davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1924-08-15
OBITUARY
WARRINGTON

Mrs. LOvey A. Warrington, wife of
former Coroner Joseph A. Warning
ton, died at her home between
Georgetown and COkesbury on Mon
day, July %, 1924, after a long ill
ness, aged 72 years. Funeral services
were held in Cokesbury NJ. q. Church
and interment made in the adjoining
cpmptprV
Milford chronicle., 1924-08-15

There will be a festival at Union
Church grove on August 10Th Tues
day evening" for the benefit of the
church. There will be ice cream and
cake on sale and everyone is invited
to come,
Milford chronicle., 1924-08-15

Few metropolitans can ridicuie the
small town sufficiently to make ma
tives forget they came from one
Milford chronicle., 1924-08-15

Letters complying with the first
request. mailed from the state office
ten days ago, have been received to
date from twenty-seven associations.
Milford chronicle., 1924-08-15

Advertising space is sold
on basis of guaranteed
circulation of over 5000
copies each issue.
Evening star., 1924-06-22
By WILL P. KENNEDY

" HE twentieth amendment to the Consti-
tution-giving Congress power to
regulate and prohibit child labor-wil
u probably be adopted early next year
After considering twenty-three resolutions
upon this subject both the House, by vote
of 297 to So, and the Senate. by a vote of
81 to %, acted favorably upon a resolution
proposing the child labor amendment to the
Constitution. Before this proposal be-
come effective a part of the Constitution
it must be ratified by at least hree-fourths
OF the several states.
The legislatures of two states are now in
session-Rhode Island and Louisiana. The
Georgia legislature meets next Wednesday
(June ESQ. Those three states will have the
first opportunity to act on the proposed
amendment. The legislatures of fortytwo
states meet in 1925-all the states except Ala
bama, Louisiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missis-
sppi and Virginia. All of these meet in
January, except Florida, which meets in May,
and Georgia.
1t petition of the legislatures of six
states-Massachusetts, California, Nevada,
North Dakota, Washington and Wisconsin,
and more than a score of national organiza-
tions, such the American Federation of
Labor, the Republican and Democratic national
committees, the American Federation of
Teachers, the National Council of Mothers and
Parent-Teacher Associations the National
Education Association and the Young Womens
Christian Association, that Congress took this
action
The late President Wilson was enthusias-
tic supporter of the principle of federal regu
lation and personally urged its importance on
both Congress and the country as a whole.
The late President Harding and President
Coolidge both recommended to Congress the
submission of child labor amendment to
the states, the former in his message in
December, 1922, and the latter December
s. 1928.
The startling facts regarding child labor
follows: There are 1,06o,s5S children in
the United States between the ages of ten
and fifteen working. in every twelve.
There are 647.30s. 81 per cent of the total.
occupied in agriculture, forestry and animal
husbandry and 1s5357, IFS per cent, occu-
pied in manufacturing and mechanical in
dustries
Georgia has $4,000 child workers Alabama
$4,000; Texas. 900; Mississippi, 10000; South
Carolina, $4,000; North Carolina, $4,000: Penn
syivania, $4,000; New York, $4,000; Arkansas,
$4,000; Tennessee. 10000; Illinois. $1,000;
Massachusetts,, $4,000; New Jersey. $4,000
Evening star., 1924-06-22

