davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Frances Presidential Crisis.

BY coincidence of no significance
France passes into presidential crisis
just at the time that in this country
the party of the administration is in
session to name candidates for the
highest federal Offices. In France the
procedure Of election is much briefer
than here. Yesterday Alexander Mil.
ierand, in communication which
could not possibly have been more
terse and explicit, rendered his resigna-
ton, Day after tomorrow his success
sor will be elected and installed in
Office. The whole process will cover
only four, days: The American presi.
dental campaign viii last Eve months.
Millerand resigns because OF an ad-
verse vote in the Chamber Of Deputies
and the Senate. He does not 80 will
ingly, but in view of that vote he can
not remain in ONCE. A majority OF the
Parliament demands his removal from
Office. He could, constitutionally, re-
main to fill oct his term of seven
years. But short Of q new election
and the return OF favorable majority
he could not secure the organization
Of q ministry. Chaos would result.
His resignation is a move for the es-
adjustment Of orderly government in
France.
Under the constitution Of 1875 the
president ~ irresponsible, save for an
act of high treason. he IL given the
preroeative Of Initiating laws concur.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Street Car Traffic.

", A, drop in street car travel for May,
1924, compared with May, 1923, is re-
ported by both electric traction sys-
TENS. There was a falling off of 440,-
SS42 passengers on the Washington
Railway and Electric and 543,447 on
the Capital Traction. The decrease is
mot large when measured against the
Aotal of more than 10000, 900 pas
sengers for the month, but it is sig
snifcant, nevertheless. p
There has been a large increase in
the number of automobiles owned in
Washington and the Maryland sub
urbs over teae number owned last year,
and one new machine carrying four
passengers downtown in the morn
ing and four home in. the afternoon
bmay reduce the number OF street car
Passengers by eight, and to multiply
!, that by the number of working days
I'm the month makes its hole in the
street car traffic returns. The number
/ Of new machines and the growth Of
the habit of going downtown in a
friends car ought to account for some
Srednotien in street car traffic. 1t
ought to be noted also that May had
: an extraordtnary. number ct rainy
Evening star., 1924-06-11
POLAR FLYERS DEFY
,SUPERSTITI0N'S JINx
international Grew to Start Dash
to North Pole on Fri
day, June 13.
AMERICAN IS IN VENTURE
Airmen Are Ready to Kill Seals
if Food Runs Out.
By HIRAM X. MoDERwELL.

By HIRAM X. MoDERwELL.
BY Radio to The Star and the Chicago Daily
News Copyright, 1924.
ROME, June 11.-Scorning super
stition, the aviators of the Amundsen
expedition, including American Lieut.
Ralph Dawson, are starting flight
for the north pole from Pisa next
Friday, the 18th.
For two months their larger Dor
nier whale al1-metal hydroplanes,
equipped with snow skids, have been
under construction tests in the fac
tory situated on the seashore near
Pisa, which specializes in this type OF
| flyer.
The date of departure has been
postponed several times recently, be-
| cause of delay in construction of the
last machine and a misunderstSnding
with the Italian government concern
| ing the status of the Italian plane
| accompanying the expedition.
Amundsen Honors American.
Lieut.. Dawson. whose home is il
| St Louis and who, during the war.
was commander of a subn1a rim q
chaser was named by the Navy De
| partment at the invitation of Amund
sen, who wished thus to express his
I appreciation for the financial aid re
ceived FROM Americans. Locateili
| pilot of the Italian plane, which Pre-
mier Nussolini gave the expedition.
has earned fame by flying over the
/ Andes.
LARSEN. chief pilot, is Lieutenant
| in the Norwegian navy. The planes
will fly northward to Spitzbergen in
1 u
| eral weeks in final tests before at
! tempting the apparent miracle OF fly
\ ing across the pole directly to the
| north coast of Alaska, distance OF
1.700 miles in planes capable OF car
| rying only sufficient gas for 1900
miles.
Amundsen expects to perform the
| miracle by means of relay system,
Several hundred miles out one plane
will give its superfiuous gas 10 the
other two. and then will settle down
on the ice and serve as a radio sta
ton to the expedition. returning later
to Spitzbergen. Further along the
second plane will do the same; while
the third plane, presumably the Nor
wegian machine piloted by LARSEN,
will proceed alone 20 Alaska.
VIII Garry Little Food.
Thus the pilots. who for weeks
have been accumulating calories by
swimming in the warm Mediterra-
mean and basking in the hot Italian
sun. will face a lonely vigil in the
midst of an ocean of ice. Food and
other supplies which can be carried
on planes necessarily is limited
| hence If calculations should go
| wrong. the stranded aviators might
be obliged to depend On seal shoot
| ing for an indefinite time.
Our ammunition is our only rea!
food" said one aviator to the writer
The scientific value of the expedi-
| ton is debatable. Its most probable
utility would be in tracing short
air route from Europe to America
which might be practicable if new
inventions increased the range and
reliability of airplanes. Not much
land remains TO be discovered. The
unknown region lies chiefly between
the pole and Alaska Amundsen has
offered to recognize Amer rican ma
tionaI1ts for any land discovered by
Lieut.. Dawson personally. but the
whole question seems obscure in in
ternational law.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

