Evening star., 1924-02-27
In TODAY'S SPOTLIGHT
By PAUL J.. COLLINS

pamphlet exposing Turkish atroc-
tiles he prevented England from as
SiSting Turkey against Russia III thes
Crimcan war. This war. fought OF.
Russian victory, though with fearful
sacrifice of men-50,000 lost in th'.
Plevna battle alone. Bulgaria was
too feeble to give much assistance.
though i'll one battle ur-htthS Q.
the Bulgarian forces were killed
:: X i =
The treaty of ST Stefano gave ="
much AIDED territory to Bulgaria that
England INTERVIEWED. lest Sreai
Bulgaria be built up eventually to
become an ally of Russia, her liber-
ator. The outcome OF that protest
was the treaty of Berlin, in sub
stitution of the treaty of St. Stefano.
In this treaty OF Berlin, a kingdom
of Bulgaria was set UP, subject {"
the overlordShip of the Sultan OF
! Turkey BY unanimous election"
by the Bulgarians. Alexander. Prince
| of Battenberg. OF Germany. cousin
as it's first king. The Russians re-
| tained an army of 10000 in Bul-
garia ostensibly to protect agains
| the Turks. but really To make
! ruppet king Of Alexander, Russia
! finally compelling him to abdicdte.
Prince yaldemar to be king. II"
was d brother of the dowager en-
press OF Russia. but as the czar did
not support him. he declined tht'
Ferdinand of Sake -Coburg-G Gotha.
who reigned until driven off TIL,
| throne in 1918 by the victorious
allies of the world war, when he wa
succeeded by his son, King Boris,
now reigning.
In 1912, Bulgaria. Greece and Ser
| bIa combined in the first Balkan
| war for independence from Turkey.
, and they We're successful In driving
| out the Turk. Then the allies
. conquered Turk territory in the
| Balkans, and agreed to refer the
dispute to the Russiap czar for
settlement. While these negotia-
King Ferdinand treacherously. and
without the knowledge OF the Bull
garian cabinet, ordered attack
, upon Greek and Serbian troops.
That attack brought on the second
, Balkan war. in which Bulgaria was
defeated by the Greeks and Serbs
1t is denied that Turkey became al:
; ally of the Bulgarians, and asserted
| that Turkey simply took advantage
Of her opportunity to re.entcr Il"
fighting Bulgaria as we'll as tn.
! Greeks and Serbs.
| = :: :: =
According to statistics furnished
by Minister Panaretof, Bulgaria haS
made great progress in education
since the Balkan war gave her indie
rendence from her old masters, th"i
Mohamm edan Turks.
Eighty-flvc per cent of her 5000
! 600 population are farmers. There
are no important Industries except
agriculture. When she became quasi
! the urban peoples only per cent of
who could read and write. OF the
i. rural population only > per cent of
| the men and ] per cent of women
were literate. Thirty years later
! G910) 73 per cent of the urban men
were literate and - per cent of
| women. In the present class SO per
| cen Of men and Is per cent Of
women are literate. In 1914 the il
literacy among the non Moslemy
! was only 35 per cent. while in Ru-
mania it was 60 per cent. in Serbia
! 63 per cent and Greece 81 per cent.
| The number of pupils In public
/ schools out of each 1000 population
] was for Bulgaria t21, Greece. IlT
| by literacy of army recruits I'm 1910.
Bulgaria stood first in tho Balkans
] and tenth in Europe-ahead of Hun
gary. Italy and Russia.
Copyright. 1924, by Paul v Colllns.!