davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

tion established; industrial chem
istry became a force and a stand
ard of industrial progress. Labor
saving machinery impressed itself
for the first time generally as
universal factor in our industrial
life, and the internal al-combustion
machine, with all it's tremendously
important implications, was de-
veloped and applied.
"The second period, from 1898
to 1911, although being consider
ably shorter, still produced such
far-reaching inventions as the au-
tomobile, the aeroplane and wire
less communication. During this
period the inventions of the first
period were consolidated, refined
and more extensively applied, es-
pecially in quantity production by
labor-saving devices, the use of
electricity for power for machin-
cry and transportation, and the
perfection of the automobile.
"The era covering the last 13
years is notable mostly for gener-
ally intensive pursuit of improve
ments, particularly in the multiply
ing of the effectiveness of the lab
or-saving device, leading to auto
matte machinery, whereby direct
application of manual labor is al
most eliminated and production in
creased to an almost inconceivable
extent"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
WANT JUSTICE
WHY RAIL UNIONS ENTER THE
POLITICAL ARENA
A Movement Freeing the Masses of
the People From Political Servitude
Is Predicted in the Near Future

The railway brotherhoods were
forced to enter the fight for political
power when they found their econom-
ic strength rendered practically pow
erleSs to protect their members be-
cause of the Esch-Cummins law which
made the wages and working condi-
tions of railroad workers dependent
upon a body controlled by the finan-
cial autocrats.
This is the gist Of an address by
President D. B. Robertson of the Lo-
comotive Firemen's brotherhood be-
fore the engineers convention. These
brotherhoods woke up in 1920 he
said, and found themselves with
vast army of economic strength that
they could not use because someone
representing the industrial barons
had foreseen this growing power and
had taken political measures to rem
der it powerless.
+ Thousands of dollars, he asserted,
have been spent by the organization
in legal fees simply because in their
efforts to protect their interests in
dustrially they have overlooked the
Importance of congress. Railway en-
| plOyes now often find themselves as
litigants contending in the courts of
the country for the payment of a
dollars overtime to a fireman or an
engineer.
AS his chief example of the con-
dition under the Esch- -Cummins law
/ he cited the western carriers case.
! Summonses have been served upon
brotherhood representatives. Here
the brotherhoods found the board
conspiring with western manage
ments to assume jurisdiction and pre-
vent settlements on individual roads
Robertson said in part: When we
got into the western situation we
found the railroads there had formed
an alliance among themselves al
though it was quite contrary to their
policy, for when we first undertook
to secure concerted wage movements
the labor organizations to whip the
managers in line to meet us jointly.
We were now confronted with prop
osition which required engineers and
firemen in the western territory. to
sacrifice IL additional rules compared
with the rules which the conductors
and trainmen had already sacrificed.
When we undertook to take advant-
age of our rights under the transpor~
tation act to renew our conferences
on the individual roads we found that
the railway labor board, in conspiracy
in my opinion with the railroads of
the western country attempted to as
sumo jurisdiction and prevent us from
getting local conferences with our To-
cal management and thereby prevent
US from getting a settlement. If we
had not had this labor board, if we
had been able to prevent it, from the
political point of view, we would have
been able to handle the situation in
the west just as in the east.
Describing the labor board to which
under the law decisions on wages and
working conditions are intrusted he
said: Like most all other political
bodies controlled by financial auto
Gratis its appointments are usually
made to protect the interests of the
men who support them and not to
Continued on Page Two)
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
Machinery Displaces Labor
Production Makes Record

