davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24
The Cost of a Car
is mo measure of its valMe
These are the things to consider

gineers, with our wealth of ex-
perience, we probably know what is
best.
We use IS formulas for steels.
Each is best suited to certain parts,
as proved by years of tests.
On some steels we pay the makers
bonus of 1870 to get them exactly
right. There is no room to excel us
there.
X X
We machine the entire surface of
each crank shaft, as was done on
Liberty Airplane Motors. That ex-
ira cost is heavy. But thus we get
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24
Just Go and See

Studebaker is today the leader in the
hne-car field.
Studebaker builds more quality cars than
any other concern in the world.
Buyers of fine cars last year spent over
100000 900 for Studebaker models.
The demand for Studebakers has almost
trebled in three years as people found
them out.
Then go see them. Compare them with
any car you will. Don't spend $1,000 or
over without knowing what Studebaker
offers You owe that to yourself.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24
Nothing is Stinted

Consider Studebaker records. Mark
how these cars in service have null
tiplied demand, until people last year
paid $20o,0o0,0O0 for Studebaker
cars.
u
Consider their service records.
One Studebaker car, built in 1918,
has run 475,000 miles. 1t is still in
active service. 1t lately made a mid
winter trip from Los Angeles to New
York. That means 80 years of aver
age service, of 5000 miles per year.
What more can you dream of in
a motor car than the Studebakers
offer?
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24
NORTH FAIRFIELD

J. NJ. Clifford returned Thursday
from Bowdoinham where he had been
visiting relatives.
Mrs. Raymond Trip and two chill
dren Elizabeth and Jenice of North
New Portland are visiting her par
ents Mr. and Mrs Oliver Hall
Llewellyn Clifford who is seriously
i'll with pneumonia was taken to Elm
City hospital. sunday.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24

eT<IIE cost of a car depends in large
part on volume and efficiency.
l. It is no criterion of value.
Studebaker busds 100000 fine cars
yearly. All of them are Skies. The
main costs are divided by that enor-
nous output. Thus at prices OF 1915
and:upcwe offer the utmost in quality.
We offer maximum values.
Don't judge these cars by prices.
Under other conditions they might
cost twice as much, yet offer less than
these.
Some major costs
Quality cars require costly facili-
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24

atoms, including IS coats of paint
and varnish.
Open cars have real leather
cushions. They cost, over imitation
leather, about SIS per car.
No closed cars could be more luxu-
rious. That lining of Chase Mohair
is made from the soft fleece of An
CORA goats. A velour lining would
save about two-thirds that cost-up
to 500 per car.
Note how every detail denotes in
finite care. That, as you know, is
expensive.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24

1t makes 100000 tests, per year to
maintain our standards.
Our Bureau. of Methods and
Standards fixes the requirements for
every part and detail. $4,000 inspec-
tions are necessary for each car to
insure against flaws and mistakes.
We employ 900 men to make them.
Cars, like the Studebakers cannot
be built without such facilities, such
research, such care. Yet enormous
output alone makes them possible at
Studebaker prices.
The best ne kgow
Studebakers represent the best we
know And with our army OF en-
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24

Note the completeness
of our larger models. The
nickel plated bumpers,
extra disc wheels with
cord tires, a steel trunk,
a courtesy light. These
are rare extras even on
the costliest cars.
Nothing is Stinted
Compare part by part
with any rival cars.
Stude baker will show
you some scores of adj
vantages.
Then consider Stude-
baker history. For II
years this name has stood
for quality. When peo-
pie rode in carriages,
Studebaker built the
best. Now those same
traditions are applied to
motor cars alone
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1924-01-24

1eS. 0Iu q cUdkcI NOS
$4,000, 900 invested in
modern plants and equip
ment. $4,000, 900 in drop
forge plants alone. $1o.-
100000 in body plants,
to carry out the Stude-
baker standards.
There are 1880 up
to-date mac hines en-
ployed to build these
cars. Some are enor-
mously expensive.
Few outputs justify
such facilities. Then
parts must be bought out
side, and profits paid to,
others.
y 4 n
Studebaker engineer
ing, costs $500,000. per
year. That to us is 1888
per car.
Our Department of Re-
search and Experiment
EMPLOYS IFS skilled, men.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
TO SET CHARGES
 OF RADIO COMBINE
Department Of Justice Will
 Seek Further Facts

