davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
POSTAL SERVICE
HAS MOST
WORKERS
More Than One-HaIf of Fed
eraI Employees Are in This
Department.

Postal employees number more
than one-half OF the total number
of persons in the Government en-
ploy in civil activities. According
to the United States Civil Service
Commission, the total number of
Federal civil employees June 30,
1928. was 54S,531. OF this number,
285,822 are postal employees, 1895
Of whom are stationed In the Dis
trict of Columbia.
The Postoffice Department, 1t is
pointed out, is the only Govern
ment department operating On a
revenue returning basis and which
produces annually a return nearly
sufficient to meet payrolls and
other expenses of operation. This
is considered a significant factor
to be taken into account in dis
cussions relating to alleged un-
warranted increases in the num-
Der Of Federal employees.
Reduction In Employees.
AS compared with June 80, 1922,
when the commissions statistics
show there were 560,S63 persons in
civil employment by the Govern
ment, reduction of 1882 Gov
eminent employees is shown to
have taken place when the 1923
figures were compiled.
In the District of Columbia the
The Washington times., 1924-02-18

reduction in the number Of Gov.
eminent employees in this period
was $3.50. When the Armistice was
signed on November IL, 1918, there
were 117,760 federal civil employees
in the District. The report shows
that on June 80, 1928, the force
had been cut to 5000. During the
seven-year period covered by the
report it is shown that 26,848
employees have been added to the
ranks Of Government workers in
the District, the figures given being
39,442, in 1915, as against 66,29O, In
1928.
Since the signing Of the ARMS.
tice the number Of government en-
ployes had been reduced from ap-
proxiately 917.76O to 64S,5S1.
Production A Factor.
An analysis Of the increase Of
number Of employees in Govren-
ment service since 1901 shows a
close relationship to the increased
total value Of products Of the
country.
This is declared to be the proper
basis for determining whether
there has been an unwarranted in
crease In the force Of federal en-
ployee. The figures are compiled
on a 2h per cent annual IN
crease in physical production
values. In 1901 the number Of gov.
eminent employees was $4,000.
Had the increase been maintained
on the 3h per cent. basis, there
would be today 545,670 persons on
the Government payroll In civil. po-
sitions. The actual number EN-.
ployed June SO,1923, was, as stated,
54S,531.
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
2 ITALIAN TOWNS QUARREL
400 YEARS OVER "A ROCK

TURIN, Italy, Feb. 1S.-Cursolo
and Orasso, two small villages which
have engaged in litigation for more
than 400 years over their boundaries,
have decided to submit the question
to arbitration. A large towering rock
In the mountains, which neither vii.
lage was willing to give UP, formed
the basis OF the dispute.
Both villages recently appointed
commissioners to visit the rock, but
it has now been decided to place the
question in the hands OF an arbiter.
whose finding will be considered
final.
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
TWO DEATH SENTENCES
GIVEN FRENCH YOUTH

LAON, France, Feb. 1S.-Raoul
Marchand, twenty years old, has
just been convicted of murder and
sentenced, to death for the second
time, a case which is believed to
be unique in French justice.
He was condemned, first in An.
gust last for the Staying of a Young
girl. While in prison awaiting the
results of his lawyers efforts r.
obtain a respite from President
Millerand, Marchand one day caught
a prison attendant off guard and
felled him with a chair in an at.
tempt to escape. The attendent
died. Marchand was again ar.
raigned, found guilty and sen.
fenced to death.
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
STUDIED FOR MINISTRY;
BECOMES POLICEMAN

OXFORD. Feb. 1s.-MisS Mar.
garet Sutton Sharp. who studied for
the ministry and was known
throughout Liverpool and London
as the Rev. Margaret Sharp. has
become q policewoman in the city
constabulary here.
For two years she studied for the
Unitarian ministry at Oxford, but
never took her degree, and for over
ten years she has been an active
social worker in the east end Of
London and Liverpool.
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
NORWAY MOVES TO REPEAL
DRY LAW, BERLIN HEARS

BERLIN. Feb. 18.--Norway is
moving to repeal its prohibition law
within a short time, according to
dispatches from Copenhagen.
The repeal is considered SC urgent
that Prime Minister Berge has re-
fused to heed the proposal Of the
Socialists to submit the question to
popular election.
The Washington times., 1924-02-18

leverage of 40 in a month. Tits
makes his yearly total 5.5aJ. and IN
the last thirty years no has d.
gested about 141,120 onions, or
about 1876 bushels. He has never
lbeen sick day in his life
The Washington times., 1924-02-18
champlon Onion Eater.

