davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Winslow mail. (Winslow, Ariz.) 1893-1926, 1924-11-07
HIGH POINTS In THE
HISTORY OF CANNING
FOODS OF ALL KINDS

Most of our modern Industries. il
traced back, are found to have had
their beginnings in the home. But
there are exceptions, and canning is
one OF them. This seems hard to be-
Jieve, for canning has long been con-
sidered part of the work Of the house
wife who has the materials and the
time to put up" food for winter use.
The fact fs, however, that the can
ming art was discovered as the di-
rect result Of prize offered by the
French government over 100 years ago
for a method Of preserving food for
army use. The man who discovered
1t was a confectioner and chef. and
the canning business he started is
still carried on by his descendants
the oldest canning establishment in
1he world.
What this Frenchman discovered is
the apparently simple fact that if
food is sufficiently heated and then
sealed in a container that excludes
air, the food will keep. This is the
fundamental principle of canning. But
why this is true was not known until
many years later. After the discov-
erer Of the canning art had died, an
other Frenchman laid the beginnings
of the science of bacteriology, and
until the principles of this science
were given, practical, application to
the canning art-which came about
within recent years-the home Gamer
and the canning industry worked by
Fule-of-thumb methods.
Today the industry has a scientific
basis, established as the result of ex-
tensive research work by chemists,
psychologists, physicists, and engin-
GERS, and the benefits of all this re-
search have been placed in the hands
OF home Gamers as we'll In fact,
home Gamers are largely indebted to
the commercial industry for equip
ment and methods that assure a
wholesome, high-quality product.
Although the canning industry got
an early start in the United States
salmon, Holsters and oysters were
packed in New York over one hundred
years ago-the industry did not grow
to any extent until after the Civil
war. Then came years of remarkable
development. In one branch of the
industry alone-the canning and pre-
serving of fruits and vegetables-the
number of establishments increased
from less than 100 in 1870 to 1900
in 1900 and then to over 5000 in 1920.
Even these figures do not show the
industry's actual expansion, for about
1880 machinery began to replace hand
tabor, both in can making and in cam
ming operations. The power equip
n1ent in fruit and vegetable canning
establishments, for example, increased
from an average of about seven horse
power per plant in 1870 to 43 horse
power in 1920. And with this six-fole
increase in power came a reduction of
two-thirds In the average number of
wage earners employed by each plant.
Hand labor was lessened, output in
creased, and production costs lower
ed, all at the same time.
The Winslow mail. (Winslow, Ariz.) 1893-1926, 1924-11-07

manned for the bacteriologist to find
what caused spoilage-minute organ
isms in the food that must be killed
by heat if the food is to be kept
from spelling. Then came the prob
lem Of practical application of this
knowledge.
The canning industry some years
ago established its own research
laboratory, which undertook investi-
cations to measure the temperature
of the contents OF cans as they are
being cooked. or "processed" as the
industry terms it; to ascertain the
temperature and the time necessary
to kill the various bacteria causing
spoilage; to find how this time and
temperature varies with different
foods; to determine what equipment
! Is needed to get best results and how
this equipment should be operated.
1t Is in the practical application of
| the facts and methods developed by
this research work that the industry
has shown greatest progress in recent
years. Rule-of-thumb and guesswork
have been eliminated. A pure, whole
some product is not merely a pOssibil-
ity of a probability; it ia a certainty,
and to the consumer this means more
than either quantity or variety in
foods.
While perfection of canning methods
goes far toward assuring high-quali-
ty product, quality also depends great
ly on the character Of the raw mater
ials used. The canning industry now
makes use Of the best that special
lied agriculture produces - rop s
grown especially for canning. But not
satisfied with even this, it has estab-
lished raw products research bureau
to help growers of canning crops i'm
prove their products.
This bureau maintains contact with
all of the organizations and institu-
tions whose activities have bearing
on production problems-the United
States department of agriculture, the
department Of commerce, agricultural
colleges, state and national organiza-
The Winslow mail. (Winslow, Ariz.) 1893-1926, 1924-11-07

