The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-07-08
tcontinued from paKe ID

said that the best combination was
that of proletarian revolution with
peasant war. Thus, the rising of the
proletariat together with agrarian re-
volution:
@ National war and colonial ris-
ings. The mutual relations and infu.
ence of these processes can be shown
in our draft program. The divisions
among the imperialist powers as the
basis for the creation of a new order
of proletarian dictatorship.
2. The change in the objective
meaning of this process, from the
point of view of its general historical
conditions.
If an isolated national revolution.
airy movement occurs, it is no part of
the general process OF world revolu-
ton. 1t is otherwise, however, if it
can be regarded as a part Of the world
revolution.
3. Ripe and unripe countries, from
the point of view of preparation for
Socialism. This point of view of pre-
paration for Socialism. This point is
related to those enumerated above.
There are various stages and periods
of transition in the ripeness for So
cialism in various countries For in
stance, Russia. Here there has been
much dispute, as to whether we have
the material basis for socialism, or
not. Russia is clear example in
which, while not all the material con-
ditions are ripe, the proletariat, be-
cause it has risen victorious, has the
opportunity to achieve socialism-if
not rapidly, at least step by step.
This question was touched upon in
one Of Lenin's last articles. l believe
that the consideration of this question
is very important, in order to grasp
the many-sided nature of the process
es of world revolution.
4. The various types of socialism
and capitalism.
Various Types.
1t is absolutely clear that, from the
abstract analytical standpoint, the
basis of the revolution on the one
side, and of the early stages of po-
sitive socialist development on the
other, mark the end of the given
period of capitalist development. From
the practical standpoint we must dis
tinguish various types. Capitalism,
which has existed for many centuries,
shows at the end of its development
very varied and peculiar features. If
for instance, we compare the capital
ism of France with that of the United
States we see that both are in their
death throes not in a literal sense
but considered from the broader his
torical standpoint; but we also see
that they are very different The
French capitalist State is of the small
RENTER type. One can naturally go
farther in seeking out the various
types. l am only making general OBJ
seryations. But from these observa-
tions it follows absolutely clearly
that the early stages of socialism will
similarly have their peculiar types.
The decisive factor is the social-econ-
omic structure of the country. In Rus
STA, for instance, where the form of
the early stages of socialism is strong
ly Influenced by the peasants and the
y-bourgeoisie, one speaks of Ash
attic socialism. These features would
not appear in England for instance.
5. The revolution from proletarian
dictatorship into socialism.
On this matter l made a report to
the Fourth Congress of the Inter
national.
After the conquest of power, pro-
cess of evolution begins. After the re-
evolutionary upheaval we have the pre-
quisites for further development. This
process is governed by other laws
than the process before the conquest
of power. This Technology with re-
gard to evolution has fallen somewhat
into disfavor because the reformists
have made much use of it. Their mis-
take lies in that they wish to solve the
pIOblCAl VI CNOlutlOn lulO SOCldliSlu
before the dictatorship, when the pre-
requisites for this are not yet present.
For them, as the war clearly showed,
it was evolution proceeding within the
organism of the capitalist State. The
leap-the-dictatorship-was ruled out.
This, to which the name of social evo-
luton was given, was quite a wrong
attitude; in reality it was only an
evolution into the bourgeois State.
That does not mean however that no
disturbances of a catastrophe ma
ture are possible in the early stages
of socialism. Counter-revolution which
would throw back the whole process
is possible. On the other hand there
are possibilities of class conflicts
which are not particularly evolution
airy. For instance, in Russia we had
various peasant risings in which the
richer peasant united with the bour-
geois traitors. These occurrences are
nothing but the fluctuations in their
aarliar atouaa Thav roola M dfffar.