davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17
ELEMENTARY MARKHAM ECONOMICS

GLASS in Elementary MARKHAM
~ Economics, questions for We'd
nesday, Nov. 10. Meets at 2613 Hirsch
Blvd, at p. m. Earl R. Browder,
instructor. Read this week, Value,
Price and Profit, Marx. chaps. IL and
IL, and Wage Labor and Capital, :"
Marx.
1. What are the different parts in
to which surplus value is divided?
2. Is there any such thing as
value of land" in the MARKHAM sense
of the term value?
3. What is the source of rent? Of
interest? OF industrial or commercial
profit?
4. Which is the most important re-
lationship of the worker-the rela-
tionship to the landlord, to the finan-
cial capitalist, or to the employing
capitalist? Why?
5. What is the difference between
rate of profit based on capital adj
vanced in wages and a rate of profit
based upon total capital employed?
Give an example.
6. How does rate of profit"
based upon the total capital invested,
conceal the degree of exploitation of
labor (rate of surplus value)?
Z. Deducting from the value of a
commodity the value of the raw ma
terial (past labor used in its produc-
ton, what remains? What becomes
Of this remaining value?
8. Can the value crystallized in a
commodity be altered by any change
in the rate of division between profit
and wage?
3. When wages are changed, does
than change value of the commodity?
Does it change profit? Does change
of profit change value of commodity?
Does it change the wage?
10. Does an increased profit create
4 higher price for commodities? Does
an increased wage bring a higher
price for commodities? If increased
profits or wages do not increase
prices, what does? What lowers
prices?
Answers TO Last Weeks Questions.
Collateral reading value, Price and
Profit" Marx, chaps. 8, 9 and 10.
Wage Labor and Capital" Marx.
]. AS labor, measured by units Of
time, is itself the fundamental meas
urement Of value. the value of 10
hours labor cannot be determined by
anything but the 10 hours labor itself.
The value Of labor power takes the
semblance Of the value of labor, altho.
strictly speaking, value of labor" is
senseless term. Marx says: I'm
using the term value Of labor / shall
only use It as popular slang term
for value Of labor power"
2. II is determined by the quantity
Of labor socially necessary to repro
duce 1t. The value of labor power will
always, under normal capitalist pro-
duction, be less than the values pro-
duced by the application of labor
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17
The Decline Of CAPITALISM and the Rise Of SOYeHSm

U. S. A., and his boss, ]. p Morgan,
have told us so, so facts should sub
stantiate their reasoning. But the
facts do not. In September imports
exceeded exports by 59,40O,0OO marks
(about $14,OO0,OOO). Exports increased
from 564,05O,000 marks in August to
5S9,SOO,OOO marks in September; but
imports rose from 44S,2000O0 marks
in August to 623 100000 in Septem-
Der. The value of exported manufac-
tured wares decreased from ASA, 100000
marks to 100000 marks, while
that of half-hnished products in
creased from 37,O5O,OOO marks. to A.
100000 marks-the sole increase.
Wages, as consequence, are stead
lily decreasing in Germany factories
and mines are shutting down, hours
are being heightened. Wages are as
low as Is marks (about $500 a week,
from which must be deducted 10 per
cent for taxes, insurance, etc. Ap-
prentices get as low as z marks
(about $1.6O) week, with the usual
deductions.
This is capitalist Germany, where
two-thirds Of the direct and indirect
taxes are shouIdered by the working
class, while the big capitalists report
an improvement in conditions"
These are two typical examples of
capitalist countries, which give the
workers Happiness, prosperity and
well-being." These are a few of the
immediate wholesome" results of the
Dawes plan, which was hailed by the
capitalists and capitalist governments
the world over as the means of saving
humanity.
Soviet Russia, on the other hand. to
which Morgan, in his beneficence. has
suggested the application of Dawes
plan, is ever steadily on the upgrade.
Despite the years of revolution, block
ade and famine-and despite the poor
crops of this year-conditions in
Soviet Russia are uninterruptedly i'm
proving. In the month of September.
production Of coal increased II per
cent, Of yarn Sc per cent, Of textile
goods 81 per cent. The metal, tex
tile and leather industries cannot sup
ply the demand for goods. Despite the
demand which, in capitalist countries
leads to rises in prices, prices in
Soviet Russia have been lowered. The
NEP people have tried to take advan-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