PHoENIxvILLE. Pa. Feb: 1S.-I
John Ferguson is probably the
worlds champion onion eater. as he
eats about fourteen each day, or an
Evening star., 1924-08-04
Trunk of Murdered
RecIuse Found Lined
With Valued PGpers
Special Disnatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch TO The Star.
KEYSER. w. Va. August 4.-GoY-
ernment bonds. certificates, war saw
ings stamps and Confederate money
were found in trunk of John I.
Wilson, a recluse, murdered two
weeks ago. The value of the papers
may he several thousand dollars
William Grimm, 20 years old, who
is held on a charge of killing Wilson
Evening star., 1924-08-04
Led Astray

l hear that Spot Spinner is now
in the hole; he once was a winner
and fourished his roll. A prosper
Gus grocer, he made his work pay,
with Easy street closer, it seemed
every day. All sane were his wishes,
he hummed happy tunes, while
weighing codhshes and wrapping up
prunes. Exulting in labor that made
the pot boil was he till his neighbor
grew wealthy from oil. This Jimp-
son can collar" he said to his clerk,
the easy won dollar and live with
out work; I'm brighter and smarter,
III win in walk, and so, as a
starter, I'll buy some oil stock; some
fellows IN Texas are offering shares,
too honest to vex US with gold
bricks or snares. So I'm for a flyer
in oil stocks today; they're bound
to go higher, the Texas men say
We tried to persuade him to stick
to his store; our arguments made
him indignant and sore. When
people go crazy all arguments vain
imaglnlngs hazy refuse to be slam
When man has decided to fall for a
fake, his friends are derided, if pro-
tests they make. He thinks he is
keener and wiser than they; with
naughty demeanor he Shoes them
away. And Spottleman Spinner has
come back to town; he's sadder and
thinner, and busted and down. His
nerve is decaying, he's broken and
lame, like all who are playing the
other mans game.
(CopyrighD. WALT MASON.
Evening star., 1924-08-04
CLASSIFYING BOARD
ACCUSED OF ERRORS
Loren H. Wittner, in Letter to
Chairman LehIbach, Cites
Further Irregularities"

Chairman Lehlbach of the House
thor of a bill to abolish the Person
mel Classification Board which al
ready has passed the House, has been
informed by Loren H. Wittner, chair
man of the advisory committee of the
Government Workers Betterment Or
ganization, of alleged further ir-
regularities by the classification
board.
Mr.. Wittner, in lengthy communi-
cation to Representative Lehlbach,
charges that the board ignored the
law in having "arbitrarily and ca
priciously allocated the identical posi-
tions of the auditing clerks in the
General Accounting Office to three
grades"
although the action of the board
influenced as it was by the appropria-
tions committee, was throughly dis
countenanced by the House." said Mr..
Wittner, the board still maintains
with an arrogance that is an affront
to Congress and the intelligence of
the Government workers, that the
classification of July l, quite nearly
approaches perfection"
Mr.. Wittner attacks what he says
was the boards explanation of having
placed the employees in three grades
on account of a difference in what the
board considered the quality of work
Mr.. Wittner still maintained the
clerks ARE occupying identical posi-
tionS." and that the board has used
the pay range as the basis for al
loca atoms" instead of the quality OF
work.
There has been a big shake-up in
grade positions of the clerks" Mr.
Wittner said, Just two weeks before
classification became effective" but
the clerks still remained, he added, in
the three separate grades.
Evening star., 1924-08-04
NEGRO CONGRESS SENDS
SYMPATHY TO COOLIDGE
Expresses Regret at Death of CAL
vim, Jr.-Hopes for Race
Problem Solution.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, August 4.-The fourth
annual convention of the Universal
Negro Improvement Association yes
terday sent a telegram to President
Coolidge expressing sympathy with
him in the loss of his son, and voic-
ing the hope of a solution by which
the two races may continue to live in
peace"
A cablegram to Ramsay Macdonald,
British prime minister, asked that
Great Britain adopt a fair attitude
toward Africa" and expressed the
hope that your government will real
ize the time for colonial exploitations
of Africa has come to an end"
A cablegram to Sir Eric Drummand
secretary general of the League of
Nations, asked Immediate action on
the petition of the Universal Negro
Improvement Association to have the
former German colonies in Africa
turned over to the negroes, to become
Independent black states.
Marcus Garvey, president general of
the projected African republic, was
the principal speaker at religious
meeting participated in by the dele
gates. He also is the leader of the
improvement association.
Evening star., 1924-08-04

1t is the general rule, that all
superior men inherit the elements of
their superiority from their mothers
-Michelet.
Evening star., 1924-08-04

In addition to her household duties,
Mrs. w. H. Loomis of Cody, Wyo,
finds time to attend to her official
duties as under sheriff.
Evening star., 1924-08-04
TODAY'S ADJUSTMENTS.

