davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-11-10
SLEEP OBTAINED
 BY MRS. HARDING
Rests During Day After Poor
 Night, Says Bulletin
lRx Associated Press. ]

MARION, Ohio., Nov. 9.-Mrs. War ren G. Harding's condition remains un- changed, bulletin issued from White Oaks farm announced tonight. Her physician, Dr. Carl W. Sawyer, son of the late Brigadier General Sawyer, stat ed she rested poorly last night" but has slept some today.
 The bulletin follows:
 "There has been no change in Mrs. Hardings condition during the last A hours. She rested poorly last night but has slept some today.
 "(Signed)
 CARL W. SAWYER, M. D."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-11-10
PLAGUE SITUATION
 IS UNDER CONTROL
Fatalities Since Los Angeles Out
 break Total 30
lRx Associated Press. ]

LOS ANGELES, Nov. 9.-The pneu- monic plague situation in Los Angeles remains very favorable, it was an nounced today by Dr. w. NJ. Dickie, secretary of the state board of health and head of the anti-plague committee, there having been no new deaths since November z and no> new cases since November 6.
 Slice the outbreak of the epidemic in the Mexican quarter last month 36 persons have been found suffering from the disease and of these all but six have died.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-11-10
THE WEATHER

5,amn,a: Fair Monday; Tuesday it. casing clOudiness.
 Tennessee: Fair.
 Georgia: Partly cloudy. Mississippi: Fair.
 (COu'plete weather data Is on page
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Two Problems Confront Radio,
Advertising and Program Cost

turn the dials to tune it out. 1t Is
the opinion of some that radio listen
ers would have no objection TO a radio
announcer saying: This is Station
N.Y. broadeasting dance music under
the auspices of the Abe manufacture
ing Company as advertising" Such
an announcement several times during
an hour concert of good music might
not be Objectionable and the announce
nent that it was advertising would not
deceive the public. If the musical
attraction did not offset the advertis-
ing announcement, slight twist Oi
the dials would bring in some other
of the $50 stations likely to be ION
the air." There is an element of en-
tertainment in radio which is not pos
sessed by billboard, and through
such a factor cleverly arranged, con-
certs may be made TO serve as Sin
visible billboards.'
One of the most perplexing Ques-
lions in radio is. "Who is TO pay fer
broadcasting?" In an effort to solve
the problem the American Radio As
ISOLATION has offered a prize of $500
for the best answer TO that question.
Some who have studied the situation
believe that one way of making radio
pay is to radate advertising. which
will not be Objectionable or impose on
the public. but instead entertain them.
1t is likely that some of the plans
submitted TO the American Radio As
ISOLATION will attempt to solve the
problem of using "invisible billboards"
as means of maxim. broadcastiag
profitable.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
RULES ARE GIVEN TO
GET BEST RECEPTION
FROM RECEIVING SET
Tubes and Batteries Re.
quire Constant Attention
for Best Results.

Possibly the most common source Of
trouble in homemade radio receiving
sets is the corrosion due TO using
acid soldering paste and the conse-
Quent leakage Of or resistance to the
very weak radio currents. When
building set never use acid; use
resin. Resin will not corrode and
while it is more difficult TO handle,
elimination of future trouble will
more than justify its use.
If your set is already built, but
isn't performing as well as it has
been there are certain items that
would be. well to check. For in
stance, the lead contacts on the tube
prongs will corrode. 1t is advisable
to remove your tubes frequently and
clean the end of the prongs with fine
sandpaper. Manufacturers are now
devoting much attention to the de-
velopment of side wipe contact
springs.
Another source Of loss Of signal
strength lies in lightning arresters.
These are usually out doors and be-
come covered with dirt or SCOT. SCOT
by the way. is what grid leaks arc
made Of, and SCOT on lightning ar
roster makes possible the leakage OF
radio current direct to the ground in
stead of into your set. Your lightn-
ming arrester should be cleaned often.
Watch your ground connection. See
that it is clean and makes good con-
tact.
When sets become noisy look at
the storage battery connections.
These have n habit of collecting n
coating Of green corrosion. Clean
your clips in solution of hot water
and common kitchen soda. Scrape the
battery posts and cover with light
coat of vaseline.
Always remove aerial and ground
before trying to locate set noises. II
cleaning storage battery connections
doesn't remedy the trouble there are
undoubtedly loose contacts or poor
connections in your "B" batteries
If noises persist after Tightening all
connections test your batteries. Don't
try to use ''B" battery that tests
below 16 or II volts.
Amplifier tubes sometimes 60
soft, that is they lose their high
degree of vacuum and distortion is
result.
Ofte namateurs find their regenera-
tive sets fail to operate properly.
Nearly always n fixed condenser of
about .002 Mi capacity shuntcd
across the first transformer or the
head phones will remedy the trou-
bic.
Many times regenerative sets do
not bring in DIX Qong distance
merely because the grid leak is not
Of the proper value. The detector
starts TO oscillate all Mt once instead
of gradually. This condition can be
remedied by trying different values
of grid leaks until the right resist.
ance is found.
A regenerative set will cause inter
ference whenever the operator is able
to hear beat notes. but if the carrier
wave is heard only rs kissing
sound, no Interference will result.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
HEARS PROGRAM ON !
DIFFERENT WAVES :
FROM SIX STATIONS
Fan in Cuba Reports Un-
usual Experience on a
Test Broadcast.

