davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
OUTLINES THE 1924
FARMERS PROGRAM
Russell Offers Suggestions
for Keeping Wisconsin
in the Foreground.

With an eye toward keeping VISION
sin in her foremost place among the
agricultural states of the nation III.
L. Russell, dean Of the Wisconsin Col
lege Of Agriculture, has mapped out
an agricultural program for the year
1924.
The Badger dean believes that by
growing more legumes producing quail
ity products, making a study of the
markets, practicing efficient marketing
methods, keeping accurate tab on the
farm income and by making the state
self-supporting Wisconsin will have
nothing to fear in the way Of losing
her prestige among the agricultural
population Of the nation,
Basing his thoughts on the above
Dean Russell sets out the following
program for Wisconsinites to follow
during 1924:
First, and foremost, 1t seems neces-
sary and wise in these days Of high
labor costs. and high freight rates, to
make our farms just as near self-sus-
tanning as possible. When we realize
that farm labor wages. though they
may not have scared to the heights
which urban industry is now able to
secure, are yet far above pre-war fig
ures, and that every finished farm
product is made up in large measure
Of labor, it is obvious that the farmer
should keep his cash outlay for labor
at a minimum. In this way he can
convert his own labor and that OF his
family into tangible cash return be-
fore he Is forced to disburse his re-
turns for hired labor.
ION our farms in Wisconsin where
live stock and its products already
make up over so per cent Of our farm
income, 1t Is doubly necessary that we
free ourselves as far as practicable
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

be noted in yelIoW-skinned breeds.
The heavy layers can usually be dis
tinguished by the faded-out appear
ance Of the vent, eye ring, beak, skin,
and shanks. This is due to the fact
that the laying fowl uses up the sur
plus fat in the body for egg production,
using it especially from the skin. The
fat carries with it the color pigment
so that the good layer has lighter
colored shanks. skin and beak than has
the poor layer.
Poultry profits are not based alto
gether on the number of hens in the
flock, but rather on the number Of
eggs that the hens lay. The elinina-
ton Of the poor layer from the flock
should begin about the first week in
June or as soon as the production be-
gins TO decrease perceptibly, and
should continue during the summer and
fall. The accompanying diagram
shows the points that should be given
special consideration when culling the
poor layers out Of the flock.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
CULLING HEN FLOCK
INCREASES PROFITS

The first essential for high egg pro-
duction is healthy and vigorous stock,
says H. M. Wells, the extension poul-
tryman, of the University of Nebraska.
Birds that have any physical defects
should not be kept. The indications
In health and vigor are noted by a
good bright eye, a bright red comb
and an active disposition. The poor
layer will generally appear listless, in
active and have a poor appetite. The
hen that is first off the roost in the
morning, the last on the roost at night
and has a full good crop of feed when
she goes to roost, usually proves to
be the best layer.
Certain colors or pigment changes
also indicate whether a hen is good
layer or not, especially during the
summer months after al period Of
heavy laying. These color changes can
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Average prices of pure bred Short
horn and Hereford cattle for the first
six months Of 1923 were somewhat
lower than in 1922, whereas the Red
Polled and Aberdeen Angus were
slightly higher, according to survey
recently completed by the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Prices Of pure bred dairy cattle
show considerable variation, being
practically steady for Holstein and
Brown Swiss, higher for Jerseys, and
lower for Ayrshire and Guernseys.
The pure bred draft horse market
showed little activity. Average sale
price of pure bred sheep also showed
variations, the Dorset, Hampshire,
and Shropshire breeds being about
steady, with Lincoln, Oxford and Ram
bouillet showing declines, and South
down, Romney, Cheviot and Cotswoldl
showing advances
Pure Bred Beef Cattle.
Reports were made on 1884 pure
bred beef cattle. In most instances
the animals sold at auction brought
more than those sold privately, but
the bulk of each breed was sold at
private sale. The survey shows that
a number of pure bred bulls were sold
at lower price than they might have
brought had they been marketed as
steers at the same weight. A number
Of breeders reported that they were
not offering anything for sale but were
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Avoid Chilling Eggs in
Gathering for Matching