BELAsCO-"Smilin' Through" $3.50
pm.
POLPS-De Wolf Hopper, in 10
lanthe," at $40 pm.
KEITH'S-Sophie Tucker, vaude-
vile, at 2:15 and SIS pm.
TIVOLI-Vaudeville music and
screen features, continuous perform
ance from 2 to II pm.
COLUMBIA - "wanderer of the
Wasteland." at 11:2o, ITO, 2:50, 4:40
$40, 8 and $50 pm.
RIALTO-"The Signal Tower" at
1870, 1870, $50, $50, 1880 and $50
pm.
PALACE-'The Side Show of Life
at 11:1o, 1:1o, 500, $40, 1920 and $3.50
pm.
METROPOLITAN" Wives
at 11:40, 1:4o, $40, $50. 1880 and 9:35
pm.
AMBASsADOR-"Si Wives" at
6:15, and 9:45 pm.
CENTRAL-"Forgive and Forget,
continuous from 1885 am. to 9:35
pm.
Evening star., 1924-08-04
Preacher Dies of Hurts.

SANFORD. n. c.. August 4.-Rev.
William Samuel Long of Chapel Hill,
who was injured in an automobile
accident last Wednesday, died in a
hospital here yesterday
DIR. Long was the first president and
founder of Elon College. He served
as president for four years, resigning
to re-enter the ministry.
Evening star., 1924-08-04

with robbery as the motive, is said
to have ransacked the house and OBJ
taincd only cents. Grimm is un-
able to read. the police say, and
probably didn't know the value of
the papers.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18
Editors, Gathering In
Fargo, Pay Tribute
To '3O-Year Mem
CONTINUED from Page -

II believe that the New Salem
Journal, my paper, has a mission to
perform in the black and white COW
country"
Be on "thc level" with your com
munity.
at is time we got away from
smutty stories and articles about the
poor newspaper man. Never permit
anything in your newspaper that
carries the idea that your newspaper
is not business institution, doing
business on strictly business basis
Support the 4O-acre-plus campaign
with the idea Of securing more
raising Of corn and bigger and bet
Ter Investigation. Support the Coul-
ter $50.OOO,OOO loan bill.
Union Label Law :. :.
Rega riding the union label law.
which requires the union label on
state printing, Mr.. Sullivan said the
association had gone on record ask
ing that the law be tested. Counsel
has advised that the law is uncOn-
stitutional but there must be test
case arise. This probably will il
the future, he said.
The editors will be in session also
tomorrow. On Saturday. Minnesot:
editors will join the North Dakotans
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18
COMPANY "A"
CASE AGAIN
TRIED HERE
Eleven Jurors Agreed on BY
Parties in Personal Prop
erty Conversion Case

Trial of the case of Company A.,
National Guard Training school, Bis
marck, against E. A. Hughes for
damages for alleged conversion Of
personal proerty which was in the
old armory when the National Guard
company was mustered into service
for the World War opened today in
district court. Judge Charles f.
Wolfe Of Wahpeton is presiding, the
defendant having filed an affidavit
of prejudice against Judge James A.
C6ffey.
The case was tried once before in
district court here, and Company A
was given a verdict Of $4,000 against
Mr.. Hughes. The latter appealed
the case to the supreme court. The
majority of the court held that con-
version of property was established
ard the verdict was proper in this
respect, but that the testimony of
officers of the guard with reference
to the value Of various articles al
legged to have been taken was not
proper as "cxpert testimony" and
sent the case back for new trial
Particular emphasis Is expected to be
devoted in the present case to the
question of the value Of the prop
erty. E. A. Hughes was the frs,
witness, being called under the stat
ute for cross examination.
A considerable time was taken In
the selection Of a jury. The case
opened with a brief statement by
Theodore KoffeI an attorney fol
Company A, and examination of jur'
ors followed. The panel was exhaust.
ed and both sides agreed to a tria'
with II jurors. Under new law
five-sixths of jury Of IL, or 10 mem
bers, can render verdict in civil
case after being out IL hours.
Members Of the jury are: L. B.
Olson, Andrew Nelson, John Barhie
VIM. Peterson, Thos. Hanlon, Bert
Glanvile, Lawrence Backman, Charles
Berger, Mick Yochim, Hugo Solberg
F. II. Schroeder,
| Yesterday the case of J. E. Baker
against J. E. Tierney was settled
and jury returned a verdict in ia.
vor of the estate of Lydvig Koffe
against Oliver Christopherson, as
garnishee, for $1,115.45 with inter
est from June 10, 1922, on note.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18

