davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Palisadian., 1924-05-23

not so loud. Sounds like a. u, are
Ineligible at one ten-billionth of the
original loudness-that is, as far
down" as anything can be heard.
The air transmits all tones of the
voice impartially, but most telephones
cut of the high or the low pitch. or
both. and thus produce distortion.
The special circuit used for the tests
was more perfect than the average
human ear, which itself hears some
tones better than others. But the cir
cult could be arranged to cut off all
tones below a certain value or above
certain value. These changes pro-
duced some curious effects on the in
telligibility of speech.
lnteIligibiIity Is Reduced
First cutting Off all pitches below
700 cycles per second-an octave and
a half above middle C-the articula.
ton was reduced only per cent.
Then with all frequencies above 1000
cycles cut off, the articulation was re-
duced by Is per cent That is, elimi-
mating all the high pitched sounds
from the spoken words cut down the
intelligibility three times as much as
eliminating the low notes. Finally il
only the range of an octave and a half
from soprano A to high C is trans
mitted, the intelligibility Is reduced
by onerthird.
Palisadian., 1924-05-23
ENGINEERS PHOTOGRAPH VOICE
IN MAKING TELEPHONE TESTS
Ingenious Device Permits Experimenters See Effect Of
Various Sounds

Peculiar sounds issue forth from the
experimental workshop.
Fee, fie, 70, fun,
Chush, thup wong. jum."
1t isn't school boy chanting his
school yell, but serious-minded en-
gineer hard at work testing out the
English language.
Analyxing the Voice Sounds
One Of the interesting results OF
these tests was that as the loudness
was decreased certain sounds became
indistinct sooner than others. Vary
ing degrees of loudness are from
thousand times normal down to in
audibility. For instance, ~" is per-
fectly Ineligible at any loudness
down to one ten-thousandth, is much
the same, as are and h. The sounds
of and tn (as in thin) are more un-
derstandable when the conversation 10
Palisadian., 1924-05-23

Cant you hear me now? Probably
all the rest OF New York can"
That remark is typical of the tele-
phone "shouter." If he could visit the
laboratories of the Bell Telephone
System in New York, where work is
carried on for the purpose of improv-
ing the transmission of the human
voice by telephone, he could see by ac-
tual pictures OF voice waves that the
louder certain sounds are made the
less Ineligible they become over the
telephone 1t does not require scien-
tific experimentation, however, to
prove to most telephone users that
iOudness isn't as important as clear
enunciation.
The Bell System has spent millions
OF dollars to improve telephone serv-
Ice. but 1t Is to no avail IL subscribers
Palisadian., 1924-05-23


II 8 a Of mus
Palisadian., 1924-05-23

"111" cigarettes by choosing for their name
the address of its Home Office-111 Fifth
Avenue, New York.
Palisadian., 1924-05-23

ment of The American Tobacco Company
by making it one of the four biggest national
sellers in less than Is months time
We would be honored to have you try
them.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
STRANGE DEATH
 OF LEO CLARETIE
 STARTS SCANDAL
Mutilated Body Of Jour nalist Found Beside
 Railroad Track
By JOHN DE GANDT [ By | Leased Wire to Age-Herald.)

PARIS, July 17.-Coming as it does so closely after the granting of am nesty to Joseph Gaillaux, the mysterious death of Leo Claretie, distinguished French journalist and officer of the Legion of Honor, has aroused rumors of scandal and caused official investi- gation to be started.
 Claretie was formerly the husband of Madame Caillaux. His body, horri. bly, mutilated, apparently by train, was found by track walker near the railroad at Rennes.
 Preliminary investigation has failed to reveal conclusive evidence as to whether death was accidental. It is apparently established that Claretie left Paris with but 15 francs in his pocket. His coat, buttoned, was discovered a mile away from where the body lay. Friends recall frequent disputes be- tween the journalist and the second Madame Claretie, whom he married after the present Madame Caillaux be- came the wife of the ex-premier. It was irl 1914 Figaro started publishing love letters which had passed between the first Mime. Claretie and Caillaux. The premier's wife went to the office Of the editor, Gaston Calmette, and shot him to death. She was later ac- quilted after sensational trial.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
BUTLER PLANS TO WAGE FIGHT ]
 NEVERY STATE
c. O. P. Chairman Out lines General And In-
 tensive Campaign
By LYLE c. WILSON Qv Taaead VU;ra kn Awn-Ha,aldA