(Prepared by the United States Department
OF Agrfcuture.)
Eggs saved for Matching should be
gathered often enough through the
day to prevent any possibility of the
germs being killed from becoming
chilled, says the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, and for best
results should be stored in moder
ately cool place where the tempera-
ture is between so degrees and 70 de-
grees Fahrenheit. It is not advisable
to hold Matching eggs longer than ten
days or two weeks before being incu-
bated, and the fresher they are when
set the better the chances of good
hatch and strong chicks. It is harm
full to wash the eggs intended for
Matching, as the pores become filled
and the air is shut off from the living
embryo.
1t is also advisable to test the eggs
in each setting for the removal Of the
infertfle ones, which win give better
chance to those that are left. This
should be done about the sixth or sew
enth day. A simple homemade tester
can be made in few minutes from
a small wooden or pasteboard box Of
such size that common hand lamp,
lantern or candle can be placed in
It. "A hole should be cut in the top
directly over the flame, and another
a little smaller than an egg in one
side opposite the flame. The testing
should be done in a dark room.
In testing, the light shining through
the egg held against the hole in the
side of the box, shows the condition
of the egg. An infertile egg is clear,
while the fertile egg will show
spiderlike formation, a center with
long, crooked threads, leading out
ward, and this formation viii float as
the egg is turned.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

GENTLY Jared by adverse conditions
to pull themselves out Of old habitA
into newer and better methods. I'm
der the lash Of adversely, whether it
be low prices, bad luck, or otherwise,
now, as never before, should the prac-
tice Of the best farmers become the
heritage Of all. OF course it won't be
done; but he who does have the fore
sight to adopt newer, if better, meth
DDS, rises above the common herd,
emancipates himself from mediocrity,
and makes a big improvement in not
only his financial standing but his posi-
ton in the community.
Study the Markets Closely.
"The variation in cost of produc-
ton between different farmers often
far exceeds the variation in the market
value of any single crop. For In
stance, the cost of producing milk as
determined by our cost Of production
studies is far greater than the varia-
ton which is to be observed in differ
ent markets at the same time. One is
apt to find fault with the market and
charge that the low price to the pro-
Queer is caused by the manipulation OF
the few, whom he thinks are in control
of the channels of distribution. Near
by conditions which are often very
largely under our own control are
ignored. It is easier to rail at a more
remote evil that, as individuals, we
may be powerless to change.
''This leads to a post important need
Of farming. the necessity of maintain
ing farm records that will enable the
operator to know definitely whether
he is making a profit, or suffering a
loss on the different phases of his farm
business. Running a farm without
records is like running clock without
hands; in motion, it is true, but it
tells you nothing. The manufactures
knows he could not borrow money at
the bank to carry his purchases if his
accurate cost accounting system did
not tell him and his banker at any
moment what his production costs are.
He knows he must meet competition in
merchandising; he also knows that he
would be like a mariner on an I'M
charted sea, If he were selling his
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

goods without definite knowledge of
what his merchandise cost him.
'arhe farmer is no less manufac-
turer; it is just as indispensable that
he, too, knows his costs of producing
milk, live stock and grain crops to
keep his financial course charted. In
fact more so, for the farmer is less
able to control the prices he gets for
his finished product than the Indus
trial manufacturer
Efficient Marketing Must Come.
more and more the farmer sees
that his work is not done when the
crop is grown. 1--WE are past the days
of barter. Modern commerce demands
that one man dispose of the results of
his labor for cash and with that cash
he purchases those things he needs.
All producers, whether agricultural or
industrial, are, therefore, keenly in
terested in the processes of market
ing and merchandising.
'.With the farmer, will it be Coop
erative or not? It is not essential
which plan is followed; but it is es-
sentfal that marketing be efficient.
The extra and often the unnecessary
links in the distributive chain are the
main cause for the spread between
the producer and the consumer. More
and more the farmer is learning the
marketing problem himself; and for
that reason cooperative marketing is
making rapid Roadway at present. But
cooperative marketing is no cure-all.
It, too, must operate under the same
sound business principles as corporate
business if it is going to replace the
old order of things, but it IS very I'M
likely that it will ever displace in
large measure the existing machinery.
If it teaches the producer better BUSH
ness methods 1t is well worth the
effort: for a more considerate under
standing of the problem of both the
producer and distributor by each other
will help to produce better relation
ships.
mo program, agricultural or other
wise, is complete unless it ends in a
better home. Farming or business is
not what it. should be unless it makes
possible home ownership. satisfactory
living conditions, and the establish
ment of contented and enlightened
citizenry. OF late years, this objective
in farming has been enveloped in fog.
The occupants of the farm, whether
owners or tenants have been strug-
Cling with taxes, interest, or rents, ris-
ing living costs, and generally more
or less diminished labor returns. It is
this situation that has led many to
forsake the land for the city"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
BABIES ARE LIKE MONKEYS
Instinct to Initiate Others Leads
Them to Swallow Queer
Things.

