davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
4O-HOUR WEEK OR
STRIKE, GARMENT
WORKERS VOTE.
Feb. Is Is Date Set for
WaIk-Out

The international Ladies Garment
Workers Union will demand fve-
day 40-hour week and continuance
Of the present 44-hour wage scale,
an unemployment insurance plan
and union controlled employment
bureau when the present agreement
with the dress manufacturers Of Chi
cago expires Feb. 18th.
These demands were voted on at
a meeting of the international held
at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukee and
Ashland avenues, Monday night.
More than a thousand members of
the union attended the meeting and
the demands which are to be present.
ed to the bosses by the joint board
of the union were adopted. The Joint
board of the union was authorized to
call a strike if they are unable to
get the manufacturers to agree to
the demands. About 5000 workers
and 200 manufacturers will be af-
fected by the new agreement.
international union officials said
yesterday that they expected the
manufacturers to sign the new
agreement without the necessity Of
calling a strike.
The unemployment insurance
scheme which the union wants, will
differ from the scheme now in force
in the mems clothing industry in that
only the bosses will pay into the
fund. The bosses will be expected
to assure the union and the workers
that they will furnish a given
amount of work a year. They will
pay a given amount in to the unem-
ployment fund each week and if
they fail to give the workers in their
shop the amount of work they agreed
to they will be forced to pay them
from this fund. If they do give the
workers the amount Of work they
agreed to give, the money they pay
into the insurance fund will be re-
turned to them.
Negotiations were begun between
union officials and the Chicago Dress
Manufacturers yesterday looking to
a settlement on the basis Of the new
demands.
With 40-hour week on the pay
basis of "A hours work the hourly
wage rate will be increased about Is
per cent.
Rank and File for Expelled.
The rank and file of the unionists
at the meeting expressed their de-
sire that the members of the union
who have been expelled for their
militant attitude, against the union
officials, be reinstated before any
strike was called.
The people who had been expelled
were permitted to attend the meet
ing. This was the first time that ex-
PEELED members were permitted to at
tend any union mass meeting.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
YHcGtGn Fascist
Rulers Bar All
Radical Parties

MEXICO CITY.-The aims of the
counter-revolution in Yucatan are
well illustrated by a decree passed
by the rebel government there on
Dec. "a. The decree renders illegal
and prohibits all meetings of So
cialist or Communist organizations
thruout the state.
Five hundred thousand hectares
Of land distributed to the peasants
Of Yucatan, peonage abolished, the
hennequin commission Gan enterprise
in state capitalism with socialistic
coloring), law limiting rentals to
6 per cent of the proved value of
the real estate, the vote of the for
merly disfranchised Indian made
effective, a divorce law with divorce
at the desire of either party with
out the slandering and defaming of
the other-such is the answer of the
Mexican daily, Gel Diario," to the
question: "Why did they kill Felipe
Carrillo ?"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

destroyed family life. When a home
is converted into a lodging place it
interferes not only with the home SO
changed but also with other peoples
homes. The neighboring mothers
don't want their daughters accosted
and approached by strange men,"
Miss Davidson Of the same institu-
ton told me another descriptive in
fuence on the workingmen's family
life arising directly out of the hous-
ing difficulties: "Often houses are be-
ing turned into rendezvous for
hootch in order to meet the rent ex-
penses. On - West 18th Street
there is house where the present
rental is $50; in 1919 it was SIS.
Now there are roomers in this home.
The neighbors say that hootch is
being made there. The children are
being accosted. Strange people come
around to ask all sorrs Of questions.
The parents are alarmed"
The seriousness Of the deplorable
conditions is we'll summed ND by
Judge Boyle in his letter to the
Housing Cimmission. We quote in
part: Nowadays the prospect Of
re-establishing home in New York
for people of small means, especially
where there are children, Is so remote
as to be almost negligible. Rents
are either too high or the sort Of
place that may be obtained is gen
orally 30 deplorably bad that there
is practically no choice remaining.
Families are doubled up in small
apartments TO such an extent which
was never before experienced in this
city. Some of the results of this
practice are too shocking to des-
cribe.
"Girls more and more and in pro-
portion as the home space is pre-
because Of the existing con-
gestion in housing, are substituting
Railways for the old fashioned parlor
or living room in which TO find place
for the entertainment Of their COM
panions--male and female.
"In greater numbers than ever,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07