Washington = In the last 13
years automatic machinery pro-
duction has increased to "an al
most inconceivable extent" accord
ing to the United States patent
office, in announcing the one and
one-half millionth patent issued
sice the present patent office came
into existence.
The statement is a thumb-nail
sketch of the social and economic
upheavals machinery has wrought
since 1886.
The period from 1886 to 1898,
the statement says, "saw more
changes that profoundly affected
civilization, our mode of living, our
health and progress. than any
1000 years previously. For dur
ing this period the face of the ad-
vanced nations of the earth alter
ed materially, changing primarily
from cultural to industrial coun
tries.
During these 81 years an evo-
luton of profound depth, of far
reaching effect, was produced. The
steam engine was perfected and it's
application to machinery and
transportation made effective and
UNIVERSAL; the whole art Of elec-
trical generation of power, it's
transmission and utilization was
invented and applied; electrical
lightA \, heating and communica-
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
Society Pays Heavy Cost
For Defective Children

New York-"Defective children
are the offspring of overworked
mothers. 1t is one Of the accepted
doctrines of modern science that
women seldom have the strength
to engage in economic life and at
the same time bear children" said
Bird S. Coler, head of the New
York department of public welfare,
in an interview with Edward H.
Smith and published in the New
York World.
"The stress and speed of modern
life is known to cause good deal
of neurasthenia among women"
Mr.. Coler said. "Neurasthenia
means deranged glands, and wom-
en- who suffer from this complaint
are known to bear unsound and Of
ten defective children. Our clinics
show that many detectives are
born among poor mothers and es-
pecially to newly arrived foreign
mothers who are either upset be-
cause of changed environment or
are forced to go out and earn their
livelihood while they are carrying
children.
"a great many criminals of the
defective or mentally deficient
class come into the world in this
way, and we are now forced to be-
lieve that this disturbance in the
mothers is the cause of the large
numbers of criminals among first
generation foreigners.
"The day nursery situation as it
exists in some of the foreign quar-
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

ters gives an index to what is go
ing on. These nurseries, run
either by charitable contributions
or as a matter of private enter
prise, are numerous. Mothers
leave children in their care and go
to work while they are bringing
other children into being, thus sap
ping the energies and giving the
on-coming generation very poor
heritage"
Commissioner Coler said one
need not be an alarmist to realize
the growing seriousness of this
problem. He called attention to
the army intelligence tests applied
during the war, which revealed the
large number of young men with
the mentality of 13-year-old chill
dren.
"While these tests were probably
not too carefully conducted and
are possibly as inaccurate as has
been charged" said the commits
sioner, "the deviation from fact is
surely not great enough to give US
any reinsurance. Even If more
careful tests were to reduce the
percentage of mental deficients to
one-fifth, we would still have one
man in every 10 under the stand
ard of adolescent mental develop
ment. If one child in every 10
showed the more obvious kind of
defects which occur in the bodily
structure, the public would not
long be blind to the gravity of the
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
FREIGHT Rates and Terminal
Charges

Among the causes of high freight
rates so universally complained of are
the formation of construction, and
equipment companies, differed by
the railroad officials, whereby they
employ themselves to construct the
road, at prices to suit themselves, and
then to purchase the equipment from
themselves, at their own price; and
also the fact that interest bearing
obligations of road are never paid;
always refunded, until in some cases
the outstanding obligations are more
than the physical value of the road
But the public must pay rate that
will meet this enormous interest
charge, as well as pay for all the
waste, and inefficiency of the mis-
management of the roads. Then too
there is the burden of the inconsist-
ent Long and Short Haul" as put
into effect by the roads.
Now comes another. neat little fea
ture of railroad financiering; viz,
Terminal Charges" small matter
as applied to one car, or one ship
ment of freight, but in the aggregate,
it amounts to millions and millions of
dollars every year; and every penny
of it is paid jointly by the producer
and the consumer.
When the Interstate Commerce
Commission establishes a rate, we
naturally suppose that that rate COW
ers the cost of shipping from one
point to another; but it covers only
the distance from one terminal to
another. To illustrate: Suppose you
live four hundred miles from Kansas
City, and ship a car of freight to this
point; the l. S. C. C. rate covers the
charges until the shipment is turned
over to the terminal company, and
you are taxed a certain amount to
pay the terminal company for switch
ing the car to the unloading point or
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
Convict Labor Profits

