davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Profit and Loss
For the Farmers

shington-Farmers who fur
nished the country with wheat and
oats in 1923 should be reckoned phil
anthropists, while those producing
corn, cotton and potatoes made good
business proposition of it, according
to the department of agriculture. The
report shows losses of 25c bushel on
wheat, &c bushel on oats and profits
of 13c a bushel on corn, &c pound on
cotton and from SLAP to $8623 an
acre on potatoes.
Reports on wheat, says the an
nouncement, show an average gross
cost of $22.88 per acre. The credit
for straw was $1.86 per acre, leaving
an average net cost of $21.02 or $1.24
per bushel on an average yield of II
bushels. The crop had sales value
of 99c bushel. The total cost was
preparing seed bed, planting, har-
vesting, threshing and marketing,
1870; fertilizer and manure IL; seed
Z; land rent 26; miscellaneous 11%.
Oats showed a gross cost of $2O.23
per acre and a net cost of S18.O8 or
SIC bushel on an average yield of
IS bushels to the acre. 1t sold for
Acc a bushel. Man and horse labor
for preparing the seed bed, planting,
harvesting, threshing and marketing
took 49% of the cost; fertilizer and
manure 7; seed 7; land rent 26; mis-
cellaneous 11%.
Corn cost an average of $26.4O per
acre with credits bringing it down to
$23.75 net or 68c bushel on an aver
age yield of 35 bushels. The crop
sold for an average of 81c a bushel.
The cost was divided 500 to labor, Is
for manure, 2 for seed, 22 for land
rent, and 80 miscellaneous.
The cost of producing cotton varied
widely according to the yield per
acre. Those farmers producing from
101 to 140 pounds per acre are con-
sidered by the department most near
ly average. They show an average
cost of 22c and sales value of 30c
per pound.
Both cost and sales value of the
potato crop varied according to the
section. In the southeastern or early
potato section the average cost was
$75.66 per acre and the average sales
value $161.89 per acre. In the north
central group the cost per bushel was
relatively low and the price averaged
Ate a bushel, leaving margin of
only $1.42 per acre.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Unions in Control

New York-Again has high
court ruled that voluntary associa-
tions, as a trade union, have sole
control over their membership, and
courts can not pass judgment on
such. control.
Affirmation of this rule was
made by the appellate division OF
the supreme court in vacating an
injunction secured by David Sim
ons, former head of the Web Press
mems union in this city, against
President George L. Berry and
other officers of the International
Printing Pressmen's and Assist
ants union.
Simons directed the outlaw
strike of pressmen in this city last
fall. That unions charter was re-
voked and Simons was refused
membership in the new local. He
sued to compel the International
officers to reinstate him and when
he lost this case he secured a court
order against officers of the in
ternational from interfering with
nlIn Ill any CIIPiOyAACAt 0Ao AASAAA
calling out the pressmen in any
place in which he might be employ
ed, because of such employment.
This injunction has been set aside
by the appellate division. The
court said: "There is no doubt that
defendant was within it's rights in
rejecting plaintiffs application for
membership" Concluding the opin-
ion, Justice McAvoy said:
"Plaintiff's status before the
court is that of a new applicant
seeking to compel the defendant
union to admit him. Whether to
grant or refuse membership in a
voluntary association is a matter
under complete control of the or
ganization itself, and the ruling is
not subject to review by the
courts"
The outlaw strike involved prac-
tically every newspaper in this
city. The entire structure of con-
tracts was jeopardized by the out
laws, and to maintain the unions
integrity, the international was
compelled to throw it's resources
against the illegal strike.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Union Attack Fails
Public Aids Workers

