davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1924-01-30
January Oath, 1921.

twonty.three S%ereeants and SO patroImeu
were transferred to other posts, the
order coming from Police Commissioner
EnIjght last ni2hr. The order also re-
lieyed inspectors Of responsibility for
enforcement of Prohibition, that duty
being given to a special service com.
mission.
, 1924-01-30

MEMBERS OF THE Com.
Mr.. A. J. Blackweod
M. NJ .skeoch
Folmer Andersen
" \. NeIthropp
" G.. /. Fleming
D. Armstrong
Fl. MacKay
B. NelIhropp
A. NeIt1copp
A J. BDacEwood
NJ. M. Skeocb
g ~ D I'LL.
, 1924-01-30
25th
I On1pany S
- % g

Road holders on the Center Line must keep all holes filled cmvrs eeued. and
bitches mended as heretofore. Stones should De thrown OF the one d-o o. he radso
as 10 prepare for CuHWr and Role as they advance Eastward, and when covering is
required, will be daily notified All other roads must be graveled and otUTBe re
paired as usual.
EDGAR W. MEYER,
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
EXTENSIVE PLANS
FOR WORK LAID
IN BOSTON DIST.
Balanced Program Being
Carried Out

BOSTON, Aug. 27.-Plans for extern
sive work in District No. / OF the
Workers Party have been laid out, ac-
cording to the bulletin sent out to the
membership by District Organizer
John ]. BALKAN.
New district headquarters have al
ready been secured at 1853 Broadway,
corner of Shawmut Ave-, containing a
large hall, and branches are urged
to send in donations in order to make
it self-sustaining.
Educational Work.
A complete curriculum for educa-
tional work in the fundamentals of
MARKHAM science, the labor movement,
public speaking, American politics and
a trade course has been laid out to be
run thru the old Boston School of
Social Science, which has been reor-
ganized as party institution, with
Comrade Stevens in charge.
The T. u. E. L. is being reorganized,
and the DAILY WORKER member.
ship drive is being pushed with re-
newed vigor. Members are also being
urged to aid in the organization of
Y. w. L. branches wherever possible
the district organization furnishing
any necessary speakers.
The Foster-Gitlow campaign is be.
ing combined with the Massachusetts
political drive, and all efforts are be-
ing made to get our candidates on the
ballot. Altho Maine, New Hampshire
and Vermont will have no state tick
cts this year, Communist campaign
meetings will be held in whatever
cities it is possible to do so.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
COP WHO USED TO
CRUSH STRIKERS
DESIRES PENSION
Wakefield Notorious in
1913 Garment Walkout
(Hy the Federated Press)

NEW YORK, August 27.-Captain
George R. Wakefield has applied for
retirement on pension after % years
in the police department. Wakefield
is said to be aggrieved because Com
missioner Enright reduced him from a
deputy inspectorship. This job griev-
ance of Wakefield's brings to mind his
activities during the famous garment
strike of 1913 when as captain of the
old West Seventeenth Street station
in the heart of the strike district he
did all he could to crush the efforts
of the white goods workers to improve
their own job conditions.
Mass arrests of peaceful pickets were
made. Wakefield was a specialist in
letting the bosses thugs finish their
job Of beating up the girls and then
having them rushed to the police
station in patrol wagons. Patrolmen
told newspapermen, among them re-
porter now on the Federated Press,
that they were acting under orders
from Wakefield when they made these
wholesale arrests which they regarded
as unnecessary from the standpoint
of law and order. They added that
Wakefield was understood to have
been fixed" by the manufacturers.
Even Punched suffragettes
The gallant officer had the suffragette
leaders who assisted in the picketing
dragged into the police stations and
hailed before police judges. His ar
resting efforts paused only before
Miss Fola LaFollette, the senator's
daughter, whom the captain con-
sidered it good tactics to avoid, tho
he insisted to newspapermen that he
would take her in if she stopped NOV
ing
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
BRIDCEMAN RAID
TEST CASE SET
FOR OCTOBER
Defense Council Calls
for Financial Aid

