davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-06-06
FOREIGN.
ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES.
TONIGHT.

1oNlGft1.
Northeast Boundary Citizens Asso-
citation will meet. s o'clock, in Taber-
nacle Baptist Church.
Business Woman's Council will
meet at Church of the Covenant
Supper from 5 to o'clock. H. NJ
Milman. jr., will give illustrated
description of the Harding Alaskan
tour, beginning at 7:45 o'clock.
A bazaar will be held, 1880 o'clock,
at Church of the Redeemer, under
auspices Of the Seekers of Good Club
and the Ladies' Missionary Club of
the church.
William Mckinley Circle, l. of
G. A. R, will meet, s o'clock, in Grand
Army Hall.
A strawberry festival will be held
under auspices of the Ladies' Guild
of st. Johns Parish Hall, Wisconsin
avenue and Bradley lane, Bethesda,
at 5 o'clock.
Evening star., 1924-06-06
S5.OOOLife Insurance for S46''90

At age 35-send date of birth for particu.
lars and illustrate Company founded 1857
Assets over $500, 900 900.
NJ Leroy Gof. SO Woodward Bldr.
Insurance-All Branches-M $40,
Evening star., 1924-06-06
v.sh;rrton wander,uxterx wi

I.
defray expenses. Admission free.
Washington Wanderluxters will
leave Sth street and Pennsylvania
avenue southeast SUNDAY, am: ;-i for
a bus trip to Lothian, Md. BRING
lunches and cups. Fare, 81.
Rambiers Pastime Club will give
its closing dance for the season to-
morrow, $50 pm, at 14th and Ken
yon streets.
Religious services nt the Masonic
and Eastern Star Home will be held
Sunday, pm, under direction of
William F. Hunt Chapter. No. Is. Rev.
Vincent o. Anderson of St Agnes
Episcopal Church will preside.
ID. C. Chapter. Military Order of the
fayette. Admiral r. E. Coontz, com
mander chief of the Atlantic
fleet, will be honor guest and speaker.
Subject: Winter Maneuvers of the
Fleet"
Takoma Park Citizens Association
will hold joint meeting of executive
committee tomorrow, 1880 pm, in
basement of Takoma Library. Citi-
zens interested in street program for
Takoma Park, invited.
The international Association Of
Art and Letters announces that the
Arts Club will give a French evening
for the association tomorrow at the
home of DR.. and Mrs. ]. S. Riley, 1857
Rhode Island avenue. French play
will be presented by lie Cercle Preci-
euses Ridicules, the cast including
Mrs Bessie Edison, Mrs. Anderson,
Mr. Blum. Mr.. Pounin and Mr.. Schu-
maker, with Mrs. Marie l. Becker as
Evening star., 1924-06-06

leave Sth street and Pennsylvania
avenue southeast Sunday, am, for
a bus trip TO Lothian, Md. Bring
lunches and cups. Fare, 81.
Evening star., 1924-06-06
JOHN ]. LANkHAN DIES.
Resident of This City for Past Nine
Years-Sixty-Four Years Old.

woman Of Belfast, Ireland,
claims to be the most travelled wom-
an in the world. She has sailed round
the world seventeen times and has
covered more than a million miles.
Evening star., 1924-06-06

RambIers' Pastime Club will give
its closing dance for the season to-
morrow, $50 pm, at 14th and Ken
yon streets.
Evening star., 1924-06-06
FOUND.

UMRRMLALsilk: A;+silk within Cathedral grounds
Evening star., 1924-06-06

UMBRELLA-Rewafd for return Of taupe silk
umbrella left In Western High School section
American Base Dan Paft on June 4 Tel.
Cleye.e 140.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
KILLS BROTHER
To SAVE HIS
OWN LIFE
Richard Hogan Later Freed
by Jury at Bedford, Va,
After Death of Wyatt.

