davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
DEVELOPMENTS in NORWAY

While the struggle goes on ever
more sharply in Germany, France,
Poland and other continental coun-
tries, the Labor Party Of Norway has
broken from the Communist Inter-
national, a minority CT the conven-
ton, which took place in Christiania
short while ago, forming itself into
the Communist Party of Norway and
Immediately declaring its unreserved
affiliaton to the Communist Inter
national.
The fight in the Norwegian party is
of long standing. The group of intel
lectuals, centering around the publica-
ton "Mot Dag" had done all in its
power TO break the party away from
the international. Party comrades
faithful to Communist principles were
not permitted to voice their opposition
to the tactics of the centrists. Many
were expelled and the Young Com
munist League, which stood by the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
WITH AMERICAN LABOR

Labor is seeing the need for a daily
press more and more. The support
which has been given to the campaign
Of the Workers Party to establish
"The Daily Worker" is one evidence
of this fact. Organized labor in Ala
media County, (Oakland) Calf, is
piling up support for the publication
Of local daily which shall be the
organ of the working class as opposed
to the reactionary capitalist rags
which infest the western land east
ernl) section of this country. A labor
daily in Oakland will make the second
one on the Pacific coast, the first be-
ing the Seattle Union Record, which
has, unfortunately, degenerated into a
Hearst-like sheet, and used as an
organ for the pushing Of wildcat spe-
culation schemes of certain labor fax
ing politicians. Here's hoping the
way.
Definite proof that the organized
labor movement is in favor of amalga-
Oakland venture doesn't go the same
mating the various unions into solid
flied industrial unions is seen in the
endorsements given by lodges Of the
Brotherhood Of Railway Carmen to
the sending out Of the referendum
proposed by Lodge No. 229, Of Mime
apolis, which calls for amslgamation
of the railway unions. Practically
every state in the union and many
provinces in Canada are among the
endersees, and dozens of additional en-
dorsemen<s come in every day.
-----------
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
Russian Congress. Omen.

MOSCOW The first All-Russian
Congress of Scientific Workers has
been inaugurated here. Upon the re-
ports of Gregory Zinovieff, President
Of the Communist International and
Chairman Of the Petrograd Soviet,
Mr.. Lunacharsky, Peoples Commits
sar of Education. and Mr.. Semash-
ko, Peoples Commissar of Health
the Congress unanimously nassed a
resolution to the following effect: the
former cleavage between the scientific
workers and the laboring class is, to-
day, thing Of the past; those former
dissersions have now been supplant-
cd by an ever growing rapproach-
ment in the process of one common
work Of restoration Of the country's
economic and cultural life.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

of capitalistic politics. Radicals paid
very little attention to it, being of the
opinion that it is nationalistic and
therefore untouchable.
Communists however not being
petri6ed dogmatists who have swsl-
lowed the three volumes of Das Ka-
pital but failed to digest them ap-
preciate the propaganda value of the
movement for the national liberation
of oppressed peoples and are taking
lively interest in all such move
ments.
Nationalism in Ireland which takes
on an anti-Imperialist character is
serving the purpose of weakening
British imperialism, therefore COM
munists support the Republican agi-
tation in Ireland and the Irish-Amer-
lean organizations that support the
Irish republicans even though these
organizations are minus construc-
tive program or accept the fact Of
the class struggle.
The rank and file Of the Irish work.
ers in America are in favor of the
Republican movement in Ireland and
are providing the finances with which
De Valera and his faction wage the
struggle at home. Many of them,
,owever, are not satisfied with De
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

4ney know that their duty is to fighE
for freedom here in America as well
as fight for Irish freedom three
thousand miles away.
The Irish workers of America who
hold the same ideal of a republic as
was held by James Connolly greet
the Daily Worker and pledge them
selves to support it. They know from
experience that the truth cannot be
expected from the capitalist press.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
Irish-American Workers
Greet "The Daily Worker
By THOMAS J. o'FLAHERTY.