When radio engineers conceived the
idea Of linking together by radio six
powerful broadcasting stations to sim
ultaneously reach an audience APP
preaching fifty million in num-
with the same program, little did they
realize that certain persons, favorably
situated, would be able to hear all six
stations in the 1000 mile "chain."
Successful reception from the six
stations is the claim of Frank H
Jones, however, owner of station 8
XIV in far away, Tuinuca, Cuba the
night Of March q, when the annual
alumni dinner of the Massachusetts,
Institution of Technology Society
was being broadcast by stations
WIZ, at New York City. wGY. at
Schenectady, and rebroadcast after
the program was extricated from the
air by sensitive receivers at four
other stations. KDKA, Pittsburg.
Pa, XXX. Hastings, Neb.. KGO,
Oakland. Cal, and 2 AC, Manches-
ter. England.
Broadcasting stations always find
many interesting and revealing lets
tiers in the mail after such an unusu-
al experiment but the experiences Mr..
Jones relates in a letter to General
Harbord, president of the Radio Cor
poration of America, and one Of the
principal speakers on the program
that night, is unique and extraordi-
nary.
Mr.. Jones reported using two re-
ceiving sets, one for waves between
300 meters and 500 meters, and a
shorter wave set to receive on wave-
lengths between so meters and 300
meters. Both are untuned radio fire.
quency sets. the longer wave set
working on loop, while the short
wave set picks up the signals upon
a 30 foot indoor antenna.
Excerpts from the letter follow:
Il was first listening in. on
KDkAs 100 meter wave and heard
the announcement about broadcast Of
meeting OF Massachusetts, Institute
of Technology from n. Y. i then
checked them on their SO meter
wave. In going back to their 100
meter wave l ran into WGY &C
about 105 meters with the same broad
cast. much to my surprise. / then
checked WGY on their $50 meter
wave and had the proceedings COM
ing out of two loud speakers at the
same time. one from WGY on $50
and the other from WGY on 105
meters.-
81 then did the eame stunt
with KDKA's two waves. Then put
KFKX and KDKA together. I then
got KGO on the loop.
Il kept both loud speakers go
ing on all the combinations ! could
think Of"
Il tried to get London but
failed as another station was on his
wave, coming in like ton Of
bricks"
in the scale from 100 meters to
ASS meters. Mr.. Jones heard the
same program on seven different
wave lengths.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

cannot be used effectively with this
circuit.
In winding the antenna inductance
of bus wire, eight turns around and
parallel to the primary, four on each
side, would be sufficient to act as a
virtual wave-trap against oscillation of
the set. 1t also sharpens reception
considerably.
The variometer can be OF any
standard make, reception being de-
pendent on n perfect instrument. \
vernier on the variometer would help
critical adjustment. A vernier ad-
justed rheostat also helps.
The Il battery voltage is % IL. The
tube may be a UV200 or C300.
To operate the set:
Insert the vacuum tube, connect
the batteries and turn the rheostat
until a kissing or frying noise is
heard in the telephones.
Set the variometer at zero and
turn the condenser knob gradually
until signal is heard. Then adjust
the variometer until maximum signal
strength is obtained.
Even with the extra inductance
coil, it is essential that the set be
kept from bowling. The coil prevents
radiation. but it is not fool proof. III
bowling is heard, turn back the rheo-
stat slightly. or readjust the variable
condenser. until the noise dies out.
The best adjustment is just at the
point before bowling sets in.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Protest Is Made Against
Using the Air for Adver-
Using Purposes to Defray
Cost Of Programs.