Some people may not think their ba-
bies are descended from monkeys, and
I do not propose to argue that Ques-
tion. It is not necessary to do so. All
will agree with me that limitation is a
characteristic trait of the monkey and
that conspicuous trait Of all children
is the tendency to initiate their elders.
That is as far as we need go. When
mother, in changing her baby'S
clothes, holds one pin in her mouth and
lays others down within the baby's
reach, she is unwittingly, but none the
less effectively, teaching that child to
put safety pins in his mouth,
Naturally one outcome Of this dam
gerous practice is the swallowing Of
the pin or its disappearance into the
bronchial tubes. DR.. Chevalier Jack
son, in Hygeia, asserts that the bron-
choscopic clinic in Philadelphia has
nearly one hundred pins that have
been removed from the lungs, Threats
or stomachs of babies. In addition to
pins there are hundreds Of other ar
ticles, including tacks, peanuts (some-
times from peanut candy which when
the candy is dissolved leaves the pea.
nut in the baby's mouth, whence it
may be breathed into the lungs, small
toys, such as jacks, whistles and tiny
animals, seeds, kernels, buttons, beads.
coins and bones or gments Of bones,
that inevitably go into baby's mouth
if they once get into his hands.
Accidents from the breathing in of
these small articles are far more COM
mon than people realize and are natu-
rally highly dangerous A bronchosco-
pic clinic, of which there is at least one
in every large and many small cities,
specializes in the removal of foreign
bodies from the lungs or tubes that
lead to them. But prevention is worth
a great deal Of cure-do not let the
baby have such small articles to play
with-the death rate is high.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Bacteria Required for
Inoculating Bean Soil


Soil from an alfalfa field cannot be
used to inoculate ground for beans.
The bacteria which work on the beans
are quite different from those which
work on the roots of alfalfa. There is
perhaps as much difference between
the two as there would be between
sheep and cows, to make simple
illustration. There are several classes
of these bacteria which work on the
roots of the legumes. All the different
kinds of clover have much the same
bacteria. The alfalfa bacteria are
somewhat different, and also those Of
the bean or the COW pea. All these
different bacteria have been separated
and can be bought, safely packed in
bottles, so that they can be used with
out great trouble.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

