davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
DIR. ALEXANDER SELLS HOUSE
Robert Sterns District Manager of the
American Stores Co. Takes II

Robert Sterns District Manager of the
American Stores Co., Takes 1t
Robert Sterns, district manager of
the American Stores Company, for the
Delmarvia Peninsula, has taken the
DR.. Alexander residence on South
street which the Doctor and his family
vacated a week or more ago to take
up residence at Oil City, Pa, his new
ly assigned railroad center. The
Alexander property was purchased by
Mrs. Mary Heffernan, of Philadelphia,
thru the realestate agency of F..
Charles LeCompte, for a consideration
of $4,000. Mrs. Heffernan is the
mother of Mrs. Sterns. Mr.. and Mrs.
Sterns and children had been occupy
ing the residence of Mr.. and Mrs. n.
F. Wilds on South street since last
Fall and since Smyrna is so ideally
central to his territory, Mr.. and Mrs.
Sterns decided they wanted the DR..
Alexander property which is not only
a choice residence place, but has a
garage attached which Mr.. Sterns was
desirous to have.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
DIVERSIFIED CROPS ADVISED
FOR FARMS DOWN THE STATE
SURVEY AROUND SEAFORD A
GUIDE FOR LOWER DELAWARE
Farmers Who Specialize Can Better
Their IncOmes-Urged to Till Soil
for Crops That Pay Living Returns

Farmers Who Specialize Can Better
Their IncOmes-Urged to Till Soil
for Crops That Pay Living Returns
With wheat and corn improbable
at the prevailing market prices, farm
ers of lower Delaware in a number of
instances are turning their attention
to crops that pay. The report of the
farm management survey, conducted
in lower Delaware last winter, was
given out in Farmers Hall at Seaford
on Friday night by NJ. o: Pence, coun-
ty agent leader. 1t showed that 81
farms were surveyed, 55 of which
were making progress. Farms with
several different sources of income
made more profit at the end of the
year than those with one or two
sources of income. As a guide for
farmers of lower Delaware, based on
the 1928 survey, the standards" Of
size were suggested, were at least 80
acres of tillable land, with 10 to IA
acres in truck crops, $50 to 400 hens
per farm, hogs and cattle to produce
enough meat and dairy products for
family needs, and sufficient production
Of other food supplies for family use.
Among the 81 farmers, 55 made labor
incomes, ranging from 2 to S187O
while SO farms returned nothing for
the labor of the farmers after making
| deductions of interest on investment
and paying all expenses. These farms
were all situated in the same market
ing centre, received about the same OF
rain and sunshine, and had a soil not
greatly unlike in many instances
Eighteen of the 81 farms, or 20 per
centum of them, had total receipts Of
less than $1,000 for 1923, while q
farms, or 81 percentum had total re
ceipts of $2400 or more. 1t was helC
that farmers who had diversified crop!
did better than those who specialized
in one or two crops, and that one O.
the surest ways the farmers have il
this section of increasing their in
comes is by increasing egg production
1t was decided to make a tour of tn
farms in this community to demon
strate which are the best farm prac
tices to pursue. Local committee
will be appointed to work in cooper
alton with the extension department
of the University of Delaware to al
range an agriculture program to cove
a period of years.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
ST. PETERS VESTRY NAMED
Elected at Congregational Meeting of
Parish Held Last Evening


Parish Held Last Evening
The annual Congregational meeting
was held St. Peters Church last night
at half past seven, with fairly good at
tendance. The Rector made an ad-
dress in which he expressed his pleas
ure at the indications of life and
growth in the Parish. The financial
reports showed receipts and expendi-
lures for the year 1928 amounted to
over forty-six hundred dollars ($4,-
6OO). 1t was decided to borrow enough
money to put the Parish buildings in
good condition. The election of Yes
trymen resulted as follows: Mr.. H. B.
Grieves, Mr.. J. B. HUM, Mr.. Robert
H. Hill, DR.. E. S. Dwight, Mr.. Geo.
w. Boehmler, Mr.. C. w. w. Schantz,
Mr.. H. C. Webb, Mr.. Frank Thomas
and Mr.. V. w. Elterich. On account
of the absence of the Rector, the SER
vices for Sunday, next, will be Church
School at 10 a. m.; and Morning Pray
er at IL a. m.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
STATE HIGH SCHOOLS TO MEET
State Conference of All Graded
Schools to Be Held at Delaware
University Next Week, May $40


