Evening star., 1924-05-26


nations, and that there should be
certain changes in the organization
and election Of the justices of the
court. The diplomatic representa-
protocol shall serve, according to the
Lenroot plan, as electors of the JUS
tees hereafter, in place of election by
the council and assembly of the
league.
May s. Senator Swanson, Demo-
crat. of Virginia offered a resolution
adhering to the court on IAN equal
ity Of other states, members respec-
lively of the league of nations
recognizing and acting with, the
hesion shall not be taken to involve
any legal relation to the league"
On the same date Senator Lodge,
Republican. of Massachusetts, pro
posed a plan wholly separate from
the league of nations. This court
would be chosen by an electoral COM
mission. composed of representatives
designated by the signatory powers.
together with special committee
re presenting the five great powers.
permanent judges and four deputy
judges, the deputies to sit In place or
any absent Judge. The United states 8
would reserve freedom OF control OF
immigration laws and OF the monroe
doctrine, and all domestic ques-
tions."
X =
Senator Peppers resolution was
adopted by the foreign relations COM
mittee with the supporting votes OF
Senator's Lodge and Lenroot, but the
opposition of Senator Hiram johnson,
Republican, and the Democratic SEN
I tors Swanson, Pittman, Robinson, Un-
derwood and Walsh of Montana. In
substance, it is as follows:
1t accepts the present league Court
of International Justice as the start,
but opening the protocol to all ma
tions for acceptance. This opening
to all nations includes all which are
now members of the league of ma
tions. as we'll as those outside the
league-all to join as individual ma
tions. regardless of their league anil
iations.
Whenever vacancies occur in the
personnel of the court (article Wild
Representatives of all signatories to
this protocol shall ballot as
an electoral assembly. The states
named in the Versailles treaty as the
principal allied and associated pow
ers, together with such flve OF the
other signatory states as shall be Sc
lected by the signatories, shall baliot
as q separate electoral council, In
electing Judges. "Not more than one
vote shall be cast in either the as
sembly or council by the British en- :.
pire and the states included therein
The judge elected must receive a ma
jority OF votes cast in each body
the assembly and the council voting
separately.
trine is expressed. and a third inter
national conference, similar TO The
Hague conferences of 1899 and 1907, is
recommended. not later than 1926, for
purposes which shall include the CIV
the committee Of jurists re-
garding the Qualification and further
development of international law and
the codiffcation thereof"
r r.
While the United States has been
deliberate in accepting any plan pro-
posed for a world court of interna
tional justice, history proves that the
idea is truly American in principle.
1t had first been tried in ancient
Greece between her tribes. The Rom
an empire enforced peace amongst
its conquered states, spreading the
pax Romano" by both Roman arms
and laws. In the time Of Charlie
magne there was the Holy Roman
empire, dividing the known world
into parts and enforcing peace-by
power. Then came the papal procla-
nation of the Truce of God'-special
periods when there were to be no
state or private" wars between feu-
dal states. and even duels were pc
nalized with communication, if
fought in these special periods. The
grand design" of Henry w and his
Minister Sully formed federation of
Europe to maintain peace. All these
broke down in time. Next came the
Balance of Power" and the Con
cert of Europe"-broken by the world
war
Upon this continent, the Articles of
Confederation, between the thirteen
colonies were truly an international
agreement (for the states were inde-
pendent units), with the United
States Supreme Court (not the pre-
sent court of the Constitution) as the
international arbiter. The greatest
success in modern times is the Pan
American Union, together with the
Monroe doctrine.
Let us have peace"' said the great
est militarist of the present age, Gen.
Grant, as he handed back the sword
which had fought for the Confeder-
acy, and bade the defeated veterans
take their army horses back to their
fields.
Copyright. 1924, by Paul V. COlllnsl