davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Best Plan to Segregate
Cockerels and Pullets

AS soon as it is -ossible it is desir-
able to separate the cockerels and pull
lets in order to give more room and
to prevent heckling of the pullets.
The cockerels also will make broilers
more quickly when confined to limited
quarters where 1t is cool and fed
fattening mash. Sixty pounds of mill
run or middlings and 40 pounds Of
cornmeal combined with either ten
pounds of meat scrap or 200 pounds
of LIQUID milk make good broiler fat
tener. Feed this morning and night
and little cracked corn and green
stuff at noon Feed in troughs. Do
not leave the wet mash over an hour
as they are likely to go "off feed"
Give cockerels and pullets roosts to
prevent crowding and to provide for
fresh AFRO. G. Krum, Poultry Spe-
cialist, Colorado Agricultural College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Station for Range
Stock Experiments
Tract of $1,000 Acres to Be
Used for Study.

(Prapared by the United States Departments
of Agriculture.)
A tract Of $1,000 acres, comprising
most of the old Fort Keogh Military
reservation at Miles City, Mont. has
been transferred to the United States
Department of Agriculture by congress,
and is being transformed into an ex-
pertinent station for the study Of range
live stock and forage crops. Expert
ments at the station will be conducted
jointly by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture and the Montana
agricultural experiment station, the
former being responsible for the man
agement and operation of the station.
Live stock interests have been seek
ing for years for an opportunity to
study some of the difficulties of west
ern stockmen on scale large enough
to make the results reliable. The new
station is well suited to the purpose.
It has irrigated land for growing for
age, and typical western grazing lands.
It has an annual average rainfall OF
but Ia inches, and its winters are
severe. The two railroads and the
Yellowstone trail which cross it will
make it easily accessible to visitors.
The Northwest particularly is en-
thusiastic over this splendid oppor-
tunity for research, but those who are
now making plans for the work to be
done at the ranch recognize 1t as a
distinct gain for American agriculture
as a whole. Problems in the breeding,
feeding, and care Of live stock, and the
growing Of crops for them, that are Of
concern to all live stock raisers, are to
be studied. The results obtained will
be Immediately applicable to the range
country, but their influence will not
stop there, because cheaper and better
western feeder steers make possible
more success in corn-belt feed lots,
and cheaper, jucier steaks on the con-
sumers' platters.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Find Ready Market
for Grain Sorghum
Boys of New Mexico County
Easily Dispose Of Seed.

prepared by the United States Department.
of Agricultural
The 40 boys of Roosevelt county, N.
M, who grew pure grain sorghum and
broom-corn seed last year found a
ready market for their product in their
own neighborhOods. These sorghums
are grown by Roosevelt county farm
ers as cash crops, but only few have
made a practice of specially selecting
or buying improved seed. Exhibits
from the boys fields were shown at
the county fair and over 5000 pounds
Of the seed sold Immediately. Ninety
seven boys of the county grew demon
stration fields from selected seed
carefully following the methods shown
them by the county agricultural extern
sion agent. They produced 1850
pounds of seed, according to reports
to the United States Department of
Agriculture. Forty of the boys were
able to use properly isolated fields and
hand rogue them, so that after inspec-
tion by the state extension agronomist
they were approved as sources OF
pure seed. The young farmers hand
selected all seed heads and hand
threshed and cleaned all seed which
they sold or kept for this years plant
ing
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Soy Beans and Corn Are
Most Excellent for Sow

Excellent results may be obtained
from sows with their filters on a COM
bination Of soy beans and corn. How
ever, when no corn is planted with the
soy beans, the sows may be turned on
them, but a supplement of corn or
other similar feed should be provided
to balance the ration. When this sup
plement is provided there will be no
bad results from the sow's milk upon
the young pigs and 1t will make no
difference what age the pigs have at
tanned when the sows are turned on
the beans If the hogs are turned on
the beans before they are forming
the pods, they should be taken off dur
ing the time that the beans are being
formed, because they will not produce
many beans If the hogs are left on
during this period. Most feeders al
low the beans to start to ripen before
they turn the hogs in, because the
greatest feed value is obtained in this
way.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Fertile Eggs Not Easy
to Keep in Hot Weather