WASHINGTON, Aug. 1.-Reeent findings of the federal trade commis- sion alleging that a monopoly exists among certain radio companies have led the Sherman law section, of the de- partment of justice to determine upon "a further investigation foF. additional facts"
 Whether Attorney General Stone has decided to bring antitrust law action against these or other radio equipment manufacturers and distributors has not been known, but officials Of the depart ment are understood to be of the opinion that some companies are involved in an greement affecting selling prices. They have not been willing to say, however, whether the companies they have in mind are those cited by the trade commission, which included the Radio Corporation of America, General Elec- tric, Westinghouse. Western Electric and International Radia companies. and the United Fruit and Wireless
 s5heciaity.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
ALLIES FIND LONE HITCH IN ACCORD Final Point Involving The French Plan Is
 Near Solution BANKERS EXPECTED TO AGREE TO PLAN $2OO,OOO,OOO Loan To Ger many Is Believed To
 Be Insured TEUTONS ARE DUE IN LONDON TUESDAY Formal Invitation Expected To. Be Forwarded To Berlin
 Saturday
BANKERS EXPECTED
 TO AGREE TO PLAN
TEUTONS ARE DUE
 IN LONDON TUESDAY
By CHARLES M. MCANN (By Leased Wire to Age-Herald)

LONDON, Aug. 1.-After a day and an evening of strenuous argument, the leaders of the allie reparations conference have brought the protocol on which the Dawes plan will be launched to a stage where it is :.ow believed that a complete accord rests merely on q formal agreement on one point.
 This point is expected to be set tied Saturday morning prior to the plenary session of the confer ence, which meets as 11:3Q and 1t is believed that Saturdays plenary session will send the delayed invI- tation to the German representa- tives to come to London.
 The French plan for breaking the deadlock, which has held up the confer ence since the international bankers demanded more adequate guarantees for the proposed German loan, has been amended extensively with the addition of many safeguards, except ons the sole point of transfers, which involves the delivery of German reLarations in kind.
 Hitch -s Cnimp0rtant
 The remaining n0int is whether the tissension of one or two members of the committee shall De necessary to make possible an appeal from tll eonas niittees secfsibn 70 brerhs such m accumulation Of payments in kind as might depress German and allied eur- rencies.
 The Frenes want ar appeal possible when but one member dissehts, while the British insist that two disSentees be necessary for such an appeal. The British members of the third committee, however, have intimated that they may accept the French view. In any event the appeal would go to the board of arbitration already provided for.
 Hold Night Session
 Consultations prt ceedeC. throughout the night in preparation for q meeting of the committeeman in the morning. The conferees were confident that they would be able to report an agreement to the plenary session, which would then adopt the French plan as amended, and immediately summon the Germans, who are expected to arrive Tuesday morn ing, 1t is not believed thas the Ger mans will leave before Monday because of the impending visit to Berlin of Secretary of State Hughes.of the United States.
 Leaders of the conference now be- lieve that the fact that the plan which
 fCoutInued on Page TwO.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
UIstef Fails To Act
WOULD SCRAP TREATY
Dali Leaders Would Break Pact With
 Ulster

DUBLIN, Aug. 1.-Opposition lead CTS in the Dali are demanding that fine Free State government scrap the Anglo Irish treaty and establish the Irish re- public.
 Patrick Johnson, leader of the la- bor group which is opposed to presi- dent Cosgraye's administration. declared m the Dail that the treaty has been violated by British failure to observe the delimitation of boundary clause Johnson denounced the ''treachery of the British government" and urged the Dali to reconstruct the Constitution which would mean disavowal of the treaty.
 President Cosgrave came to tbe da- lense Of the British signatories to the treaty and denied that there had been pad faith on the part of Britain. The rec state government has accepted the british explanation of the delay in full riiilng the boundary obligations, Cos grave announced.
 Bitter feeling against Ulster exists tnroughout southern Ireland. The boundary clauses of the treaty, if lived up 10 Dy Ulster, would considerably add to the territory and population of me Free State. In recent general cleo uons m some of the disputed areas the polls have shown that the ore, ponderance of the population is in sym pathy with the Free State and opposed to the Ulster government. Any plebis- cite probably would follow the trend of the electoral polling.
 Already Ulster has been reduced to six counties and cut off from the rich agricultural lands of the Free State Further looping from the Ulster do- main undoubtedly would work some hardship on the northern Irishmen, as complicated system of tariff duties has been erected on either side of fine Ulster-Fre State boundary. Ulster is an industrialized state and much of it's markets normally would lie in. south ern Ireland, It is Listers refusal to enlarge the Free State at her own expense that has created the present critical situation in London and in Dublin.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
AROUSED BY PROTESTS
 ON BARGE LINE
Ashburn Besieged By Ala bamians Urging Sepa-
 ration Plan
tWashington Bureau)