NEW YORK, July 17.-Under the plans of William M. Butler, chairman of the republican national committee, the fight to elect President Coolidge to another term in the White House will be carried into almost every state in the union. The director of the Cool idge- Dawes campaign will lead what he describes as a general and intensive campaign"
 Butler made this plain in talk with neSvspapermen Thursday.
 Republican efforts certainly will not be concentrated in the agrarian states in deference to the unhappiness of the farmers in those communities. Such states will get their fair share of at tention and perhaps more, but the re- publican organization is to be of suf- ficient breadth and stature to permit concentration where it is needed with out withdrawing attention from less vital fronts.
 Wednesday or. Thursday of next week should find the eastern republican head quarters functioning under the direction of an eastern campaign manager who is yet to be named. By that time Butler expects to be behind his desk in Chi cago where the direction of the entire campaign will center.
 From these. two vantage points But Ter intends to extend the republican front in all directions. The organiza- tion of the Chicago -and New York headquarters will be substantially the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
GRAIN RATE CUT DEEMED UNWISE
 BY COMMISSION
Benefits Regarded Slight
 Compared With Road Loss

WASHINGTON, July 1.-The ben eft which would accrue to the average farmer in case of q reduction in freight rates on grain and grain products gen orally, is small compared with the dis astrous effect on certain railroads revenue and on their credit, the Inter state Commerce Commission declared today in an opinion In the general grain rate case.
 The commission held also that the general basis of rates for the transpor- tation of grain, grain products and hay are not unreasonable or otherwise in violation of the interstate commerce act and the complaint was dismissed.
 Investigation Discontinued
 At the same time an investigation previously ordered by the commission was discontinued.
 The case was originally brought on complaint of the Kansas Public. Utili- ties Commission and later on the com missioners own motion was made gen. eral, affecting all railroads and all grain rates in the country.
 Summarizing it's conclusions the com mission said rates on grain, grain prod ucts and hay, generally speaking, are now on lower basis compared with pre-war freight rates than are the car load rates on other traffic. It held that there has been slow but progressive improvement in the economic condition of agriculture in the western group since 1921, although the improvement in grain raising areas has been less than with respect to other classes of agri- culture.
 No More Than Share
 The opinion said per car, per car mile, and per ton mile earnings on grain compared with other classes of traffic and with all carload traffic did not show that grain and it's products were contributing more than their fair share to the revenues of the carriers in this group.
 ''There is serious doubt" the opinion continued, whether farmers would not in many instances lose from impaired railroad service, more than they could possibly gain from a reduction in rates, even if the farmers would get the en- tire benefit of any reduction made."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
RUM ROW DOCTOR ON MERCY BENT
 TRIPS ON THE LAW
Customs Officials, How ever, Grant Freedom
 And Safe Escort

NEW YORK, July 17.-Official courtesies of the United States govern ment were extended today to Dr. Roy stan, Rum Row Doc Foulkes of Australia, England and Emile limit.
 The doctor, whose practice is com fined to the offshore whisky armada, was arrested by immigration authOri- ties for having landed on American soil without a passport.
 Brand Of Mercy
 When it was learned his mission was one of mercy, undertaken in behalf of a sailor near death, he was sent back to other rum fleet in coast guard cut ter, with a special escort and under q white flag of truce. =.
 F0ulkes said he was a native of Sydney, Australia, and graduate of medicine from Universities at Glas- gow and London. When he left school last fall, he signed on the fourmaster Rask for a three months voyage to Bermuda. He sought experience among men, he said, adventure and material for writing fiction.
 Storms crowded the Rask into a har- bor at Bermuda. Soon thereafter she headed for Rum Row with 10000 cases of whisky. She had become a rum ship and her crew rum-runners.
 Since he was the only medical doc tor in the fleet, Foulkes accumula ted quite a practice. All the boys know that Rum Row Doc" was on the Rask, subject to call 24 hours of 'the day.
 Taken In Custody
 An. S. o. S. call from the Elsie B, took Foulkes aboard her yesterday, to minister to Sailor Ralph Conrad of Loungeburg, Nova Sec. ., who had been burned Foulkes hailed the pass ing -motorship Bessie and ordered Con rad and himself speeded to Rockaway Point. There he explained the situa- tion to Coast Guard Captain Moran, who sent Conrad to hospital and took Foulkes into custody.
 When the story was related upon the doctors arraignment today before Assistant Customs Solicitor Barnes, that official took instant actiot. He shook the prisoners hand, commended his act of mercy and assured him safe custody back to his office" on the Rask.
 Conrad, it was reported, had mean time contracted pneumonia and probably would die.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
GERMANY REVIEWS
 PLEA FOR UNITY
[Continued From Pare .One.

