davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
RATE REVISIONS
 ARE NEGLECTED
 HANEY ASSERTS
Section 28 Demands Ad- iustment, Ship Board
 Member Says

WASHINGTON, April 2S.-The in. terstate commerce commission has made no efforts to rearrange the existing rail rate structure to permit operation of Section 2S of the merchant marine act, c Commissioner Haney os the shipping board, testified today before the House committee Investigating the. board.
 The section which provides preferen- tial rail rates to shippers using Ameri- can vessels. would be useless Haney said, unless the rate structure lis mold ed to fit the condition which TSil pre- vail under the section"
 Apparently the commission does not intend to change the rate structure, suggested Representative Davis, demo- crat, Tennessee.
 II regret to say that it seems to me to be their pesition,", said Haney.
 Asked by Representative Cooper, re- publican. Wisconsin, regarding the claim of $9,OOO,0 900 of the Bethlehem Ship building company, Mir. Haney said the had a claim of $11 1,000, 900 against the company and that the de- partment of justice had employed spe- cial counsel to bring about an adjust ment. Hhe criticised the n1sye to try the case in Philadelphia, declaring it could better be settled in District of Columbia courts, because Pennsylvania judges, as a rule, have shown q Hack of sympathy with the shipping board" "
 The witness added that an attorney of the board or fleet corporation.
 judge said that no jury in the state would decide case in favor of the board of fleet corporation.
 ''fIe should be removed withone one days delay" Mir. Cooper said. E The name of Charles NJ. Schwab, chairman of the board of the Bethlehem company, who, during the latter part of the war was president of the fleet cor was brought into the investi- gation by Representative Connally, democrat, Texas. Under questioning, Commissioner Haney said it was his understanding" that subordinates of Schwab, both in the fleet corporation and the Bethlehem company worked to- gether in drawing up contracts.
 Representative Connally, taking up the testimony regarding the Pennsyl- vania judge, suggested "he might have been speaking the truth" and ought to be commended for advising the board of the chances to win out in litigation in the state. Haney said that was one req son why the Bethlehem case should not he tried in Philadelphia.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
REACH ACCORD Paris and Belgium To Seek Separate Facts With RritOn

PARIS, April 28.-By Associated Press. .l-France and Belgium today reached a complete accord on the course to be taken by the two governments as their part in putting the reparation ex- perts' recommendations into effect.
 As result of today's decision taken st a conference between Premier Theunis and Foreign Minister Hymans of Belgium and Premier POincare of France, the two governments will sep arately endeavor to reach a similar agreement with Great Britain after aration snarl wifi be attempted in a which the final u'5tangling of the rep general allied conference.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
MCDONALD PLEADS. FOR FRENCH AID.
lContinued From Page Onel

to make his burden as, heavy as that of the French and British taxpayer. That enabled the committee to balance Ger many's budget upon the basis of an ar- nual fixed charge.
 To the reported criticism from France that the Dawes plan failed to provide guaranties for it's fulfillment, or puni- tive measures for its abrogation, MT. Young said thos who adopted the plan would be bound by "a united interest which would lead to common action which would be just as effective, in case of adefault, as punitive measures framed in advance"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
WATER IS SCARCE
Not Allowed To Sprinkle Streets Or s Wash Cars

Wash Cars
 WETUMPKA, Ala, April 2S.-(Spe- cial. 1.-The city council of Wetumpka has passed an ordinance prohibiting the use of water for the purpose of water ing the streets, washing automobiles or watering their gardens by those who have no water meters. The tremendous amount of water used for these .pGr- poses during the summer months rem ders the cost to the city prohibitive and unless every family pays for the surplus amount used during the sum mer, the city will sustain a large de- ficit or be forced to increase the water rates.
 Cotton Is DiyngA number of com plaints have been made from the farm CTS over Elmore county as to cotton dying. Many have said that they were forced to replant spots over their fields where it had died. It is thought that the cool weather is responsible for this damage and the cool nights have lasted since cotton was planted. Many big farmers fear they will have to plant over their entire crop.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
FREIGHT AGENT HURT

