davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Feed Questions Asked
by Raisers of Stock
Wide Range Of Problems
From Many States.

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
The recent work of the United
States Department of Agriculture and
cooperating states to improve the
methods of feeding live stock has
stimulated interest in all parts of the
country and feeding problem blanks
sent to many farmers have been filed
out and sent in Tor replies. A suryey
made last summer showed that
large percentage of stock raisers and
feeders have many puzzling problems
and that most Of them are searching
for better ard more economical ra-
lions.
A few of the early inquiries re-
ceived as result of this new service
offered to farmers show a wide range
o. problems from scattered states. A
Maryland farmer asked for good ra-
ti0ns for brood sows and growing
pigs Although he had been keeping
hogs for eight years, ear corn was
practically the only feed used. The
departments reply pointed out the
principles of successful swine feeding
end called attention to the need for
good pastures, mineral mixtures. and
a well-balanced grain ration. A Ken
lucky cattle feeder submitted the ra-
lions he had been using for finishing
for both the spring and fall markets
and received suggestions which should
save him money the coming year.
Among the other problems the de-
partment has helped to solve are the
making of dairy rations where certain
feeds commonly used are not avail
able; the addition of more desirable
crops in the farm rotation feeding
boar pigs to be sold for breeding pur-
poses; the saving of grain by use Of
other roughages; and many more. Re
quests for assistance have come from
Alabama, Colorado, Kentucky, Mary
land, Massachusetts, Missouri, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, South
Carolina, Utah, Vermont, West Yir-
ginia, and Wisconsin.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Future Of Civilization
Depends Upon Highways

The future of civilization, of ma
terial, moral and educational progress
in America depends upon the high
ways, says the Manufacturers Record,
in a recent number, which is largely
devoted to discussion Of the highway
question.
bad highways-mud or deep sand
roads-spell backwardness. Good high
ways make certain the advancement
of religion, education and wealth.
bad highways will drive men and
women from the farms into cities, thus
reducing the number of food producers
and increasing the number of mouths
to be fed from a steadily diminishing
food supply. That road leads straight
to anarchy and Bolsheyism, for de-
creasing food supply and increasing
population congestion breeds discon-
tent, poverty and ultimately anarchy.
1.-THE good highway is the straight
road that opens the way to better
schools, better religious activities In
country churches, better dwellings,
and that means better homes, more
contentment on the farms, larger food
production, with more profit justly
earned by the grower and yet lower
cost to the consumer.
ION one side the safety Of ciyiliza-
ton, increased food supply and the
rounding of the nations life; on the
other Standardization endangered,
food riots a certainty of the future,
with a nation sunk in its own bottom
less mudholes, sometimes called
roads"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
BADGER CHAMPS
ARE HOME GROWN

Wisconsin's champion dairy cows
are home grown.
Records reveal that only dozen
of the state leaders in the various
classes were bred on farms in other
states. And in the great majority of
the cases the top-notch cows have
made their records for the men who
raised them. OF the 112 class cham
pions just an even dozen were import
ed into this state.
Roy T. Harris, supervisor of Wis
consin dairy tests for the five national
dairy breeders associations, reports
that 26 counties in the state are able
to claim one or more Of these record
holders. Twelve counties have class
leading Holsteins with the same num-
Der having Guernsey leaders. The
champions in the Jersey classes are
divided among nine counties, while
the Brown Swiss are punched into
three.
Manitowoc county leads in the num-
Der of Jerseys, and Green county
claims the majority of the Brown
Swiss champions. Waukesha county
not only excels in the number of
Holstein class leaders but tops all
counties in the state for champions
of all breeds.
One worlds record for milk is
claimed in the 3O-day test for Junior
four-yesr-oid Holsteins. Walcowis Oh
lie Butte Maid, owned by Mrs. Louise
H. Dickinson of Walworth county,
claimed this distinction on her record
Of 1852 pounds of milk.
Barron is the northernmost county
in the state claiming champion,
Door represents the eastern part of
the state, Walworth the southern, and
st. Croix maintains the reputation of
the western counties.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Simple Laying Rations
Give Good Egg Results