(COntinued From Page One.
 Germany wilfully defaults under the Dawes schedules.
 Committee 2, which is attempting to devise means to restore the fiscal and economic unity of Germany has en- eOuntered~ difficulties. owing to the French requests for assurances that an international loan upon which the whole working of the Dawes plan depends, shall be underwritten before the aues- ton of German unity is brought up.
 It is understood that even the British treasury experts are not altogether sure about the Notation of big loan, but foreign office officials maintain that this point is one for the bankers and separations commission and need have no disastrous effect upon the board lines which the present conference seeks to maintain.
 On the question of sanctions in case of German default, the delegation would not discuss the proposals they are understood to have put forward at the committee meetings today. It IS understood that France favors put ting the sanctions into indefinite shape so that the complete compromise will be ready for application at any time that German is adjudged delinquent.
 Logan Sits In
 Ambassador Kellogg did not partici- pate in the conference work today but Colonel Logan, who attended the ses- sion of committee number one, main tains that the tone of the deliberations was satisfactory and that as much progress had been made as possible in the issues involved.
 Although the exact nature of Ameri- can participation in the conference has been explained repeatedly, there con tinues to be a widespread misunder- standing of the exact significance of the presence of the American ambassa. .. dor and Colonel Logan. When Colonel Logan announced in the committee
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
SHIPPING BOARD REJECTS REQUEST FOR MODIFICATION
Operators Given Ten Days In Which To Sign
 Agreement

WASHINGTON, July 1.-The ship ping board rejected plea by the United States Ship Operators asso- citation for modification of the new operating agreement to be placed in effect on the consolidated government trade routes.
 Ten Days Allowed
 After hearing committee of the association, made up of operators of government tonnage, the board adopted resolution giving those operators chosen for the merged services ten days within which two sign the agreement. Failure to sign within that period will result in the selection of another man. aging agent.
 The resolution also provides that aft CT the contract has been in effect for a reasonable time, any operator who feels that sufficient reasons existed for a readjustment may submit requests for changes for the consideration of the fleet corporation.
 Subsidiaries Barred
 A provision which caused the great est dissatisfaction with the new operat- ing contract, which guarantees z, per cent and 312 per cent commissions, re- sl actively, on gross outbound and in- bound business, in place of per cent and 21a per cent in the old NJ. o. agreement, is Paragraph IS, prohibit inG operation by the managing agents of subsidiary companies for furnishing supplies and stevedoring for board yes sells. On this point, the board ruled the the president of the fleet corpora tion may at his discretion, delay action for 30 days against any operator vio- lating the section.
 The new agreement is now in effect only in the North Atlantic United Kingdom consolidated service.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
Outcast's Christian Burial
 Arouses Ghetto Throngs

their friends "We have no son Dom- mick" Last June when she learned death awaited her Jennie joined the church of her husband.
 She died Tuesday night. The ever alert eyes of the Ghetto saw a priest enter the Scola home and the news spread like -a:rie fire. Soon the ad- jacent streets were -;lled with jost- ling, frenzied thou. ands.
 All yesterday and last night they swarmed the streets of the Ghetto. Police reserves were called and vio- lence was averted.
 Throngs lined the .treets today They gestured anL muttere'' but there was no v-lence. The little cor tage was heavily guarded, police were taking no cnances. Instead of taking the body from the brides home to the church next dooT. Out L2Jy of Sorrow, the funeral directors were ordered at the last moment to pro- ceed to the Church of the Most Preci- ous Blood.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18