division between paid and unpaid
labor; while wage labor is covered
by the fiction of being all paid labor In
each case labor produces values which
are appropriated by the ruling class.
6. Profits are regularly realized I'M
der capitalism by selling commodities
at their actual value. The transforms
ton of commodity into money is the
realization Of the unpaid labor, the
surplus value. crystallized in the com
modify, which is the source of all
profit.
z. Capitalists desire longer hours
because within each hour is contained
portion of unpaid labor which in
creases profits. Longer hours also
lowers the demand for labor power
and thus reduces it's price. The work
ers want shorter hours Of labor be-
cause it decreases the rate of ex-
ploitation and increases their relative
economic power in the market
8. Whenever the rate of exploita-
ton is higher than SO per cent, and
the increased rates for overtime are
compensated for by savings in reduc-
ton of overhead costs and more in
tensive use of means of production,
then capitalists make higher profits
by long hours at higher rates of pro-
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

tage of the situation, but the competi-
ton Of the state-controlled and c(&
operative organizations has bcatea
them. There is a discrepancy in the
wholesale and retail price index, in
favor of the latter, but that is to be
regulated by the government.
In September, the value of the total
production increased 15OOOO,00O rub
les ($75, 100000. Soviet Russia in
tends to buy $2OOOOO,OOO worth of
goods in the United States. This will
include about 425,OOO bales of cotton,
worth 100,0O0,OOO rubles. The budget
for 1924-5 provides for exports of
1926, 0OO, 900, an increase of $40, 0O0, 900
over last year. This will mean an ex.
port balance of $3S,OOOOOO. Included
in the exports will be 1,35O,OOO tons Of
grain.
This steady qualification of Soviet
economy in the face of collapse of
world capitalism is one Of the phen-
omena of the day. Even if there is
temporary period of stability in the
United States, as long as Europe can
not buy from the United States, Amer.
lean industry will be threatened. The
failure of crops in Argentine, Aus
tralia, Canada, Germany, Rumania and
Soviet Russia have aided the Ameri-
can farmer during the past few months
The manipulations of the capitalists
during the election campaign. and the
fact that stocks were being used up.
have temporarily kept the unemploy-
ment figures in the United States
from mounting The Dawes report
states that the condition in Germany
as it was before would have led to
"insurrection or revolution" The sit.
uation of the German worker is NOT
improving: it is getting worse. The
British worker is getting into the
same position. These are symptoms
Of the fact that the Dawes plan, the
last attempt of the capitalists to re-
store Europe, cannot rehabilitate her.
Need it be argued that Sovietism
is the only safeguard for the workers
against further exploitation and de-
graduation? Need it be argued that
capitalism is leading world economy
to hell and that, despite all attacks.
military invasions and blockades.
Soviet Russia is rising to new
heights? Facts speak. Let the above
facts speak for themselves.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

Committees were picked to distrib
ute posters advertising the Youni
Workers League concert and ball of
next Saturday, Nov. %, at the Work
ers' Lyceum, as we'll as to put up
posters for the Labor Defense bazaar
And volunteers were called for next
weeks campaign. Well over fifty com
rades responded to tibet appeal to be
at the gates of Montgomery, Ward
and Chicago Mail Order houses every
afternoon and evening in the week.
A young comrade from Sears-Roe-
buck, reported very briefly on the eff
feet the Young Worker had in Sears
and said that the young workers there
liked the paper, liked as the termed it,
its audacity in razzing the bosses, and
telling the truth about the conditions.
He said the bosses were trying to in.
timidate the workers there from buy
ing or reading the paper on the premi-
SEES, but workers were all buying it
and sticking 1t in their pockets when
the bosses are around.
Must Organize League Units.
Comrade Carlson reported ON our
aims in these mail order house cam
paigns, pointing out that unit of the
Young Workers League must be es.
tablished in every single house where
we are Carrying on a campaign He
told how our members inside the
plant and those working outside
should talk to the young workers
there, and taking up any petty griev.
ance which they may have land there
is plenty lead up to their bigger pol
itical problems, show to them our
youth demands and enroll them into
our ranks.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17
EXPOSE BIG MAIL ORDER HOUSES