ALBANY. Ala. April 2S.-E. N Penick. freight agent for the Louisville and Nashville railroad here, is in a hospital suffering from injuries re ceived last night when an automobile which he was driving. turned over on the pike near Falkville. Mrs. Penicl was the only other occupant. She was not seriously hurt, but Mir. Penick's condition today became more serious.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
DIR. sNAvELY RETURNS
Assists In Survey of Colleges In Ten nesSee

President Guy E. Snaveiy of Bir- mingham- Southern college has returned to the city after weeks stay in Ten nessee, where he went at the request of the United States Bureau of Educa- tion to assist in conducting a survey of the colleges of that state.
 On the committee with Dr. Snaveiy, which wa sappointed by the national bureau, were Dean J. B. Johnston of the University of Michigan, and Dr. George F. Took, specialist in the bureau of higher education.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
GOVERNOR MCKAY
 |IS SENT TO JAIL
From Pare One)


 Anderson read the ,statute under which indictment was drawn and explained the indictment which is in 13 counts.
 This statute," said the court, "does not mean that it must be made to ap- pear that the defendant had malice or ill-will against the persons to be de frauded.- It means he must have the general intention which always arises when a person sets out to do some thing unlawful. It may be inferred from his acts"
 He declared that the possible inten- tion of the defendant to repay the notes given by him might be taken into com sideration by the jury but added that the fact that many such notes or any part of them have never been repaid also must be taken into consideration.
 The Indiana constitution, according to attorneys, provides only one method for the removal of the governor and that by action of the general assembly. The next regular session of general as sembly will open in January. l920, and the only method provided in the consti- tuition for the calling of special ses- sion is by proclamation by the gov ernor. sF3
 Debate Status
 "Some local attorneys are of the opinion that McCray while in jail ceases to be governor. The office of gover- nor thus devolyes on Lieutenant Gov ernor Emmett F. Branch of Martins vile, they said.
 Attorneys here differ as to McCrayE present status and also in their intep- pretation of the constitution which saJs in one place that the only method for calling special session of legislature is by proclamation of the. governor and in another that ''in inability of the governor to discharge the duties of the office the same shall deyolve on the lieutenant governor"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
J. B. PAYNE TO HEAD
 RED CROSS COUNCIL
Chicago Man Elected at First
 Paris Session

PARIS, April 2S,-John Barton Payne of Chicago was elected president of the general counc iol fthe League of Red Cross societies at the opening of the .plenary session of the councils third annual meeting here today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29

these men were expected to have some grudges against the former chief.
 Judge Erwin announced that the jury would be in custody of the United States marshal throughout the trial.
 He stated that he took this action in order to protect the jurors from being approached on from any suspicion of having been influenced.
 The jury trying the case is as fol- lows: J. B. Block, Perry county; J. A. Cook. Wilcox; J. F. Davis, Monroe {; W. k. Dixon, Marengo; E. W. Dris- coll. Dallas; l.. Fisher, Hale; Herbert K. Holiday, Escambia; E. W. Kelly, Marengo; V. D. Mendenhall, Marengo {; J. W. Moore, Escambia; D. T. Stew art. Wilcox; S. A. Wiggins, Monroe.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-04-29
TWO MEN ELECTROCUTED

BELLEFONTAIN, Pa, April 2S.- Willie B. Texas" Morgan. who kid naped and killed 6-year-old Lillian Gil mere in Philadelphia more than a year ago, was electrocuted in western Pennsylvania near here today. Albert Platt, convicted of killing Robert Ellis McGowan, was also electrocuted.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15

New York. Not in actual miles
was this true, but in means of COM
munication.
1t was hoped that our demo
cratic method of representation
would keep the government in
touch with its outlying states and
territories, but how could it, when
these states and territories were
frequently so large that their re-
representatives. were unable to in
form themselves regarding the
needs of their constituencies?
The territories Jared worse than
the states in this respect. Territor-
ial representatives had no import
ant standing in Congress, although
they spoke for a people scattered
over country larger than Great
Britain and France.
Illustrative of the standing in
Washington of a Territorial Repre-
sentative, is the following anecdote
Of two prominent citizens of Mon
lana:
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15
vvDR1MG THE NEWS OF THE LITTLE BIG HORN
WAS TRANSMITTED FROM THE;
FRONTIER VILLAGE OF BISMARCK, ND.

