davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Cholera Loss More
Than S27,000,000
Much Can Be Prevented by
Proper Sanitation.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Hog cholera caused loss of more
than $27,000,OO0 to the swine industry
Of the United States during the year
ended April 80, 1924, according to re-
cent compilation by the United States
Department of Agriculture. More than
half of the total loss occurred in the
corn belt states, where hogs are espe-
cially numerous. A comparison of the
number of hogs, with the loss caused
by cholera in each state, shows that
the ravages Of the disease are approx
imately in proportion to the hog popu-
lation.
In computing the losses from hog
cholera, specialists of the bureau Of
animal industry estimate that 80 per
cent of losses from all causes are due
to this dread disease. Most Of this
loss can be prevented by the proper
sanitation and the preventive-serum
treatment Bulletins giving full infor-
nation on hog cholera, it's control and
prevention may be obtained on request
from the United States Department of
Agriculture, Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
White Grub Pest
Shows Increase
Crop Rotation Is Important
in Preventing Damage
Done by Worms.

The common white grubs, also called
"grub worms" are one stage of the
moderately large brown beetle known
as May beetle or June bug. The adult
beetle feeds on the larvae of such trees
as oak, ash, hickory, poplar, elm, will
low, walnut, locust and blackberry.
The parent beetle energies from the
earth in the spring and deposits eggs
In the soil from one to five inches deep
and usually near grass or weed roots.
The eggs are laid in May and June
and hatch in about two weeks. The
young grubs Matching from the eggs
are very small and for while feed on
organic or slightly decayed vegetable
matter in the soil. Later these grubs
will attack the roots of grasses or agr1-
cultural crops which happen to be
growing in the field.
Feed Near Surface.
During the growing season for vege-
tation and active season of the insects,
the grubs feed near the surface of the
SOIL At the approach Of cold weather,
the grubs begin to burrow downward
to avoid freezing.
Most of the common June bugs spend
three years in developing from the egg
to the adult beetle. The grubs usually
change to the adult sometime during
the second or third fall of their life
period.
The native food Of the white grub Is
grass roots in the meadow or pasture.
Crops planted on sod land usually
suffer severely from the attack of
hordes Of grubs for a period of two to
three years.
The white grub as pest Is increas-
ing it's damage to wheat in several To-
calities. One of the best control meas
ures where wheat is to be grown is to
summer fallow, that Is, to pillow the
wheat land as soon as possible after
harvest. (This is also control for
the Hessian fiy.) Disk and harrow the
ground frequently and prepare firm
seed bed. Starve the white grub.
Rotation Is Favored.
Rotation OF crops is Of great impor-
lance in avoiding damage by grub
worms. Beetles do not prefer to de-
post eggs in fields Of alfalfa, clover,
corn, strawberries, beans or potatoes.
Small grains are usually less attacked
than other crops except wheat.
Where practical, pasture the infest-
ed fields with swine. Fall blowing,
previous to the grubs going deep into
the ground, will help to rid the soil Of
many worms. Pillow deep.-W. E. Jack
son, Department of Entomology, Okla
homa A. and M. College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Legumes Have High Need
for Application of Lime

Best returns are secured from lime,
by using It for legume crops such as
alfalfa or the clovers, says p. f.
Schowengerdt, extension soils special
list of the Missouri College Of Agri-
culture. This is true because the
legumes have a higher need for lime
than any other farm crops grown in
this section and because the nitrogen
fixing bacteria associated with these
crops require sweet soil In which to
do their work.
When lime is applied and the
growth of these soil building crops
made more successful the succeeding
crop yields are also Increased. II,
on the other hand, the lime were ap-
piled for grain crops alone the return
would be much smaller
Wherever farmers apply lime on
wheat land in the next fall or winter
they should, by all means, sow clover
the next spring, for in doing so they
will take advantage of their best
chance for a profit from lining.
Many experiments in Missouri show
that lime has increased the yield Of
clover hay enough to pay the cost of
lining under present economic con-
ditions. The increased yields Of corn,
oats and wheat following the clover
have constituted a good net profit
above, the expense of lining.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Colorado Potato Beetle
Eradicated by Spraying

