davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Treating Cabbage
Seed Meets Favor
Two Methods Outlined for
Preventing Injurious
Diseases of Plant.

/
| prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Two methods for the treatment of
cabbage seed for the prevention of the
very prevalent diseases-blackleg and
black rot-are recommended by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture as very essential and low priced
insurance. Mercuyic-chlorid seed treat
ment is by far the simpler method and
has practically no Ill effects on the
seed. It's only Jimitation-and this is
often a serious one-is that blackleg
fungus, though greatly reduced, is not
entirely killed, although black rot Is
almost completely controlled. When
seed is known to be entirely free from
blackleg this method is adequate, but
when the seed is known to be infested
with blackleg, the hot-water treatment
must be used. 1t will completely con-
troll the blackleg, but will reduce
somewhat the percentage of germina-
ton.
How to Make Solution.
+ Mefcuric Chord Corrosive subli-
mate) may be procured from any drug
store in readily soluble tablet form.
Following directions on the package,
make up l to 1000 solution, avoiding
metal containers. Place the seed on
the center Of square piece of coarse
cheesecloth of such size that when the
edges are drawn together and tied the
improvised sack is not more than one
third full. immense in the disinfectant,
agitating the seed vigorously so as to
remove the air and thoroughly wet he
seed coats. Soak for 80 minutes. Re
move. rinse in clean water, and allow
to drain several minutes Open the
sack on table top, spreading the
cloth out fiat. Spread the seed over
the cloth In a shallow layer to facili-
tate drying.
Hot-Water Treatment.
For tne hot-water treatment prepare
the seed in a cheesecloth sack as de-
scribed in the above method. Provide
large vessel containing water adjust
ed to exactly 122 degrees F., reliable
IAiCA lhOlAClCl, anu StHIluS IOu. LII
merse the seed bag, agitating the seed
thoroughly and stirring the water
slowly. Keep the water temperature
approximately constant by adding
steam or boiling water whenever the
thermometer registers below 122 de-
grees F. Remove the seed bag for an
instant as the water or steam is added.
Soak for 80 minutes Remove to cold
water, drain and spread out to dry as
before.
Try the hot-water treatment on a
small sample of the seed and run a
termination test to determine the per-
centage of injury before treating the
entire lot.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Better BOOSTERS Needed
in Many Poultry Flocks

We have heard much Of better beef
sires and better dairy sires. A good
rooster is just as important to the
poultry flock. To prevent inbreeding
1t is necessary to get new blood at
least every two years. Buy new
cockerel and buy a good one. Be sure
he comes from healthy stock which
has been bred for egg production. Be
sure he has vigor, wide back, deep
abdomen, long body, full breast and
proper development. Don't buy Gull
or mongrel at any price. Then mate
him up to a dozen of your very best
hens; late moulters with lots Of room
In the rear and soft, flexible bodies.
The result should be better pullets.-
O. G. Krum, Poultry Specialist, Colo
RADIO Agricultural College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12

INCUBATING TURKEY
EGGS is HARD TASK

| prepared by the United States Department.
of Agrlculture)
There are certain factors in the in
cubation Of turkey eggs which are.
very important, and which mean
great deal in determining the number
| of fully matured pullets and cockerels
raised in the following year. In a
large measure the criterion of success
In turkey raising is the number Of
fully matured turkeys raised in pro-
portion to the total number of eggs
set. Therefore the eggs as laid must
be given the very best attention. High
fertility is desirable, and incubation
should be carried out in such a way
that as many Of the eggs as possible
will hatch Naturally, the vigor of the
breeding stock and the manner in
which it has been managed will deter
mine in large degree the quality Of
the Matching eggs.
The eggs should be collected reg
ularly every day and kept in a room
at temperature of from so degrees
to 60 degrees f. They should be
turned every day, but should be
handled carefully and should not be,
kept for over two weeks
The period of incubation Of turkey
eggs is % days, and the method Of
incubation is much the same as with
chicken eggs. Turkey eggs can be in
cubated under chicken hens, turkey
hens, or in incubators. If chicken hens
70 ir10 To fI1rLx
care must be taken not to give the
hen too many eggs, as from 9 to IL
are quite sufficient, depending upon
the size Of the hen as well as the
size Of the eggs. Nesting arrange
ments as well as other matters are
practically the same as in incubating
chicken eggs. The sitting hen should
be fed daily and given chance to
exercise.
When the turkey hen is allowed to
sit on her own eggs, conditions are
much the same as with the chicken
hen. Turkey hens will cover from 10
to 20 eggs. Nests are most convenient
ly arranged on the ground or in boxes
or barrels and should be covered so
that the turkey hen will not be dis
turbed. At the same time she should
be taken off daily and allowed to
exercise and should be given plenty
Of water to drink, and clean, whole
some feed, such as mixture of wheat
and oats.
When the turkey hen becomes
broody she should be allowed to sit
on the nest for two or three days be-
fore being intrusted with the eggs.
When she has remained on the nest
for two or three days she should then
be given her eggs and attended to
as suggested. II a number of hens
are sitting at the same time, care
should be taken to see that they get
back to the nests properly and that
no nest is left uncovered.
Both chicken and turkey hens, while
sitting on turkey eggs, should be
busted with sodium fluorid, using
small pinch under each wing, around
the thigh joint, over the back, under
the body and around the vent. In this
way the hen is rid of lice and the
poults at Matching time are not liable
to be infested with the parasites.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
FARM NOTES