The appeal Of c. E. Ruthenberg,
executive secretary Of the Workers
Party of America, will be heard by
the Michigan Supreme Court in the
first or second week Of October.
After nine months Of inexplicable
dilly-dallying on the part of the
prosecuting attorneys, during which
the date of the hearing was repeated
ly announced, and time after time
postponed, formal preliminaries have
at last been complied with, making
it certain that Ruthenberg's appeal
from conviction under the Michigan
Criminal Syndicalism Law will come
up early in the October term of court
Assignment to the October term has
already been made by Judge White,
following the filing of the Bill of Elk
ceptions in the case last week.
Owing to numerous delays on the
part of the prosecution, it is expected
that Assistant Attorney General o. L.
Smith of Michigan has been working
up some sort of surprise or other legal
trick by means of which he hopes to
defeat the appeal and railroad Ruthen-
berg to jail. However, the defense has
been making good use of the extra
time, too; the Labor Defense Council,
which is conducting the appeal, has
been collecting funds steadily from
working class sympathizers, with the
result that only a few thousand dol
lars are now lacking to assure Ruth
enberg the benefit Of every available
legal resource.
Funds for the defense should be
sent in at once to the Labor Defense
Council, 166 w. Washington Street,
Chicago.
What makes the Ruthenberg appeal
especially important to all interested
in free speech, is the fact that the
court will be asked to pass upon the
constitutionality of the Criminal Syn
dicalism law. Radicals and militant
labor leaders have been arrested in
more than a score of states under
hysteria laws closely resembling the
Michigan statute.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Armenian Section
Holds Convention
in N. Y. Saturday

The Armenian Section of the Work
ers Party will hold Convention be.
ginning Saturday, August 30th, in
New York City. The meetings will
be held at the club rooms of the New
York Armenian branch, 4O7 Fourth
Avenue.
For nearly year now there have
been difficulties in the Armenian Sec
ton due to controversies between
various groups.
Federation and Party Unite.
The Central Executive Committee
of the Workers Party has endeavored
to settle the controversy and build up
functioning organization. To achieve
this, it united the Armenian Workers
Party and the Armenian Federation,
both of which were accepted as afi-
lated groups of the Workers Party
at the Boston Convention, held in the
spring of this year.
A temporary Bureau for the com.
bined organization was appointed by
the Central Executive Committee
This Bureau has been carrying on the
work with some difficulty due to the
feeling aroused by the factional con
troversy.
Start Constructive Work
Thru a joint action of the Bureau
Of the Armenian Section and the Cen,
trail Executive Committee of the
Party, the Convention which is to be
gin Saturday was called at which all
the problems of the Armenian Sec
ton will be taken up and a Bureau
elected by the delegates present.
The work of the Armenian Section
has been improving for some time
and 1t is expected that this Conven
ton will mark the ending of the fac
tional controversy and the beginning
of constructive work among the Ar
menian workers Of this country fol
the Communist movement.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28

achieved their electoral victory?" I
asked.
None at ALL" replied Stoecker. "In
fact, on August 8, all anti-war demon
STATIONS, organized by the German
Communist Party, in the occupied
areas were summarily forbidden, both
by the French and British authorities.
And the Communist member Of the
Reichstag, elected from Cologne, Flo
rim, has been deported for some time,
and the ban has not been lifted. Thus,
he is not only unable to visit his fami-
ly in Cologne, but he cannot even re-
turn to the constituency which he rep
resents in the Reichstag, to confer
with his electors. This should strike
the public as being most curious in
reference with the workings of par
liamentary democracy, by authorities
who are supposed to be controlled by
a democratic labor government.
Communists Successful.
1.-THE Communist Party has had
great success in the elections in
Rhineland and Westphalia. Large
numbers of workers have rallied to its
colors. Thereupon the persecution Of
the party by the occupational authori-
ties became still more intensified. The
German Communist Party desires
that the proletariat of the world
should know Of these matters, and
should add their protests to the voices
which have already been raised
against this arbitrary terrorism ex-
ercised by the occupational authori-
ties against the working class move
ment of these areas"
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Would Deny Fighters
for Democracy" Right
to Vote in America