tons Of farmers and the research and
scientific associations of horticultur-
lists, entomolOgists and other of like
character. Out of this contact has
come a better understanding of the
producers problems, and assistance to
him from every agency in the improve
ment Of his crops. Through the raw
products research bureau, the re-
sources Of modern agricultural science
are brought to bear on the growing of
the Gamers crops, with the result
that the finest varieties of fruits and
vegetables possible to produce are be-
ing grown under scientific methods in
the most favorable production centers,
all in order that the consumer of can
ned foods may have the best there is.
The story of the canning industry's
development would be incomplete
without reference to the changes that
are occurring in living conditions in
our country, and to women's work in
the home. We are becoming more
and more nation of town and city
dwellers. Industry Is gathering our
people into manufacturing centers and
at the same time agriculture is chang
AA6 SAAO 40 AACLAO0oB Apply
ing machinery to production and
specializing in its output. Canned
foods have become a necessity to the
millions of families living away from
the sources Of food production, and
the canning industry is today the
agency that makes available to these
millions all the year round the best
of the foods that a specialized agri-
culture produces.
Women have achieved a new posi-
ton in modern life and in the home.
They are no longer tied down by the
drudgery of Homework. American in
ventive genius has provided them
numberless devices and conveniences
to tighten their tasks and give them
time to be real home makers. And
among these conveniences, none has
brought greater relief from work and
greater saving of time than canned
foods.
The Winslow mail. (Winslow, Ariz.) 1893-1926, 1924-11-07

In the industry today automatic ma
| chimes make the cans; machinery har-
vests the products in the field; ma
chimes wash and grade these products
as they are prepared for the cans
machines fill the products into the
cans, automatically measuring out the
right amount; machines seal the cans
machines control the progress Of the
cans through continuous cookers; ma
chimes paste labels on the cans, and
machines make the boxes in which
the cans are packed.
The American industry, as already
noted, got its start in New York in
1919 when salmon, Holsters and oy-
sters were first canned The follow
ing year damsons, ounces, cranber-
ries and currents were packed In Bos-
ton by firm that is still in the can
ming business. In 1910 Baltimore
built its first cannery, and the next
year eardine canning was begun in
Maine. The first cannery on the Pa
cific coast was started in 1855, and In
the central states the first cannery
began operations in 1860.
Thus, long before machinery had
been invented to give quantity pro-
duction and long before the scientific
basis of canning was understood, the
canning industry had spread to wide
ly separated parts of our country. The
location of consuming markets was
one factor in the establishment of
these widely separated plants, but
there was another which became more
important as the industry developed,
and which today is the dominant fac
tor And that is the supply of raw
products for canning.
+ AS every home Gamer knows, the
quality of canned foods depends large
ly on obtaining fruits and vegetables
at just the right stage Of maturity, and
getting them into the cans as quickly
as possible The same holds true, of
course, in commercial canning, 80
that the canneries have literally gone
to the fields where the crops are rails
ed, or to the waters where sea-foods
fresh caught can be packed without
delay incident to transportation to dis
tant factories.
Today canneries are found in all
parts of the United States, taking adj
vantage of the great range of climate,
soil, and products that our country
possesses. If Nature has equipped one
section to produce superior quality
of fruits OF vegetables, that section
leads in the canning Of those products.
It rs just another example Of the
specialization that C h r C t yes
American agriculture and industry.
American inventive genius plus the
resources of American agriculture
have made possible the great quantity
and variety of foods now packed by
the American canning industry. Every
year has seen new additions to the
kinds and varieties of foods available
in cans, until today they number over
two hundred. But the industry has
made history in another phase of It's
development in recent years-a phase
which cannot well be measured in
figures but which means more to the
user OF canned foods than the guam
tity or variety of foods made avail
able
The Frenchman who discovered the
art of canning did not know why
foods keep when sufficiently heated
and sealed in alright cans. 1t re-
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Y. M C. A. NOTES