Plan a large acreage Of feed crops.
Destroy all breeding places of flies.
Now weeds off of pastures every
two weeks.
Uncovered garbage pals and manure
piles are breeding places for flies.
Spray, or dust, the Irish potatoes
with arsenate of lead to control the
potato bug.
Plant every acre possible in soil
building crops, such as velvet beans,
cow peas, and soybeans.
Any farmer convicted of soil robbing
should be sentenced to the condemna-
ton of his neighbors.
For the striped beetle in the gar
den use Bordeaux-arsenate spray or
a 2 per cent nicotine dust.
Mulch the tomato plants heavily
with straw or leaves to conserve
moisture and prolong the fruiting
period.
Apply nitrate of soda to the garden
crops if they are not growing salts
factorily. Spray apple trees to con-
troll the cooling moth.
II
It is the duty of every family to
plant a garden which will provide an
adequate supply of vegetables for the
ontira wear
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Farm EAC.T,&:'

A bushel of sudan grass seed
weighs 40 pounds.
One row well hoed is worth many
rows full Of weeds.
Make sowing of wrinkled peas to
follow the earliest crops.
Be sure your dealer understands
where the cloverseed he is trying to
sell you. comes from.
Good fencing not only keeps live
stock at home, but it also keeps profits
from getting away.
Rebuilding isn't always necessary to-
make farm homes attractive. Paint
and shrubbery will work wonders.
Acid phosphate, one of the most
valuable sources of plant food, is now
close to the pre-war price.
-
A good farm has good garden. A
good farmer raises most Of his own
living.
Leaf lettuce and radishes with spin
ach are the first crops to be used up
In the early garden.
The incubation Of the common gar
den pea is only good for Canadian field
peas, garden peas and vetches.
Seed potatoes should be treated for
the prevention of rhyZoctonia and
scab.
String beans, either the bush or polA
varieties, are the most planted Of the
staple garden vegetables.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Dewberries Ripen Early
and Have Sweet Flavor

The dewberry fruits are larger than
those of the blackberry and ripen
earlier. They have very desirable
flavor all their own. They are not
hard to grow, but are sometimes rather
tickle in their bearing, but are made
more certain by having other berries
of the blackberry family blooming
about them, or two Or more varieties
of dewberries may be planted togeth-
er, as they do not self-fertilize very
well. They like rich clay soil, like
blackberries, but will grow well on
most Soils The canes are slender and
long and are best kept on fiat trellis
made by fastening two-foot strip Of
poultry wire Is inches above the
ground on stakes. The canes will
push up through the meshes and can
be left to spread over the surface Of
the wire and cultivation progress be-
low. This keeps the fruit up off the
ground.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Costs Of Producing
Wheat Vary Widely
Man and Horse Labor Found
to Be Largest Items.