from cash outlay for the purchase OF
such feeding stuffs as roughage. Some
concentrates we will always have to
purchase, for Wisconsin produces
neither wheat, cotton or fax, the by
products of which make up a consider
able part Of the feeding stuffs that are
used with our dairy and live stock,
TO continue, however, to import such
coarse forage crops as alfalfa hay that
could be so readily grown in our own
state, is anything but a sound business
policy. Alfalfa laid down in .Wiscon-
sin never gets down in price to cent
pound, and often is not far below
the farm price of some of our standard
grain crops. To the railroad goes more
for freight on such bulky, coarse COM
nodities than to the farmer in the
West who produces the crop. Surely
costs of production can never be low
cred to the point of maximum profit
when we pay out millions of dollars
for such feeds that can be raised at
home.
Grow More Legumes.
"This year, as never before, a
legume campaign should be put on
that would replace hundreds Of thou
sands of acres of low protein timothy
with such high protein feeds as al
falfa, clover and soy bean hay. The
drought of last summer proved to
many farmers that alfalfa, by virtue
of its deeper root system. was able to
stand the weather better than clover.
With lime, incubation, and right
strains of seed, alfalfa can be Sc
cured even on our acid soils. On the
lighter sandy soils, the soy bean makes
a most excellent growth. These high
protein hays with silage meet the
needs of our live stock when supple
mented with moderate amounts of con-
centrated feeds.
0Another factor Of primary consid-
Grafton in these days Of debated prices
is to realize that qualitI must replace
quantity in agricultural production.
When prices were at the high peak Of
war imitation, quality was of light mo-
ment; quantity was what was wanted
with little regard as 20 how it was
produced. But in these times of de-
aation. in fact even under normal con-
ditions. low cost of production is more
irnnortant than mere production. If
tbe 4OoO-pounG sow will but barely
nav her board, why continue to board
her and use high-priced labor and
feed?
"Pedigreed seeds outyield the aver
age seed that is sown, yet too many
farmers continue in the old rut' SIM
nlv because they have not been sufh-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Spring Range for Fowls
Needed for Good Health

AS soon as spring comes, the fowls
should be given the range of a large
yard where they can pick green food
and dig for worms. If any Of the
fowls have diarrhea, add to each
gallons of their drinking water one tea
spoonful of powdered muriate of am
monia Supply this three days, then
give pure water three days. then the
medicine, and 50 on. Diet is more
than medicine in most cases of indI-
gestion.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Most Economical Ration
Supplies Needed Protein

Farmers who are feeding calves and
expect to market them in late spring
or early summer should not overlook
the fact that the most economical RAJ
ton that can be fed is the one that
supplies a liberal portion of protein.
Corn, other grains, and most roughagea
are deficient in protein. The cheapest
source of protein for cattle is cotton
seed cake or meal. If no alfalfa OF
clover is fed, two pounds per head
per day should be fed. If limited
amounts Of alfalfa or clover hay are
available, one pound per head per day
will be sufficient; if alfalfa is the only
roughage fed, no cottonseed cake or
meal will be necessary.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

mission association at the same mar
| ket, so in reality the record at st.
Louis represents a division of effort
| among the farmers themselves. One
cooperative at that market would
have mad twice the business and but
little more than half the overhead.
Since the second month of it's career
the Producers commission has stood
| first or second place at that market.
The first month $50 cars were handled
and in the twelfth month IT'S cars.
The total for the year equaled 6,644
cars, including river and driven
business. This was a total of 481 40
head of live stock valued at $9,625,0OO.
Net earnings for the year amounted
to $43, 1893, $40, or 80 per cent net
profit. Thirty per cent of this was
paid to the members as patronage re-
fund, about Sc per car.
The second Office to open was the
Producers Commission Association Of
indianapolis, Ind. 1t is now handling
more live stock than any other of the
10 firms in the yards and gets about
% per cent of all the live stock at In
dianapolis. The business was done at
a net profit of. $28,876.38.
In a total of 1914 months the St.
Louis and Indianapolis Offices have
shown earnings ready for refund Of
$72, 274.28. Other producers agencies
have paid expenses from the beginning
and will without doubt show similar
results at the end Of their years busi-
ness.
The Chicago Producers Commission
association at the Union stock yards
sold 2,713 cars the first % weeks. The
firm stands first among more than one
hundred Chicago commission compal
MES and receipts show steady in
crease.
Averages 80 Cars Per Week.
Seven Gays after the Chicago Office
opened the Peoria Producers commits
sion opened. Peoria is a small truck
in market, but from the very begin
ming it has averaged over 80 cars Of
live stock per week.
Two new offices are the Producers
Cooperative Commission association
at East Buffalo, N. Y, and the Cattle
Raisers and Producers Commission
company at Fort Worth, Tex. These
two companies have averaged over one
hundred cars week.
The Producers Commission associa-
ton at Kansas City opened short
time ago. Commission associations
have also been organized at Cleve-
land, o., Sioux Falls, s. D., Oklahoma
City, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and other
points.
The big end in view is not mere
saving of a little commission charge
at the terminals. The big idea is to
provide orderly marketing of the diff
ferent kinds Of live stock. It's long,
time process. There is no easy way
no short cut to the end. There must
be campaigns of education which
stress the ways and means of secur-
ing it. There must be dependable
and accurate live stock statistics avail
able to shippers. A complete system
Of orderly marketing must take into
consideration the movement of the
stocker and feeder cattle, feeding
sheep and lambs and stock hogs In
feedlots and pastures. But the estab-
lishment Of the cooperative commits
sion companies at strategic market
points under national plan Is the
first step.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