PRESCOTT, Ariz., Aug. 27.-.More
than 200 patients at the U. S. Vet
Grams hospital at Fort Whipple, near
here, are incensed at the action of
John f. Russell, local attorney, in
his demand upon the county recorder
that their names be stricken from the
registration lists and they be denied
the right to vote in the comming
election.
The demand is based upon the as
sumption that Fort Whipple patients
are not residents OF Arizona, or Yapa-
val county, but are living on govern
ment reservation.
Local attorneys claim that there
is no basis for the action, as Fort
Whipple is not an army reservation,
having been turned over to the vet
Grams bureau more than four years
ago. The action will be bitterly con.
tested. 1t 10 said. -
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Our Candidates
FOSTERS DATES

Sioux City, Iowa-Labor Lyeeum,
500 Jennings ST., Friday, August 20,
8 p. m.
Des MoInes, Iowa-0rotto Hall, 72t
Locust St., Saturday, August 80, 8
p. m.
Omaha, Neb.-EagIes Hall, 18th
and cass sts., Sunday, August 81,
p. m.
Kansas City, Mo.-MusIcians Hall,
1917 Washington st., Labor Day, Sep
TENDER I, 8 p. m.
ziegler, lll.-PavIlIon Park on We'd
nesday, September 3rd, 6:45 p. m.
Springfield, llI.-carpenter Hall, Ad.
ans and Seventh Sts., Thursday, Sept.
ember 4th, 8 p. m.
St. Louis, Mo.-TrIanaIe Park, Al
South Broadway, Tuesday, September
End, 8 p. m.
Elizabeth, N. Turn Hall, 725
High St., Wednesday, September 10,
g p. m.
Newark, N. Labor Lyeeum, 7o4
So. 18th ST., Thursday, September II,
8 p. m,
Philadelphia, Pa.-MusleaI Fund
Hall, 9th and Locust Streets, Friday,
September IL, 8 p. m.
Paterson, N. J.-HaIvltIa Hall, Sc
Van Houton Street, Saturday. Sep
TENDER 10, 8 p. m.
GITLoWs DATES
Comrade Gitlow, candidate for vice
president, will address meetings at
the following places:
Buffalo, Friday, Aug. 20.
Rochester, The Labor Lyeeum, $50
ST. Paul St.-Saturday, Aug. 80.
Daisytown-Sunday, Aug. 81.
anonsburg-Monday, Sept. I.
West N. ", N. J.-Floral Hall, nth
and Polk Streets, Wednesday, septem.
Der 10th, p. m.
Canton, ohio.-canton Music Hall,
s1o Tuscrawas St., e., Friday, Septem'
Der 5th, 8 p. m.
Akron, Ohio.-Perkins School Audi.
torium, Exchange and 6owery Sts.,
Saturday, September 9Th, 8 p. m.
Canonsburg, Pa Labor Temple
Monday, September list, 2 p. m.
Bellaire, Ohio - Miners Temple,
Wednesday, September 5rd, 1880 p. m.
Providence, r. Ia. c. A. Hall, 1888
Westminster Street, Monday Septem.
Der 18th, 8 p. m.
Dalsytown, Pa.-Muffet Field. Walk.
ertown, Pa, Sunday, August s1st,, 1880
p. m.
Buffalo, N. Y.-Labor Lyeeum, Will
lam and jefferson Sts., Friday, August
29th, 8 p. m.
C. E. Ruthenberg executive secre.
tary of the Workers Party, will make
series of campaign speeches in the
New England States. Two of these
meetings already arranged for are:
Boston, Mass. - Monday, Sept. 1,
Paine Memorial Hall, 1880 p. m.
New Haven, conn.-Saturday, Sept.
6, Hermanson's Hall, 1853 Crown St.
8 p. m.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
NAME ELECTORS I
ON PARTY SLATE !
FOR BALTIMORE.
Push Drive for Foster
in Maryland
lspsoIaI to The DaIIy w0rkerl