NEW YORK, July 17.-Demon- strations of racial and Lgious an- tagonism which fer two days has sundered the Jewish and Italian sec tions of the Ghetto, were subdued to- day, as police escorted the body of Jennie Lefkow;tz, wife of Dominick Scola to the Church of the Most Precious Blood and thence to Cal vary Cemetery.
 Authority was compelling the peaceful fulfillment of Jennie's dy- ing wish. She who had forsaken the Jewish religion for love, who had embraced the faith of her Italian husband, and who durine the months of her dying had btcn an outcast, already dead" to her parents and her sect, was receiving a Christian burial.
 Born and reared in the Ghetto, Jennie and Dominick had been b.ay- mates since he was Il and she 10. Two years ago the. married. Jen- nie's parents told heir ric ds "she's dead" and Dominick's parents told
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
LIQUOR EXPLODES;
 SODA FOUNT BURNS
Memphis Man Dies From Inju-
 ries In Blast

MEMPHIS, Tenn, July 17.-Felix Bonicelli, 36, died in hospital here to- day as result of burns, received, po- lice say, when flaming whisky exploded at soft drink stand. An ensuing blaze caused damage of about $500 to the building. Police reported finding a quantity of liquor at the establishment. They said the explosion was caused by dropping a match or cigarette in the hquor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
GRAIN PRICE JUMPS,
 KING BREAKS TOE

CHICAGO, July 1.-The vagaries of the grain market have caused James A. Patten, the multimillionaire wheat king, to re-discover his big toe, much to his annoyance and discomfort. Pat ten had been reading market reports showing jumps in wheat prices and, following this, he indulged in his daily calisthenics, but he kept his mind on the grain fluctuations
 The result was that he stubbed his toe and fractured bone. He was talk en to a hospital.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
SASKATCHEWAN
 OPPOSES DRY ACT
Plebiscite Develops Into Land.
 slide

REGINA. Saskatchewan. July IT, Voters of Saskatchewan repudiated a temperance act of four years standing in rleDiscite yesterday by a majority that approached q landslide, it was in- dicated today ,es further compilation of the vote was made.
 The act was condemned both by city aud country, wit. {, Jr of the leading cities rejecting the act by almost 10000 majority.
 Asking for decisive expression of opinion through the plebiscite, the gov. ernment intimated no change in the present temperance act would be given until such a decision was made. The present vote leaves no doubt that the changes are greatly desired.
 A vote in favor of prohibition of 36,5S5 and of 53,657 against was re. ported from S30 polls out of 2,5S1, with indications of an increase against the dry act as votes continued to dribble in
 TORONTO, July 1T.-Ontario citi. zens will pass upon the liquor issue on October 3. Decision to hold a ple. biscite upon that date has been reached by the government and represents the fulfillment of Premier Ferguson's cleo. tiOn time pledge of q referendum If and when public opinion demands it."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
IN THE AIR TODAY

wv EAF, 492 meters, 2 p. m. w E. s. T.-Billy Jones and
 Ernest Hare, entertainers.
 WIZ, New York, 455 meterss z :15 p. m., k. s. T.-Wagner Tsch- aikowsky program by Goldman Symphony band.
 KDKA, Pittsburg, 326 meters, s p. m., B. s. T.-Pennsylvania rail road night.
 KEI, Los Angeles, 469 meters, 8 to Il p. m., P. 0. s. T-The Ma rion Warde Players, Frederick North company, etc.
 VOC, Davenport, ASA meters, 8 p. m., c. s. Clinton, Iowa, Har- mony Serenaders.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
AGED PASTOR DIES

NASiN D BLtE, Ien1:; eS July lI,-dae many years president of the Memphis Conference institute at Jackson. died at Jackson this morning according to news received here today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
CRASH SINKS FREIGHTER

