Evening star., 1924-06-13
, HUMAN FACTOR BARS
USE OF MACHINERY
Hungarian Farm Owners Have
Work Done by Hand to Avert
Unemployment.
FUEL COST ALSO HANDICAP
Shortage of Live Stock Is Reflected
iu Cereals.
FUEL COST ALSO HANDICAP
BY A. IL. DECKER,

Correspondence of The star and Chicago Daily
News.
BUDAPEST. Hungary, April Ia
Hungary is traversing Il period which
recalls the smashing of machines by
workmen who thought the use of ma
chinery would rob them of their bread
Hungary is a land Of farms. mostly
large estates. There is surplus of
labor. The farming methods are primi-
tive. Whole families. indeed entire viii
Iages, desert their homes during the
day in the summer time to till the
soil by hand. 1t is no uncommon sight
to see plows and harrows drawn by
hand.
Men, women. boys and girls all work
in the fields. The children do not like
10 attend school and are not forced TO
learn. Their wants are few and life
as II is known on American farms is
not to he found in this country. Dur
Ing the long winter months after the
lS planted in the fall-the peasants
hibernate unlil the snow meltS and the
SOIL is dry enough to be worked
Many OF the owners of large estates
would like to use machines. Indeed
many OF them have modern equipment
petter, quicker and with less risk. But
thht would throw many of the peasants
out OF work. This was The situation
at the last harvest. when the peasants
declared, Use the machines if you
wish, but then You must feed IS +.
the estate owners did not consider il
advisable to establish the precedent of
Ieeulhg the peasants without having
them work. the machines were moi
used '''
HiEh-Priced Fuel IA Drawback.
The policy of restrictions and lin
lteu production does not permit of in
creaSlng the wheat acreage and thuS
employing all the farm labor. How
ever. IT is hoped that under the sys-
tenn OF Tree trade to be established
next August production Will be in
Another cause of the railur.. to rsa
nldchinerY is the high price of flIeI
y lt" rtilneries have had almost a
Ih"h"poiN on the combustible for trac-
LOTS. HuhSarians say that it would
-, thraptr To use tractors than so
nuch labor. Social conditions. how
ever. require the employment of men
anu women rather than machines
mere are several farm machinery
pants IN Hungary. but the fact that
tne tlfhe does not seem opportune for
ahanIonlnent Of it's factory hv an
American company
Live stock Quality Coed.
:. Although the quality of Hungarv's
HN" S1och is good. it is deficient in
Quantity. When the Czechs Serbs
aud particularly. the Rumanians r..
urea aftIr tn. occupation they took
with them al! the live stock and ma
chinrrN possible. Owing to bad eco
n"mIc conditions this stock has mot
been Restored | am told that the
STOCK IS now back to about the point
to which it was increased lust after
the war and the communists SCI ized
power.
Tn" shortage of breeding stock and
machinery has had u direct result on
the production of cereals SO it can
safely be said that Hungary has lost
hNe years of farm aevt loprnent Not
ali Of the lost time was berause of the
war and the invasion. MANY claim
that the attitude of different interests
has been partly to blame. A policy of
pate rnhl control has been In force and
II - doubtful if it has attained it's
end. Thcr" has been and still is in
force ahsoiut" goverriue ntal control
under whi,'h farm products cannot b..
exported without permits and in most
cases only after paying an export tax
The dNow"d reason Of this IS to
keen the hom" prices w;-1in the ra;i N
O. he masses. in reality il curtaiicd
production. aud. as one senator stated.
II encouraged 2ra.J Eventua .lv
prices rose internally as the crown
decreased in value: producers sought
more and more to. sell abroad for bet