davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
BY w. M. HENDERSON

Every radio fan is well acquainted
with the efficiency of the three-elec-
trode vacuum tube. 1t is also general
ly known that the disadvantages of
the present-day tube are the frailty of
the filament and the uncertainty of the
vacuum. These two disadvantages
have caused many radio inventors to
attempt the design OF some fos.n of
rectifying and simplifying apparatus to
take the place of the present tube.
The results obtained through tire
less research and design have done
much TO further dependable radio
transmission and reception. One OF
the most interesting of these develop
ments is the use of colloidal liquids TO
replace the vacuum and filament in a
tube
Though this form of rectifier and
amplifier is not developed to an eff
cient stage, and though it may never
be. a simple description of how col
lOid solution acts as a radio device will
be given to acquaint radio fans with
a working knowledge of a colloid
tube" so they may experiment with
1t if they so desire.
The heart and substance of this
tube" is a colloid. Those who have
studied chemistry know that colloid
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
No Flux Is Necessary
With Rosin Core Solder

The majority of radio fans when
building a set use some form of solder
ing fiux and solid solder. After Joint
is soldered it appears TO he perfect to
the constructor and nothing further is
done. But it is not perfect, and some
thing further must be done before a
connection can be made that will be
permanent After each joint has
cooled it should be thoroughly wiped
off with a rag wet with alcohol. To
eliminate this added work rosin core
solder should be used With this solder
it is not necessary to use f1ux, as the
rosin in the solder is a flux,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

Der sponges, which are highly elastic
and are good vibration insulators. :"
piece of heavy cardboard, such as
used for packing boxes, or thin piece
of cigar box wood should be placed on
top of the sponges so that the weight
of the charger will be distributed over
their entire surface. If desired the
sponges can be glued to the cardboard
and the cardboard suitably fastened to
the charger frame so that the whole
affair will be integral.
Since the cost of the sponges is
trivial the slight expense of the refine
ment will be greatly outweighed by the
relief experienced due to the absence
of the A. c. hum. In similar way
the noise of small motors, transform
ers, etc., can be greatly decreased, max
ing it more pleasant for the persons
who must be near them.-New York
Sun.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
How to Construct Good
Mufler for Charger
BY HARRY r. LUskE

When operating, many of the charg-
ers now on the market give forth a
disagreeable hum. This detriment is
especially pronounced in the vibrating
mechanical type. The sound from the
vibrating member is strongly re-
enforced by the floor or table upon
which it is placed in much the same
manner that the body of a violin serves
as a resonator for the strings. If the
vibrations can be prevented from
reaching the table or floor, as the case
may be. the noise will be greatly less
ened and almost eliminated.
This can be proved experimentally
by comparing the relative loudness of
the hum when it is placed on a table
or held in the hand. In this case the
semi-elastic composition of the human
body absorbs the vibrations and pre-
vents them from reaching any rigid
body that might act as a sounding
board.
We can secure the same results by
placing the charger on two oval rub
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05


Maj. Gen. John L. Hines, Brig. Gen.
Dennis E. Nolan, assistant chief of
staff in charge of the supply section
of the general staff, succeeds as dep
uty chief of staff, according to an
nouncement of Secretary Weeks.
Appointment of General Hines will
make no change in his rank and Gen
eral Nolan will take up his duties as
deputy chief as brigadier general.
The rank of general of the armies was
conferred upon General Pershing by
congress as a special mark of appre-
citation for his services in the war;
General Nolan was chief of the mil
itary intelligence of the A. e. F.
throughout all of the operations in
France. He was decorated for valor
for conduct while assigned In Sep
TENDER, 1918, to command the Fifty
fifth brigade, Twenty eighth division.
Taking over the post while the unit
was holly engaged near Apremont,
General Nolan made his way into
the town of Apremont and person
Sally directed the movements of his
tanks under a most harassing fire
Of enemy machine guns, rifles and
artillery"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Washington, a CITY of False Fronts!