University Next Week, May $40
Final plans have been made and the
program announced for the sixth an
nual meeting of the State High School
Conference to be held at the Univer-
slty Of Delaware, May and TO- This
conference of teachers is held each
year on the same date as the inter-
scholastic field and track meet on
Frazer Field, which will be May 10.
One feature this year will be a ban
quet on Friday evening, May 9, in
Old Colleg. At this banquet the prin-
cipal address will be made by DIR.
William D. Lewes, a noted educator
Of Philadelphia. The program for the
two days conference follows: Friday
evening, May 9, 6 O'clock-Reception
to visiting teachers, lounge room, Old
College; High School teachers ban
quet, University Commons; greetings
from the University, DrWalter Hulli-
hen,president University of Delaware;
Dean Winifred J. Robinson, Women's
College, University of Delaware. Re-
spOnse to greetings, DR.. H. V. Hollo-
way, State Superintendent of Instruc-
tiOn; David A. Ward, Superintendent
of Wilmington Public Schools. Ad-
dress, "The Social Purpose of the
High School," Dr. William D. Lewis,
editor Winston Company publications.
Saturday morning, May 10, $50 o'clock
/ West Wing, Old College HalD-
Theme, Failures Among College
Freshmen" Failures in Delaware Col
lege, Dean George E. Dutton; Failures
in the Women's College, Prof. W. A.
Wilkinson; Freshmen Failures from
the Point of View of the University,
DR.. w. Owen Sypherd, University of
Delaware; Freshmen Failures from
the Point of View of the High School,
NJ. Claiming Wagner, Principal Viii
mington High School; general discus
sion. John Shilling, Assistant State
Superintendent, presiding) - Theme:
"Review of Fundamentals" Delaware
History, Miss Rosalie Martin; Arith-
metic, John F. Leininger; Geography,
Henry E. Snavely; English, Miss Anna
Worrell. Saturday afternoon, 1.3O-
Annual interschOlastic athletic and
field meet, Frazer Field.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
RAYMOND DEAKYNE MARRIED
Dover Barber, Formerly of Smyrna,
Weds Miss Katherine Thomas, Dover

Dover Barber, Formerly of Smyrna,
Weds Miss Katherine Thomas, Dover
A wedding of local interest was
solemnized at the rectory at Dover on
Saturday evening, April 10th, at 9
o'clock when Samuel Raymond Dea-
lzyne, son of w. D. Deakyne of Smyr-
ma, was married to Miss Kathryne
Thomas, daughter of Mr.. AL. Thomas
of Dover. The bride was attended by
Miss Mary Scanlon Of Dover, and the
groom was attended by his twin
brother, Mr.. Willard S. Deakyne of
Newark, N. ]. The bride was attired
in a gray travelling suit with hat to
match and carried bOuqet of sweet
peas and carnations. They left from
Smyrna for Atlantic City, N. J., and
other points north. Mr.. Deakyne is a
barber in Dover and Mrs. Deakyne is
employed at the State Title Depart
ment. They will reside in Dover.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
CASES OF COUNTY INTEREST
BEFORE APRIL TERM COURT
MOST WERE BOOZE CASES IN
WHICH FINES WERE IMPOSED
Also Some Larceny Cases Are Dis
posed Of-Argument For New
Trial in TOwnsend-POynter Case