days and no doubt they caused a
decrease in the number Of shoppers
who use the cars in the daytime and
the number of people making social
visits end going to amusements at
night.
One might also consider that per-
haps not so many persons are en-
ployed downtown" as last spring. No
statistics are available, and probably
would not be worth much II they were,
but we know that in war time and
during the period following the armi-
stice and peace nearly everybody who
wanted a Job had one and each new
jobholder at a rough and easy esti-
mate meant to the traction companies
two fares a day. Jobs are still nu-
merous, but they are not calling to
all the members Of every family as
loud as they called three or four years
ago. 1t is possible that there has
been some Stacking up in the de-
mand for employees since May, 1928.
Toward the close Of that month some
strangers were coming to Washing
ton to be in time for the Shrine con-
vention and carnival, and there was
great deal Of going to and fro by
our own population in making ready
for the affair. 1t is likely that many
fares were dropped in the street car
boxes by people making ready for
Shrine week or coming downtown to
see how the preparations were pro-
ceeding.
Street car traffic has its "bulges"
and ''depressions" as has steam rail-
road traffic. The population Of Wash
ington will grow and automobile travel
during rush hours has become so
difficult that many men who own
private cars are using street cars to
get to and from Office and the shop.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Substantive Law Should Govern

In its legal aspects the matter Of the
prospective deficiency in the appro
priation to pay the salaries Of the
teachers, firemen and policemen OF
the District is really quite simple
Congress has appropriated for the
maintenance of theE District during
the ensuing fiscal year, naming GER
tain sums for the three departments
with others. Subsequent to the pas
sage of that bill substantive legisla
ton was enacted, in two bills, estab
l;shing new rates Of pay for the teach
ers. f1remen and policemen. Those
new rates are established by law. The
fact that the specific appropriation tc
pay school. fire and police department
salaries for the fiscal year is not suf
ficient to meet acquisitions for the en-
tire year at the new rates does not
lessen the force of the fact that Con
gress has established those new rates
The law states the rates in the new
terms. The appropriation law provides
for them in the old terms. But the ap
preparation law is not written in terms
of monthly payments. 1t authorizes a
years payment. Which will govern
the appropriation law or the two
salary laws?
In these circumstances it is plain
that no strain is required for a ruling
that the substantive law governs
That is a specific mandate. 1t grants
specific rights Of compensation. II
sets the scale. If enough money has
not been voted in the appropriation
act to meet that scale for twelve
months obviously a deficiency will be
created il the salaries are paid at the
new rates. That has happened before
Deficiencies are constantly occurring
Indeed Congress recognized that a de
ficiency would be created in the appro
priation by reason of the change in
the pay scales of these three depart
ments. and it moved to provide against
it by passing deficiency bill granting
funds sufficient to meet the drafts
Only by the chance OF controversy
over another item in that bill, not re.
lated to the District in any way. was
the measure defeated. Another hour
or two, perhaps, and it would have
become law.
The President has asked the director
Of the budget to search for funds
wherewith to insure the payment OF
these people at the new scale. and sc
prevent the injustice and hardship OF
their failure to receive even as much
money as formerly. 1t is not neces
sary to search far. The money is pro.
vided in the appropriation act. and
should be used as far as it will go, to
be supplemented by deficiency ap
preparation when Congress reassem
bIes. That is the simple and direct
and, in fact, the entirely legal way to
meet this emergency. Let it be hoped
that 1t will be so ordered.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Radio for the Shut-Ins.

