davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Improve Quality
by Club Markets
High-Grade Products Bring
More Money Than the
Inferior Grades.
prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.l

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
For several years past South Caro-
lima has had occasion to feel proud of
its club markets for rural women,
maintained with the help of extension
workers. Reports received by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture from the various county home
demonstration agents indicate that a
large volume Of business is done by
some of these markets. Some of them
are open continuously during the grow
Ing season, others two and three days
a week, and some on Saturdays only,
bringing in an acceptable cash income
in return for the activities of the am
bilious and Woodworking farm women.
AS many of the markets are run on a
per cent commission basis, the total
amount Of sales Is usually known from
the commissions received by the mar
ket management; but these figures
often do not include orders for eggs,
poultry, butter, or other produce sent
directly from the farm to the GUS
toner.
Increased Sales.
To give "a few instances: In the
Square Deal market at Spartansburg
| the market sales amounted to $20,315,-
o., an increase Of $5,315.O4 over last
years sales. One woman baked and
sold 3,120 pounds of cake in nine and
one-half months. Many kinds of flow
ers had a good sale, and those who
made sausage meat reported excellent
success. The Marlboro Club market
doubled its business during 1928, sales
amounting to $4,735.95. One member
sold 500 worth of cake in one month.
The market house has been enlarged
to twice its original size.
The home demonstration agent for
Greenwood county reports that the
club market was revived this year
after lapse of two years. In Darling
ton county $4,000 worth of produce
was sold on commission, and the
agent believes that other produce
worth at least 1000, of which there
was no record, was also disposed of at
the market. In Marion county Is pro-
ducers made $1,470.54 through their
club market, which has been consid-
cred so successful that the chamber Of
commerce is taking steps to erect a
permanent market house for next year.
Newberry community market had sales
totaling S6,O15.9S and additional orders
amounting to $500.
Improved Quality.
One conspicuous result of these vari-
Gus markets is the continued improve
ment in the quality of what is offered
for sale. 1t is found that high-grade
butter brings better returns tlan that
of poor quality and that keeping pure
bred poultry means Increased profits in
the long run
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Crowding of Chicks
Is Bad in Brooding
Usually Caused by Little
Fellows Getting Chilled.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agrtculture.)
One of the most disastrous condl-
lions, according to the officials of the
United States Department of Agrieul-
ture, that can occur in the brooding
of chicks is to allow them to crowd
together. Crowding is caused either
through the chicks becoming overhead
ed or chilled, usually the latter.
Crowding may not only cause loss
through death Of many chicks, but
many others may suffer to such an
extent as never to regain normal
health. Crowding is an indication OF
improper methods of brooding, and
the normal development of the chicks
is interrupted.
In order to prevent chicks from
crowding employ the following sug-
gestions given by the department:
Be sure to have good ventilation in
the brooder, but avoid drafts. If there
is danger from overheating, bank the
fires in the coal brooder stoves or
burn q lower fame in the oil-burn1ng
brooder. Open the windows slightly,
but be very sure to avoid a draft over
the chicks or they will catch cold. On
the other hand, If the chicks are chilled
they are bound to crowd. When they
are first put in the brooders the tenn
perature should be about SO degrees
f., and it should be maintained fairly
constantly for a week or so, depend
ing upon weather conditions AS the
chicks get older the temperature
should be lowered gradually; the
cooler the weather the less the tenn
perature is lowered. If the chicks start
to crowd, 1t is fairly certain that they
are too cool and more heat should be
supplied. Watch the brooder room
carefully and try to keep the chicks
comfortable.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Select Clean Potatoes
for Planting in Spring