Child labor is confined to no section of the
country. According to the 1920 census the
proportion of the total child population. ten
to fifteen years of age, inclusive, employed
in gainful occupation ranged from per cent
in the three Pacific coast states to II per
cent in the east south central states-Ken-
lucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi.
In Mississippi more than one-fourth of all
the children were at work. or the New Eng
land states Rhode Island had the largest pro-
portion of children from ten to fifteen years
of age, 13 per cent employed in gainful occu-
pations" Except in the south other state
had SO large percentage of employed chill
dren.
Non-AEriculfurnl Workers.
Since none of the child labor laws consider
children engaged in agriculture 1t is peril
nent to give the records of some states and
cities regarding children in non-agricultural
occupation-Illnois, 81 900; New Jersey, 25,-
900; New York. 1900; Massachusetts,. $4,000
and Pennsylvania, $4,000 The mill cities of
Fall River and New Bedford Mass. lead all
cities of than 100000 population, with
Is and II per cent, respectively, of their chill
dren at work. Many other large cities have
more than 10 per cent of their children en-
ployed.
After nearly century of state legislation
on child labor and with every state having
child labor laws of some Sort the census OF
1920 shows than a million children be-
tween and fifteen years at work. instead
And child labor is even today increasing, &C
cording to surveys made by the United States
children's bureau, covering thirty-four cities
in eighteen states and the District of CO.
lumbia, having a total population of approx
mately 100000.
Cooperation with stateA
The amendment to the Constitution which
Congress has acted favorably, If ratified by
the requisite thirty six states, would permit
our national government to work with the
states in protecting children from explota-
tion. 1t would enable Congress to legisate
but the amendment itself contains regula-
tion or prohibition. Such action by the
tional government would not be an expert
ment. Two child labor laws passed by
Congress and were in effect for nearly four
years before being declared unconstitutional
During that time state officials testified that
the federal enforcing machinery helped their
work in the states and did not discourage state
initiative in the of children
The first proposals for a federal law to pre-
vent the industrial exploitation of children
were made in Congress. in December 1905,
when Senator Beveridge of Indiana and Rep
Evening star., 1924-06-22
Ban on Labor Dwarfing Child Life
OF Nation Now Squarely Up to States

resentative Herbert Parsons introduced bills
to prevent the employment of children in fac
tories and mines" and Senator Lodge sponsor
ed a measure designed to prohibit the employ
ment of children in the manufacture or pro-
duction of articles intended for interstate
commerce.
Almost ten years later. September /. 1916.
the first federal child labor law was adopted.
with the provision that it should become
operative year later, September !, 1917.
Under its power to regulate interstate and
foreign commerce. Congress sought in this
measure to close the channels of interstate
and foreign commerce to the products Of child
labor Thr ee days before the act went into ef-
feet the United Statese district attorney in the
western district of North Carolina,
joined from enforcing the act On July 3, 1918,
after the law had been in operation nine
months and three days. the decision of the
district court was affirmed by the United States
Supreme Court IN a fve-to-four decision
the ground the law was not legitimate exer-
else of Congress- power to regulate interstate
commerce and was therefore unconstitutional
Following this decision, Congress enacted on
February "a, 1919, a part of the revenue
act provision for a tax of 10 per cent on the
annual net profits OF certain enumerated estab-
lishments which employed children in viola
tior of the age and hour standards laid down
in tho act
But Two Courses Open
The child labor tax law became operative
on April 25. 1919, and was in effect until May
Is, 1922, when the United States Supreme
Court in the case OF Bailey vs. The Drexel Fur
niture Company, held that it was not valid
exercise OF Congress right to lay and collect
taxes Only one judge dissented from this
opinion 1t therefore seems to be clearly estab-
lished that Congress must either abandon the
object sought in those two laws the Con-
stitution must be amended to give to
Congress the power which it was believed to
have when those two acts were passed.
Only thirteen states have child labor laws
which measure up in every particular to the
standards OF the federal laws. They Ala
bama, Connecticut. Illinois. Indiana, Kansas.
Kentucky New York, Ohio Oklahoma Oregon,
Tennessee. West Virginia and Wisconsin
In addition. the following five states have
child labor laws which measure up the
federal standards. except in regard to employ
ment in mines quarries. both: Massa-
chusetts, Minnesota, Montana. New Jersey and
North Dakota
Evening star., 1924-06-22
WORLDS BEST HIGHWAY
SYSTEM TO BE i. S. BOAST
Government Pouring Millions Into Prof
ect for Co-ordinated System All
Over Nation.