The cha rHan, Mr.. L. H. Lightner,
has returned from the big church meet
ing in Springfield. Mass. where he has
been attending the General Conference
of the NJ. E. Church as a delegate from
the Topeka district. He reported hav-
ing had wonderful time While he
was away also he visited several of
the large Y. NJ. C. A. buildings in diff
ferent cities, and, also the headquar-
ters of the Inter-National Committee
in New York. He confirmed what
many have already said. namely, that
while most of the buildings are larger
by one story than our own, none of
them will surpass ours in its beauty
and construction.
We are urging our people who have
not yet paid their pledges to do so at
once, since the work cannot be carried
on without the proper funds. OF the
$4,000 subscribed in the drive, nearly
5000 is still due. 1t is needless to
say that this sum would assist very
greatly in the work of the new build
ing at this time, and we cordially hope
that our friends will not longer delay
with their payments.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Japanese Refuses
Diploma Because
of Exclusion Act

Chester, Pa, June 19.-Kuranoske
Fulfil, a Japanese student at Grocer
Theological Seminary, refused diplo-
ma at the commencement exercises, al
though his name was included among
the graduates. In letter written to
DIR. Milton Evans, president of the
school Fujii said:
"Since the Japanese Exclusion Bill
we Japanese students begin to ask our
selves when Christianity has eyer got
a real spiritual and moral power on
the general policy of the nation. So
long as an exclusion measure is i'm
posed upon us in the so-called Chris
tian country or nation, the American
missionary work in Asia will have the
most difficult situation with regard TO
teaching of Christianity to the natives,
and to be sure the intelligent people
of Asia will make mock of such an un-
dertaking."
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Seven Men Freed
When White Boy
Tells the Truth

Little Rock, Ark, June 2O.-After
they had been severely beaten and tor
tured seven Race men. arrested in con-
nection with the kidnapping and whip
ping of Milton Childers, 16-year-old
white boy, We're dismissed Saturday
after police claim the boy failed to
identify any of them as his assallants.
The men were held since Wednesday
night and were not allowed to see rel
atives or have anything to eat. All
this was done in an attempt to make
them confess crime they knew moth
ing about.
Childers was severely whipped by
some men of our Race, it is said, after
he had made insulting remarks to a
woman who stands high in church cir
cles here. He at first stated that he
knew no reason for the attack, but
later confessed to the police that he
had molested a woman of our Race
No other arrests have been made in
connection with the case and no clues
as to the assailants have been re-
ported.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
DISPLAY OF RARE ABILITY BY OUR
GRADUATES FROM GRADED SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY. SHORTER CHURCH
SUNDAY, JUNE 22ND
w. D. Fountain, DVS. Delivers Mastery Address to His
Young Associates Before Large and
Critical Audience

full I certainly would like to meet
his folks, for 1 know they are splen-
did people" Or the reverse may be
true. "Look at Sam; I knew he
would never amount 20 much. His
folks were never energetic" And so
this is the way of the world. And
as Cowyser has stated:
Men deal with life as children with
their play,
Who first misuse, then cast their
toys away"
Mothers, sing on. Your voice may
not be heard in legislative halls. We
may never know your name, but you
may have upon your knee a Grace
Darling, a Dunbar, Florence Night
ingale, or a Booker 7. Washington to
lift or inspire this old world.
So as this world moves on let us
all do our bit. Show lots of enthu-
siasm play this life according to the
Golden Rule. And 1 am sure that in
that supreme day Truth shall spring
up bearing tribute to other weary
hearts. And over a life of service,
sacrifice and patience, time will have
no power.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28