WASHINGTON, Aug. 1.-Sinee the publication in The Age-Herald last Sun day of the Washington bureau dispatch detailing the effort of Theodore Brent and certain industrial corporations of Birmingham to defeat the proposed sep eration of the Mississippi and Warrior river operations, the people have ap- parently become aroused to the situa- tion.'
 General T. O.. Ashburn. executive in charge of the corporation which controls inland navigation projects of the gov ernment, declared today that he re- ceived from Birmingham, Mobile and intermediary river points innumerable letters and telegrams advocating the proposed independence of the Warrior and urging that Gllged selfishness on the part of a fe corporations bv denied the right to throttle or otherwise con trol the Warrior project, referred to as ''the project of the people"
 Ashburn Is Hopeful
 By these communications General Ashburn declared he has been encOur- aged to renew his belief that Alabama is practically unanimous in desiring that the Warrior be operated q freely of the Mississippi Rs possible under the law. General Ashburn declared his be- lief, further, that when the advisory committee meets in Washington August 6 there will be no serious opposition, if any, to an immediate putting into et- feet of the order of separation.
 Committeeman Sanders of New Or leans, known to be in agreement with Brent in opposing the separation. has been asked to attend the meeting of the committee. If Sanders does not at tend, it is indicated that the vote of. the committee will be unanimous.
 Representative w. B. Oliver of Ala bama, who it. still in Washington, de- spite the errOre of Congress, regards 1t as significant that NJ, mphis and New Orleans, which had never previously displayed interest 'n the Warrior, are now animated by ke desir1 that the Warrior be kept attached to the Mis- sissippi.
 Formerly Considered Handicap
 It is pointed ou; that previous to the publication of the order of Separa- tion, Mississippi river adl erents, includ- ing New Orleans and Memphis, were wont to refer to the 'Tatrior as Mis- sissippi handicap. In the present, how ever, they take the sition that the Warrior is necessary to the Mississippi and the Mississippi. 'cessary to the Warrior. Mir. Oliver, while withholding a formal expression, is known to fear that the sudden affection" of the Mis- sissippi for the w rrior lnnot be en- tirely differentiated from selishness.
 Mir. Oli CT wa in consultation with General Ashburn today. In an inter- view subsequently he declared that the situation was satisfactory from the standpoint of the W, rr.or, and that General Ashburn was convinced thl original scheme of separation would be quickly made effective.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
WARREN ARRIVES
 IN WASHINGTON
Talks Over Matters With Cool
 idge And Harvey

WASHINGTON, Aug. Having reduced his engagements to a mini mum, President Coolidge again today spent all of his spare time on his noti- flea tion address.
 Charles B. Warren, retiring ambas- sador to Mexico, arrived for a several days visit, during which time he will formally tender his resignation. Inas- much as Mir Warren was chairman of the platform committee at the republi- can national convention, his visit at this time will give Mir. Coolidge op- portunity to consult with him regarding the notification address as related to to the party platform.
 George Harvey, former ambassador to Great Britain, who has visited the White House frequently within the past few weeks was guest with Mir. Warren at luncheon today5at the White litical question were touched upon. No other conferences of political nature were held today by Mir. Coolidge.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
PLIERS PREPARE
 TO MOVE GN TODAY
Observers Report Clearing
 Weather For Iceland Jump
lRv Associated Press. r