Five viOlatOrs of Delaware's state
laws, were indicated by the Kent
County Grand Jury of General ses-
siOns at Dover last week. Judges
Harrington and Richards imposed the
sentences. They were convicted of
illegal possession. All of the viola
tors are white men. John 7. Mitchell
was given a fine of S1OO and costs of
prosecution and probated for one year
to State Detective D. D. Wharton.
This offense was the illegal possession
of spirituous liquor William Bell was
fined 500 and costs of prosecution
and sentenced to eight months i'm
prisonment in New Castle County
Workhouse. Bell is an ex-sevice man
having served in the regular United
States Army nine years. John Col
Inns was fined $100 and costs of pro-
secution and sentenced to six months
| Imprisonment in New Castle County
Workhouse. Martin Kucek was fined
5000 and costs of prosecution and
sentenced to nine months imprisOn-
ment in the WOrkhouse. Aubrey
Gooden, whose place was raided some
four weeks ago and the largest equip
ment known in lower Delaware found
was given the full penalty of one year
in the New Castle County WOrkhOuse
and a fine of $500. Indictments OF
illegal possession against Gooden, Bel
and Kucek were dropped by the State
after sentence had been imposed.
Court En- Banc Hears Sussex Case
Argument was. heard in a Sussex
county case in which a jury rendered
a verdict of guilty on an indictment
for the unlawful possession of spiritu
Gus liquor-that of a large quantit!
of mash. Daniel J. Layton represent
ed the defendant, and Charles H
ShOckley and Deputy AttOrney-Gen
eral Houston represented the State
The question involved was whether tn,
material found was spirituous liquo
or a beverage. The testimony was t.
the effect that an analysis of tn
mash did reveal a degree of alcOho
} The defendants wife testified that tn
mash was nothing more than com
} bination of things thrown in barre
later to be given to the pigs. It wa
declared that alcohol was found in tn
, mash, hence the indictment.
Argue For New Trial in POynter Cas-
Argument was also heard Monda
I on a motion for a new trial in tn
! damage case of Poynter vs.. John {
: Townsend. A Kent county jury las
, February returned a verdict for 81
. $50 for Mrs. Poynter. Daniel ]. Lay
ton for Townsend and James +
> Hughes for Mrs. Poynter. The cOul
: reserved its decision in both cases.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
CLUB WOMEN TO LOS ANGELES
Mrs. H. d. Boyer and Mrs. S. J. Reyn-
Olds of This Town to Join Delegation

Mrs. H. d. Boyer and Mrs. S. J. Reyn-
ODDS of This Town to Join Delegation
A summer trip that will take them
from "sea to shining sea-" will be
enjoyed by a number of clubwOmen of
Wilmington and State who will go as
delegates to the General Federation
of Women's Clubs annual meeting to
be held in Los Angeles, in June.
Special trains and tours are being ar
ranged by the continental rail
road lines, but most of the Delaware
delegation will not take the club tour.
Mrs. Harlan NJ. Waller, of Delmar,
State President of the Federation of
WOmen's Clubs will leave on May "a,
taking the southern route and return
ing by the Canadian Rockies. She
will meet Mrs. H. D. Boyer, of Smyr-
ma, Federation Director, at the Grand
Canyon on the way west. With Mrs
Boyer will go Mrs. S. J. Reynolds, OF
Smyrna, both of whom are Past State
Presidents. They plan to leave on
May 81, going by New Orleans and
the Sunset Route and returning also
by the Canadian Rockies. Mrs. c
Stanley Chambers, president of the
New Century Club, of Wilmington
and Mrs. Frank Reynolds, one of its
members, will represent the Whining
ton club. Others are also making
plans but they have not decided def
nitely. Mrs. Chambers will go in ;
party of four, Mr.. Chambers and he
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Benjamin K
Smedley to accompany her. They vii
leave on May "a and expect to be gon'
about two months, visiting relatives
in Colorado and California and gOinl
by steamer to New Orleans from New
York city.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
RIDGLEY BOY FATALLY BURNED
Howard Benson, Jr., Trapped in Can
merry at Ridgley, Md, Thursday

AlOW dAu DNhSVit3 SA'S AAHPPCu IL CN-'
merry at Ridgley, Md, Thursday
Howard Betson, Jr., the 17-year-Old
son of Howard Betson, was burned to
death Thursday morning when trap
ped in the burning canning factory of
Salisbury Brothers. The cannery was
destroyed with a loss estimated at
from $4,000 to 100000, partly COW
cred by insurance. Betson was em-
ployed in getting the factory ready
for the canning of peas. He was
aroused by the fire which started in
a garage adjoining the plant about 3
o'clock Thursday morning. He hur-
ried to the plant and ran inside to re-
lease the plant fire hose. Efforts were
made to prevent him, but he went in
side the building. Before he could
get out a section of the building fell
in trapping him. His screams for help
could be heard for a minute or So
There was no way possible for the
firemen to get to him. Fire cOmpan-
les from Denton and Easton were
sent for. The companies made quick
runs, but the fire had gained too much
headway to check. The Denton com
pany could not get into service as its
couplings did not fit the fire plugs.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
w. o. HOFFECKER A DELEGATE
AS First Reserve, He Mill Take Place
of |. Elmer Perry at Springfield

