davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11
The Views q 4 Republican

To the Editor Of The Age-Herald:
do not think It wonld be improper to
make few remarks relative to the acton Of
the United States senate for the past few
Ttlhlhs. I sometimes wonder if this great
body has not forgotten its duty to the people
Of this country. Its late action has shown
only a desire to undermine the political for
tunes Of a particular party or man. It seems
TO be game Of politics instead Of game
of legislative xorking business As has heen
aptly said, there are too many small men ia
the seats Of the mighty, and these men en-
sage N personal spites and petty politics
that IL not BETTING the smallest political
race Of our nation. Partisanship seems to. be
the rule. legislation the exception. The great
senate seems to me is composed of not states
men but blocks, radicals and politicians, bent
upon serving their own personal or partisan
good, in derelictions and detriment to the will
and good Of a nation. 1t seems to be a case
where the radicals, the insurgents and the
minority control. the majority being over
ridden into obliyious helplessness. From curt
rent opinion, newspapers .and writers, the
once great respect and confidence in the
greatest law-maklng power OF the world has
been greatly lessened and depfeclatsd. Party
and political and personal expediency domi.
mates all else even to the wreck and ruin Of
person or party. The greatest good that the
present eixty-eiehth congress has done Or will
do this country will he its adjournment sine
die Ga June i.
The powers q The senate and tlle laws Of
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11
A Little Information

To the Editor Of The Age-Herald:
On several occasions have written on
the subject Of evolution. On the appearance
OF each article some one mails me a small
book called .sThe Age Of Reason" BY Thomas
Paine. and edited by Il. Haldman-Julius. !
have been honored four different times BY
the receipt of this book. nm asking my
kind friends to hold up on this donation, as
1 am very well supplieds do not claim to
be among the bralny men of my generation. /
am simply a hillbillie moved to town--a
reuben Of the first water when young
man, / was given Paines works and other
infidel literature. For five years read and
searched for infidel ideas and the Darwin
theory. admired Ingersoi and his ilk. With
all my search and desire TO find something
that would overthrow the Bible story Of Gre
alton 1 was forced to admit it was not be
found.
All nature spoke of a supreme being. Be
it the God OF the Bible or something else.
Paine, voltaife, Humes Ingersol. ct al, all
had some flaw in their peaeoning, and Darwin
admitted there was missing link in his
theory. The sun, the mopn the stars, cleo
tficity and the elements c0tla not have come
By evolution. The world rsvolvins In space
among the other planets sbld the story that
a master mind had placed them in their rei.
alive positions. Science teaches US the world
IS ROUND. 1nls peihB tne Use, VIC ate tVi"
that the rApidity Of the worlds actions keep
us from falling off This issekplained BY the
fact that We can whirl a bucket filled with
water around our heads and not drop viii
spill In an oral discussion with noted
| infidel--Robert q. Ingerhol--acting as mod
orator for my opponent for one day, he
brought this fact out.
took his illustration and asked him If the
water IN the bucket did not whirl around u
only one direction. He said it did. Then
asked how It was that the rivers Of the world
ran In every direction and towards all pointa
o. the compass. The man was honest. He
admitted that science had failed TO tell us
Why. That eternal why mat We cannot
answer when we begin 70 Afk questions about
thinss We see every az but do rot nndsr'
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11
Forum OF The People


~@@-%@@ &
When some vandal spattered with ink Ser.
gents great picture, The Synagogue" IN
the Boston public library, howl Of indigna-
non went through the land and every lover
OF art will agree that howl was justified.
The greatest artist Of all is the Creator.
How beautifulsare the pictures He paints for
our delight. One Of his pictures Is at the
rear Of our home. A simple hillside carpeted
with grass, some bold gray rocks jutting out
Of the green and trees siihouetted against
the western sky. A scene always pleasant
and restful to look upon. But alas the beau
tifpl picture is married the Boston yandaI
has been outdone. Three enormous bill
boards, one rising to the height Of forty feet
above the roadway, blot our view with
splotcAes OF discordant >eolors, yermillion blue
and yellow. M
In this mornings Age Herald Mr.. Cornell
of the Cusack Billboard Company would Der.
suade us that the real offenders axainst the
public taste ARE what he terms: tThe, small
unsightly cardboard and tin signs sniped on,
every available foot Of space" We agree
With him that these snipers are unsishtiy.
for the public shows its dislike often by
promptly tearing them down. But their Of
Tense 10 as nothing compared TO the monstros-
tiles erected by other advertising companies
Now that our state government has pro-
claimed the illegality of these defacements "a,
the highways, we call nbbn, our officials to
order their removal withonf further delay.
ALFREBfE. seldom.
Chairman Of Citizens' Committee Of Fair
;; mont. I.
Faifmont, North Birminsham, May 4, 1924.
4
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