BALTIMORE, Aug. 27.-Baltimore
is on the Communist bandwagon. Pei
titions are now circulated to places
Foster and Gitlow on the ballot.
Members of the Workers Party
pledged to contribute a days wages
to the election campaign. Meetings,
including a Foster mass meeting, ares
being arranged. The poisonous La
Toilette propaganda is being counter
acted.
Duffy Heads Ticket.
Leading the list of eight state cleo
tors on the, Workers Party ticket is
John H. Duffy, colored comrade, an
unusual event in this half southern
anti-Negro town. The other electors
are: Thomas Sepp, carpenter; Frank
Bernat, tailor; Louis Masek Sr-
basket maker; Clement Loskot, stat
tionary engineer; Frank Heyduk, tail~i
or: Isadore Samuelson, portrait art
list; Joseph Highkin, dental mechanic.
The working class character Of the
Workers Party as compared with thet
local LaFollette outfit is evident in
the comparison of occupations Of the
w. P. and the Progressive electoral
ticket. A former Judge, a minister, a
college professor, are featured as the
saviours. The "Progressives" decided
not to place negro on the ballot be-
cause It might harm their cause. The
only workers on the ticket are two
highly skilled craftsmen, LOCOMOTIVES
engineer and a patternmaker.
Baltimore Turns a Leaf !
Altho the Baltimore local has not
been sufficiently active for long time,
it is now turning new leaf, with the
assistance of the District Organizer,
Comrade Jakira. Further steps to inn
prove local activity will be taken at q
general membership meeting on
August 29th. The meeting will be
held at the Finnish Hall, 701 S. 10th
street. The problems before the local
are, the reorganization of the T. U. z.
L., the increase of circulation Of the
party press and a more effective
English branch. The plan under con.
sideration here, is the transfer of
English speaking members Of the fed
GRAFTON branches to the English
branch.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
BIC SHIFT IN
U. S. DIPLOMATIC
CORPS EXPECTED
Minister to China May
Go to Persia
tspeeiaI 70 The Daily workerl

WASHINGTON, August pa big
shift in the American diplomatic corps
to fill existing vacancies in Japan,
Mexico and Persia, and possible va.
cancies insRome and China, may be
expected shortly, it was learned at
the state department today.
Since his return from Europe ten
days ago, Secretary of State Hughes
has been busy looking over the diplo-
matte field with the result that Presi-
dent Coolidge will have the opportu-
nifty in a few days to approve the
schedule of appointments and changes
contemplated.
Important Posts.
The most important ambassadorial
posts which have to be filled are
those at Tokyo and Mexico City, va.
cant since the retirement of Cyrus E.
Woods and Charles Beecher Warren
Under consideration for appoint
ment as minister to Japan are Edgar
A. Bancroft, Chicago attorney, and
Jacob Gould Schurman, American min.
lister to China, who is no enroute to
the United States for conferences with
state department officials.
1t was also reported today that
Henry P. Fletcher of Pennsylvania,
former under secretary of state, more
recently American minister to Belgi.
UNI, and now the ambassador to Italy,
would be transferred to Mexico City,
a diplomatic post which he held be-
fore being assigned to the state de-
partment.-
To Become Rabbi.
The Persian vacancy comes about
thru. the resignation of Minister
Joseph Saul Kornfeld, who is return.
ing to the United States to become
the Rabbi of Jewish synagogue in
Toledo, Ohio.
1t is possible that Minister Schur-
man may be transferred to Teheran to
succeed Kornfeld in view of the tense
situation now prevailing in Persia, fol
lowing the assassination of Major
Robert Imbrie, the American vice con-
sui.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28