KIRKWALL, Scotland, Aug. 1.-It was believed tonight that Lieutenant Lowell Smith, lieutenant Leigh Wade and Lieutenant Erik Nelson, the Amer ican army world circling aviators would be able to hop off from Houton Bay to- morrow morning for their flight to Ice land. Weather conditions over the route to be traversed were reported tonight as improving.
 While the three army planes rested tonight on the waters of Houton Bay. reports were received from the torpedo boat destroyer Reid and Billingsleys ly- ing at their stations between the Ork- ney Islands and Iceland, indicating a general clearing up of the fog which has prevailed during the past three days and held the fliers here.
 Tbe aviators had conference this evening at which it was decided to start for Hornafjord at o'clock unless later weather conditions are received, making st0rt impraeticable.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
HUN WAR LORDS PREDICT RISE
 0F OLD IDEALS
Place In Sun Still Goal 10 Years After
 War
By ERIC KEYsER (By Leased Wire to Age.HeraIdl

BERLIN, Aug. 1.--Germany's for mer war lords still burn with the fire of patriotism. Ten years ago they were marshalling the kaiser's hosts for the invasion of Belgium and France. On the tenth anniversary of the war they still believe Germany to be fated for that place in the sun" for which she fought.
 Here is a symposium indicating what a war lord thinks about ten years after he has led all of his troops to defeat and many of them to death or injury These statements appear in the Krie- ger Zeitung, or Warrior Newspaper" published in Berlin.
 Field Marshal Won Hindenburg {: May the spirit of 1914 again become the common property of all Germans, enabling us again to take our place in the sun."
 Former Grown Prince Wilhelm {: "The memory of our fallen and wounded brothers should be a constant warning to us to strain ourselves to drag the Fatherland from the depths once again to the heights"
 General Won Kluck: Comrades of the old army, the greatness of our fa- liners and the heroic spirit of our fallen brothers; be true to the dear Father land; put mans word and honor above all."
 General Mackensen: Zen years ago the kaiser called and was unswerved by the unity and sacrifice of the Ger man people who won victory after vic tory and protected the boundaries of the Fatherland. We old soldiers are the bearers of the spirit of those days. See to it. dear comrades, that this spir- it continues to live in the growing gem eration. Unselfish unity in purpose and method-in wishing and acting- and our Fatherland will be free.''
 General von Herringen: We who saw Germany's sons in battle cannot lose faith in Germany's future. We must stand together, man by man, as once we did out there on the front. Then, the Fatherland will rise again. I"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
MASSACHUSETTS ARMS AGAINST KHAN RIOT
DETROIT YOUTH ON HONEYMOON
 WITH WIFE, 69

DETROIT, Aug. 1.--Mary Magin- pis, 60 years old, was married here yesterday to Edward H. Cochran, g years old. Miss Maginnis resides in Long Beach, Cal. She became ac- quainted with Cochran when she had employed him to manage one of her hotels. The 46 years difference in ages, according to Burt Maloney, marriage license clerk, is record for Detroit.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
By H. H. ROBERTSON
V Leased Wire to Age.HeraId)

tDy lSSMSSu5 WH6 bU AEC~AhCNhAu
 CHICAGO, Aug. 1.-Dark castles of dreams, haunted by sinister and ccm- polling phantom of death and built from the tissue of overwrought imagination by Nathan Leopold, Jr., and Richard Loeb, led to the murder of 14-year-old Robert Franks.
 This was the first evidence intro duced by the defense to save Loeb and Leopold from the gallows on the grounds of moral responsibility. It came from Dr. William White, one of America s leading alienists, who was one of the battalion of specialists on mental dis ease which examined the two young murderers in advance of their trial.
 The wilson's that resulted in one of the nations most atrocious crimes were more than mere air castles of childhood, the physician declared. They persisted throughout the years and constantly as- sumed a more menacing character.
 Live In Unreal World
 The phantasms still exist. Loeb and Leopold, who killed the son of friend and neighbor and tried to extOrt money from the father as ransom, live in an unreal world, a world of shadows. populated with phantoms materialized by a combination of preeocity and over-developed egos, and translated through the media of ti4eses two youths into a series of abnormalities, niisdeed and crimes, White said.
 Dr. White commenced his testimony after States Attorney Robert E. Grove had waged a valiant fight for two days to prevent the introduction of tes- timony on mental or physical condi- tions, because, he argued, the youths had pleaded guilty and such testimony was barred Clarence s. Darrow and Walter Bachrach, defense counsel, had asked Justice Caverly to hear all the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
Dream Fancies Cited As Prompting MotiUe
 Is Staying Of Franks
Defense Gains Consent To Introduce Alienists
 Testimony And Loeb Silent As Dr.
 White Unfolds Intimate Details Of Their Life History-Audience Buzzes With Comment