this city their idea of having Poro
workers aid worthy causes in the cit
les in which they are located. The
method in ST. Louis has been to have
the workers at the college give plays
and other entertainments, the proceeds
of which were given to needy institu-
tions and individuals.
The first such program in Chicago
was given Tuesday night at the Pill
grim Baptist Temple, the Rev. S. E. ].
Watson, pastor, for the benefit of the
temple, and under the direction of Mrs
Malone. Poro workers filled the fine
listed program which, besides musical
numbers, included an excellent show
ing of moving pictures of the Far West
taken by Mr.. and Mrs. Malone on the
occasion of recent visit to points near
and beyond the Rockies. A college
similar TO the one of st. Louis has also
been opened in this city at AL Grand
Boulevard.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Negro Will Race
for Congress in
Illinois District
Black Will Be Democrat
Candidate First Time
in History
(By United Press.)

New York, June 23.-A Negro will
be the Democratic candidate for Con-
gress from the First Illinois district
where Representative Martin B. Mad
den, Republican, is running for re-
election.
This unprecedented step in Demo-
cratic annals was taken with the sane
ton of George E. Brennan, Democrat
ic boss of Chicago, after the illness of
James Doyle, nominated at the primar-
les, forced him from the race.
Earl B. Dickerson, a Chicago Negro,
was agreed upon as the party candi-
date at meeting of the Illinois state
committee held here Sunday. He is as
sistant corporation counsel In Chicago,
a university graduate, member of the
American Legion and a leader of his
race in Illinois.
The selection of Dickerson was die
tated by the political situation in the
district, which has a large Negro pop
ulation. A Negro running against Mad
den in the Republican primaries polled
5000 votes against 5000 for Madden.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Threats Follow
Action of Alton,
Ill. School Board

st. Louis, Mo-, June 19.-Because
the valedictorian was race boy, po-
lice protection was necessary at the
commencement exercises of the gradu-
ating class of the Alton High school,
held in the school auditorium there last
week.
The youth, Alexander Whitfield, II,
was awarded the honor on the basis of
highest scholastic record for the four
years he attended the high school.
Announcement of the award was made
two weeks ago.
Since that time n great deal of dis
cussion has been occasioned by the
award. and the principal of the school,
VIM. H. Wheeler has received a num-
ber of anonymous letters threatening
to break up the graduating exercises
should the boy be allowed to hold the
honor.
The letters We're disregarded, but a
request was made for police protec-
ton, and nine police officers, some in
civilian clothes, were scattered about
the auditorium and outside the build
ing The expected trouble failed to
materialize, however, and Whitfield
was allowed to deliver his address un-
disturbed.
The anonymous letters and adverse
comment were said to have come from
sources outside the school, and last
minute attempt last night to have the
male members of the class refuse to
appear on the platform during the ex-
ercises also failed.
Ninety boys and girls, seven of
whom were colored, were graduated
from the school and the exercises were
witnessed by approximately 300 per-
sons, of which number about 5 per
cent We're colored.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL
GRADUATES ENTERTAINED BY
STEW ESS BOARD AT
SHORTER CHURCH

With the graduates of the various
colleges as their guests on Sunday
night and the High School graduates
on Monday night the Stewardess Board
of Shorter A NJ. E. Church did love
ly part by our ambitious, struggling
youth who have just finished the school
term. Splendid programs were rem
dered on each occasion and the stu
dents gave every evidence of their high
appreciation. During the serving of re-
freshments at the Monday night fune-
ton community singing was indulged
in to the delight of all. Mrs o. W.
Glenn was in charge of the program ON
each occasion.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
100 Howard
Students Pull
man POrters

Washington, d. c., June 19.-The
employment bureau of the University
Y. NJ. G. A. has secured jobs for forty
nine students, with the Pullman Com
pany. Forty-nine out of 112 who APP
piled were accepted.
This is a representative number, eX-
Guiding the 81 old service students,
who were reinstated to exc out sea-
son for the next school years financ-
ing.
These students will run from many
sections of the great system, to nearly
all points of the country.
The average Pullman porter earns
from four to six hundred dollars dur
ing the summer season.
Aside from the money earned, the
value of the experiences of travel, and
sociological survey, such a season is
of invaluable worth to college stu
dent.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
"Honeyed Words"