Just as good results can be obtained
with a simple mash containing three
or four ground grains and meat scrap
as from highly complicated mash
containing ten or twelve products, say
government poultry feeders. Good
production and profitable returns from
laying hens are the result of proper
ly balanced rations.
Some simple mixtures of home
grown grains supplemented with
meat scraps or milk are: One part
oats and two parts cracked corn for
scratch feed; the mash to consist
of three parts cornmeal and one part
meat scrap. A fair amount of green
feed should go with the above COM
binations.
About CT pounds Of feed are re-
ouired to produce dozen eggs with
general-purpose pullets, while egg
laying breeds require about 4.S pounds.
Old hens use much larger amount
of feed to produce dozen eggs than
do pullets.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Pay More Attention to
Feeding Poultry Flock

With the coming of cold weather and
higher prices for eggs, careful pOul-
.trymen pay more attention than ever
to the feeding Of their focks, so egg
production may start early and be
maintained as long as possible. To
help meet the demand for information
on feeding. the college Of agriculture
at Ithaca has published bulletin con-
tanning the rations it has found by ex-
pertinent to be the most efficient. Di-
rections for the use Of these feeds and
for the management Of focks are also
discussed, two things which, in the
words of the bulletin, are las Inn
portant as the mixtures themselves"
The amount of feed depends upon
the appetites of the birds, and NO
definite rule for feeding will apply to
all conditions. Scant feeding in the
morning and at noon, followed BY a
heavy feeding Of grain in the litter Of
the hen house early enough so the
birds will find it before dark, has
given best results. Green feed, oyster
shell, and clean, fresh, pure water are
also essential.
Equal parts by weight of mash and
grain are fed; the former is made as
follows for laying hens: 100 pounds
each Of wheat bran. wheat middlings,
cornmeal, ground oats or ground bar
ley, and meat scrap, and three pounds
of salt. The grain mixture consists Of
500 pounds of cracked corn, 200 pounds
each of barley and wheat, and 100
pounds Of heavy oats.
A copy Of the bulletin will be sent
to those who write to the college at
Ithaca for e 45.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03

swine kept than in any other kind Of
animals listed-62.9 per cent. Cattle
come second in this respect. AS high
as p per cent Of the mares are
grades; sheep come next in this re-
spect. Only 1 per cent of the swine
are classed as scrubs; 1.2 per cent of
the sheep; 3.3 per cent of the cattle !;
and Al per cent of horses. These fig
ures, it much be remembered, apply
only to these farms where nothing but
pure bred sires are used
Sign of Identification.
Many of the farms of the members
Of the Better Sires-Better Stock"
campaign may be identified from the
highway by sign, supplied by the
department, which bears the words
"Pure Bred Sires Exclusively Used on
This Farm" Each sign bears the
owners membership number.
A list of the officials in the various
states who have charge of the better
sires activities has been compiled and
may be obtained from the Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Pure Bred Live Stock in
Kentucky Is Progressing


Kentucky, long famous for its fine
horses and bluegrass pastures, is
not content with past laurels, but Is
making rapid strides in improving the
quality of its food animals as well.
According to Wayland Rhoads, field
agent in animal husbandry of the Ken
lucky extension service, who recently
visited the United States Department
Of Agriculture scrub sires are being
replaced rapidly with pure breds. Ac-
cording to best estimates 16 per cent
of the dairy bulls and 20 per cent
of the beef bulls in the state are now
pure bred and the proportion is in
creasing. A few years ago one-half
of the east Kentucky mountain coun-
ties had no pure breds at all, and the
state was losing $15,0O0,OO0 a year
due to scrub bulls and boars alone.
The reports of Mr.. Rhoads are sup
ported by figures obtained in the Bet
ter Sires- Better Stock" movement, in
which Kentucky now ranks third
among all the states. A total Of 1903
farmers in Kentucky have signed writ
ten agreements that they will use pure
bred sires exclusively for all classes
Of live stock kept and will follow
methods leading to further improve
ment.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Rat Trap and Dry Mash
Feeder in Combination

