The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-03-29

ana the gummy mass Is scraped
OH with putty knives. The scraped
surface is cleansed thoroughly with
turpentine to take away all traces
OF the varnish remover. After dry
Ing thoroughly the metal is sand.
papered to remove any foreign
particles and to roughen the sur
lace or the metal so that the first
or primer coat will take hold. The
primer forms the bond between the
metal panels and the subsequent
coats OF material 1t Is the founda.
ton OF the whole paint structure.
the surface Is usually wiped clean
after the first coat Of primer and
ls then ready for what are termed
the surfacing coats. The surfacing
materials serve the purpose of
building up a smooth surface on
which to apply the color, rubbing
and finishing coats. The first sur.
racing coat Is sometimes spoken of
as the filler coat and is USUALLY
followed by from one to five coats
OF surfacing material. This founda.
ton is allowed to dry thoroughly
and Is then ready for rubbing.
Rubbing OF the surfacing coats IL
accomplished with blocks of punnice
or rubbing'stone, or powdered pun.
ice and water. This acts as an
abrasive. The work of rubbing a
paint surface is not easy for anv.
one to acquire. Varnish rubbers
are skilled and it is their work
which produces the smooth surface
that brings out the full brilliance
and luster in the final coats. All
roughness and high spots are re-
moved in the rubbing PROCESS and.
after careful washing to remove ali
pumice and dirt, the body is ready
for the color materials. These in
clude the so.called ground colors.
japan colors and flat celors. THEW
form opaque ground on which To
apply the subsequent varRish coats.
They are rapid in drying, show no
gloss and are semiporous to ner-
init the varnish Of the first rubbing.
coat to penetrate. Two coats or
coloring material are usually an.
piled, the first being known az the
ground coat and the second as the
flat color.
The next coats of material added
to the paint structure ARE known
as the rubbing materials. They
comprise all types Of clear and
colored rubbing varnish and the
gum In their composition gives
them a hardness that permits rub.
bling to a smooth surface. This
rubbing is done with pumice. stone
powder, using a felt pad dipped in
water. Two or three coats of rub
bling varnish are usually applied
and the finish rubbed to q dun
gloss after each coat. After the
final rundown the body Is striped.
The final coat Is a finish varnish.
Finishing varnishes used in auto.
mobile work are known as cleo.
resinous varnishes ana contain four
classes Of material; gum, resins.
fixed vegetable drying oils, volatile
vegetable drying oils and metallic
orlers. The gum resin gives the
varnish It's hardness and brilliancy:
the fixed vegetable oil imparts eles.
ITCHY and durability; the driers
speed the drying; and the volatile
OILS serve as thinners. Finishing
varnish presents mirror.like
smoothness and dries to a. thick.
ness of less than a thousandth Oh
an inch. 1t is the protective coat
OF the, whole paint and varnish
structure. A different type of finish
varnish is applied to the tenders
and chassis in order to resist the
more rigorous service it gets on
these parts.
This represents the operations re.
CURED to do first.class job of a
durable and highly finished char.
acter. The simplest possible burn.
or system would require at least
one coat each OF primer, surfacer.
color. color varnish and finishinE
varnish. Over a perfectly smooth.
Iiat, metal surface such a systen
VIII give good results II the mate
rails used are the very best obtain.