BEDFORD, Va, April 2s.-
Wyatt Hsan, twenty.three years
old, son of Gordon Hogan, who
lives near Gillsspie's store, on the
southside of Bedford county, was
shot and instantly killed by his
brother, Richard Hogan, late yes.
terday, at their fathers home.
Wyatt. who had been away near.
ly all day, returned home about 6
o'clock and wanted his sisters to
go with him t. church. They said
1t was too late and would not go.
The Young man became violent
~ angry, and getting his pistol,
threatened to shoot up the whole
family. He seemed to lose entire
control of himself, threatening to
kill his mother. He was especially
incensed against his brother, Rich.
ard Hogan, who, fearing for his
life, went to his room, armed him.
self. and started to leave the house.
Wyatt followed him into the yard
and shot at him. Then It was that
Richard, to protect his own life,
fired at his brother. killing him
instantly.
Aeoroner's inquest was held last
nishs and Hogan was acquitted.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
CASES AND DEBRIS BAR
OUTSIDE HELP FROM
ENTOMBED. MEN

WHEELING, w. Va, April 2s-One hundred
and four men are entombed in terrific explosion
which occurred a. the coal mine of the Wheeling
Steel Corporation i Benwood, near here.
They were caught at 7:1O this morning by an
explosion tbat occurred within five minutes after
the mine train carrying them to work had passed
into the mine.
Frantic efforts to reach them have been navail-
ing, while at the mouth of the mine, standing in
the rain are frantic women, with tears coursing
down their faces, to whom cling little children in
terror unable to Gnderstad just what has occurred
to whom other employees and mill officials are I'M
able to give assurance to the fate that has come
upon the men within the shaft.
RESCUE TRAINS EAGERLY AWAITED.
Until the rescue train from Pittsburgh arrives it is
hardly possible anything definite the way of rescue
can be attempted AT IL o'clock gas was being beched
from the mouth of the mine in quantities such as made
1t unsafe to approach within 100 feet of the opening
Shortly after 1880 this morning the first effort to
enter the mine to determine the fate of the entombed
men was made by rescue party equipped with gas re-
slstng apparatus but after penetrating 1900 feat into
the shaft they forced abandon the effort heeau.e
OF the blocking of the passageay by debris No trace
OF any of the miners was found along the way.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28

A rescue crew from the
Hitchman Coal Company
mine at Moundsville, who
were rushed to an entry
twelve miles away ON Bogss
Kun IN an automobile truck
were delayed by going over
a hillside along the road,
but continued their wav
only to find it impossible to
force an entry.
1t was announced that the
rescue special from Pitts
burgh would be side-tracked
at Elm Grove, and the ap-
paratus there transferred
to automobiles and rushed
to a third entry on Browns
Run, where an effort will
be made to. force an en-.
trance into the section of
the mine where the $50 men
are believed to be.
CLERGYMEN PRESENT.
The Rev. A. r. Bennett
and Father A. M. Schooner
are consoling the women
and children about the en-
trance. Rev. Mr.. Schooner
was active at the Monongah
disaster in the Fairmont
field during the mine dis
aster there some years ago.
The explosion at the Ben
wood mine today is the Sec
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
CENTRAL AMERICA STATES
JOIN HONDURAS FARLEY

Four Central American republics,
Costa RIGA, Salvador, Guatemala,
and Nicaragua, have accepted the
American Governments invitation
to send delegates to a general peacs
parley to settle the Honduran rev e.
luton, 1t was announced here to-
day. The conference probably will
be started aboard the United States
cruiser Milwaukee as soon as the
concent of General Ferrera, one
Of the rebel leaders, is received.
Summer Welles, representing the
State Departmnt, will preside. An
armistice probably will be declared.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
DENTISTS OF VIRGINIA
IN SESSION AT NORFOLK

NORFOLK. Va, April 2S.-The
fifty-fifth annual convention Of the
Virginia State Dental Association
opened a three.day session here to.
day with $50 members present.
At the morning session DIR.
Thomas p. Human, of Atlanta, Ga,
delivered an address on "oral dag
nosis." Other speakers on today's
program are DR.. e. ". McCollum.
of Johns Hopkins University, Balti.
more. and DR.. c. J. Hillistev. chief
of the dental divis on OF the Penn.
syivania beard of health. Harris.
burg.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
Copyright. 1s24.)