A combination rat trap and dry
mash feeder Is rather novel addition
to the poultry house. The feeder Is
a long box, foot high and foot wide,
with sloped and Slated top, through
which the hens put their heads to eat
during the day. To convert this into
a rat trap, a 4-inch hole was bored
in the end Of the hopper, a short length
Of 4-inch stovepipe fastened in the
hole, and bag tied over the other
end of the pipe and spread out on the
ground A heavy board cover was
hinged to the feed box; this was kept
open by means of hook during the
day, but the hook was released, and
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
High Roosts Are Cause
Of Sore Feet Of Fowls

The main cause of bumblefoot is
the high roost None Of the large
breeds should have to jump from
roosts over two feet above the floor.
Hens will always climb to the high
roosts If they can, but they will in
variably jump down if it is not ex-
tremely high.
Lighting on a hard floor, it is no
wonder that their feet are bruised
The bruise can very easily be cured
if the cause is removed, usually with
out any extra doctoring, but if the
cause is not removed, the hens will be
rendered permanently lame. Treat
the. injured hens with wltchhazel and
place them in henhouse where they
cannot fly down from high roosting
places.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Owners Of Grade Herds
Becoming Dissatisfied

It is very gratifying to know that
owners Of grade dairy herds are be
coming dissatisfied with the use of
just ordinary service bulls. Not only
are they getting rid of scrub sires, but
they are insisting that the herd bull
must come from dam with good
record. This is sound business judg-
ment, for the use Of a good bull, even
in a grade dairy, means sure future
increase in herd production and will
pay for the added cost of a good reg
istered sire many times over. Bulls
coming from line Of proven ancestors
should be able to increase the future
production Of any grade herd. Farm
ers generally realize this fact and are
going in stronger every year for herd
sires which are backed with records as
well as pedigrees.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Large Cows Are Better
Producers of Butterfat

The old question: "Are large cows
better producers than small cows?"
was recently investigated in Missouri
Results show plainly that size inf1u-
ences fat production very decidedly,
another reason for growing heifers to
their full inherited size.
In the test, Jerseys weighing from
625 to ], 125 pounds were used Those
whose average weight was 625 pounds
produced an average of $40 pounds of
fat. Those averaging LIPS pounds
produced All pounds. 1t was found
that after Jersey has reached 1000
pounds in weight there is very little
increase in production for correspond
ing increases In weight.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03

club root, black leg soft rot, and vari-
GUS bacterial and fungous infections.
None, however, had taken such a ruin
GUS sweep over the fields as had the
yellows.
Outlook Was DIsheartening.
With the men who were going over
the Hansche field that day, according
to Swingle, was DR.. L. r. Jones, pro-
fessor Of plant pathology at the Wis
consin College Of Agriculture He,
with Dean FL. L. Russell Of the Badger
farm school, had spent much time in
striving to find a remedy that would
check this mysterious cabbage plague.
So far they had not succeeded. 1t
seemed to this group that they had
reached nearly the end of the rope, as
far as the business of cabbage grow
ing, storing and shipping was con-
cerned. But then, as Swingle tells it,
Doctor Jones took a last squint down
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Wintering Of Pullets
REQUIRES Great Care
CuIIs Should Be Disposed
of for Meat Purposes.

A poultryman must think about
many things If he wishes to get his
pullets in condition for a good total
years lay.
First, the pullets should be handled
and graded into four classes good,
medium, poor and culls. The culls
and poor birds should be sold for
meat purposes. "A pullet five months
old, weighing less than three pounds,
loose feathered and weak, is consid-
cred poor or a Gull.
The next step is to grade and house
the good and medium classes accord
ing to size and maturity rather than
age This will prevent a mott and
will make feeding more efficient.
Every bird should be treated with a
good lice killer A thorough cleaning
and embarrassing should be given to
all the pens. All leaks in the roof
should be mended and the floors made
dry Straw should cover the floors to
a depth of six inches. After the pull
lets are penned they should not be al
low ed out of doors until late in the
sp- ing.
Do not put more pullets in a pen
than the roost and floor space can ac-
commodate. Keep the house well open
on the front, but have the sides and
back tight against drafts. Use cur
tains on the windows when freezing
weather begins.
PullAts rnnuire 70 mounds Of scratch
feed a day per hundred birds. This
should be made of equal parts of
cracked corn and wheat. If artificial
lights are used, then IA pounds of
scratch feed should be fed each day.
Mash should be available to the birds
at all times. Do not allow the pull
let's to lay more than so per cent OF
normal production for the next few
months.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
he rows of yellOwed leaves and black

