davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-03-30
France Sees an Economic Warrant
On Germany in Dawes Report

OF seeking to demand impossible sums and
then use force to wreck Germany because of
the German failure to do the impossible. If
the Dawes commission says Germany can pay
a certain fraction Of her annual revenues, and
Germany does not pay, then France appears
before the world as the debtor seeking just
debt from a creditor who Is deliberately
evading.
No Solid Basis for Claim.
For the French believe the whole appeal
of the thing Is right here. They have never
before had any solid basis for any claim upon
Germany; l mean any but IL moral basis.
In principle every agreed Ger1nany ought
to pay all she could, and certainly enough to
meet the costs of reconstruction But in
practice all the sums which have been written
into international treaties and utimatums
have been purely fictitious. They have never
been passed upon by a competent conf
dence-inviting body of experts
For five years France has been asserting
Germany could pay huge sums; the British
that Germany could pay what seemed to the
Belgians and the French next to nothing. And
Germany has used allied dssension as the
pretext for escaping all payment The French
do not believe Germany to pay.
They do not believe that the findings of the
Dawes commission will, of themselves, have
much effect upon German mentality. But they
do believe that IL the commission finds as it
will. that Germany can pay very largely and
that these findings are approved by all the
governments represented upon the reparations
commission, then the Germans will be in a
difficult situation-In an almost impossible sit
uation.
This is true, because If the Germans then
resume evasive tactics France act, can
resort to coercion, and there will and can be
appeal from Germany addressed to any
great power which will obtain even a hearing
France then will be acting on behalf OF bill
which has been audited by an international
body to collect from debtor whose capacity
to pay it has been certified by international
experts
When, moreover, it became clear to the
French people that, although the commission
was bound to recommend that the German
state be permitted to resume economic control
of the Ruhr, yet by contrast did not intend to
insist upon the termination of military occu-
patton, the great Transformation in public
opinion was complete For France, even after
having turned over the economic control to
the Germans, would still be in a position to
act on the military side if there was German
evasion The occupation itself would in all
respects resemble the German occupation of
Evening star., 1924-03-30
War Bill of i. S. Takes One Third of Taxes:
America Can Pay Her Share in Is Years

its close have paid OFF $6.s, 900, 600 of
the public debt"
Then you do not believe any fur
ther large economies are possible? 90 1
asked.
II do not see where they could be
made as far as the federal govern
ment is concerned"
Yet Secretary Mellon has stated
that Americans are the heaviest taxed
of all the great nations"
And Secretary Mellon is right" re-
sponded Mr.. Madden quickly. I'VE
are the heaviest taxed people, but it
is not the federal government that is
to blame, but the state and local gov
ernments. While we have steadily re-
duced federal taxation, the states,
counties and cities have more steadily
increased their levies. The American
people are always ready to level their
guns against Washington when they
have a grievance, but they would
find much better targets nearer home.
While we have been introducing the
budget system and bending every
effort to reduce expenses, the state
and city governments have been ap-
parenuy trying to find out how much
money they could spend. Many of
them have doubled and trebled their
expenditures in the last ten years
Take Michigan, for instance, where
the per capita cost of government in
creased from less than IS in 1914 to
more than $24 in 1922. There was al
most similar jump in Wyoming dur
ing the same period, and the record
of a score of other states is almost as
bad
'Tn the case of the cities I could
mention a dozen offhand where ad-
ministration costs have risen from
100 to 800 per cent in a decade. Just
to show that the evil is not confined
to any section, might say that the
list would include Springfield, ILL.,;
Birmingham, Ala; Lansing, Mich; ;
Fall River. Mass; Sacramento, Calf,
and Johnstown, Pa Those are just
samples, and may not even include
the worst offenders.
TT is quite true, as far as my in
formation and observation go. that
we are the heaviest taxpayers, in the
world, but we will never find the
remedy by picking out the one tax
assessing body that is doing its best
to practice economy and trying to pin
all the blame for the situation on it."
Evening star., 1924-03-30