The adult Colorado potato beetle,
which is about half an inch long,
rounded, yellow in color, but striped
with ten black lines, passes the winter
in the ground. When the potato plants
come up in the spring the beetles ap-
pear to feed on the leaves and to lay
eggs. The eggs are placed in clusters
on the under side Of the leaves and are
conspicuous by their yellow color. In
a week small, plump slugs hatch,
which feed on the foliage for some
three weeks, then enter the ground to
pupate and about three weeks later
emerge as adult striped beetles.
A second generation follows the
same cycle of eggs, grub, pupa and
adult. Although there is much over
tapping of the stages, the first genera
ton of grubs is most abundant during
July and August. It Is In the grub
stage that most Of the damage is done
and, accordingly, spraying with pol
son should be given to ward off their
feeding. There is no set time to spray
and no set number Of applications.
Either arsenate of lead, one to two
pounds to fifty gallons of water, or
paris green, one-half pound to fifty
gallons, will serve, but in the latter
case care must be taken to keep the
paris green well stirred while spray
ing. Gathering the adult beetles by
hand, especially in the early part of
the seacon, will go a long way toward
checking the Observation-Disclosures Ex-
pertinent Station.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14

BROODINESS AMONG
HENS is BIG WORRY

The egg production in many flocks
OF the heavier breeds Is dropping
badly due to the excessive number Of
broody hens. A bird that is penned
Immediately in the right kind Of
broody coop, fed as she should be and
turned out as soon as possible should
not loaf more than 10 days, writes w.
III. McNeecy In the Dakota Farmer.
Take them out Of the nest the first
night, pen them in a well-ventilated,
well-lighted, Slated or wire-bottomed
broody coop. Feed them plenty Of
good egg-making food, green material
and fresh water and see that they are
released as soon as they lose the mo-
tion and they will pay you for the
trouble. 1t Is a good idea to have a
special color Of celluloid leg bands for
broody hens and put one on hen
every time she goes broody. Sell the
ones that get bedecked like Fiji island
ers and use ones without any Of these
bands In the breeding pens next year.
/ 1t takes feed and time to produce
chicken blood so do not allow the
mite to steal part of your income. A
thorough spraying or painting Of the
roosts and nests in the poultry house
with some good coal tar disinfectant'
will pay dividends.
Lice are irrltants and keep the hen
so busy fighting them that she has no
time to work, so better kill them, too.
Applying sodium fluorid( powder, e
pinch in fluffy feathers below vent,
one under each wing and between
body and legs and one on the back Of
the head should rid the hens Of all
lice but It will not kill the eggs. Re
peat in about ten days when the eggs
will be Matched and no more laid.
Another way to accomplish the same
thing is to mix one ounce of sodium
fluorid with each gallon of warm wa
ter and dip each chicken, making sure
that the feathers are all soaked to the
skin. This must be done early on a
warm, sunshiny day SO that the hens
will be dry before night. Repeat In
ten days
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Inoculating Legumes Is
Not Difficult Process

