Evening star., 1924-03-23
ROBERT r. SMALL.

The ,l,yation of Archbishops Munde-
1ein of Chicago and Hayes of New York
to the cardinalate, with ceremonies run
ming from Monday to Thursday of next
week in Rome, marks the first time in
history that the American episcopate Of
the Roman Church has been honored
with a dual bestowaI of the red hat.
The ceremonials of inveStiture there
fore take on n new significance. Little
or nothing is known in this country Of
the ceremony itself for comparatively
few American Catholics have ever wit
messed an elevation. and there is little
hteratur, on the subject outside of the
church works written in Latin.
Father Bernardini of the Catholic Uni
versity here, a nephew of Cardinal Gas
parri. pontifical secretary of state, is an
exception TO the rule. Father Bernardini
has been present at the Vatican on nu
InerOuS occasions when cardinals have
been created, and has attended "A num-
ber OF the public conSiStorieS where the
nnal ceremonies are held He describes
The public ceremonies themselves as eN-
tremelJ simple i'll the acts performed.
but marvelously impressive in the
medieval pomp and costuming which
surround them. The public elevation Of
ArchbishOps Mundelein and Hayes is TO
be unusually impressive from the fact
that it takes place in the great hall of
Ste Peters. where a special throne al
ready has been erected for the Pope.
The ceremonies in Rome may be
divided into four parts.
The first is the creation of the new
Cardinals. This takes place Monday
morning. As Yet the two archbishops,
waiting in Rome. have no official notiti
cation of their selection
Semi-Pri,ate Audience.
The second ceremonial is the recev-
ing of the two newly created cardinals
In semi-private audience and the be-
stowal upon them of the red biretta, or
small ecclesiastical cap.
The third ceremonial is the public
elevation and the beStowal of the
so-called red hat" which is really
4 symbol of office and is never in
tended to be worn. In fact it would
be virtually impossible for 4 cardinal
to wear the hat
The fourth ceremonial is once more
in secret consistory At the begin
ming of this conSi tory takes place
the ceremony known as the opening
of the mouth" and at the close Of the
same ConSiStory comes the closing
of the mouth" symbolizing the duties
nf the new cardinals to keep the
wise counsel to the Pope. The ring
also is bestowed upon the new cartli-
mails. This generally is Of small
value, usually set with a sapphire
and bearing on the inside of the
beZel the arms Of the Pope comforting
il. Cardinals are not required habitu-
ally to wear the ring bestowed and
most of them prefer one of their
own.
The schedule OF. events in Rome
is as follows:
Monday. March 24-Secret consis-
tory for the creation of the two new
American cardinals.
Tuesday. March 25-Pope Plus re-
caives the new cardinals and after
they have taken the oath of office
Ibestows upon them the biretta.
Thursday. March 27-Public con-
sistory at St. Peters and imposition
of the red hats.
The date for the fourth ceremony.
the first secret consistory to be at
tended by the new cardinals has
not been announced.
The .Iecret conSistory of Monday
is described as 4 Vestige of ancient
ceremony, which has become at this
time more or less a matter OF form.
AT this ceremony the cardinals-desig &
nate are not present. 1t is a meeting
of the cardinals VINO are pre- ,nt in
Rome. Other cardinals are invited.
but not required to attend. The only
Ceremony at which all the cardinals
are obliged to be present is the one
for the election of new Pope.
AllocItion on Monday.
At Mondays consistory the Pope
will deliver an allocution treating
of the state of the world and in
Guiding the churchs rela tions to dip
lomatic and political affairs. Although
delivered in secret, the allocution
afterwards is published
Following the aliocution comes
the announcement by the Pope that