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agriculture.)
Man and horse labor have been
found by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture to be the largest
single items of cost in producing
wheat, constituting about 30 per cent
Of the total cost. Materials such as
seed, binder twine, manure and fer
tilizer comprised about 10 per cent and
threshing about 8 per cent of the total
cost, in the departments survey. In
terest on land and machinery repre-
scented about 20 per cent, and "other
COSTS" including taxes and insurance,
use of equipment and miscellaneous
costs made up the remaining % per
cent.
The departments survey dealt with
the 1920 wheat crop on 467 farms in
Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas and Okla
homa, and was made primarily to aid
farmers by indicating how basic cost
data may be used in calculating pro
duction costs. The average man-labor
requirement for all districts was 8.8
hours per acre with corresponding
horsepower requirement of 1856 hours
per acre. 1t was learned that for most
operations somewhat less man labor
was required where tractor power was
used.
Costs Of producing wheat vary so
widely on different farms that an av-
erage cost figure is likely to be mis-
leading, declares the department. Net
costs per bushel to owners operating
their own farms were found to vary
from 80 cents to over So per bushel,
and on rented farms the variation to
tenants was from 40 cents to over $40
a bushel. The average cost to owners
was $3.50 bushel, and to tenants
$1.83 bushel.
Yield per acre is the factor largely
responsible for these wide differences
in cost, the department found. Yields
to owners having costs of $1.2O or I'M
der per bushel, ranged from IL to 81
bushels per acre, whereas owners hav-
ing a cost of 81 or more per bushel
had yields ranging from slightly less
than to bushels per acre. Seventy
per cent of the farmers visited OBJ
tanned wheat yields ranging from to
10 bushels per acre; per cent had
yields of less than bushels, and "a
per cent had yields Of over 10 bushels
per acre.
Full details Of the departments
wheat cost study are contained in De
partment Bulletin 119S Cost of Pro
ducing Winter Wheat in the Central
Great Plains Region of the United
States, copies Of which may be. OBJ
tanned, as long as the supply lasts, free
upon request to the department at
Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Wide Variance in
Cost of Potatoes
Study Carried on by Depart
merit of Agriculture in Big
Producing States.

<pranarAd by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Yield per acre Is the principal cause
of variation in the cost Of producing
notatoes. the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture points out in
cost study il important potato pro-
ducing sections of Minnesota, Wis
consin, Michigan, New York, and
Maine. The survey dealt with costs in
1919, but the conclusions drawn are
generally applicable to other years.
Farmers who received better than
$50 bushels of potatoes per acre pro-
,duced them at an average of II cents
while those who had yield of less
than 20 bushels had an average cost
per bushel of $1.4N. The cost per
bushel of potatoes grown on 461 farms
ranged from 80 cents to $2.45, with
most farms producing at a cost OF
81 or less per bushel.
Important Cost Items.
Man and horse labor were the most
important items of cost in areas
studied in Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Michigan, and New York, whereas
commercial fertilizer was the largest
item of cost in Aroostook county,
Maine. In Aroostook county the
fertilizer cost was larger per acre
than the combined cost of man and
horse labor.
The cost per acre was lowest in
(N1.- oo,.~+x~ 1F;rrocoto hoinp N72 :
90, and higher in Aroostook county,
Maine. where the acre cost was $219.-
go. The yield per acre in Clay coun-
ty, Minnesota, was 1O3 bushels, max
ing the cost per bushel 76 cents, while
q weld Of 278 bushels in Aroostook.
Maine, resulted in an average cost
per bushel Of 70 cents.
Potatoes fitted into fairly definite
crop rotation in all areas except IN
Clay county, Minnesota, where wheat
and oats we're not grown in any
definite rotation with potatoes. In
the other areas hay, potatoes, corn,
(where corn is grown) and small
grain seeded to grass constituted the
rotation. The per cent of farm re-
,ceipts coming through the sale of po-
tatoes varied from Alb per cent in
Barron county, Wisconsin, to 94.5 per
cent in Aroostook, Maine.
Man and Horse Labor.
In areas where none of the picking
labor was contracted for and as a
result the hours of picking up po-
tatoes were included, the total hours
of man labor expended in raising an
acre of potatoes varied from 63.7
hours in Anoka county, Minnesota,
to 92.7 hours per acre in Barron coun-
ty, wisconsin The hours Of horse
work used per acre were the lowest
or 65.7 in Clay county, Minnesota,
and highest in Monroe county, New
York, where 1850 hours were used.
Commercial fertilizer was applied at
the rate of 1880 pounds per acre
upon potato land in Aroostook county,
Maine. None of the other areas
studied approached this quantity of
commercial fertilizer application.
The amount of man labor and horse
work, together with the cultural prac-
tees for each area, are given in de-
tail in Department Bulletin 1888, Cost
and Farm Practices in Producing Po-
tatoes, copies Of which may be OBJ
tanned free upon request to the De-
partment Of Agriculture, Washington,
ID. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Cucumber Mosaic