In picking out the potatoes for seed,
It is important to select not only good
clean "spuds," but TO make sure that
the seed does not carry any diseases.
Stem end rot is a common potato
trouble maker, and was widely dis
tributed last year. Those who are
familiar with the disease say that It
can be readily detected at the stem
end of the potato by either dark
brown ring beneath the skin or In
more severe cases by dry rot af-
fecting a part or all Of the tuber. All
potatoes affected with the rot should
be discarded.
Black scurf, a disease which forms
dark brown specks on the surface OF
the potato, is another disease which Is
said to be common, especially on
northern grown seed. This disease
causes a reduced stand, weakens the
plants and causes small potatoes.
Common scab, another important
disease, is very destructive, often re-
ducing the yield and making the pota-
toes unstable.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Early Chicks Are
Most Profitable
Practical Suggestions Re-
garding Successful Feed
ing and Raising.
prepared by the United States Department
of Agricutture)

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agricuiture.)
Early Matched chicks are by far the
most profitable, whether grown to ma
turity for laying or sold as poultry
flesh, says the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, and the following
suggestions in regard to the successful
raising and feeding of young chicks
have been found to be practical.
The brooder house and stove heater
which are used for caring for the
chicks during the first few weeks of
their lives must be in working order
before the chicks arrive. The most
common style Of brooding is the use
of a stove brooder in colony house,
keeping from $50 to 500 chicks in a
flock In each house and placing the
houses about $50 feet apart on good
grass range. A house 10 by IA feet
makes a suitable colony house which
can be readily moved II built on run
ners. Chicks brooded early in the sea-
son will do better in large house,
about 10 by 20, partitioned SO that
one side is used for brooder stove
and the other for cool exercising
room Wire netting should be placed
in the corners Of the brooder house
to prevent the chicks from budding
and crowding in the corners.
Feed Chicks SparineIy.
Chicks should not be fed for the
first 80 to 49 hours, after which they
should be supplied regularly four or
five times daily with easily digested
feed which contains little waste mate
rial They should be fed sparingly
until about the fifth day, when they
can be put on full ration. An excel
lent feed can be made of infertile
eggs taken from the incubator, boiled
for Is minutes, chopped, and mixed
with dry mash of equal parts of
cracker meal, bran and cornmeal, u.s.
Ing sufficient amount of the grain to
make dry, crumbly mixture. Dry
rolled oats are excellent for chicks and
can be used as one feed; the other two
or three feeds being the commercial
grains.
At two weeks of age the chicks can
be given a dry mash in a hopper, con-
sisting of four parts, by weight, of
rolled oats, two parts bran, two parts
cornmeal, one part highgrade meat
scrap. one part middlings and one-half
part dried .buttermilk. Commercial
chick feed should be fed three times
daily in addition to the dry mash.
Milk is an excellent feed for chicks
and should be provided either as
liquid or in the dry form to secure the
best growth.
Feed Coarse Grain.
When the chicks are one month old,
they should be fed a coarser or inter-
mediate chick grain, and at about two
months of age the scratch feed can be
chalged to equal parts of wheat and
cracked corn, fed two or three times
a day.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Preventive Measures to
Guard Against Diseases

Early in the spring, when everything
else around the farm Is being cleaned
and put in shape for the summer,
coat Of whitewasb will add greatly to
the appearance and sanitation Of the
Interior of the poultry house. 1t Is
the cheapest Of all paints and may be
used on the exterior Of the building,
too, If so desired
Whltewash is made by shaking about
ten pounds of quicklime in pail with
two gallons of water, covering the pail
with cloth or burlap and allowing it.
to Stake for one hour Water is then
added to bring the whitewash to al
consistency which may be applied.
readily.
A weatherproof whitewash for ex-
terror surfaces may be made as fol-,
lows: ~ Stake one bushel of quick
lime in twelve gallons of hot water;
(2) dissolve two pounds of common
salt and one pound of sulphate of zinc
in two gallons of boiling water; pour
(2) into ~, then add two gallons of
skim milk and mix thoroughly. White
wash is spread lightly over the sur
face with broad brush.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
NQTES

Harness need repairing2 Why not
do it yourself?
Soy beans are worth twice as much
as oats per acre.
Goats are valuable for clearing up
weeds and brush on the farms.
The value Of a mans efforts de-
ponds on how much his head directs
them.
One way of identifying the home
grounds is good vigorous spring
cleanup of the back yard.
One will sometimes get a good crop
from good seed, but he will always get
a poor crop from bad seed.
IF your section can't supply dairy
improvement association ask your
county agent about dairy improve
ment club.
The merciful man is merciful to his
beast and is as thoughtful of the way
his family is housed as he is of the
quarters for his cattle.
Home grown protein helpeth to
make a prosperous dairyman. Legume
hay, and soy beans grown in silage
corn, supply it cheapl
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Work With Pest Poisons
Seen in Motion Picture

