The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-10-20
US. SILENCE. AGAIN HITS PEACE PLAN American Cooperation Is Needed, Protocol Ex-
 perts Find EFFECTIVE SYSTEM TERRIFIC PROBLEM Aggressor Could Turn To America For Loans And
 War Material ELASTIC SANCTIONS IS GOAL OF LEAGUE A Gradual Pressure To Prevent
 War Is Part Of The
 Schedule
EFFECTIVE SYSTEM
 TERRIFIC PROBLEM
ELASTIC SANCTIONS
 IS GOAL OF LEAGUE
,Bx Associated Press)


 GENEVA, Oct. 19.--In the preliminary study of the pro- focol, for the pacific settle ment of international disputes which was recently adopted here. the experts of the League of Nations gradually are reaching the conclusion that without at least the benefl- cent naturally of the United States it will be difficult, and probably impossible, to organ ize sancations against any az gressor state.
 Article XII of tho protocol asks the economical and financial organizations of the League to. study and report on the steps which should be taken to give effect to the financial and economic zauctions ssipulated In the covenant and clarified in the protocol. Already the Teague's experts attached to the financial. economic and transit sec lions are preparing plans for presenta- lion at the meetings ot the Yarlous technical commissions which are com nosed of the governmental representa- tives of the various states.
 Examples Cited
 The correspondent of The Associated nress learns that this preliminary study has demonstrated forcibly the terrific nat,ro of the problem of arranging any effective system of sanctions with the JTnifed States not adhering to the pro toeol. Among the many examples which might he cited, two are brought for- ward. They are those where the sigma tories to the protocol shall endeavor to hiring pressure against any aggress0r state by cutting off all loans and all sunpIies of war materials. It IS pointed out that in such a contingency an aggressor state always could have the resort of applying to the United States for help. |,
 Generally speaking, according to well informed quarters in League of Nations circles. a first examination of the protocol conditions shows clearly the urgent need of obtaining American collaboration in any universal scheme of arbitration and security founded on preventing sanctions if such scheme could hope to be successful. League experts are seeking to work out an elastic series of sanctions which can be applied progressively,
 Elastic Methods Planned
 The first stage would be the cutting off of consular and diplomatic relations with q state which had been declared m aggressOr. The ensuing steps would be unanimous stopping of the Notation of loans, thus preventing an aggressor from acquiring funds with which to carry on any war; the serving of finan- cial and economic relations and the institution of a pacific blockade, ihclud- ing suppression of the provision of raw materials, with a gradual tightening and extension of the blockade in pro portion to the need of strengthening pressure against a country which ap- pears to be going to war.
 Article XII of the protocol empha- sizes the complexity of conditions under which the council of the League may be called upon to exercise its functions concerning economic and financial sane tions. Hence the decision to ask the technical organizations of the League to help the council in the elaboration of plans of action of economic and financial cooperation between state attacked and the various countries as- sisting that state.
 Might Calm AggressOr
 The officials explain that by making a sanction elastic-a system which would be followed only in a last resort by military sanctions-it will be possible to adopt it to different contingencies and also to apply it without going so far as war with an aggressor state, whose warlike intentions probably would be overcome by systematic preliminary pressure.
 Tt is hoped it would be possible for some states which for some reason felt unable to go to the full extent of the sanctions to apply only the first two or three stages, or at least to bind themselves beforehand, apply only the definitely the defined changes"
 Referring to that stage of the protocol touching on consideration by the cOun- ell of domestic disputes which have been thrown out of court by the World Tribunal of Justice, reiteratiOn is given here officially to the explanation that the council of the League has no power to impose any kind of decision or award upon interested parties
 It is pointed out that all the council can do is to mediate between parties. In other words the council will give the matter at isue an international airing in conciliatory atmosphere. The , protocol was amended in this respect at the suggestion of the Japanese dele