davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
SIMPLE RULES FOR
STORAGE OF APPLES

Farmers will insure success in the
storage of apples at this time Of year
by following few simple rules, ac-
cording to j. G. Moore, hprticulturist
at the Wisconsin College Of Agricul-
ture.
Some Of the most important things
to remember are: Never attempt to
store culls or injured apples. Store
only well-matured but not too ripe, and
well-colored apples. Pick apples with
care so as not to bruise them or pune
ture their skins, and store at once.
Whenever possible, reduce the tenn
perature rapidly to slightly above
freezing and keep it there. Keep the
air full Of moisture. Loss from scald,
or shrivelling from loss of moisture, Is
greatly reduced by wrapping with any
kind of paper, but especially oiled
paper.
'sUse the fall apples, such as
Wealthy, Farmense, Snow and McIn-
tosh, first" Moore urges, "and save the
winter apples, such as Northwestern
Greetings, SCOTS Winter and Wind
sor, to the last"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Good Pointer for Seed
Corn Picker Given Out

If you wish to keep your corn in a
constant state of improvement, the
thing to do is to select for vigor with
out close attention for score card type.
That is the new word, based on years
of careful study and experiment at the
Minnesota experiment station, Univer-
Sity farm, st. Paul.
For several years the Minnesota ex-
pertinent station has carried on activi-
ties designed to encourage the selection
OF seed corn from the standing stalks
in the field before frost time in the fall.
The idea was to get early maturing
corn from vigorous plants. But now
comes III. X. Hayes, plant breeder of
the division of agronomy and farm
management with a new bulletin, No.
21O of the Minnesota experiment sta
ton series, Methods Of Corn Breed
ing" which among other things says
"Corn should be selected from per-
fect-stand hills and from vigorous
healthy stalks. Plants which are green
when the ear approaches maturity in
sure normal maturity of the ear.
"Close selection for ear type leads to
reduction in yielding ability. For
this reason no close selection for ear
type should be made"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

tain kinds of bacteria or germs which
penetrate the smaller hair-like roots OF
these plants and cause abnormal swell
ings called nodules. Within these
noduleS the nitrogen from the soil is
fixed" in some way, that is, the nitro
gen gas is built up into fertilizing ma
terials which the legumes can use in
their growth Under proper condi-
tons, therefore, these plants can get
their nitrogen from the air and grow
on soils which do not contain nitrogen
in the form of nitrates or ammonium
compounds, as is necessary for the
growth Of other crops.
The bacteria which form nodules on
medium red clover, alfalfa, and sweet
clover, require more lime than the
bacteria which develop nodules on the
roots of some other legumes such as
cowpeas, lupines, and serradella.
Legumes Gather Nitrogen.
Medium red clover, mammoth Glow
er, and alfalfa can fix more nitrogen
in a season than can those legumes
which grow on soils deficient in lime.
Furthermore, they are better forage
crops than most, if not all legumes,
which will grow on lime-defcient soils
because they can be made into hay
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Arrange Official Grain
Standards for Sorghums

An order promulgating official grain
standards Of the United States for
grain sorghums to become effective De-
cember 1, 1924, was issued on August
% by the Secretary Of Agriculture.
The Department of Agriculture is
sued in 1922 a circular containing
grades for grain sorghums which were
recommended for use by the grain
trade and inspection departments, but
were not made official under the grain
standards act. Since that time these
recommended standards have beer
adopted by state grain inspection dc
partments as well as by commercial
inspection departments and have
worked out satisfactorily. Repeated
requests have beeen received by the de-
partment that the standards be made
Official In order that interested parties
may have the benefit of supervision
and appeal under the act.
In making the standards official no
change was made in the grades or re-
quirements as set forth in the recon-
mended grades for the reason that they
have been in satisfactory commercial
operation for the past two years.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Cocklebur Plants Found
Poisonous to All Stock

