davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
JAIL SENTENCES TOTALING Y MONTHS
AND $3.50 fines and COSTS melted OUT
BY JUDGE FISHER IN LIQUOR CONVICTIONS

sentence was imposed in two
charges against b. Earle Bither of
Augusta. Monday afternoon. at the
hennebec superior court. There
were four cases outstanding against
Bither and two were continued.
Upon each charge. one of search
ana seizure and the other of single
sale, he was sentenced to serve four
months in jail. to pay a fine Of $500
and costs amounting to $50 and to
serve three months in addition upon
failure to pay. One sentence is to
he served at the completion of the
other.
Wallace Cormier Of Augusta,
against whom three counts Of single
sale were returned by the grand
jury at this term Of court, was CIV
en- similar sentences in two of these
cases. the third being continued.
Clifford Bechard of Augusta, held
on four counts OF single sale, was
sentenced in one case to serve two
months in jail, and to pay a fine of
800 and costs OF $50. with 80 days
in addition II he fails to pay. The
other three cases were continued.
Arthur p. Winslow of Hartford,
Me-. pleaded nolo contendere to a
charge Of driving u motor vehicle
while under the influence of liquor
and was sentenced to serve four
months in Jail. He furnished bail
in the sum of $500 on condition
that he prosecute his exceptions to
the law court.
Larceny Case Heard
Testimony in the case Of State vs.
Edward l.. Wheeler charged with
larceny. occupied the entire day with
the exception OF the few minutes
taken up with pronouncing the
above sentences and at the close of
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

had belt attached. This belt was
produced in court by Mrs Keller in
support of her own testimony about
the sweater.
Defence Enters Denial
Mrs. Emma L. Cochrane of Winthrop
was the f1rst witness to take the stand
Tor tie defence. She declared in the
course of her testimony that il looked
to her az if Mrs. Keller were trying
to claim about everything at the time
OF the search at which she had been
present part of the time. She testified
that several of the articles were sim
liar to some in constant use at that
time by the Wheelers and declared that
the sweater was one which was used
in the automobile as Il wrap She
stated that in her opinion the belt and
the sweater We're of different color
and slightly different in texture
Mrs. Beatrice Ellinwood daughter
in-law of a former proprietor of the
hotel, who had been there when the
WheclerS had run the place previously
to the time that Mrs Keller had bought
II. stated that the knives and forks in
court were similar to those which Mrs.
Wheeler had been using at that time
; Mrs. Wheeler then took the stand
and emphatically denied having taken
anything that did not belong to her or
having any intention of so doing. Much
time was taken with this witness in
describing various articles Of her own
and with telling where she had pur-
chased them. She said that at the
time they had turned the hotel over TO
Mrs Keller the latter had spoken only
of the loss of the bed spread and that
she had told her that 1t was lost in the
laundry, that the laundry man had
made the loss good and that she stood
ready to pay Mrs Keller for it. She
had actually paid Mrs. Keller the sum
of So for the loss of this bed spread.
Mrs Keller had said nothing of losing
anything else.
When the search had been made she
had looked in her pocketbook, where
she always kept the keys. and had not
found them. She had then thought
that she had left them on the dresser
at the hotel as she often laid them
down there After searching she had
found them in the travelling bag.
Court thea adjourned until this
morning at $50 O'Clock, at which time
Mr. Wheeler will probably take the
stand.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

