davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Miss Nell Evans returned Saturday
from her vacation spent in Akron, o.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

MIR. Meyer Cook will be the guest
of his friend and patron, Mrs. +. n
Farmer, in Lagrange next week.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Miss BERTHE Evans spent the week
end in Macon with Miss Matte Dun
can.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

FOR SALE-1923 Ford Sedan, hnt
shape. New tires. Save $500. YOU
price S285. L L. Griner. tt
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

FOR RENT-Eight room house for
rent, modern conveniences, on South
Grant street. Apply J. Kassewitz
Phone 233 or 1913. If
Myer Cook, of the U. of G., is Wis
iting friends in the city. They are
glad to learn that Myer is making a
good record, doing five years work in
three.
Mrs. A. K. Hall is spending several
days in Macon, the guest of her daugh-
ter, Miss Leila Hall.
Mr.. and Mrs. Azell, of Leesburg,
Fla, with their children, arrived Tues
day in their car to visit Mrs. AzelPs
sister, Mrs. E A. Russell and family.
Mrs. J. M. Lee spent the week end
in Jacksonville with Mr.. Lee.
Mrs. J. A. Mead is visiting relatives
in Waycross.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. R. Bowen and J.
P. Naming are in Savannah, attend
ing the annual meeting of the Georgia
Independent Telephone companies OF
which Mr. Bowen is president.
Miss Mitt Wall left Tuesday for a
visit at Locust Grove.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

A party composed of Mrs. R. II.
Chas. Coleman enjoyed an automobile
Simpson, Mr.. Vim. Mashburn and
Thomas and Warren are leaving to-
trip and brief visit at White Sulphur
Springs. Fla, one day this week.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

The many friends of Mrs. J. M.
Mcdonald and her charming family
will be glad to know that she will re-
turn to make her home here alter
year at Decatur. Miss Sarah and Miss
Virginia will not accompany her, MISS
Sarah having library position in Vlr-
ginia and Miss Virginia will take col
lege work.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Mr.. Ralph Booker has returned to
Augusta to enter college.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. C. Pickens and
family left Monday in their car for
visit of a week at Pablo Beach.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Miss Ruth Lee has been the guest
of Mrs. w. A. bowling for the past
week, during the absence of her moth
Ter, Mrs. ]. NJ Lee in Florida.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Mrss Harold Beall and daughter,
Miss Ethel Beall are visiting relatives
in Thomasville.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

FOR SALE-6-Room House at 8O7
West Pine ST., Sleeping porch, and
all modern conveniences. Two well
elevated lots, for cash or terms. APP
ply Mrs E. P. Searcy. II
Mr.. J. M. Booker and family have
returned to Macon after visit.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1924-08-28

Mrs. Colrighter is entertaining Mrs
Frank Hodges of Macon.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

aim. With the crack of the gun the
dust flew up away beyond the tar
get. He had missed the board, which
was not very encouraging consider
ing the close proximity of the mark.
AS the match progressed up to 500
yards, we had not made a single score
but at 600 yards Granville managed
to strike the board near the bulls
eye. Up to this point we had been
making very light bets, but now con-
fidence was restored with a whoop
and betting ran high.
Powell began wagering horses two
to one, but alas for our hopes, Pu-
shigan began to more carefully mani
pulate his hoop-iron sight and up to
900 yards we had but one score to
our credit.
BY this time our crowd was "flat
broke" with not a pony, blanket or
butcher knife left James Stuart
bantered Chief Tendoy to bet one
horse against his long-range rifle, but
after carefully examining the gun.
the willy chief handed it back with
the simple remark, "Cultus," which
meant mo good"
We had to foot it back to camp.
arriving late in the evening, tired
and hungry, but sadder and wiser
men than when we started out so
gayly in the morning.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16
WHEN THE SMALLPOX WAS BROUGHT TO
INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSOURI,
RESULTING I'M THE DEATH OF THOUSANDS