HTS the customary thing to toss
bouquets at Washington, says Har-
ry B. Hunt in the Chicago Evening
Post. Perhaps it's a sort of OBJ
legation to stick up for our national
capital that leads writer's here TO stress
the undisputed beauty that does exist
in many of the public buildings, the
parks and in certain Of the more Sc
lect residential districts.
And, as it is these beauty spots that
are always emphasized on the atten-
ton of visitors viewing the town, they
also catch something of the booster
spirit and go away discoursing on
beautiful Washington
But no city, not even Washington,
deserves all bouquets. Brickbats also
are in order And. considering the fact
that it Is the national capital and
should be the ideal municipality of the
nation, Washington is deserving of as
many brickbats as the average busy
and begrimed industrial city ef our hun
dreds of much-maligned "Main Street"
towns.
Washington is, mentally and physi-
cally, city u false fronts. There is
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Capital Plagued by Too Many Autos

~ EXTENSION to a greater part of
- the city of the time-limit restric-
ton on the parking of automo-
biles in the downtown section is
under consideration by officials.
Report on the proposal has been
asked of the District traffic board by
the District commissioners. The board
has been asked for recommendations
for changes in parking and other traf-
dc regulations.
Faced with growing number Of
complaints from residents in streets
Just outside the so-called downtown
congested zone that they are unable
to get to the curb in front of their
homes because of automobiles left
parked in front of their homes all day,
officials have come to the belief that
Kidding the congested zone of long
time parking will not solve the prob
lem with which they are faced.
They are convinced that an automo-
bile owner has not the right to occupy
indefinitely space on a street to the
Inconvenience of occupants of the res
idence or business house in front of
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

glass jar, two electrodes and colloid
solution are necessary. Electrode B
has four times the surface of A. This
rectifier can be connected in radio
receiving set in place of a crystal de-
tector. The signals from nearby sta
lions will be received with greater
volume than with an ordinary crystal.
CIV can also be received on this de-
tector without the aid of an external
heterodyne or a ticker For best re-
suits the depth of A must be varied.
The action of this detector, however,
rapidly becomes weaker, and at the
end of two or three hours becomes in
operative. Its activity may. be renewed,
however, if the connections are re-
versed. A constant reversing of con-
nections will keep the deteetor in &C
ton for some time
Used as an Oscillator.
Slight success has been obtained by
using this type Of tube" as an oscil-
lator in the circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Here a control electrode, similar to
TIC gnu VI d luDCJ 10 lllSl-
posed between A and B. Reversal of
polarity also materially increases the
life of the oscillator.
Two circuits for using the tube as
an amplifier are given. The first is
for a simple two-electrode tube"
This operates in the following manner !:
An alternating current flowing through
the input circuit causes a variation of
resistance, which is, of course, pro-
pOrtional to the potential variations.
Because of the negative characters
tics of the "tube," reinforcement of
the alternating circuit is obtained in
the output circuit.
For the amplifier circuit connecting
tube with a control electrode the
action is different. The variations in
the applied alternating current force
the control electrode to act electrostat-
ically upon the flow of colloid particles
between A and B, with consequent
slightly amplified current flowing in
the output circuit.-New York Herald
Tribune. "s
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
What Are ''Tombus"?

The three Fijian chiefs who each
presented whales tooth to King
George recently were comforting upon
him the highest honor it is In their
power to bestow.
Known in their language as tam
bus" these teeth are symbols Of
craftsmanship, and are highly esteemed
because, by native law and custom,
any request backed by an exhibition
of the tambu is bound to be granted.
Thus, if a Fijian headman wishes
to marry neighboring chiefs daugh-
ter, he sends on ahead messenger
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Sure of His Position,

Congressman Blather was a passen-
ger on the steamship Sieve, which
was slowly sinking. The passengers
were climbing into the lifeboats.
Congressman" suggested reporter
aboard the Inflated craft, heres a
chance for some publicity. If you
cared" ''You may quote me as say
Ing" replied the statesman, that I am
heartily in favor of back-to-the-
land ent."'-American Legion
Weekly.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

EE ICiAL NdSHlUStOu Is u1S-
4 cussing with interest the re-
cent lecture of DR.. Yusuke
Tsurumi, one of Japan's young
political leaders, before the Institute
of Politics at Williamstown, Mass.
Ten or twenty years from now
Japan will be one of the greatest
perhaps the greatest-ofz all outside
factors affecting American progress"
said Doctor Tsurumi.
Tradition, geography and irresist-
ible social and political forces support
this statement" he said. America
and Japan, on the opposite shores of
vast ocean, stand now upon the
threshold of new era--the Pacific
era
Doctor Tsurumi referred to the
words grave consequences" used by
the Japanese ambassador, Hanihara,
in connection with the immigration act
They were, in his opinion, the "exact
truth" He spoke of war as menace
to civilization. He said we must not
only make use of such agencies as the
League of Nations and the Washington
conference In the prevention of war,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Faulty Sockets

