Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1924-05-15
F ARM EDUCATION
BY DR.. ANDREW M. SOULE

quite common in gardens. When the
vines begin to run, these broWnlsh
black bugs appear and for awhile
the females deposit their eggs, most
ly on the underside of the leaves
In a week or so, depending upon
| temperature, these eggs hatch. The
young nymphs are at first brilliant
ly colored, but later change to jet
black. They feed upon the juices OF
the plants for the next four or five
weeks until they are fully grown
Hand picking is the best method OF
controlling these pests, for any in
secticide that would be strong
enough to kill them would also seri
ously injure the plants.
Nematode Worms.-The little
nematode worms, neither an insect
nor disease, inhabits many of our
soils in the south. These little pests
when once they gain foothold in a
| field, are almost impossible of eX
termina ton. They attack a great
many of our vegetables as well as
fruit trees and other plantsA When
soil becomes infected, the best thing
| to do Is to rotate it with a crop
that they do not attack, some Of the
grasses, for instance. They are most
serious on light, warmer soils. They
injure the roots Of plants, making
little knots on them. AS a rule, they
do not kill plants, but seriously re-
tard growth. Where land is high IN
fertility and cultivation good, a. plant
may overcome this trouble and pro
duce profitably.
Bean, beet blackberry, cabbage
cowpea, eggplant, fig, gourd, melon,
morning glory, okra, parsnip, pea
pear, peach, plum, potato, radish,
rose, spinach, sunflower, squash and
tomato are some of the plants known
to be attacked by the nematode.
These plants should not be put on
infected ground and they should not
follow each other in the general rota-
ton.
Club root cabbage. This is a very
destructive and easily recognized dis
ease. It Is an enlargement Of the
main or lateral roots. The affected
parts, as a, general rule, break down
and, in this way the disease Is liber-
ated into the SOIL AS this trouble
can be noted on the seedlings before
setting out, it is we'll to look closely
to all plants, destroying those that
are infected. II is a soil condition
and therefore an infected field should
not be planted successfully to cab
bage. 1t Is said that Is to 90 bush
els Of air-slaked lime per acre, ap
piled some weeks before planting.
will give beneficial results. This
disease affects cabbage, cauliflower,
turnips, rutabagas, collards, radish,
and most other plants of the mus.
tard family.
Black rot of cabbage. This belongs
to the bacterial class of diseases and
first ppears upon the leaves as black
ening Of the veins. The affected por-
ton rapidly increases in size. The
dlscoloration extends downward
through the veins to the stalk. Soon
the stem is infected and finally the
whole plant. The general infection
of the plant always causes death.
Sometimes other rots may set in and
hasten the death of the plant. The
disease will continue to develop in
storage. The bacteria that cause the
trouble are usually found in the soil.
1t is supposed that they may also
be transmitted through the agency
!
may be carried from field to field
upon tools used for cultivation or
upon the feet Of laborers. AS vet.
no method Of control has been found
except the taking up and destroying
OF the diseased plants as soon as the
trouble is noticed.
kerosene Emulsion. Kerosene
emulsion is especially effective in
Killing plant lice. 1t should be made
and used with the greatest care.
w dleF -. 1 gal
Hard, soft, or whale soap >. - ID.
kerosene l at.
TO get an emulsion, the water
must be soft. Use rain water if pos
sible. If the water is hard, use
borax to soften. Heat the water AND
dissolve the soap we'll. Pour in the
Kerosene and either churn with a
broad hoe or pump the mixture
through pump into itself. The mix.
ture should be churned until the
oil, upon standing, does not sep
arate from the water. This requires
twenty to thirty minutes. The above
formula will give a 20 per cent
emulsion. To get a 10 per cent emul.
sion add l IA gallons of water; for
an per cent, add 2 gallons, and for
per cent, add IL gallons. The
7 per cent emulsion is the one to
use on plants in foliage.
Black lead-40. This is a CONNER
eial tobacco spray used for plant
lice and other softbodied sucking in
sects. 1t may be used at the rate
Of teaspoonful per gallon OF
water. The addition of little soap
the size of a walnut will make the
spray stick and spread better.
Arsenate of lead. Insects that eat
by biting can be killed when they
feed on the exposed portion of plants
by the use of stomach poison. OF
course arsenate of lead is undoubt-
eddy the best. Arsenate of lead comes
from the manufacturer in two
forms, the powdered and the paste.
Either of these forms can be used
by taking into consideration that
usually twice the amount of paste
Is necessary to do the work of the
powdered form. To prepare for use
either the paste or powdered form,
mix with a small quantity of water,
stirring until the mixture becomes
smooth. The powder will be found
much more convenient and easy to
handle than the paste. For making
small quantities, use one-half ounce
of arsenate of lead, one ounce of
lime, and one gallon of water.
Paris green. Paris green is a dust
for biting insects. One pound of
Paris green mixed with five to
twenty pounds of flour or air-slaked
lime may be applied as a dust.
Paris green spray. Paris green
spray for biting insects is made as
follows: One pound Paris green, one
pound quick lime, and 200 gallons
of water. Make the Paris green into
a paste with water before adding it
to the water and lime.
To make the arsenate of lead and