FREDERICK l. THOMPSON. .....PREsIDENr
NEWS NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 500 Davidson
Building: State Capital, Montgomery Journal
Building; Tennessee. Valley. Decatur Daily
Building; Tuscaloosa. News Building; Jasper.
Mountain Eagle Building; Annston. Star Build
ing; Gadsden. Journal Building; Muscle Shoals,
Tri-Cities Daily Building.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES--By mail, payable in
advance. in United States and Canada; Daily and
Sunday. one year. $500; six month";, s4.oo; three
months, ss.25; one month. sSc. Daily only: One
year, $3.50; six months, $685. three months.
s1.7s; one month. 75c. Sunday only. One year.
sa5o: six months, $3.50; three months. 76c; one
month, Csc.
BY carrier where carrier delivery 10 main
tanned: zoe per week. sSc per month
MEMBER OF ASSOCIATED PREss--The As
ISOLATED Press is exclusively entitled to the use
for publication of all news dispatches credited to
It. not otherwise credited in this paper and
also local news published therein. All rights Of
republication of special dispatches are also re-
served FL
Telephone tprivate branch exchange connect
ing all Departmental Main 1900.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

1t seems that it is the fate of our com
mon humanity to be dissatisfied is not dis
contented, over the niche we occupy and the
thing we do. ! often have wondered why
this was SO, but have never reached a salts
factory conclusion, probably because the ten
denotes and vagaries Of humanity are beyond
ordinary comprehension. We all are Demo.
Gratis; we all are down on aristocracy :, We
all are for equality--thAt is, We say we are
for equality. As a matter of fact. we are for
eQualizing everybody that we envy to our
state, but we are not eaualizing ourselves
to any condition which is less pleasant and
agreeable than our own. For one thing, we
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

Lens Of PsaR1s are willing tn pay freigA
en- WwrshHess aFt5eEe4
There IL na seEsR In WcgtS unless they ssf'
prSpefls aaaaaK tageaAsr.
Sienee may - esAden. hat a good deal 4
spahth d tgsz
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

cannot be convinced that there is net h great
difference between trade and n predecessor,
and we are all down on trade and an in faEbr
Of profession.
Notwithstanding the increase Of knewae1ge
and its general diffusion among the people,
most of us still are impressed with what we
regard as learned professions, and we Gem
ceive the happy warriors Of humanity TO be
those who fight under banner bearing the
inscription Of some profession or other Ann
bitious souls throughout the generations have
been struEgling to get theussltes into enc
OF the professions, and they n bH try
ing all the while to make fhesF tSinr in
life secure By some visible m1s R3 ~
member when the doctor the 1&Rvea All the
minister were looked up6n Is nenilss a.
learned professions, when each Of ahzm wAs
set aside from the body Of pnr eQanznsm
democracy as quite sarb6s6nt, We heI4 fEat
they were different from the rent 6 hu-
manity because one Of them cBnla wr5sR n
ID. after his name, the second LII ID, and
the third d. d. We assumed that the pos
session Of a knowledge, as attested TO by the
degrees they had won, segregated them from
the common mass.
However. as the years went by, we real
lied that there was no holy on in edncaaEun
which could be poured on the head ct a
student and make Of him hiEh priest
Learning and knowledge may cone frem
study and education. but character does not
always accompany them. No difference bow
much man may know. If he has net a char
acter to back Il up not al the degrees IA am
the universities OF the world can raise kfun
to the dignity Of profession He, WI net
be worthy of a democracy. He VIA Se aawer
than the lowest conception Of d meM Trades
man. We found III. DIS ranproznazfnK
crime, ID. DIS arrogating to themselres the
right of domination, and M. Ms hsaasnx
babies in escrow until their hllls were paid.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