responsible for the tragic state
of affairs to twist the sufferings
of the masses into capitalist
political campaign material.
Children Undernourished.
United States Senator Copeland
presented the State Housing Commits
sion of New York with some dismal
statistics on the havoc wrought with
the development of the children of
the working class by the high rents
and unspeakable housing conditions.
According to DIR. Copeland there
are at least 100000 undernourished
children in the public schools of
New York City. In Public School
No. 73 on Lafayette Street, which is
an average" school attended by
workers children, at least 70ao of
the children are undernourished.
That the plight of the children of
the wage earners is becoming ever
more grave was made plain to the
Commission by DR.. j. l.. Blumenthal
Of the Department of Health. This
investigator showed that the mall
nutrition Of the children has been in
creasing continually since 1916 and
has already reached menacing dimen-
sions. DR.. Blumenthal emphasized
the fact that when people are com
PEELED to pay rents beyond their in
come and are thus driven to cut
down on their food budget or live in
uninhabitable rooms there are bound
to arise malnutrition and all the
dangerous after-effects Of crowded
sleeping.
Mona Caruso, a social worker Of
the Brooklyn Bureau Of Charities,
told the Commission that: "The
children in most cases are under
nourished. The families are not able
to buy the proper food" Sophie Irene
Loeb, President Of the Board OF
Child Welfare Of New York City,
laid special stress on this phase Of
the sufferings Of the working class
vhen she declared before the State
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

families living under bad housing
conditions the general mortality and
sickness are very high and costly.
"The Italians in our neighborhood
are doubling up in cellars and are
living under conditions which are
absolutely menace to health and
safety" said Miss Manning Of the
Housing Committee Of the Women's
City Club to the Commission.
Overcrowding brings on exhaus-
ton. insufficient rest for the bread
winners unavoidably brings on sick
ness, colds, and infectious diseases,
according to Mr.. Burrit, prominent
social investigator.
Dr. Emerson, formerly New York
Health Commissioner, has found that
room crowding is probably the most
important factor in the spread Of
those diseases--of the respiratory
tract, notably pneumonia, bronchitis,
influenza and tuberculosis"
Dr. Watson F. Walker, former
Deputy Health Commissioner Of
Detroit, supports this conclusion Of
Dr. Emerson, and says further that
the lack Of light, the human organism
is subjected to in poor housing and
environment has a harmful effect on
the development of the human body.
This is plainly shown in the recent
investigations Of the problem of
ricketts,.
The significance Of these dangers
is brought TO the fore very effectively
by j. Byron Deacon, Director Of the
New York tuberculosis Association,
in his letter to the State Housing
Commission, when he says: when
TO the burden Of overcrowding Is
added that of high rents, the de-
leterious effects are intensified. High
rents decrease the moneys available
for food and clothing, and by con-
sequence the health level Of the pop
ulation must be lowered"
1.-THE next article will deal with the
excrbitant rents. the workers are
fored to pay.)
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
Aid to STARRING
Germans Brought
by Shop Chairman

The campaign of the Jewish Daily
Forward against the Friends Of
Soviet Russia and Workers Germany,
does not seem to be producing any
results. That was indicated at the
Office Of the F. S. R., when Freda
Reicher. shop chairman in the Low
enthal dress shop, brought in con-
tribution of SIS. She had read the
Forward but she was anxious to help
the starving workers in Germany
that she took up a collection in her
shop for the F. S. R. and decided to
inquire. if the charges. Of the For
ward were true. When she was told
the facts she said that she intended
TO do all she could to help them in
their work of assisting the German
workers.
The F. S. R. is continually receiv-
ing letters and contributions from
workers who have collected money
from their friends. Many of them
are not affiliated with any organiza-
ton working for German relief. They
received YESTERDAY contribution of
$h from Mr.. A. Hanna of Cleveland,
Ohio. who also sent a contribution
of IS from Mr.. Albina Smreker also
of Cleveland.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