Yes, I'm the Bobbed-Hair Ban
dit, all right. Pm the girl that
scared the life out of Brooklyn
and made monkeys out of the
New York cops for four months.
I'm the kid that robbed the stores.
I'm the little gun girl, and you
should have seen those boobs be-
hind the counters jump and
tremble when l pulled that gun.
The grand joke is that half the
time it wasn't even loaded, and
when it was loaded / was afraid
ever to click the safety catch for
fear it might go off. And listen,
people, while l tell you another
secret: I've never shot off a pistol
in my life. Some joke on little
old New York.
Thought IL Joke.
<ny way a SOuPAS VI AAOhtHS
I thought it was a grand joke. But
I guess it's not so funny now
not for me.
Here I am locked up in. an iron
cage. My little baby's dead. All
the shiny furniture, all the pretty
baby clothes gone. My, husband
gone. He shot man. He's locked
up in another cage where can't
see him, and the lawyers are try.
ing to prove he's crazy so they
can send him to Matteawan instead
of Sing Sing. AS If it made any
difference.
1T don't know If he's crazy or
not, the way the doctors mean, but
I think we must have both been
crazy to think we could get away
with what we tried.
''WhMt did IL get us? What did
1t get the baby? What did IL get
me, ask you?
Got Her I'm Cage.
1T got me in this cage, for one
thing, where l sit now. Iron bars
and a door that locks by a machine
way down the hall. No bolt or key.
The only way you know you're
locked in is when you hear some
thing heavy rattle and drop. It's
queer, being in a place you know
you can't get out or.
When I was a kid l used to 60
out to the ZOO Of a Sunday after
noon-not the Bronx Zoo, the enc
in Prospect Park--and I used to
look at the animals the cage be.
Continued on Page B. Column IL
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
SEVENTH RACE.
Mile and a Quarter.
THAW JURISDICTION
IS WAIVED FOR STATE

HARRISBURG, Pa, April 28.-An
aftermath in the case of Harry X.
Thaw, Pittsburgh millionaire and
slayer of Stanford White, was dis.
posed of here today when Attorney
General Woodruff ruled that the
State Welfare Department had no
jurisdiction over Thaw's discharge
from the Pennsylvania hospital for
mental and nervous diseases.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
sLAYERs OF BOY AND
CHILD DIE IN CHAIR

a BELLEFoNTE, Pa. April 2s.--
Albert Plat, convicted in Crawford
county for the murder Of an
eighteen.year-old boy, and wylie
Texas Morgan, convicted in Phila.
delphia county for killing a six.
year-old girl. were electrocuted at
Rockview penitentiary here this
morning.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
BOY Is ELEcTROCUTED
BY HIGH TENSION WIRE

CUMBERLAND, Md, April 2S.-
Thomas, fourteen-year-old son of
Mrs. Anna Griffith, of Frostburg,
was electrocuted yesterday in woods
near his home when Ihe climbed a
steel tower carrying high tension
electric line.
His head coming in contact with
the wire he fell to the ground dead
Two younger brothers say his head
was encircled by flame. The palms
of his hands were scorched in two
lines, indicating he had grasped the
wire.
The boys had gone to the woods
to gather wild flowers.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
FRENCH TRAMP" AlRMAN
TO PASS BRITISH Filler

PARIS, April 28.--Lieut. Pelletie .
D'Oisy, of the French aviation
service who is engaged upon a
rowing long distance flight in any
direction he pleases, has reached
and departed from Bushire, Persia,
said a dispatch from there today.
Lieutenant D'Oisy said he hoped
Stuart MacLaren, OF the British
Laren is making a round-the-world
flight.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
B0B-HA|REI]
BANDITS
STORY
Girl Robber, Behind Prison
Bars, FiAds Too Late That
Crime Doesn't Pay.