The postmaster general says that politics
must not enter into the selection of post
master for Birmingham. Which Is doubtless
his way Of gently limiting that Republican
viii be appointed q
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

To TIE Ezfhar q The AReHaEalds
I am q raRAa3 e tia paper and lie Il fine
These esa4 4eE1snz IA TIE Sundays papa
aFe just fanA Nag yau an have Eoad Sns
cezs ana always Prcsuer Ia my sincere wish. \
MRS n H GILDENWEIIA (
Ksrt Gresa SRs1zEA. Kla-. Nay 8 1a2A
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

RY HE brakeman on our train was a most
remarkable whistler. He could whistle
= a duet, a trio or a bass solo with q
chorus. learned by talking with him that
he was not satisfied with his status in life
He was inclined to think that the world
would be better off il every one were just
the same, possessed of the same capabilities,
sought the same objects, enjoyed the same
pleasures In life.
BY way Of showing him that he, himself
had Just disclosed the utter futility Of any
such thought. asked him whether he would
like to give up the marvellous gift Of whist
ling with which he had been endowed. OF
course, he told me that he would not give
it up for anything that it was the pride
and enjoyment of his life and that he had
been enabled to contribute to the pleasure
and happiness Of thousands. I. felicitated
him upon the Joy which he had brought into
the world, and expressed the wish that all
who were gifted would use their talents with
his high purpose Of making life little better
and happier. But he came back at me with
an inquiry as to why it was that he was not
satisfied with his position in life. was
unable to answer him then. and 1. am unable
TO answer him now.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

1t is not strange that onp.half Of the world
does not know how the other half lives, so
long as the other half mAkes 90 little progress
In negotiating loans
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

1t IL reported that sales Of the Bible have
doubled in California in the last year; yet
crease in the size and number Of homemade
yarns about the climate Of that state.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11

The announcement from Germany that
there are few saxophoAea there u at least
one ameiior6tins cifcumstGnee for that uA-
happy country.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11
Birmingham, Ala, May 10, 1924.

Coldnel Smith is in error in stating that
The Age-Herald has INDUCED editorially In
severe criticism" with respect to the com
pany he mentions. nor has it mentioned high
way markers. The Age-Herald has COM
merited only on the subject of billboards, and
that in such manner as to bring from bill
board companies expressions of appreciation
Of this newspapers editorial fairness Ed.
Ase.Herald.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1924-05-11
THE AGE HERALD
FREDERICK rHoMpsoN. ~. PRESIDENT

Entered at Birmingham, Ala. post office a.
second class matter act of Congress March g. 1879.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

versed "theory Of expansion: In
stead Of representing tenancy as a
condition of group Of people who
come from underlined places with I'M
sufficient means and are on tenn
porary stage to the positions of
owners the theory of pauperization
represents tenancy as a station of
degraded" owners who are touring
in contrary direction. Theory of ex-
pansion was built on pleasing con-
ceptions of agricultural prosperity
but theory of pauperization is con-
structed exclusively on conceptions
Of depression. They are two songs
Of one petty creed: the first looks
like wedding march for demon
strative procession to husbandry Of
new farmer, the second has to
serve for funeral purposes.
AS every funeral song so The
theory of pauperization expresses
some hopes about the "life after
DEATH" It does not admit that
tenancy viii stay here permanently.
1t sticks fast to the belief that the
system of independent owners is
the American system of agriculture.
It finds only one thing wrong: the
prices, not the prices Of land, but
the prices Of farm products. The
ridiculous talks and demands for
higher prices are very convenient
for all bourgeois scientists" be-
cause they carry away the attention
Of people from existing class rela-
tons in agriculture. 1t helps them
to hide all the constructed system
Of exploitation in agriculture behind
the big piles Of agricultural prod
ucts. From the mass Of products
on market nobody can tell under
what conditions and in what rela-
tons they were produced. A bushel
Of wheat cannot tell how much rent
or mortgage dues, taxes were paid
for the land on which the wheat
was raised. But the prices Of agri.
cultural products can inform land
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