investigators: u believe that In most
of our families there is malnutrition
because they have to pay the terrific
rent. The rent has got to be paid
because they know that if they do
not pay the rent they will be evicted.
The children do not get enough pro-
per food. They do not get enough
nourishment because Of these high
rents"
The writer visited one of the New
York Public Schools in the Chelsea
district to find out what effect the
malnutrition had on the pupils. The
Principal Of Public School Number -
in telling me of the harmful effects
Of undernourishment on The children
said: 1.-THE high rents have a detri-
mental influence on the children in
many ways. When the child is not
withdrawn from school because of
economic pressure aggravated by the
excessive rent bills his scholarship is
very often handicapped by malnutri-
ton. An underfed child cannot be
expected to have proper interest in
and pay sufficient attention to studies.
There Is no denial to the fact that a
sickly child can't make a good pupil
despite the fact that the natural
abilities may be Of high order"
Overerowding Disastrous to Children
The extreme congestion prevailing
in the working class districts is
especially disastrous TO the welfare
Of the children. Miss Edith B. Coff,
social worker at the Madison House,
testified before the Housing Commits
sion about the effects Of overcrowd-
ing on child life. eve find that the
children do not sleep. There is no
privacy, the gas is burning until
twelve and one o'clock. Everyone is
talking; everyone is walking The
street Is noisy, and the child does not
fall asleep until twelve, half-past
twelve and one. | have gone up time
and again to my families and helped
put child to sleep and then l knew
how little really / can expect Of the
mother who has three or four other
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

there will be found in the small
apartments of the poor, the male
ledger or dodgers always a menace) i.
As rule the best room in the home
is his, while the family itself is re-
legated to the meagre quarters err
naming; too often only a kitchen,
but usually bedroom or two, in
variably overcrowded. One cannot
in decency here specify some of the
results Of this kind Of living, if it
may be described as such"
Standards of Living Lowered.
Low as the standard of living Of
the average workingman may be, the
intolerable housing conditions tend
to make il still lower. Evidence of
such lowering of the workers
standards was submitted to the
Commission by Miss Sophie Irene
Loeb in her testimony showing that
the elementary practice of taking a
bath is often entirely dropped mot
only because there are no bathrooms,
but because Of the utter lack Of
privacy. The kitchen is the only
room warm enough for the purpose,
and the only room with running water,
and it is difficult to find time when
1t is not occupied by the family"
What this degradation Of the work.
ers means in their everyday life is
wildly illustrated by the following
case pictured to me by Miss Bromley
of the Hudson Guild: 1.-THE mother
is working in a paper box factory.
She has four daughters and three
sons. In addition to these she takes
care Of an orphan boy and takes in
washing to get along. We called her
Swedish Nightingale" Recently we
had the mother move her family to
a new apartment. When we showed
her little boy Eddie the bathtub, we
said to him: Guess you'll have to
sleep here Eddie Immediately
asked: Who within"
Grave Menace 10 Health.
There Is superabundance Of au-
thoritative statistical and medical in
formation showing that amongst
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

twenty set forth by the Judge. They
are typical.
"Girl Is years old alleged to have
had improper relations with a male
boarder in the home. The family
conduct a small candy store and live
in three rooms in the rear of it. The
family consist of parents. and six
children, all living in the overcrowded
quarters indicated and in addition for
a time they had male boarder. The
adult went scot free because of lack
Of proof. The parents insist that
they cannot afford to obtain another
home and IL was necessary to COM
nit the girl to an institution"
boy ID years old brought to
court by his mother for staying out
at night and for being a truant.
The mother blames II on unwhole-
some neighborhood companions. The
father earns about $500 per week.
Nothing very bad about the boy,
his sole trouble seems TO be dis
position TO play hockey from
school, and he was placed on proba-
ton. The family consists Of par
cHtb ana X CHlAuIen, I'LL living III
three small rooms in the rear Of a
tenement; poorly ventilated and
dark. All fourteen sleep in two
rooms, both parents are decent and
respectable but they cannot possibly
change home conditions because they
cannot afford any higher rent"
Family Life at Low Ebb.
Because Of the housing shortage
and the high rents, the extent to
which families are forced to take in
dodgers TO make ends meet has in
creased tremendously.
Miss Bromley, an experienced social
worker Of the Hudson Guild, de-
scribed the evils Of "boarders" for
me in these words: "Many homes
have been further destroyed in this
section (Chelsea) by rooming houses
and roomers. To the landlords 1t is
often a paying proposition to turn
their buildings into rooming houses.
But these tendencies have further
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

