Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-16
New Map Of Modern Europe
Designed for Use in Schools
accompanying Matter Explains Changes
Made by Ward. C. Pupils No,U Forced
to Study With Obsolete Text Books.


Of Firginia). with population of
4,750,0o0. The new boundaries give
the kingdom an area of approx
mately 41,000 square miles tthe size of
Ohio).
BY provisions of the document
which will be known in history $
the Treaty of Sevres, the sick Man
of Europe" concerning whose health
Car Nicholas l of Russia FIRST ex-
pressed grave alarm nearly three
quarters of a'century ago, was pro-
nounced dead by the physician poll
ticians. Turkey in Europe" became,
for time. scarcely more than a
name-a small tract OF land (the
Chatalja districO west of CONSTANT
nople, embracing the area from
which the Sublime Porte gets its
water.
The BsrdaneIles, the Bosporus and
the shores of the Sea of Marmora be-
came The Zone of the Straits" con-
trolled and governed by an Interal-
lied Commission, and Z small area
known as the Suvla Reservation
Haiiipoli Peninsula). was set aside
as cemetery for the allies who fell
In the attempt to take Constantine
pie. Greece received Turkish Thrace,
which lies to the southwest of Con-
stantinople.
Italy Ignores Agreement.
one of the unusual settlements
growing out of the Treaty of Sevres
was the disposition of the "Dodeca-
nese tSporades) - twelve islands
which Italy occupied during the Tur-
co-italian War of 1912. 1t was ar
ranged that Turkey should cede them
10 ltalE' who, In turn, on the same
DAY and at the same place, was to
ceue all or the group except Rhodes
70 dreecc. The islands. however,
nave never been coded. and only
le" weeks ago Premier Mussolini
announced in a public address at
Naples, their annexation to Italv
Rhodes, according to a Greek-ItsI
ian agreement, was to have remained
under Italian administration Is
years, at the end of which time a
pieolscite was to have been held; but
IL, IN The meantime, Great Britain
should decide to relinauish Cyprus
IN favor of Greece, Rhodes likewise
was to be surrendered.
Glance at New Republics.
Having viewed the shrunken boun-
oarles of these old monarchies and
empires OF Europe, let us glance at
the new names which illumine the
map-the republics of Finland, Es-
lnohla, LatEia, Lithuania, Poland and
o,IechosioVa and the Cenfedera-
'lon OF Soviet Republics of Russia.
Or the new nations, the republic IF
Finland was born of the var viii
less travail than any others. After
oeins united to the Russian empire
DIS an autonomous grand duchy for
more than a century. it's House of
representative proclaimed the states
Independence in December, 1917. and
IL became a republic according to the
Iohsututional law of June II, 1919
nas oeen recognized as a sovereign
state by the world powers.
In square miles Of territory Fin
Iand equals Czechoslevakia, Austria.
hungary and Bulgaria combined. n
mas population of $4,000. By
treaty with Soviet Russia December
81, 1920, the new republic acquired
TUE 10 the region to its northeast
iormefiy designated as the "Pechenga
oistrlct, $500 square miles, with
LOO inhabitants. This district has
been renamed Petsamo.
Controversy Settled BY League.
One of the most serious centre-
EerSlal issues growing out Of the es-
adjustment of the Finnish republic
was the disposition of the Aland
Islands. Formerly the property ~
Sweden, the 5000 rocky islands. Of
which perhaps 80 are inhabited, were
ceded with Finland to Russia more
than 100 years ago. The population,
which was estimated at 10000 be-
fore the World War. Is mainly of
Swedish descent.
The council of the League of Ma
tons appointed a commission to mako
an inquiry 1t submitted its report
June "a. 1921. The islands were given
to Finland by the council of the
League of Nations to be neutraIized
from military standpoint, and the
were given full guaran-
tees OF unfettered autonomy. Sweden
under protest bowed to the decision.
Finland was one of the first civil
lied countries to elect women to its
legislative body, while the country
was still grand duchy of Russia,
and 1T was one Of the first, If not the
first, to adopt equal suffrage for
women.
Lithuahia Is Size Of Georgia.
Second in size among the inde-
pendent republics which have split
away from the old empire of the
tsars is Lithuania, lying along the
southern shores of the Baltic Sea and
occupying nearly $4,000 square miles. |
being comparable in size to our State
Of Georgia, with population of
:, 300, 000-a little less than Georgia's. |
Latvia, which is sandwiched be- |
tween Lithuania and Esthonia, is |
about the size Of West Virginia with |
some $4,000 square miles), and has
100000 people.
Esthonia. with 1900 square miles
fabout equal to Massachusetts, and |
Vermont combined), has something
over q. million people. Much of it's
land is marsh. and 1t also contains
the large Lake Peipus. occupying
some 1900 square miles.
AS reconstructed, the Republic of
Poland, wits its seat of government
in the ancient capital of Warsaw,
derived it's territory from the three
powers which profited by the three
the last Of which took
place a century and a quarter ago.
From Germany tho allied and asso-
ciated powers took parts of Posen,
West Prussia, East Prussia and Sile-
STA; from Austria Hungary, most of
Galicia and q part of the crownland
of Bukowina, and from Russia all of
Russian Poland.
Boundary Fixed by War.
The eastern boundary Of tho new
Poland was not definitely fixed by
the allies because Of chaotic condi-
tions in Russia-conditions which pre-
cluded any possibility of a definite
boundary treaty being negotiated.
Subsequently the Poles and the Boil
sheviks, after bitter warfare, sign
ed an armistice and established what
has become known as the Polish
Bolshevik armistice line of October
IL, 1920"
This latter line added to the re-
habilitated republic 10000 square
miles. Thus the nation, with an
area of approximately 10000 square
miles exceeds by one-third the area
of pre-war Italy and has popula-