With the signing of the bringing the socae
into existence the for Irish independence the United States
politicians
Irish Republic highest
the things great majority
mperasc ardny formerly shouted
for Republic
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

We greet with joy
and exultation the
! statement of the c.
E. c. that The Daily
Worker will appear
on the 18th of JAN
|: uary.
! District No. 3, in
! convention assem-
: bled, considers the
I successful campaign
! for the establish
! ment of The Daily
! Worker as a major
: achievement of the
! party and pledge
/ our support to it.
The Daily Worker
! must from the date
: of its appearance
: grow in strength and
. influence.
LONG LIVE THE
FIRST ENGLISH
COMMUNIST
DAILY!
- s.<s@'s<,--Ss*~~~~~'
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

W IL
Jacob KOnstatynOwicz
Cashmere KOnstatynO-
wicz
f. SOIinski
S. Benarski
S. Klednicki
A. Kalwdszewski
V. MakOwski
w. F. Pawlus
A. u. BeiIak
w. p. Freliga
p. POsh
w. Siwy
HI. Glusk
J. Olech
S. SzalkOwski
DETROIT, MICH.
Russian Branch, No. l
Mako Bomurik
M. Witichvecky
r. MOzeckOa
U. NalOychik
]. NickObs
Y. Gryniawski
j. SadanOrcky
Joseph Russell
Karri Bachela
S. FedOruk
M. Oksenvick
S. ChOrniski
A. FedOichbuk
Joe Tayback
Leo Heushuk
A. Marnitzuk
VIM. Zadoyko
Jack KOzlOff
Lawrence Palmer
p. Kazber
Jos. KlOtz
Stanley Tilk0vivch
w. Shean
Flea Ewtrikp
ID. Karpincpik
A. Goreyko
Fred Kopick
X. Reksitz
Woknzurick
f. Cherni0a
Peter Lik0ra
Miles Panscznck
lila Y0ulkevich
A. Luchansky
s. Kordratk
Joseph Kubeck
John Barick
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
British Communist Party Gables
Greetings to '7he Daily Worker

Here is reproduction of the cable received from Albert
Inkpn secretary of the British Communist Party greeting The
Daily Worker behalf of the Communist of Great
Britain
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

Communist International was gagged
completely.
The fight centered around the deci-
sions of the Communist international
for struggle for a workers and
farmers government, the campaign
against religion and the Capitalization
of discipline. Besides this, the trade
union leaders combined with the "Mot
Dag" faction in a fight against the
policy of affiliation to the Red Trade
Union international. After a long
struggle, both within the party and at
international congresses, the splitters
broke the party. The newly formed
Communist Party is already issuing
its own daily, the Kommunistblad.
THE WHITE TERROR IN BRAZIL
At the other end of the globe, the
Communists are being subjected to a
reactionary suppression by the capital
lists. The Communist Party of Brazil
is having it's most active comrades
jailed upon the fiimsiest excuses, and
in many cases without any reason be-
ing given at all. Comrade Canellas,
delegate to the fourth congress of the
Communist International, is in Jail.
So also are Comrades Peres, Silva,
Brandac, the proletarian writer, Mar
clio, Escobar, Dias and Persira, who
published a prophetic pamphlet in
March 1918, saying that the over
throw of German militarism would be
accomplished by the bolsheviks.
Many comrades are being sent to
convict prisons or deported and the
protests of trade unions are ignored.
One union was actually suppressed
for such a protest.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

NlndS RafdS
Mike Marks
Mike Kal0grides
TheodOr Mitsos
George Theodore
Gust KOumparkes
GARY, IND.
Jacob Rusak
j. LeOchenke
n. ROamuk
III. III. Farmus
E. KeretsOf
John Zinevich
Henry Halub
Mike Yurkevich
Nick Eseledsaw
Peter Sawanchik
S. Kuchar
Sam BelenkO
Vasil CherOk
Alex Kivak
G. COIeda
Mike YOnkOwick
CARSON LAKE. MINI.
Joe Krpan
Peter OreskOvich
Joe BukOvac
Mike Trtica
John Padjen
Mrs. Lucia Padjen
L. H. Milisungevich
Iii Spoil
Tom Spoil
George Pavelich
Peter ButOvac
Mike Vukelich
John Vutelich
Matt Vutelich
Marke Krmpotich
Rudolf Prpitch
Miss Annie Padjin
John Pavelich
Anton Krmpotich
John Tomganovich
]. TonkOvivk E
N. HIBBING, MINI.
j. I. Pavelich
Joe Tolipovivh
Martin Pavlicevich
PITTSBURG, PA.
Workingman's Sick and
Death Benefit Fund,
Branch so.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
Birthday Greetings to
"THE DAILY WORKER"

From from the lakes the gulf the Birthday
THE Daily Worker Thousands
everywhere made their Birthday Gifts to THE
Daily rs 81 and their the
those who joined Daily" the day
its birth lists will Additional
will be THE Daily" late!
Illinois.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
NEW YORK CITY, NY.