children, to put that child to sleep at
eight o'clock. They sleep there to-
gether, four in the back bedroom,
with one window, and they are natur-
ally restless. When they get up in
the morning they are not able to eat
their breakfast because they did not
sleep. They did not have any air.
They get up tired and nervous and
disturbed"
Miss Golf went on to tell the Com
mission that in the investigation
made of the physical conditions Of
400 children in the neighbcrhood of
the Madison House, l02 children,
aged 5 to IL, were under weight from
to II pounds. Miss Coff said that
for an East side child to be under
weight FIVE or six pounds is quite
normal.
DR.. Bosky of the Beth Israel Hos
pital on the East side declared that
the housing conditions and not actual
neglect is the main cause for this
tragic condition in which the child
rem Of the workers find themselves.
DR.. Haven Emerson, professor Of
public health ut Columbia University,
stated 10 the Commission that il
New York City had had the same
favorable conditions Of occupancy as
the cities Of the Pacific coast have,
there would have been no increase in
infant mortality.
Juvenile Delinquency Aggravated.
The miserable neighborhood en-
vironment TO which many Of the
workers children are subject has had
most harmful influence on the
bringing up Of the boys and girls in
the working class districts.
Judge Edward F. Boyle Of the
Children's Court submitted startling
evidence to State Industrial Commits
sioner Bernard l.. Shientag on the
manner In which the welfare Of the
children Of the workers in the con-
gested sections of the city is being
imperiled because Of the housing
crisis. We cite two cases Of the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
Argentine JeIUS
IN Sharp Lineup
on Class Issues
az Ths Federatsd Pr...l

BUENOS AIRES.--CIass divisions
in the big Jewish population Of Ar
gentina have become SO acute that
the organizations of Jewish workers
are calling for boycott upon all So
called philanthropic organizations of
Argentinian Jewish business men.
The latter, according to the proletar-
ian Jews, have been used to sabotage
Russian relief, to smash Hebrew
trades unions and to fight the battles
OF the employers generally under the
guise Of philanthrophy.
In manifesto issued by the work.
ers the Zionist central committee and
the Right Poale Zion have been par
ticularly singled out for boycott. The
workers charge that the Zionist CEN
trail committee collected funds for re-
lief of the flood of Jewish immigrants
to Argentina, and then used the funds
to recruit such immigrants as strike
breakers in struck factories; that the
committee secured funds from the
Jewish Cabinet Makers union under
promise that all immigrant cabinet
makers would be put in touch with
the union for jobs and then sent such
cabinet makers to the bosses open
shop employment agency.
The manifesto continues with an
attack on the Jewish bourgeois press,
and more particularly the daily. Die
Yidische zeitung, charged with pub
fishing false reports on the Jewish
workers movement and appealing to
the police to raid union and party
halls.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

boos as Foster introduced the name
of Gompers, with the remark:
Russia has its Lenin; America its
Gompers.
"Gompers has not changed his
mind in forty years." went on Fos-
ter. "Under Gompers' political zero
policy not enough political influence
has been developed to elect a dog
catcher.
eff you have come here in the
spirit of emulation of Lenin's work
you will join the Workers Party. l
hope that this, the greatest meeting
ever held in New York, will triple
the membership of the Workers
Party. Join the party of Lenin and
help forward the revolutionary
movement"
Forward Boyeotts Lenin News.
The gigantic Garden demonstra-
ton evoked news stories and COM
ment in all New York's papers, ex-
cept the Jewish Daily Forward,
which completely ignored the affair.
The New York Times declared that
Foster urged $4,000 people to join
the party of Lenin and further the
work of revolution in the United
States. And the New York World
reported that Madison Square Gar
den glowed red. Packed to limit it
echoed shouts of thousands who
arose to their feet to cheer Chair
man Benjamin Gitlow and the slo-
gan. "Lenin is Dead: Long Live
Leninismw
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07

