davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
DISCOVER Y OF
RADIUM WAS
BY ACCIDENT
X-Ray Also Made Known
Though Experiments
With CrookeS Tube,
BY DAVID DIETZ,
Science Editor of The Times

Copyright by David Dietz)
IA OLECULES, as we have said,
IINE are composed of atoms. Atoms
III differ in size and weight.
All the atoms of any one chemical
element are thought to be alike, but
the atoms OF different elements differ
from each other in size and weight
Since molecules are composed of at
oms, atoms are still smaller than mole
cules. 1t would take about 400.
100000 atoms in a row to make a line
an inch long
For IA long time it was supposed
that atoms were indivisible and the
smallest particles II. existence.
But scientists have discovered that
atoms are in turn composed of smaller
particles called electrons.
Is Interesting Story
The story of the discovery Of tho
electron is one Of the most interest
ing in tbs annals Of science.
The WORK began with the expert
ments OF Sir William Crookes in about
the year 1880
Crookes experimental with glass
tubes from which almost all the air
had been extracted When he sent
an electric discharge through the re-
sulting vacuum, the tube lit up with
faint phosphorescent glow
Crookes thought that there was
new or fourth state Of matter revealed
here. The previous known states of
matter were solid liquid and gaseous.
Crookes called this supposed fourth
state radiant matter"
Some years later. in 1895 Prof. VIII
helm Roentgen was experimenting
with a CroOkes tube He had it GOV.
cred up with some Opaque stuff.
He Ves astOnished to see a chemi-
cal screen near by glow. Further OK
periments by Roentgen proved that
the rays from the Crookes tube would
go through all sorts Of opaque sub
stances.
Lead to X-Ray
This led to the discovery of the
X-ray, which we shall discuss in de-
taiElater
A year after Roentgens discovery.
Antoine Becquerel. French scientist.
undertook to experiment with phos-
phorescent substances, that is, sub
stances which become luminous when
exposed to sunlight. to see If they pos
sessed X-ray properties.
BY accident. he left some uranium
salts wrapped up, on Photographic
plate. To his surprise. he found some
sort of radiation from the salts had
left an image on the plate. Here was
a substance which seemed TO be Civ
ing off X-rays all the time Of it's own
accord.
Curie Takes Up Study
Prot Pierre Curie took up the study
OF this phenomenon and at his death.
his wife. Madame Marie Curie, contin-
ued the work. She discovered radlum.
Further experiments with radium
proved that the atoms of radium in
addition TO giving out rays like X-rays
were actually breaking into pieces
and expelling from themselves the
particles out OF which they were built.
These particles were named cleo
irons. Sir Joseph j. Thompson. Brit
ish physicist, was the first to recognize
the true nature OF the electron and
hence the discoverer Of the election.
NEXT ARTICLE IN SERIES: THE
ELECTION.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Readers Discuss ViezQs in Times Forum

wouldn't be any standing room, es-
pecially If it were compulsory for q
car rider to sit down if a seat were
available HONEST CITIZEN.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Family Fun
In Dads Library

In Dads Library
|, Where does he keep his flask of
rye?'
In the bookcase. behind Great Elk
pectations'
"I'll bet when it's empty. he sticks
it in back of Bleak House Judge.
Daughters Solo
II was encored three times,
wasn't I?'
Yes; the audience seemed to realize
that you needed practice. Boston
Transcript
Sister Lands Him
Last night l dreamed l was
married to the most beautiful girl in
the world"
ooh. George! Were we happy?'
Goblin. y
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
AXE YOUR COMMENT BRIEF

America would be in a better condi-
ton than she is at present.
HARRY ALLEN,
louisville, Ind.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

CLEVELAND is officially calling upon other cities to send
detectives help protect the delegates Republican
tional convention from pickpockes Pickpockets?
Heaven protect the delegate who takes wells along
him
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
ROxie StinSon Tells of Events
Leading Up to ex-HuS-
bands Death,

Following is the third OF a series on
Washington conditions by Julian Street,
noted author and magazine writer
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Woman s Grooming Glory

"Womans mans bu from our
Bureau Ills how
Whether not other tells everything
md how
it, hat of
No has dressing will best suit
1 |
how to bullet hu
ow and mall
her hair Washington
BEAUTY EDITOR, Washington Indianapolis
New York Ave, c.
a of he bulletin ncosa
herewi cents IN postage for
NAME .............
............
cAREFUILY-GIvE FULL ADDRESS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

How can one keep white hair
from acquiring yellowish tinge?
1t is often found beneficial to rinse
the hair in weak solution of bluing
water. Grea; care must be exercised,
however, and the hair should be i'm
mediately dried in the sun.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Daughters Solo
Sister Lands Him