evidence the youths had to offer before sentencing them to hang.
 The judge ruled that he had the right to hear such testimony as evil dence of a possible mitigating cir cumstance. His decision came Friday after a series of heated . clashes between the prosecution and defense.
 Lived Isolated Lives
 Both Loeb and Leopold virtually were isolated from other children dur ing their earlier years through a sys- tem of training under which govern esses and nurses had charge of them. Their parents took little time to in- struct them, Dr. White testified. Hence, he said, they were forced to create their own world, to erect their avn play structures, to people them with creatures of their fancies.
 Loeb was capable of feeling remorse, but otherwise his emotional reactions were not normal, Dr. White said. Ac- cording to the physician, Loeb sent word to his father to disinhert him and let him hang.
 T asktl Loeb to name the specific reasons why he and Leopold killed the Franks boy and he gave me these, '' the physician testified.
 T. Joy in crime.
 ''2. The thrill of committing murder.
 "3. The experion of waiting to see whether discovery would come.
 s''4. Publicity.
 ''D. The widespread discussion which would ensue.
 '6. Last and least, for money" Jacob Franks, father of tho slain boy, sat and listened to Dr. Whites tes- timony in open-mouthed astonishment. His face was fixed in grim lines throughout the day He looked wearied and disgusted and apparently was anxious that the defense should con clude it's case so that the slayers of hi son might go to gallows. To
 (COntinued on Page Two.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-08-02
NOT SURE TO PROBE CASE
 AGAINST BROWN
Solicitor Says He Has Made No Move Toward
 Investigation

Y
 II criuihal action is to he pFougEt { against an employe of the third di- vision of municipal court t robably will be started by Gov. William ". Brandon or Ter st authorities
 This was evident Friday after an- nouncement by olicitor Jim Davis that he had taken no steps toward grand jury investigation. Although he refused to discuss the case at any length, ths solicitor declared he did not at preseIs contemplate reques ing q grand jury investigation of the sup posed shortage in the court finances
 Asked if he would take such steps when the auditors report is submitted to him, the so.lcitor replied merely, Governor Brandon has said nothing to me about the easel
 In statement made public Thurs day morning, Governor Brandon was quoted as saying that he wculG advise grand jury action with the full ex- pectation of returning an indictment if sufficient grounds for one are dis covered
 Brown Is Silent
 Luc:en W Brown, clerk of the court, has nothing to say regarding reports that the alleged shortages are charged to him. T have not seen copy of the auditors re. ort," he said Friday afternoon, 'sand until l do that and consult with my lawyer I have nothing to- say. H. iawye is out of the ely at present, but will return Monday, : and it is possible that I hay have a statement nt that time" He intimated tlat everything could be satisfactorily explained
 Shortages in the court finances, ac- cording 10 the auditors report, were caused by failure to make collectionc {; fees which shoald have been tuned over to the county according to law, but which Brown is alleged not to have done; and on collections entered in the court records as less than the sum actually collected.
 Receipts Altered
 Specific charges in the report claim that the clerk would write original receipts without making carbon copy, and later, when filling out the carbon capy blank, would enter sums consider ahIe less thar SC givor on T. orig inal. Other instances are cited where the clerk is alla~2d t. have ,lIcStel money without writing ether original Or duplicate receipts for the money paid into court. but would enter q lesser amount on his cash book and fee book than was being pIid.
 Numerous instances are said to be cited in the report where the duplicate receipts were for sums smaller than those written on the original receipts, issued to the persons paying the fees, Examiners reports claim Brown is due the state q sum in excess of S26,000.