When the tubes you are using in
your radio set do not function, or,
rather. are silent despite the fact that
the filament lights, the trouble may
sometimes be due to imperfect contact
between the prongs of the tubes and
the spring terminals of the socke,.
This trouble can be eliminated by
bending the latter up trifie to insure
q good connection.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

is a compound which, when placed in
liquid, absorbs that liquid, similar to
a sponge, and the particles of the col
lOid are held in suspension by the IL
quid. When the liquid is driven off
from the colloid by evaporation one
of two things will occur-either the
cOllOid will become hard, solid mass
incapable of reabsorbing liquid, or
will become solid again capable of
reabsorbing liquid.
ColIoid Classification.
Colloids of the former class are
called irreversible, and when solicited
after once absorbing liquid are in
coagulated state Colloids of the lat
ter class are called reversible.
If a colloid solution be examined
under powerful and sensitive micro
scope it will be noticed that there is
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Glass Jar, Two Electrodes, and Colloid
Solution Necessary.

constant movement of the particles in
the liquid. This movement is given
two explanations. One is that each
particle of the colloid has a charge of
electricity and each particle is charged
at the time polarity. The second
theory is that the liquid molecules are
constantly striking the colloid parti-
cles. The impact between the mole
cules and particles gives the noticed
particle movement.
How Test Can Be Made.
No matter which may be the real
cause of this movement, and either
may be wrong, still it is acceded that
it is this particle movement which
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Followed Friends Advice

Vienna, South Dakota. : "After
my second child was born I was COM
pletely rundown and didn't care for
anything. I had sharp pains in my
sides and white discharge and was
nervous and weak. I didn't seem to
care how I neglected my work. A
friend told me about Lydia E. Pink.
hams Vegetable Compound and ]
took it for two months the first time
and one month the last time. It has
helped me in a great many ways and
the pains have left me entirely. Icer
tainly wish you to know how much
benefit I havereceived. "-Mrs.G.W w.
FREEMAN, Vienna, South Dakota.
Such letters and successful rec
ord of fifty years should convince
every ailing woman that Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegetable Compound is
the medicine she needs. For sale by
druggists everywhere.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
(Edited by Douglas wardrop

shown in the diagram and source of
high potential current connected to the
correct leads a concentration of parti-
cles around one electrode will be early
discerned by the increased coloration
around that electrode.
When a colloid solution is to be en-
ployed as a rectitier of radio signals it
is prepared as shown in Fig. ,. A
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Crystal Detectors for Economy

The use of crystal detector in a
reflex set, or in fact any set employ
ing radio frequency-ampIificat will
eliminate the use of one extra vacuum
tube and simplify operation.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
after BABY ARRIVES
Many Mothers Weak, Nervous
Lydia e. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
Helps to Restore Health

it had done her so much good. I had
headaches and tired feelings, with
no ambition, also pains at times 80 it
hurt me to walk. With the Vegetable
Compound ] took Lydia e. Pinkham's
Blood Medicine and used Lydia e.
Pinkham's Sanative Wash, and /
have been greatly helped. / do hope
you will use my letter as testimonial
as it will help other women. Mrs.
GEORGE SHOEMAKER, 349 Emslie St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Vernier Potentiometer
Will Give Satisfaction

When using a potentiometer in a
radio frequency circuit, great difficulty
is sometimes experienced in bringing
in weak stations without having the
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

bearing his tambu. Neither the girl
nor her father has then any further
choice in the matter. The wedding
has got to be.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

Agreat many letters similar to the
following recommend Lydia e. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound as q Won
derful medicine for bringing the new
mother back to normal health and
strength.
1t is an excellent restorative, con-
tains no harmful drugs, and can be
taken in safety by nursing mother.
Thousands Of mothers who have
regained their strength by taking it
are its best recommendation. Why
not take it yourself?
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Now Wen Again

Milwaukee, Wisconsin," After !
had my second child / felt sick and
nervous and could not do much. Then
after the other baby came I was
worse than ever. ] suffered this way
for long time and did not know
what to do. was looking over my
cook books, and found one of your
little books and sat down and read
every page. Then ] bought a bottle
Of Lydia e. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound and took four bottles Of it
before ] stopped, and now am well
again. ! always recommend the
Vegetable Compound to my friends"
Mrs. JOHN MrTzKE. 773 9th Ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Buffalo, N. Y. MY health got
worse after my little girls birth, and
my mother advised me to try Lydia
E.Pinkham's Vegetable Compound az
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Children Cry for "Castoria !"
Especially Prepared for Infants and Children of All Ages

Mother! Fletcher's Castoria has
been in use for over 80 years as a
pleasant, harmless substitute for
Castor Oil, Paregoric, Teething Drops
and Soothing Syrups. Contains no
narcotics. Proven directions are on
each package. Physicians everywhere
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