I ~ III lawyer ITOIn chicago stopped
smoking long enough to tell
- about his lean days when he
was a judge in a small town.
There was case IN court of di-
vorce. The woman was suing the
man and, after several hours of none
too interesting court routine. the law
yer for the husband asked the would
be divorce IL she could give any fur
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
What is the best way to start

What Is the best way to start
a camp fire?
Take two sticks and lay them
parallel, about nine inches apart. Lay
two more in tho opposite direction on
top of the ends Of the first two sticks,
then two more, the square so made
being about three sticks high. In the
center of this is laid small fire of
dried leaves and small dried twigs.
When the fire is well started larger
twigs should be added slowly until
there is a bed of Goals on which can
be put short sticks of wood
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
What Is a camn nig?

What Is a camp pIR!
Whole logs set up off the ground
about one foot, on rustic legs made of
tree branches whitfield to point and
driven into holes in the log which
have either been bored or whitfield
out nail may be put in on the side
afterwards to hold the pigs legs IN
place The bark may or may not be
peeled The name is given because
the seat looks so squatty.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Q U E S T I o N s
Ask The Times
A N S w T r s

You can get an answer TO any ques-
ton OF fact or information by writing
20 the Indianapolis Times Washington
Bureau, 1922 New York Ave WASH
ington. D C.. mclosing . cents in
stamps for reply Medical. legal and
marital advice cannot be given. nor
can extended research be undertaken.
All other questions will receive per-
soua reply. Unsigned requests cannot
he answered All letters are conhden-
uRl.-Editor
Are there any Hungarian
actresses?
There are numerous actresses in
their native country. but we do not
recall any famous one on the Amer
lean stage at present Joseph Schild-
kraut. the actor, is a Hungarian.
What is the address of Estelle
Taylor
2o2S Cahuenga Ave. Los Angeles.
Cal.
What is the best way to keep
books in a library2
They are best kept on open. airy,
well-ughted shelves. When there has
been a prolonged spell Of moist
weather. their covers should be wiped,
and they should be placed In the sun
or before fire for few hours. Damp
also causes the bindings and leaves
of some books to become separate.
Where It is necessary to keep books
or paper of any description in boxes,
cupboards. or closed bookcases, some
napthalene balls or camphor should be
always present with them. If cam
phor be used 1t is best to wrap 1t in
paper, otherwise it volatilizes more
quickly than is necessary. q. In dry
weather the doors of closed bookcases
should be left open occasionally. as a
damp still atmosphere is most favor
able to deterioration.
OF what does clerical work con-
sist?
In general of such tasks eas sorting
papers. addressing envelopes. copying
by hand, making out simple reports
and keeping records.
Has the United States ever
coined octagonal fifty dollar gold
pieces?
Yes. in 1915, for the Panama-Paciflc
Exposition
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05
Fellowship OF
Draper

Daily Lenten Bible reading and
meditation prepared for Commission on
Evangelism OF Federal Council of the
Church Of Christ in America.
SATURDAY
The Moral Gutter
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

What Is the address of Estelle
Taylor2
1929 Cahuenga Ave. Los Angeles
Cal.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

Has the United States ever
coined octagonal fifty dollar gold
pieces?
Yes, in 1915, for the Panama-Paciflc
Exposition.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

Nine coaches ran wild in Indiana,
just like a baseball team.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-04-05

IA OLECULES, as we have said,
IWII are composed of atoms. Atoms
IL differ in size and weight.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
W., B. & A. PASSENGER
TRAFFIC HOLDING UP
Favorable Earnings Expected for
August as Result of Recent
Rise in Fares.
Special Dispatch to The Star.

BALTIMORE, September IA bet =
ter showing in the financial condition
of the Washington, Baltimore and An
napolis railway is expected when the
figures for August are announced next
week. The increase recently granted
by the Public Service Commission. it
is believed, will be shown in the Au-
gust report to have worked out salts
factorily. in so far as holding pas
senger traffic is concerned.
One of the problems faced by execu-
tives of the road when it was decided
to ask for an increase was whether
duce the volume of traffic to a point
So far there has been no indication
of such a cut in traffic, it is explained.
Eliminating the ten days in June,
vention was held in Washington, a
study of the remaining 20 days in
that month and the first 90 days Of
July as compared with the corre-
spending days of this year, shows
that traffic over the W., b. &, A. was
practically the same in each year. Ad-
vance estimates indicate that volume
of passenger traffice for August of
this year will compare favorably with
that of the corresponding month of
1923.
1t is pointed out that despite the
increase in fares there is still a
saving to the passenger going to
Washington, as compared with the
rates of the steam roads. And it is
from the Washington-Baltim pas
senger traffic that the road derives a
large part of it's revenue.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
MARKETS REVIEWED
Government Report Shows Today's
Conditions in Wholesale
Trade.