suppressed and he would be
discredited.
Brewer, in his suit, asked
for an injunction restraining
Secretary of the Treasury Mel
Ion, Attorney-General Daugh-
erty, Under-Secretary of the
Treasury Winston, and acting
Acknowledgement S e y m O u r
from destroying nearly ST.
100000 in duplicate bonds
which, he says, he collected in
his hunt for evidence.
Representative King, Illinois, to-
day announced he will become
party to the suit. Evidence has
been turned over to King which he
says supports Brewers charges that:
Conditions at the bureau of en-
craving in March, 1922, are well
nigh appalling.
All knowledge Suppressed.
knowledge of duplicate bonds
was suppressed by treasury officials
and the secret service.
Half of the surrendered bonds
were destroyed when known to be
duplicates.
Between June 81, 1921, and May
y, 1922, forty-five million bonds,
face value of over $4,000, 900 900,
were destroyed, hundreds of which
were recorded as duplicates.
Bonds issued in packages from
the treasury have been found to
be spurious.
"The president was defed and
this investigation has been thwarted
and nearly blocked by the treasury
department"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
Lou Prices, High
Profits, r ecOrd
of Peoples Mine

BRISBANE, observation-disclosures
the fact that it sold its output at IS
per ton below the price charged by
the private coal barons, the Queens
land state owned coal mine at Bowen
made a profit Of S26,850 for the last
fiscal year. At another state owned
coal mine at Styx river, the output
was sold at So ton cheaper than the
price previously charged by private
coal operators.
The Queensland labor government
is developing other coal mines in the
state, and aims at supplying the
states entire needs from the state
owned mines at less than half the
price previously charged by private
enterprise.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
NO STRINGS TO
RUSS RECOGNITION,
SAYS MAC DONALD

LONDON. - Recognition of
Russia BY Britain IL absolute" said
Premier Ramsay MacDo nald in an
interview today. "There is no
string to IL. We have given Rus
ala our formal recognition. Per-
sonAlly ! object to the use Of LAM
guage which cannot be understood
By the men in the street, but un-
derstAnd that the soviet attaches
some Importance to the use Of the
phrase do jure' and for that rea-
son am willing to subscribe to it,"
He says he wants to make the
league of nations a living force,
with Russia and Germany as MEM
bers.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
Workers VIII Run
Paper that Boss
DrOUe on Rock s

MEXICO CITY.-A new expert
ment in newspaper publishing is be-
ing tried here with Ell Mundo, the
only afternoon daily with the excep-
tion of an illustrated paper. 1t is to
be run as a cooperative by the work
ers who have so far been employed
by it.
The paper began as an anti-labor
sheet, paying reduced wages. 1t
gradually drifted toward the rocks.
AS it was going under, the workers
unionized from the editor to the err
rand boy, took it over as a coopera-
tive enterprise. It's present circula-
tion is only 10000. The workers are
highly enthusiastic about the oppor-
tunity.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
Daugherty's Special Assistant
Feared Attorney General Would
Suppress Duplication of Bonds

WASHINGTON, Feb 6-Whoiesale qualification Of liberty
bonds of every issue since 1918 in the National
ing and Engraving and the implication of many treasury Off
Gals are included in startling charges made by Charles
Brewer special assistant to AorneyGenera Harry Daugh
ery IN suit filed in District of Columbia Supreme Court
Brewer sued after he had charged the Department of
Justice with attempting to seize evidence had collected
personal request of President Coolidge and the late President
Harding.
Feared Suppression.
He declared he had refused to surrender the
TO the Department OF Justice because he feared they would
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-07
DakOta Banker Suicide.

RAPID CITY, S. D. = Harry
Wentz, former president Of the
South Dakota Bankers Association,
committed suicide at his home late
yesterday.
Wentz had been suffering from
a nervous breakdown for the past
year.
Six South Dakota banks of which
he was president were reported in
good condition by examiners today.
Wentz carried 100000 life insur-
ance, police were informed.
An increased DAILY WORKER
circulation means a Stronger labor
movement.