Poison" a one-reel education mo-
ton picture visualizing the activities
of the insecticide and fungicide board,
has been recently released by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture.
The film shows the numerous ways
In which the American farmer, the
greatest user of chemicals in the
world, employs poisons of various
sorts to destroy insect pests and dis
eases which attack his crops and live
stock, and how the insectie.de and
fungicide board protects the public
against fraudulent materials by exam
lining all insecticide and fungicide Of
fered for sale in interstate shipments.
Various laboratory scenes illustrate
the chemical analyses given the mate
rails, and field scenes show how the
worth of the ''pizen" is determined by
actual test.
The seizure of "fake'' materials,
which not only fail to "cure'' but often
cause enormous losses by actually in
Turing plant or animal, and the pun
1shment of their purveyors, are also
included in the film, which sounds a
warning to users of insecticides and
fungicides to beware Of INFESTED
poisons and to use only tried and
proved articles.
Poison will be circulated through
the educational film service Of the de-
partment and the cooperating state
institutions. Copies may be borrowed
for short periods or may be purchased
at the laboratory charge.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
LINE AND ALFALFA
ARE lNSEPARABLE
Successful Growth of Leg.
ume Demands Large Sup
ply of Limestone

Alfalfa still refuses to grow success
fully unless its demand for lime is
satisfied. About 70 per cent Of the
soils in Wisconsin must receive an ap-
plication in some form to meet the
needs Of this lime-loving plant.
"Only four per cent Of the hay acre
age of Wisconsin is devoted to the
alfalfa crop while at least 20 per cent
of the hay acreage could be alfalfa If
lime were applied" says Griffith Rich
ards, soils extension worker of the
Wisconsin College of Agriculture
In round numbers, each ton of al
falfa hay contains about one hundred
pounds Of lime carbonate or limestone.
When alfalfa thrives on a field and
produces four tons of cured hay to the
acre, 400 pounds of limestone has been
taken out Since alfalfa Is plant that
grows rapidly, 1t is necessary to have
plenty Of lime In an available form in
the soil to supply the needs of the
crop, according to Richards.
Lime is necessary to insure proper
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Eliminate Improbable
Lines by Farm Records

OF II farmers in Knox and Lincoln
counties, Missouri, who kept farm ac-
count books last year under the direc-
ton of their county extension agent,
nine have changed their methods of
farming to eliminate improbable lines,
according to reports to the United
States Department of Agriculture
These farmers are all keeping accounts
again this year and have influenced a
number of their neighbors to begin
keeping them. They found it required
only a few minutes time each day to
keep the accounts. This, they state,
is time well spent, for the records are
proving valuable as an inventory, for
reference, and as a guide in planning
for better and more profitable effort
the next season.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Kinds of Lime to Use.
URGES USE OF HOME
GROWN CLOVER SEED