Continued from Page H.
Carlson reported on the factory cam
paigns.
Comrade Carver in charge of the
campaign at Sears-Roebuck and com
pany reported briefly on the results
Of last weeks campaign, as published
in the DAILY WORKER of last week
and remarked that the response Of the
comrades to work at the gates of
Sears-Roebuck and Philipsborn was
very encouraging and inspiring. Many
and many comrades laid off work to
attend to this work and many COM
rades were on the job every day,
morning and evening, rain or shine.
However there were only a few, who
tho volunteering, did not appear on
the firing line and the cases of those
will be looked after by the city organ
ization.
Announcements were then made Of
the industrial class which holds its
last lecture tonight on the External
Work of the Nuclei, and Comrade
Williamson will then summarize his
whole course of lectures. Comrades
who failed to attend this class should
at least attend the last lecture and
get an outline of the work accom-
plished.
Hold League Workers Meeting.
II was also announced that Tues
day, Nov. IS, at .2613 Hirsch Blvd, a
functionaries meeting will be held. All
organizers, secretaries. educational
directors and literature agents should
attend this meeting, so that the work
Of the new branches can be carried on
more swiftly and efficiently and there
fore with greater results.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17
San Francisco on the lob.

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, Nov. H.
Workers Party members OF San Fran.
cisco will please keep the following
dates open:
On Saturday and Sunday nights,
Nov. 20 and 23, there will be bazaaa,
for the benefit of Labor Unity; on
Saturday night, Nov. 20, dance giveka
by the International Chorus and in
Sunday night, Nov. 30, a mass msket.
ing for the benefit OF German raiief
All Of these affairs will be held on 225
Valencia street. Notify your friends
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

duction, then capitalists make higher
profits by long hours at higher rates
than by short hours at lower rates of
wages.
8. The value of new commodity
produced by the application of labor
power to raw material is determined
by the socially necessary labor ex
pended in its immediate production
plus the past labor crystallized in the
raw material.
10. Surplus value is realized by the
capitalist in the form of profit thru
the sale Of the commodity-thru its
transformation into money.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

The workers who took Coolidge's prosperity dope
seriously will have plenty of time to wake up from
their debauch. The textile workers Of New Eng.
land found wage cut greeting them few days
after Coolidge was elected.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

William Butler, Calvin Coolidge's strongest
financial hacker for the presidency, is expected to
be placed on the foreign relations committee, one
of the most important committees in congress.
Butler is a millionaire manufacturer. He intends
to be the Mark Hanna of the Coolidge administra-
ton
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

II. L. Mencken, is now scribbling for the Chicago
Tribune Mencken is supposed to be a radical but
the type that the capitalists like. No fear that
Mencken will help to topple the capitalist system
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

Considering the political infancy of the Texas
voters it's quite natural they elected a governess
They could have done worse however. They might
have elected the Moron who ran on the Ku Klux
Khan ticket
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17
AS WE SEE 1T
BY T. J. o'FLAHERTX.

Continued from Page -
their parasites spend the rest of
their days or whether they sleep in
their Jackets or not. That is some
thing that the workers of other coun.
tries must worry over.
The BECKWITH PRESS, which
1 publishes the literary garbage
put out by Americas foremost stool.
pigeons does not seem to prosper very
well. A correspondent sent us let
ter from this publishing firm to
company for which he works, asking
for help in getting their anti-radical
literature into the public libaries. The
letter in which the request is made is
replete with grammatical errors and
bad spelling. They complain that
they cannot find any retail stores to
handle such books as 1.-THE Reds in
America" and other productions OK.
posing the Communist menace"
THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE is getting
excited over the opening OF Sena-
tor Borah's latest campaign for the
recognition of Soviet Russia. Even
Washington richards admit that the
exposure Of the "Zinoviev letter" as
a forgery takes away another argu.
ment that Hughes friends were about
to use extensively to combat recogni.
ton. The Tribune states frankly
that the United States cannot recog.
nize Russia as long as it is a work.
ers' government But the former
premier of France kept on saying that
until the French sent him into the. pol.
itical wilderness.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-11-17

The Spanish dictatorship succeeded on floating
an internal loan of 12OO,O0OOOO pesetas The press
dispatch does not say how many barrels Of castor
oil were used in putting it over.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
HUNT FOR GOVERNOR CLUB.