Radio advertising is one OF the
greatest problems now before the
broadcasting companies and the radio
fans and is arousins much discussion
together with the question. who shall
pay for broadcasting?" The Ameri-
can Radio Association has taken ur
both problems and last week called
upon the Advertising Clubs to aid in
the fight to free the air of advertising.
Representative Emanuel Celler of
New York, has proposed stricter regu-
lation of broadcasting on the basis
that the educational and entertaining
function of radio requires protection
from commercial attempts to make
the ether a worldwide advertising me-
dium.
DIR. Lee de Forest. inventor of tn,
audion, recently criticized the prac-
tice OF using Hertzian waves to carry
advertising material. He said that it
would be expensive in the end be-
cause it would depreciate the value
and interest in radio and eventually
result in restricted sale of receiving
sets.
Should Be Labeled.
Attention has been called to the
fact that it is illegal for magazines
and newspapers to publish advertise
ments without letting their readers
know that the matter is paid adver-
Using. Some are of the opinion that
this law, adopted to avoid public i'm
position and deception, should be ex-
tended to protect the broadcast list
ener.
1t is claimed by radio stations send
ing out advertising material that it is
I merely an experiment to determine
some of the controlling factors in
broadcasting. Program directors of
such stations say that there is no large
profit made from radiating advertiS-
ing and that the revenue does not
even pay the operating expenses of
the stations.
A radio program OF advertising ma
terial can be made more entertaining
to a radio listener than a billboard
can be made TO entertain a passing
motorist. Some advertising by radio
in the form of dance orchestra.
popular songs and informative talks
are enjoyed by great number Of
radio auditors according TO letters re-
ceiyed at the broadcasting stations.
One of the records in mail at one sta
ton was the result Of ten.minute
advertising talk, which brought 1000
letters.
The question is how much advertis-
ing listeners will stand before they
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

Manhattan. Kan, April 5.--F0r-
mers throughout the United States
and Canada are going to college-bJ
radio .....,
Not just sitting down evenings
and listening in on agricultural talks
from authorities speaking at lrregu..
lar intervals through ell sort of
broadcasting stations. But actually
participating in set courses, five nights
week, with prospects of being gradu-
ated after taking examinations.
One of the principal institutions
broadcasting such courses for farmers
is the Kansas State Agricultural Col
lege here. More than 1000 farmers
have actually enrolled in its school
of the air"-filled out an enrolment
card and sent it in. Inestimabie
thousands more, says Sam Pickard,
in charge of the school, are attend
ing" without having been enrolled.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Listening In

Test all connections regularly for
looseness or breaks.
A bit of solder and touch Of flux
make the best connection.
Radio dates back TO the discoveries
of Heinrich Hertz, the German scien-
fist. about 1887.
Sixteen stations in the United
States now broadcast on battery power
alone.
Debating by radio from one CONT
nent to another may come sooner than
expected.
Fifty million dollars will be spent
for vacuum tubes alone in 1924, esti-
mates Roger w. Babson, economist.
For every dollar spent on furniture
in the United States, 80 cents is spent
on radio.
Use low ratio transformers for good
clear reception with the least fistor-
ton.
Station voc. Davenport, Iowa, has
found its broadcasting OF police re-
ports successful.
American Radio Association, New
York, will give $500 for the best an
'swer to the question, who is to pay
for broadcasting"
New York is to get the 1000-wat,
broadcasting apparatus now Mt Rio
Janiero for the Brazilian Centennial
Exposition.
1t takes .O5i Of a second for radio
impulse to travel the $500 miles from
New Brunswick, n. j., to Warsaw,
Poland. =
Radio fans in Belgium are getting
first-rate concerts from the Brussels
broadcasting station, the only one in
the country.
No use printing a hook-up OF the
new harmonic. super-heterodyne de-
signed by Maj. Il. $. Armstrong. be-
cause it's too complicated, he says.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

