davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Grain Briefs

CHICAGO Jan. 15.--Flour nllled In the
United States in November as reported by
the Department of Commerce. required 27S.2
rounds of -four per barrel.
Corn IS expected TO continue az the mar
ket leader. Il Is domestic proposition
and not 50 susceptible as wheat 70 the in
huen>e NJ foreign political and financial con-
dltiOps.
With Kansas City cash wheat premiums
the highest In the country Eastern mills
are undressing US from SOC to 81 a barrel
which is possible through the use Of a
large percentage of cheaper Canadian grain
than is being ground at these centers. South
western miIers declared.
Wheat traders see indications of leading
iOnSs having sold considerable wheat of late
and say that should corn break. wheat will
follow
OF the 500 600 bushels Of Manitoba wheat
sold for export Monday, about half was sold
n direct cables.
Contract wheat stocks In public elevators
in Chicago decreased 346,0 bushels last
week; corn. $4,000 bushels, and oats. $780,
zoo bushels.
Local WAGON Wheat
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
CUBS SELL MAJORITY
STOCK OF ANGEL CLUB
veeck Says Job Too Great to Handle
From Chicago.

VCCCA Guys OOU AOO AC6b ~ AASaANaC
From Chicago.
By United Meas
LOS ANGELES. Jan. 15.-William
l. Veeck, president Of the Chicago
National League Club, sold 5000
shares Of stock In the Los Angeles
club OF the Pacific Coast League to
Joseph H. Patrick Monday. Patrick
now holds controlling interest in the
club.
THE next time the Cubs become in
teresteo in a minor league team We
will own 1t outright, but we will
never again attempt to line up with a
city a. big as Los Angeles" Veeck
declared.
Trying to solve the problems Of
Pacific Coast League team requires
the attention of men who are in close
touch with the local situation. 1t can't
be done from a swivel chair In Chi
cago."
Patrick has been president Of the
club since It's purchase by William
Wrigley, Jr.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Building Permits

John H. Dudley, double. 1902 Manlove
So 500
J. W schwab. remodel, $50 E. Washing
eon, $3.50
Charles E. Conner. addition, 1922 Cornell.
$500
C. e Phinney. furnace, 11S N Arsenal.
]. D. Van De venter, repairs, 1913 E.
Twenty-Third. 81 900.
John Kot double $50 Fletcher $4,000
John Kot, furnace, $50 Fletcher, 5000.
$500
Glenn Ralston, reroof. $40 Birch $500
Thomas c. WhallOn. dwelling, 2614 E
Fifteenth, 81 500.
E. Cline. garage. 215s N. De Quincy,
81 200
baldwin block, repair elevator. Delaware
and Market, $500.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Tank WAGON Prices

(Gasoline prices quoted do not include
State tax of &c a gallon.)
GASOLINE-Energee zoe gallon:
Purol. 1929; Red Crown. 1920; Target,
1929; Silver Flash. zoe: Stsndolind avia-
ton bose
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 11.7c More
Aight, IA Csc: Perfection. 10.7c.
s0.Olc.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
LOCAL COMPANY SHOWS
EXCELLENT EARNINGS
Rub-Tex Products Earns $93,826. SO
In Year just Ended.

Earnings OF s93.S2S.36 for the year
1928. more than double those of 1922.
were shown in a report made public
today by directors OF the Rub-Tex
Products Company. whose plant is
located at n. West and Fourteenth
SITS. following meeting of stockhold-
ers last night
The report shows that after divi-
dends on preferred stock have been
deducted. a surplus of .1S4 per cent
was earned on the common stock
The board passed a resolution to pay
ali accumulated dividends on pre-
ferred stock on Feb. u. All directors
were reelected by the stockholders.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Foreign Exchange

By United Financial
NEW YORK. Jan. 15.--Foreign exchange
opened: Sterling. demand. 4.24 a cable,
E424R French. demand 445c; cable,
<45hc Lire, demand. 4.40 = c; cable. 4 41c.
Basgian, demand. 405 1ac: cable. .4-O6c.
Marks, 4.5O0. coo. 600 900 TO the dollar.
Czecho, demand 290Ac cable. $50 q c.
Swiss demand. II .29c; cable, II .31c Gull
ders, demand 81 04c; cable. 81. orc. Pesetas.
demand. IL 7Sc: cable. 12.SOc. Swede. de-
mand. 26.14c: cable, 26.ISc- Norway. de-
mand IL 16c: cab.e, 14-20c. Denmark, de-
mand. 1734c; cable II .36c.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
STONE PLANT BURNS