YITH an Investigation Of the
~ aircraft industry and with
" " leaders in Congress warn
ing that commercial aviation
must be given encouragement by the
United States government, 80 that
this nation may be abreast of other
powers as a matter Of self protec-
ton moro especially in times of war
than in times of peace, there is great
interest manifest on Capitol Hill in
the way that the British air service is
being subsidized.
Beginning April 1. 1924, the British
government will subsidize commercial
aviation to the extent of S5,000,000
spread over ten years, with all COM
mercial aviation companies in the
United Kingdom merged into one, the
National Air Transport Company,
says a report to the Department of
Commerce from Assistant Trade Com
missioner William M. Park, London.
The consolidated company, by the
subsidy agreement, is to have a capi-
tai of 100000 The government
exercises no direct control over op-
erztfons, other than by the appoint
ment of two directors, except such as
may be exercised from time to time
over all civil flying. The government
has the right to take over the com
pany's aircraft engines and plant in
the event of war or imminence of
hostilities No restrictions as to
routes number cf flights, type Of ma
chimes etc, are made, as it is assum-
ed that it is in the self-interest of
the directors to operate the company
to the best commercial advantage at
minimum cost British personnel and
material are to be exclusively en-
ployed. Some of the leading business
Evening star., 1924-03-30
How Great Britain Assists
Her Struggling Air Lines

talent of the United Kingdom have
been taken into the management, in
GLIDING Sir Eric Geddes, as director
and chairman, and Sir George Behar-
rel and Lord Invernairn as directors;
the two government directors have
not yet been announced; each of the
four constituent companies will also
elect a director.
Subsidy of air service in England
began in 1921, as a result of the aban-
donment by the regular British com
panies, for financial reasons, of serv-
ice to the continent, leaving the field
wide open to French companies op-
Grating under subsidies. A tempo
rary scheme" of subsidies was intro
duced on March 19, 1921.
On April 1, 1922, permanent
scheme" of subsidies was introduced,
to replace the expired temporary ar
rangement. This provided for Lon
don-Paris service by three companies
and London-B Brussels service. The
government agreed to give for tho
London-Paris service a cash subsidy
of 25 per cent on gross earnings, and,
in addition, a grant of SIS per pas
senger and pence per pound of
goods and mail carried. 1t agreed,
also, to provide not more than SO per
cent of the total fleet operated, on a
hire-purchase system, and to pay so
per cent of the premiums on insur-
ance policies taken out by the com
panies. The London-B Brussels agree
ment was similar to this, except that
maximum liability was limited to
100000 in any one year. The total
maximum liability OF the air ministry
was filed at s1.0oo,o00 year for all
subsidized service
Evening star., 1924-03-30

- we still owe and how long
will we take to pay it?
= No man in the United
/ states is better qualified to answer
that question than Representative
Martin B. Madden of Illinois, chair
! man of the appropriations committee
OF the House of Representatives. Over
Mr. Madden's desk pass the itemized
accounts of every dollar paid, received
or owed by the government of the
United States, that mightiest business
organization in the world, in COM
parison with which even the Standard
Oil Company or the United States
! Steel Corporation seem like country
stores. In casual conversation Mr..
! Madden gives the impression that
| while the nations accounts are in
transit across his desk he performs
the simple feat Of memorizing them
In the course Of an hours interview
he reeled off statistics dealing with
practically every department Of. the
government and without once appeal
ing to any book of reference. To my
initial question he responded promptly
and laconically:
could you reduce that" suggest
ed, "to some form which an ordinary
person might grasp? What does that
astronomical figure mean in actual
dollars and cents to the average
American taxpayer?
TT means that, roughly, one dollar
out of every three he pays in taxes
goes to pay for the war"
That seemed getting down to un-
derstandable figures, so J. asked Mr..
Madden for some details.
Figures Really Simple.
The figures are really very simple"
he said. Our war or bonded debt to-
day is, as have said, $21 900, 00o, 900.
The yearly interest charges on that
are $500. 900, 000 and in addition we
set aside $310,oo0,o00 for a sinking
fund to be applied toward paying or
the principal. That gives you a total
Of one billion two hundred million,
while our total government costs are
three billion four hundred million"
/ struggled with a sum in mental
arithmetic and remarked that three
| times the war charges would be two
hundred millions more than the total
government budget.
quite true" replied Mr.. Madden,
1--WE have an offset in the payments
which England is making on her debt
to us and which amount to about
5000, 200, 600 yearly"
What would the difference be if
our other foreign debtors were to pay
us?' asked
"If they were to pay US on the same
basis as England it would mean
total of about $500 100000 a year."
'Tf things remain as they are, how
long is it going to take us to COM
pletely pay of our war biIl?"
I'VE should be able to take up the
entire debt in about twenty-five years.
OF course, during that period we
would increase our sinking fund and
also reduce our taxes. That calcula-
tion might easily be upset, however,
by increases in expenses which we
do not now foresee. We are almost
certain to have further demands on
the part of the veterans. and II we
have to pay bonus. naturally we
will have a big setback"
Outside of this gradual paying on
of the war debt. what relief can the
American taxpayer look for through
reduced government expenditures?
According to the figures, the govern
Evening star., 1924-03-30