Here is the bObbed-hGiY bandit 8
oa0n story-one of the most GntGz-
ing documents eVer pesssed.
This pretty girl of taOenty gears,
s0kO, at pistols point, robbed many
a storekeeper, describes in detail
her daring exploits in the aOOrtd's
greatest city.
Her career 1Oiu be oiVen in fell
IN her story, of Uhich this is the
first iestGllment. Cecilia CooneS
acrote it In the Raymond street jail,
Brooklyn, N. Y, last aOeek. The
only changes this paper has made
haze been occasional ones in pune,
tuctiom and spelling.
No better sermon on the bGnefMl
effect Of crime could be preached.
The Washington Times presents It
here to shoW, as Cecilia COomey
herself admits -" Crinue doesn't
pay"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
CARUSO WIDOW
. LEAVES NEW
HUSBAND )
Mrs. E. A. Ingram Confirms
Rumor of Separation-No
Divorce Planned
IBy international News Service.

NEW YORK, April 2S.--Mrs. E.
A. Ingram, widow of Enrico Caruso,
through her lawyer, today confirmed
reports that she had separated from
her husband, captain in the
British army whom she married less
than five months ago.
Her attorney, Alfred e. Seligs-
berg: said:
1.-THE reports are correct" he said.
However, no divorce action is pend
ing or contemplated"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
JAIL ED IN
POISON
PLOT
c. A. Barring Held on Charges
Preferred by His Wealthy
Wife-Triangle Alleged.

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y, April
2S.-Clarence A. Barring, the dis
tinguished looking amateur chemist
and inventor, who is charged with
having tried to poison his wife,
seven years his senior, was held
without bail to await the action
Of the grand jury when he was
arraigned on a charge of at
tempted murder, first degree.
Mrs. Barring alleges that he put
arsenic and pneumonia and dip
liberia germs in her food.
"The other woman" angle in
the mysterious poisoning of the
wealthy woman meantime came
in for the full attention of the
authorities investigating the case
today.
Rival Much Younger.
The other woman" IL said to be
much younger than Mrs. Barring
who Is seven years her husbands
senior. He is forty. mild hammered
soft spoken and cultured in appear
ance and demeanor. The "othel
woman" is about forty-five and
lives in New York. She Is refined
and highly connected and is said
to have been seen in company with
Mr.. and Mrs. Barring.
She is said to have aroused Mrs.
Bartng's jealousy. The authorities
believe she may be able to supply
the motive in the case and 1t is
understood they are planning to
have her summoned before the
Westchester county grand jury.
Barring has asked permission to
go before the grand jury with a
full explanation of the charges that
Tor several weeks he has been sys.
tematically administering poison to
his middle-aged wife in her food.
No Danger Of Dying.
1t is alleged Barring put the poison
in stuffed dates as q general rule.
Soft drinks, such as ginger ale and
grape juice given her, were also
doctored, 1t is charged.
Mrs. Barring, however, Is in no
danger Of dying. She made the
charge against her husband more
than two months ago and State
police, after weeks of investigation
arrested the inventor.
Baring's friends profess belief in
his innocence. They say he is and
had been in love with HE 1xyiFa
BY some neighbors, 1t is said, Ba.
ring INDUCED in numerous violent
quarrels with his wife over the
other woman"
District Attorney Rowland said
this morning he had proof that
Barring had administered the poison
Mrs. WalterSE. Strand, Of Balti.
more, Baring's mother, has arrived
In White Plains. She called upon
Mrs. Barring in her Park Avenue
residence, then visited her son in
Jail. After she conferred with her
sons attorney.
Jealous on Honeymoon.
The wife's jealousy, 1t is said, was
responsible in the past year for a
separation, after which, however,
they were reconciled. With the
result that they started on a sec.
ond honeymoon and opened a new
residence in a beautiful White
Plains house, attractively situated,
which Mrs. Barring had inherited.
Mrs. Barring possesses considera.
BILE means, II was learned. while
Continued on Page Q. Column 60
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
104 Mine RS TRAPPE j:
RESCUE WORK bI 0CKE ]
HAVRE DE GRACE
SCRATCHES AND
JOCKEYS TO-DAY

Horses arranged in post position
order.
FIRST RACE-Four and a half
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
/ TELEGRAM
C|TED|N
PROOF
Message From Agent Here to
Auto Kings Secretary Is
Quoted by Norris.
By Intsrnatlonal News servics.