Itants visited their lodgings durin!
the night.
The next morning | called III
Fargo and requested him to con
meet us through to St. Paul, as wa!
the custom when we had an unusua
amount of eastern business. He
Immediately asked, whats up?'
and l replied, "Cut us through anc
listen," and then | added, "All the
Clusters are killed" This he repeat
ed to the St. Paul office, who in
turn gave it to Chicago, and so on
to New York.
Returning from breakfast, pro-
badly half an hour later, the first
message received was from James
Gordon Bennett of the New York
Herald, asking for particulars of
the massacre.
"But two operators were en-
ployed in the St. Paul office, Will
Gridley and Ed. Hughes. One of
them would receive from me, while
the other kept it moving eastward.
Terrys report was the first to be
handled. This, together with the
private kilograms, we finished
without stopping for refreshments,
at o'clock the following morning.
Up to this time nothing had been
given to the newspapers aside from
a short statement prepared by Col
onel Smith during the afternoon,
embracing the main facts.
after three hours sleep we
started in on the newspaper matter,
and for p hours we continued be-
fore clearing the table, having put
in 43 hours out of 48 with practi-
cally no interruption.
when the Far West returned
after delivering the wounded at
Fort Lincoln, James Kelly, one of
he New York Herald staff, took |
from Bismarck. His mis-
ion was to write up the country
md the battlefield, for his paper.
lie started at work upon boarding
he boat, and to give some idea of
he faithfulness with which he per-
omed his duty i will mention that
When he returned-some two weeks
ater-he handed me what was the
most expensive, if not the longest,
pecial on any one subject that has
,ver been transmitted by telegraph.
t contained over 1900 words and
ost the Herald over 81 700"
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15
$4,000 in PRIZES
WILL BE AWARDED
AT THE STATE FAIR
EXHIBITORS AT STATE FAIR TO
BE WELL REWARDED;
A FINE PROGRAM
List of Events to Include Races, Ac-
robatic Entertainment, Musical
Program, and Fireworks Each of
The Evenings. s

Montana state fair departmental
officials, members of the executive
board and various subcommittee
have started ON an extensive cam
paign to perfect plans for the twen-
ty-secOnd annual exposition sched-
uled to open at Helena September
% next, and continue until Septem-
Der 27, according to information
recently given out by b. L. Moore,
head of the state fair division of
the department of agriculture.
Premium lists now being distribut-
ed throughout the state show that
100000 will be paid in cash premi-
ums in addition to the various rib
bons and other awards.
Daily programs include harness,
running and relay races, both mems
and women's relay races being sche-
duled, numerous acrobatic enter
tainments, musical programs and
fireworks displays each evening
Auto races are slated for the open
ing and closing days with special ev-
ents billed for September 25.
Special awards will be offered for
wheat and other small grains with a
view to establishing the Importance
of raising grain of high milling
qualities. Livestock and poultry
fanciers from all sections of the
northwest have made inquiries re-
garding exhibition space, indicating
an unusually large list of entries,
Mr.. Moore states. Boys and Girls
Club work will be stressed at the
junior fair, entries being expected
from virtually all of the 264 clubs
organized in 33 counties during the
past year.
Special group gatherings and re-
unions have been arranged by the
fair board for each of the five days.
Tuesday, September %, is designated
as school children's and veterans
day, Wednesday, as Montana Prin-
cess, Great Falls, Gallatin, Kiwanis
and Northern Montana day; Thurs
day as coronation, Butte, Rotary club,
Deer Lodge, commercial and news
day; Friday as farm or
ganization, queen of Montana, pi-
oneers' and Helena day; Saturday as
auto racing and children's day. Ar
rangemnts are under way to establish |
headquarters for the various units
in one of the pavillions.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15