Fire OF Unknown Origin Causes Pr0ba-
bic Loss Of $4,000 at Greencastls.
BIZ Times Special
GREENCASTLE, Ind, Jan. 15.--
Fire Of unknown origin early today
destroyed the plant of the Midwest
Crashed Stone Quarries Company, on
the edge Of the city. Loss is proba-
bly, $50.
All buildings except a small office
and a, blacksmith shop burned. The
plant was one Of the largest stone
crushing concerns In the Middle West
Main offices are in Indianapolis.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
FORENOON BOND TRADING
ACTIVE, BUT IRREGULAR
IndustriaIs Are Changed but Little
While Sugars Are Higher.
BN United FinonciaI

BIZ United Financial
NEW YORK, Jan. 15.-The fore
noon bond market was active today
hut on the whole irregular.
French IS, SO. off "a TINS, 80, un.
changed. Marsellles 6s, rs, off /.
Heavy trading in the rails featured
st. Paul issues were fractionally
higher; As Is, made a new high above
rs. reacting to 70, up Is; convertible
ANS SIS, up "a Reading new AVS,
S9%, up IS; general As s9%, off "a.
Erie Seaboard and Frisco issues were
steady. The fractions were steady.
There was little change in the in
dustrials. Sugars were lightly higher
with East Cuba 71as at 1O7A, up q
Punta convertible Is 1099s, up u.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
CURB INFLUENCED BY
HEAVINESS ELSEWHERE
Oils Generally Sluggish, Despite Fresh
Price Increases.

Olis GENERALLY sluggish, Despite Fresh
Price Increases.
By United Financial
NEW YORK, Jan. 15.-The curb
market continued under influence Of
heaviness noted elsewhere in the early
dealigs today. An early feature was
a 24point jump In Maracaibo Oil Z
per cent bonds to new high of 1926
Other oils were sluggish, despite the
additional crude oil and gasoline
prices. Vacuum at 57% was off 4
Standard of Indiana was at 66h, or
Is, and Mutual at IL.
The motors were heavy, REQ 1873,
off Is. and Stutz. 1917. off e. Radio
at 41s was of 4, while Dublier was
up n.
Gold Dust. after opening weaker
at 3415, recovered to 35.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
CAN STOCKS LEAD
OTHERS IN QUIET
; MARKET RECOVERY
Oils Continue Rise Under
Leadership of Maracaibo
at New High,
BUYING is IMPRESSIVE
Initial Selling Is Rapidly Alb
Sorbed, Leaving Whole
List Free,
The WALL STREET JOURNAL
BUYING is IMPRESSIVE
The WALL STREET JOURNAL

NEW YORK. Jan. IS. - French
francs rallied in the early market
dealings today but further unsettle-
ment took place in stocks, owing to
the successful effort made by the
house Democrats and radicals to
force the repeal of the Underwood
rule limiting debates and amendments
which action the Republicans fear
may cause a llibuster on the tax bill.
Most of the industrial leaders were
active around the low levels Of the
movement but the list, after the
INITIAL selling had been absorbed, re-
lShecting important buying.
First Hour
Stocks experienced further recovery
In the first hour under the stimulus
of support buying of Can stocks, re-
decting the BELIEF that earnings this
year will maintain the highly favor
able rate Of 1928. Continental Can re-
bounded to practically the best level
OF the current rise while American
Can rallied over a point from the low
Of the previous session. Maracaibo
OIL continued its rapid rise, reaching
a further new high at 33A, against
Mondays low of 2SA on the prospect
Of important developments in the Ven
ezulan fields.
Second Hour
Although francs lost all their early
recovery, stocks rallied sharply
throughout the list in the late morn
ing, demonstrating how little the dis
tHrbances in foreign exchanges had
10 do with Mondays reaction in the
stock exchange. Recoveries Of 1 to
points in Baldwin. American Can.
Steel and other industrial leaders
was followed by a sharp rebound
in various specialties Computing
tsbuIating- ReCording was especially
prominent because Of revival If
rurnors that National Cash Register
sought to acquire the company.
Noon Hour
A slight Improvement in stocks was
noted in the noon dealings, though the
volume of transactions was insufficient
to cause any sensational turn in the
shrice trend. Most Of the mornings
zlctive leaders forged slowly forward,
though no great show of aggressive
ness was given. Selling pressure,
however. was notably absent and the
recent group Of proft-takers seemed
to have suspended operations tempo
rarily, most of the members having
taken their profits in the previous
session.
Twenty active industrial stocks on
Monday averaged 95.6S of ISL per
cent Twenty active rails averaged
s1.75, OF IS per cent.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15

State bank in Missouri outside OF s..
Louis and Kansas City. failed to open
it's doors today, following two runs
last week. 1t had resources Of
81 .0O0, 900.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15