To inoculate legumes procure the
dirt from the roots Of legumes showing
abundant nedule development, taking
care that the rays of a bright sun do
not strike 1t Il quart for each bushel
of seed).
For soy beans get dirt from beans.
for alfalfa and sweet clover get dirt
either from alfalfa or from sweet
clover.
Allow the dirt to dry in a sack or
a covered box, work it from time to
time and finally pulyerize it to COM
plete dust.
Dissolve six ounces Of carpenters
glue in one gallon of water.
Spread the seed on tight floor in a
room with the windows partly dark
ened. Sprinkle on the glue solution
until the seed is barely moist, stirring
thoroughly with garden rake.
Then sprinkle on slowly the dirt
dust, stirring continually with the rake
until the glue solution has hardened.
This will leave every seed covered with
the dirt dust carrying the nitrogen
fixing bacteria.
The seed thus prepared may be seed
ed at once or sacked and set aside for
q week or more before seeding. Care
should be taken that the seed is uni
formly covered as soon as possible fol-
lowing the seeding, as bright sunlight
would destroy the incubation.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Study Been Made of
Meadow Death Camas
It Affects Sheep More Than
Any Other Animal.
prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Specialists of the United States
Department of Agriculture engaged
in the study Of plants poisonous to
live stock have recently completed
study Of the meadow death camas,
known scientifically as Zygadenus
venenosts, which they say Is one of
four species most likely to be encoun-
tered by stockmen using the western
range. The other species are grassy
death camas, foothill death camas,
and mountain death camas. The spe-
cies known as meadow" is character
istic Of the states bordering on the
Pacific ocean. 1t affects sheep more
than any other class of animals, but
horses are poisoned by it and some
times killed. While it is poisonous
to cattle few are injured under range
conditions, and swine are probably
not harmed at all because they
promptly expel the plant by vomiting
if they do eat it.
This species OF death camas has
about the same poisoning power as
the grassy death camas and these
two are three times as toxic as the
foothill variety and seven times as
toxic as the mountain death camas.
Although it takes about the same
quantity of meadow camas as grassy
camas to produce symptoms of poison
ing it takes much more Of 1t to pro-
duce death. Grassy death camas is
the most dangerous, followed by
meadow death camas and foothill
death camas which are about equally,
potent in producing death.
The results of this investigation,
which was carried on by q. d. Marsh
and A. B. Clawson of the bureau OF
animal industry, have been published
in Department Bulletin No. 1910 which
may be had upon request by those in
terested in the details of the investiga-
ton.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
SOIL IMPROVEMENT
PLANNED BY SAUK

Sank county is blazing the way for
the whole states soil improvement
program.
Taking advantage of the soil survey
OF the county now being made, the
farmers have Joined the soils depart
ment Of the college of agriculture and
the soil survey in working out coun-
ty program for soil Improvement.
The survey will locate and map the
soil types. The soils department will
make laboratory and greenhouse tests
on the various types, and, based on
these findings, will arrange field dem
onstrations in each township. The
farmers will then have exact informa-
ton about their own soils on which to
lay their plans for Improvement.
This program is being worked out
at a series of meetings held in the
county as the survey progresses. 1t
has received the enthusiastic support
Of the townships where it has been
presented.
All the forces in the county, farm
ers, schools, merchants, and others,
are enlisting in the campaign. Not
only are they outlining present ac-
tivities, but include plans to check
up on the gain in fertility in the coun-
ty over a number of years. The
program is expected to extend to other
counties In the state as the soil sur
vey reaches them.
Arrangements to install limestone
crushers and provide other local sup
plies of ground limestone are under
way. A special search for rock out
crop and other possible sources of
lime will be made. With lime fol-
lowed by good rotations which will
be fitted to the soil needs, and with
the expected increase in legume acre
age, Sank is out to show what can be
done by united drive on loaf1ng
acres.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Screenings Good
for Live Stock
Undesirable Farm Product,
Consisting Principally of
Various Weed Seeds.


prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
There are q dozen reasons why
screenings should be separated on the
farm and fed to live stock, says the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. Screenings are an undesirable
farm product, consisting principally of
weed seeds, cracked and shrunken
kernels Of grain, chaff, broken stems,
and straws, dirt and other foreign
material, and often constitute 10 to 20
per cent of the grain as it comes from
the thresher. They should not, how
ever, be regarded as a waste, but
should be turned to valuable account
by feeding them to live stock.
Gives Screenings Away.
When screenings are sold with the
grain they are classed as dockage, and
the grain farmer actually gives them
away, because his grain is locked ac-
cording to the proportion of screen
ings it contains. This loss to the grain
farmer mounts to huge figures when
large sections are considered. In 1923,
for example, nearly 100000 bushels
of screenings were produced, threshed
and marketed as dockage in the states
of North Dakota, South Dakota, Min
nesota and Montana. The sum OF
$675,000 was paid by the farmers OF
these states for threshing their screen
ings or dockage, and 100000 was paid
to the railroads for hauling it to the
terminal markets. Millions Of dollars
worth of good feed was thus given
away The grain farmer was the loser.
The average screenings are more
nearly equal to oats in composition
than any other common feed. Heavy
screenings from which the chaffy
material has been removed are nearly
equal to corn, wheat, or barley in the
percentages of the various nutrients.
More than 100000 lambs could have
been fed with the wheat screenings
that were wasted in the four spring
wheat states in 1923 forming the en-
tire grain ration. The resulting in
crease in weight Of the lambs, at II
cents per pound, would have brought
$8,5G0,000 to the farmers. The spring
wheat farmers who cleaned their mar
ket wheat on the farm in 1923 gained
over cents per bushel as result of
the cleaning.
Can Remove Screenings.
When a farmer who grows little or
no grain wants to feed screenings, he
must pay high prices for them in a
ready-mixed feed, or must purchase
them of the elevator or mill that has
separated them. The grain farmer, on
the other hand, can separate them at
the thresher or granary and feed them
as a by-product of his farm. He pays
no freight or middleman's commission.
BY means Of a cleaning machine, the
screenings can be removed from wheat
or rye at a cost Of 2 or 8 cents per
bushel. A number of these cleaning
machines will be in operation In the
spring-wheat states this year as re-
suit of the work of the United States
Department Of Agriculture in showing
the feeding value of this product for
all kinds of live stock and the practi-
cability and economy of separating it
and feeding 1t on the farm.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Soy Beans Prefer Heavy
Soil and Much Moisture