court on Monday night the defense
had still one witness to take the
stand.
Mrs. Nellie Kel;ee. owner of
small hotel at Mechanic Falls. was
the first and principal witness pro-
duced by the State. In answer to
the questioning of the county at
torney. Mrs. Keller told of leasing
the hotel to Edward l.. Wheeler as
she was going south. She had done
SO within few weeks and had been
gone for several months. When she
returned and took over the hotel she
found that many articles were miss
ing. She had noticed the absence of
some silverware at the time and
Mrs. Wheeler had told her that Ma
RE, one of the women who worked
there, had packed it UP and put it
away. She had also missed bed
spread which Mrs. Wheeler told her
had been lost in the laundry.
Found Articles at Wheeler Home
After the wheeiers mad gone she
had missed many things and had
gone to winthrop, where they were
staying and had sworn out search
warrant against them. She had gone
with Deputy Sheriff Woodman to the
home of the Wheelers where they
had found large number OF arti-
cles which she claimed to be hers.
In boxes. barrels and trunks in the
stable At the time they had asked
Mrs Wheeler for the keys to the
trunks and she had declared that she
had left them at the hotel in Me-
chanic Falls and had asked Mrs. KEEL
Ter il she had found them. Later
when the deputy had decided to cut
the lock she had found the keys In
hand bag.
Deputy Sheriff Woodman was the
next witness to testify. He told
story similar to that Of Mrs. Keller
with regard to the search. Constable
George w. Drawn of Winthrop. who
was one of the party at the time or
the search. told of the occurrence.
With reference to a sweater which
Mrs. Keller had testified was gone
and which she declared was found
in one of the Boxes or barrels he
stated that Mrs. Wheeler had eN-
pressed her surprise that it should
oe there.
Mrs. Marie DonnclIy, who had work
ed for Mrs Keller, identified some of
the silverware which was produced by
the State Mrs. Rena Monk, who had
also worked for Mrs. Keller, told of
sending to a firm in Chicago for sew
eraI articles for Mrs. Keller among
which were sheets and the sweater
above referred to. which at that time
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
JIMMY EVANS IS
BACK WITH BIC MT
IN MUSICAL COMEDY

Jimmy Evans is back. Tom Car.
roll IL back. And both are b,,iwart.a
by a Company of artists which for
cseycrness and feminine pulchritudc
ecIipses all former showing Of th,.
well known musical comedy comnanv
wnich opened a weeks engagement
at the Opera House yesterday after
noon and last night.
New plays. new acts, new Jokes
new costumes and some new faces.
with a background Of new scenery
and gorgeous drops. augmented bv
the Kleigle system Of lighting. make
Tor most satisfying entertainment.
JlInie Evans and Tom Carroll play
the famous roles Of the freshmen and
me jewellery and Ike Lavinsky. So
olHerent IL their makeup and THAR
line OF comedy that no one would
ever know that they are the same
clever comedians that sraced the 10
cal stage last season. They kept the
audiences roaring at both the after
noon and evening performances yes.
terd3y. They can be depended to
Keep any audience roaring eyerv
minute that they appear on the
6tdBe.
Two Of the young ladies' render
several duets and solos with truly
wonderful voices. One of the most
taking musical numbers being "TelI
Me Bedtime Story" sung by the
leading lady. robed in cloth Of silver,
with a double quartet Of pajama clad
little maids. for a chorus, their can
dies cleaning in the blue light. This
shared the enthusiasm with a tenor
solo odd Time Pals" with the Choir.
US back Of the scenes.
Jerry made a hit with a funny
story he tells to Tkey and which key
passes on. but passes to the wrong
person. And funnier yet, judging
from the laughter. was Jerry in
structing key I'm a public speech
dealing with local politics and the
best OF 1t all Is clean. wholesome fun
which the entire family can attend
and enjoy.
Inc company carries an unusual
number OF clever dancers. Every
member being well cast and clever In
their different parts. Two of the
most skillful dancers Of the athletic
type which might easily be called
contortlonists are the hit OF the pro-
gram II the applause Is the deciding
point. The girls in saucy, Spanish
.oS'uH'es VIII n generous applause.
The entire revue eXcels anything
previously staged in this city is the
judgement OF the writer and the
company deserves credit and good
attendance during the entire week IL
cleanliness. talent, good comedy,
stunning costumes. scenery and ef-
fects have anything to do in drawing
the people Of today to the theatre.
In addition there Is movie pro-
gram consisting OF 'Sportlights, >"
showing athletic activities Of girls
and feature film. Sirens of Sc
VILE" starring Priscilla Dean. The
above program will be repeated to
day at 215 and 100 with an entirely
new change Of program tomorrow
| and Friday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
TAKE ACTIVE STEPS TO PROVIDE CITY WITH ]
SOME ADEQUATE method OF GARBAGE
COLLECTION AT MEET ING c. Of c. DIRECTORS