AS First Reserve, He Mill Take Place
of |. Elmer Perry at Springfield
Mr.. w. o. Hoffecker who was elect
ed the first reserve delegate to the
General Conference by the recent ses-
sion of Wilmington Methodist Episco-
pal Conference, has been called up by
Mr.. l. Elmer Perry, of Wilmington, a
delegate, to go to the General Confer
ence in Springfield, Mass, in his stead.
Mr.. Perry has a sick wife and is un-
able to accept the honor. Mr.. HOf-
fecker, accompanied by Mrs. Hoffeck
er left for Springfield to-day. The
General Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, scheduled to meet
throughout the month of May, will be
one of the most important in the his
tory of the denomination. There will
be approximately $50 delegates from
all parts of the United States and
from forty-fOur nations and territor-
les abroad. Delegates from the for
eign field elected to represent the
various national groups of MethOdists
abroad number 78, among whom are
nine women. This gathering is rep
resentative of the 4,774,52O members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church
around the world and is the law-mak-
ing body of the denomination. All
decisions made by it are final unless
reconsidered by the body itself. The
delegations consist Of an equal num-
Der of ministers and laymen from 162
annual conferences which elect them
Their number is determined by the
membership included in the annual
conferences.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
WOMEN OPPOSING BILLBOARDs
May Appeal To Next Legislature For
Law FOrbidding Or Taxing Them

May Appeal To Next Legislature FOR
Law FOrbidding Or Taxing Them
A campaign looking to the eventual
elimination of signboards along the
Delaware system of highways is con-
templated by the State Federation of
Women's Clubs, according to an
nouncement made by Mrs. H. M. Wal
Ter, of Delmar, the president. Mrs.
Waller praises the natural beauty of
the State, with it's hills and valleys,
its broad stretches of green fields and
towering pine trees. Despite the ma
tural beauty" Mrs. Waller says, "the
increasing number of signboards along
the highways are slowly and surely
encroaching on nature and depriving
motorists of the pleasure of this
beautiful scenery" It is probable that
with but little response to appeals
from those who have been erecting
the signs, an attempt will be made
at the next session of the Legislature
to enact bills similar to those passed
in Western States forbidding the signs
entirely or putting a high tax upon
them.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
DEAKYNEvILLE LEAGUE MEETS
Home and School League is Thriving
and Delightful Programs are Given
Play Last Friday Well Received


Play Last Friday Well Received
Deakyneville, April 90 The last
Parent-Teachers Association of Deak-
yneville Home and League Associa-
ton was held Friday evening, the 25.
The building, as usual, was packed by
itsc enthusiastic crowd of members
and many visitors. The program was
much enjoyed by those present. The
ladies of the P. T. A. deserve much
praise for presenting to the audience
the two-act cOmedy-"Not Man in
the House." Much laughter was the
result of this humorous playlet. The
people of the community cannot be
given too much praise for their 10y
atty both in activity and finance.
Many things have been purchased for
the school-room and dishes for the
Association. The balance left. in the
Association after expenses, is $15.00
The program as given by the pupils
of Deakyneville School under the able
direction of their teacher, Miss Lillian
NJ. Aker, was in full as follows: reci-
tation, "The Yellow Bird" Mildred
Deakyne; recitation, "Seven Little
Chicks" Wilson Gardner; recitation,
"Glad That l Live" Julia Parag; rec
itation, "Rithmetic," Lloyd Warner;
recitation, Summer Time and Winter
Time," Catherine Heathcote; recita-
tion, "Barnyard Gossip" May Warner;
recitation, Something Else," Harry
Keiser; recitation, Daisies" Mareta
Warner; Song, "The Robin" school;
drill, "Ace of Diamonds; recitation,
"Auntie's Dress" Martha Newnom;
'The Farmer and the Crow" by nine
pupils; song, Till We Meet Again
and "Gymnastic Relief; Dramatiza-
ton of Thrift-Howard Charleston
Janette Gearhart, Laurence Deakyne;
drill, "Pop, Goes the Weasel; "My
New Easter Hat" Alice Council
Playlet-"NOt a Man in the House
Cast of characters: Mrs. Maria Bing
who has had a rough experience with
a cruel husband, and after his death
declares that no man shall enter the
house, Mrs. Harry Keiser; "Miss Lucy
Rider" her timid maiden sister," Mrs
Eugene Deakyne; "Jessie Ray" {
pretty niece, who has come on a visit
Mrs. Frank Freeman; "Aunt Belinda
an old-fashioned, elderly lady wht
sympathizes with the young, Mrs
Walter Donovan; "Kate," a servant
who has a gentleman cousin whom
she greatly admires, Mrs. Wake
Warner.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
OFFICERS 10Th CENTURY CLUB
Elected Last Friday With Mrs. S. j.
Reynolds the New Club President


