davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-04-27
Mounting Photographs.

PHOTOGRAPHIC prints curl when
they are mounted, because the
moisture on the exposed surface Of
the print evaporates more rapidly
than that on the back, and so causes
shrinkage. That draws the mount
out Of shape. unless it is very heavy.
There are various methods OF over
coming the difficulty. You can soak
the print in a 90 per cent solution
of glycerin and water and then attach
it to the mount by a dab of paste at
each corner, or you can use one OF
the. dry mounting methods.
Coat the back Of the print with
white of egg, place il on the mount
and iron 1t with a hot fiatiron. Moth
ing short of a miracle will get the,
print off again. yet the process will
not curl the thinnest mount. You
can also get good results by dissolv-
ing white shellac in alcohol, and then
painting the back of the prints with
the solution. When the solution is
dry, iron the print as already de-
scribed.
You can buy tissue paper made
especially for mounting, or can pre-
| pare one that will do the work salts
factorily. Make the coating for the
| tissue as follows: Gum sandarac.
three parts: gum copal, one part:
shellac, one part: resin, one part;
alcohol. three parts; spirits of turpen-
tine. three parts. Apply this to the
tissue paper with a brush and let it
| dry.
To mount a print with tissue, lay
| the tissue on the mount and the
| photograph on the tissue and rub the
whole with an iron just hot enough
| to hiss when you touch it with wet
finger
Evening star., 1924-04-27

THERE are between two and three
l. hundred mosques in Constanti-
nople, and the Eamadan ceremonies
In these are most interesting to the
stranger. I witnessed them in the
largest mosque of the world, last
Evening star., 1924-04-27

merchant lost his life through his
love for drink. He had gone into the
interior to buy rugs and had located
in one Of the towns. He got drunk
and his brothers of the mosque called
reform or die, as he was bringing re
proach upon the Mohammedan reli-
sion. lie promised to reform. and did
SO far time. He fell, however, after
few weeks, and it was not long be
fore he discovered that a plot had
been laid to kill him. He again re
pented, renounced his sin in the
mosque and prepared to leave the
town. He took a large amount OF
goods with him and opened business
in another city some miles away.
Here no again took to drinking. and
as soon as he did SO he was assassi
mated. 1t. is supposed that he was
killed by his own mule driver, who
had heard Of his promise to reform,
and killed him for the good Of the
church.
The republican government at An
CORA recently passed a law making IT
an offense to drink. traffic in, or have
in ones possession spirituous liquors.
and the breaking Of this law is to be
punished with fifty lashes. So far
there have been few hoggings for its
infringement, but the people are
heartily in sympathy with the move
ment and offenders will probably be
punished. Tho Turks arc alarmed
at the increased use Of liquors since
the world war. They want prohibi-
tion under the Koran and they will
probably enforce the non-importAtion
of liquors.
The Mohamm edans believe in God
anu the prophets. They look upon
Christ as the great prophet and be
lfeve that Mohammed and Christ will
act together as the judges Of all man
kind at the last day. One Of the
minarets of the noted mosque at
Damascus was built in memory of
Christ. and Damascus is tho most
fanatical of Mohammedan cities
They look upon Adam as pattern
of human perfection and believe that
the Garden OF Eden was originally
located in heaven. When Eve tempt
ed Adam into eating the apple. our
parents were cast out of tho garden
and fell to earth. Adam landed on
mountain in Ceylon and Eve
dropped down near Mecca Adam for
his sin spent 200 years in looking for
Eve and at last found her in Arabia.
where the two lived on a mountain
together until they died. This rnoun-
tain is still known as Adams Mount
The Mohammedans consider Abra-
ham a great prophet. He is called in
the Koran the friend of God. They
call Moses the speaker Of God, and
they have, all told, $4,000 prophets.
The greatest of these are Adam, Abra
ham, Jesus and Mohammed.,
The Koran instnls charity and
brotherly love. 1t prohibits lending
money at interest. and it fixes the
general laws of the Mohammcdan
world. It inculcates BELIZE in q fu-
ture state in the heaven, where each
devout believer shall have four beau
tiful and ever-young naidens to wait
upon him and administer to his wants
1t is, in many of it's chapters. SO much
like the Bible that 1t is believed tax
Mohammed got large part of its
teachings from the scriptures anu
from the Jews. with whom 1t is
known he was acquainted.
Copyright, 1924. Carpenters World Travels.
Evening star., 1924-04-27