Cocklebur plants are poisonous to
swine, cattle, sheep, and chickens, ac-
cording to the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. This weed has
long been suspected, but many persons
thought that deaths reported from this
cause were produced by the mechanical
action of the burs rather than by the
toxic effect of the plant. While the
burs may produce some mechanical
injury, and while the seeds are very
poisonous, stock poisoning, the depart
ment says, is caused by feeding on the
very young plants before the develop
ment of true leaves.
To avoid losses from this cause the
most important thing is to prevent the
animals from eating the weed. If
there Is shortage of good forage, they
may eat enough Of the young cookie
burs to cause serious results. Feeding
milk to pigs Immediately after they
have eaten the weed has proved bene-
fetal, probably because of the fat con-
tent. Good results also may be ex-
pected by feeding them bacon grease,
lard, or linseed oil.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

Avoid stagnant mud wallows.

Avoid stagnant mud wallows.
Turn idle horses on pasture and thus
save grain.
The best way to get good profitable
cows is to raise them on your own
farm.
Even when young, weeds are not
"young and innocent; they are soil
robbers.
Fall and early spring heifers should
have some grain on short pastures to
prevent stunning.
If you want some new farm ma
chinery, let what you have stay out in
the weather unprotected.
Land that is to be planted in alfalfa
should be narrowed frequently to Sc
cure a firm, smooth seed bed.
Although the cows you now have
may be grades and poor grades at that,
YOU can insure the value of your future
herd by breeding these cows to we'll
bred pure bred bullf
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Encourage Dairy Cows to
Eat to Full Capacity

Since sweet clover pasture furnishes
a constant supply of fine, green feed,
the COW always has good ration be-
fore her, night and day. She can get
as muck feed as she wants whenever
she wants it, and this encourages her
10 keep filed up to her maximum ca
pacity all the time. AS it is the last
feed that a COW eats and makes into
milk, above that required to pay ex-
penses, that yields the profit, the ad-
vantage of encouraging her to con-
sumo up to her limit is easily recog-
nized.
Sweet clover pasture is good not
only from the standpoint Of high pro-
duction, but also because 1t stimulates
the COW in the natural way with good,
fresh, green roughage to give large
yield of milk 1t does not 'eburn out"
the COW as does heavy grain ration,
but rather keeps her in the best
physical tone because it is the kind Of
iced which she was designed by nature
to handle over long period of years,
and tends to add to her length of life.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
[)(N]LTRY
i RS6SE
ROASTING CHICKENS
FINISHED ON MILK


Much OF the poultry sold to the con-
Stunning public is in an unfinished con-
dition. Fleshing or fattening puts
weight onto the birds, improves the
flavor, causes the muscles to become
tender and the bones brittle. Theo-
retically the fat is distributed be-
tween the muscle fibers in a way sim
liar to the marbling in roasts and
steaks. In the roasting method Of
cooking poultry, the fat assists in
shortening the time of cooking. This
may be contrasted with the lean bird
which requires longer cooking and
from which the water evaporates, leav-
Ing the bird in dry and tough condi-
ton.
Most milk feeding Of roasting chick
ems by the producer is done in the fall
when the weather is cool and the birds
can better stand confinement. The
time just preceding Thanksgiving and
Christmas is most desirable. Young
birds weighing from 31s to Az pounds
are about the right weight for fall
feeding. Broiler fieshing is done in
the spring when the birds weigh about
one-half pound less than the market
demand, which is normally two pounds.
Two common methods Of feeding
are pen and crate fattening. For farm
purposes pen fattering will be salts
factory because no special equipment
is needed. The birds are confined to
limited coop area where they will
get little or no exercise. The lack Of
exercise helps to make the bird ten
der.
Purdue university has found the fol-
lowing ration and method Of feeding
quite satisfactory:
Two pounds ground corn
One pound ground whole oats
One pound -four middlings
Eight pounds liquid buttermilk.
This is mixed at the feeding prior
to the one it is to be fed. When fed,
1t should pour and be of thick cream
of pancake-batter consistency.
The birds should receive no feed
for "a hours previous to their first
milk feeding. This is done in order
to free the intestines from feed and
to get the birds hungry. Thereafter
they should be fed in troughs twice
a day, early in the morning and late
in the afternoon. From 10 to IA days
Is the usual length Of time for feed
ing. For the first three or four days
until they are son feed" the feed
should be in front of them for only 10
minutes; for the next three or four
. days, Is minutes, and for the last
days, 20 minutes. The birds should
be hungry at each feeding. If they
are not hungry at each feeding, that
feeding should be withheld.
Only in very hot weather should
anything other than the two regular
feelings be given. At suchSa time the
birds may have very thin mixture OF
the ration given at noon.-L. Ell.
Schwartz. Purdue University.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