the east Of France after the Franco-Prussfan
war and until the payment of the indemnity.
an occupation which did not in the least inter-
fere with the economic or political Ife OF tne
occupied area
Thus for France and for Poincare moral
victory of very great proportions was dis
closed when the Dawes commission indicated
that 1t would by unanimous report lay upon
Germany great burdens, justifying the French
contention that Germany could pay greatly,
and at the same time would not seek to abol-
ish the Ruhr occupation-that is, the military
occupation-that 1t would not undertake to
touch that question at all, but by clear infer
ence indicated that German economic recovery
could take place despite the occupation.
When the report is made, then France is in
this position: The fundamental principle that
Germany can and must pay to her foreign
debtors sums equal or, more exactly, sums rep
resenting the same proportion to her budget
allied debt charges do to theirs is estab-
ished- International control Of the German
budget puts an end to the German device of
throwing huge sums into the construction OF
railways and rolling stock, for example, to
avoid having any sums available for repara-
tions payments. When you consider that since
the Germany has built more loco
motives than there are locomotives, old and
new, in France the significance of this method
of evasion and its colossal extent are dis
closed.
The work of the Dawes commission thus not
only indicates the German capacity to pay,
but it provides methods which make it i'm
possible for Germany successfully to evade.
To get that liquid capital from the outside
world which Germany needs she must get a
foreign an international loan. To get the in
ternational loan she must satisfy the demands
Of the lenders; she must satisfy them to
the extent of keeping open books. She must
balance her budget, regulate her expenses
and in addition, meet the reparations charges
which are fixed for her.
Germany Must Accept Terms.
To get any international loan Germany will
certainly have to accept the terms of the
Dawes commission report. If this, in turn, is
adopted by the reparations commission. To
regain economic control of the Ruhr she will
similarly, have to submit, for the French have
the Ruhr. Thus the allies possess the money
which Germany must have and the area which
she must control economically. But If she
undertakes evasion after she has gotten the
loans the troops are still there to seize the
Ruhr economically again and restore paral-
ySiS in the German economic situation.
Prv1-:-
Evening star., 1924-03-30
. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS.

n ARTISTIC report of the Dawes commits
- sion soon will be made. shall there
fore undertake here briefly to set
Il down the state of mind in which the
French people are awaiting and will meet this
report, for quite obviously the ultimate sue
cess Of the report a method of meeting the
world situation must depend upon French de-
cision.
At the outset it is essential to report
that the French state of mind is far and away
more favorable than might have been expect
ed in view of the not unreasonable appre-
hension with which France has come to view
all international examinations of German
questions, growing out of the conviction that
whatever the language the fact would mean
a reduction of Frances share.
Beyond all doubt this the state of mind
in which France looked upon the Dawes COM
mission at the outset. But slowly-and too
much praise cannot be given to the commits
sion itself for this-the French began to real
ize that what they had feared might turn out
a real blessing. When once for all 1t was
appreciated in Paris, 1t was very promptly,
that the commission, far from accepting the
German view the Keynes view, held by
many Englishmen and at the bottom of British
policy for a long while, had been impressed
not by Germanys poverty, but by her indus
trial resources that they had speedily per-
ceived that the cause of Germany's difficulties
not French aggression, but German
evasion, then, for the first time, French opin-
In Sight of Payments
Assume that the Dawes commission will
find that Germany can pay very largely; that
she is able to undertake payments which
shall be commensurate with what other allied
countries are now bearing in the form of
taxes. that since by the imitation of the mark
she already has wiped out her domestic debt
and can thus charge her budget with an
amount equal to what other countries carry
in theirs for their domestic debts, this amount
to be allocated to the payment of reparations
and there at once Is a definite stake-at last
France is within sight of substantial paw
ments
But this is detail at the moment What
the French public and the French people per-
ceive is that If international commission
fixes the method of German payment, the pro-
portion of her total revenue that she must set
aside for reparations then France acquires
at last warrant for insisting that Germany
pay; she henceforth escapes from all charge
Evening star., 1924-03-30
Old Engine Is Fastest.