night. This was the Mosque of Santa
Sophia. which was built as Chris
tian church in the fourth century,
and which was for ages the finest
Christian church in the world. 1t
took a hundred architects to super
intend it's construction. and ten thou
sand masons worked upon it at the
same time. 1t had doors OF ivory.
amber and cedar, and it's altar was
made of precious stones embedded in
gold and silver II was decorated
with beautiful paintings. which the
Turks destroyed when they took pos
session of Constantinopie, and its
roof has still enough mosaic to car
pet an acre field.
The great temples of antiquity were
robbed to build this church. With
in it there are four pillars OF green
granite. which were taken from the
Temple of Diana at Ephesus, and
there are other columns from the
temples of Thebes. Athens, Rome and
Alexandria. If you will take a two
acre field and plant within it forest
of columns. rooted with dome
bigger and grander than that of the
Capitol at Washington, hang thou
sands of electric lamps in the air be-
tween the dome and the floor. scat
ter richly carved pulpits about vari-
Gus parts of the building. put i'm
mense fountains here and hang gi-
TA,x1 tell, Mt
you may have q hazy idea of how the
Mosque of Santa Sophia looks when
one enters it. You can wander for
hours through the corridors of its
columns. finding new beauties at
every STEP You will note that the
great walls are lined with precious
marbles. and that the corniceS and
friezes of the arches are of gilded
bronze. At night. when the thou
sands Of lamps are turned on. when
great stars of electric fire float in the
air between the dome and the floor,
| when every pillar and every aleove is
ablaze, and when the various galleries
are walled with flame, the wonder of
the mosque takes on q new gran eur,
| which, added to hte picturesqueness
of the worsiipers themselves. makes
| Ramada.n night in Santa Sophia one
| of the greatest sights in the world.
Accompanied by my Mohammedan
guide. and by the liberal use of bak-
sheesh. obtained admission to the
gallery of Santa Sophia last night. 1t
was 9 o'clock when ] arrived and
the acres Of floor below me we're
covered with worshipers. In long
regular lines, sitting on their knees
with their faces toward Mecca, were
at least ten thousand Mohammedans.
In turbans and gowns, with bare or
| stockinged feet, they formed long
lines of curious color on the white
mats away down there under the
floating flames. From the back of
the church came the shrill voice of
the imam who was leading hte de-
| votisn. 1t was wonderful tenor that
penetrated the remotest recesses of
the vast mosque, and in response
these 10000 turbaned men rose and
fell like clockwork in their devo-
tions. They moved as enc man, and
when they sank to their knees the
striking of 10000 legs upon the floor
made a noise like the rumbling of a
cannon in the distance. and when they
bowed their heads to the noof the
sound came up as though it had been
made by the fail OF some great weight
rather than by the touch of 10000
heads. In front Of each worshipef
were placed his shoes, anu at the
Evening star., 1924-04-27

made entirely OF alabaster. much OF
| which is as beautifully veined and as
transparent as Mexican onyx. The
floor of this mosque is carpeted with
elegant Turkish rugs. ] attended ii
one night when the khedive was
among its worshipers. 1t is fair
representative of a great Mohamme-
dan place of worship.
l have visited other great mosques
of the world, have watched the
Mohamm edans praying in the holy
city of Kairouan, in Tunisia, have
been put out of their churches in Mo-
rocco and have photographed follow
ers of the prophet on their way to
worship in Peking. Some Of the
largest mosques are in India, and 1T
was in the great mosque at Delhi that
1 saw, after the priest had opened
casket after casket a little box in
which, as the greatest of treasures,
one of the red hairs of the mustache
of the Prophet Moha1nmed is kept.
The mosque of Omar. which stands
upon the site of Solomons Temple in
Jerusalem, contains the great rock
upon which. Abraham was about TO
sacrifice Isaac when the Lord held
his hand. In that rock is hole which
the AIoslems say was made by the
heel of Mohamn1ed when the angels
took him up and carried him to
heaven. Mohammed was standing on
that as he started to rise, it clung
to his heel until he gave jerk and
escaped. ! can verify this, for have
put my hand in the hole.
There is a similar tradition regard
ing one of the slabs of marble in
Santa Sophia. This slab has the i'm
print OF gigantic hand. It looks as
though a giant had slapped it With
his fingers outstretched and made an
impression as though the marble were
wax. I was shown this print by my
guide, who told me that Mohamme ed
II, conqueror of Constantinople in
1853, had pressed his hand on the
wall and that the mark thus shows
today.
CANTA~ SOPHIA is museum OF
~ wonders. 1t has one pillar which
weeps. There is a finger hole in the
marble which is always moist, and
this spot is said to be good for sore
eyes. The Mohammedans who have
pink eye come here to be cured.
|. The books of Santa Sophia are now
being catalogued. | am told that the
mosque has 5,5a2 volumes, nearly
every one written by hand. 1 was
shown one as thick as my finger and
the size of a sheet of note paper. con-
tanning the Koran beautifully illumi-
mated. Every page is covered with
drawings. and the work must have
taken Almost lifetime. The book is
said to be more than thousand
years old, and Selin, my guide, told
me it was worth $4,000.
The Mohammedan religion, as it is
observed in the real Mohammedan
countries, has more good in 1t than
most Christians imagine. It's feilow-
ers are human beings. They are not
savases, and some of the regulations
of the church are such that we might
follow them with profit. Prohibition
has been one of the tenets of the
Mtha mmedan religion from the be-
ginning. The Koran prohibits the
drinking or spirituous liquors. and
the Mohammedans, where they have
not been contaminated by our cisili-
zation, are total abstainers. There is
no such thing as. the bootlegger In
such countries. The people not only
abstain themselves, but they keep
their neighbors from drinking. I was
told last night how a Constantinople
Evening star., 1924-04-27
BY FRANK G.. CARPENTER.