the rows Of yellowed leaves and black,
ened heads. Then he took another,
and pointed. Hansche took long one
and got an eyeful. They went over to
see If one had seen what the other
saw.
1.-THE thing that had excited their
wonder was cabbage healthy, up
standing cabbage there in the midst
of the plague stricken thousands OF
other sick heads. 1t was wonder,
and they stood and marveled at the
luck, hardihood or whatever it was,
that had brought this head through
the season safely"
But right at the time Jones was
thinking of the freedom from small
pox, diphtheria and other human dis
eases that the antitoxins have brought
to our race. what If the same law
could be made to work among sick
cabbage?" he asked.
Resistant Was the Result.
At his suggestion this single sturdy
cabbage was taken up and stored
away LUZ OApCI1uC1AL "A 1O4S OCAAOc
Of tests and experiments followed,
some disheartening, others discourag-
ing, but the best test Of an experiment
is that it works. The experiment of
Jones and the southeastern Wisconsin
truck growers worked and a ''yellows-
resistant" cabbage was, as Swingle
says, the result Of this experimental
work. Growers from other states be-
gan to hear of the modern miracle Of
the cabbage field and inquiries began
pouring in for seed from the new
strain Of cabbage.
So insistent was the call that the
early supplies of seed were precious.
It was parceled out by ounces and
fractions of an ounce, and new
business was born.
Jones was called by the United
States Department Of Agriculture to
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Roofing Suggested for
State HIGHWAYS in Iowa

A serio-comic purpose seems to
have been behind bill in Iowa which
proposed to roof the state highways.
The sponsor of the bill supported it in
speech in which it was argued that
the sun and rains of the warm months
and the snow and cold of the winter
months subjected the highways to
such changes as made it physically
impossible for them to stand the
strain. 1t was suggested that the cost
of the roofing would be less than the
rebuilding of the roads. Not enough
Legislators were impressed and the
measure died.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Hog Cholera Is
More Prevalent
Many Farmers Failed to I'm
munize Herds-Incorrect
Diagnoses Made.


prepared by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture.)
Reports received from various sec
lions of the country by the United
States Department of Agriculture in
dictate that hog cholera is becoming
more prevalent than in any year since
the decline of the last extensive out
break, which reached it's height in
1914.
During the spring and early sum-
mer isolated outbreaks appeared here
and there in various states. Owing to
the comparative freedom of most
states from cholera, the expense of
procuring serum, virus and veterinary
service, the high price Of corn and the
seemingly low price of hogs, many
farmers failed to have their herds inn
munized last spring as consequence
there is in the country an unusually
large proportion of susceptible ami
mails. Reports show that cholera has
appeared recently in communities
which have been free Of this disease
for % years. In many localities it
gained considerable Roadway before
hog raisers realized the real nature
of the trouble. In too many instances
the disease was diagnosed as hemor-
rhagic sepicemia, influenza, indiges-
ton or some other trouble than
cholera.
Breeders Confused.
The large amount of advertising lit
erature sent out by commercial con-
Germs supplying hog remedies has had
the effect of producing much doubt
and confusion among swine growers
in regarl to the diseases of swine, and
also considerable indecisiOn among
veterinary practitioners in some sec
lions in regard to diagnosis. No doubt
many herds in which breaks" oc-
Cured this fall have been allowed to-
die from hog cholera because veteri-
to diagnose cholera in herds which
had previously received the Simultane-
Gus treatment Bureau veterinarians
who are cooperating with the state
authorities and devoting their entire
time to hog-cholera work often have
difficulty in convincing farmers that
the disease from which their hogs are
dying is hog cholera instead of worms,
Indigestion, hamOrrhagic Septicemia,
mixed Infection" or some other dis
ease concerning which they had OBJ
tanned information from advertising
aterature.
Continues Great Menace.
notwithstanding all that has been
said ~ other swine diseases, hog chol-
era costumes to be the greatest mem
ace to the swine industry Of this
country and both hog producers and
veterinary practitioners should keep
this in mind. The active virus of
cholera is present in the country con-
tinuously and it is not safe when one
or more hogs in herd get sick to de-
lay from day to day in seeking as
sistance in the hope that the condi-
ton may disappear. Most of the
losses this fall were due to the neglect
Of farmers to call their veterinarians
In time to administer the preventive
treatment before the infection had
had time to reach all Of the swine in
the herd. Remember that the serum
treatment is preventive and not a
cure Unless hog owners and vet
Urinary practitioners are on the alert
and act promptly, the losses will be
unusually heavy this winter.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
To Prevent tuberculosis
Clean IJp All Grade Cows