To the Democrats of Santa Cruz
County:
We, the undersigned, believe
that the best interests of Arizona
demand the re election of George
w. p. Hunt as Governor. To
further this end it is necessary,
to organize a Hunt for Cover
nor Club" Therefore, all Santa
Cruz county Democrats are here
by invited to attend a meeting to
effect such an organization at
the Court House at Nogales,
Arizona, Wednesday, August q,
1924, at 8 p. N.
Duane BIRD
WRIT G.. BOWMAN
w. A. O'CONNOR
EMORY D. MILLER.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23

Supervisor Oscar F. Ashburn,
from his splendid big ranch near
Patagonia, was county seat Wis
itor. Monday. AS per usual, he
reported everything fine and
every body we'll and happy at
Monkey Springs ranch, where
the latch string always is on the
outside. Oscar invites his No.
gales friends to go and take D
swim in the Monkey Springs
swimming pool of clear fresh
water. No. one piece bathing
suits are not barred.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
HONEST GEORGE.

An employe who is is disloyal
TO his employer never has much
influence with the enemies of the
employer.
1t frequently happens that
some subordinate is discharged
from some Federal, State or
County office and Immediately
seeks the enemies of former chief
to unload his story about the
crookedness of the department
of which the discharged official
was member.
During the political campaigns
these compliments usually find
willing ears, in fact they have
no trouble in finding those who
are anxiously awaiting an oppor.
tunity to swat the opponent with
newspaper scandal in an en-.
deavor to besmirch character
and integrity. But as no one
admires a disloyal person or
traitor such acts usually react to
the benefit of those whom it was
intended 10 injure.
A parallel or similar case is
now being exploited by the Re.
publican press. regarding Hon.
George w. P. Hunt. It seems
that they have concentrated on
the administration of the Reform
School.
Now, it would be superfuous
to dilate on this matter or even
take notice of it we're it not for
the fact that there are many
newcomers in the State who may
not be familiar with the fact that
there is one man in Arizona who
has been almost continuously in
public office for the past thirty
five years, and upon whom there
has never been cast the least
suspicion of lack of integrity.
His honesty of purpose has never
been questioned, and that man
is our present governor. who has
earned the appellation of Honest
George.
Now, regarding his ability,
the manner in which be has
handled his personal affairs and
slowly accumulated a compel.
ency, is sufficient to require no
argument on the score OF ability :.
He did not suddenly become
wealthy after entering politics.
but his entering the political
arena was prompted largely by
an evident desire to be of service
to his fellowmen.
Note how be announced his
retirement some three years ago,
then by reason of an attack on
one of his pet policies, the pri.
mary law, be was forced against
his inclination to again become
candidate. The present cam,
paign, by reason of the immense
combination formed for the pur,
pose of stealing the water and
power of the Colorado River, to
enrich the few among who are
Americans with large land hold.
ings in Lower California, Mex
ice, caused him to again become
a candidate for the purpose Of
protecting Arizona's inherited
rights in the matter
If you want Integrity, Honesty
of Purpose end Business A bility,
vote for Honest George w. P.
Hunt for Governor.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR SUPERVISOR

Thereby announce my candi
dacy for the Office of Supervisor
of Santa Cruz county. Arizona,
from the Third District, subject
to the Democratic primaries,
September 9, 1924.
JAS. L. FINLEY.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR COUNTY TREASURER.

| hereby announce my candi
dacy for the Office of County
Treasurer of Santa Cruz County,
Arizona, subject to the will OF
the voters at the Democratic
primaries September 9, 1924.
ANNA B. ACKLEY.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR STATE REPRESENTATIVE.