rcsentative John NJ Robson of Ken
tuoky.
The survey made by the bureau of
public roads disclosed that the trans
portation of freight by highway in
the state of Connecticut alone during
1922 amounted to 15o.00o,0oo ton
, miles To do this amount of hauling
train of 100 fve-ton trucks would
have to circuit the earth twelve
times. Other states, such as New
York, Massachusetts,, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania and Ohio, have out
stripped this remarkable record.
It reasonably may be assumed that
the motor vehicle is now handling
60, 900 o0o,oo0 ton-miles Of passenger
and freight traffic each year. They
nomically and with less breakage
than rail and water lines. In fact,
in the great commercial sections of
this country, while we have the
greatest and finest rail and water
systems of transportation in the
world, they cannot begin to handle
the commerce of the country, and
at certain seasons of the year they
must place an embargo on certain
products and commodities
Just at the time the country was
becoming thickly settled and the
country needed a quick and eco
nomical short-haul means of trans
portation the motor vehicle makes
its appearance
Growth OF Autos Use.
No sensible merchant, factory own
er or farmer would think of suggest
ing that we do away with the use
of motor vehicles, and that is what
would happen if the highway trans
portation system should not be de-
veloped in such a comprehensive and
continuing way as was projected in
the federal highway act of 1921. In
1895 there were only 800 automobiles
in the United States and no motor
trucks. By 1900 this number had
increased to $4,000: in 1905, to $4,000;
in 1910 they had increased to 46S,o0o;
in 1912 we reached the million mark;
in 1915 we had 2,500,0oo; in 1920 we
had jumped to 100000, and today
l6,UUU,UUU NeHiCiCS ok ci etiS
highways of this country and 1T is
conservatively estimated before the
end of 1925 we will have 100000
motor vehicles. We now have about
IS per cent of all the motor vehicles
of the world, representing an invest
ment to the American people OF at
least 1000, 100000.
Prior to 1921 the counties, states
and federal government had built and
surfaced about 100000 miles of road.
These were like the railroads of this
country in the beginning. They were
disjointed and disconnected.
What Appropriation Did.
Congress between 1917 and 1921
appropriated s275,ooo,ooo to aid the
states in the construction of high
ways. This action on the part of
Congress accomplished at least two
great purposes. It greatly stimu-
lated activity and sentiment for good
roads throughout the nation and led
to the creation Of highway depart
ments in each Of the forty-eight
states, but the federal plan was
found to be inherently weak in at
Evening star., 1924-06-22

AN/ worlds greatest highway
" system. Especially at this
Evening star., 1924-06-22

w YE are now building the
| AN/ worlds greatest highway
| " " system. Especially at this
season or the year. when
the call of the road entices automo-
bile owners to "see America first"
and with the multiplication of low
! priced cars affording hundreds of
| thousands Of persons an opportunity
to travel, the use of this great high
! way system for pleasure and recre-
| alton and education is apparent The
main reason. however, for this tre-
mendous undertaking is to afford a
means for transporting food supplies
| and to relieve the railroad and water
haul transportation systems
The United States is now working
on a ten-year project for a great
| co-ordinated system Of highways. in
| tercounty and interstate in character,
stretching to total of 10000 miles,
under the act of November 8, 1921.
Congress authorized an appropri-
alton of $50, ,000, 900 for the fiscal year
| 1923, $e5,o0o,oo0 for the year 1924,
$75, 100000 for 1925, and the House
| has passed and the Senate will con-
slider early next year an appropri-
| alton of $500 1000 for the fiscal
years 1925 and 1927, to carry out the
plan of federal cooperation with the
| states in building this greatest high
way system.
When completed, it will penetrate
every city, industrial center and
practically every community in this
nation, and will be the best system
of highways in the world.
A survey recently made by the
United States bureau of public roads
discloses that the use of the high
ways has increased fully SO per cent
in the last three years.
Problem Of Distribution.
A few years ago a majority of our
a substantial majority of our people
| live in the cities and industrial CEN
| ters. One of the very great prob
lens of today Is to provide for the
distribution of food, clothing, fuel
and shelter for our rapidly increasing
millions of population. This prob
lem will grow more pressing as the
years come and go. The producers
and consumers of the nation must be
brought into more intimate and
closer relation.
We have spent perhaps $25, 200, ,O00,-
600 in developing our rail and water
transportation lines. 1t is estimated
that rs per cent of the commerce of
this country is carried over the high
ways, and practically all of our COM
merce uses the highways for some
part of its journey. 1t was found
only few years ago that over one
half of the perishable products such
as fruit and vegetables, was lost be-
cause of bad roads. The highways
must be brought to the store, factory
and shop and at the same time be in
intimate touch with the forest, mine
and farm. The nations problem is to
work out and construct the finest and
best system Of highway transporta-
ton, to the end that we may have
more adequate. more economical and
more efficient means Of transporta-
J tion. This was emphasized during
the closing hours of Congress by Rep
Evening star., 1924-06-22