The Twentieth Century Club of
Smyrna, at its annual election Friday
afternoon, chose the following of
ficers: President, Mrs. S. J. Reynolds;
first vice-president, Mrs. V. Lay Phil
lips; second vice-president, Mrs. Frank
E. Postles; recording secretary, Miss
Anna Hough; corresponding secretary,
Mrs. John P. Hudson; treasurer, Mrs.
l. Luther Lapham; club hostess, Mrs.
Benjamin Collins; chairman of educa-
ton, Mrs. Thomas Getz Hill; liter
ature, Mrs. James P. HOffecker; his
tory, Mrs. E. w. Dawson; civics, Mrs.
Ernest Slaughter; social service, Mrs.
William D. Hudson, arts and crafts,
Miss Emily Spruance; music, Mrs.
Edward S. Dwight. The office of
chairman of program to succeed Mrs.
John w. Clifton is yet to be filled.
Mrs. S. J. Reynolds, the newly elected
club president was also elected dele
gate to the General Federation in Cal
ifornia. She goes both as a represen-
tative of the State Federation as well
as the Smyrna Club. The delegates
elected to the State Federation in Re-
hoboth were the president and chair
man of program and Miss Anna
Hough; alternates, Mrs. H. c. Webb
Miss Rena Williams and Mrs. Edward
S. Dwight.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
~'RNA OFFICERS OF LEGION
''''IS Of D. c. Harrison Post,
Ol Smyrna, Elected For Year

- '"''fs Of D. c. Harrison Post.
:, u Smyrna, Elected For Year
=, %s :. annual election of the Am
4 .I..s9 .ssi9n the following officers
N + S'iSlsd; Ss.l; Post Commander, Viii
s,,,I + r cIcS''hews, : Jr.;vice-commander
n. =. r.; Garrisi Post Adiutant. A. A.
4 plaa pDlnance &c Officer, Davis L. Bart
N r..l, Iu.s historian, Davis H. Bell:
',i .'plan, /. Joe Mendenhall; Ser,
asr,r. arms, James D. Ouillen.
| aST' y committee: Grant G. Garris
! has = siast' Joe Mendenhall, john
1 i js,a a. , A. Wick. Our member
s.s,tDlIIa a1s been going along very
/ VI q ts., 0ut We are still not salts
4 4 Wa are 50 many ex-service
/ ,s,' ~ 4 are not members. All Won Won
n pa V.ioare lo are not members come
q ,iSa,le'day q. nights and ioin n
) lug The Legion has Dian. !,
snss, a carnival in August o,
p on H.. Inc exact dates will b,
eseI, Our ain. e. -.
'o,ss,. s'sl y IS to secure funds rj,'-'ts /,
gs,stoa y ambulance for Smv,n,
ssasds =, Every person should +,
n d NJ. sa0 give US their loyal Is sun :
Sas ~. : something no otbe.
h ~, ~'s' Of and something I,a tba
sns'. y. Useful. It will be read,
Ma N.Y. ~ any person. Wouldn;
aas w y satisfied if you ia,it had !.
Id. y llIs your family to the .r''S hos !
ven amt ambulance and knew tDa tba
ssas,'4' 4''s comfortable than ,'';' !
n II sa1.ts s.is'ts to give rs %ou you
~A ''' keep smyrna on stS h
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
AsBURY NJ. E. CHURCH NOTES