where to have the facts of the
conditions under which the class
conscious workers movement
is compelled to function in the
occupied areas.
Occupation Halls Revolt.
"Since the occupation" said Com
rade Stoecker, 1.-THE revolutionary
class-conscious movement in the oc-
cupied territories has been greatly
hindered and suppressed. The Com
munist Party, has had particularly
to suffer, in this connection. In all
the occupied areas, and especially the
French, the party has been continual
ly prosecuted by the occupational au-
thorities. Hundreds of officials and
members have been arrested, and
held for varying periods in prisons,
some being sentenced to lengthy
terms. Large numbers of the leaders
have been deported, from both British
and French controlled areas.
Suppress Red DaiIies.
Then ten Communist daily papers
in the occupied areas are continually
being prohibited for varying periods.
The Communist daily paper, 'Die Soz-
ialistische Republik,-' has been for
hidden to appear seven times, by the
British authorities, in most cases the
prohibition lasting several weeks. On
August 1, the Communist daily paper
in Aachen, the "Aachene Arbeiter-
zeitung," was again closed down, this
time for period of four weeks"
And has there been no diminution
of this since the Labor government
came to power in Britain, and the
French epublican-Socialist bloc
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Postal Clerks Discuss Wages.

George Reiter, Hugh Long and Mar
tin Callahan were sent as delegates
from the Chicago Postoffice Clerks
Union to their national convention
to be held in Minneapolis, beginning
Sept. 9, and to last three days. The
convention will act on the presidents
veto of the demand for increased sal
aries.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Membership Meeting
of Czecho Slovaks
to be Held Friday

All members of the Czecho-Slovak-
ian branches of the Workers Party
in Cook County are instructed to be
present at general party meeting
Friday, Sept. 20, at Novak's Hall, Ho-
man ave., and 25th. A program of or.
ganization and press will be presented
there and all Czecho-Slovak comrades
should make it their business to be
present and participate in the dis
cussions.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
NEW YORK CITY
Party Activities
OPEN AIR MEETINGS.
Time, Place and Speakers.
Friday Auntst %

Jefferson and E. Broadway-Harry
Hartman.
10th st. and End Ave.-W. w. Vein
stone.
106th st. and Madison Avenue--J. S.
Poyntz.
i63rd st. and S. Blvd.-Rebecca Grecht
and Simon Felshn.
13Sth Street and Brook Avenue--John
Marshall.
Grand and Roebling ST., Brooklyn
J. Potash. b. Davidson.
Stone and Pitkin-Joe Brandy.
Graham and Varet SITS. Brooklyn
Jewish speakers.
sth Ave. and Sind SITS, Brooklyn
WinitslSy, indus.
13th Ave. and 42nd st.--s. Darcy. S.
Plason.
25th ST. and Mermaid Ave, Coney
Island-L. Landy and others.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Births In Decline
For Year of 1924
In City of Berlin

BERLIN, August 27.-The number
OF births in the German metropolis is
tagging more and more behind the
number of deaths, according to Stats
tics recently published by the Berlin
health Office. In 1920, right after the
war, there we're slightly more births
than deaths. Thereafter was a de-
cline. which reached 2.S per thousand
OF deaths in excess OF births by 1923,
and even "A per thousand during the
first quarter Of 1924
This was largely due to the terrible
poverty of the German masses who
are dying OF by the thousands.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Killed Hopping a "FIy."

BLOOMINGTON. ILL.,, August IT.
Joseph Tudor, II, of Indianapolis,
was killed here today in an attempt
to hop train while ION the bum" to
st. Louis to visit two aunts. He was
crushed by the trains wheels.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
New York city Take Notice.

