davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

Money. says the dictionary. ia ANY
material that by agreement serves as
common medium of exchange and
measure Of value in trade" And in
ages gone by, mankind has agreed
upon a variety of c~urrencies that
rould v be adapted to present day
commerce. But most Of the ancient
mediums of exchange possessed at
least a distinct virtue-they Of
Tered nc employment for the forger,
the check raiser or the counterfeiter.
Cave Mans Currency
In earth's early dawn our cave man
ancestor traded his surplus of animal
skins for q new stone Ratchet. A few
centuries later he traded those skins
Tor bear claw necklaces and shell ank-
1ets with which to bedeck his mate.
And SO greatly priced did these primi-
tive adornments become that they in
turn assumed the Importance and dig
nifty OF currency.
Il was the advent of metals that
first suggested to mankind the pos
Sibility OF a medium of exchange that
could be easily transported and would
mo possess the perishable qualities
attaching to hides. oxen grain and
olive oil.
China. as might be expected, was
one of the very first Of the early
civilizations to develop the use Of
metals as currency, using both cop
per and iron. Rome, which first used
copper as a basis of it's coinage.
adopted silver in 269 as a result of
the example of Greece.
In medieval European c~urrencies
silver was the principal standard. but
gold gradually assumed the ascend
ency. and today it is pre-eminent
throughout civilization.
Early American EXCHANGE
America has seen every stage of
the development of exchange. Al
though the earliest settlers had lone
known coin in their native lands, in
Cue new world commodities were prac-
ocaily the only cash. They ex-
changed bright beads, knives, hatch
cts and iron pots for the grain, to-
eacco and furs of the Indians. A
little later, in trade among themselves
and with the mother country, they
adopted leaf tobacco as a standard
or value
One OF the interesting historical
documents Of the Colonial period is
an enactment OF the Virginia Assem-
bly,. authorizing tie purchase Of the
original site Of tie city of Norfolk
Tor ten thousand pounds of good,
1Ierchantable tobacco and casks"
Cows and hides and grain and to.
Oacco were honest coin. They repre-
scented human toll. They might be
the subject Of theft. but their value
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

trade, and becomes more expert with
each passing year. Ink Graduating
chemicals are readily purchased at
any stationery store. Checks con-
tanning genuine signatures. the raw
material Of the "scratcher," are easily
obtainaole through robbery Of bust
ness. residence and apartment mai
boxes, and many other methods.
The American Institute OF Account
ants recently stressed the grave dan
ger of forgery in a report which gave
the number OF checks used annually
in the United States as six billion.
The report further stated that ninety
five per cent of the business OF this
country is transacted by means OF
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

be known. From the year 1900. the
word "cheque" became synonymous
with draft as referring TO a written
order on a banker, and ultimately ac-
CURED its present meaning. But the
chcque ushered in the golden age
of the forger and he was quick to
reap his rich harvest.
Truly, money had attained the long
desired fexibility, but this f~exibpity
brought with ii a new menace that
threatened for a time to destroy the
usefulness Of this new-found CONNER
cial wonder. Just as the developers
of the miiled edge checkmated the
"~clipcer,"- so ingenious inventors set
themselves to And a way out o. a con
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

Chemicals remoye the surface TAT.
But In its place. thrcagh chemicd re-
action, there appears in thckly ciag.
tered repetition. the wcrd"VO1D." to
confound and defeat the Dryer.
It's a far cry from the day when
cows were currency. Ant the old
adage of set a thief to catca q thief"
has gone into the discard. 1t is the
honest man. the chemist, the inventor
and the scientist who are protecting
the currency Of today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

ing the reduced coin to circulation.
Honest i%ntellects which in a later
day probably would have interested
themselves in check protecting de-
vices. defeated the clipper" by de-
veloping the milled edge. Where
upo the clipper" Immediately be-
came a "sweater'-the process OF
sweating" consisting CT shaking a
lot of coins in a bag until they were
considerably worn down, the crook
getting for his pains a quantity Of
metal dust.
The Coin ~"rIugger's" Game
II was the same school of crooks.
in all probability, who developed the
technique of punching holes in coins.
plugging the space with a cheaper
metal and hammering over the sur
faces SO that the substitution would
not to be discovered. Instances have
also been known of gold coins sawed
in two, the gold dug out OF the in
side and the cavity filled with lead.
Commercial paper made valuable
by the signatures Of individuals.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03
Notice, Subscribers
In Fl. Brown Area