For many reasons the Republican
national convention which met at
Cleveland last week may be cOnsid-
cred as the greatest within the his
tory of the party To the Negro, its
success is still questionable. The seat
ing of thirty-six Negro delegates and
the conspicuous representation of
Perry Howard and Henry Lincoln
Johnson would seem to indicate Il new
day for the Negro in ranks of the
Grand Old Party. But after the din
of battle; after the mind has had time
to deliberate, we become aware of our
precariCus political condition. The
federal anti-lynching law is the only
proposal for the Negroes welfare. This
consideration to win over 100000
of Negroes. Had the Republican
party not made such Il pitiable fail
ure in the last Congress to pass a
federal anti-lynching law, we would
have some hope for the future. The
national committee, party leaders, and
even the chief executives, have shown
a disposition to ignore the merits of
the bill. Why do they became staunch
supporters of this bill over night?
Because of all the planks favOring the
Negro, the anti-lynching plank offered
the least effrontery to the Negro
hating South. Judging from the past,
there is no assurance that this plank
will ever be made law.
So far as the Cleveland convention
is concerned, the Colored citizen has
been promised very little indeed. His
spokesmen have been permitted to
make great speeches, which seem to
be about all he'll get out of it so far
as the G. o. p. is concerned. The
Negro voter has ceased to listen to
''honeyed words" spoken by Negroes
or white men. He is demanding that
all complimentary phrases be trans
lated into worthwhile deeds. He re-
allied that party that has nothing
but honeyed promises to make is not
the party to support. The announce
ment of third party with Senator La
Toilette at the helm will be made
next week. The Negro vote will es-
pecially appeal to it. The Democrats
are attracting thousands of Negro
votes in New York state and else
where. In the meantime the G. o.. p.
continues to hand out "honeyed
words. Pittsburgh American.
The Colorado statesman., 1924-06-28
Liberians to
Keep Garvey
Out by Force
Africans Will Shed Last
Drop of Blood to Pre-
vent Landing of
Agitator
BY Major A. H. Butler, Chief of De-
tectives of Liberia

Liberia. w. Africa, June 4.-The del
ficially received by the president of
Liberia on their visit here-nor have
there been any official assurance Civ
en- them for allowing them any space
in Liberia.
Liberia is in reality home for free
Negroes, but having already a two mil
lions of undeveloped and uneducated
population, there is no cry TO the
American Negroes to come here to
build up Liberia. What we require in
this country is financial assistance and
missions to extend their operations to
Liberia in such Il way as to help edu-
cate the 100000 of uneducated peo-
pie already in Liberia.
We do say that we are in need of
wealthy Negroes of the Faulkner type
who have money and can carry on in
dependent operations of their own, but
to say that Liberia holds out a help
ing hand and are asking that American
Negroes come here to develop the
country, is only one of the many lies
of Marcus Garvey.
We in Liberia are tired out of our
life reading large dumps of The Negro
World in which appear articles mis-
leading to the American Negro, which
goes to give them an idea that they
have been asked or would be welcomed
in coming to Liberia to help develop it..
These articles that appear on the front
pages of the Negro World concerning
Liberia are lies.
Offers $4,000
l offer $4,000 to Marcus Garvey if
he can product single letter from
President King giving him the permis-
sion to land his immigrant il Liberia.
There are enough people IN Liberia
to develop the small area of land un-
der control and Liberia is sufficiently
developed without Marcus Garvey and
his disciples.
We are not going to stomach the
things Marcus Garvey is doing in
America, in Liberia, nor are his follow
ers who appear to be blinded to their
own interests going to take control of
Liberia, a country for which our fore
fathers bled and died.