BY producing over 1900 pounds
milk and 1000 pounds butterfat in
one year for the fourth consecutive
time, Adirondac Wietske Dairy Maid,
an eleven-year-Old pure bred Holstein-
Friesian cow, is the only COW in the
world to make such record. Her
latest record, just completed, is 81
SIT pounds milk and 1,005.82 pounds
butterfat- equal to 1882 pounds but
ter, which, with the shree made in pre-
vious years, gives this cow an aver
age for the four successive yearly test
periods of 32,3499 pounds milk con-
tanning 1,048.13 pounds butterfat,
equivalent to 1901 pounds butter.
"Adirondac" shown in the photograph,
holds also the highest record for both
milk and butterfat in the United
States for ten months production
27,577.3 pounds milk and 872.12 pounds
butterfat, made at ten years of age.
Was Never Pampered.
This COW, like all other cows on
yearly semi-official test in the Bridg-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Larger Consumption
of Dairy Products
Per Capita on Farms Much
Greater Than in Cities.

prepared by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture.)
The increasing Importance of dairy
ing in the United States as source
of the nations food supply is striking
ly brought out in study just COM
pleted by 7. r. Pirtle of the dairy and
poultry products marketing division
Of the United States Department OF
Agriculture. The per capita consump-
ton of milk and cream has increased
about IL per cent during the past ten
years, and per capita consumption Of
butter has increased more than 6 per
cent, Mr.. Pirtle says.
Special efforts have been made by
the department during the past two
years to obtain data on the consump.
ton of dairy and poultry products on
farms. Based upon reports from 3d.
600 township crop reporters in all
parts Of the country it is shown that
the per capita consumption Of milk
and cream on farms is much larger
than in cities. The average per capita
consumption on farms with cows last
year was approximately 81 gallons
whereas the average for the entire
country was only SO gallons. Average
consumption of milk and cream on
farms ten years ago was only e gal
Ions.
Farm consumption of butter has
also increased greatly, being now
more than double the average for the
United States. Per capita consump-
ton of butter on farms last year is
placed at 38 pounds as compared with
an average Of IL pounds for the coun-
try as whole. This farm consump-
ton shows an increase of over two
pounds per capita since 1913.
The average person on farms also
eats about one case Of eggs a year,
and about one fowl per month, Mr..
Pirtle says.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Chilling Tomatoes
Not Good Practice
May Result in Product Be
coming Soft and Flabby.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Among dealers and handlers of
produce the opinion is rather general
Nv held that tomatoes which are fully
developed but still green in color when
once cooled to low temperatures, even
though not frozen, will not ripen nor
mally when held in the ripening
rooms. They consider that the chilli
Ing of tomatoes, that is cooling them
to temperatures which, while low, are
not at or below their freezing point,
nav result in the stock becoming soft,
fabby or wrinkled anG shriVeled and
prevent their taking on the attractive
red color. Inasmuch as definite infor-
nation as to the effect on tomatoes of
temperatures slightly higher than
their freezing point is lacking, inves-
legations were conducted by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture
The results Of the Investigations on
the chilling Of tomatoes are reported
In Department Circular 315 just Is
sued. From LneSe STUDIES It Is COLI
cluded that within certain limits an
exposure to low temperature is not in
furious to fully developed tomatoes
provided they are not frozen. 1t has
been shown that exposure to low tenn
peratures just above the freezing point
is not harmful to Globe tomatoes
which were just beginning to change
color, If this exposure is not extended
beyond five days, and it has also been
shown that tomatoes may be cooled
below their freezing point for a short
time without apparent injury if they
do not freeze.
A copy of this circular may be had
upon request, as long as the supply
lasts, from the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
LIME NEEDED FOR
MOST BADGER SOIL
Required in Order to Grow
the Best Crops of
Legumes.