Ralph Delgadc. carrier in the Fort
Brown area. has the humps.
That's why subscribers in that sec
tion failed to receive their papers
TUESDAY afternoon.
Ralph insisted on getting out in the
rain Monday, which fact probably cans-
ed him distress Tuesday, considering
his condition. He failed to report in
time for a substitute carrier to make
his route for him.
Ralph sends a message SAYING that
he hopes to be on The jeb asa;n today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

In exchange was never rendered I'M
stable by forgery or counterfeit.
Evolution of Forger
The evolution Of the forger and
check raiser of today goes back only
to the early days Of the coming Of
precious metals. The early gold
coins, when they were started on
their long journey through commerce,
conformed to a certain standard Of
weight. In passing through many
hands, however, they became worn to
a greater or less degree, still holding
their original value. Those early
coins had no milled edge. so the
"coin-clipper" came into being. This
early parasite made a practice of cut
etng of or wearing away a portion OF
the coin around the edges, and return
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03
Military Band VIII
Play at Post Tonight

The following band concert will be
given at the Fort Brown band pavilion
tcnight, starting at 1880, under the
direction of Bandmaster George A
Horton. The concert is open to the
public.
Program
1. March. National Fencibles. Sousa
2. Overture, Schauspiel, Bach.
8. Selection. The Firefly.- Frinl.
q Double Number, tA1 Celebrated
Psderewskf fRA Japanese Patrol
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

Instruments made valuable by the sig
natures of individuals or firms.
Check Protection Essential
Commenting upon the loss o.
500, 600, 5000 annually by American
business through forgeries and en-
bezzlements, the report expressed the
obligation Of the business man to pro-
tect himself against such losses in
the following language:
"A large measure of protection a
be secured against the alteration OF
checks and bills by giving attention
tc the style and form of the instru-
ments. The use Of safety paper and
the various devices that safeguard
against alterations is inexpensive and
necessary. The individual or bust
ness house that fails to use these
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03
WEDDING

Announcement was made today of the
Dolores Garay, and Emiliano Fernandez.
which will take place in Matamoros De-
cember 90. Miss Garay is the daughter
of Antonio G. Garay, an3 Mr.. Fernandez
is the son of Porfirio G. Fernandez,
formerly a federal officer in Matamoros,
now stationed at Laredo.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03
Bexley Murder Remains
Mystery; Police Baffled

COLUMBUS, o.. Dec. 3.-The Bex-
ly furnace mystery, which for more
r~
than two w5eks has baffied the forces
of county Prosecutor John R. King, to-
day is as much a mystery as when the
body of Mrs. Addie Sheatsley. wife Of
a prominent Lutheran minister, was re-
moved from tbs furnace CT the parson-
age November II, the prosecutor sad
today.
The farther bad news travels the
bigger it grows; the farther good news
travels the smaller it grows.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

w NCIENT Rome knew neither forger nor counterfeiter. When
: \ che village tailor set a price of two cows, two sheep and
lne spring lamb for the new spring sport suit of inlaid arrnor,
here was no chance to get by with a bad check. The tailor
idnt know anything about checks. There was nothing to do
tut drive in your three honest to goodness cows and take your
change in sheep, or lambs, or any other small animals the tailor
MIGHT have in tho fill
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

land, arrived in this ci-y Sunday night
and will remain for the winter. They
are the parents of Ray Taylor. They
will spend the winter here with him
and with ths family of Mr.. and Mrs.
Joe NJ. Spears. Mrs. Spears met them
in Houston and accompanied them to
the Valley.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03
English Couple Are
San Benito Visitors

SAN BENITO, Tex. Dec. 3.-Mr. and
Mrs. r. R. Taylor, Ct Cinderford. Eng
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1924-12-03

cLAssIFlEu ADDS BRING RESULTS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-11-28

80 cents on THE DOLLAR
Creditors. eager for their money.
oder. 10 make this sale Of double
4. stocks
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
ANTI.BONUS SUIT
 FILED IN NEW YORK
Plaintiff Claims War Grant Is
 Illegal Action