Oklahoma City - The Reliance
manufacturing company, which
uses Oklahoma convicts on it's shirt
contract, makes a profit of $1,000,-
900 a year.
This information is given wide
circulation by citizens in this state
who oppose the leasing of convicts.
The Reliance is an Illinois corpor-
alton. 1t is capitalized at $780,
900, and in marketing $7,000,000
of common stock a syndicate of
bankers said:
"The Reliance manufacturing
company is the largest maker of
working mems shirts in the coun-
try, doing business of between
ten and twelve million dollars a
year.
"It operates II prison factories,
getting buildinp rent free and also
power, heat and light either free
or at nominal rates. 1t gets it's
labor from state prisons and re-
formatories at rates varying from
a fifth to half of the cost in free
plants.
"It started in the shirt business
about 22 years ago with capital
of $4,000. Net profits for, the
first II months Of 1922 were $685.
409.44."
Organized labor and sympathiz-
ers are opposing a contract this
company has secured from the
state board of public affairs. The
state is paid go cents a dozen, or
cents apiece, for making shirts.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
Farm Experiments
On a Large Scale

Russellville, Ark.-Experiments in
the labor problems of large scale cot
ton farming are being made by the
agricultural school at Russellville,
Ark. This school farm is in the heart
of an important cotton growing dis
trict. The labor methods used are ap-
plicable to any cotton farm having
large yields.
There are 800 acres in field crops
SeVenty-five acres are in cotton. The
three hundred acre field is worked by
five men. Additional help was hired
to chop the cotton to stand A very
comfortable house is provided for
each of the five men and family rent
free. The men are paid $45 to $50
per month, depending on their ex-
perience in handling the large farm
implements. Each family is furnish
ed all the land it needs for a garden
and half an acre for potatoes.
In many sections of the cotton belt,
labor conditions are intolerable to
both landlord and tenant.
The tenant will no longer work for
the annual income he has been get
ting on the farm nor will he live in
the uncomfortable houses on the cot
ton farms. He can move to town and
live better and more comfortably,
even if he has work only part of the
time.
1t often happens under the old
methods on the cotton farms, that
tenants run up big store account
and then after the cotton is half
worked out skip out in the night. 1t
is reasonable to suppose that work.
er family living on a large tract in
comfortable house with potato patches
and gardens will not leave in mid-sea-
son. If the modern landlord expects
to keep first class farm labor, he
must work.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

delivering it to another road. In
other words, a road brings the car to
the outskirts of the city, and then
turns it over to themselves, (under
another name) and then sets it out
for unloading and charge for the SER
vice. You see the terminal company
is composed of all, or at least a major
portion of the roads entering a city;
and control the trackage within their
sphere; and while the established
rate is supposed to complete the
shipment, the |. S. C. c.. has oblig-
ingly recognized the right of the rail-
road to hire some other carrier to
complete the service paid for, and
then to make an additional charge.
If all the interest-bearing obliga-
tions Of the railroads, which do not
represent an actual cash investment,
were eliminated, and those represent
ing worn-out equipment had been
paid off, instead of being refunded,
the freight rates would not need to
be more than one-half what they are
today.
When an individual buys machin-
cry or tools, he pays for them at the
llIne OF purchase, II ne mas the
money; and if not, he pays as soon
as he can, in order to stop the in
terest.
But a railroad company issues
bonds to make an extension, or to buy
equipment, and then when they need
more, they issue more bonds.
In case of the individual, he has
to pay his own interest, and is anx-
ious to get it stopped. With the rail-
road they can show that they have
so much interest to meet, and if the
present rates will not create suffic-
lent revenue to meet it, this of itself
is good grounds to ask for higher
rate; then they can issue more bonds,
ask for more rates; and so "ad in
finitum."
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
MageCuts;; Same Prices