about thirty remained. 1t was i'm
possible to bury the dead, so great
was their number. Thrown over a
cliff, the sickening odor from the de-
caying corpses was carried far and
wide.
Near the Mandans was village of
Aricaras. For time these escaped
infection, and the Mandans believed
they were in league with the whites
to bring about the destruction of the
Mandans. But they changed their
minds when the Aricaras were like
wise smitten, and almost wiped out
of existence. The Minnetarees, or
River eros Ventres, also suffered
greatly from the disease.
Notwithstanding what happened at
Fort Clark, the st. Peters did not
turn back, but went on to Fort
Union. The consequences of this
mistaken action might have been pre-
dicted. Besides the goods, which
must have inevitably carried the dis
ease, Jacob Halsey, a member of the
Upper Missouri outfit, and who was
sick with smallpox, stopped there.
He is said to have been vaccinated,
and was not so i'll as others who had
not taken this precaution. Whites
and Indians at the fort contracted
the disease from him, and there was
danger of its spreading to the In
dams without, as the time was ap
preaching when they would come in
to trade at the fort 1t was decided
to put in operation stringent prevent
i've measures.
The only Indians within the stock
ade at the time were about thirty |
squaws. These were vaccinated from |
Halsey, with dire results. Most, if |
not all of them, died, and the fort
became a veritab1e pest house. In |
the midst of this, the Indians began
to arrive. 1t is claimed that they |
we're refused admission to the fort, |
but as Halsey says 'the air was in
'ected for half mile beyond the
this preventive measure
could not have saved them. They
finally left the region of the fort, but
hey carried the plague with them.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

language of the Bannacks, he went
to their camp to arrange the details
of the match. The target was to be
placed at distance of 100 yards
and to be moved 100 yards for each
succeeding shot until 1000 yards had
been reached. This arrangement be-
ing entirely satisfactory to the In
dams we felt confident of the simple
and cheap way we had devised of
adding to our herd of ponies and
buffalo robes, for these would be
put up for stakes.
Early in the morning we rounded
up our horses and collected all the
blankets, beads and butcher knives
we could scrape together, and start
ed for the Indian camp. Arriving on
the ground we found Chief Tendoy
ready for business. He had selected
one of his men named Pushigan to
do the shooting.
This Indian had an old fashioned
Dimmock rifle, weighing about 80
pounds. He had taken a piece of
hoop-iron and improvised sight by
slightly turning up the end in which
he filed a notch, this contrivance be-
ing fastened to the gun barrel with
buckskin thongs, and by means of a
small wooden wedge he could raise
and lower the sight to suit his fancy.
Johnny Grant had built some cabins
at this spot and was living there with
his family of breeds.
For target we took the end-gate
of his wagon-bed, board three feet
square, in the center of which we
made bulls eye on paper. Pushi-
gan fired the first shot and struck
the bulls eye near the center.
We had selected Granville Stuart
for our marksman. He stepped up
to the scratch and took deliberate
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

These Indians were the AsSinni-
Dolnes, and from September to winter
the disease ragged with the greatest
destructiveness," says Halsey, "at
least ten out of twelve die of it,
Although they thoroughly understood
the attendant danger, some of the
Assinniboines continued to trade at
the fort. On being asked If they
were not afraid to do so, they laugh
lngly replied that they would soon
die anyway, and they might as well
enjoy life while it lasted. The In
dian rendition of "A short life and
a merry one"
Fort Van Buren, was the trading
post for the Crows. The infection
was introduced there, probably
throgh the fault of those in charge,
as it had been elsewhere in the upper
country. Fortunately most of the
tribe were hunting in the Wind river
mountains and valleys, and did not
contract the disease until later in the
season.
When the st. Peters was at the
mouth of the Little Missouri Black
feet was permitted to go aboard the
DOdtj anu lH0n return TO MS ITlDc.
In this manner the smallpox was car
ried to the Blackfeet, where it
wrought havoc as it had done among
the Mandans.
AS has already been stated, some
of the Indians, notably the Assinni-
BONES, justly held the whites res
ponsible for the introduction of the
terrible disease, and called for re-
venge. But the same cause had a |
contrary effect upon the Blackfeet.
They had been about to declare war
on the whites when they were strick-
en-. They believed their suffering
was due to this premeditated act of |
treachery against their paleface
friends; that the Great Spirit was
angry with them, and they did not
choose to further antagonize Him.
Hence their voice was for peace.
A letter in the preface of Maxi
nilian's Travels says it was reported
hat bands of warriors on their way
o attack the trading posts were lit
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