Warmer weather is causing the rap
Id spoilage of fortified eggs accord
Ing to egg dealers. Poultry specialists
Join with them in recommending the
production of infertile eggs since the
male has no influence whatever on
the number of eggs produced. The
development of the embryo begins at
So degrees Fahrenheit. A tempera-
ture of So degrees for three or four
days or temperature Of 100 degrees
for "a hours may cause sufficient de-
yelopment of the embryo to make the
egg unfit for food. An infertile egg
may be subjected to a temperature
of 100 degrees for week or ten days
and still be perfectly good for cooking
purposes. BY keeping such eggs cool,
they may be kept in good condition
i,ldefinite'y
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
See Improvement
in Egg Quality
Attributed Chiefly to Grow
ing Practice of Gambling
Before Shipment.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
Eggs in the shell showed improve
ment in quality during 1928 over pre-
ceding years, according to a recent re-
port of the officials of the bureau Of
chemistry who have been watching in
terstate traffic in eggs. This improve
ment, the officials believe, may be at
tributed chiefly to the growing prac-
tice Of Gambling eggs before shipment.
The bureau has maintained for a num-
Der of years that it is practicable to
eliminate by Gambling most Of the bad
or questionable eggs In consignment
and that any material amount of bad
eggs in case Is sufficient basis for
either prosecution or seizure actions
under the federal food and drugs act.
Many of the larger shippers seem to
have come to q realization that 1t is
more profitable to candle eggs before
shipment than to run the risk Of hav-
Ing their shipments seized, recondi-
toned, or destroyed on account of
spoilage that might easily have been
prevented.
Enormous Business.
The volume Of business in eggs in
the United States is enormous, the 1923
crop being estimated by the Depart
ment Of Agriculture as worth $685.
100000. In the 20 Middle States,
where three-fourths Of the eggs of the
country are produced, 6,799 cases con-
tanning 80 dozen each were seized dur
ing the year, but practically all the
shipments were released under bond
end reconditioned under the super
Vision of federal inspectors, resulting
In the destruction Of 1888 cases. In
previous years carload lots arriving
in the Eastern states had been found,
as a rule, to have been candled, and
the work in this section Of the country
was concentrated on shipments fron
the smaller dealers who send their
country eggs to produce dealers in the
larger cities The inspectional work
In the East would indicate that sug-
gestions as to properly caring for eggs
are still necessary and that the
economic advantage to be gained by
shipping good stock only is not as yet
realized by the smaller dealers.
Better Quality of Eggs.
The better character Of Interstate
shipments of eggs in the Western
states in 1923 was partly due, it is
believed, to the efforts of the egg deal
ers to improve their output and partly
to the favorable weather conditions
prevailing during the season when
spoilage is most likely to occur.
The activities of state officials in
enforcing egg Gambling laws have also
been a contributing factor in improv-
ing the egg supply of the country. The
Gambling method of determining the
quality of eggs is the best known for
commercial purposes, and number
of the states are enforcing this system
of grading in order to lessen the H.
legal traffic in bad eggs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25

showing no reacting animals is enough.
If tuberculosis has ever been in the
herd, three consecutive tests are need
ed six months apart, each showing
no diseased animals. After passing
the tests herds are subject to retest
and must be. kept as directed by the
regulations for accredited.
The report shows that Wisconsin
has large number of cattle on the
list waiting to be tested. In every
department of tuberculosis cleanup
work Wisconsin is right at the top.
A number of counties have been test
ed this season and some retesting
completed.
In addition to the work done under
the cooperative system, Healy US
there is large amount Of local test
ing being done. Work by both the
local and the cooperating forces is
going ahead as rapidly as possible.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Maintaining Profits in
Handling Chicken Flock