Washington, Juno 5.-Suit to hall the payment of the soldiers bonus wa, filed in the District Of Columbia su. preme court here by Benjamin Catch. inss, who described himself as faN payer of the United States. residing al IA West f'ifty-setenth street, New 1 York city.
 The court is asked for an iniunc. ton against John W. Weeks, secretary of war: Curtis D. Wilbur. secretary Of the navy; Andrew W. Mellon, secre- tary of thu treasury; Prank D. Hines director Of the United States vetsr. ans bureau. George 1T. Carter, public printer, and Frank White, treasurer of the nited States. The injunction would prevent the operation of tho world war adjusted compensation art. commonly known as the bonus law.
 Charges Wate of Funds
 The. plaintiff asks tho court fo do cree biat the public revenues or the United States are a public trust and 10 hold that the bonus act is in fart and truth, a mere bonus gift by fed cial congress, and not a provision for IhP payment Dl NHN hfDl pr tD1pfnSa- - ton owing in money by tho United states of America. The court is also asked 10 say that the bonus act, 1T executed, would accomplish a waste and unlawful diversion Of the public fund
 The plaintiff sets out that during May, 1a24, without the approval of the president, congress purported to enact the compensation hill. the os- tensihle and declared purpose nf which was and is ''to provide adjust d compensation for veterans of the World War and for other purposes"
 When the people were called 10 war the plaintiff says, schedules and rates Of compensation were fixed and settled for the services rendered.
 Calls Bonus Gift to a Class
 The true purpose Of the act, it is charged. is not, as stated. to provide adjusted compensation. but 10 make a gift from tho public treasury to that particular class or those who helped
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
House Votes Down Ban on
 One Piece Bathing Suits

Washington, June b.--Despte tho eleventh hour rush to complete the legislative program, the house of rep resentatives found time yesterday 10 SO on record in favor or onc-picce bathing suits, This declaration Of policy on one Of tho constantly press ing national questions came on a vote on an amendment proposed to a bill rppropriating s50o00 for n new bath Ing beach here Representative Blau- ton, democrat, of Texas. offered the amendment which would have ban. ned the one piece garment. lt was irdlgnantly rejected by a majority ol the members present.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
JAPANESE CHEER
 FOR CYRUSE. WOODS
Retiring Ambassador Gets Won. derlul Ovation in TOkio
Ky the Associated Press.

Fly the Associated Press.
 Iokio, June 5.-Cyrus E Woods. rellrlng American ambassador was the central figure of an ovation when he Icit Tokio this morning for Yokohama en route home.
 Crowds damned the station and "banzaicd" as the ambassador with hlS aged invalid mothcr-in-law, Mrs. Marchand, on his arm, made his way through the throng with difficulty with the aid of the police.
 The ovation was surprisingly hearty ln View of the anti. American tenor of public feeling, It is estimated that 10000 people were present, many of whom were students
 The Woods party drove through -Weets traNcrsed only a few minutes previously by the regent and his bride m their motorcar. The crowds which had checrcd Japan's ruleH also cheer cd the |. s. envoy
 Student organizations early this morning distributed a hundred thous- and handbils throughout the city re- calling the services Mr. Woods had performed for Japan i'll relief work at and alter the time Of last Septembor's Earthquake disaster and urging the populace to turn out to bid him fare well.
 On the station platform were For cign Minister Matsui and his wife who presented Mrs. Woods with bon quet. Others who came to bid him farewell included Vice Minister Mat sudaira Of the foreign affairs depart mcnt; Baron Kiiuro Shidehara, for merly ambassador to the United States and a number Of foreign office off cials as well as the members of the American community.
 An extra police guard was station- ed along the route followed by the Woods party, but the demonstration incident on his departure passed off without a sign of anything but friend liness for him.
 Mir, Woods boarded the President Mckinley today. It sail at 3 p. m. tomorrow.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
S30,OOO Gem Robbery Is
 Reported in Philadelphia

