is, seeds which
neither terminate nor rot, constitute a
problem peculiar to the legumes, al
falfa, sweet clover, white, red and al
sike clovers," Mr. Stevens declares.
water fails to penetrate the seed
coats, and the seeds may lie dormant
in the ground for long periods of time,
often several years. Frequently, SAM
pies of alfalfa and sweet clover con-
tain up to rs per cent of this hard
seed. To make these seeds terminate,
they are usually scarified, that is, the
coats are scratched by some mechan-
ical means so that the moisture can
get through them. Occasionally sam
pies Of alfalfa and sweet clover may
show high termination without scarif-
cation, but seedsmen and farmers now
make it rule to scarify their seed be-
fore planting, especially If using yarie-
ties Of high value"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Care of Leather in
Wet Weather Urged
Especially True in Late Win
ter and Spring Months.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.l
'"The care of your leather equip
ment at all times, but especially during
the wet winter and spring MONTHS is
the recommendation of the leather ex-
perts of the bureau of chemistry, Unit
ed States Department Of agriculture.
Farmers are the largest users Of
leather and they are vitality concerned
IN lengthening its life. Harness, for
instance, of the proper weight and
grade for the work required, should
last fifteen to twenty-five years if it
is not allowed to become hard or
harsh, but is kept smooth and flexible
by frequent washing and oiling, and
has been known to last forty years.
The specialists recommend that har-
ness be washed with tepid water and
CASTLE soap, rinsed in tepid water, and
hung up to dry. While still moist it
should be oiled well with neat's-foot
oil or castor oil with a mixture of
either with wool grease. Driving
belts, machine belts and other leather
articles used by the farmer will also
respond to this preservative treatment
with increased seryiceability and mon
ey will be saved that would otherwise
have to be spent in replacing them If
neglected.
Grease the children's shoes and wa
terproof the soles so that dampness
cannot enter Then it will no longer
be necessary to deny children the
pleasures of outdoor life during win
ter and spring because of the possible
danger Of colds from wet feet. For
mulas for making boots and shoes wa
ter resistant have been prepared by
the department.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Pea Canning in Wisconsin.

A few years ago New York and
Wisconsin were running neck and neck
in the pea canning business, but Wis
consin's crop has increased five fold
since 1910. This enormous expansion
has been brought about through a
number Of factors. One of these is
the Improvement in machinery. The
Introduction of the viner in 1896 en-
abled the operating radius of the can
merry to be greatly extended and in
addition simpliffed the Smelling process,
Then, too, improvements in processing
have now practically cut out plant
losses IN the processed goods.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28

lacey, nearly two thousand tons were
either ground locally or hauled in. In
all, lime enough to cover one thousand
acres was used that season. Then in
1923 came the second portable ma
chine, doubling the output of lime from
that source.
Just recently the discovery Of sew
eral extensive mari beds has opened
up Hmitless sources of cheap agricul-
tural lime. Lacey estimates that be-
tween six and eight thousand tons
of lime and mari will be used in this
county next year. 1.-THE demand for
lime is growing enormously" declares
Lacey, land the time is coming when
farmers in this county will be using
twenty to thirty thousand tons per
year on the county's fifteen hundred
farms.
Lime and Legumes Keep Pace.
"Legumes, principally alfalfa and
soy beans, have kept pace with the
growth in the use of lime. For men
who make a pretense Of producing
milk economically, legume hay is alb
solutely necessary in the ration of the
dairy herd. Alfalfa hay has met the
requirements of a good dairy feed bet
ter than any other hay crop, and al
falfa is experiencing a remarkable
growth in acreage and popularity
I'm 1919 there were only one hun
dred and seventy-two acres of alfalfa
in the entire county Today there
are about twelve hundred. Glover has
lost prestige as a dairy feed. The
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28

been analysed in the soils laboratory.
About 300 Of these came in after De
cember 1. In one week 115 samples
were sent In.
"The intensity of the lime demand, .
says Mr. Richards, lis shown by the
fact that 35 carloads or 1850 tons
were shipped to Sparta, Monroe coun-
ty, in one week. The sudden interest
in lining is due mainly to the inten-
sive lime-alfalfa campaign aided
greatly by the fact that so much clover
failed to grow this past season.
'"The main sources of lime are COM
mercial companies. local grinders and
the mari beds. Close to so grinders
are in use today" declares Richards,
"and the farmers of the state are sold
on the value of lime"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Steady Growth Is Seen
in Pure Bred Holsteins

An average of $500 registrations
and 1920 transfers a month during the
years 1921, 1922 and 1923 indicates
that the pure bred Holstein cattle
business is growing steadily despite
adverse live stock conditions which
have prevailed during this period.
Membership in the Holstein-Friesian
Association of America increased at
the rate of from 1873 each month in
1921 to 149 in 1923.
Since 1885, when this organization
Of Holstein breeders was established
under It's present name, to January 1,
1924. 1929, 129 certificates of registry
and 1921 1858 certificates Of transfer
have been issued. Registrations num-
bered 877, 500 for females and 421, 500
for males. OF the transfers issued
S60,24O were for females and 431, 719
for males. A total of over $4,000 Hol-
stein breeders are now members of
this association.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Free Use Of Fertilizer
Increases Crop Profits

The Windsor county, Vt, farm bu-
reau has announced the results of a
test Of the effects Of various ferti-
lizers on potatoes on the farm of K.
H. Atwood at Bridgewater. In addi-
ton to generous dressings Of stable
manure, 400, 900 and 1000 pounds Of
a 3-8-4 fertilizer, and 500 and 1000
pounds of a 1873 were compared with
no fertilizer.
The largest yield and the largest
net profit followed an application of
1000 pounds per acre Of a 3-8-4.
County Agent G. ]. Frink, however,
basing his advice on previous tests and
experience, recommends from 400 to
600 pounds of a high-analysis fertili-
ger, when liberal applications of sta
Die manure also are made. ut is very
profitable" he says, ito use some
where near these quantities every
year,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Easily Moved Chicken Roost.

be high enough for fowls of the heavy
breeds such as Cochin, Brahma and
Langshan, but a foot or so higher for
the lighter varieties such as Leghorns,
Andalusian and Minorca.
These roosts may be placed any,
where in the poultry house, prefera-
bly, not in contact with the walls.
They will need to be drenched with
kerosene at regular intervals to get
rid Of mites, but probably not as often
as if they were attached to the walls,
because the mites will not have as
good opportunities to hide. If it is not
considered desirable to use oil, boiling
water will do as WELL. Where water
is used, this style of roost is specially
advantageous, because the drenching
can be done out of doors on fine day
and the wood be dry in an hour or so.
Hot water cannot be used in the house,
because it will not evaporate readily
enough.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-02-28
Soy Beans Are Excellent
With Corn for Silagt

To be grown with corn for hogging
down or to be pastured down with
sheep or to be cut with corn for silage,
there is no question but soy beans
should be more extensively raised in
every state of the Union. We should
also grow more soy beans for grain to
be used for cattle and hogs in balanc-
ing feeding rations. The man who
grows his own protein need not buy
so much expensive tankage and other
products rich in the muscle-forming
elements.