Oklahoma City-Coal owners at
Wilburton have broken their con-
tract with the United Mine Work
ers, though the manager acknowl-
edges he does not know whether a
lower wage scale will bring him
more business.
Vice President McElroy of the
state federation of labor shows
that wage cut will not relieve the
depressed condition of the coal
business in Oklahoma. "The high
price of coaf is brought about af-
ter it leaves the mines," said Mr..
McElroy. "The miner who digs
the coal at $1.25 a ton pays coal
owners at Wilburton $3.50 ton
for what he buys, and / am in
formed that the people in the west
ern part of the state pay $14.50
a ton for COAL"
The trade unionist showed that
if the miner dug the coal for moth
ing and put it on the railroad car
without cost to the coal owner this
would afford but scant relief to the
consumer.
"In January Of this year some
of the coal owners were brought
before the corporation commission
to explain why farmers had to pay
S14.5O for coal. The state records
show that in 1923 the cost of put
ting coal on the car averaged $2.75
a ton. Thus if wages were cut,
coal costs would be affected but
little"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
Boys--A Bicycle Free

Some boy will win the brand fully equipped Dayton
Bicycle given away by the Labor Day Committee the boy
securing the each Every boy has
chance to win this contest is just starting The bicycle
display George Streams, 78 West Main
envelopes for be obtained there the office
The Newark Leader Get busy boys and your friends
vote for you This bicycle worth all the time effort
that you possibly give it and any boy will be proud
to $45.00 Dayton.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
LABOR DAY
Get Ready For Big Time on
Monday, Sept. |

This year, combined Newark
Home Coming and Labor Day Cele-
bration has been planned on a very
elaborate scale by the Labor Day
Committee and there will be some
thing doing every minute.
The celebration will open with big
parade in the morning and free band
concerts will be given all day in the
Court House park.
A number of the concessions have
already been taken and the bally-ho
boys will see to it that there is plenty
of excitement on this midway
The committee has been very for
tunate in securing Major George L.
Berry to deliver the Labor Day ad-
dress. Major Berry is International
President of the Printing Pressmen's
Union and one of the founders of The
America Legion. The people of New
ark are indeed lucky in having the
opportunity of hearing Major Berry
who is national figure in American
Legion, political and labor circles.
The committee promises prizes ga
lore for the numerous events in the
hon1o-copoipu oontoCtc and =. y171,1 b.7a
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

Of new stunts with prizes, will also
be staged for the kiddies so that they
may also enjoy the day.
A $1O25.00 Oldsmobile Sport Tour
ing Car will be given away on the
square Labor Day evening and con-
tribution tickets are now being dis
tributed. There are three cash prizes
being offered to the persons distrib-
uting the most tickets, the first is
$500, the second $500 and the
third $1,000.
Of course the boys also wanted
something to do, so a Popular Voting
Contest is being conducted for them
and the boy giving the largest num-
Der of votes will be awarded a brand
new fully equipped Dayton bicycle
that sells for $45.00. This contest
has just started and only a couple of
boys have entered to date but anoth-
er week will find a number of them
hustling.
The committee is meeting regularly
every week and perfecting its plans
SO that this will be one of the great
est celebrations ever held in this COM
munity. The slogan is "Be on the
square in NeWark-Labor Dav.n
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
ARE THEY SHYING OFF?

For some unknown reason there
were many choice parking spaces
around the court house park unoccu-
pied last Saturday, and usually our
country friends are hunting a place
wherein to stow their family car
while the women folks are making
their numerous purchases from the
Newark merchants. But last Satur-
day they were conspicuous by their
absence.
Perhaps some of the new fool park
ing frills and flapdoodles have some
thing to do with it? Shouldn't be
surprised if such was the case. One
instance may illustrate how she's
working. Not long since an Alexan-
dria resident drove into town to do
his trading. He probably got his car
set fraction of degree shy of the
legal angle made and provided-any-
how he got tagged, he also got sore,
and no wonder. Now he's spending
his spare time cussing Newark and
advising his neighbors to follow his
example and in the future do his trad
ing in Columbus, where he saws a fell
low gets treated like white man.
And, there are others in the same
boat!
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