Rev. ]. ]. Bunting to Give a Series OF
Sermons on "Paups Shipwreck"
Rev. John J. Bunting, pastor of As
bury M. E. Church, has announced a
series Of three evening sermons to be
given the first three Sunday evenings
in May on "Paul's Shipwreck." The
sermon Sunday evening, May 4thi
will be "The South Wind; the sermon
May 11th, will be "The Four Anchors"
and the sermon May 18th will be "The
Two Seas" Church services morning
and evening, Sunday School services
and Epworth League Services at the
usual hours.
Smyrna times., 1924-04-30
|T1INNITDN CORDIALLY
IA STATE FAIR BOOSTERS
MEETING PRESIDED
~ lie. HOFFECKER
c,,. Fully Placarded With
sel Wit Wit Both TOwns-Yisiting
@'s .,,s. ,.I Informally Received

sl'- % Visit Both TOWns-FisiIilis
sSs S,slies si,s Informally Received
!. r,ir Boosters, in several auto
w % ia -,.Il nlacarded, visited Smyr-
y 4 rlaTton errt yesterday morning at
y ~ JIr met informally delegations
,,.,i,s,, 4, men in both towns IN the
lir I interesting this community in
Y a.,,o.itiOn. In Smyrna they
y i,.rrst5stely rst in touch with Alder
: Anthony. The latter soon
4. : ,,,siviug a telegram, got a few
!, 4 1T citizens together at the Town
IE Hofecker presided as
..,,r and remarks were made by
(. ] -5fng delegation of whom David
s.srburg was the chief spokesman.
!. .-.4 l,ttpr exhibited maps showing the
-, that are contemplated'in the
-, and the many other improve
y, uch as permanent buildings,
4 srests parks and tracks. These
4, we're brought along so that the
81, If each town may have an op-
univ Of seeing at first hand what
gair grounds will look like when
/. rDUTements are completed. Mr..
n ,,,r,rblrg told of the desire of the
Ttoy to put this State Fair on a
4 rrr basis and to give citizens in all
a Of the state an opportunity to
N N the project. He said S4OO,-
ii stock will be issued, a greater
\ mi which had already been taken.
red that Smyrna and Clayton
A 0wanize committees to solicit
m and get in back of the enter
that should mean so much to the
sTsn farmers and business men
veil Just what Smyrna and Clay
# VII do in the matter if they dc
thing, was not put forth as en-
aging. Farmers of this vicinity
business men too have lost heav-
d the MiddletOwn Farms, Inc.
rlnery projects, farmers in many
sUGes report improbable years
g to low prices of grain, and cit,
u already, especially in Smyrna
n been called on to subscribe tt
FEemen's Hall Fund and othel
Ets Of more intimate local con
n The State Fair delegation wa!
rlly received, extended the "keyi
he city but this was of necessity
1OH, because Of their hurry t.
rzt their campaign on down tn,
ae 70 Dover, Camden, FELTON,, Har
iol, Milford and Frederick. The,
u to Smyrna direct from Whining
and visited Odessa and Middle
N before coming to Smyrna. Tn
rFna delegation who met the Wis
2 we're Edward G. Walls, Charlie
Nder, Clarence B. Raymond, ]. +
'cAsr, Thomas Jefferson, H. s
ia'nE Harvey Wright, William F
s John S. Griffin, J. NJ. Lewis an
E W. Cunning. The visiting de
aa'l Of Fair Boosters was heade
4afes N. Banks, president of tn
l'ale State Fai r Association
~ ss r Randall, general manager {
ian and David Snellenburg,chail
q the Fair campaign committe
-A.lng committee Of business me
a'lng, in addition to Messr
randall and Snellenburg, S. !
.1eAS, D., Col. George A. Elliot
s-aa Miller, William F. Mette-
4S1't y j. Pyle, George Denney, B,
~. !, atwood, ! 70 ElwOOd B. Grifinber
| I..s .9 :, :, Weber, Max Keil, Fred {
~ John D. Thompson, and Joser