BRANCH ONE Bronx English) and
BRANCH SIX (Harlem English) Of
the Y. w. l.. comradly request the
YOUNG WORKERS LEAGUE and the
WORKERS PARTY Branches, in New
York, to refrain from arranging any
affair on SATURDAY, OCTOBER IS,
1924, because we have already ar.
ranged large affair for that evening
at PARK VIEW PALACE, 10th st.
and 5th Ave, N. Y. G. Profits will. be
shared with the ID. Z. G. & N. e. c.
Cooperation will tend towards a sue
cessful affair.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
FRENCH AND BRITISH LIBERAL
LABOR GOVERNMENTS SUPPRESS
COMMUNIST PAPERS IN GERMANY
BY CHARLES AsHLEIoH
Especial to The Daily Worker)

LONDON--(By Mail For the antiwar week in Britain,
organized by the Communist Party of Great Britain Comrade
Soecke Communist member Of the German reichstag repre-
sentng the industrial constituency Dusseldorf Britain
representative of the German Communist party
Your correspondent had opportunity of speaking with
Comrade Stoecker anxious the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
ILLINOIS BOSSES
WILL USE RADIO
AGAINST WORKERS
Plan Talks on Patriotic
Subjects for Fans
Rv LELAND oLps.

Federated Press Stat correspondent.)
Organized radio propaganda is,
about to be added to the Illinois Man
ufacturers' Assn. program for making
the 100000 industrial workers of the
state more docile. Daily noontime
programs will be broadcasted by sta
ton WMAQ Chicago beginning Nov.
IL. In the meantime the packers and
manufacturers thruout the state are
preparing to install radio receiving
sets in their plants so that employees
can be regaled with employer propa-
ganda spiced with music during their
lunches.
Amerlcanixation Bunk.
Americanization interest Of employee
in total manufacturing output, impor-
lance of factory employee to the COM
munity, efficiency, wages and produc-
ton, health and accidents, thrift and
home ownership, sports, taxation and
legislation, the popular man in the
factory, the agitator, mutual interest
of capital and labor, successful manu-
facturers who started at the bottom,
etc.
Another Opium Can.
Employers see that the radio in
vention has given their class another
means, supplementing the colossal
power of the capitalist press, to
standardize the mental attitude of the
mailes of the people. They are plan
ming to use it like the press to main
tain proper wage-slaye psychology.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Another Opium Can.
An Aid to IIIIteraey.

The average number of years pu-
pill attends public schools in the
States varies from 4.05 and 9.Os years.
Illiteracy is highest in those states
where the average years of public
school life is shorter according to
statisticians of the United States Blu
reau of Education.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28

Distribute a bundle Of the DAILY
WORKERS frat Special Campaign
Edition, dated Saturday, August 80.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
DATES Of G PfAET H WoRik faesq P2sA4Y. A'Hs


Party units and friendly organizations
do not set conflicting dates.
Monday Sept. 1T. u. T.. l.. Picnic, AL
tenhein Grove.
Sunday, sept. international Youth
Day, Northwest Hail.
Sunday, oct. 12-Foster- Gltlow Campaign
Meeting, Ashland Auditorium latter
noon).
saturday. oct. is-John Reed Memorial
Meeting.
saturday, oct. 2s-Freiheit Ball. Ashland
Auditorium.
Friday, Nov. 7-seventh Anniversary
Russian Revolution, Ashland Audi
Saturday, Now rs - Young Workers
League Ball
Nov. 27.3o--Daily Worker and Labor
Wednesday, Dec. SIT. u. u. l.. Dance.
Jan. n - Lenin Memorial
Meeting, Ashland Auditorium.
Saturday, Feb. 2s-Red Revel.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28

o.. Sub" for the DAILY WORKER.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-08-28
Party Activities Of
Local Chicago
BRANCH MEETINGS.

Thursday, August q.
Enlarged City Executive Committee
Room 307, 166 West Washington Street
Eleventh Ward Italian-2439 South
Oakley Blvd.
scandinavian Karl Marx-27Ss Hirsch
Boulevard.
Scandinavian, West Side-Zeich's Hall,
Corner Cicero and Superior.
Scandinavian, Lake View-3206 North
Wilton Street.
Friday, August 2s.
scandinavian, South Chicago-64l East
61st Street.
u. w. S. S. Membership Meeting
Workers Lyceum, s p. m.