BEAUTY, ISN'T SHE BOYS? WOULD MIND SHE
TOOK ADVANTAGE PREROGATIvE OF AND
LITTLE PROPOSING? DRAWBACK IS THAT SHE
SHE AFTER ALBERT RED
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY MUs1-
COMEDY. RIDDLE" PRODUCED ENTIRE
STUDENTS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Local Bank ClearingS

Indianapolis bank c,ear1ngs Tuesday were
oGO12,OO Bank debts were S7,037,00O
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
Dressed Beef Prices

Wholesale selling prices on dressed beef
Swift & Co: Ribs-No. 2. soc: No l. TIC.
Loins-No 2. 25c. No 8. 1Sc Rounds
No 2. zoe; No. 8. 15c Chucks-No. 2.
ISc: No. 2. loo Plain--NO. 2, So; No.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
MISSOURI BANK FAILS

BIZ United Press
SPRINGFIELD. Mo. Jan. 15.--The
Holland Banking Company. largest
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15

Local Wagon Wheat
Local mills and elevators are paying 81
for No. red wheat
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15
CHICAGO Grain Table

CHICAGO. Jan. 15.-Car lot receipts:
Wheat, 80; corn. 212: oats. 50; rye. 6.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-01-15

Z 81
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
BRYAN OPPOSED ID
 TNO-THIRDS RULING
FaVOrS Change in Democratic
 Convention Regulations

Pittsburgh, June i9.--Wiliam Jen- nings Bryan, leader of the Florida delegation to the democratic national convention said today he would favor abolition of the two thirds rule in the convention if the presnt state unit rule also was abolished. Mr. Bryan. who was cn route to New York, stop ped here lo deliver a lecture.
 He declined 10 discuss candidates saying his delegation was pledged to support William Gibbs McAdoo for the presidential nomination. He said he expected 10 be n member Of the resolutions committee.
 At present the twn-thirds rule is the only protection against the unit rule" he declared
 "lndcr the unit rule, f6 delegates out Of 90 tn New York can use as they will the other A, The same is true of any state that has the unit rule. ln inc four big states. New York. Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio. bare majority of the delegates can control a minority amounting to something like ig5 delegates A similar eombina- ton could control the smaller states: thus little more than a third Of the delegates might be able 10 nominate in spite Of a majority protest"
 MT. Bryan said he thought the re publican plan Of allowing the states 10 instruct delegutes-at-larre, leaving congressional districts to instruct dis trict delegates. much more fair than ours"
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19

he had struck Mrs. B. B. Boyle of 57 iillcrest avenue while backing into the curbing at the Farrell Clothing O., on Main street.
 Mrs. Boyle suffered from numerous abrasions and bruises about the body and was taken to her home In a ma chine where she was treated by Dr. Peter w. Fox. The police received notice the day before yesterday that Jakubiaks license had been suspend ed, and when he was taken to the station and searched, a letter from the commissioner of motor vehicles notifying Him to that effect was found.
 Excused For Graduation
 Morris Lipman of 15l Washington street. charged with operating with out an operators license, had his case continued until tomorrow to enable him to attend the exercise at school.
 jitncy Driver In Collision
 Walter Gurazda of 176 Washington street, a iitney driver. had his case continued until Monday morning at the request of Attorney Michael A. Sexton, who appeared for him. Prosecutor Joseph G. Woods offered no objection 10 a continuance.
 Gurazda was arrested following an investigation made by the police into an accident in which the bus operat- cd by him crashed into a machine near Park street.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
Hit by Motorcycle and
 Removed to Hospital

George Mcl<jaycn Of 70 Allen Stree, was struck just before noon today by d motorcycle being driven by Robert Holzman Of 20 Whiting street at the corner or church and Elm streets. Nck.aVen received injuries that nr- cessiiatcd his removal to the New Britain general hospital for treatment. Ilc Was badly bruised about he body. and further examination will br made at the hospital te determine whether he suffered any internal in- jury. According tc the story told of tbe affair, McElavern stepped out in front of the motorcycle in such way thai it vas impossiblt for Holzman 10 avoid hitting him.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
City Items