Constantinople, 1924.
~ ONSTANTINOPLE Is now in
the midst Of the month of
Y Ramadan and the whole city
is celebrating the Moham-
medan Lent Since the establishment
of the republic the religious fervor
! of the Turks has been on the in
! crease. All modern innovations are
now jealously watched and every one
is expected to prove by his actions
that he is q true follower of the
prophet. Just now the cookshops of
Stamboul are closed for the day for
! lack of custom. and of the million
/ Turkish men, women and children in
this city not one is eating anything
| from sunrise to sunset. They do not
drink a drop of water during the day,
and the more devout do not even
swallow their spittle. The Turks are
| the most inveterate of smokers, and
! they like also to titillate their nos
| trils with snuff and crafty them with
perfumes. During this month of
| Ramadan they do not smoke during
/ the day and they abstain entirely
from snuff and the altar of roses.
| This is so not only in CONSTANT
nople. but throughout the Moham
medan world. As L write more than
| 200, 100000 Mohammedan stomachs.
scattered from the countless villages
of India and the wilds of north China.
! to Persia and Arabia and the tropical
regions of Africa. are bowling with
hunger. More than 200. 900. 900 parch-
ed tongues are scraping the dry roofs
of over 200. 100000 mouths, and more
than 400,000,000 eyes are longing to
see the sun set. The moment that it
drops beyond the western horizon
these millions will grab the food that
has been prepared for them, and for
| the next hour or SO the fasting will
he turned into feasting.
The nights of Constantinople are
now nights of revelry The Koran
allows the Turk in Lent to eat what
he pleases after sunset and he gorges
himself all night to make up for the
fast of the day. The city is then
lighted and crowds throng the
! streets. Every cafe and eating house
is open and the lemonade peddler and
sweetmeat man are out in their
glory. During Ramadau the Turks
give many dinner parties. Such as
are wealthy enough to do without
work stay up the whole night in
order that they may the better sleep
through the fasting hours of the NOR
row.
Night is the time for religious OBJ
servances as well as for pleasure.
There are now services in all the
mosques every evening and every man
goes to prayers. The mosques are
Illuminated. and the hundreds of
minarets that rise high above the
somber city of Stamboul are girdled
with electric lights, and between
fire. made by stringing countless in
candescent lamps upon wires. Here
is one composed of gigantic letters
forming the word Allah" the Turk
ish word for God. Farther over is
another representing a cannon 100
feet long. and between the towers
Of a third mosque hang a mammoth
star and crescent Of flame.
| X x
THERE are between two and three
hundred mosques in Constafti-
nople, and the RamadAn ceremonies
In these are most interesting to the
stranger. I witnessed them in the
Largest mosque of the world, last
-
Evening star., 1924-04-27