"Eyery effort should be made to re-
store the normal red clover acreage
In Wisconsin this year." says R. A.
Moore, agronomist at the University
Of Wisconsin.
To do this, Moore believes, only do
nestle grown seed should be sown.
There is much imported seed coming
on the markets in this country and
trials made at various experiment sta
lions show that none of it is desirable
for use in this state.
OF the imported stocks the English
grown seed is as desirable as any, but
q. J. Delwiche reports winter killing
Of the clover to the extent of % per
cent on one plot at the Spooner expert
ment station. This plot was sown to
Welsh seed In the spring of 1922. On
an adjoining plot sown to Wisconsin
seed there was no perceptible winter
killing.
The agronomy department of the
Wisconsin College of Agriculture
makes the following recommends
tons:
1. Buy and use only domestic grown
red clover seed.
2. Except the Scandinavian coun-
tries and northern Germany, there are
no European countries with climatic
conditions similar to those of Wiscon-
sin, and these countries have no sur
plus seed. There is none Of it on the
market.
8. Reduce the cost of seeding to
some extent by including two to three
pounds Of alsike clover in the mixture.
4. If domestic seed cannot be OBJ
tanned, use alfalfa or soy beans as a
substitute for clover.
s. Do not risk losing the cost of pre-
pairing the seed bed and cost of seed
by using imported seed.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Iowa State College
Girls Organize Club
Work Deals With Practical
Phases of Farm and Home.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
A college girls club has been formed
by former members of the farm boys
and girls Al clubs, now attending
Iowa State College Of Agriculture and
Mechanic Arts. These young women,
according to reports to the United
States Department of Agriculture, as
sisted In many ways at the recent
short course held by the Iowa college
for club girls from the counties A
committee of the college club met the
young visitors at the railroad station
on their arrival for the short course
Another committee showed the girls
the interesting places on the campus
during their stay. And forty members
of the college club served the junior
banquet given for short-course stu
dents by the college. Members of the
organization meet once each quarter
for dinner together and to make plans
for welcoming all new club girls who
may come to the college.
Al clubs are organized and conducted
for farm boys and girls, ranging in age
from about ten to twenty years,
by extension workers. The work Of
the clubs, dealing with practical
phases of farming and home making,
is planned to train the mind or head Of
the boy or girl to think, plan, and
reason; to train the hands to be skill
full; to attain the best possible health
for efficiency and enjoyment; and to
train the heart to be kindly and sym
pathetic toward the work and toward
associates; hence the term Al, or
head, hands, health, and heart clubs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Discover More Cars and
Trucks Owned by Farmer

The United States Department of
Agriculture recently discovered that
923 farmers in every 1871 owned 1000
automobiles and motor trucks.
It was shown furthermore that nine
tenths of these cars were farm bust
ness cars. Two-thirds were of the
loW-priced type and most Of them were
several years old. About one-fourth Of
the number were motor trucks, while
the fancy roadsters, coupes and Sc
dams composed less than 10 per cent
of the total.
A few narrow-minded individuals
still are bowling that the farmer is
doing too much joyriding. That he
should lock his car up in the barn and
walk and enjoy some real prosperity
after. a few years, but only a few are
bowling in that key. Time is just as
important to the man on the farm as
it is to the man In the shop. He buys
a mower because it saves time in cut
ting hay. His binder is faster than the
cradle, and likewise his motorcar is
faster than his team and his truck can
haul more in less time than he formerly
hauled with his horses. It's too bad
of course, that the motorcar can b.
used for pleasure occasionally. II
gives the howlers an opportunity to
howl, but let 'em howl. If using a
motorcar for pleasure occasionally Is
a misfortune, we're glad to have it to
contend with.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Good Demand for Higher
Grades of Beef Cattle

Cattle feeders who finish on grain
for market Jared very well during the
past year, says the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. Prior to the
war cattle ranging in weight from
1000 to 1850 pounds were about II
per cent above the price Of range cat
tie. In 1922 cattle of this weight sold
about SO per cent above the price of
range cattle. In 1922 good to prime
cattle were about so per cent above the
price OF feeder steers, whereas in Sep
TENDER, 1923, they ranged to about 20
per cent above. The high industrial
activity has given good market for
good beef and has stimulated demand
for the higher grades Of cattle which
come finished from the feed lots Of the
corn belt.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Boys and Girls Club
Members Learn of PIG

The pigs or sows and filters belong
Ing to the boys and girls Al club
members in West Virginia, which cost
about $4,000 when purchased, are now
estimated worth over $4,000, accord
ing to reports to the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. This includes
the holdings of the club members who
are feeding one or more pigs by the
best known methods, and those of
older boys and girls who are learning
the latest methods Of management of
sows and filters, in addition to feeding
practices, under the direction of their
agricultural extension agents.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
T.
rr1rrrurr,r,I nylt,rlur1lIl Nv; ~