There is tendency among dairy
men," says @. S. Rhode, dairy extern
sion, University of Illinois, "and espe-
cially among the members of COW test
ing associations, to get started with
pure breds. This is a good practice
and the good dairymen should be en-
couraged to do so. However, before
the dairymen invest IN pure breds, it
is wise to clean up the grade herds
that the pure breds are going into.
It will be much easier to send few
grade cows to the butcher now than to
send the good pure breds later on. If
you clean up now and demand clean
animals when you buy, your losses
from tuberculosis will be reduced to
the minimum"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03

assist in the war against cabbage gel
lows and black rot in other states
where the trouble was worst. r. e.
Vaughan took up the work in Wiscon-
sin in his absence and carried it for
ward with the aid Of growers in Ra-
cine and Kenosha counties.
1t developed that while yelIows-re-
sistant varieties must be tested out on
''sick' soils, infested with the germs
of the disease, they may be taken to
another locality for the following
year. This Is being done, and seed
production on a more extensive scale
can thus be carried on.
This accounts for the growing Of
seed on such large scale that there
can now be shown for the first time
the picture of a cabbage threshing
scene. A 32-inch separator of Wis
consin make is operated by tractor
for threshing and cleaning seed
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Immense Loss of Swine
From Cholera Last Year

Approximately per cent of the hogs
on farms in the United States died of
hog cholera last year This estimate
is made by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year
ending June 30. Losses were heavi-
est in Iowa, Nebraska, Indiana, Mis-
souri,, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia, Mime
sofa and South Dakota, in the order
named. Each of these states lost more
than 100000 head of swine from the
disease during the year.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Pure Bred Sires
Gaining Roadway
Twelve Thousand Farmers
Now Pledged to Use Only
Improved Stock.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricuture.)
Farmers who have joined the "Bet-,
ter Sires- Better Stock" campaign, and
by so doing pledged themselves to use
only pure bred sires of any kind on
their farms, now number more than
1900, according to the latest figures
published by the United States De
partment of Agriculture. This cam
paign was begun by various states
and the department four years ago
and has been gaining Roadway ever.
since. During the sixteenth quarter of
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03
Compactly Built Lambs
Command Highest Price

A prime fat lamb weighing 80
pounds commands the highest market
price.r The blocky, compactly built,
lamb is the one that will make the
most desirable finished lamb in the
shortest time. Whole barley, kafir,
milo, feterita, and shelled corn have
practically the same feeding value
pound for pound for fattening.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-03

a small prop with a string attached to
it used at night. The string led away
to a distant window so that the poul-
tryman could pull it without entering
the poultry house and disturbing the
rats. A yank at the string let the
cover drop and trapped the rats in
side. Then, by beating on the cover
with stick, the rats were made to
run through the hole, down the pipe,
and into the bag, where a few blows
killed them. AS long as the hens ate
from the feeder the rats never seemed
suspicious Harris Hiscock, Ska
neateles, N. T., in Popular Mechanics
Monthly