Speaking of the Mohammedan OBJ
servance of religious duties, all OF
the new government officials keen
Ramadan. When / called upon the
governor of Constantinople in the
sublime Porte. which contains tho
great government Offices, did not see
a single clerk smoking or drinking
coffee. Tho governor, who is one of
the leading men Of the new Turkey.
asked me if ! would not smoke and
i, thinking nothing of Ramadan, as
sented. When the tobacco came in
I asked him why he did not take a
cigarette. He replied that it was
against the rules of his religion to
smoke during the day in Ramadan.
Thereupon l refused to smoke and.
on the same ground, would not drink
the coffee which was afterwa rd
brought in to me.
In calling at a big Mohammedan
university, which is in the English
quarter of Constantinopc, at noon the
other day 1 found the class rooms
deserted and the professors absent,
and was told that it being Ramadan,
the pupils were trying to sleep
through the day in order to get rid
of the fast.
THIS fast of Ramadans is most
severe on the laboring classes of
the Turks. Forced to work in the
hot sun all day without food. they
become almost fannished by sunset,
and their eyes sometimes bulge from
the sockets as they watch the ap-
proach of evening. The Turks are
inveterate smokers. and L observe
their desire for the cigarette or the
water pipe often sufpasses their
longing for food. At about the time
for the firing of the evening gun, if
you will stand upon the bridge at
Constantinople, you may see hun
dreds Of boatmen with matches in
their hands and cigarettes held up
ready to be lighted the moment the
cannon is heard You will also see
their food before them, but one sell
dom sees them touch either before
the gun goes off. \ Mohammedan
who would eat publicly during Ram
adam would be sure to lose caste with
his fellows.
The Turks read the Moran fully as
much as we read the Bible. 1t is a
common sight in going through the
bazaars to see q man reading the
Koran to his friends Nearly every
merchant has copy beside him, and
one secs dozens of merchants read
ing to themselves during the inter-
sultans. where these royal dead lie
in marble sarcophagi inside fences
of silver, their korans are preserved
with them. / looked over several VOL
umes of the finest of these the other
day. The guide in charge, whose
hands are washed before taking in
any party, will not permit a Chris
tian to touch them, but he turns the
pages and shows you. their beauties.
They are as fine as any of the won
detful manuscripts made by the
monks of the middle ages. and they
are painted by hand upon parchment.
The average Mehammedan ruler has
much better knowledge of his Bible
than our presidents or the kings of
Europe have of the Scriptures. Tewfik
Pasha, one of the khedives of Egypt.
once told me he could recite the Koran
from one end to the other. The
churches of the Mohammedans, known
as mosques, are the finest buildings
of the east, and they rank among the
great architectural structures of the
world. There is a mosque in Cairo
that covers more than an acre. 1t is
Evening star., 1924-04-27
Death Knell.

Bellhop (after guest has rung for
ten rninutes)--Did you ring, sir?
Guest-No, was tolling. I thought
you were dead.
Evening star., 1924-04-27

we shoot while fruits, flowers, ferns,
palums. cactus. architecture, wine ad-
vertisements, dark-eyed ladies, hotels
and other natural curiosities rosh by
us in a remarkabillious scramble of
mixed beauty.
Around one bow-legged curve we
collapsed against another sled in
which two (2) Ladies from Michigan
was also having d downfall We hit
them with such n tense axplosion that
one of those Ladies' lost quart Of
jewelry which fall click click all over
hard stones.
tAxcuse it. Mrs. Madam" l ho1la
when passing, you have lost your
pearls
''Those is not pearls she guggle.
They are teeth"
y :: x =
VET downly. downly we swished.
faster than Henry Ford going to
a fire. At another curve we stroked
a tree full of pink blossoms and
Howeveriy, our Portuguese Pirate do
not care. He knew that his son.
Eczemo. would pick them UP and sell
them to the next Towerists that come
slipping by.
At lastly we arrive down to the
picturesque curio stores of F'unchal
where the Americans was buying
Evening star., 1924-04-27
Japanese Schoolboy at "Madiera"
Passengers Jump Overheard In Scramble for Wine
Nv WALLACE IRWIN.