Much progress has been made in
railway transportation in the last
thirty years, and yet a locomotive
that was put into service in 1898
holds the speed record-112A miles
an hour. This engine is No. sss of
the New York Central lines, says
Popular Science Monthly for April.
When 1t was put into service thirty
one years ago it's engineer was A. H.
Smith. Mr.. Smith later became presi-
dent OF the road. No. sss was retired
several years ago. 1t. used to pull
the Empire state express.
Evening star., 1924-03-30
Found Only in Australia.

Tho bower bird is found only in
Australia, says Nature Magazine. His
nearest relative in our country is
the Startling, black bird with a me-
tallic gloss and with spots Of yellow
ish white among his feathers The
starting LIS more friendly than his
Australian cousin. =.
Evening star., 1924-03-30

CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1924-03-30
By EDWARD F. ROBERTS

Y OW much of our war bill do
IL we still owe and how long
will we take to pay it?
Evening star., 1924-03-30

Continued on Third Pase-9
Evening star., 1924-03-30
BY BEN MckELWAY.

7 AIRY SINCLAIR took a gam
- bler's chance when he detied
the Senate oil committee,
Evening star., 1924-03-30

YITH an investigation Of the
M aircraft industry and with
" " leaders in Congress warn
tInf al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
Ram S Head PLAYERS.

The first production of the Rams
Head Players season, THE Eaglet."
"a new American version by Basil
Davenport of Edmond Rostand's ia
nous play. 'L'AiEIon," will open next
Tuesday night, November IS, in the
new home of the players. the Ward
man Park Theat"r. \ very large
cast is required for this production,
and Director Robert Bell has brought
down number of actors from New
York, in addition to professional
players residing in Washington, for
The production.
For the first tine in its history the
title role in The Eaglet" will be
played by man. William Kirkland,
who has been loaned to the Rams
Head for this one play. The support
ing company will include Josephine
Hutchinson, Lcona Roberts, Ann Ives,
Ruth Harrison, Richard ElweIl, Ar
thur Rhodes, Ranald Slavery of the
resident company, and Maurice Jar
Wis, Edward Poyntier. Albert Parr,
Addison Smith, Thomas McGlynn.
Conrad Young, J. Martin Scranage.
Paul Messinik ETlrm ct Le Compel, Roy
Hare. Elizabeth Gardner. Mary Crow
ley, Theodosia Shaler, Elizabeth Quig-
ley and Mrs. Lehman.
The James Reynolds settings and
costumes for its presentation by the
Rams Head Players are said to be
the best of his brilliant career in the
thcater.
Season and single tickets may be
had now at the box office, Wardman
Park Theater, telephone Columbia
1000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
Poll s." That's NV Bow.

Joseph NJ. Gates promises dis
tinSuiShed New York cast in his
spectacular musical comedy drama,
That's My Boy" which comes to
Polls Theater next week. beginning
Sunday.
karll Norman, who. with Edward
l'aulton. wrote the play and is fea-
tured in the leading role, is known
and famed in three continents. Be
sides his approximations he has both
a soprano and baritone in perfectly
modulated tones from lower L to
high a.
He has appeared as almost every
known type of woman, from a school
girl of 10 to odd Lady 81"
Helen Weir, Mr.. Norman's Juvenile
leading woman, is both ingenue and
motion picture actress. She appeared
with Norma Talmadge in THE Sign
on the Door was Christine with
Eugene O'Brien last year in Steve"
and refused a First National contract
the 1st of October to play opposite
Mr.. Norman. Betty Byron played in
pictures as the miniature Sweetheart
of Wesley Barry; Henry Whittemore
was with Mae Murray. in The tiild ed
Lily and James Burtis with Gloria
swanson in Her Love story"
Mile. Nina is the Russian danseuse
and William Duree her partner in
pantomimic work. Robbie Simonds
and Keno Clark are the accompa-
nists. The Eight Cylinder Orchestra
travels with the company
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
Palace -" forbidden Para
disc"