least three very important particu-
lars. The federal road act did not
provide for a connected and co-or-
dinated system of highways. 1t did
not provide for the Standardization Ii
OF the highways as to width, material
and construction. 1t failed to pro-
vide for the upkeep and maintenance
OF the roads when once constructed.
The federal highway system on
which we are now working is the kew
to the highway development of the
whole country. We have already COM
pleted about $4,000 miles of this great
federal system. We are building at
the rate of about 10000 miles per
year. If we keep up our present pro-
gram we will finish the system in
about ten years. The states are also
building about 10000 miles of other
roads each year. The states and ma
tion are completing about 10000 miles
of hard-surfaced roads annually.
Roads Will BE United.
Under this federal highway act all
of these roads will be united. They
will be of that width and character of
material suitable for the traffic, and
when these roads are once construct
ed the states must maintain them and
keep them in good order constantly.
To bring this system up to service
able standards within the full decade
ahead would mean a surfacing pro-
gram of about 1000 miles for each
of the ten years-this in addition to
the additions to the system, the sepa-
ration of grade crossings. reconstruc-
ton and other work necessary.
The mileage completed has in
creased year by year since the begin
ming of federal aid road construction,
that for 1913 being but 12.5 miles,
while the mileages completed during
the following years were: Nineteen
nineteen, 1T; 1920. 1893; 1921, 5,7s7;
1922, 10,z47: 1923, $3.50, and for the
first eight months Of the fiscal year
1924, $500 miles.
In addition to the work completed
on March /, 1924. there were 1876
miles under construction. The total
estimated cost of both the completed
work and the work under construc-
ton amounted to $s44,i8s,300, of
which $372,721,soo represented the
federal participation.
Q. s. Puts Up Half of Cost.
One great advantage about this
federal highway act is that the gov
ernment puts up one-half of the cost
and the state must put up the other
one-half. Under the old law the
counties matched the federal aid. OF
course, this meant that good roads
could not be built through poor coun-
ties. Under the present law this great
system will go forward through the
poor counties as well as the rich
counties.
For national defense this great fed
eral highway system would be of the
utmost value. The nation in looking
to it's safety in the future must have
in mind roads that can be used for
military purposes for moving men
and materials in time of war. About
$4,000 miles of this 17o,ooo-mile sys-
tenn have been mapped out as mill
tary roads and will in the event of
war be used to mobilize the man
power and resources of the nation.
The building of this system of high
ways means more to the permanent
national defense of this country than
any sum put in a great standing
army, yet the standing army cost this
country about $500, 100000 a year, and
a like sum is necessary for the Navy,
Representative Robsion emphasizes.
Evening star., 1924-06-22

At it's recent commencement the
University Of North Carolina con-
ferred the degree Of doctor Of philos-
ophy on women for the first time
since the institution was organized
in the year that George Washington
became first President Of the United
States
Evening star., 1924-06-22

Continued on Third Page }
Evening star., 1924-06-22

. HE twentieth amendment to the Consti-
tuton-giving Congress power to
regulate and prohibit child labor-wiI
Evening star., 1924-06-22

Continued on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1924-06-22
GEN. DAWES NICKNAME
WON PLAYING PROBERS
Republican Vice Presidential Nominee
Vitriolic in Assailing ''Political'
Inquiries AS to Conduct of War.
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN.

n o factor in the coming ma
nj tional political campaign
will be watched more closely
than sHelI and Maria"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-10-30
P RESEN 7 ALTON
DUE FRIDAY
Great Structure to Be Turned
Over to Operating Company
is s4,5oO,ooo Ho NJ {
Dedication Ceremonies Will
Take Place in December

Seattle's new s4.5o0,0oo Olympic
hotel. construction completed ON
schedule. viii be formally delivered
to the operating company on Friday
noon at the members council lunch.
con OF the Seattle Chamber OF Com
merce. The ceremonies will take
place in the Masonic club rooms, Ar.
cade building.
The delivery or the hotel will be
made by A. S. Kerry. president of the
Community Hotel corporation. Tho
palatial edifice will be received on
behalf OF the Olympic Hotel company
by W. p. Taylor, Jr., resident man.
ager.
Brief addresses. in which will be
related the history of this community
undertaking, viii be made by Frank
Waterhouse, the first president Of
the Community Hotel corporation.
and David Whitcomh. president OF
the Chamber of Commerce.
Special arrangements arc being
made to have this ceremony broad.
cast by radio turnout the Northwest.
In the evening another ceremony
will be broadcast. telling the entire
nation that this city stands ready TO
receive its visitors with u hosiery
which is the finest of its size in the
country.
The Olympic hotel. which cost
(Turn 10 Page Z. Column %
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-10-30
6 men MISSING
IN SHIP FIRE
Loss in Flames at Martinez
Estimated at S1,250,000