BY the action taken at very impor-
tant meeting of the directors of the
Augusta Chamber of Commerce Mon
day evening Augusta is assured of an
adequate garbage collection system in
the near future.
For long time, in fact for the past
two or three years, the garbage stu
alton in the city of Augusta has been
enc that has at times demanded the
attention of not only large number
of the householders who have from
time to time been without any collec-
tion." but has also claimed the atten-
ton OF the health authorities.
For city of over $1,000 people to
be without some means of disposins
OF garbage Is an extremely serio is
situation. Contract systems. permit
systems and the establishing OF an
incinerator plant have claimed the at
tention Of various city government
committees, and two or three years
ago very fine report was made ,,y :,
committee from the Chamber of Gem
merce which was especially app pint ID
to gather data on all kinds of garbage
collection systems.
This report when filed with the city
government did not meet with the IDEAS
OF that particular city government and
FOUND It's way to the waste basket.
II itemfzed three means of collection
but recommended an incinerator plant.
which really is the only satisfactory
way In the long run of disposing of the
garbage. An moderator plant will
take card of everything but ashes. Old
clothes. cans and refuse of all kinds
Can be burned IN this kind OF plant and
the refuse can be used on roadways
and in large plants in cities of immense
population much residue of chemical
value is obtained and used for various
things.
AS presented to the meeting last eve
ming the type of moderator which Au-
gusta could use would be. what is
termed one unit plant. There is oy-
cry reason to believe that some Mid
OF system of taxation Gould be devised
so that The plant could he run at no
loss to the city and might after the
initial cost return small profit.
Whether or no. an incinnra.or plant
VIII be established remains for the
committee which was appointed at the
meeting to work out.
Thls committee consisting of D. w.
Adams as chairman, Willis +. Swift
and Henry q. Barker will obtain everr
bit of information ii is ross;ii,lc,.o oh
tam and there is every reason 10 nc-
lieVe that Augusta will! in the very
near future have an adequate system
for the collection of rarhacc. This,
VIII mean cleaner cit" al of the
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

The first meeting OF the season Of
the Claiming Guild of the All Souls
Unitarian church was held at the
church parlors Monday afternoon
and was largely attended. Plans for
the fall and winter activities were
discussed at the meeting and the
dates were decided for the annual
Christmas sale. which will be held
Dec. 2 and 3. Another important So
cial event event which will be spon-
sored by the Claiming Guild will be
the Christmas dance at'the Augusta
House on the evening II Dec. Is.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
Funeral Of Mrs. Crowsii at Portland

The remains Of the late Mrs. Mary
r. Crowell. who passed away In this
city Saturday morning. were taken
to Portland Monday Td funeral SER
vices were held at~the chapel at
Evergreen cemetery ut o'clock
with Rev. A. G. Goddard Of the Meth
odist church officiating.
There was n representative attend
ance from the Methodist church OF
which she was member for many
eyars and from the Port land lodge OF
KeDeKafls. With whfth the late Mrs
Crowell was affiliated. The bearers
were1 from the church and the lodge
and The interment was in the Ever
green cemetery.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Miss Georgia Clark. Il. n. of Wor-
cester. Mass. who has been in the
city on 10 day leave Of absence
from her duties returned to Worces-
ter. Monday morning. Miss Clark
returns to take up the responsibilities
of the assistant superintendent of
nurses at the Worcester state Hos
pitai. which will be pleasing news to
her many friends at the Augusta
State Hospital from which she re-
Gently graduated.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
MOUNTED POLICE
Continued from PAGE One)

passed over the border with the help
Of smugglers but a large number of
them were picked up on their way ia
New York. the destination of most
of them. In time. as the immigra-
ton authorities caught on to the sys-
tenn and after many of these Euro
peans had been deported. Cuba came
into popularity as way station for
unlawful immigrants
From Cuba they would slip over to
Florida and then up the coast on
some vessel or train. Immigration
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Mr.. and Mrs. Albert E. Barton and
son, James, who have been visiting
Mrs. Barton's father. James Armour
at East winthrop. will leave this
Tuesday morning for their Rome in
New York City. Mr.. Barton Is man
ager Of the Rits club. musical ag-
gregation. playing in New York City,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Miss Mary Gray of Old Orchard.
formerly Of this city. has been pas
sing several days in this city, visiting
with friends. Miss Winnifred Clark
and Miss Gray have gone to Aroos-
took county where they Will pass
month with friends and relatives.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
VpNA house

saea House Monday and Tues
q-ihe Jimmie Evans Musical
.s y Company presents styles
y Miles" from the well known
-,H,aaway success: feature picture.
~ siren OF Seville" starring Pris-
ID Dean, and "Sportlights."
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
NEWS BRIEFS