Soy beans prefer the heavier, dark
soils and will stand great deal Of
moisture, but if this soil remains wet
during the season it should be drained.
The soy beans should be properly in
oculated, which is best done by mixing
three or four quarts of soil secured
from well-inoculated field with each
bushel of the seed. Prepare the soil
as for corn and sow any time after
corn planting, using an early variety.
It is believed that the early paintings
do better, however, and we would adj
wise that this field be planted as soon
as the soil can be gotten ready. If the
soil is sour it should be lined and If it
has not been fortified recently it
should receive about 100 pounds Of
acid phosphate per acre.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Brooder Pneumonia Will
Cause Loss of Chickens

Heavy loss of young chicks Is often
due to brooder pneuMOnia, disease
caused by dusty or moldy litter, musty
feed, or severe exposure.
Brooder pneumonia is sometimes
associated with bacillary white diar-
rhea as the symptoms Of the two dis
eases are much alike, The diseased
chicks often breathe with difficulty,
the lungs are usually diseased. and
are found, upon opening dead birds,
to be of dark color and rather solid.
instead Of light pink color and fluffy.
About the only remedy is to remove
the cause. Clean sand is probably the
best floor covering for the brooder
during the first two weeks, followed
by litter of some kind. Be especial
" careful that the litter is free from
must or mold. Glover chaff If not
dusty, or bright clean straw may be
used.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
PAYING INVESTMENT
In WISCONSIN FAIRS
Annual Shows Pay Good
Dividends in Improved
Farming, Better Living.

Alfalfa has made good in northern
Wisconsin. 1t has stood the test on
every type of soil from stiff, hard, red
clay to loose blow sand, declares E. L..
Delwiche Of the Wisconsin College Of
Agriculture. Its roots are powerful
enough to force their way through the
hard clay and the rich supplies of lime
and potash in that soil are just what
the plant needs. On blow sand alfalfa
has stuck and made good yields where
clover failed.
Experiments with alfalfa were be-
gun In northern Wisconsin as far back
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
COOPERATIVE SALES
COUNCIL is FORMED