Al hearing before Compensation Commissioner Leo J. Noonan in Hart ford yesterday inc claim Of Joe Pol- laoWski of this city against the Stan Icy Works was denied because Of lack Of evidence to suhstantiate the claim.
 Eddie Anderson of Rogers will bowl Thompson or Commercial alleys at Rogers Recreation tonight.-adyt.
 Tomorrow afternoon at o'clock thc committee 10 arrange for the com irg io Nrw Britain August r of the national grange in T pilgrimage will meet at ihe Chamber Of Commerce rooms.
 Tomorrow Forenoon the automobile accessory and storage battery dealers will meet at tho Chamber of Com Hcrc" rooms 10 discuss closing hours for he summer
 The annual commencement dance Of Alpha Chapter Delta NJ fraternity will be held in the Burritt hotel toe morrow evening. Dancing will be en- joyed from E to I o'clock and music will bc furnished lay Lea Lyons or- chestra of Meridcn.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
RIVAL CREWS ARE | WAITING FOR GUN
Yals aEi Harvard 0aT5leR Have
 Final RsleaTsaIS

New London, Conn. June f9,-A5 the Yale and Harvard crews eased off III their training and confined their work today to light paddles on the Thames, New London began to take on holiday atmosphere in preparation for tOmorrows Harvard-Yale regatta the 5Ith rowing meet Of the Blue and Crimson.
 A number Of yachts lay at anchor in the harbor bringing alumni and guests 10 the races. and already the bregatta crowd was tricklus into New London, whose streets were gay with the coIors Of the traditional opponents on the Thames. Stakes along the four mile course carried away by the river traffic were renewed this morning and the drawing for lanes, set for the af- ternoon, was the only detail of prep aratiUns remaining undone. At the Harvard crew quarters at Red Top the mornings work was confined to paddle on the river and a few racing starts carried out under the direction of William A. Meikle ham, referee. The Blue crews at Gales Ferry contented themselves with a short paddle.
 Late today the preliminary events of the regatta, the combination crews and graduates races will be rowed on the upper part of the course, the for mer at two miles, the latter at half a mile. Tomorrow will be given over to the freshman and junior varsity events in the forenoon and the varsity race at five o'clock, weather permit ting,
 The situation that would arise in the event Of bad water conditions forcing postponement Of the varsity race has been causing uneasiness in both camps. The Yale crew. America's Olympic representatives, must sail from New York Saturday on the Ho- merle for France. If conditions are unfavorable for racing at the sched- uled time tomorrow, the rfoe will be postponed until S:$0 o'clock with the change of tide. Postponement after that hour would mean cancellation of the race, it is believed here.
 The Yale management announced today that the crew will leave Gales Ferry by special train at midnight Friday for New York 10 take their boats Saturday.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
ACCUSES MEANS OF
 RETAINING .s5,OOO
Man Says It Was Paid for Whis-
 key Which Wasn't Delivered

New York. June 19.-Jacoh Stein. i former Brooklyn lawyer, testified to-
 day at the trial of Gaston R. Means. i department Of justice agent. on a charge of violating the prohibition law, that $5,o00 which had been paid on account in whiskey deal in 1922 had been kept by Means, but that no whiskey had been delivered.
 Stein said he took Harry Stcinfold, of this city, to see Means and ar- range for whiskcy withdrawal from a New York warehouse. Steinreld paid Means s5,QoO on account. Stein said, but the whskey was never moved and Steinfcld did not get his money back.
 Counsel for Means objected to this testimony and moved for mlstrial on the ground that tho evidence was illegal but Judge Wolvcrton denied the motion,
 Stein nlso testified that he took Charles ". Johnson, former distIller Of Uniontcwn. Pa, 10 Means for his aid in getting SO barrels Of whiskey from a aisiillery in Brownsville, Pa, The witness said Means instructed him 10 bring to Means hotel only persons who had 'the cash S20o barrel"
 Stein admitted under cross-oxam- ination that he hnd served 90 day jail sentence in 1919 for criminal as- sauit for which he was debarrcd from practicing law, and that he had been indicted in Brooklyn in a liquor ease which had never been tried. Last June, he suld, hc was appointed a department of justice agent and as- signed 10 investigate Means.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19

Automobile fatalities generally show an increase in number each year.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
WoHAx MUST LEAVE CITY,

The man wf0 appeared al tha
 home of Mrs. James Andrews of BIS Church streht yesterday and demand e1 that .sbc prepare t0 eo 10 Massa-
 chnsctts with hun ras a state agent. The woman is tg be aeporfed from
 the state and sent back 10 I.tIJiou. Mass. from which town she came 70 this city some time ae0. Since coming hsrs sf1H has be6n supported hy Al 1rews. zbo las ? aauEhfsr 2 years old Fy h7r. They were married here Feb. IT, of this year.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
City Advertisement
GRAVEL ROADWAY AND BRIDGE
 CONSTRUCTION
New Britain, Conn.
 1, A fan 4