Fourteen year old boy of Column
bia, =. c., confesses killing his aunt
and attacking her three small chill
dfen in a fit Of temper over an argu-
ment.
The Reverend Lawrence NJ. Hight.
OF Ina, Ulls) confesses to poisoning
his wife and MILFORD Sweetin. a par
ishioner, ito relieve them of PAIN
League OF nations assembly at
Geneva begins deliberations on pro-
focal on arbitration and security pro-
posed by Benes of Czecho Slovakia.
Discover at Bonn. Germany. OF
new comet of S. .enth magnitude Is
announc ID by local college observers.
Thirty three dead, scores injured
and immense damage TO property
are results OF Sundays storm in
Wisconsin. latest dispatches indicate.
World fiiers reach SIN Diego at
1921 a. NJ, mountain time. having
left Tucson. Ariz. at 1928.
Damage placed at $500. 900 IL done
and 100 are made homeless by fire
village of st. Constant, near Mon
treal.
Congressman William S. Greene
dies in hospital In Fail Rive, Mass.
New York. Sept. 22-Epinsrd.
Pierre Wertheimer's frerch thor
oughbred. impressed critics today
with a speedy mile workout under
colors between races at .qeduct, and
as result may 60 to the post q fav.
or: e in the second. international
special to be run this next Saturday.
The French champion went the mile.
which Is to be the distance of Satur-
days race In 1:3s. Some watches
clocked him even q tribe faster. The
manner Of the colts work, a. we'll a.
his speed, aroused favorable COM
ment among trainers.
westbury. n. r.. Sept. 7a-Jack
Nelson, brilliant Argentine rider. led
the Orange county polo team TO q
l12-5 vic-c--- over Carl Hopping's
E:astcotts today and earned for his
team the right to meet Tommy
Hitchcock's Wanderers In the semi
final of the open championship on
Wednesday. Eastcott persistentfy
threatened to forge ahead after
Orange county had taken q 70
lead in the first three periods. Hop
pings work closing the gap to e-3
at the end OF the fourth chukker, hut
thereafter Nelson dominated the
play.
8igsniss 1seaDss Jan
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Mrs. w. J. Ford. who has been Wis
iting in this city for several days a.
the guest Of her sister. Mrs. Z: Z.
Metcalf Chapel street. went TO Ben
ton Monday. where she Wi! pass
some time before returning 10 heF
home at west Somerville. Mass.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

mrs. De Cackie Swanke had CALLED
Little Johonny opened the door. .,
You dear child" she gushed. 40
you know. have come to pay q WIT
70 your mamma. But 'sn't IL unfort-
innate? Just as I came along I saw
your mamma run across the road. 10
visit q neighbor. Now tell me, little
man, do you know when she VIII be
backy
"Yesm." said Johnny truthfuiiy.
She'll be back the minute you've
gone!"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
AUGUSTA LOCALS
THEATRE ATTRACTIONS

saen'al Theatre - Monday and
''essay~Edna Purviance in the
,aIRs Chaplin Super Special. THE
man OF Paris. Hunters Bold"
Ssaeay' Screen Revied and World
SssS
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23
lost SLEEP. |
From ERUP1l0NSI
irbadren Cried With Pain.
Cuticura Healed. |

~, Ahrec children suffered with!
10. cupsienssha. started with a
gsah circle about the size q .,
- Later shey formed biiotcrs
IA hokc and iehed considerably.
- fa,ey wcsc covered with sosel
reons and their ciothing aggra-
"a ,ho breaking out. THY could
: sIeep and cried with tho pain
80 y the constant i'sh'ns and
II aeps for free sample Of Cuti- 4
- scsp and oinsrnens and after
49, ! noticed G vast improvement.
/, .sssehased more and In two weeks
", vere healed" (signed) Mrs.
Ess,;el Eddy, So Second st.. z.
|p,oyjdenee, r. /.
Toe cu.ieura to heal itching skins.
( yr. b, Maj. Addrssss "casiesrs LsSss-
rsnt d, Maiden -, Mass" Sold every
les~an Zc' O,ntnent 2, and Zoe. Taleun ~.
TX our new Shaving Stick.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