cultural college is W. A. Jardine.
president of the college. He pointed
out that of the millions of persons
living in the country, only 10000 arc
enrolled in agricultural colleges. He
saw what a wonderful opportunity
radio afforded farmers and the CO..
leges. SO he started the radio course
Diploma Given to Graduates.
"The unlimited possibilities of IA
do in its new mission" he believes,
"will make it a real necessity in the
economic, spiritual and intellectual
life of the communities.
At the end of the course. each stu
dent gets diploma" certifying 70
the subjects, TO which he had listened
in and which he had passed salts
factorily after examination.
The school is only less than two
months old. yet scores of applica-
tons are coming in regularly.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
4DX' FANS IN
| EUROPE At A
| DISADVANTAGE
Too Many Languages to
Make Long Distance
Broadcasting Popular.
SOLUTION is SOUGHT
An International Tongue Is
Urged for Use Of the
Radio Fans.
SOLUTION IS SOUGHT
BY ISRAEL KLEIN.

Long distance radio broadcasting in
Europe is not as popular with the
fans there as it is in this country, fol-
one significant reason:
The variety of languages.
All of Europe can be placed neatly
Inside the boundaries of the United
States and the Province of Ontario
Canada. Yet the people on that CONT
hent speak 60 distinct languages. tc
the one spread over the entire North
American continent!
The difficulty of understanding q
long distance broadcast program, ex'
cept music, is apparent. Even were
all restrictions and limitations or
radio broadcasting and receiving nov
existent in Europe removed; with
everyone as wild about radio as we
are in this country, European fans
would still be faced by the uselessness
bf listening in on lecture or other
talk they could not understand.
Local Areas Are Small.
Every nationality. except the Rus
sian. is confined within an area which
I'VE may safely term local, so far as
broadcasting is concerned. One sta
lion for each country would be almost
enough to satisfy all the fans
In England, where there are more
they interlock regionally. as do many
heighboring stations in this country.
Yet that human desire to reach out
beyond ones limits has seized Euro
pean radio amateurs to the extent that
hey have given greater impetus to the
movement for an international Ian
kuage.
Numerous international language
ado societies are being formed by the
European amateurs, who are con-
Finced some new and simple means Of
Communication should be adopted fol
heir On. or long distance, work. j
3 not so much campaign for a uni
versal language, like the effort tC
adopt Esperanto or lido throughout
he world. rs it is a movement to per.
feet an auxiliary international Ian
suage.
Start Made by Societies.
The national languages may remain
But the European amateurs and other
-adio fans are seeking a language fol
ong distance communication.
European radio amateur societies
ire already proceeding along this line
They have begun to formulate Ian
Euage which they call lido" although
I is not the lido suggested as uni
rersal language. Its original name
vas "Ilo," from the initials of Interna-
ional Language" with an 20" sisni-
wing it is singular noun.
This '1do" is based principally on
600 roots taken from six most
popular and varying languages, with
ONE from other languages.
Perhaps, when international and
rams oceanic broadcasting becomes
popular, American fans also will have
D adopt this language.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

The college broadcasts its courses
through station KFKB at Milford,
81 miles from here. The lectures,
delivered at microphone in the col
lege auditorium, are sent by line TO
the Milford station for broadcasting.
Subjects Taught BY Air.
The lecturers are college professors
and experts in their fields. No tut
ton is charged. no fees are taken for
enrolment and examination at the
end of the course is optional. The
lectures. given from Z to S each even
ing. except Saturday and Sunday.
include:
Monday: Poultry.
Tuesday: Livestock.
Wednesday: Crops. Trucks. Soils.
Thursday: Agricultural Economics
and Engineering.
Friday: Home Economics.
The man back of this radio-agri-
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
BY ISRAEL KLEIN