BY International News Service.
President Coolidge is one OF
the leaders in the movement to
turn the Governments nitrate
and power project at Muscle
Shoals, Ala, over to Henry Ford,
Senator George w. Norris (Rep. }
of Nebraska charged today be.
fore the Senate Agricultural Com
mittee.
Norris based his charge on a
telegram from James Martin Miller
Washington representative of Ford
to e. j. Leibold, Ford's secretary
at Detroit.
In this telegram, which Norris
obtained by subpoena from the
Western Union Telegraph Com.
pany, Miller said he had talked to
the President and that Mr.. Cool.
idge said he was willing to let
Henry Ford have Muscle Shoals
but wanted Ford to be careful
what he said about the deal.
Coolidge Is Quoted.
Miller said in the telegram thar
he had a private interview with
president Coolidge the morning of
october ~, 1923, and he quoted the
President as follows:
=! am friendly to Mr.. Ford, but
wish someone would convey to him
that 1t Is my hope that Mr.. Ford
WILL not DO or say anything that
van make 1t difficult for me to
Geliver Muscle Shoals to him, which
am trying to do"
Calls Weeks To Stand.
After making public this telegram
and other messages between Miller
and his employers in Detroit, Sen.
ator Norris, who is chairman of the
Agriculture committee, summoned
Secretary Of War Weeks to the
stand to question him CONCERNING
the arrangements between Ford AND
the administration for the disposi.
ton Of Muscle Shoals.
Weeks said he did not think that
the President was particularly
anxious that anyone should have
Muscle Shoals"
At Norris request, he detailed the
controversy which arose between
him and Ford subsequent to the
sale OF the Gorgas powerplant, one
Of the Muscle Shoals units, 10 the
Alabama Power Company last Sep.
TENDER. r..
Gave Soft Answer.
Weeks said that Ford made a"bit.
ter attack" on him the next month.
In your reply" Norris said,
''you RETAINED from vituperation
and denunciation, did you note"
"Yes," said Weeks. Had an.
swered him as an individual might
have said something entirely dit.
ferent. but an official Of the Gov
eminent must answer in an official
way, even though he considers it
a personal attack"
ION December g." Norris con.
tinued, "Mr. Ford called upon you.
Was 1t a friendly visit?"
Eyes, Mr.. Ford came with an
engineer and secretary and So Id
he was calling to pay his respects,
not coming on matter of bust.
ness"
HE had been that same day."
Norris added. Ito see the President
had he not?"
believe so. but am not certain. !"
Now on December 6. Mr.. Weeks,
President Coolidge in his message
Continued on Page .. Column %
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28

One mile and seventy yards.
Freedoms Call-No boy. ........ 81
Mimic 2nd-Shanks. .113
Wrangle--Wallace lis
Simoon-Morris ................115
Jewell V. D.-Shanks. ......... 106
Clough Jordan-L. Lang. ...... 9S
Soggarth Aroon-Milner. ........ ITO
Flying Fur-Williams. ........ 81
Scratched-Clansman.
SIXTH RACE.
Mile and a Quarter.
Rechabite-Smallwood :. 49,. 80
Roseate-J. Dawson ........... "a
Little Ammie-No Boy. 100
High Gear-Mangan. ...........104
Belle of Plymouth-Brown. 80. IS
Irish Pat-Walls 80. .........107
West Pittston-No Boy. "a
North Wales-Marriner. ..102
May Roberts-Wilson. ........ 80
Night Raider-Milner ......... SO
Scratched-East Indian.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
Mile and Seventy Yard
FOUHIH RACE,
Mile and Seventy Yards.
FIFTH RACE.

e mile and seventy yards.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-28
e WEATHER

Showers tonight and possible Tuesday
morning; somewhat cooler Tuesday: mod
crate shifting winds.
Evening star., 1924-05-09
CANAL PROJECT ASSAILED
Backed by Politics, House Com
mittee Is Told.