Fresno, Cal.-This city has blocked
an attack on organized labor.
Led by the Fresno Bee and the
Fresno Republican, two daily news
papers, citizens declared that bitter
ness and loss of business has been the
net result Of citizens alliance and
American plan advocates, who were
told their union smashing policy is
wrong.
The union wrecking plan was ini-
tiated when building craftsmen failed
to renew their agreement with en-
ployers. Negotiations were not aban-
doned, but the anti-unionists, repre-
sented by the "valley industrial asso-
citation" became active. Some bust
ness men joined the ants. Wages
were reduced in lumber yards, and the
association proclaimed its purpose to
make the cuts general
Citizens outside the labor move
ment refused to accept the new order,
ana as SCflKe talk increased, so dld
protests against the ants.
The Fresno Bee called upon citizens
to be no party to a movement that
would deny workers a right that 9TH
ers enjoy.
The Fresno Republican took the
same position. collective bargaining
has arrived at place of national rec
ognition," that paper declared. "Men
of influence in construction the coun-
try over are for it, as well as public
lists"
This had its effect on the union
smashers, whose plan collapsed as
citizens refused to accept chaos for
peace and order
The building craftsmen and en-
ployers finally renewed their agree
ment, and the "valley industrial asso-
citation" is thoroughly discredited.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
HERE THEY ARE
BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS ARE
DISTRIBUTED
COmmendatiOn and Criticism Handed
Out PrOmiscuously as Deemed
Just by Our Hired Man
WAS A "FIZZER"

The special meeting called by the
city council, for last Monday night,
which was announced by the daily
press and which was supposed to be
open to the public, was held all right,
but held behind closed doors in the
clerks office, and the people in the
general council chamber, and there
was quite bunch of them there too,
did not even get smell, much less
an invitation to be present and hear
the report of the special consulting
mechanical engineer which it is SAID
was presented and read at that time.
Those who were fortunate enough
to be in possession of the "open
sesame" which gained access to the
charmed circle of the select few are
not talking much, some of them do
say, however, that nothing of import
ance transpired and that it was SIM
DIV a friendly pow-wow with view
of getting things ready to begin get
ting ready for start on the move to
order a new pump of some kind or
, nature to take the place of the bunch
of junk for which the city recently
obtained something like $4,000 on a
paid up insurance policy OF S5O,OOO.
1t is possible that at the regular
council meeting next Monday night
the result of this secret conference
will be brought out and decisive ac-
ton on the all important pump
question taken, and the Lord knows
its about time something was done,
for if the one old pump now in use
goes bad the city, to put it briefly
but plainly, would be in one h-ot
fix.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
B. 60. REPORT
PRES. WILLARD PRESENTS HIS
ANNUAL STATEMENT
New Equipment Added for Better
ment and Improvement of the Sys-
tem-Everything in Fine Shape

The annual report of the Baltimore
d Ohio Railroad Company for the
calendar year 1923, which is the
nlnety-seventh year of the Companv's
existence, dated July Is, is a record
OF progress and success. It shows
that the Company operates q total
mileage of all tracks of 1O.697 miles
ana That net sum of S31, ,756, ,585 has
oeen expended during the year for
aod!tlons and betterments to road and
equipment, including 115 locomotives,
81 passenger train cars, 1859
freight train cars, 10 work and
1loatlng and miscellaneous units.
On December 81, 1923 there were
o3,914 employees in the service of the
Company, of whom 54,O37 were mem
bers OF the relief department.
The pension payments to retired
members, numbering 1874, an in
crease of Al for the year, amounted to
$435,5O3 which is $27,716 greater
than last year.
The following is incorporated in
President Wizards report: "The ply
slcal property, both road and equip
ment, was we'll maintained. The rela-
tons between the Company and the
shipping public were increasingly sat
lsfactory, and at no time has there
been a better spirit of cooperation
between the officers and employees
than exists at present. It is due in
a large part to the combination of
circumstances just mentioned that the
Company was able to make such
creditable showing during the year
under consideration"
The report concludes as follows:
THE Board takes pleasure in record
ing its appreciation of the fine spirit
OF loyal and efficient cooperation
manifested by the officers and en-
ployes during the year. It's continu-
ance should insure real and lasting
benefits to the Company, to all those
in its employ and to the public as
we'll"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
MilIiOnaires Grow