The number of pupils enrolled in
public high schools in the United
States increased from ], 156,995 in 1871
to 2,1S1.2 16 in 1920.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Proper Schedule

Miss Askam-And do you. paint
nothing but animals, Mr.. Smears7
Smears-Well, on Fridays 1 paint
fish.-London Humorist-
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
In Close Pursuit

81 sent my son to college for the
pursuit of knowledge" said the angry
father, land two years later l dis
owned him."
what was the trouble?
"Well. he got to be too fast"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

gives colloid solution its rectifying
this can be made by using the APP
paratus shown in Fig. l. A glass U
tube, colloid, distilled water and two
platinum or aluminium electrodes are
necessary. These colloids may be pro-
cured in most drug supply houses.
With the apparatus mounted as
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

Trifles make perfection, and perfec-
ton is no trifle.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

Encouraging
"When can hope to receive the
money you owe me?"
Always" Boston Transcript.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05
Man

The grandest sight in the world is
a man; the saddest sight in the world
is the wreck of man; the nobiest
work in the world is the building of
a mani. Wilbur Messer.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

IVY p ASHINGTON.-Upon the
NY retirement of General Per-
wv shing as chief of staff, U. s.
ond tho SuonaCSinp nf
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

recommend it. The kind you have
always bought bears signature Of
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1924-09-05

To see what is right, and not do it,
is want of courage.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-05-14
AUTHORIZATION
 COTTON FEATURE.
New Crop Months Steady On Prospects Of Un-
 settled Weather

NEW YORK, May 13s-Festures of a comparatively narrow cotton market today were the liquidation Of few long accounts in May and the relatively steady ruling of new crop months on prospects for unsettled weather in the southwest. After easing off to 3000e May rallied to 31.20c and closed at 31.15c, or z points net lower. Later months closed very steady, and from 5 to 15 points net higher.
 The market opened steady at an ad- vance of to IS points but quickly weakened. Notices representing about 5000 bales led to selling of May and the decline in that position unsettled later deliveries. July edseJ off to 2S.52 and October to 24.88. making net declines of about 10 to 20 points. but the early offerings were soon absorbed and prices turned upward on the prospect for cool weather in the western belt. I A report that private eturns showed domestic consumption of 507, 600 bales for April, against 577, 900 last year, at tracted some bullish comment and July rallied to 2S.81c, while October sold at 24:95 in the late trading. A private crop report estimated the increase in acreage at five per cent.
 Exports today, 27,606, making, B. 164, ,366 50 far this season. Port re- ceipts, 7,492. United States port stocks, 419,629.
 NEW YORK COTTON
 NEW YORK. May t3.--fsliewin0 are tho opeAs lns. hlshest lowest and slsslaa aastAtIens ea the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-05-14
SI0KS RECORD
 MODERA1E GAIN
mEr TkzhflgrS Sarceed I'm Umeuwxriizg Number
 Of Wezk Spaks