TO maintain profits in the handling
of poultry one must maintain the egg
yield, says A. G. Smith, head of the
poultry division of the Minnesota ex-
pertinent station, University Farm,
st. Paul.
Mr.. Smith believes that the usual
dwindling Of profits In egg produc-
ton in the warm weather is largely
caused by lax methods, and that it is
mistake to discontinue feeding a
good rich-laying mash during the sum-
mer season. He says it will not do
to let fiocks which are restricted to
hard grain rations depend alone upon
such insect life as they find on the
range for their animal food This is
true because the essential egg-making
materials are lacking in the feeds OBJ
tanned and hens cannot manufacture
eggs without the necessary raw mate
rails.
Further, to maintain egg production
in the summer Mr.. Smith says that
poultry houses should be well venti-
lated and kept as cool as possible by
opening or removing windows, and If
necessary by installing additional
means of ventilation; that mites and
lice should be destroyed and young
and old stock kept separate.
Whatever you do, says Mr.. Smith,
feed regularly and feed literally, put
ting into the mash more wheat by
products and more ground oats, and
putting into the grain fed more wheat
If wheat prices are not too high.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Preserving Manure With
Pit Is Quite Easy Task

The secret in preserving manure lies
in keeping 1t well packed and moist.
When the manure remains dry and
loose the bacteria have chance to at
tack 1t and large percentage of the
nitrogen in it is lost through their ac-
ton. A manure pit will usually pay
for itself in a short time through the
savings in plant food which it will OBJ
tain. When lots of straw is used 1t
will pay to moisten the pile and tramp
1t down In order to make it more COM
pact. Some farmers allow their hogs
to work over the pile, which will make
it compact and preserve the nitrogen.
Do not add too much water, for there
will be a loss from teaching, and the
manure pile should be covered unless
1t is in O. water-tight pit.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Observation-Disclosures

VVFVVVssss - = -
Continue to Gull your flock.
Caponize all late cockerels.
An abundance Of shade is a help In
keeping the birds thrifty.
Hens cannot produce eggs without
raw materials for their making. Feed
'em well, summer as well as winter.
Avoid the thin crow-headed pullets
which are rather listless and generally
lacking in pep.
Retain the pullets that feather early
and have plump meaty bodies. The
active singing birds with good mark
ing for their breed are the kind to
save.
Provide the goslings with free range,
plenty of good shade and green grass
to eat. Feed a mash Of fine ground
grains. Also be sure that they can
get plenty of grit.
A double range is often help where
the pullets are developed. Then corn
and sunfiowers can be planted in the
spring and the birds given the range
when the plants are about a foot high.
Guineas are subject to lice like all
other fowl These pests are found on
the head and about the vent as in
chickens, and also between the quill
feathers of the wings as in turkeys.
Sodium fiuoride will rid them of the
lice, but 1t is well to use little salty
grease along the base Of the quill
feathers as well as the powder.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
TWO METHODS TO
INCREASE APIARY

There are two general methods of
making increase in the apiary, accord
ing to E. e. Paddock, state apiarist of
the Iowa State college. These meth
DDS are by purchasing bees in either
pound packages or by the hive, and
by using the bees already in the
apiary. Very few beekeepers today
depend upon the natural swarms to
make their increase, as the method is
not dependable. Artificial increase,
according to Doctor Paddock, is thor
oughly successful If a little attention
is given to it.
A 500 per cent increase is possible
II me apiary is ina good location and
il the owner is willing to sacrifice the
honey crop entirely. In many places
It is possible to make a 20 per cent
Increase without a sacrifice of the
honey crops-
Perhaps the best method of increase
is that developed by Alexander, which
is as follows: "a little before it is
time for bees to swarm in your neigh
borhood lift out of the hive all but
one frame and put them in an empty
hive body. Leave the queen with the
one frame of brood, and destroy any
queen cells that may be on that frame
Fill out both hives with frames filled
with foundation or drawn comb. Put
a queen excluder over the hive con-
tanning the queen and one brood
frame. and set the other hive on top
of this. Five days later look for
queen cells in the upper stories. If
you find queen cells in an upper story
let It stand another five days, then set
1t on its new stand, giving it queen
cell from one to the others. 1t will
hurry up matters if you can give
laying queen to EACH"
The division method of quick . in
crease is not wholly desirable unless
one will give absolute attention to the
necessity of both divisions. 1t is very
easy for increase to become low in
stores and morale and finally be
robbed out. The nucleus plan is quite
successful and is as follows: "Take
from the strong colony two frames of
brood with adhering bees and queen,
put on a new stand and imprison them
for three days. A week after the
queen is taken away exchange the
two hives so the field bees from the
COLONY will return to the nucleus and
build It up. If you want to make
more ont of that one colony, you can
divide the old colony into two or
more nuclei at the time of swapping
places. being sure that each has a
good queen cell located centrally
where the bees will keep it warm and
then If necessary you can strengthen
these nuclei after the queens get to
laying by giving them brood from 9TH
err colonies. It requires judgment in
giving frames of brood with adhering
bees. as it depends upon the strength
of the nucleus how much can be given
at time
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25