Radio enthusiasts. knowing the de-
gree Of pleasure that is derived from
their sets at home, should be eager
to aid in the provision Of equipment
for the unfortunates who are shut in
doors and have no means to secure ap-
paratus for themselves. There is in
progress a contribution OF funds and
materials for extending this comfort
to these people. The Star. is daily re.
ceiving cash and orders for sets and
parts of equipment for distribution.
The people Of Washington are re-
spending generously to the appeal.
But more funds are required if the
work is to be carried on tc full sue
cess.
A few weeks ago funds were provid.
ed for the equipment OF the soldiers
hospitals with radio sets. Washington
did its part splendidly then. Now for
the civilian invalids, the elders who
cannot leave their houses, who sit
alone and wait for release from their
sufferings. 10 whom little pleasure
ever comes. With just small sum of
money. compared with the Joy that
win be given in consequence. they can
be put in touch with the world, can
be treated to the music that flows
daily through the air. can hear i'm.
portant addresses.
Let The Star shut-in radio fund
grow rapidly. There is no more worthy
charity than this, which has for its
object the Frightening Of the dull lives
Of the helpless:
Evening star., 1924-06-11

tutional separation of the executive
and Legislative branches. but the fact
that the President and the majority
of Congress bear the same party
designation and will seek reelection
on the same ballots. complicates the
possibility OF obtaining q mandate
from the people"
x +
Warm praise is uttered by the st.
Louis Post-Dispatch (ndependent)
for the Presidents announcement
that he will try to reach an agree
nent with the states on tax-exemp-
tion policies, because '-the crossing
of state and federal taxes has be-
come a serious burden since the fed
eral government has been given the
heritance.' Even though the Mil
waukee Journal independently feels
the Pre- sident's prestige suffered" be-
cause Congress rejected the Mellon
plan, it holds that .'he went farther
than most Presidents in outlining
tax bill" and the Journal also points
out that "the Democrats played poll
tics" with the bill, as was inevitable"
Arguing from the Democratic
viewpoint, the Atlanta Journal (Dem
ocratic) declares defects the bill
doubtless has. but they are, at worst.
mere freckles as compared with the
grave fnjustices of the Mellon plan."
This is very much the opinion Of the
Richmond News-Leader Qndependent
Democratic), which feels .4never was a
President called upon to sign a meas
ure that represented less the views
OF himself and of his party" The
new law impresses the Lynchburg
News (Democratic) as "an experi-
, ment whose results will be watched
With eager and widespread atten-
The President would have gained
the Newark News Independently. and
the President takes what he can get
and prepares on the instant to drive
for law that shall be fairer in it's
application of the taxing burden, and
by stimulation to broader invest
ment OF capital and the tightening Of
the price that has to be paid for OBJ
in living costs by which all OF US
will benefit" Agreeing that IL he is
returned to the White House "Presi-
dent Coolidge will be in a position
to demand a further revision in taxa
tion." the Brooklyn Eagle undepend-
ent Democratic) suggests whether
the alignment of parties and factions
in the House and the Senate. Con-
gress divided, as the present Congress-
is divided, will not help the taxpay-
ers to saner measure of relief" 1t
should also be remembered. the Co
lumbus Dispatch Independently holds,
Of work. undoubtedly will do more
good than harm and has moro justice
than injustice Ia It"
Evening star., 1924-06-11