Highest prices by breeds were:
Cheviot male 500. female 500; Cots
void male 5000, female S10O; Dorset
male $35, female $25; Oxford male
500, female $50; Rombouillet male
$500, female $65; Romney male SIS,
female $40; Shropshire male $125, fe-
male SIS; Southdown male 800, fe-
male $50; Hampshire male $3.50, fe-
male 500; Lincoln male $40, female
$25.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Feed Sprouted Oats to
Poultry During Winter

The poultry raiser who has not yet
adopted sprouted oats as a part of the
hens bill of fare, especially during
the winter months, is not only depriv-
ing his hens of feed that would be
relished and which is most valuable in
feeding for egg production, but is also
overlooking one of the best oppor-
tunities to save on the cost of feeding.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

whole indicates that the horse-breed-
ing business has been greatly curtailed
due to lack Of demand, the depart
ment says.
Pure Bred Sheep.
OF 8,498 pure bred sheep reported
sold only 81 brought $3.50 or more,
whereas 6192 sold for $25 or less.
The number and average prices Of
pure bred sheep by breeds for the first
half Of 1928 compared with the entire
year 1922, were as follows:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Rotation Is Big Help

A definite rotation of crops is a
farmers most helpful friend. Such a
system lowers cost per bushel or ton,
distributes labor economically, incor,
porates humus in the soil controls
weed growth and eliminates risk from
growing one crop
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
Not Brauqina.

Tess-My, but 1 was in an embar-
RAISING position yesterday.
Jess-Aha!
Tess-Yes, had ~ rescue from
drowning the man who was teaching
me how to swim.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

Top prices received were: Belgian
stallion $1,000, mare $500; Clydesdale
stallion $500, mare $3.50; Percheron
stallion $500. mare $1,000; Shire
stallion $500, mare 1925. The demand
was largely for mares and stations
over two years old. The survey as a
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13

number selling for less than $50 were
Aberdeen Angus 22O, Hereford 587,
Polled Hereford 80, Red Polled SO and
Shorthorn $50.
Pure Bred Dairy Cattle.
Of 6,612 dairy cattle sold, 1850
brought over $3.50 each, and 698 sold
for less than $50 Nearly two-thirds
of the animals reported sold ranged
from $50 to $3.50 each.
Average prices of all ages and both
sexes were as follows:
No. Sold Av. Price
1922 1923 1922 1928
AYRSHIRE ...... 500 271 1882 $3.50
Guernsey .........2,16O 1,753 273 2S4
Holstein .2,797 3,406 1877 188
Jersey ............l,9l5 w 1877 228
Brown Swiss. 49,. 157 210 124 s121
The highest prices received by
breeds were: Ayrshire bull $500, fe-
male 81, 700; Brown Swiss bull $500,
female $3.50; Guernsey bull $500, fe-
male $500; Holstein bull $1,000, fe-
male $3.50; Jersey bull $1,000, female
$4,000. For all breeds animals sold at
auction averaged higher in prices than
those sold privately the difference
ranging from $32 to 1855 per animal.
More than twice as many animals were
sold at private sale as at auction.
pure Bred Draft Horses.
OF 233 pure bred draft horses sold,
t8S aIOught above $3.50 each More
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-03-13
To Be Used With Care.

"Do you think kissing is as danger
GUS as the doctors say?"
"Well, it has put an end to good
many bachelors Boston Transcript