pondentS for eastern newspaper
who sent couriers from time t,
time with special dispatches a
they progressed. Advices up t,
/ June 20 contained nothing of grea
importance, and we were who'll,
unprepared for the astounding
news that was soon to startle tn,
world.
The battle of the Little Big
Horn-Custer's last-occurred OF
the 18th of June. On the night Of
the Fourth of July an entertain
ment was given at Fort Lincoln
which was participated in by the
Officers and Aides remaining at the
post. There was no thought of dis
aster and thoroughly enjoyable
evening was passed.
On the night of the fifth of July
the steamer Far West" bearing
the wounded from Reno's com
mand to Fort Lincoln, touched at
Bismarck. Colonel Smith of Gen
eral Terry's staff and Dr.. R. H.
Porter, the only physician of four
who had accompanied the expedi-
ton to escape death, landed. Col
onel Smith was the bearer of the
official report of General Terry to
the department commander at St.
Paul together with hundreds of
messages to private parties in all
parts of the coutry and immense
bundles of special matter for var
ious eastern newspapers.
1t was then II o'clock at night.
1t has been said that the first news
of this disaster wass carried BY
courier to Cheyenne Wyo., and
from here given to the world. 1t
seems only easonable to think this
was mistake. Not so much as a
rumor of the fight had reached
those of all others most interested, |
until the arrival of the Far West. |
"There was at the time, but one
wire between St. Paul and Bis
marck. No night operators were
as we had only a tri-
weekly train service west of Fargo
N the summer time and none in the
winter. The wire was usually di-
Jided at Fargo, SO nothing could be
lone toward forwarding the great
mass of information until morning
There was the widest CONSERVATION
it Bismarck, and few of the inhabi-
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15

|marck. He was in charge of tina
lofflce as manager and operator a
the time of the Custer massacre.
| The story of the wiring of the
news of that battle was told by Mr.
lCarnahan a quarter of a century
later at Missoula. In reviewing The
details of the incident, he said:
1t was my fortune to be located
at Bismarck, N. d., as manager for
the Northwestern Telegraph com
pany in the early part of that
towns history. Arriving there
early in the spring of 1874, had
the pleasure of seeing the town rise
from what would be termed a
"wide-open canvas town." as tough
as the most degraded and viscious
character might desire, to a beau
|tiful little city of order and re
spectability.
AT the time of my arrival, and
for several years thereafter, Bis
marck was the extreme northwest
ern frontier town. Fort Abraham
Lincoln, across the Missouri river,
nearly opposite, had just been COM
pleted and the Seventh U. S.
cavalry and a portion of an infan-
try regiment were stationed there,
while other troops were located at
Fort Hancock, on the east side of
the river adjoining Bismarck.
This was the terminus of the Nor
thern Pacific railroad, also of the
line, and remained such
until 1879.
Indians were plentiful and not
agreeable, so we were obliged to
confine our hunting expeditions to
the east side of the river, never
venturing to the west side. People
seemed to subsist principally on ex-
element of which there was an
abundance. One day it would be a
shooting, perhaps a murder, which
after time became of SO frequent
as to create only pass
ng interest. The next would be an
indian scare, which never failed to
thoroughly arouse the town.
''It was about the middle of May,
87o, when Terry's expedition left
Fort Lincoln for the purpose of
ounding up the hostile Indians I'M
Ter Sitting Bull. They were ac-
ompanied by numerous corrres-
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15

| When Investigations of Credit
lMobilier were in progress, Col. San
ders was visiting Washington. In
terest of the public in this national
scandal was so great, that it was
difficult to gain admission to the
hearing, unless at the imitation of a
senator, or a member of the lower
house. Martin Maginnis, who was
the Montana representative, asked
the Colonel to one of the sessions
of the investigation. Together, at
the appointed hour, they entered
the Capitol, and sought admission
to the hearing. The doorkeeper,
recognizing Col. Sanders, as hav-
ing been there the previous day in
company with a senator, permitted
him at once to enter, while barring
1 the door to Maginnis, UNTIL HE
COULD BE IDENTIFIED.
Rapid transit by rail, by auto
mobile and airplane has eliminated
distance, and at present Montana
representatives are not unrecogniz-
ed and the Far West is no longer
the almost unknown region that it
was at the close of the Civil War.
A few military posts had been
established along the route leading
to the Rockies and beyond, the
most important of these being Fort
Laramie on the Platte. At the
smaller posts the soldiers stationed
there led a monotonous life, with |
little to relieve it but fear of being
attacked. These posts had nothing
to make them attractive, not even
their surroundings. When we
passed any of them, the soldiers
would flock to our camp and beg
my father to let them accompany
him, he being entitled to military
escort. Sometimes they brought us
game. The first bear meat | ever
ate was such a gift. But gifts and
petitions were alike unavailable,
my father believing that an escort
was unnecessary.
When the Indian situation be-
came acute, and General Caring
ton was ordered to build two forts
in the heart of the Indian country
to protect travellers on the Boze-
man Trail, although against the
protests of the Indians, the Gov
eminent had an opportunity to
prove its efficiency, and signally
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15
By Martha Edgerton Plassmann