BY A. r. WHITsoN, Wisconsin College
of Agriculture.
Lime is needed on rs per cent Of the
tillable land in Wisconsin. 1t is re-
quired in order to grow the best crops
Of clover, alfalfa and other legumes.
1t is well known that the growing of
leguminous plants, such as clover and
alfalfa, is one of the most important
principles in maintaining the fertility
Of the soil. Wisconsin farmers Should
apply lime to their land In order to in
crease their crop yields. Fortunately,
many sections of wisconsin have mex
haustible deposits Of limestone, while
in the sandy sections where no lime is
found, mari beds can be dredged to
supply the lime.
Lime has several uses In the soil. 1t
takes part in the notification by which
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

Very good crops must be grown on
the remainder of the farm if such a
loss is to be overcome. Most farmers
cannot long make a profit under such
conditions. Fortunately such condi-
tons do not exist in all sections of the
state, and farmers of the proportions
which are not yet infested should take
extreme care that weeds are eradi-
Gated before they spread.
Costly Machinery Not Necessary.
It is unnecessary to buy high-priced
machinery in order to kill quack grass
or any other weed. 1t can be done
with the tools which are used on every
well-equipped farm The tools are less
important than the will power and
persistence Of the user. The fact that
the most noXious weeds can be eradi-
Gated should be emphasized and active
efforts put forth to prevent these pests
from taking possession Of Wisconsin
farms. Only by continuing the fight
to the end with method and thorough
ness .can ultimate freedom from nox-
ious weeds be attained.
The majority of the troublesome
weeds have been brought to the farms
in crop seeds of various kinds. Obvi-
ously it is impossible to keep fields
free from weeds so long as farmers
persist in using low-priced seed which
is low priced because it either con-
tains weed seeds or does not grow
properly, usually the former. Every
weed-eradication campaign must be
one for the use of pure crop seeds.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Summer Hardest Season
to Produce Good Eggs

Summer is the hardest season in
which to produce quality eggs and for
that reason producer Of such should
have very little trouble getting few
cents more per dozen. It really costs
no more to produce a good egg than
a poor one though 1t is perhaps lit
tie more work.
The. first thing to do when produc-
ing quality eggs is to dispose of the
roosters. This is the greatest trouble
with summer egg production. The
egg starts to incubate and then the
embryo dies leaving the egg unfit for
food. The second thing to do Is to
never neglect gathering the eggs twice
day.
The third thing to do is to keep the
eggs in a cool cellar or cave. They
should never be kept in musty place
as an egg will take up odors as quick
Iy as milk. BY following these three
rules you will not find 1t difficult to
produce eggs that will be a credit to
the producer.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

ford herd was kept In separate box
stall, but had free access to large
paddock adjoining her stall. She was
kept in stall only during inclement
weather. During the summer, from
April to October, she was run on pas
ture several hours each day. She was
never pampered in any way, but al
ways was kept in dry, well-ventilated
quarters. She was fed concentrates
four times a day at each milking the
year round made up Of mixture OF
mill run, rolled barley, cracked corn,
oil cake meal and soy bean meal. The
total weight Of concentrates consumed
each day varied from IL to Is pounds
TO this mixture was added dry beet
pulp.
She received all the alfalfa hay she
would clean up twice day. During
the summer months she was given
green-cut alfalfa twice daily. This
was replaced by corn silage during
winter months from November to
.day.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Poultry Notes

FFFEFFFEF%FEFT FFFF9'
Keep grain before all the stock.
Select best pullets and give good
care.
Keep young chicks moving on to new
ground. 1t prevents coccidiosis.
Pullets that are small for their age
and apparently lacking in vigor are
seldom profitable.
1t pays to watch the development OF
the pullets and If they seem to be
maturing too rapidly you can take
away the mash and feed only scratch
grain.
1t pays to Gull the pUllets. Many
f1ocks are reduced in vigor because
every pullet that is pure bred Is held
over.
Crowding In the houses overheats
the birds at night. When they come
out on the cool ground in the morning
there is a danger of taking cold.
Every farmer who markets eggs can
help to establish confidence in eggs
as palatable, tasteful food by collect
ing his eggs daily and marketing them
at least twice a week.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Honor for Pure Bred