BY ISRAEL KLEIN
A single circuit receiver that will
not re-radiate?
Convert it into a three-circuit tun-
or. It's easy.
Sounds like a freak. but it isn't.
It's good, workable single-tube
set, with just as good results as the
regenerating variety, yet keeping the
circuit from feeding back directly into
the antenna.
This effect is brought about by the
simple expedient of disconnecting
the antenna from the primary induc-
lance ard installing an intermediary
inductance Of about eight turns of
bus bar.
Even where this is not used, how
ever, extreme care in tuning could
keep the tube from oscillating anil
prevent interference with surrounding
sets.
The parts for this set include;
l barometer
l 23-plate variable condenser
1 .00025 grid condenser and leak
vacuum tube socket
l rhecstat--6 ohms
/ panel z by IL inches
/ Dashboard G by IL inches
% feet bus bar
l phone jack
6 binding posts.
This, beside the regular equipment
Of vacuum tube, dry and storage bat
teries and phones. Loud speaker
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Spanish Program.

Station kDKA, Pittsburg, in its
efforts TO reach out beyond the bounds
of the United States, is preparing spe-
cial programs for other countries.
Thus. for instance. special program
for Spanish speaking people in Mex
leo, Central and South America-has
been arranged. 1t may become reg
ular institution.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Popular on Farms.

Illinois Agricultural Association re-
ports that more than 10000 families
on farms in 73 counties of the state
have receiving sets. The survey seems
to show that between Z and 10 per
cent of the states rural population
have receiving sets.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Radio QUESTIONABLE.

The idea of broadcasting questions
by radio, for the listener to answer to
himself, has become n popular weekly
event for WIZ, New York. Questions
of varied popular interest are asked
thirty-second wait allows the listen
er to try answering it. and then the
correct answer is broadcast.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

"Well. Sam, what crime did you
commit TO be put in overalls and UNI
der guard?"
"kh went on a furlong, sah."
"You mean you went on fur'
lough.'
NO. boss, it was sho-nuff fur,
long. All went too fur and All stage
too long"
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Costly Broadcasting.

Tune in for WEAF, New York,
and you will more than likely hear.
a solo, lecture or concert that costs
its originators $40 minute to
broadcast. This is the only station
in the country through which adj
vertisers are permitted to broadcast
at that rate.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Amateur Record.

Transatlantic amateur communica-
ton is an accomplished fact, reports
the American Radio Relay League.
Last January an amateur in West
Hartford, Conn. and one in Nice.
France, spoke to each other for two
hours.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Religion By Radio.

The International Bible Students
Association Of Brooklyn. n. Y. is
going into the radio broadcastinf
field to transmit not only Bible talks
and lessns, but educational and
other helpful features. 1t will have
two equipments. one in Glass A. to
be station WBBR. and the other in
Class b, not vet named.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Radio For Charity.

Poor children of Detroit. recently
we're converted TO radio without cost.
\ Detroit radio manufacturer fur
Sished each with a small radio set,
! God enough to receive local concerts.
they were already so tuned that they
eeded no adjustment.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Ouife RIGHT Too.


willie" asked the teacher OF a
new pupil, do you know your alpha
bet?"
Eyes. miss" answered Willie.
"Well. Them" continued the teach
er. "what letter comes after A."
~All the rest of them ~ was Willie's
triumphant reply.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
Hearty applause"

A single nights program BY
WAX, Cleveland. brought in more
applause than any large theater in
the country can give in one night
The operators counted $500 letters
of appreciation for a single night re-
Gently.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
SingularIy E1aYOred.

Superintendent lat penitentiary)--
1t is our practice to let a prisoner
work at the same trade in here as ne
did outside. Now what is your trade:
Prisoner Please, sir, l was a
travelling salesman.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
LIN ALI Nirllf

WHB. Kansas City. again stayed up
all night, for the second time. The
occasion. was the second annual all
night international program, when
broadcasting was continued from Z
in the evening until $3.50 the next
morning.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06
WGY Heard Outside.

Station WGY in Schenectady is
looking beyond the borders of the
United States and Canada for. rec
ords. It reports having been heard
in Lisbon, Scotland, South Africa
and other distant points, recently.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1924-04-06

Nearly 1900 fans listened in for two
steady hours. on WAX. Cleveland.
recently to report the two-hour pro-
gram and participate in the contest
for three best reports Entries came
in from as far as Winthrop, Maine,
and Garrochales, Porto Rico.