4 orally exterminated by the plague
not one remaining alive. If this is
true, it is not surprising that the
Blackfeet became pacific, or as the
writer expresses it humble as fam
ished dogs"
That year trade in furs did not fall
off as much as was expected, but the
following year, although The buffalo
were plentiful, there were but few
hunters left to kill them, and but
few squaws to tan the robes. This
resulted in great financial loss to the
traders. How they regarded it, and
how it doubtless affected their treat
ment of the Indians is best learned
from a letter written Feb. rs, 1888,
to Pierre Chouteau, Jr: Late last
evening Provost arrived, and this
morning Sunday we have all been
occupied perusing the melancholy
details of plague, pestilence and dew
astation, ruined hopes and blasted
expectations. In an earlier letter
to Halsey, who, it will be recalled,
carried the smallpox to Fort Union,
the company says that ''the calamity
was calculated to fill us with dismay
as regards the trade of the Missouri
for some years to come. We can
only view it as visitation of Provi-
dence with which, though it would be
vain for us to contend, it behooves
us to make the best of existing cir
cumstances; to put forth all our en-
ergies; and by pursuing course of
strict economy in our expenditures,
with kind and conciliatory conduct
to the Indians who have escaped this |
dreadful pestilence, endeavor, by
fortitude, and persever-
ance, to support ourselves under the |
melancholy scourge."
Halsey we'll understood, or thought |
he did, how much Providence" had |
to do with the Introduction of the |
disease among the Indians. Where
Providence appeared was in the Sc
quel, the pacific spirit it awakened
In the Indians and the expressed pur-
pose of the company to treat with
greater kindness the red men they
we're exploiting.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

Females, all ages; for range or farm;
. Montana bred and carrying some of
the best blood in the breed. Priced to sell.
Davis and Robinson, SteyensvilIe, Montana.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16
COAL RIDGE MAY
BE NEW OIL FIELD
NEW STRIKE is So MILES SOUTH
OF GREAT FALLS; ATTRACTS
MUCH ATTENTION
Oil is 1873 Per Cent Gasoline and 9.3
Per Cent Kerosene, the Highest
Grade Petroleum Product in the
Mountain States Region.

Events in Coal Ridge district, 35
miles south of Great Falls, took on
increasing interest during the past
week, as various operators appear
ed in the open, leasing up districts
which have apparently been APP
proved by their biologists.
! The leasing of major operators
has been between Hound Greek and
Deep creek, west of the Belts well,
which had the showing of oil in the
Sunburst sand.
Analysis of the oil by the Sunburst
refinery at Great Falls shows it to
have gasoline content of 1871 per
cent, together with 9.3 per cent of
kerosene, leaving but Il per cent fuel
oil and residue-by far the highest
grade oil in the mountain states re-
gion.
The gasoline has an end point of
347, as required by the new navy
standards. The oil used in this an
alysis was secured at the bailing
test.
1t became definitely known last
week that L. c. Stevenson has taken
10000 acres in this district, follow
ing the geological survey of Colonel
N. F. Jameson, who has been at
work on the district since the show
ing of oil was first reported.
The Ohio Oil company is said to
be leasing in the same general dis
trict. None Of the leases have been
filed for record.
The Mid-Northern oil company is
at least interested in the situation.
Manager ]. H. Clark of the Mid-Nor-
thern visited the well on Friday and
spent part of the day in the field.
This is his first visit here from Bill
lings, since his election to the office.
He was, of course, without an an
nouncement inasmuch as he has had
no time to study the conditions in
the south district.
1t is stated that J. e. Andrus of
who financed the drill
ing of the test well on the Belts
farm, is preparing to drill at least
two wells, one with standard tools
and two or possibly three other
wells are in prospect during the
present year. Operators say that
i've barrel wells at a depth of 600
'eet, with this quality of oil, will
De commercial.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