T EW Of the present day realize
II what an uneviable lot wa:
that of the men who Tough
the Indian battle of the Plains
4 These followed the close of the CT
vii War, and soldiers Of both I'm
ion and Confederate armies were
Engaged in them. Many of the I'm
ion soldiers objected to being sent
against Indians. They claimed
they enlisted for three years, or I'm
til the close of the Civil War, and
could not be sent onto the Plains
against their will. In one instance,
at least, their Discrimination for this
service almost reached the point Of
mutiny.
The ex-Confederates who vol
unteered, were men who had lost
all in the war just ended, or they
had become so accustomed to army
| life that it unified them for peace
full occupations.
Most of both officers and men
were schooled in the methods of so
called civilized warfare, but were
woefuly ignorant of Indian tactics.
The white soldier considered re-
treat cowardly, unless theirs was a
forlorn hope. The Indians, on the
contrary, were not given to max
in ga determined stand, but acted
on the principle that
"He who fights and runs away,
May live to fight another day"
Indians state that if Custer had
at once attacked the Sioux village,
at the Battle of the Little Big Horn
instead of hating until the encamp-
ment could be attacked from both
ends, he would have won the day.
His hating looked like hesita-
ton, and it gave the enemy time to
concentrate their forces.
Through bitter experience, and
knowledge gained from scouts like
Jim Bridger, who were thoroughly
conversant with the ways of the
red man, our soldiers learned how
to fight Indians. Without their
scouts, the army would have Jared
far worse than it did. 1t suffered
because of its own ignorance, and
also on account of the failure of
the Government to cooperate with
it.
Our National Capital was located
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15

failed. 1t failed to support the
force it sent into the field, either
by showing confidence in the offic-
ers it had chosen to conduct its
campaigns, or in providing the
needed supplies. At the time of the
Fetterman Disaster, Mrs. CARING
ton states the Indians were far bet
ter armed than our soldiers, whose
stock of ammunition was almost ex-
hausted.
At this critical time, from de-
sire to economic, General CARING
ton was commanded to dispense
with Bridger's invaluable services.
But to this the General would not
consent and continued to employ
the scout.
When the powerful Indian tribes
Of the northwest forgetful of in
+erracial feuds were uniting for
final stand against the whites, and
here were almost daily hostile de-
in the neighborhood
IF Fort Phil Kearney, the first fort
quilt by Darlington; when a guard
lad to be sent out with the men
'ent out to get wood, and when ev-
n this precautionary measure
,ould not prevent some of them be-
ng killed; when the enemy came
lose enough to the stockade to
hoot a sentry; the Eastern jour
Concluded on Agricultural Page.l
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-08-15
PETROLEUM COUNTY RHODE
ISLAND RED HEN LAYS AN
EGG WEIGHING SIX OUNCES

I. e. Thomas of Winnett recently
displayed to his friends a large egg
laid by one of his Rhode Island
Red hens. Weighed on the scales
at one of the Winnett stores it tip
ped the beam for six ounces, the
ordinary egg averaging but two
ounces.
This is the second such egg Mr..
Thomas has obtained this summer.
Breaking the first he found another
egg inside and is of the opinion
that the second one also has an
other perfect egg inside.
MFR. Thomas will boil and warm
ish the egg and keep it for display
at the Petroleum county corn show
this fall.