S31. This gives her second place, as
Missouri had 429,9O2 head in this
class at the end of June.
Number Under Supervision Important.
Wisconsin gets second place again
in what J. S. Healy, inspector in
charge Of testing in Wisconsin, be-
lieves is the most important class,
when final results OF. tuberculosis
eradication are considered. This is
the number of cattle under the super
vision Of the cooperating tuberculosis
eradication workers.
Cattle in this class include those
animals that have been tested for tu-
berculosis and found free from the
disease. 1t also takes in those indi-
vidual animals that did not react
when tested, though infected animals
were found in the herd.
The infected herds are the real
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
PART TIME SCHOOLS
ARE GAINING FAVOR

Better community service Is being
planned by Wisconsin high school
teachers of agriculture.
Regular study classes for farm boys
who have had to drop out of school
and for farmers who want some help
on practical problems, have proved
popular and helpful in communities
where they have been tried" declares
e. M. Tiffany of the Wisconsin College
Of Agriculture. Under the supervision
Of the local agricultural teacher these
meetings are held at times and places
most convenient for the members.
Short courses of many kinds have
been tried, but there is still place
for more complete studies of agricul-
tural methods, Tiffany believes. Part
time schools. as they are called, are
planned to fill this place. Usually
classes meet once a week for as long
as necessary to cover the subject select
ed, or as the season will allow. During
the rest of the year, the instructor
works with the members of the class
in trying out methods on their farms.
A successful school held near Port
age last season is one example Tiffany
mentions. Under the leadership of v.
e. Kivlin, local agricultural teacher,
some "a boys met one evening a week
for ten weeks. Interest grew to the
point that plans were made for another
class next year before the class
broke up.
AT Viroqua, r. A. Powers met a
group of farm boys every Saturday
morning and group of farmers every
Saturday afternoon for several months.
When the work as planned was fin
ished the members asked that the class
be continued in the spring This grew
into a club which is holding meetings
throughout the year.
A community near Waterloo in which
a twelve weeks study of feeding dairy
cattle was given, made arrangements
to continue the work for another year.
Many other equally successful exam
pies could be mentioned, Tiffany states.
The agricultural teachers at their an
nual summer meeting made plans to
expand this part of their community
service
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Cultivation Too Often
Neglected During Fall

After-harvest cultivation is too
often neglected owing to the pressure
Of other work To this neglect may
be attributed the spread of weeds,
notably couch or quack grass. There
is no time of year that couch grass
can be handled to better advantage
than after the crop is removed. Usu-
ally the ground is quite dry and mel
low and the cultivators and harrows
easily comb out the rootstocks on the
surface where the hot sun of August
and September dry them up. Then
they may be raked into heaps and
burned-in other cases the dried roots
may be plowed down again with safe
ty, which helps to add fertility to the
soil.
AS soon as any crop Is removed 1t Is
good practice to pillow shallow, disk or
work up with a stiff tooth cultivator
all the raw land and timothy meadows
which are intended to be cropped an
other year before seeding down with
the grasses and clOvers.
This method starts so many weed
seeds growing that have freshly
fallen to the soil or have lain dor
mant for some time that 1t pays, and
pays well, to even start the eultiva-
ton among the shocks, Most of the
perennials are checked in this way,
and many Of them are killed outright.
Then the stirring Of the soil at this
time greatly aids in the manufacture
of plant foods made available for suce
ceeding crops.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Feed Sheep Some Grain
Before Breeding Season