Continuance of the cucumber mosaic
work, which since 1919 has been in
progress with the United States De-
partment of Agriculture under the d.
rection Of S. P. Doolittle and Marion
Walker, is made possible through the
recent contribution Of $500 from a
local company to the Wisconsin
College of Agriculture. Recent
studies have shown that cucumber
mosaic winters over on the wild
ground cherry, pokeweed, milkweed
and wild cucumber. Eradication of
these host plants about the trial fields
at Rockland, La Crosse county, and
Madison, Dane county, has seemed to
check the mosaic disease to consid-
cradle extent.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Fan Out Poultry House

1t is a good plan to visit the hen
houses after the chickens are gone to
roost, and see what the air smells
like. Perhaps 1t will need to be
famed out'' as they used to fan a
change of air into the house in the
bygone days when windows were
nailed down for the winter. Then
the fresh-air devotees would open an
outside door and vigorously fan 1t
back and forth until the stale air was
famed out Overcrowding, lice mites
and bad air are the pests of chickens,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12

changed only by the use of local ag-
gregate material. Cement and steel
costs are determined by factors large
ly beyond the engineers control, and
labor costs can be reduced only by a
reduction In wages or by increased
efficiency on the job.
Local Material Saves Freight.
Contractors profit, interest and de-
probation are proper charges, he be-
lieves. The trucking cost for delivery
of aggregate can be reduced only by
shortening the average haul. There is
a chance to make notable reduction
only in this one factor. Finding local
deposits of aggregate which can be
used with a saving in cost is the pur-
pose of material investigations con-
Quoted by biologists.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12

charges. At other times new deposits
have been developed with resulting
lower royalties.
An additional advantage Of the In
vestigation they conduct, according to
Bean, is that the construction engineer
now has just as definite information
regarding construction materials as he
has concerning grades, yardage and
other distinctly engineering factors.
"Much of our concrete road con-
struction has been near towns. AS
construction gets farther from towns, .
states this geologist, 'the necessity for
the use of local aggregate will become
more pressing. Each mile Of hauls
saved by the use of local material re
duces the cost of a mile of paving
about $780,"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Where the Milk Goes

Butter making consumes Al per cent
of Wisconsin's flow of milk. Amer
lean cheese uses q per cent of the
states production, and foreign cheese
takes care of z per cent Condensed
milk provides a market for Is per
cent, while all other uses together re-
quire only 10 per cent of the total
production of the Badger dairy cows.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
LOCAL MATERIAL
SAVES ROAD COST
Search by Biologists Often
Results in the Finding
of Nearby Supply.

Shorter hauls and the use of local
materials wherever possible are result
ing from the search by biologists for
road materials.
"The largest savings in construction
cost can be effected in lowering the
cost of road material and It's transpor-
tation to the project" says e. F. Bean,
assistant state geologist. "All the other
factors in the cost of completed road
have been cut to point where large
percentage savings are out of the
question"
According to Bean, engineering costs
form relatively small part of the
whole cost in constructing roads.
Freight is a heavy burden, and can be
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12

man is willing, Wisconsin will pack de-
cidedly more than so per cent of the
total pack in 1924. Already IA new
factories are in the process of con-
struction and will be completed in
time to operate this season.
AT the present time the state has a
total Of 125 vegetable and fruit cam
Eeries. Last year it took $4,000 acres
of peas to supply the pea canneries
alone.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Eating Lots of Pork

That the people of the United
States have had plenty of pork to eat
is not stretching the truth a bit Dur
ing theflast months of December, Janu-
airy and February, 1921 POI hogs were
slaughtered in establishments operat-
ing under federal meat inspection.
This number exceeds the previous rec
ord for three months, made Deem
Der, 1918, and January and February,
1919, by more than 100000 hogs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Best Feeds for Chicks