The daily market report on fruits
and vegetables compiled by the
Market News Service, Bureau of Ag-
ricultural Economics) says:
Apples - Supplies light: demand
light: market dull. Bushel baskets
Maryland and Virginia, various vari-
cites, 1.a5a1.75: few Crimes and Sum-
mer Rambos, 1.Ioa2.00.
Cantaloupes - Supplies moderate;
demand moderate: market fairly
steady. Colorado. Pink Meats. flats.
12s and 15s, 90a1.0O; Jumbo flats. 9s,
mostly 100: 12s, l.00a1.10: Salmon
Tints. standards, ASS, mostly $50.
Jumbos, 36s and ASS, mostly 400.
Onions-Supplies moderate. demand
moderate. market slightly weaker:
New York and Ohio, 100-lb. sacks
yellow varieties, No. l, 2.15a2.35; few
$50
Peaches-Supplies moderate, de-
mand moderate! market steady: Fir-
ginia and Maryland bushel baskets
Elbertas. medium to large size best,
275a3.O0; some fair color. 2.00a2. so
various varieties small size, far
color, 1.00a1.50. Maryland, IS, Ell
bertas, best. 2.00a250. New Jersey,
bushel baskets Bellies, mostly 200.
Potatoes-Supplies moderate; de-
neand moderate. market about steady.
New Jersey. 150-lb. sacks Irish Cob
blers, U. S. No. 1. 2.5oa2.65; Giants,
U. S. No. /, 2.35a2.40 per sack.
Sweet potatoes-Supplies limited;
demand moderate. market slightly
weaker. North Carolina and Nor
fork section. Va, cloth top stave bar
rels, yellow varieties, No. 1, 4.00a4.50.
Homegrown, uncovered barrels Nancy
Halls, best. 600.
Lettuce-Supplies moderate. De-
mand moderate. Market steady. New
York. crates big Boston type. fair
quality, 1.50a1.75.
Tomatoes - Homegrown supplies
moderate. Demand good. Mark ct
steady. Homegrown, half bushel
hampers No. l mostly, 100.
Grapes-Homegrown receipts mod
crate. Demand moderate. Market
steady. California, crates Flame
Tokays mostly, 200. Homegrown, g.
basket crates, various varieties, 1.50a
200,
String beans-Supplies moderate,
Demand light. Market weak. Home
grown, barrels mostly, 800.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
BOND PRICES FIRM
At CLOSE Of WEEK
High-Grade Rails Maintain
Best LeveIs-IntereSt in
Foreign Group.
BY GEORGE r. HUGHES.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, September 13-
Prices held firm in today's short ses-
sion of the bond market. High grade
rails such as Union Pacific first 4s,
Atlantic Coast Line As and Baltimore
and Ohio first As all maintained their
best prices of the week. The demand
for this class of security has been
very strong of late Notwithstanding
the low yield and the belief freely
expressed by dealers that prices are
around the peak. The buying, how
ever. keeps up. especially in the low
coupon bonds. Presumably 1t is
banks and financial institutions which
nave been taking these high-grade
bonds. II SO. 1t would indicate that
bankers do not expect higher inter-
est rates.
Foreign Bonds Attract.
There were some signs today of an
increased interest in foreign bonds,
although prices We're only fraction
ally changed Belgian 7I.s and SIS
were in fairly good demand. probably
IN tardy recognition that the seasoned
Belgian bonds are selling on higher
yield basis than the new 6i2s. which
nave enjoyed an advance OF points
over the offering price. Belgian 7E s
have the additional speculative at
traction in that $2.000.000 are called
annually. the numbers being drawn
by lot at l16. Belgian SIS will also
be callable for the sinking fund at
lO1 x. beginning in 1925.
There was also today n better tone
for French bonds. both the IS and the
l3s scoring slight gains. Sentiment
was helped by the renewal of the
American bankers credit to France
an hn f.ll
to he placed after the German bonds
have been marketed. If new French
financing is to be done in this mar
ket. 1t ought to indicate confidence
on the part of the bankers in French
financial stability which should be
reflected in the market for olstand
ing French securities.
Rally i'm st. Paul Issues.
The rally in st. Paul bonds which
followed yesterdays optimistic state
ment by the vice president of the road
as to earnings for the balance of the
year was maintained in today's mar
ket Prices did not advance. however
On the week the feature has been
the collapse in all the junior st.
Paul liens. the largest loss being
sustained by the As of 1925.
This is on the theory that inasmuch
as the securty is tile same for all
bonds issued under the refunding
mortgage the cheapest are the re-
funding 4ias because they are of
the longest term and the most ex-
pensi1e are the As of 1925 because
their maturity is nearest. lnterna-
tional Great Northern adjustments
were strong again today above 81,
which is a point above the low of the
week.
s4s.OOO. 900 In New Liens.
In the fractions the feature today
was Hudson and Manhattan incomes
approaching 6s. only half point be-
low the high Of the year
New issues this week totaled nearly
$4,000, 900, the greater part of which
were State and municipal offerings.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET

CHICAGO, September II Omitted
States Department of Agricultural
1000: compared week
ago in-between grades, weiehty fed
steers. so to 20 lower: spots more.
most grades fed yearlinGs, better
grades handy weight and strictly
choice heavy steers about steady:
Western grass steers to killers. % TO
So lower: fat she stock, 25 to rs off
grassy kind, so to - off: Gamers
about steady; bulls, 80 lower; veal
calves, $50 to eco lower; heavy grass
calves extremely slow: sharing de
cline; bulk, 500 downward: stockers
and feeders. strong to % higher; bulk
prices follow: Fed steers and year
lings, S.25a1075; Western grass
steers. 6.50a7.50; fat cows. 4Ooa6. 90.
heifers. 6.o0as25; Gamers and cutters.
2.15a3.35; veal calves. l1.0oa12.50:
stockers and feeders. 5.50a7.50.
Sheep-Receipts 1000: today's re
ceipts mostly direct; for week around
$500 direct; 2Si cars feed lots: COM
pared week ago fat lambs generally
steady: sheep and feeding lambs. %
higher; weeks bulk prices follow
Western fat lambs. 14.00a14.o5: top,
1880: natives. 13.50a14.O0: top. 1925
fat ewes. 4.15a6.50; top range ewes to
killers. 1913; feeding lambs, 12.75a
1910; top, 1925; full mouth feeding
ewes, 6.50a750; feeding ewes, 450
a575.
HOGS - Receipts 5000: mostly
steady; heavy butchers slow: killing
pigs and light, light strong to 25
higher: shipping demand fair: top.
1910 for one load: bulls. good and
choice. $50 to 300 pound averages.
9.90al0.30; desirable, 140 to $50 pound
weight largely, 9.70a9.9O; bulk pack
ing sows, S.75aS.95; strong weight
slaughter pigs larger, S25a9.00: esti-
mated hold over, 5000; slaughter pigs.
750a9.25.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
SUGAR STOCKS STRONG.
Today's Market Feature-Maxwell
Does Best Among Motors.
BY STUART p. YVES
Special DISPATCH to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The star.
NEW YORK, September 13.-SuSar
stocks were the strong points in a
dull market today. Cuba Cane pre-
1erred. crossing 66. was up over d
point. So was Punta Allegro. around
So. Some buying came into Cuban
Dominican preferred, and American
Sugar got above 4S. The strength in
these stocks was in keeping with the
recent advance in raw sugar prices
and the belief that il would carry
further
Among the motors Studebaker was
we'll uStained. but made no progress
Maxwell shares were the feature. The
pool operation, resumed day or two
ago on the strength of the remark
able upturn in the companys earn
inSs, WAS evidently still under way.
Oil shares Depressed.
The oil SHARES continued to feel the
de pressing influence OF Fridays cut
in gasoline prices in the Middle West.
Talk OF Pennsylvania buying caused a
further advance in Norfolk and West
ern at the start but the stock reacted
later. Delaware and Hudson was
bought by people who reckoned upon
a separation of the coal and rail
properties and the disclosure of a
value in the former far greater than
anything revealed in present earnings
statements.
Public Utilities stocks stood out
again. RumorS of a dividend in
crease were responsible for the
strength Of Columbia Gas. There was
revival OF interest in United Rail
ways Investment preferred which ran
UP over a point. This drew with it in
q moderate way Philadelphia Com
pany stock.
More Light on Utah.
More light was thrown on the re-
cent strength of Utah Securities to-
day by the report of subsidiaries
earnings for August and the II months
ended August 81. The balance for
August. after taxes but before inter
est depreciation. etc. amounted to
si69,935, as against S432.66+ in Au-
gust, 1925 The u months balance
was S5,349.054. as compared with
81 9Se.A6I in the previous year. But
probably the idea of deal with other
public utility interests. frequently
mentioned, had more to do with the
run up tu Utah securities than the
report.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
END COVERING
HOLDS COTTON UP
Reports of Rain in Southwest I'm
portant Factor in Days
Trading.
Ey the Associated Press.