Philadelphia, June b.--Isaac Steele, iewelry salesman, representing Al. herts X kautzman, of Irvington, x. l., reported to the police yesterday that he had been robbed Of gems worth be- tween S20,000 and $S0,000, Steele said he was walking through the cen tral section Of the city, preceded by William Rollins, negro hotel porter, who was carrying two sample cases. X touring car bearing Now York li- cense plates pulled up 10 the curb, the salesman declared. and three young mon covered Rollins with pis- tols and ordered him to throw the suit rases into their machine. Tho negro lid so and the bandits drove off.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
.Depew to Miss Attending
 Republican Convention

Cleveland, June 5.-Chauncey NJ. Depew is about to miss the first na- tional convention of the Republican party since 1888.
 Lafayette B. Gleason, secretary of the convention, received a telegram yesterday from C. C. Pauldng, Mfr. Depew's nephew, saying that the grand old man of, the party" could not come to Cleveland because of ill health.
 The convention had planned to stage a demonstration for MT. Depew. who was to have been asked 10 ad- dress the gathering and he was to have been followed by that other nestor' of American republicans. for mer Speaker Joseph c. Cannon, of Illinois. 1t is now doubtful if Mir. Cannon will be able to attend.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
Soyict Dresses Tn

Moseow-Blithe Dame Fashion has come to town trimming shaggy boards, putting creasos in bagEv trous- CTS, and showcring soviet diplomacy with high collars, top hats and frock coats, The recent influx of sartorial- ly-garbed diplomats from other Euro pean countries has made Eoshevik officials more particular in the matter ftheir own drcss.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05

to win the war, who wore the public uniform"
 Mir, Catchings declares that the sovereignty of America lies in the people. The judges, the president and congress are but agents and servants. he says, Mir. Catchings appears as his own counsel.
New Britain herald., 1924-06-05
Sends Tishy Gift

New York Rainbow trout eggs from 0regon--5,Oo0 potential fish were sent to Czecho-slovakia aboard the White Star liner Pittsburgh re- gently. The eggs-a gift Of the United States to the central European repub- lic-will he used to stock mountain streams where natural conditions cor respond to those of the trout's native habitat.
The Washington times., 1924-04-30

roll Of the Buick factory. and we ex-
pect to soon increase this number.
Extensions and additions to our
engine plant, sheet metal plant, body
building plant, gray iron foundry,
axle plant, forge shop, tool making
plant and finished stock department,
the work upon which has recently
somewhat restricted production, are
rapidly approaching completion.
These improvements will supply ia
cilities for meeting our constantly
and rapidly increasing domestic and
export business.
1t is most satisfying to realize that
we have sold 10000 more of our 1924
models for the season ending March
80 than we did for the same period
in our best previous year, namely
that of 1928.
We have every reason to look for.
ward to a more settled condition
abroad now that Dawes report has
been received and accepted. This
report should not only mean larger
outlet for American motor cars, but
for products of the American farms
and should bring about better'aver-
age prices for such commodities.
AS time goes on it Is very \appar-
ent that the business men of this
country are depending more anC
The Washington times., 1924-04-30
TIPS GIVEN FOR
PROSPECTIVE
CAR BUYER
Automotive Trade Association
Says Machine Reflects
Earning Power.