MARTINEZ, Cal. oct. so.-six
men reported missing today after
fire destroyed the Associated OH
tanker Alden Anderson and great
quantities OF oil and gasoline and
tho company's dock at Avon. near
here. still were unaccounted for
lato this morning. despite assurances
by company officials that they
would be found.
The men were among those who
leaped or were thrown. into the
water as electric sparks ignited oil
tanks on tho vessel and ashore and
either pcrished in the sea OF flara.
ing oil, drowned or else wcro picksd
up by some vessel whclh has not
as yet reported their safety.
No bodies have been found. which
is ono OF the chief reasons for belief
by company officials that the men
had escaped. They admitted II was
possible that tho men. II they were
caught In the flames. had been com.
pletoly consumed.
The Inflated tanker was still aflolt
shortly before noon, her tanks blaz.
ing II probably will be two days
before the oil Is entirely burned
out. Salvage of the vessel rs be.
licvod hopeless.
Tho loss was estimated at si,250,-
900.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-10-30
Olympic Hotel Completed
Boy Killed.; "N0t Mine"
Says W oman; Yes He
Isl Declare the Neighbors

Tho mystery boy" who lies in
the city morgue, will not be buried
in a pauper's grave.
Children OF whitworth school, out
in Columbia City. have taken up a
collection 10 pay tho funeral ex-
ponses Of the little stranger.
To them he is not stranger
they say he is Amos Hall. their
l4-year.old crstwhile chum and
schoolmate.
But Amos mother, Mrs. c. j,
johnson. Of 1853 Finley st. says
the body OF the boy in the morgue
is not her son.
mo. II cant be Amos, altho 4
looks much like him." said the
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-10-30
The Pendulum
Swings Again
(EDITORIAL)

THE pendulum has swung.
Labor goes out; conservatives come in by
a landslide in the British elections of Wednes-
day
This despite the fact that the Macdonald la
Dor government gave Britain one of the most
progressive administrations it has had in years.
Just as they are vital to clocks, so are pendu-
lums essential TO the proper functioning of pop
ular government.
They are the weights that regulate democ-
racy; the drag that serves to balance and offset
any speedup in the clockwork of party organiza-
ton that would throw the machinery of govern
ment out of alignment.
They keep popular government in the middle
of the road by the constant turnover that pre-
vents any one party from remaining in power
too long. Such state would mean jeopardy to
government designed to serve ALL the people.
Labor will come back in Britain.
Politics cannot outwit the law of gravity.
The pendulum will swing again.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-10-30
DIGEST SHOWS
c. 0. P. WIN
Magazine Straw Vote Places
La Toilette Second
Coolidge. i.3is.o55.
Ia Toilette. 5os.5Is.
Davis. 5oa.iI0.

Above are the final figures in the
Literary Digest poll. covering the
presidential election. A total Of
2.3sSo5e straw ballots were cast.
The figures indicate the election OF
President Coolidge. with La Toilette
second in popular vote. hut third in
the electoral college.
ION the basis OF the present Di.
gcst poll. even allowing critics thcIr
claim for a considerable margin Of
error. II will be seen the total seems
to point 10 the probability that SIR.
Coolidge viii receive the electoral
vote OF a sufficient number OF
states TO insure his reelection rays
the Digest.
There are strong claims Ia Fol-
lette viii carry both Minnesota and
Iowa. but the Digest figures do not
indicate this. California has from
the FIRST shown strong sentiment
for the Wisconsin candidate. and in
spite Of the present vote OF 1870
10 rCoolidge. TO s5.iss for In Fol
lette. the state is marked doubt
full"
The Digest also places North and
South Dakota in the doubtful col
umn. Nevada was also doubtful.
The progressive candidate is sure OF
carrying only Wisconsin. according
to the poll. altho he may beat Davis
in the popular vote. on account OF
democratic strength. Oklahoma. West
Virginia and Maryland arc also
placed in the doubtful column.
Granting the last three states men.
toned arc carried by Davis. the Di-
gest believes Davis total electoral
vote would he but 1856. The Digest
credits Ia Toilette with but 20 cleo.
toral votes from sho states OF North
and South Dakota, Nevada, Calfor.
MIA and Wisconsin. Coolidge is cred.
tied with 327 electoral votes, with
2ss necessary - elect him.