NEW YORK CITY, NY.
]. Titefsky
HI. GOlub
NJ. Garwitt
Shur
f. Melnik
SiIverman
Ed. Schwartz
S. Miller
Waserman
S. Levitt
MichtOn
RabinOvitz
S. ]. Wall
Alper
Coin
Ruderman
]. Weissman
Magid
Sylvan A. Pollock
Belle Robbins
DR.. S. GlOuberman
HI. BOurgin
NEW YORK CITY, NY.
SPANISH BRANCH OF
NEW YORK
Jack Hassid
Isaac Amir
A. Roberto
Active COmrade
]. r. Jackson
William Sembt
L. DriSseau
w. Gardner
J. Jonas
DETROIT, MICH.
|. Radwanski
Nicholas Seiken
]. Siwik
Eugene KOnstatynO-
wxyIpD
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13
DR.. Rasnick

Let tell you how to make your money work for you.
No Speculation Gamble Chance of Loss Small month
y payments Exempt from National State or Local
Taxation Based $3.50 demand Nine of every ten
bankers have made similar investments.
Write to BOX A. A. THE DAILY WORKER
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

Work Daily for "Ths D.ilyr.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-01-13

j. j. Schuuttck
Pete Kuczypka
c. Mimi
John Weremey
X. Andrcychik
r. Savage
Mike Repetosky
CLEVELAND, OHIO
L. BOuI
S. BOul
E. Beckman
N. Shaffer
F. KreidIer
A. EIaff
E. Duchan
HI. Epstein
|. RengOId
IN. ESCerSOIl
S. BeIkin
M. LipOff
Watcher
j. Shiffer
D. SchIossberg
G. Agan
Pawesky
S. Holman
III. SHAFT
NJ. WOOlman
H. Schlessberg
H. Offner
A. Katz
S. Lapiduss
S. KatIer
VIM. Magid
M. LOmaz
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
Smashing Climax To
"The Next Corner''

"The Next Corner" Sam Woo
production for Paramount will be the
attraction at the Century Theatre
during the week beginning Monday,
March 3.
The various roles in the production
are Enacted by well known players
including Conway Tearle, Lon Chan
ey, Dorothy Mackaill, Ricardo Cortez
and Louise Dresser.
Kate Jordon wrote the story,-a
inner as a novel and recently seen
as successful play. It's all about a
young wife, who, with her husband
away on business in South America,
gets mixed up with a gay crowd of
French frollickers-.is introduced to
a fascinating Spanish nobleman, goes
to his mountain home in the Pyre-
nees, forgetting herself and duty and
her husband.
The young grandee is shot by a
peasant whose daughter he had
wronged The girl becomes con-
science stricken and returns to her
husband, confessing all and is for
given. There is a smashing climax.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01

Farmers of Maryland were requir-
ed to pay higher wages to male farm
labor during 1923 than in the two
preceding years. The average rate
per month with board in 1923 was
1872; in 1922 it was $3.50; and in
1914 the rate was SIT. The average
monthly rate without board in 1923
vas $48; in 1922 it was $42; and in
1914 the rate was $26.
Day wages for harvest labor, with
board, averaged $2.70 in 1923, as
compared with $1.38 in 1914. For
farm labor other than at harvest
time the rate per day with board
was $1.95 in 1928, as compared with
$1.54 in 1922, and with "a cents in
1914.
The peak year in wages of farm
labor in recent years was 1920. It
was then that defation of general
prices began land farm wage rates
continued to decline until the. fall of
1922, when an upward trend devel-
oped. At the close of 1923 farm
wages were from Is to % per cent
below those of 1920, depending up
on the character of employment; and
ranged from 100 to 200 per cent a.
bove the wages prevailing on the
farms in the pre-war year 19yA.
On December 1, 1923 farm labor
offered supply that was II per cent
Of the demand for such labor, or 20
per cent below the demand Not so
many farms were reported as abso-
lutely idle. But great many farms
were mentioned as only partially
worked-not worked at all intensive
ly. Labor deserted the farms for the
factories, the railroads, and for pub
lie works like road building, at wages
the farmers say they are not able to
pay. Unless the labor situation i'm
proves it seems likely that less a.
creage will be under the pillow during
tht crop year 1924.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
AGRICULTURE