A pure bred Holstein calf had the
distinction Of being the guest Of honor
at a picnic and basket dinner of the
county, KY. For many years the COM
munity had paid slight attention to
improved live stock, but on becoming
interested it is now one of the most
active in the state for the betterment
Of it's farm animals The calf is the
offspring of pure bred sire and a
pure bred dam, and is believed to be
the first pure bred animal born in the
community.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Smut Reduces Yield and
Quality of Grain Crops

No doubt every farmer is acquainted
with the common smut of oats, but it
is doubtful if they think Of this trouble
as an active plant disease. AS mat
ter Of fact, smut is serious trouble
on OATS barley, and wheat. 1t is
caused by fungus which infects the
plant and destroys the heads before
they can mature. Once plants are in
fected there is no cure for the trouble.
One cannot be sure that seed are
free of disease just because they look
clean, or because they come from an
apparently clean field. At thrashing
time the smut spores are liberated by
the millions and these lodge on the in
dividual grains and are carried back
to the field where they infect the new
crop.
The fcrmaldehyde treatment will
kill the smut spores and will not affect
the termination of the seed. Make a
solution of one pint Of commercial
formaldehyde (40 per cent formalin) in
40 gallons Of water. Put the grain to
be treated in bags about one bushel to
the bag, dip into the barrel of solution
and allow to remain five to ten minutes.
Move the bags up and down in the bar
rels so as to insure thorough satura-
ton Of the seed Then lift out the
bags and allow all of the solution to
drain off, and either pile together and
cover with canvas, Or pour the grain
out on clean floor and keep it COW
cred for six to twelve hours. After
this spread the grain out on clean
floor to dry. This treatment can also
be used for sinking smut Of wheat
and for covered smut Of barley.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09

Keep weeds moved from pastures.
Use extra precautions in caring for
dairy products.
Clean up the garden promptly after
harvesting crops to help control in
sects.
Pillow early or double disk to kill
weeds, save moisture, and combat the
Hessian fly.
Spray with nicotine sulphate or dust
with nicotine dust all plants infested
with plant lice.
Provide plenty of fresh water and
shade for the hogs. Do not drive hogs
in the heat Of the day.
In making your provision for next
winters dairy supplies do not overlook
the bedding. Provide an abundance.
Dairying will always occ1py prom
inent and strategic place in any sue
cessful plan for balancing agriculture.
y
Farming, to be really. successful,
must pay dividends in good homes,
schools, roads, churches, and COM
munity life.
Take care Of the work horses, and
the tractors, too. Both require special
care, and will do more work in return
for a little extra attention.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Poisonous Gases Formed
in SilOs Are DANGEROUS

That poisonous gases formed in silos
overnight while in process of being
filed are deadly, is the seasonable
warning of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Freshly cut silage in a partially
filled silo produces a poisonous gas.
II there is no circulation Of air this
gas remains in considerable volume.
Death may result from entering a silo
containing this gas.
A precaution recommended by gov
eminent specialists will avert the
danger of entering a gas-flled silo.
They advise running the blower of
the ensilage cutter for a few min
utes before anyone enters the silo.
Air currents stirred up by the blow
er will dilute the gases sufficiently or
drive them from the silo. 1t is then
safe to enter.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-10-09
Bothersome Bot Flies

The bot fly lays its eggs on the
shoulders, forelegs, or on the hairs
between the jaws of the horse.
The nose bot, darker than 9TH
ers and with reddish tail, is the
worst of all, darting at the lips of a
morse, and sometimes nearly driving
him frantic The common methods
used to keep away these flies are to
make a leather fringe by cutting a
piece of thin leather into strips and
fastening onto the bride. Some use
burlap, especially for the throat and
forelegs. In serious cases carbon BIZ
gulphide is given the horse, but this
should be done only by veterinarian