rently with the members Of the two
chambers. He promulgates the laws
may dissolve the Chamber Of Deputies
before its legal term on the advice Of
the Senate, may adjourn the sittings
of both houses for month, has the
right Of pardon and the disposal Of the
armed forces, receives foreign repre-.
sentatives and, under certain limita
tions, may ratify treaties. But he may
not take part as a partisan in the
political affairs of the country.
1t is charged by the Socialists, who
command a majority in Parliament,
that Millerand has co-operated with
Poincare in the political administra.
ton. This is not an impeachabie of.
tense, but the French chambers by q
more direct method than that Of i'm,
parchment have ousted the executive
by voting a reputation. The presi
dent does not question the procedure
He resigns forthwith.
The election process is simple. The
two chambers meet in Joint session
and vote. Candidates are nominated
by caucus. In the present juncture
Paul Painleve il the nominee of Ger.
tain groups Of Socialists and. at the
immediate situation, appears to be the
destined candidate Of the majority. II
he is elected, and perhaps in any
event. Herriot. leader Of the Socialists
will assume the premiership. which he
has heretofore declined under the Nil
lerand presidency. France will pass
under a Socialist government. And al
within a week.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

ing the Republicans In fact. II Is
too early in the spring for the DON
ming Of prophets robes.
X y
Senator Hiram w. johnson is fire.
ouently discussed by Republicans. but
not in an overunkindly way. Surprise
is expressed that he criticized the
administration and President in such
vigorous terms, but there is gratifi
cation over his silence since the end
of his campaign for tho nomination
and hope that he is not getting ready
to make any trouble for the ticket
in the coming campaign for the
election.
In every convention there is an
element of auiescent delegates who
DO not profess initiative nor desire
to apply, but are content to leave the
disposition of events to the elder
their decisions. There is an unusu-
ally large quota of this class in this
convention maintaining that attitude
toward the vice presidential nomina-
tion.
The leaders realize this, and ap-
probation of this fact stimulated eff
forts earlier in the week for a get
together of the topliner leaders to
try to agree upon a man for Vice
President before the undecided bloc
should become too restless and threat
en- to take the convention in hand and
start som mething."
The newspaper correspondents, for
their part, hoped that somebody
would start something and turn on
the fireworks. For the first few days
OF their arrival they found the con
ventton preliminaries deadly dull in
contrast with 1920. There wasn't
any tabasco sauce anywhere. They
felt as though they were grinding
On their own beef bones" as is said
In the Navy.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Asks Jefferson Statue.
Resident Cites Third President
Interest in ID. c.
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
Ono of the chief attractions of
Washington are the numerous artls-
tic monuments that grace its public
parks and streets, which have been
erected in memory of noted Ameri-
cans; but, singularly, no memorial 20
the memory of our third President
and author of the Declaration OF In
dependence is Found among those et-
fective reminders of distinguish"
services rendered the nation by patri-
otic Americans. The absence OF su'h
a memorial is often commented "h
by visitors to this city.
Jefferson was not only an aegrc"-
siye national patriot durlnG ",
formative period of our country: nu
he was also a devoted frleno OF N
District of Columbia, ana
Interested himself in all efforts 1905
ing to the development OF the cltI
of of-washington when in Congress ana
while serving his term as Presidehj
of the United States.
with the exception OF Georee
washington, and John Quincy Ada ms.
possibly, none Of our Presidents tooh
= greater interest in District analrS
than did Thomas Jefferson. and tnere-
fore O suitable memorial to his mem :
ory should be proHlHtht
the adornment of the. city. His in
fiuential admirers should lntereS.
themselves in this behalf. And TINS
is an opportune moment Tor pu.tn;s
forth the effort, while his oid hisLorie y
home. the famous Monticello, is SO
prominent in the public mind. -.
Thomas Jefferson served as Presl-
dent Washington's Secretary OF state
whfie Alexander Hamilton was ms
Senretary of the Treasury; and ! have
often thought that a memorial to the
former should be erected in front OF
tba south entrance TO the State De
partment similar. to that OF the lat.
s~,,,h nntra nee to the Treasury build
ins both on Executive avenue:
i"e' GEORGE SIMMONS.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

The consideration asserts itself that
the vice presidency is after all very
large office, and one requiring a man
of big qualities, even though he may
not be called upon to keep them con-
tinuously on display.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Having no need for it in his own i'm.
mediate plans, Senator La Toilette is
perfectly willing to have as much Of
the convention spotlight as possible
turned on Mr.. Daugherty and Mr..
Fall.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Friends of Mr.. Lodge win not be
surprised if his absence from author
ity causes a few of the convention
documents to prove inferior in the
matter Of literary finish.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