Farm bureau women of Maryland
are taking more than a mere per-
functory interest in the Farm Bureau
work in the various County and local
units scattered all over the State.
This is in full keeping with the
policy and announcement OF Presi-
dent 0. +. Bradfute, OF the American
rarm Bureau Federation, and the
1:ureau is not exclusively a mans
Organization but an organization in
which both men and women can rem
der valuable service for the upli1t
and improvement OF agricultural con-
dltions throughout the country.
Under the expert leadership OF
Mrs. Josiah w. Jones, of Olny,
Montgomery county, the Home ano
Community committee Of the Mary
land Farm Bureau Federation has
already set in motion the machinery
-lecessary to bring the Farm Burea4
.Jomen Of the State into closer ant.
nore intimate relationships one witt.
he other and for the purpose of i'm
proving social and economic condl
ions in the rural sections Of the
state. Mrs. M. Melvin Stewart, OF
Gambrills, Anne Arundel county lis
secretary OF the committee.
Already, many OF the counties have
deserved the effect caused by the
women taking an active part in the
social and entertainment features OF
the various locals and in every in
stance the attendance at these local
meetings. has been greatly increased.
The women of Howard, Anne Arun-
lel, Montgomery and several other
Counties have taken hold of this
work and as result the average at
tendance at all Farm Bureau meet
ings and entertainments in which
they take part, has shown a steady
increase.
The increased activities of the
Farm Bureau women of the State
vas first shown at the annual con-
IGNITION last month during which time
the first annual meeting of the Home
and Community Committee of the
Maryland Farm Bureau Federation
was held in the Southern Hotel, in
Baltimore. Mrs. Jones presided over
these sessions and the reports SUBJ
mitted by the various county chair
men indicated that this year will be
one of much accomplishment by the
women of the State.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
PHOEBE

DHOEBE. quaintest and most charm
ing of names, was first in use among
women of Greek birth in the Roman
empire. 1t is derived from PhOebus
the sun god, or Apollo and signifies
sunny temperament, warm-hearted.
According to Greek mythology, the
original Phoebe was the daughter Of
Gaea. According to tradition adopt
ed by Aeschylus, she bequeathed the
Delphic oracle to Apollo, son of her
daughter Leto. Poetic license calls
the moon personified phoebe"
phoebe our sister," the deaconess OF
Cenchrea, was commended by Saint
Paul to the Romans; but she has few
namesakes except in England, where
she typifies the quaint, demure, old.
fashioned type so popular with British
writer's and poets.
The Italian Febe refers only to the
moon and is rarely used as proper
name. 1t was in reference to the noble
qualities Of the huntress goddess OF
the moon that Spenser named his love
ly Belphoebe, as he also called his
other warlike heroine, Britomartis, an
individual who later became identified
with Artemis, the moon GODDESS. Ar
tennis, of course, is the Italian Diana,
and Diana, as the sister of Apollo, was
frequently called Phoebe, so the re-
iationship, seemingly so perplexing and
interviewer, is really logical.
In, England, Phoebe was a favorite
name for rural maidens, and the poets
bestowed it upon the simple rustic
charmers to whom they wrote odes and
r0undelays. Phoebe's virtues are ex-
tOlled in 1.-THE Rural Maid:
Her homespun dress in simple neatness
lies.
And for no glazing equipage she signs:
Her reputation which is all her boast.
In a malicious visit ne'er was lost;
No midnight masquerade her beauty
wears
And health, not paint. the fading bloom
repairs.
Crystal is Phoebe's talisinanic jewel.
It's clear translucent beauty is be-
!ieved to intensity the purity and vir-
tue of its wearer. To dream of it sig.
aifies true friends Monday is Phoebe's
lucky day and her fortunate number
% by Wheeler Syndicate. Inc.)
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
IN THE CHURCHES.
ST. MARY's CHURCH.
Services during March, 1924:


Services during March, 1924:
Holy Communion every Sunday at
7.30 A. M.
Church School every Sunday at
$50 A. M.
Study Class at Parish Hall every
Wednesday at $50 P. M.
Litany and meditation every Friday
at 7.30 in church, followed by choir
practice.
2d-Evening Prayer at 7.30.
5th-Ash Wednesday, Penitential
office and Holy Communion at 1000;
Evening Prayer at 7.30.
9th-Holy Communion at 7.30.
18th, 18th and 15th-cmber days
Wednesday evening prayer at a;
Friday at 7.30; Saturday at a.
16th-Morning Prayer and altar
service at 1890.
23d-Morning Prayer and altar
service at 1890.
25th-Feast of the Annunciation-
corporate communion of the Woman's
Auxiliary at 10.
3Oth-Evening Prayer at 7.3O.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
HOW'S THIS7

HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE will
90 what we claim for it--rid your system
Catarrh.
HALLS CATARRII MEDICINE con-
sists Of an Ointment which Quickly
Relieves the catarrhal Inflammation, and
the Internal Medicine, a Tonic, which
acts through the Blood on the Mucous
Surfaces. thus assisting to restore nor
NAL conditions.
Sold by druggists for over 40 Years.
F. ]. Cheney & Co., Toledo, o,
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
BETHANY M. P. CHURCH:

BETHANY M. P. CHURCH,
Sunday School and Adult Bibl:
Glasses at 10 A. M.
Divine worship and sermon at Ii
A. M, and 7.3O P. M.
Prayer service and short address by
the pastor Wednesday evening at 7.3O
o'clock.
Junior Christian Endeavor, Friday
at 7.30 P. M.
E. L. BUNCE, Minister.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
BAPTIST CHURCH.