June lb, 1874.
 Scaled proposals will be received i by the Board of Park Commissioners of New Britain. Conn. until p. nj. on June 30, 1924 for the grading and construction of about 1000 feet of gravel roadway and ono bridge at Willow Brook park, in the City of l New Britain,
 A set Of plans and specifications may be obtained from Ralph D. i Wainwright, Superintendent of Parks, New Britain. or from Thomas H. Desmond, Landscape Architect, Sims bury, Conn, upon deposit of se.00 said deposit 10 be refunded to unsuc- cessful bidders upon the return of the said plans and specifications be- fore July 3l. 1924.
 Each bid must be accompanied by a certified check. payable to inc order of the City of New Britain. in the amount Of S5Do0O. or by satisfac- tory bond for this amount as asguar- antee that the bidder will enter into contract within 10 days after the award Of the bid Checks or bonds of unsuccessful bidders will be re- turned 10 them immediately after the final action on the proposals. The right is reserved to reject any or all bids.
 By order of the Board of Park Commissioners of The City sof New Britain conn.
 w F BROOKS. Chairman Dated. June 16 1924.
 The Herald Classified Ad depart ment is by far and away ihe hoa in
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
Leaves s1 Apiece tO His
 Three Sons and Daughte,

The will of John D. Humphrey pro- t.dss hequests of si each To John D Raymond and Harold Hufuphrey. sons of the tsstator. and a like amount to Jtssie. daughter. The residue. in- ciE5ing interests in a patent. is left 10 Charles Humphrey.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
MODERATES DOWN
 . FARM-LABOR REDS
But Way Left Open for ColnIlun-
 iStS--PIatiOrm Causes Tilts
Ia Toilette Holds Aluof

Washington, June l9.- Senator La Toilette has authorized no one 10 communicate with the promo tcrs Of the national farmcr-lahor- progressive convention now in session at st. Paul, nor con- cerned himself in any manner with it's proceedings" Robert M. la Toilette, Jr. said in a Statc- ment issued today on behalf of his father.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
Runs Down Pedestrian

Frank JGkubiak Of 80 Gold street. charged with operating while his li- csnss was suspended, had his case continued until Saturday morning. He vas arrested yesterday afternoon hr Traffic Policeman John stadler after
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19

The Herald Classified Ad depart ment is by far and away ihe hoa in inc rity.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-19
MILLIONS IN PLEDGES

Cambridge, Mass, June 1s-Pledses totalling S9,2So.5o5 as a result of the campaign for the extension sf the na- tiunal service of Harvard university were announced hy Bishop William Lawrence, chairman of the campaign committee at the alumni meeting to- day This will he divided among the graduate school Of business admin istration and the departments of chemistry and fine arts.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-03
Caliph's Treasures
Sold BY Turks

Constantinople, AUG. 10 GA. T. by
MaiD-The question Of what Is 10
be done with the treasures Of tie
caliph is occupying front rage space
III all Turkish newspapers. These
treasures contain some of the most
valuable gems in existence.
One group of papers demands that
the treasure he sold at international
auction. so that the money may be-
come available for much needed pur-
poses Of reconstructinE the country
and for relieving distress among the
abjectly poor.
Until 1915 the treasure was kept In
the Palace Of Top-kapu. After TIE
present regime succeeded to power
it was brought 10 the mosque o:
Achmed Pasha At AnEora. The
treasure includes the gems and works
Of art collected by the sultans and
caIiphs through centuries. There a, q
necklaces OF walnut sized diamonds
nedalions OF rubies and topaz. chains
Of pearls Of priceless value, diaden.s
End crowns of precious stones, gol =
let's and cups If gold and silver.
swords and sciritars and pistols set
with Jewels, and the famous saddles
Of the sUltans and princes. which are
studded with diamonds and othcs
precious stones.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-03
Russian DOmestics
Fare The Best

Moscow, Aug. 10 CA. p. by MaiN-
American housewives who think
their servant problem 6ifficult one
should turn to Eolshevist Russia
where housemaids, cooks and pantry
orkers demand many more privil-
eees than do servants In the CriteS
States. In addition to an eisht-hout
oay and one day of each week.
servants here have months vaca-
ton during the year. full insurance.
the risht TO attend trade union
meetings whenever they desire. ana
other liberties.
In Moscow employers must supp"
their 6omestics with two dresses 4
year. two pairs OF shoes, four pairs
Of stockings. half a dozen aprons
and numerous other articles.
AS class. Russian ser, ants arc
now better off than any other cate
SCry Of workers. They draw more
salary than skilled workmen, enjoy
greater freedom, better food. and
superior living accommodations, Their
position in present-day Russlan
hfc is SO strong that special courts
rave been established by the govern
mcnt to hear their grievances.