TOKYO, July 17.-(By Associated Press. )-The Norwegian freighter Hall- grib, 6,630 tons, was sunk at the entrance to Kobe harbor after colliding with he O. K. Havre, 5,S21 tons. The latter was seriously damaged. There were no casualties.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
You Know A Tonic Is Good

when it makes you eat like hungry boy and brings back the color to your cheeks. You can soon feel the Strength. ening, Invigorating Effect of GROVES TASTELESS CHILL TONIC. 69c.- Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18

same. Among the few differences will be the establishment of an agricultural bureau in the main office in Chicago. New York headquarters will not boast such an ,adjnnct.
 The extent to which the active na- tional campaign will be promoted among southern states has not been determined. In such states as Tennessee and Ken lucky, Butler says he expects intensive campaign methods to prevail. Aside from the bare decision not to slight any section in favor of another the campaign outline is not formulated, according to Butler.
 The varying tactics to be employed in different states, and other such mat ters, still remain to be considered. Two groups of prominent speakers will carry the republican story to any voters who are without radio sets.
 One squad of speakers will be based in New York, the other in Chicago. There will not be third headquarters west of Chicago so the middle western offices will be responsible for providing stump orators for the far west as well as the Mississippi valley.
 Referring to his letter to Senator William E. B6rah, chairman of the Sem ate committee to investigate campaign contributions and expenditures, Butler said that republican cooperation with such an investigation had not been fully worked out but that it would be com. plete. Both the Chicago and New York headquarters of the republican party will cooperate with Borah in his ef- fort to learn who finances presidential campaigns and perhaps why they do it.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18

room last evening that the Washing ton government did not object to an American citizen being elected to act on the reparations commission in order to establish a default on Germany's part, the statement was heralded by usually authoritative newspapers here as one of the most dramatic develop ments in the whole series of postwar conferences.
 This emphasis upon the attitude of the Washington government towards Americans who may be asked to assist in operating the Dawes scheme has al- ready been explained by American of ficials. At the embassy the American spokesman commented on the misunder- standing of the American position but the news still runs through the press as the feature of the conference.
 While the conference is dealing with the reparatiOns problem, Great Britain s little family row about how the do- minions are to be represented continues. Ireland and Canada, it is understood are still dissatisfied with regard to overseas representation in the person of the colonial secretary.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-07-18
SPEER SCORNS BOB;
 WIFE LEAVES HOME
Anna's Hair Cut Fttal To Do.
 mestic Happiness

ANITA, Ia, July 17.-William Speer, 80 years old, bewails the fate that led him to criticize his wife, Anna, 40. for having her hair bobbed.
 Anna said she wanted to look young again, and told her such talk was scandalous," Speer explained.
 Mrs. Speer left home after the dis pute with her 14-year-old son, and she has not returned. 4.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-09-18
seek PARK SITE
| IN VIRGINIA HILLS
Government Officials Go to
View District Proposed
Around Luray Caverns.

q A party Of biologists. park experts
and high Government officials left
. Washington yesterday for Luray, Va,
to survey the country in that section
to determine whether or not 1t is
suitable site for the proposed Appd-
lachian National Park.
The party is headed by Col. Glenn
. Smith of the United States Geological
, Survey and has among it's members
officials from the National Park Serv-
ice. under which department the juris-
oiction of the new national park would
. ~aIl after it had been selected and laid
1T by the survey.
Out of the numerous requests that
have come to the National Park Serv-
ice in the last few years for the Gov
, eminent to take over large tracts OF
: land in scattered sections of the coun-
, try and preserve them in their natural
state forever by converting them into
national parks, only one or two nave
! met with official approval.
! Among them was suggestion that
! the South should have a national
, park wherein might be represented
! and preserved in their natural state
! the fora and fauna that are common
: to that section of the country. Such
! a park would also have to represent
{ to some measure the nature OF the
; country south of the Mason and
a Dixon line.
Many sites have been proposed.
some of which have already been dis
ycarded and some that are under seri-
!. Gus consideration. Those in charge
of selecting a proposed site for the
park are unanimous that such park
. should he situated in the Appalachian
Mountains. and the State of Virginia
offers many advantageous sites in its
wide ranges.
Because of the natural beauties and
wonders that exist in the vicinity OF
the Luray Caverns, that section has
been nominated for the site, and the
, Government experts have left to
tspend several days there to study the
topography of the country and the
animal and plant life that exists In 1T
Today the party is at Skyland. SIX
miles from Luray, and in the next
day or so will cover most of the pro-
posed park area