| course IOr the Oh
ficers of the boat to pursue would
have been to unload the goods, dis
infect them, and forward them later
| by keel boats to their destinations
But this was not done, the boat con
tinuing its journey to Fort Union al
the mouth of the Yellowstone, then
the head of navigation on the Mis-
souri,.
Before criticising too severely the
officers for this action, it is well to
view the situation from their stand
point. One thing is certain, if the
Indians contracted the disease, the
fur company would lose heavily 1t
was to its interest that the lives of
the Indians should be safeguarded.
1t was likewise to its interest that
the lives of its employees at the forts
along the river should be preserved
The Indians knew the goods were on
the way, and expected to arrive at a
definite time. Their failure to do so
would cause serious trouble, and per-
haps attacks upon isolated posts in
the wilderness, far removed from all
possibility of being reinforced.
When the boat reached Fort Clark,
a post little below the mouth of the
Big Knife river, Mr.. Chardon, who
was in charge there, did everything
in his power to keep the Indians
away from the boat, but without sue
cess. A Mandan chief (Fort Clark
being in the neighborhood of the
Mandan villages) stole blanket
from a man on the boat, who had
smallpox. A fruitless effort was
made to buy it back, although the
thief was promised immunity from
BY June Is the plague
had gained a foothold in the villages,
and the inhabitants were helpless
against it's advance. Men, women,
and children rushed to the landing
when the boat came in, and nothing
the fort officials could say or do
could keep them back. In this way,
they we're brought into direct con-
tact with the disease, If they had not |
already contracted it from the stolen |
blanket.
The virulence and quick action of
he epidemic is unsurpassed in his
DRY. Its victims felt severe pains in
back and head, and in a few hours
we're dead. After death the body
;welled to treble its size, and turned |
black. Few who we're stricken re-
covered. The Indians blamed them
elves, when too late, for not heed
ng the warnings of the officials, and
legged the white men to help them.
This the men at the post would will
ngly have done, but it was beyond
human power to stay the course of
he disease.
A few of the more intelligent In
Iians, realizing that this horror that
lad possession of them was caused
" the whites, talked of vengeance,
which they were incapable of exc
uting before the plague moved
hem down. Suicide was common
nd many fled from their tepees only
o die alone on the prairie. Rapidly
he death toll was levied until of the
reat tribe of the Mandans only
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16
Homesick Dog Returns from Oregon

Homesick Dog Returns from Oregon
Last August, Con Stang, an old
time rancher on Cottonwood and
known to hundreds, left for Oregon
to reside. He took his sturdy dog
Butch along with him. Recently
men who knew this dog were amaz-
ed to see it come up Main street,
Lewistown, footsore and all in, beg
ging for something to eat. Butch
was provided with a banquet by
Charles Porter, an old friend. The
dog clearly had made its way back
in some manner from Oregon, where
the Stang family still is, to Lewis
town.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

One of the elements possess
ing the property of giving off
rays.
Discovered by Nine. Curie of
France in 1898.
1t is refined from Uranium,
which is found in Carnetite and
Pitchblende ores. 1t is the most
valuable substance in existence,
selling for more than a million
dollars an ounce.
Radium rays exercise selective
action, attacking bacteria and
diseased cells more readily than
healthy tissue.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

New York-Mrs. Celia Cooney, the
bobbed hair bandit, and her husband,
Edward Cooney, who terrorized New
York with their holdups for time,
have been sentenced to 10 years in
the pen.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

Some time on
its voyage and
before reaching
the forts, small
pox broke out
among the pas
sengers and the
crew. How many
were affected is
not known be-
cause of varying
reports, giving
the number of
cases from one to
many. 1t is likely
that from one,
many were in
f e C t e d. The
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16
By Martha Edgerton Plassmann