Wisconsin cooperative associations
are cooperating The Wisconsin Co
operative Marketing council has been
formed by the organizations now func-
tioning to help promote, especially
through cooperation, better marketing
of Badger farm products. 1t pro-
poses to bring together representatives
Of the various associations to work
out any common problems and to as
sist members or other associations
whose plans Of organization have been
approved by the council.
Membership in the council is open
to all cooperative sales companies le-
gally incorporated under the laws of
Wisconsin and devoted to the sale of
agricultural products coming from
either groups of local communities or
groups Of local organizations. Other
cooperating groups may send dele
gates.
Being made up Of representatives. Of
cooperative marketing associations
that have been in successful operation,
the council expects to be able to offer
many constructive suggestions and
much support to the cooperative
movement in the state 1t also has
the distinction of being the largest
single representation of farmers in
the state. Probably $4,000 individuals
belong to the member organizations.
Each voting member association has
one man on the board of directors.
The board, as elected at the organf-
cation meeting of the council, May 20,
is composed of George Hull, Foreign
Cheese Producers (Co-operative) !;
George A. Nelson, Wisconsin Co
operative Creamery association; ]. j.
Lamb. Equity Cooperative Live Stock
Sales association; Herman w. Ull-
snerger. Door County Fruit Growers
union: e. P. Arpin, Wisconsin Gram
berry Sales company; Jens Davidson,
Northern Wisconsin Cooperative To-
bacco pool; G. r. Rice, to represent
civ milk producers J. @. Schumann,
to represent condensaries; F. G. Swo-
boda. Wisconsin Cheese Producers
federation, and George McKerrow.
Wisconsin Fleece Wool Growers Co
lucrative association.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14

On land which has been in cultivation
a long time. This is one place where
the new crop steps in.
Alfalfa Pays Well.
Alfalfa is about 30 per cent more
valuable than red clover as protein
feed, which is another reason why Del
wiche believes in it. With bran and
other feeds high in price, any crop
which can be economically grown at
home to take it's place increases the
chance for profitable farming.
AS a cash crop alfalfa also scores.
1t has led all crops in acre value in the
trials at the Ashland station. Over a
number of years that the test has been
in progress 1t has far outstripped its
nearest rival, peas. It's ready use on
the farm, If a market is not available,
Is an added advantage.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14

as 1910. At that time, Delwiche says,
1t was thought that the clays and
loans would not grow alfalfa These
first trials were made on the sandy
soils at Ellis Junction in Marinette
county.
Lime and incubation Needed.
While the trials show that some of
the sandy soils, such as that at Spoon
er, do not require lime while it is new,
old fields should be given liberal ap-
plication. After the trial plots at
Spooner had been in alfalfa for ten
years, those treated with lime were
giving much better yields than those
without. incubation is needed on all
the soils.
On some of the other sandy types,
lime Is needed from the start Proper
packing Of these loose soils when the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Cause of Barren Stalks

Poor seed is by far the greatest
cause of barren stalks in a cornfeld.
They are also caused by insects and
diseases that attack the plant about
the time that the ear is beginning to
form. The corn root worm, the COM
mon white grub and the corn root
}aphis will accomplish the same result.
Ia thin soil that is not adapted to corn
will often produce large numbers of
barren stalks, and corn that is planted
too thick will do the same.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
Product Is
Gaining in Popularity

It does not require any special
knowledge or marketing skill to sell q
standardized product but not even an
expert can market, in satisfactory
way, an ungraded product. Farmers
and egg producers should keep In close
touch with the movement now under
way looking toward the grading and
standardizing Of eggs on basis that
will lessen the losses incident to the
marketing of that product. If a good
standardized quality of eggs Is put
upon the market 1t will tend to In
crease the consumption of eggs and
therefore strengthen the demand and
consequently result in better prices
and more profit to the producers.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-08-14
X X X X X X X X X X X X X **x
Poultry Notes
X X X X X X X X X X \ X X \ X \

X X X X X X X X ~
Overlooking is the common cause OF
loss in young turkeys.
Caponize the cockerels and produce
heavy roosters for winter.
A cornfield Is an ideal place for
growing chicks and they will continue
to thrive in hot weather.
Keep the poultry, as well as all
other living things on the farm, on
good terms with you by keeping on
good terms with them.
An egg Is 65 per cent water in con-
tent. This alone indicates the impor-
lance Of fresh water supply to th@
laying flock. Z
Little turkeys are somewhat DELI
cate at first-but after they are six
weeks of age they are really more
hardy than chickens.
Nests should be arranged so the
fowls can get into them readily with
out being obliged to jump down upon
the eggs In the nest.
"Pip" is simply a cough or sound
Indicating obstruction of the nostrils.
A drop Of kerosene injected into each
nostril often serves as remedy.
Duckllngs require artificial heat or
the brooding of a mother hen for two
or three weeks. Their coops should
be kept clean. something easier to say.
than to do.