BAPTIST CHURCH.
Sunday School at 10 A. M.
IL A. M. and 7.30 P. NJ, Preachin,
by the pastor.
B. Y. P. u, at 700 P. M.
Prayer Meeting Wednesday evening
500 o'clock.
Pitts Creek-Sunday School, 2 P.
M. Preaching at P. M.
D. w. LITTLETON, Pastor.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
SALEM M. E. CHURCH.

9 A. NJ, Glass Meeting. ~
10 A. NJ, Sunday School and Bible
Glass.
II A. M, preaching by pastor.
Gas P. NJ, Epworth League.
7.30 P. M, preaching by pastor,
Prayer Meeting Wednesday even
ing, 7.3O.
Junior League, Friday from z to, g.
J. r. BICKING, Pastor.
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1924-03-01
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

NEOD 1EN1<AN Oh ONCH.
- Sunday School and Mems Bible
Preaching, II A. M. and 7.3O P. M.
Prayer Meeting, Wednesday even
ing at 7.30.
Beaver Dam-Sunday School, 2.3O,
Preaching 3.15.
J. W. LACY, Pastor.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-03-22
'Ienin Is Here No Longer. Is 1t Believable? Is
It Imaginable?"
Dy LEON TRoTsKY. in Pravda.

longer longer. These words hur
themselves consciousness like gigantic cliff falling into the
Is it beievabe? Is imaginable? Is it comprehensive?
The working Of the world will be able grasp For the
enemy still very powerful Long the road that still have
Unfinished the great greatest the history
needed by class the world
perhaps perhaps
needed in human history.
longer But Iennm here. The immortal
of Lnn, his teaching his work. his method his xampea these live
the
whose head he stood.
How ahead? With the lantern of Leninism
hands, Shall find the right road? Through collective thought
shall find it, And the collective will of the party will help doing
responsibility increased Be worthy of your teacher of
your eader While by let close hearts
tightly. Let close them all for baes
Comrades brothers, nn longer among Farewell Iyitch
Farewell, leader!
The Colorado statesman., 1924-03-22
Better Homes in America Movement an Out
standing Form of Public Service


6NEE danger that the shortage homes which occaoned
by the great and the increasing drift the cities
an increasingly large portion population of the nestmabe
values which lie the home Through local organiza-
ons however, it possible increase the of available housing
1t possible and desirable develop high
not only of safety comfort but privacy
beauty which expressed ITSELF equipment
its surroundings
The amenities Of civilization should he accessible persons
whatever their income their occupation High standards
slseit with and within the reach of all
Our families erelant they have creative instincts
what they have Beyond having their homes decent and beautiful
heathu they make beautiful
eager in contrving to reduce household drudgery.
Besides the WILL they practical ingenuity
needed to make the best the devices which modern civilization has
placed their disposal the passing individual
handcrat making articles for the home find difficulty
making the best selection from the number and variety articles
and methods that offered to
need apparent well directed concerted
solution from the point of the family small
that has to make both ends
The cooperation of the of community better homes
demonstrations agreed leading
representing millions and practical
this need presenting the results public
readily grasped therefore have
such outstanding form of public From
this there should develop eae of character high ideals
of family life pride and responsibility throughout our land
The Colorado statesman., 1924-03-22
DEVELOPING THE NEGRO BOY

MEXICAN
u
lecture full of logic and striking conclusions Crying we'll
laughing valuable development
beneficial labor
world the desire fathers their
little recognized.
family
i
conflict should avoided
white
yelling mama" his three toughs
frightened
like him. big
ckngs
indulgence
must to win
The Colorado statesman., 1924-03-22
There Are No Higher Ideals Than Those of
the Legal Profession

Farewell, leader /!


higher ideals the community than those of the legal
profession We the compexiy of relations afford to lose the
the law his repua
for honorable conduct of his loyal to his less
There always have been and always will be deion from these
Standards but the standards themselves impaired and those who
highest reward that lawyer obtain
and that is the of his professional brethren.
But thinking tonight of these odashioned and essential
virtues of less duty that the lawyer the law
In the great task this institute has assumed
pedgng the highest of perfectng the
understanding and facilitating the administration of the law
bueng foundations justice which cannot be established by
arbitrary condng the interests liberty uncontrolled
discretion but only through laws reasonable understandable and
unparially and effectively administered