1t is never economical to have ewes
go into the breeding season in poor
shape. Hence we would suggest that
you feed your sheep half pound to
a pound of grain mixture of three
parts ground oats and one part wheat
bran on good pasture. Feed heavily
on easily digestible feeds such as rape,
cabbage, etc., in addition, two or three
weeks prior to breeding. Put these
sheep in good shape to enter winter
and they will go through well on a
half pound of grain for each 15O-pound
eve, with two or three pounds daily
Of legume hav, little dry roughage
such as corn fodder and If you can
supply it, a couple pounds daily of
roots or clean, high-quality corn
silage.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
Pyrotol Adapted
to Highway Work
New Explosive Shortly to Be
Released to Farmers for
Blasting Stumps.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
One hundred million pounds of ex-
plosive, enough to load a freight train
40 miles long, is shortly to be made
available to farmers for land clearing
and to the states and federal govern
ment for road construction. This ex-
plosive, pyrotol, is to be distributed by
the bureau of public roads Of the Unit
ed States Department of Agriculture
at the cost of preparation and ship
ment This is a continuation of the
work which has been carried on for
the past three years whereby the rast
supplies Of explosives in the possess
sion of the government at the close of
the World war are being made over to
make them suitable for constructive
purposes. The distribution has already
resulted in saving millions Of dollars
to the people of the United States.
Used for Open-Air Work.
Pyrotol is composed largely of
ground smokeless powder, prepared by
q process perfected by George r. Boyd
OF the bureau of public roads. 1t is
peculiarly adapted for blasting stumps
and for work of similar character. 1t
can be used for all open-air work with
out causing headaches or other i'll
effects and will not stain the hands ar
clothing. 1t is low-freezing explosive
and can be used with good results in
all ordinary temperatures. The cart
Gin
as the ordinary dynamite cartridge.
Each box contains SO pounds, about
100 cartridges, and each cartridge is
approximately equal in strength to a
cartridge Of 90 per cent dynamite. It
is safe to handle, providing that the
ordinary care exercised in handling
dynamite or other explosive is used.
1t is detonated by the No. 6 caps COM
monty used with commercial dyna-
mites.
Uses for Explosive.
The laws under which these explos-
ives are made available authorize dis
tribution to the state highway commits
sions for use in road building, and to
farmers for land clearing. There is
no charge for the explosive itself, but
the consumer has to pay the cost of
preparation and the freight charges.
These charges are different in various
sections of the country, but, In gen
eral, the cost is about half the cost Of
an equivalent amount of commercial
explosives. In each state, where there
is sufficient interest in agricultural ex-
plosive, some state agency. usually
the state agricultural college, lakes
the orders of the Individual falmers,
pools them into carload lots to de-
crease the freight charges and handles
the details of the distribution. The
Department of Agriculture cannot ae-
cept orders for pyrotol except through
such state agencies.
Shipping points for the explosive
will be Repauno, N. J., Barksdale,
Wis, and DUPONT, Wash.
1t is probable that this pyrotol will
be the last of the surplus war ex-
plosives to be distributed by the De-
partment of Agriculture.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-09-25
EARM NN MITES

Good fencing helps to keep live stock
and fertility at home.
When sows eat their pigs, 1t usually
means they need more minerals in their
ration.
A rolling stone gathers no moss but
neither does an animal at rest find
good pasture.
When selecting paint for the farm
buildings, remember that there are
some other colors than red.
And speaking of thrashing, are the
granaries all cleaned out, rat holes
plugged, and doorboards ready for
use?
"Save the surface and you save all''
is particularly applicable to the tin
valleys or Hastings on roofs. Once a
year Is not too often to paint them.
M&
In 1909 an eight-ounce packet of
sudan grass was sent to America from
Khartum, Africa; a forage crop val
ued at S9,000O00 is now produced from
it in the United States.
One pound of cottonseed cake per
head per day and all the ground corn
they will eat is the cheapest ration one
can feed steers that are being fat.
tened on grass this summer