KElW W1HK, MhE 1a-StDek HEEiEH zsfnUrHsH BnRe@ufH, lmpruFemenf. i'm stBliEk di1in mzrHeat Whlie there WIFE am afizslr@ aff -<meEni selling pres s1zEe, aEzr Eruzff9E Sz1rneHaleaf m uncover I1ES a mumilEr aif wsaE saatSs in the rub sifar, ss1E4rr, ttxEflk ansfl motor acees- ssary EnnEuS, ssslinr of which w2S. in 1ilnszzzsH iE uufnr1xmfla trulfe repeFtss
 MIur af tflR Ssnnlfhrrf inIftnsxrfaIs inn aznUMel ffnusfimM{IE unitesl Stmtes aaznznnan us1nz@H Fl hiSfen afs 94ssS after Awvng E6lzl 4x hzEh att 9szL.. Ameri-- nxzn 6,m ttmnsiEh nfrf% and thezn slip 4EsE AxHfsk tnp nl4fl1e.; up A- Baldwin xsluzs1 z& aiEfl4r zE 1lE.
 Uafx an tfire urssess- eaunhinexf with uma1rts ali zuunsIszlk sk1wlnE apprexE nsiftalw Z.zftNl4taD rfirs In the hzndss of nsuluifRntarreR zulG demiexsE brought EfrsAh xa2linEs anftD Efir rT1b6er group Ea2I Springfield s Bex e@mt1 pFefexred aslaEl Hsae Htlfislasr s<zEEh hruEep HE points lz1t nzazt aff rfaR Gffszn EssRs wexe heid no 61zrdfimzg.
 sS1E~r &lMees R1st =rpunI on the pub1 Bimffim aff rrs1szsR estimates of the CiIilzn axup. Ghfim GAnn preferred zliEUzeHil a mt RHB sff 0Re p@inr at 56 znnH EfiEe affiFgr ~uEfre ISxneH ree8Rded MEsaEu1R usesGEsNmz. QufMF0Enble afiNizRnnE uunuE inxnired the selling of ztlfe mnakM aEzEeaEarfss-sSN Of which zf1islrsf uHsw Rrw ue1mf& fBr the WsErr. Hlssv1uSfEas SpnuE waS hammered itBrzn stRzD 1adizfE no 9fS and then aafIiied rtD 1f2. SseEarE1 Warner which aBEss3ze &i1S uaanfts YessHgTfAT reegFeEefl lgh tt8l7Fv ffsSlbBrznE 0fffraHn delial of BaurE tfiMEt rfin 9EsEzaE1 diFlnend was ln zau1nm
 lAnEarrxm Wam5em sEiEmpeE tn 627z wn aanIr szsIfnE ami tfiEn rnflied tnD 6ssz Hu zi nnst An# sf n74 an tfzH day. Other solftstIuiinE wzz& slaas lnct1ded Con ,SalsaTm, WfItgm une4e9THzt., CRuc10Le sstesl, Nssw NGHiE 1tEr HfzSe amt Man- assfttm KiiTrt, aff Il TpD 5IIz1 points. Mar lEulH 0Eil =xIilsaT n pWIntf mn rrspanze t0, a EfsFunzRiI4e HzMErHzfT rEH@rt1 and good asErvirr wssx uusesH nm Ga16Rmaio Fuel, K7unarzN EslEstEf.. BRnakftm Manhattan gErsfarEaH, asmzaSiEFhfH1F GiEars MaIlin> sxsgn silk, WmYizurrfa zn1f She'll Union s0Iil, zIl lrp a um6zft Gr- mOEe2 NeB M8Ik sIlmtsk liHuEz sznAh SzInelE more, zfia1n 6fBar aa5nfhS.
 Nm Efin mIffnaaE EruMp the strength sssf 8IiEezEuEsEEsR zuEfl Gf1IG, whIch HEf- wuHln<Ed R lsai1ft ttD 7ff and then slipped 8zEnsk stO HULA, wzzB e@HntERmcEef hY the asaHxirEHw aff NzHffdk and Western =-szaisfsh sslzEzH at Etn. @HEszz Tzffs zzswA zsfl within uzIrnUw zuIf irrHguIAr limits
 49zln nmRey confirmed tn rzlea zEi 3114. 1Ear useft with pS1zfE aff fanfS aENii&hie mt Etiuft ffirrre TfimH m1meE and conn mzgreH1 1Hpgar mMrfanss wE9HE quIez1 wlth mo xslHuxa i'm nfeGE.
 HamaiHE aznztanEz& hEAif S<ezdy in sg1iist srrRfizE ueanMnT sterling ruiesf ssfi9irfty lliSlHr zFnuuiH SS61k, and HaEsmnh ffrnEEs waER RuNleEmfe4F aetITe must zllBve jEfD OzslfS
 UatEil sSnmsk SzlReg. 5s7Ss7 s7EMl
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-05-14
NEW ORLEANst COTroN

NEW OAAEAN6s COIEON g isfl7
 NEW ORLEANS. May 13.-AithonRh the cotton market had periods of activity to- day, 1t was generally narrow with fluc- tuations frequent. Most of the days de- velopments were of conservative chafac- ter and the price trend was upward There was little trading in May. That month traded between 30.59 and 30. soc, and 30.7sc was bid at the close. July traded down to 2S.1Fc in the early morning and gradually advanced to 2s.4sc, an upward spread of fS2 points. October declined IS points at the start and advanced later 26 points to 2{.25c. December followed much the same course as October. All active months eased off moderately in the final few minutes of trading. the new crop months showing the greater loss The close showed net gains of IA points on, July and l to 4 points on new crop months.
 The opening was steady. despite an i'm different Liverpool Prices. soon eased off moderately on raffAAr better weather overnight and a fairly. favorable weather map. The low points of the day, were reached in the first hour of trading. :.
 Astoreeast of showers and colder westi- CT in the western belt started shorts to covering and prices were kept on the tp- grade during the greater part of the ses- sion with occasional weak attempts at re- action.
 The slight recession in the last few minutes was due to realizing and lack of persistent buying support.