Apropos of the opening of the au-
tomobile buying season, the Wash
ington Automotive Trade Associa-
| ton has prepared brief list of
seven salient points for prospective
| purchasers to bear in mind.
1t is pointed out that car buying
| today is on basis entirely different
from that of yesterday and that
motorists should be abreast of the
times in order to get the best re-
suits from their motoring, of which
the purchase of the car is perhaps
the most important feature.
Cars, the w. A. T. A. paper says,
are being bought more and more
out of earnings rather than savings,
and it is here that the seven points
apply.
1.-THE trend toward paying as you
ride is so pronounced that ones
choice of a car now frequently rep
resents ones earning power rather
| than ones wealth." says the bull
letin. 1.-THE first point for any car
| buyer to consider is that the car he
buys will, in sense, reflect his
earning capacity. There are still
| generous examples of extremes in
which people with small incomes
purchase high class cars out of cap
| ital or in which people with large
| incomes purchase relatively mex
| pensive cars out of preference, but
| the average buyer will do well to en-
deavor to make his purchase Of a
| car to conform to his earning
| ability.
This means that he must guard
against buying a car that Will not
give him the comforts his salary
| warrants. His social station in life
| and the people he associates with
| demands of him a car that measures
up to their standards.
Point three is to avoid being n
Goldfish aristocrat. No automobile
dealer feels comfortable selling a
car to a man who is buying way
| beyond his means, for it is fore.
gone conclusion that the car viii
| of necessity suffer through lack of
attention and care. 1t will be an
asset to neither owner nor dealer.
"A clear idea of the uses to
| which the car will be put should
determine largely just what proper
ton of the motorists earnings
should go for the purchase of his
car. This proportion should be
more generous, for instance, If the
car is to feature in his business
| for it can then be figured as either
helping to produce revenue or cut
ting transportation expenses. In
effect this would be equivalent to
a greater earning capacity for the
| motorist.
1.-The fifth point is particularly
salient. One should look ahead at
least a year in considering his
earning capacity in it's relation tn
car-buying power. AS time pay.
ments run to as high as fifteen
| months it is evident that ones
earning capacity a year from date
of purchase of car is equally i'm
portant as his earning capacity
now. Some buyers should figure on
a decrease in earning capacity,
while others should figure on an
increase. 1t avoids regrets at q
| later date.
I'm figuring the proportion Of
earnings for purchase of the car
add enough to cover depreciation.
The Washington times., 1924-04-30
BALLOON TIRES
NOT NEW, SAYS
NASH MAN
Hurley Sales Manager Dis
cusses Development and ADJ
Vantages of Type.

The popular impression estab.
lished with the public that balloon
tires are new-or an innovation
was largely dispersed few days
ago in an interview with N. D.
Hawkins, jr., sales manager, Hur-
ley Motor Co.. Nash distributors.
Speaking Of the actual time that
balloon, or a tire somewhat similar
to the balloon has been before the
public, Hawkins said:
1.-THE first step in the develop
ment Of the present balloon tire was
made back in 1916 when a tire
known as the Jumbo, size 3Ox3h
was brought out. This tire was 10
per cent oversize at the time, Of
very thin construction, an despe-
ctally large air chamber-features
which are largely magnified in the
balloon tire of today.
Cord Was Next Step.
'"The next step forward was in
1919 when a cord tire Of 30x3h
carrying an air pressure of only 80
pounds, was brought out. Now, in
1924, the new balloon tire simply
extreme degree, the low air pres
sure advantages that are being
demonstrated today.
Greater riding comfort, safety
and car protection without sacrific-
ing mileage or increasing fuel con-
sumption, is found by owners of
Nash cars carrying balloon equip
nient. A combination of the we'll
known resiliency of the Nash body
springs and the low pressure tire
makes a well-nigh perfect COM
bination.
mot only is greater comfort OBJ.
tanned, but also greater safety and
control of the car; and skidding is
virtually eliminated for, even on wet
streets, these tires cling to the pave
ment because of increased flexi-
bility and a larger traction contact.
In mud or sand, these large, power
ful tires prevent the car from sink
ing and hold it on a straight and
true course without slip or slide.
Shocks Absorbed.
THE huge air chambers with
greatly lowered air pressure absorb
all road irregularities, Jars and
Jolts and therefore they never reach
the body. Vibration squeaks and
rattles, which are especially annoy
ing in a well-used closed car, are
entirely eliminated.
That the public have Endorsed
the Nash line even more thoroughly
with this additional equipment is
demonstrated daily by the demand
Tor demonstrations and the large
percentage OF sales that are
brought about after they have been
thoroughly tried and %aSta6 -
The Washington times., 1924-04-30
DURANT MADE $4,000
CARS IN FEW YEARS

A summing up Of the activities
Of Durant Motors, Inc, from the
date of first production, two and
a half years ago, to March 1, 1924,
shows that the organization and
associated companies have pro-
duced 100000 motor vehicles and
sold over $155, 607 900 worth of mer-
chandise.
Over $4,000 employees are on the
pay rolls. The aggregate manufac-
turing capacity of all Durant plants
is 666,850 cars. Over 1000 dealers
are engaged in the merchandising of
Durant products.
The net profits for 1928 were
$2,715,226.18 after provision for
taxes, according to the balance
sheet of December 81, 1923. The
surplus, according to balance sheet,
was SAL ,649, 1883, and the total of
assets $73,871. 955.36.