Washington - Income tax re-
turns contradict the claim Of Sec
retary of the Treasury Mellon that
rich men are investing their money
in tax-exempt securities rather
than industry. The bureau of in
ternal revenue shows that the
Mellon claim is one of the years
great hoaXes. 1t is stated that 81
individuals report they received
net incomes of $1,000,000 or more
for the year 1923. This more
than tripled the 21 millionaires in
the previous year.
The bureaus report will un-
doubtedly injure the campaign
waged by Secretary Mellon and
banking interests to prohibit
states, counties and other political
units from issuing tax-exempt Sc
curities.
Friends of these securities insist
that the money thus raised is not
taken out of production but is put
into waterworks, schoolhouses,
roads, public buildings and other
social necessities. They also claim
that if the issuance of tax-ex-
empts is stopped the securities held
by banks will increase in value.
Opponents of tax-exempts claim
that rich men buy these securities
and take their money out of circu-r
lation. This, they insist, is a
"hard-times" factor. The govern
ment report skaters this claim.
The grand total income through
out the entire country was $751;
336,212,530. This is an increase of
$1,750,000,000 over the previous
year. Only 6 1-5 per cent of all
the people filed reports.
The law provides that unmarried
persons having an annual income
of 81 900 or more and married per-
sons having an income of $4,000 or
more shall file reports. 1t is now
shown that only 6 out of every 100
had an income of at least 81 900 or
$4,000. The number reporting was
slightly lower than the previous
year.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Labor Commodity"
Theory Is Recalled

Washington - "The capitalistic
principle that labor is a commodity
is recognized" in a statement con-
tanned in the presidents veto of the
postal workers wage bill, says VIM.
M. Collins, president of the Railway
mail association. In vetoing the wage
bill, the president said:
"I am informed there is generally
no difficulty in maintaining list of
eligibles to fill vacancies. There are
certain localities where difficulty ex
sists due to high costs of
living and higher wages scales"
"In other words" said President
Collins, "the wage to be paid, regard
less of the character of service rem
dered, is to depend upon the supply
of labor in the market"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
immigration Quota
Under the New Law

Washington - Secretary Hughes
has announced the immigration quo
tas for the various countries and sec
tions of the earth, under the new law
and applying to the fiscal year 1924
25. Only aliens who are eligible to
citizenship in the United States are
admissible.
Armenia will have 124, Austria
785, Belgium 512, Bulgaria 100,
Czechslovakia 3,073, Danzig 228,
Denmark 2,789, Egypt 100, Esthonia
124, Finland All, France 1854, Ger
mhany 51,227, Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 34,007, Greece 100,
Hungary 473, Iceland 100, Irish Free
State 28,567, Italy 3,845, Latvial 142,
Lithuania 344, Luxembourg 100, Meth
erlands 1,648, Norway 6,453, Pales-
tine 100, Poland 5,882, Portugal SOB,
Rumania 603, Russia European and
Asiatic) 2,248, Spain 131, Sweden
1861, Switzerland 2,081, Turkey 100,
Yugoslavia 671. For persons not de-
barred by law there is quota of 100
each for, China, Japan, Siam, Muscat
Yap, Nepal New Guinea, Afghanis-
tan, Bhutan and India. There are
small quotas also, for Australia, New
Zealand, Unino of South Africa and
some other British possessions and
small independent countries.
Persons born in the portions of Per-
sia, Russia or the Arabian peninsula
situationed within the barred (Asiatic
race) zone and who are admissible
under the law as immigrants, will be
charged to the quotas of these coun-
tries. Persons born in colonies or
protectorates will be charged to the
quotas of the country holding such
colony or protectorate. There are no
quota restrictions for Canada or New
foundland.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Getting Ready For O. S. f. |. Meeting