The proposed all-American canal
project was assailed yesterday before
the House irrigation committee by J. C.
Allison, a civil engineer of Los Angeles,
as a plan utilized for purely political
purposes" by Representative Swing.
Republican, California, and Mark Rose,
director of the Imperial Valley irriga-
ton district.
Provision for the canal, attached to
ernment construction of dam at
Boulder Canyon on the Colorado River.
Allison asserted, is without merit"
THE canal" he said. 'ff built on the
route forced upon engineers by the po-
litical demands of Swing and Rose,
would become a never-ending burden
on hte government"
Allison appeared at the committees
request to testify in regard to alleged
opposition by Mexican land owners to
the proposed river development, and
George II. Maxwell, executive director
of the National Reclamation Associa-
tion, that a great Asiatic colony was to
be founded in Northern Mexico.
Mexico has been used as the bogey
man." Allison said, upon which Ia
base the only possible argument for
the canal. as all OF the lands to be
irrigated by the proposed canal could
be served with water from the river
at much less cost than is proposed in
the bill"
Most of the statements OF Swing and
Rose, concerning the Mexican situa-
tion. Allison declared. could be proven
untrue" as Mexico has complied fully
with every requirement of the amend
utent under which the Imperial Valley
gets its water supply.
Evening star., 1924-05-09
OPERALOGUE PRESENTED
WITH AID OF QUARTET
Mrs. Albion Discusses 'sLohengrin'
at Central High, With Prelim-
mary Sketch of Wagner.

Mrs. Edouard Albion gave one of
her oreralogues at Central High
School last night, assisted by quar-
tet of leading singers from the Wash
ington Opera Company. The particu-
lar opera under discussion was Wag-
ner's "Lohengrin." AS usual, Mrs.
Albion gave a short preliminary
sketch of the life of the composer.
The story of the opera itself was
given generous vocal illustration in
solos, duets and quartets. by Dorothy
Mansfield, soprano, in the role of
Elsa: Rose Polio. contralto, as Or
trud; Louis Annis, tenor, as Lohen-
grin, and Albert Sheffermann, bass.
as Telamund. Particularly fine was
the duet between Telamund and
Ortrud, in which the two are sup
posed to be plotting against the mar
riage of Elsa and the mysterious
knight. Miss Mansfield sang "Elsa's
TrauIn" with sweetness and legato
style. Mr.. Annis gave both "Mein
Lieber Schwann" and the long mar
rative aria with good tone.
The quartet arrangement of the
famous wedding March" seemed to
be one of the most favored Of the
selections with the audience.
Mrs. Albion made a strong plea for
the establishment of Washington
opera on a firm foundation, mention
ing that the capital of every other
country has it's own opera and opera
house.
Evening star., 1924-05-09
DR., GLAZEBROOK ELECTED
Chosen President of Laymen's
Service Association.

DR.. L. w. G1azebrook was elected
president of the Laymen's Service AS
sociation of the Episcopal Church in
the diocese of Washington at its annual
meeting in Advant Parish Hall Wednes-
day night.
Other officers elected are: Vice
president, Alvin T. Gregory; secretary,
C. T. Jewell; treasurer. Walter B. Pat
terson: members of the executive COM
mittee, H. P. Blair. q. D. Blackstone,
H. D. Amis, J. c. Clem, A S. Brant,
W. L. Beale, F. c. Wallace, Robert U.
Patterson.
A resolution urging the reappoint-
ment of Judge Kathryn Sellers as
Juvenile Court judge was adopted by
the organization The resolution was
introduced by DR.. Glazebrook and
seconded by Byron S. Adams J. N.
Stephen of London gave an address on
the work of DR.. Bernardo's homes for
destitute children. There are 156 of
these homes in various English speak
ing lands The association voted its
sympathy and approval with the work
Following the business meeting a
musical entertainment and supper
were given