1t was previously remarked that the
Cleveland convention was all over ex-
cept the shouting; some of which the
Wisconsin delegation decided to do.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Illinois has decided to assert herself
as one of the states that have a great
deal to say in matters Of national poll
tics.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Cleveland is being pointed to with
pride as town that can be commend
ed to public attention as uncompromis-
ingly dry for one week at least.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Chicago craftsmanship has decided
to get the big town away from this
psychopathic chatter fer awhile and
make it talk straight politics.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Observation should enable CASTOR
Means to produce a pretty interesting
detective book; unless he allows some.
body to steal his notes.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
In a Few Words.

A university should be primarily a
place of learning and educ8tion where
whatever propaganda may occur is
by opposing propaganda.
BERTRAND RUSSELL.
When a German displays will he
does something stupid and violent,
and when he displays intelligence he
does nothing at all.
HI. G.. WELLS
Ny husband longs to return to the
Fatherland, but he thinks there is no
chance to do so. think likewise.
PRINCESS HERMINE (ex-kaiser's
Wife,.
!: On what is wasted IN New York in
one day at the table our little vii.
iage OF OberammerEAu, with ft1 100
people, could BE- fed and sustained
for q ysAs. ANTON LANG.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Rights.

Where are you going, my pretty
maidr'
I'm going a-heckiing. sir" she said.
But you've plenty Of rights. you must
agree"
ITO heckie is one of them, SIR" said
she.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

The word progressive" has been
made to cover a multitude of widely
divergent political impulses.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANpER JOHNSON.

From Washington to Cleveland.
The old town seems deserted
That was tuneful and SO gay,
When the intellectuals flirted
With opinions day by day.
The speech once so persistent
That our leaders loved to make
Comes in echoes, faint and distant,
From the City by the Lake.
No more the veto rumbles
Down the stately Avenue.
No resolution tumbles,
OF a sudden, out OF view.
Headquarters Of the nation
A new arrangement make,
And we get our information
From the City by the Lake.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Hay Impression.

Are you a member OF the old
guard?"
"How do L know?" answered Sena.
tor Sorghum. "As far as have been
able to observe old guard isn't an or.
ganization. It's only an epithet."
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Jud Tunkins says some men retire
from politics and others fall out OF a
berth.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Contented Patriot.

His eye is bright. His step is gay.
He hurries to the scene OF nay.
You are = candidate said.
He smiled at me and shook his head;
Enchanting, "Honors insecure
Are not for me. Ny luck is sure.
I've solved q problem very hard
And landed an admission card"
'I likes eontentment," said Uncle
Eben, but de man who says every.
thing in dis world Is pufncixiy all right
is simply too lazy 10 take notice.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Swift Penalty.

did that crowd punish the boot.
logger they caught at Snake Ridge?"
They sure did," answered Cactus
Joe. "They took his last drop Of Ticker
away from him.
Evening star., 1924-06-11
Simple Enough.

Simple Enough.
The delegate was light and gay.
Said he, II know my book.
An that I have to do today
Is get my picture took
Evening star., 1924-06-11

@. How did the material called
tweed get its name?-M. B.
A This soft, flexible wool material
derived its name from the locality
where it was first manufactured-in
the villages along the Tweed River
in southern Scotland.
Evening star., 1924-06-11

@. Where was the first social set
tlement:-M. E. r.
4. The first social settlement in
the world was Toynbee Hall. which
was founded in 1884 by Canon Samuel
A. Barnett in Whitechapei, East Lon
Evening star., 1924-06-11

Q. How is Chewing tobacco havor-
ed?-E. F. G..
A. Tobacco is favored by dipping
the leaves into a receptacle contain
ing the sauce used for flavoring. This
liquid is the result of experiments by
the manufacturers, some using one
formula and some another. Licorice
paste. cane sugar. maple sugar and
molasses are among the ingredients
most commonly used.