Pola Negri's latest Paramount pro-
duction. Forbidden Paradise" di
rected by Ernest Lubitsch, will be
the featured attraction at Loew S
Palace Theater next week, beginning
Sunday afternoon, with Adolphe
Menjou. Rod La ROGUE and Pauline
Starke in supporting roles.
1t is d perturbation of the play
1.-The Czarina.' by I.ajos Bros and
Malchior Lengyel. and probably the
most colorful and dramatic offering
that Pola Negri and Lubitsch have
offered to date.
Pola Negri assumes the role of the
Czarina of Il European country who
meets the intrigues of court life with
an iron hand, aided by her chan
cellor. the part played by Adolphe
Menjou. A young army officer, scent
ing a revolt against her. rides to
court to tell her and becomes the
object of the queens tickle romantic
fancy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
"POOR RICHARD" APPEARS
FIRST TIME ON STAGE
Comedy Characterizing Life of Ben
jamin Franklin Presented in
Philadelphia Theater.
Ey the Associated Press.

Ivy the AsSoClAteC FrfSS.
PHILADELPHIA, November H.
Poor Richard" romantic comedy
by Louis Evan Shipman. concerning
tho life, character and period of
benjamin Franklin. was presented at
the Walnut Street Theater Monday
night for the first time on any stage
Maclyn Arbuckle, the veteran actor.
was in tho title role. Others in the
cast included Blanche Turka, John
Craig. Oswald Iorke. Dennis Hoey,
Henry Morrell, John Seymour. Selena
Royic. John Davidson and Stanley
kakhurst.
The play portrays the life Of DR..
Franklin during his mem able days
as Ambassador to the French court
of Louis XVI and provides a humor-
Gus insight of the great philosopher
diplomat 1t was produced by Craig
Biddle, jr., member of a socially
prominent Philadelphia family, and
Charles X Gordon, a young Harvard
graduate, for their first theatrical
venture.
Gen. Smedley D. Butler. director of
public safety, and Maurice PaiIlard,
French consul in this city, were in
the audience
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
HELP-MALE AND FEMALE.

RELIABLE COUPLE to occupy first class
first floor apt, ne, Nov. Is; cheap rent for
attending fires, etc Address Box 202-W. Star
Office.
COUPLE, French English. TO live in Chevy
Chase; wife as cook husband. butler house
man; family Of four; three others in serv-
ice; references required; state wages de
sired Address Box 145-W, Star office, l2'
CoUPLE-Room and board given for house
keeping services. Apply after $50 pm.
1913 Rhode island ave. ne. l2'
MAN OR WOMAN capable of making fine
coffee in regulation lunch room size urn, for
demonstra tion purposes: work will only be
at intervals; mostly nights. Address Box
l32W Star ofiice.
MANY MEN AND WOMEN who possess SUI
perior qualifications are holding inferior posi-
to take up They using only part of
their energy and ability. The real estate
business has made many fortunes. We teach
you. Free lectures on salesmsnship every
Thursday. ) pm. Employment whole OF
part time. William +. Matteson. el0-ll
Bond Bldg.
MEN AND wOMEN-If you feel capable Of
ga rning 800 weekly, call and US. Free
office space, telephone and stenographic scrv-
ice. Our statesmen average 5000 a
year Need not interfere with present en-
y-loyment to start. 4. NJ. Sheppard. BOND
bldg. Main GIL.
OYSTER PADDER AND COOK. Green's
OYSTER House. so Sth Sc. 13s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-12
Ambassador=Luck."

Johnny Hines will be pictured Sun
day and Monday at Crandalrs Ambas-
sador Theater, beginning Sunday aft
ernoon. in Luck" supported by Rob-
crt Edeson, Edmund Breese, Violet
Mersereau, Charlie Murray, Flora
Finch, Warner Richmond and Polly
Moran; Tuesday and Wednesday,
Her Marriage Vow" with Monte
Blue and Beverly Bayne, and Lloyd
Hamilton, in Jonah Jones'; Thurs
day, Patsy Ruth Miller and Matt
Moore, in THE Wise Virgin; Friday,
Harold Lloyd, in Girl Shy" feature
length comedy, and Jack Dempsey, in
Bring Him In; Saturday, Glenn
Hunter, in Merton of the Movies"
and Our Gang" in Hal Roach's THE
Cradle Robbers"