During the war the demand for
beef cattle was so great that prices
rose, making beet-production unusr-
ally profitable, and producer,
like tire-producers in the past yea,
strove to increase their output. Tire
production is increased by factory
extensions, new equipment and more
workmen, but beef-production is in
creased by the slower process OF
building up herds. Individual grow
ers, however, were tempted to IN
crease their own production by buy
ing stock cattle from each other, the
effects'of which were to run up prices
and get many of them deeply into
debt. When the demand for beef for
the armies fell off and industrial de-
preston spread over the world, beef
consumption fell off, prices fell, and
stock-growers who had borrowed
money to pay for cattle at high
prices have been obliged to sell their
herds in markets overloaded wi,k
offerings. The situation was un.
balanced one way when the growers
were bidding against each other il
.heir efforts to increase their hero;
and unbalanced the other way when
they were trying to sell in markets
where sellers greatly outnunlheTcl
buyers.
Growth of Hog Nark@ss
Corn and hogs are conlmoditjH3
closely related in the marketing pro-
cess and in values. For several years
prior to 1923 the equilibrium between
them was lost, hogs bringing !esa-
lively higher prices. The effect OF
this situation was to stimulate The
breeding of more hogs, until in nc
past year the number marketed was
81 per cent larger than in 1922. This
turned the situation over. with the
balance the other way.
Thete are other cases that might
be mentioned to illustrate t,2e I'M
portance of balanced relations be-
tween the various independent rae
tors in industry and to show that
the adjustment and regulation of
these relations must be managed by
the parties Immediately concerned.
The entire system Of interchange by
which the wants of society are sup
piled is regulated by the Auctuation
of prices. Over-development any
where is corrected by fall OF prices
and acknowledgement is corrected
by rise of prices. and all this ycgu-
lation is accomplished far more ci-
fectively by the free play Of natural
forces than it can be done by gov
eminent regulation. The latter would
require a dictatorship not only over
prices but over all industry, regulat
ing individual activities and doing
away with individual judgment and
individual independence.
None OF the cases of maladjust-
ment mentioned above have been
caused by governmental action, ex-
cept ia the general sense that gov
ernments were responsible for the
war, and governments cannot cure
tlsm. Any attempt by the govern
ment to remedy them would inter-
fere with the natural Refreshments
and delay recovery.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18

The year which has just closed has
seen production in the United States
in nearly all lines either at the high
est level ever reached or very close
thereto. The yield of farm crops
was slightly below that of 1922, but
the official valuation for 1920 is 49,
322695,O0O against $7,4@ 100000 in
1922. This increase, however, was
largely in cotton and corn. and the
figures for these crops are somewhat
misleading as indicators of prosper
ity, inasmuch as in the case of cotton
they represent high price for a
small yield grown on large acre
agea and in the case of corn the
crop is mainly fed on the farms.
Agriculture in many localities is still
laboring under difficulties mainly due
TO unbalanced price relations.
Since the outbreak of the great
war the industrial and business situa-
ton has experienced many violent
changes, some of them highly slim
ulating and some of them very de-
pressing. It is in the nature of
things that such violent changes can
not be all in one direction. As we
get farther away from the war the
natural tendency is to greater stabil-
ity, and the past year has shown
this characteristic. The price move
ments have been moderate. The
Bureau of Labors average of index
numbers for 4N commodities stood
at l56 for January, rose to 15o for
March and April, declined to $50 for
August, rose to 153 for October and
declined slightly thereafter. Except
for an advance of u per cent in the
discount rate of the reserve banks
of Boston. New York and San Fran
cisco in February, the discount rate
OF all the reserve banks has stood at
~ per cent throughout the year.
The rediscounts and advances of the
reserve banks stood at $628, 000, 600
at the date of the first statement in
January, rose to $3.50. OO0, 600 on May
2, touched the high point of the year
at $3.50, 000, 900 on July 3, and on Do
cember 10 stood at $750,O00,O00. A
better showing of uniformity with
business at high level co1A net -
asked for. RI
Danger q C6oiS Not Passed
The great slump of 1920 and 1921
was the natural corollary of the great
rise of prices and expansion Of credit
which had previously occurred No
business crisis ever has occurred I'M
less preceded by a marked expansion
If credit, and none need be looked
for until such an expansion has oc-
'eurred. We are not free from danger
Of it: the continuing importatioas Of
gold should keep US on our guard
In 1923 they have been greater than
la 1922 reaching approximately
!. The greatest achievement Of he
year has been the demoostratien that
the United States can enjoy 80 iarge
q degree Of prosperity notvithstand-
ing the unsettled conditions in Eu-
rope. The record of 1928 can be re-
peated if the American people bat
have the courage to proceed with the
!ieveIoDs,ent ct their resources asd
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18