There should be law against a
bandit beating his victim in addition
to robbing him.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
HERE THEY ARE
BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS ARE
DISTRIBUTED
COmmendatiOn and Criticism Handed
Out PromiscuOusly as Deemed
Just by Our Hired Man
VERITABLE MAN TRAPS

1t is probably a good idea to adopt
parking rules, and the marking of
spaces for machines is all right, but
the way things are now balled up is
raising merry hell generally, and no
body knows where he is at or what
may happen next.
It's all right to reserve convenient
and appropriate spaces for the buses,
but those now in existance create
endless confusion and mistakes. First
they were marked and designated as
public parking places for the common
herd, then without erasing the divid-
ing lines the word "Bus" was paint
ed across several spaces. This word
is now almost entirely obliterated by
dirt and grease, but the former auto
stall lines still stand boldly out. 1t
is therefore quite natural for per-
son to drive in without noticing the
illegible Bus notice, and as conse-
quence get tagged. By all means the
misleading lines indicating auto
stalls should be painted out OF
erased in some manner.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
BILLY" MORGAN ON THE JOB

Congressman William M. Morgan,
that staunch union man and member
of the Elks Buckeye Band, was one
among the skillful artists of that old
time organization at the band concert
last week in the court house park.
He's always on the job when in the
city.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
PASSED THE BUCK AS USUAL

PASSED THE BUCK AS USUAL
Hundreds of East Newark irate cit
liens attended the big open air meet
ing at the Conrad school building last
Monday evening to devise some means
of escaping the dust, dirt, noise and
stink eminating from the Pan Handle
dumping ground and engine parking
place at the Gay street crossing.
"Hope deferred maketh the heart
SICK" and the Lord knows the people
living in the vicinity Of the hell's half
acre operated by the railroad are get
Continued on Page Five)
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
MR.. MERCHANT:

Has it ever occurred to you that
The Leader goes into the homes
OF the best paid workmen of New
ark and Licking county? 1t is
carefully read by every adult mem
Der of the household.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25
MIR. WORKINGMAN:

The Leader is your paper. 1t
publishes matter pertaining to your
life and welfare. 1t wants your
support. Your cause would be
weak without a labor paper to
champion it. Support The Leader.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-25

Continued on Page Five)
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1924-01-08
Merchants Will
Entertain Guests
Poultry Show Visitors to
Have Luncheon
Wednesday

Siv hundred farmers. poultry show
visitors and officials. will be guests
OF the Caldwell Retail Merchants as
sociaiion at the second annual lunch
con given for them by this organiza-
ton. The affair will begin promptly
at u o'clock Wednesday noon at the
new l. o. o. f. lodge home
Last year. the merchants luncheon
proved a popular part OF the poultry
weeks program for entertainment Of
Caldwell visitors But both the Meth
odist and Christian churches were
used to accommodate the crowd This
year. the luncheon will be consolidated
at one place. the Odd Fellows hall.
For entertainment during the noon
hour. the high school orchestra has
been ngaged. In addition the ever
popular Guast Brothers will give a
few vocal numbers.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1924-01-08
Kiwanis Club Will
Be Visitors Host
Banquet Thursday Eve
Arranged for Poultry
Show Guests

The Caldwell Kiwanis club will be
host Thursday evening for special
banquet in connection with the an
nual poultry show. Exhibitors and
show officials will be guests OF the
club. Local business men, interested
in the success OF the poultry show
and who are not members OF the XII
wants club. can obtain tickets from
R. 7. Hurtt, poultry association sec
retary. They are invited toassist in
making the affair a success.
Speakers for the program that even
ing include Governor c. c. Moore.
DR.. A. H. Upham. president of the
University of Idaho. and Dean L. ].
Iddings of the university colleg Of
agriculture.
The dinner will be staged at the
Methodist church. Special music will
be feature.