/ hereby announce my candi
dacy for State Representative,
from Santa Cruz county, subject
to the Democratic primaries to
be held Sept. 9, 1924.
JOS. e. WISE.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR SUPERVISOR

| hereby announce my candi
dacy for Supervisor of Santa
Cruz county, Arizona, subject to
the Democratic primaries, Sep
TENDER 9, 1924.
HARRY ]. SAXON.
Nogales, Ariz.. June %, 1924.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR SUPERVISOR

| hereby announce my candl.
dacy for the Office of Supervisor
of Santa Cruz county, Arizona.
from the Second District, subject
to the Democratic primaries,
September 9. 1924.
j. II. GARRETT.
Tubac, Arizona.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR SUPERVISOR

| hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the Office of Supervisor
of Santa Cruz county, Arizona,
from the First District, subject
to the Democratic primaries,
September 9, 1924.
SAM FRIEDMAN.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR COUNTY TREASURER

I hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the Office of Treasurer
of Santa Cruz county, subject to
the Democratic primary election
to be held September 9, 1924.
ARGUS REDDOCH,
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR COUNTYAsSESSOR.

[ hereby announce my candi
dacy for re election to the Office
of County Assessor, subject to
the Democratic primaries to be
held on September 9, 1924.
VICTOR J. WAGER.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
POLITICAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
FOR SUPERVISOR

hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the Office of Supervisor
from the Second District, subject
to the will Of the voters at the
Democratic primaries, Septem
Der 9, 1924.
ROBERT A CAMPBELL,
Patagonia, Arizona.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR COUNTY RECORDER.

J hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the Office of County
Recorder of Santa Cruz county,
Arizona, subject to the Demo
cratic primaries, September 9,
1924.
TRACY BIRD.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR CORPORATION COMMISSION

/ hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the office of Corporation
Commission, subject to the Dem
Dcratic primaries, September 9,
1924.
SCOTT WHITE.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR STATE SENATOR

/ hereby announce my candi
dacy for State Senator from
Santa Cruz county, subject to
the Democratic primaries, Sep.
TENDER 9. 1924.
ANDY BETTWY.
Nogales, Ariz., June q, 1924.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR COUNTY ATTORNEY

/ hereby announce my candi-
dacy for the Office of County At.
torney of Santa Cruz county,
subject to the will of the voters
at the Democratic primaries.
JAMES V. ROBINS.
Nogales, Ariz., June q, 1924.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR STATE REPRESENTATIVE.

| hereby announce my candi,
dacy for State Representative,
from Santa Cruz county, subject
to the action Of the Democratic
primaries to be held Sept. 1924
G.. G. CRENSHAW.
Nogales, Arizona.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23

FOR CORPORATION COMMITS SION
I hereby announce my candi.
dacy for the Office of Corporation
Commission, subject to the Dem.
ocratic primaries, September 9.
1924.
RAYMOND r. EARHART.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
FOR STATE SENATOR

/ hereby announce my candl,
dacy for State Senator from
Santa Cruz county. subject to
the Democratic primaries, Sep
TENDER 9,s1924.
LESLIE @. HARDY.
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23
CITY BUDGET.

Notice given that meeting Of the Alder
Civil
Of O
saids i rs follows:
The border vidette. (Nogales, Ariz.) 1894-1934, 1924-08-23

Clerk of the City OF Nosal2a, A,izona
New Britain herald., 1924-09-02

Miss Miriam Burns of Kansas City deefated Miss tFritzi steifel of Wheeling. W. Va, and 1.
 Miss Msureen orcutt. of Engle- wood. N. J.. defeated Miss Frances R. stebbins Of Newton, Mass, two up.
 Mrs. Quentin F. Feitner New York defeated Mrs. Sydney Small of De- troit 3 and 2.
 Miss Louie Fordyce Of Youngs- town. O., defeated Mrs Isobel Harris of Providence { and 2.
 Mrs. Dorothy Campbell Hurd of Philadelphia defeated Miss Marion Hoolins of New York { and 8.
 Miss Mary K. Browne of santa Monica. Cal, defeated Mrs. H. Ar- hold Jackson of Greenwich, Conn.,, 6 and {.
 Miss Bernice Wall of Oshkosh, Wis, defeated Mrs. Ronald H. Bar