TN the early spring of 1897, when
l the river became navigable, the
= American Fur company's steam
boat, the st. Peters, left st. Louis
for the upper Missouri posts, laden
with the annual supplies, including
presents for the Indians, and goods
to be bartered with them for furs.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-05-16

New York-Eight persons were
killed when the Twentieth century
train struck an auto on the outskirts
of the city.
The Denver Jewish news., 1924-02-14
PROGRESS IN PALESTINE
A NJ AZIN G." n ATH n
STRAUS CABLES TO SAM
UEL UNTERMYER.
Veteran PhiIantIiropist OH Visit in Pal.
entine Praises Achievements Of
kcrcn Rayesod-Is Confident Fu-
ture Of Jewish National Home Is
Assured"

Samuel rntermycr, president of the
Kcren Hayesod has received a cable
message from Nathan Straus who is
now visiting Palestine, in which Mr..
Strars describes the recent progress
in that country as amazing" He re-
fcrs to the new Immigration, the acri-
cultural settlements. the schools and
the medical work, all of which are
maintained or supported by the Kcren
Haycsod.
the war and on that occasion establish
cd Pastcurizcd milk stations and other
philanthropies for the needy, irrespec-
tive of race or creed During the war
bers who had been reduced to penury
in Jerusalem and other cities. On his
present visit. Mr.. StrauS has been well
coined in enthusiastic receptions by all
sections of the inhabitants and par
,icularly by the different Jewish Col
onies which he visited.
Mr.. Strals expresses confidence that
ihc future of the Jewish National
Home is assured" and calls for the
continued support of The Jews
Throughout the world in behalf of the
rebuilding of Palestine" Mr.. Straus
is II contributor to the Keren Haycsod
and has also spoken mt functions con-
Quoted in behalf of the Fund.
His cable to Mr.. Untcrmyer. which
is dated Jerusalem. reads as follows.
Having now seen with my own eyes
some of the things that have been ac-
ccmpli-hcd in the last few years, I
wish to say that regard the progress
i'll Palestine as amazing. The Kcrcn
IIaycsod has borne rich fruit in the
new immigration. the agricultural set
Elements. the splendid system of He
brew schools and other achievements.
All these activities must be increased
and developed . Nor can | praise too
highly the work of the Hadassah Med
ical organization.
with the continued support Of the
Jews throughout the world in behalf
Of the rebuilding of Palestine. / feel
confident thGt the future of the Jew
ish National Home is assured
The Denver Jewish news., 1924-02-14

stantly adjured his students to study
the past. work in the present, and build
for .iho future.
I'm years. not so long removed, our
removed. our Rabbis were largely men
who mad come from abroad ana who.
unfortunately, were not properly at
tuned to the rising young Americans !;
worthy men these. who did their duty
under most discouraging circum-
stances then along came gradually the
young men. graduates of the Heprcw
Union College, splendid English
scholars, thoroughly trained in the Tai
mudic lore, understanding and APP
prcciating the youth, and i'll sympathy
with the hopes, aspirations and ideals
Of that youth-it was these men who
Undoubtedly saved reformed Judaism
for most of us
And that is the great mission of the
of Rabbis: So far the college has grad
uated over one hundred and fifty young
men, who have assumed stations Of
honor and respect in every quarter Of
the Union and Canada.
And the synngoc and school exten-
sion work of tile Union is Of immense
Importance. us you know. it IL said
that there are anywhere from two to
three hundred thousand Jewish chill
drcn in this city and its immediate
vicinity. who are receiving absolutely
no instruction in things Jewish. Small
wonder. therefore, II when the adOles'
cen! period arrives. 50 many of them
are proven to have low moral stand
ards md no idea of what they own
their people and the civil law. In III"
'ralmud was written Of ole. that ''the
world exists only by the breath Of
school children
The Denver Jewish news., 1924-02-14

made the claim that the latter learned
TO use Jewish idioms and the accent
He also complained the Jewish chill
dren win toe many scholarships.
In interpreting the Sunday obser.
vance law recorder Senplc has given
out an opinion that Jews who do not
work on saturday may work on Sun
day. He says that work such as that
done in factories can be- interpreted as
doing business.