In giving the mash, begin to feed 1t
after four or five days, during which
time the chicks have been getting hard
boiled infertile eggs, crushed shell and
all, rolled oats, bread and milk or
whatever has been used as starter
First put the mash out for an hour,
gradually increase the time until at
the end of week it can be kept be-
fore them all Of the time.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-06-12
Free From tuberculosis

Wisconsin stands second only to In
diana in the number of herds fully ac-
credited by the federal government
as being free from tuberculosis.
There are 1867 such herds in the
Badger state. Indiana ranks first
with AGO herds and Minnesota holds
third place with 8,O76 accredited
herds.
Vashon Island news-record. [volume] (Vashon, Wash.) 1919-1954, 1924-06-20

which aroused the indignation of
Orthopedic workers. This is a
most erroneous rumor, the pro,
sent purchase price Of good quail
lily blankets being less than ten
dollars a pair.
The Thrift Shop Report for
last month is the best since 1921
with ent balance Of $4,000, the
sales averaging $4,000 per day.
The net proceeds from the
lunch room were $675.00. The
tips in the little tip box on the
counter amounted to- $23,10.
(Lct me say here-there is no
better place in the city to eat
than the Orthopedic Lunch Room
on Marion ST., between End and
3rd Ave.)
The membership report was
given by Mrs. Carson, assistant
chairman, who stated that there
were activities enough on which
we depended for money. such as
the membership fees, named beds
Thrift Shop, Tea Shop, Endow-
ment Fund and General Dona-
tons, but to keep these general
sources of supply up to the stand
ard and to increase their capaci-
ty. Mrs. Crawford, chairman of
the sewing reported completion
Of all sewing on hand and compli-
mented most highly all the woorll
done.
The Annual Pound Party was
briefly discussed. This is am an
niversary party given for the
benefit of the hospital.
Mrs. Gottstein gaev short
talk that was an inspiration to
all present and spoke of the Or
thopedic spirit as the wonder
spirit, there being no other like
it.
This concluded the monthly
meeting until fall.
Mrs. Il. NJ. Doebbler.
Vashon Island news-record. [volume] (Vashon, Wash.) 1919-1954, 1924-06-20
Seattle Report for May

The Orthopedic spirit if likcn-
Ell to disease would, withour
doubt, be the most catching and
irresistible germ that prevails in
our Northwest and especially
the Puget Sound district. Thus
Vashon should be very sucept-
iblc. Unlike all other diseases,
however, it is harmless to the pa
tent and may be classed as con
structive instead of destructive.
Bing of thiseeeeeeeeece shrdl m
Being of this nature let us spread
the good news of the Island In
truder and set the membership
pace for all other communities.
Last month the Orthopedic
membership increased 143. There
are 1900 guild workers and 10 of
the guilds. lntcrlachen being the
banner Guildt-with 81 paid mem
bers. Altho nearly the baby of
the family. I believe Vashon Aux
iliary nearly equals this number;
by how many may we exceed it?
Each month a meeting is held
in the Henry Building of Seattle.
Representatives from all Guilds
and auXiliaries are present and a
complete treasurer's report is
given and discussed. This gives
one a splendid idea of the marvel
Gus working" mechanism of the
organization. Every cent of its
expenditures is explained and ac
counted for. No supplies for the
Hospital are purchased without
the okeh of many departmental
heads and finally okehed by Mrs.
Roberts, the treasurer Of the or
ganization so that you may be
assured there are only needed
and careful purchases.
At the May meeting Mrs, Pow
ell gave a short talk on the pur-
chase of blankets. Runners were
about that the Orthopedjc had
paid $40 a pair for blankets,
Vashon Island news-record. [volume] (Vashon, Wash.) 1919-1954, 1924-06-20
AMERICA LEADS
IN SAVING; Fish
Congress Considering Problem
Of Conserving Nations Salmon
Supply in Alaskan Waters.
INDUSTRY IS COOPERATING
Greatest Possible Attention Given to
Cleanliness and the Comfort of
the Men Engaged in Great
Fishing Industry.

The United States leads the world
IN salmon packing. The greatest fish
ing Is done in the waters of the north.
western territory and along the shores
of Puget Sound and the Columbia
River.
Congress has long wrestled with
the problem Of conservation of the
salmon in Alaskan waters, A bill
which probably will be enacted this
session, sponsored by Secretary Her.
bert Hoover Of the Department Of