Evening star., 1924-08-17
QUERY BY DARROW
REVEALS AL|EN|ST
NEVER TESTED BOYS
Formed Opinion Merely by
Observation, Not Examina.
ton, Expert Declares.
DEFENSE CLAIMS GAIN
IN DAYS TESTIMONY
Finding, Entered in Record, Shows
No Minor in Like Case
- Hanged in Decade.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, August 16.-Testimony
of DR.. H. Douglas Singer, fourth
alienist for the prosecution, that
Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold
jr., were entirely normal when they
kidnapped and killed 14-year- -old Rob-
ert Franks last May Il, was sub
jected today to the expert cross-cx-
animation of Clarence S. Darrow
chief defense counsel
The hearing to determine whether
Judge John r. Caverly shall infiict
the death penalty on the youths on
their plea of guilty. or shall impose
penitentiary sentences upon the plea
for mitigation of punishment, was
enlivened by frequent clashes of Mr..
Darrow with the witness and again
with Robert Z. Grove, States attor-
ney.
Defense Claims Gains.
At adjournment the defense claimed
these Were net gains:
Admission by DR.. Singer that he
had reached conclusions by observa-
ton and not examination: that a split
alienists existing in both boys.
might be evidence toward a mental
disorder; that the present ages of
both Loeb and Leopold is the critical
time for developing mental sick
ness" and that a dream life might
influence personality.
DR.. Singer did not deviate from
his general declaration that he had
found no evidence in his observa-
tions nor in the testimony of defense
experts to sway him from his con-
clusionS that there was mo evidence
to indicate a diseased mind in either
youth" and that they had displayed
normal emotions and that their phan-
tasy lives contained nothing abnor-
NAL. The other leg of the triangular
plea of the defense-functional dis
orders OF the enoCrine gland syS-
tems-was not touched upon today.
Mr.. Darrow was gratified by get
ting into the record a statement by
James Quinlan. at one time an offi-
cial of lie State penitentiary, but
now E.wyer, that $40 persons had
pleaded guilty to murder in Illinois
in the last ten years and that only
one. Thomas Fitzgerald, nearly 40
years old, had been hanged Mr.. Oar
rows point was to bring out that no
youths OF the ages of Leopold and
Loeb had paid the supreme penalty
upon pleas of guilty, and that Mr.
Grove, who has termed the Franks
case a perfect hanging case" SEN
fenced Fitzgerald.
Accusations Fly.
Once during today's short session
Mr.. Grove charged that the defense
was trying to cheat the law Mr..
Darrow countered by accusing Mr..
Grove of having held Loeb and Leo
pold illegally while he forced con-
fessions from them. At another point
the two argued hAatedly when Mr..
Grove referred to the youths as
''crinnnals"
You are not trying to fool me, are
you, doctor?" presaged one of Mr..
Darrow's tilts with the witness. and
you are not trying to avoid US, are
tor, retaining his calm under the in
quisition by MIR. Darrow, each time
shot back invitations to try and find
out.
What other names do they use for
split personality?" asked MIR Dar-
row.
"Phantasies, delusions, illusions,
mannerisms, etc, they are all evil
dences of split personality" replied
Or. Singer.
The "schizophrenic person" was
new conner in the hearing. He was
by DR.. Singer in a book in
which he had sought to define more
definitely persons with split person
alities, Mr.. Darrow reading extensive
ly from the work.
Wins Admission from Singer.
1t was in that connection that the
defense counsel obtained the admis-
sion from Dr.. Singer that schizo-
phrenia, the inclination of parts OF
the personality to split off. is more
likely to develop into insanity in in
telligent persons Of the approximate
ages of Loeb and Leopold than in
others.
Cross examination OF DR.. Singer
was unfinished when the hearing was
adjourned until Monday. 1t was indi-
Gated the defense would end it's ques-
.ioning by Monday noon. There Is
)nly one remaining witness. DIR. w. ..
hrohn of Chicago, veteran expert wit
1ess in murder trials, and regarded
IS the prosecutions ACE" Attorneys
estimated that a day and a half would
suffice for hearing his testimony, per-
arguments in the hearing to
De started possibly Wednesday morn
ng.
Loeb and Leopold found much cause
Tor merriment in the heated ex-
changes between counsel and witness
today.