struction, then its fate is sealed and
final victory and survival of owner
farms is assured.
If to find the true position of ten
ancy and if to give full account Of
the spreading of tenant relations in
the agriculture of United States we
have to consider carefully that sta
tistical material which is supplied by
the census Of 1920.
This census allows US to follow
the development of farms by their
tenure only in respect to the num-
Der of farms, acreage of all land,
acreage of improved land and farm
property.
Gain By All Tenure Groups.
Considering the acreage of farms
total farm land and improved
farm land-we can see that in
creases Of land were gained by all
tenure groups of farms. They were
in thousands of acres:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05
The Growth Of Tenancy In Agriculture

holders how much rent their tenants
must pay the next year.
Enormous Profits For Landholders.
Agriculture of United States is
nest where enormous profits are
Matched for the class Of capitalists
and landholders. The growth of
tenancy is here an expression of
progress in separation of land own
ership from actual farmers for the
sake to separate and to appropriate
part of produced values on the land
for title holders.
The theory of pauperization wants
US to believe that tenancy is here
limited only to weak and poor farm
ers, that it establishes itself in that
part of agriculture which is sinking
down in an economic mire.
Is this true? Are the collections
Of land rent limited only by the
masses of pauperized farmers? Is
it true that tenancy grows only in
economically destroyed farms?
If tenancy is an expression of eco
nomic weakness, poverty and de
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

How the appearance of 100000
new tenants can explain a tempo
rary condition on their way to own
ership if at this same time $4,000
owners disappeared?
Theory of Pauperization."
These facts proved very convinc,
ingly that theory of expansion in
explanation Of tenancy was only a
romantic invention. Some other
scientific treatment" of the ques-
ton was requested. Therefore for
the explanation Of growth Of ten
ancy in the atmosphere Of present
agricultural calamity very wide cir
culation is given to assumptions that
tenants are produced in paupcriza-
ton of owner farmers.
This theory of pauperizations
contains all the metaphysical clc-
ments of Expansion theory" 1t
considers tenancy as just this same
condition Of actual farmers some
where below the standard of farm
ers owners. The theory os
pauperization' is in reality only re-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

The shares of farm tenure groups
in expansion Of agriculture were
here unequal. From the increase Of
all land in farms tenants had very
little more than owners, but from
the increase Of improved land in
tenant farms came about four
fifths. Land holdings Of owners in
creased nearly as much as in tenant
farms but in expansion of cultiva-
ton Of farm lands owners succeed
ed to do less than one-fourth Of
that what was done by tenants.
Average Acreage.
(This does not give any justif-
cation to the "theory Of expansion"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

Only farms operated by managers
were poorer in land in 1920 than
they were in 1910.
Farms operated by owners and
tenants increased in size. They both
were richer in land in 1920 than
they were in 1910 and with this ex-
pressed concentration Of agriculture.
To this tenant farms contributed
more than owner farms. In these
averages tenant farms still appear
smaller than farms operated by
owners. This difference is decreas-
ed: in total acreage it was 55.4
acres in 1910, but 54.3 in 1920; in
improved land, 12.1 acres in 1910,
but only S.4 acres in 1920. This
shows that in land holdings owner
farms still keep advanced position
but in cultivation Of land they are
nearly on this same level as tenant
farms.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05
By OSCAR PREEDIN