Aboard S. S. "Resolute" now begin
ming to stagger out to sea Again.
To Editor-
IN EAREST SIR: This morning
before the sun got out Of
bed all Around the World
cruisers tto include me and
>"so was up on Deck gazing like
lovers at smallish, slightly tropick
lA4ahd what had got in our way dur
ing sleep. At first glimpse this Hon.
ISiano do not seem to have something
peculiar about him. axcept that he
are miles wide and 8 miles high.
IN It's sharp top side it are trimmed
with a Hotel, which set there, pre-
tending it did not see us comeing.
Which side are that Island ono"
require one fatty Towerist from Oma-
haha.
The Port side" report one famus
money manufacturer from Cinnci-
naughty, O-Hio. ''lf yeu do not be-
Heve ii, smell all the bottles from
shore"
In MADEIRA, say "A wealthy stock
breaker from y. Y, wine that taste
IKE Mable syrup, yet got a kick like
flock of shotguus, can be purchased
for Is a qrt''
At those excitable words. Mr.. Editor
passengers tboth SEX jump over
bored & try to walk ashore. BY seez-
ing Nogi around knock [ save him
from that fatal hop-not because I
want to keep him much but because
J do not wish to have him get there
s1rr
At lastly the Life Boats was 1unched
snto the sea, flying the Portuguese
Tag to show that we was friendly
Americans Gncluding Japanese) wish
1ns to change our money into the
Guaint but worthless coinage of that
Houry lie.
At tho wharf we was met by the
entire population of Finchal Ca city)
vho greet us with the MI. Salute,
which consist of holding out the right
hand, wiggling the fingers slightly.
while offering the NIL War-Cry,
Gimme nickle." Then come the
Sladdy onrush of brite-faced school
children to shower us with blossoms
Oh, Solly! Mr.. Editor, was you ever
stroked in the eye with a tropical
cabbage rose, then charged Is for it,
That are the rule of the Island. If
anything hits you, you are Supposed
TO pay for it Before the Battle of
he F'iours was over l thanked my
Japanese gods that the swathy in
habitants of MADEIRA do not know
how to throw piannas.
The two t21 principle products of
MADEIRA, Mr.. Editor. are Wine & Hal.
The Wine are raise by the Portu-
geese and the Hal are raised by the
American towerists. | had not been
walking on MADEIRA moro than Is
minutes before a sort of walnut per
son who say he was a Guide come
Up. When he say he would took me
10 Winery l knew he was Guide
and permit him to do SO. At the
Winery a philantropicle gentleman.
who look like Jno. u. Rockefeller
after he is baked. tell me | could
walk among the bottles & taste each
enc until knew which ono ! prefer
] taste 19 varieties. Mr.. Editor & at
the end Of that time | tell him l
were too confused to remember the
n r,f those
Evening star., 1924-04-27
THERE are something about Ma

THERE are something about Ma
diera that make me dizzy. Per
lapsly it are the recklus behavior
OF the hiliswhich tip up 50 steel
that one edge seems to he tackled
10 the sea beach &; the other to the
%rd floor of heaven. That whole
place are trimmed with moss. fruit
fours, rubber plants. castus & dark
eyed stingoritas. 1t look just like
Paradise shooting the shoots
And how do YOU Suppose those Por-
tugoosc natives gets from places to
places when they go? You will call
me Tyre when l tell you this truth.
They travel in sleds. by golly.
Axually. If you do not believe me-
ask Nogi who was there to see All
the kobble-StoneS on those streets are
covered with Portugoose-gr grease so
thick that persons can slay-ride by
hftching bulls to their slays / am
telling you something that Guide
would charge you IS for and get it
wrong
And now l shall tell you some ad-
ventures.
ON the top edge of MADEIRA there
are a RESTRAINT called La F,splanada
This place are the First Chance Sa-
loon for Americans going east. First
thing off the boat all Americans go
up TO La Esplanada in fox just to
see how a place looks where the
walters don't have to serve wine in
teacups. Banzai, That are a happy
spot so tall up in the air that folks
can see Hon. Atlantick Ocean 100
miles on all hands. After Iunching
NoGi saw two go Atlantick Oceans
and saw three go.
But how to get down again from
there when you are up so tall in
mountins? While standing befront Of
La Esplanada, observing all those
+aggy hills, covered with pink blooms
like a very expensive funeral, switch
my eyes to Cousin Nogi and ask TO
know:
"Nogi,'' I say so. that are the
sharpest looking landscape ! ever did
observe. 1t are covered with VOL
canoes, Alps and other natural annoy
ances How shall we ascend down in
time to catch the goodship Resolute
before he sail away for Gibraltar"
1--WE can slide down." narrate Nogi
baffably.
I'm my toxic candition," 7 peruse,
II could not slide straight to save my
reputation"
"Ahw he renig- you do not unstand
customs of this Country. Here it are
fashionable to slay-ride through sum
1ner scenery until you reach bottom
of bill"
And surely enough, Mr.. Editor, SO
ii were! For in back alley of that
restaurant there we find Portu-
goose Pirate with a Bob sled COM
posed of slippery bobble-stones.
"Dolce far niente." he say-so, which
are the lokaI ianguadge for Pay AS
You Enter. Therefore we do SO. And
what you Suppose happen then? Slips.
Slides. Down we start with a sort of
fan-tan movement, resembling a
mother elephant on skis. Downly,
downly we scoot along a road that
were the shape of a rattlesnake en-
Toying rheumatism of the tail. AT
every corner Hon. Portuguese Pirate
kick Hon. Sled to make him go faster.
Which were unnecessary.
Togo gol1up Nogi, "how do you
} say Slow Up Please in the native
diaieckt?"
"Bivoi" 7 holla at that strong
nusher. But the more I said 1T the
:swiftsr he got. He we're very fast
paan- Around curves bends and knots