EE he AsS0riat led Press
NEW YORK. September ia fur
ther decline which carried the price
of December contracts off to 22.O2 at
the opening OF the cotton market to-
day was checked by covering for over
the week end.
The disposition of recent sellers to
rebuy. may have been Increased by
private reports of further rains in the
Southwest, but bearish sentiment was
still much in evidence and apparent
dy found encouragement on the rel
atIVely easy cables and talk of con-
tinued free spot offerings in the South
The latter was colored bv further
Southern selling here and rallies of
10 to II points from the opening
figures were barely maintained in
ear trading.
Evening star., 1924-09-13
GRADUAL ADVANCES
IN BUTTER MARKET
by the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
CHICAGO, September 1.-THE I,1r-
ter market during the week ruIeG
steady to firm, price changes beine
small, but with gradual advances
Trading was quiet, but sufficiently
active to prevent any weakness and
10 effect close clearance of fame,
butter.
The medium and underscorcs con
tlnued 10 move slowly. especially on
the Eastern markets. where dealers
often found il necessary to offer
slight concessions in order to NOV,
stocks.
Centralized car market did no,
share in the firmness of the socallcd
whole milk butter. While trading
was not active, the fine cars scoring
80 or better were usually readilv
moved because of their scarcity
Viewed as whole, the markets
were firm on top scores and ranged
from easy to steady on the lower
grades.
The movement of the surplus into
consuming outlets is one of the big
gest tasks now confronting the trade
Closing wholesale prices. 80 score
butter and price range at the markets
follow: Chicago, 4 higher. at 371.
New York. IL at 50: Boston, u at
80: Philadelphia. / 4 higher, at 40
Evening star., 1924-09-13
CHICAGO GRAIN PRICES.

CHICAGO, September 13.-Influ-
enced by bearish comment from the
Kansas State Board of Agriculture,
the grain markets underwent a de-
cided setback in price today during
the early dealings. The comment was
to the effect that quotation advances
of late for wheat and corn had fully
discounted all known bullish condi-
tions. In the wheat market, as we'll
as in the other pits, general selling
took place as a result. and substan-
tial support which developed on the
declines failed to act as an Offset
Wheat opening prices, which ranged
from / to cents lower, with Decem-
Der 1.32 to 1924 and May 1.38 to 1.39,
were followed by something of
rally and then by another sag
Corn showed even greater weak
ness than wheat. After opening y to
3s lower, December 1.12A to LIS,
the market recovered to only a mod
crate extent.
Oats started at s to 1h decline
December 52N to 53A. Later the
market rallied a little.
Provisions were depressed with
Evening star., 1924-09-13
TREASURY ISSUES II.
CALL FOR FUNDSlA
This District Gets $685. r
600 Allotment of Latest
Government Offering.
By CHAS. p. SUAEFE,En

secretary of the Treasury Me1Iop
mas called on the banks OF the conn
,rs 10 pay into their regional mem
oers not later than Monday next tho
paiance OF the proceeds of the March
10, 1879. per cent, one-year certi6-
cd.es or Indebtedness.
The amount PAYABLE is s27 900 nm
Ihe original loan was for s4oo ooo ooo
= oolislstlhS of cash payments of $3.50
'-o,oVo and exchanges of s137.365 OOo
ne new Treasury obligation re-
ISSUED was overSubscribed hv
more than 100000, 900. and alIot-
,,dehls VIII be made to tho extent NJ
So'l."69,500. it was announced This
',Iorhlns. OF the total amount sub
cbans,a S-''ssZ,eoo represented ex-
ehahses and the balance cash
Inc Richmond territory Jared well
IN IN the distribution. receivinp sIe
''o OF the slS,S07,00O subscribed
surplus Cars D~creax.d.
SuIpius freight cars on August 81
'otaide 23I.677. a decrease of 2s5e.
compared with the previous week
the American Railway Association
announced today.
surplus coal cars in good repair
on august 81 numbered l11.o54 :.
loss OF S,0S4 under the previous we.L
nlIe surplus box cars in good repafr
.o.aied os.l54, decrease Of 1871
WITHIN approximately week.
More Commercial Failures.
Noiriherciai failures in the United
states TINS week increased TO 31q
against 251 in the preceding werk
ana 296 in the corresponding weeL
last Year, X. q. Dun & Go. reports
Unlisted Securities Prices
me following latest bid" and
ash prices for unlisted securitfe
are quoted for the guidance of hold.
ers of these issues:
BONDS