Ice houses are scarce, but the need
for them is boundless.
Raising good calves properly is one
way to build up coed dairy.
Two slogans for the live stock man:
sFeed or get fooled" and keep the
best; sell the rest
Get the spray outfit ready and pay
particular attention to having the
valves work properly.
1t would appear that big dealers in
farm products have been better sold
on the cooperative idea than are
many farmers.
Better give the grass a good start
before turning out to pasture. Early
grass has little strength, and early
pasturing kills it.
Sweet clover, five years ago consid.
cred a troublesome weed by most
farmers, now stands ahead of alfalfa
in acreage in Ohio.
"Better late than never" does not
apply to spraying for peach leaf curl.
Get busy with the spray when the
buds first start to swell.
y
"Hogs like to roll around in the
mud" some opponents of sanitation
for hogs say. Children would too if
parents didn't convert that natural in
cItnation.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24

organic matter. In such case some
planted cover crop may be preferable.
Cover crops are roughly divided into
two classes: Legumes and nonlegumes.
Among the legumes the various
clovers and vetch are more often used.
One should be chosen which will make
the most growth during the summer
and fall and will pillow under in a sue
culent condition in the spring. Among
the nonlegumes rape, rye and buck
wheat have proven very satisfactory
as cover crops. Or a combination
cover crop Of rye and vetch may be
used, combining the two classes. Don't
overlook sweet clover as 1t Is an ex-
tremely vigorous grower and a fine
legume.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
4uarrfed and pulverized for agricul-

quarrfed and pulverized for agricul-
tural purposes
"Marl is the next most important
form of lime that will be used quite
extensively this season due to the re-
cent discovery Of numerous mari beds
and to the great interest in the use of
lime that has developed this year Lime
waste from paper mills and sugar beet
factories pulverized shells and hydrat-
ed lime are other forms of lime which
will be used in very limited way as
compared with the use of pulverized
limestone and mari"
Pulverized limestone may be pur-
chased from the commercial companies
or pulverized by portable machines in
communities that are well supplied
with quarries containing high quality
limestone. When 1t Is necessary to
haul limestone more than five miles
the cost of hauling makes the use al
most prohibitive, Richards believes.
The machines used for pulver1zing
are owned either by individuals who
do custom grinding or by groups of
farmers who comparatively quarry and
grind limestone for their own use. Oc-
casfonally the individual farmer pur-
chases a small machine exclusively for
his own use.
Applying the Lime.
'The lime should be. applied previ-
GUS to the time Of planting the crop
to give the best results" Richards tells
us. where possible it should be ap-
piled one year in advance and thor
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Spread of Corn Borer

The European corn borer continues
to bore into the corn belt 1t is now
found as far west as central Ohio and
steadily moving westward 1t is the
most destructive corn pest thar has
ever been found in the United States.
Control measures established In adj
vance may lessen its ravages
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24

oughly mixed in the surface three or
four inches Of soil. Failure to have
done this last year should not cause
any one to postpone the sowing Of al
falfa this spring. Care should be TAX
en- TO spread it uniformly. Spreading
by hand from a wagon or shovel, using
the manure spreader with four or five
inches of manure under the layer of
limestone, or sowing the lime with a
special lime sower are the possible
methods Of applying the lime to the
soil.
1.-THE main idea to keep In mind is
that the lime should be evenly distrib-
uted over every inch of the field and
be thoroughly mixed with the surface
three or four inches of SOIL" Richards
emphasizes. "Any method Of spread
ing the lime that will conform with
these suggestions is satisfactory"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Watci. Orchard for Enemies

Always watch your orchard for any
sign of an enemy, and when you dis
cover it go to fighting 1t then, not af-
ter it has complete control of your or
chard. If you keep your orchard free
from diseases and insects your yield
will always be more and of better
quality.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-04-24
Various Legumes Useful
as Orchard Cover Crops

Weeds when they come up in suf-
ficient numbers make very good
cover crop, but sometimes they are OBJ
iectionable for the looks If nothing
more. In case an orchard Is on light
land lacking somewhat in fertility,
they NAV not add sufficient humus and