The regular weekly session OF the
Red Cross Child Welfare clinic VIII
he held this Tuesday afternoon, l.So
o'clock at the Augusta General nos
pitaf
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Mr. and Mrs. Alton Dreamer. Mrs
Frank l.ongfellow. Hazel Vickery and
Miss Francena vickery motored Sun
Gay to Mechanic Falls.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Mrs. Maurine Morgan. who mas
Seen on the coast for the past 10
weeks. has returned to this city ana
viii be here for the winter.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

~ SM Esther Schwartz returned
S !. to her work in this city after
&iast ''''> 80
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Perley r. Marston and Lucy Dom
Unique. both of this city, were quietly
united in marriage Monday night be-
fore Justice of the Peace Burleigh
Martin.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Rev. Frank l.. Phalen was IN the
c;tv Monday. He and Mrs. Phaien
are spending few weeks as Pros
pect Harbor.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

@sMaey Charles Ii. Blatchford OF
n, &ha' counsel for the NJ. c. X. r..
taahy,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Miss Adelaide Spear of the local
Western Union Office is enjoying a va
cation from her duties
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

swsea Temple, No. 20, Pythian
Wv VIII hold their regular meet
vrsht at 80. Visiting sisters
\ welcome.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

!. . lester Beale. cambridge. Mass,
i ssea at the hoppe OF his mother.
"a as'f, at Oxford street. being
ssS,s.o, the city by the death OF his
a. V'her, the late Mrs. Hannah
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

d = VIII be u special convoca-
4 \, eashnqc Royal Arch cha pier,
w. on Thursday evening OF. this
lA v Masonic temple az s f. NJ.
ar"h IN the Royal Arch degree.
wSJ! ast wiz be served at.6.15,. af-
ia The work will be resumed
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

@s Fred Fernald Ia reported to be
,SN Ill at her rooms, 10 Crosby
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

H., rs A.. ', Leach and daughters.
~ ~ ana Peggy of Belfast have ar
s'sA "a The city tuytisit with Mrs.
$50 parents. Mr.. and Mrs. W. $.
N@s anherst streeu
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

The fall and winter train scneoule
az the Maine Central ltaiiroad goes
into effect Sunday, Sept. ~.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Miss Edith Wadsworth left Mon
dav morning for a sevcral days ousi-
ness stay In Skowhegan.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

National Guard officer, from tho Hail
county chain gang a week ago became
knowp today. He was serving n Terri,
for bisamy following q sensational
marriage here with Ethel CashweII IN
April. "
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

l. Az 20 sickness | am unable to
u y Ms on my customers for q
no 4 zen days. but wish to an
lscmsat all telephone orders. will
d Ivy hiled and delivered ana
IL nsreatly appreciated. Mrs.
IA sey. 20 Gannett street. Aus
sept. 23d2t
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

The number of students and teach
crs who will so this evening to Lewis
ton to attend the Bates-Cambridge de-
bate has increased until it has now
reached 40 1t was originally planned
that about so would make the trip and
seats for that number we're reserved.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Fourteen-year old boy Of Colum-
bia. =. c.. confesses killing his aunt
and attacking her three small chill
dren in a fit Of temper over an argu-
ment
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Sx, LOCAL NOTICE !,
sW Done at . SkWail st. Tel:
= aug22dtf
al s..,,ovelty dance this Tuesday
lssst txrade. Follow the crowd.
"atn plays, t.-,~ = eept22dSt
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Thirty-three dead. scores injured
and immense damage TO property
are results OF Sundays storm in
Wisconsin. latest dispatches indicate.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Discover at Bonn. Germany. OF
neW comet of S. .enth magnitude Ia
announc- I'd by local college observers
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

League Of nations assembly at
Geneva begins deliberations on pro-
focal on arbitration and security pro-
posed by Benes of Czecho Slovakia
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

The Reverend Lawrence NJ. Hight.
OF Ina. Ulls) confesses to poisoning
his wife and Milford Sweetin, a par
ishioner, ito relieve them of pain"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-09-23

Columbus. Ga. Sept. 22.--Escaps Of
W. z Lsming. former Nsssachusstts