Springfield, O.-The Forty-first
Annual Convention of the Ohio State
Federation of Labor will convene in
Springfield, Ohio, on Monday, Sep
tember 8, 1924, in Memorial Hail.
This will be the first time the FEEDER
alton has ever met in Springfield
The Springfield Convention Commit
tee is hard at work to make the occa-
sion one to be long remembered by
the delegates attending the Conven-
tion.
Th Labor movement of Springfield
owns its own Labor Temple, and it
is one which would do honor to cities
of a much larger population. The
city also possesses a weekly labor
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Local Option Bill
Beaten in England

London-The bill introduced in the
house of lords by the Bishop Of Ok
ford to restrict the trade in alcoholic
beverages by what was termed popu-
lar control to be exercised by periodi-
cal voting of, the inhabitants of the
different boroughs, today was defeat
ed, 166 to so, after a three-days' de-
bate.
The government supported the bill
on the understanding that it would be
considered in detail in committee, but
it's fate was sealed by a remarkably
vigorous speech by the Bishop of Dur
ham who denounced the bill because
he said it enshrined the principle of
prohibition which was thoroughly un-
sound and could not be put in applica-
ton as America had done. He added
that it would involve inequality be-
tween the rich and poor and would
breed embitterment among the latter.
Teetotal fanatics, the bishop of
Durham concluded, constituted the
only faction which could defeat the
victory of temperance in England.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
Ry. Firemen Extend Grace

Cleveland - Locomotive firemen
who participated in the outlaw strike
of 1920 and forfeited their member
ship in the Brotherhood of Locomo-
tive Firemen & Enginemen will have
the opportunity until June 1926 to
apply for reinstatement. The original
grace given by the 1922 convention
expired almost two years ago but is
renewed by the international board
and officers because many firemen
did not hear the dispensation until it
was too late.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
HERE'S THE JOB HE NEEDS

A Yankee from Massachusetts has
applied to the Portland (Me.) cham
Der of commerce for a job which
would pay him only board and room.
The income from money left him in
a will would stop if he accepts wages,
and he finds lack of work irksome.
Z The "Hired Man" suggests as So
luton to the problem that the appli-
cant might start a Labor paper. 1t is
true, though, that while the lack OF
work would not become irksome,
there is imminent danger Of his be-
ing unable to live in palace or dine
on the fat of the land. Indeed it is
more than probable that he would be
forced to resort to the menu with
which the Prodigal Son filled his
yearning intestinal cavity.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18

Henry Ford's railway, the D. T. &
l., pays its office employees an aver
age of $8.11 per day. Other employees
the men who handle the actual bus
iness-average $7.26 per day.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18

The union label directs and con-
centrates public sentiment against
the evils peculiar to many industries.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
THE HORN FIEND

The auto horn is an essential part
of cars equipment, else why is it
put on every machine that comes out
Continued on Page Five)
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18

Large stone slabs which formed the
core of the Roman roads in England
We're in medieval times frequently
carried off for building purposes.
The using of these ancient roads as
quarries accounts for their disappear
ance in many districts.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18

paper which ranks among the best in
the state.
The officers of the Ohio State Fed
Grafton of Labor are desirous of see
ing large representation of it's affil-
lated organizations at the coming
convention, as business of much i'm
portance to the Labor movement of
Ohio will come before the convention.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
MIR. WORKINGMAN:

The Leader is your paper. 1t
publishes matter pertaining to your
life and welfare. 1t wants your
support. Your cause would be
weak without a labor paper to
champion it. Support The Leader.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1924-07-18
MR.. MERCHANT:

Has it ever occurred to you that
The Leader goes into the homes
OF the best paid workmen of New
ark and Licking county? It is
carefully read by every adult mem
Der of the household.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-18

wages paid-but smash at living standards
will be made.
The British employers, with 100000 unem-
ployed besieging the factory doors, have low
cred the already low living standard of the
British workers because British iron and steel
have been driven off the markets by German
competition. In no other way can even sub
stantial portion of the German Preparations be
paid. Our government and our labor leaders
want them paid.
If the Preparations are collected it will be
not from the German workers alone.
Every working class in the world will pay
and is paying now-in poorer food, shoddier
clething, less comfortable dwellings.
The question of German PREPARATIONS is an
international question but not for capitalists
alone. 1t is an international question for labor
as well, but American labor speaks only thru
American capitalist government with the ex-
ception of the Workers Party, which joins its
voice with the other AZ parties of the Third
International in protest and action against the
exploitation and brutalities of capitalism the
world over.
The Gompers remedy for foreign competition
is restriction of immigration and isolation of
the American working class from the inter-
national field of the class conflict
The remedy of the Workers Party of Amer
ica is unity of all labor movements in the Red
International of Labor Unions the raising of
living standards in all countries and relentless
struggle against capitalism everywhere.
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-18

thru markets and fairs, and stir
the many thousands of the towns
folk. And sometimes it seemed to
him that he himself and the thou
sands of the comrades were walk
ing on a thin, fragile crust of ice,
beneath which was surging angry
water ready to carry away and
drown everything. And so,
when Klimin told him of Karau-
lows protests, he nodded his head
with approval, and, looking thru
the last cases and the bulletins Of
information, he said to himself,
"Good fellow, Karaulovw
Imperceptibly, dclicately, but
none the less with insistent force,
the pale dawn took possession of
the room and made unnecessary
and pitiable the light Of the cleo
trio lamp.
The sun rose, not hot, but scar
let and bright, and threw yellow
patches on the floor of the room.
Greedily pulling at his cigarette,
which did not seem strong enough,
Gornuikh swore angrily because his
head ached after the sleepless night
and his weary body begged for
rest. The working day in the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-18
TUo Remedies

Fifteen thousand tons of French and Bel
gian steel products have been sold recently on
the Atlantic seaboard for from SO to $40 under
the prices of similar American products.
The Virginian Railway managed by super
patriots, as the Locomotive Engineers Union
can testify, has bought 1000 tons of French
steel for its electrifcation project.
Three thousand tons of cast-iron pipe has
been sold by the French steel interests to
Pacific coast concerns.
All of which shows that tariffs and restrc-
ton of immigration cannot and does not stop
American labor competing with lower paid
labor in other nations. No matter where a COM
modify that is needed in capitalist economy
is produced, if it can undersell like commodi-
ties 1t will find its way into the world markets
and dsplace higher costing products.
American labor has viewed complasantly
the titanic struggle of the German, French and
German workers to maintain their living stan
dards. It's officialdom is today in full accord
with the rape of the Ruhr and the impoverish-
ment of the German workers.
No nation in the world can compete with
the steel and iron mills of the Ruhr while the
wages of the workers are at the present low
level and it is on the steel industry that modern
capitalism is based.
AS soon as there is comfortable surplus of
labor the employers of America will forget
their love for the highly paid American
worker and endeavor to shove his living stan
dard down near the level Of the European
workers; it will not go quite so low because
the American worker is more efficient---he
earns more for the boss in proportion to the
The daily worker. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1924-1958, 1924-02-18

And struggling in pleasant morn
ing sleepiness, like fly in scented
jam, Klimin told his story, and end
ed it with a sleepy yawn. Cor
nuikh silently nodded his head. He
went to his own room, took from
the shelf fat portfolio of cur
rent work, and began carefully to
look thru several dossiers.
Two years had already gone by
since the revolution had torn Cor
nuikh as "a seventeen-year old lad
from the dull factory and the
Party had sent him to work in the
Cheka. He could beat a chisel
with a hammer without looking at
his hand and without fear of
smashing it, and he had the same
confidence in himself and in the re-
suits of his work. He never spoke
at meetings, and very rarely in the
gatherings of the Party Group.
Gornuikh was always full of
wide-awake anxiety. He knew how
to connect every crime with those
disturbance unnoticeable by the
majority, which, like deep sub
marine currents, are perpetually
brewing in the people, toss them
selves from village to village,