The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-31
JACKSON FORGED GREEK INDIANS
 TO SIGN TREATY
Writer Tells Of Famous Period In Alabama
 History
tstats Capltal Bureau.)

hIdsa august w. An interesting Sidelight on the striking contrast between the Alabama of to- day, and the same territory as 1t ex- isted a little more than hundred years ago, is to be found in an article ap- bearing in the August issue of Arrow Points" official organ of the Alabama Anthropological society, dealing with the treaty of Fort Jackson. The article, written by Henry S Halbert, who was connected with the state department of fsarchives and history from 1906 to his death in 1916, gives detailed ac- count of the negotiations which ended in the signing, a little more than Il hundred and ten years ago, on August 9, 1914, of the memorable treaty be tween the United States and the Greek Indians The power of the Greeks had been broken by Andrew Jackson short time previous to the above date, at the battle of Horseshoe Bend. The rem nants of the Creek Nation met with the commissioners at Fort Jackson, F miles above the spot where the capital of Alabama is now situated, and re- luctantly signed the paper which ceded to the United States a large area in central Alabama, opening this section to white civilization The treaty of Fort Jackson is thus reckoned as an important event in the history of the state.
 War Secretary Takes Hand
 One of the most interesting lnsights into the Alabama of hundred and ten years ago is~ found in the articles of instruction sent by the Secretary of War to form the basis of the treaty, which was presented by Gen. Andrew dickson, who had associated with him two other commissioners, Col. Robert I. Hayne and Col. Benjamin flaw kin& The instructions from the secre- tary of war provided for:
 1. An indemnification (for expense incurred by the United States in prose cuting the war) by such cession or sessions of land, as may be deemed an equivalent for said expenses.
 -.2 A stipulation, on their part, that they will cease all intercourses with any Spanish post, garrison or town, and that they will not admit among them, any agent or trader whc does not derive his authority or license from the United States.
 -'3 An acknowledgement of a right in the United States to open roads through their territory; to navigate all waters and streams within the same, and also to establish therein, such mili- tary posts and trading houses as may be deemed necessary and proper. And,
 A A surrender of the prophets and iIstigators of the war, who will be held subject to the orders of the President"
 The land question proved the greatest difficulty in the negotiations General Jackson demanded an immense cession of territory, giving security to the set dement's in south Alabama and to the western frontier of Georgia, and sepa- rating the Greeks from the Spaniards and Seminoles in Florida The cession west of the CooSa likewise separated the Creeks from the Choctaws and Chickasaws, through whose territory had passed the emisSaries from the n9rthwestern tribes Tecumseh aEd ( others, who had melted the Greeks to var.
 At First Opposed.
 In speaking of the impression which the demands of Jackson produced upon the Greeks, 4albert states that everyone was opposed to the treaty, even the friendly Creeks, who had stood by the Americans during the war. The treaty was debated by the Creeks in secret council, and at a meeting with General Jackson, weeks elapsing from the date of its presentation until it was finally signed
 An account is given by Halbert of the details preceding the signing of the treaty, of the speeches of the Greek chieftains in council with their white eonquerors, opposing the terms pre- scented, but realizing also the hopeless ness of further resistance
 The great Weatherford was there, and Halbert relates that "once during a recess he made a talk to the chiefs in regard to the folloy of their disput- ing with General Jackson, who had conquered them and could make them go anywhere he pleased; that it was foolish to think that anything could be- accomplished by talking, when fighting had failed; that it would be better if General Jackson would simply order them to go on the new reserva- tion without any talk at all, for it would come to that at last; that he himself was only waiting the orders of General Jackson and that all their talk was like the wind whistling through the tops of tall trees"
 Jackson Speaks.
 ''Old Hickory" finally put an end to the temporizing. Addressing the Creeks in council. he first informed them that those who signed the treaty would be protected, and those who opposed it would be granted permission to retire to Pensacola, then Spanish territory. Here is the paper; take it and show the President who are his friends. Con suit, and this evening let me know who will assent to it and who will not I do not wish, nor will I attempt to force any of you-act as you think proper. With this ultimatum from General Jackson. the Creeks came to the terms of their cOnquerors, and the treaty was signed
 UThe treaty of Fort Jackson saw the last great Indian assembly gathered on that historic spot" the historian re- lates. The treaty is classed as highly important event in the development of the state of Alabama at the hands of the new race which supplanted the red men.