ny O0NfAN
p to the present agricultural
~ crisis tenancy in tho United
States was considerd as merely
temporary condition Of individuals
on their way to ownership of farms
which they toileu. Growth Of
tenancy was represented as growth
of agriculture on account of new
farmers who did not possess suffi-
cient means for immediate purchase
of land and therefore were COM
PEELED to work up" thru tenancy.
This explanation of tenancy was
generally accepted. It found reeog-
milton by leading members Of the
old socialist party and was one Of
the corner stones of socialist party
farmers program" A. NJ. Simons,
chairman for many years of the So
cialist party special Commission Of
Farmers Question:" wrote in ac-
cord with all bourgeois economists:
Decline Of Owners Relative.
"The increase in tenants is ac-
counted for by the new persons who
are going into agriculture, and
there is no possible way in which
the statistics can be interpreted to
show that there is any general
movement in the direction Of
transformation of farm owners into
tenants" ("The American Farmer"
edition of 1908, page 114.)
This theory recognized the high
prices of land as one OF the main
obstacles which did not permit
people with small savings to be-
come owners of farms as easy as
that was possible some decades ago.
But the prices Of land appeared for
adherents of this theory only as
some hill on the way of tourists
farmers. They declared the way to
ownership as passabie, especially
with the help of mortgages.
"The mortgage is an advanced
step from tenancy. The bridge
between tenancy and ownership is
the farm mortgage" says Ivan
Wright in his book, EARN Mort
gage Financing"
Such was the representation of
the question of tenancy by the
pleasing sweet "theory Of expan-
sion."
The summaries in statistics Of
agriculture of United States since
1880, when the first census of ten
ure was here taken, up to 1910 con-
tinued to record increasing numbers
of owner farms among still more
increased numbers of tenants. De-
cline Of owners up to 1910 was only
relative.
This was used by the theory Of
expansion" to represent itself as
founded on facts. 1t seemed possible
that tenants were working up" to
the positions Of owners, that to the
increase of owners contributed pre-
vious tenants and that increase in
tenants was possible to account for
"by the new persons who are going
into agriculture"
Census 191O-192O.
The last census decade 1910-192O
was very favorable for agriculture
in United States. Thru ell this de-
cade prices Of farm products were
on high level. Therefore, according
to the current explanation Of ten
ancy, increased number of owners,
should be produced on account Of
tenants.
But exactly the contrary was
found by the agricultural census of
1920. The following changes in
number Of farms by tenure were
recorded:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

Why? To explain this to A. M.
Simons and to other bourgeois econ,
omists and historians is as hard
job as an Irishman in the city Of
New York had with statistical mis-
conceptions Of his devoted wife who
expected her third child and was
greatly excited just because "the
statistics prove that in the city Of
New York every third child is a
Jew.")
The average acreage of all land
per farm was changed during 1910
1920 in the following way:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05
Tenant Farms Increasing in Size.

Tenant farms appear small in
averages of U. S. mainly on account
Of cropper and share tenant parcels
in the South. In New England,
Middle Atlantic and East North
Central divisions tenant farms even
in averages of the divisions are
larger than owner farms. The sizes
of farms were here: in 1920:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-04-05

OF these were improved ln aver.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-03

rowed books, educated himself, be- came surveyor developed the town SEVEMTH of Gouldboro, Pennsylvania and in 1S60 at the age of 21, came to New ny chi ] York with stake of $8000O, where he began his spectacular railroad ac- lifeEiK tivities by opening brokers office to deal in Erie stocks and bonds. ua4or4s
 The one instrument he used from then on, in piling up his huge fortune, will was the stock ticker.
 At the height of his career in the hhe ohi eighties, Jay Gould found himself the czar of a railroad empire" un.,7 % which had 19OOO miles of tracks and SA"@@ dominated traffic west of the Mssis- sppi. When he died in 1892, he left oVner six children. and fortune of $S3.- OOO,00O transTe
 Those six children were Edwin Could, the late George Jay Gould, laws o9 Howard Gould, Helen. Gould (now Mrs. Finley Shepard), Frank Jay l. had q Gould and Anna Gould (formerly (!o,ntesa poni da Caq%ellane and now
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-03

.(,Mu7p1::
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-03

or thereafter without. the consent of .
 of the sane executors and trustees, ,undsr hen and in that event Che share allotted d So marrying in and by said win. and cod
 reduced one -ha13, and the principal of | If of the saia share shall be, paia, assig red or set over to such per sons as under the state Of Hsv York. would take the sane cd intes tasss ~ 1s~ be loved
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-03

,,. Involved il
 Frantic Figh| Il
 Over the Pieces d. --- Q ---== a N