thrown on this case that is now
throwing new light on the evils Of
the easy Rhode Island divorce.
For in this state the grounds of
divorce are many, ranging from the
usual statutory offense to neglect
and refusal to support for year.
And all that is required for starting
an action is 4 residence in the state
Of two years.
Under the deposition plan, by
which the petitioner merely swears
to his charges in the private Offices
Of Master in Chancery, it is poss-
IDLE to get divorce decree without
the principals ever going near the
court that grants it!
It is the ease with which this is
done that has led to the formation of
a Divorce Ring, lawyers, jurists and
legislators believe, that is making
big money in getting these easy di-
vOrces.
Nothing has been proved against
this ring yet. But it's activities are
! being investigated.
Governor Acts
A bill to cut down the use of deposi-
tions in divorce cases is being pre-
pared for enactment by the legisla-
ture. 1t is recommended by Gov
| Flynn.
"If the legislature adopts the re-
Communications which I made" saws
the governor, "it will check the mis-
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18

PEARL w HE, FILM . IAN, WIN
IS REPORTED TO HAVE ESTAB-
LIsHED RESIDENCE IN RHODE is
LAND.
use of Rhode Island courts as an in
;strument for securing divorce
And legislators of both parties
agree with him.
The operations of this ring are
said to be nationwide.
at works simply" an Investigator
explained. Through it's New York
connection, or some other, the group
gets it's clients to come to this state.
"Then after the residence require
ment is fulfilled, the case is filed in
court, and an order obtained for the
taking of testimony by Master in
Chancery.
There are some 80 Of these in the
state, and the lawyer has the privi-
lege of going to the one he chooses.
"This master, acting for the court,
takes the testimony of the petitioner
and the two witnesses in his own
Office. The master does not pass on
the merits of the case, as does o
referee in other states. He merely
records the testimony.
"This then is neatly typed, whip
ped into legal form, sealed and sent
to the Superior Court. There it goes
to one Of the justices handling the
divorce cases. He reads the testi-
mony and makes his decision.
"And the decision is for the reti-
toner in practically every case.
meanwhile the principals needn't
appear in court. They 60 on with
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18
Farmer Found
Strangled Under
Overturned Auto

Washburn N. d.. Jan. 17.-AleHan-
I der Singer, 81 years old, farmer in
1.-THE vicinity of Mercer, was found
strangled to death and Robert Wan
ner pinned helplessly Sunday morn
|, ing under their overturned Ford car,
iby three young men of Washourn,
.who were returning from business
"Trip to Mercer.
The boys who made the discovery
] were Archie Nelson, Martin Ness and
Ole OILS on. The accident happened
ION a grade just a few miles out of
Mercer, and when the boys got TO
| the car it was laying upside down in
+. the ditch. They Immediately saw
/ thata body was under the car and as
iquickly as possible they turned the
car cover and then found the life
/. less body of Mr.. Singer and the 10
year. old lad who was pinned under
HIM Mr.. Singer was laying cross
ways of the, front seat and the
weight of the car, which had the top
/ down, had slowly strangled him to
death, for the face of the man had
turned deep black. The body of
the dead man had held the car more
or less off the boy, but the lads legs
were pinned under the body and he
was unable to escape until help
came.
: The boys on questioning the lad
found that Henry Gessle had passed
by the car few minutes before, but
was unable to turn the car over, and
/ h d gone into Mercer to get help. A
1. few minutes after the boys had ar
rived on the scene Gessle returned
with.a bunch of men from Mercer.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-01-18

highway is planned by the commits
sioners Of Logan and Mcintosh coun-
ties. Plans outlined call for road
to begin at Fredonia and run three
miles south to the Logan Mcintosh
county line; the road will then fol-
low the county line for 20 miles to
point north of Wishek, thence
through Wishek and west on the
highway now completed and from the
west end of this highway it will con-
tinue west II miles to the Emmons
county line.