davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1924-02-21
THE FEDERAL INTERMEDIATE CREDIT BANKS

Congress adopted an Act of that
character in 1900 The establish
ment of n standard currency made
necessary the creation of some sort
of a system that would act as a,
barometer or governor of our bank
ing system, whereby the currency
might be expanded or contracted as
the needs of our commercial activ-
tiles might require thus avoiding
panics and depressions like those OF
1898.
In 1913 Congress enacted the Fed
eral Reserve System of banking.
This, briefly, divided the United
States into twelve reserve districts
all under the control of a Federal
Reserve Board. of which the Secre-
tary of the Treasury and the Comp
troller of the Currency are also
members. This active Board Is
permanently located in Washington.
1t %supervises the general activities
of each reserve bank and also de-
termines the expansion and contrac-
ton of the currency. All National
Banks are compelled. under the law,
to become members of the system
and to subscribe for stock in their
respective Reserve Banks. In this
way the capital was supplied for
each Reserve Bank, which gave
them authority to function. The
Act did not require State or Pri-
vate banks, or loa and trust COM
panies doing a general banking bust
ness, to join the reserv system, but
they could do so If they desired.
Under the Federal Reserve Act no
loans could be made for a period of
six months which is OF sufficient
time for quick commercial turno"crs,
but not for Agricultural production.
The primary pui pose Of h At vas
to control the currency system Of
the United states, to provide FIR
the expansl'l and contraction #
that currency as occasion demanded.
and to bring a better banking sys-
TEN to those banks under It's super
vision. A system which cont.ols the
currency, which is our medium of
exchange, canno he expected to sup
ply the long time credit require
ments of production, either agricul-
tural or industrial When any of
our industrial concerns such as rail
Continued on Page 12J
, 1924-02-21
by J.. c. UNDERWOOD
Wyoming Director Omaha Federal
Land Bank

Wyoming Director Omaha Federal
Land Bank
The following address was de-
livered before the Rawlins Rotary
Club last week by Hon. j. C. Under
wood:
Over the brief period the Federal
Intermediate Credits Banks have
beer in operation | know of no
words that would express the present
status of those banks better than the
words used by Senator Dumas of
the French Chamber of Deputies. in
discussing a somewhat parallel
problem in that body:
Those who approach this prob
lem for the first time-decide it at
once.
"Those who study it with care
hesitate.
Those who are charged with its
administration and are obliged to
analyze and decide its perpleXing
problems-are overwhelmed with its
weight of enormous responsibility"
If the solid and constructive
growth of the Federal Land Banks
may be cited as an example OF what
a financial institution operating for
the particular benefit of agriculture
has accomplished IN less than seven
years, then the future of the Inter
mediate Credit Banks will eventual
ly cover an enormous field of en-
deavor. Now with so little known
about their possibilities and SO much
to study and analyze with their null
titude of problems only time can
tell whether those charged with the
administration, and those benefited
by its functions, cooperating to-
gether. will build and develop a
system constructive and dependable
to the producing and marketing of
agricultural products.
Since the beginning of agricul-
tural development in this country by
the Pilgrims, about 1880, we have
been in more or less of a turmoil in
an effort to place the products of
agricultural toll upon a solid and
dependable basis. Statesmen, poll.
ticians and legislative assemblies,
with their enactments. have attempt
ed to solve the question by statutes
and in other ways, but agriculture
is still far from a basis of equality
with other industries.
, 1924-02-21

Washington. d. c. and view for
themselves the places described by
Rev. Law.
w. W. Daley aced as chairman of
the meeting,
At the business session of the
meeting President Armstrong ex-
tended to the Rawlins Rotarians an
invitation from the Cheyenne club
to attend the anniversary meeting
in Cheyenne next Friday night. He
also extended an invitation for Raw
Inns Rotarian to be in Cheyenne the
evening of March LIST and listen to
"A talk from the International Presi-
dent Of Rotary.
Several members of the Club will
be in Cheyenne for the meeting Fri
day evening and also for the meet
ing March LIST.
Peter Sill, proprietor of the Raw
Inns Bakery, F. j. Myers. photogra-
pher, and Owe j. Peterson, music,
were elected to membership in the
club.
, 1924-02-21

bGlllci PIES OF notary III many
gone astray and attempted to usurp
duties which should be handled by
the Board of Trade. In the opinion
of DIR. Kell the chief duty of Rotary
is the foster better feeling between
businessmen between employer and
employee; and between businessmen
and customers. In other words Re-
tary means Service"
Following DR.. Kell's talk the club
litened to IN excellent address by
Rev. w. j. Law of the Me hodiSt
church. Rev. Law who was raised
in the east and who has spent years
in places sacred to the memory of
our first president. George Washing
ton, gave to the ROtariah many new
thoughts in connection With WASH
ington. Rev. Law ~ his address
carried the Rotar'ans to Washing
ton, ID. C., to valley Forge. 10 Alex
andria, and to Mount Vernon. His
description of the national capitol
was exceptionally clear and follow
ing the address many expressed them
selves as being determined TO see
, 1924-02-21

by incompetents. The blame falls
rightly upon the voter.
I'm private life as well as public
America has need for such leader as
those outstanding in her national
history Washington, Lincoln, and
others. Professional men should
succeed more in proportion to their
endowments of leadership qualities.
And they should lead in the spirit
of Justice. have nj use for the
man who says Praise to my coun-
try. right or wrong" or to the mar
who senselessly applies that slogan
to his political party. Right is the
only true beacon light for leaders to
heed. hat their constituents may
follow also"
An interesting part OF the semi
patriotic program was Lincoln's
Gettysburg address, most tellingly
delivered by Rendle Nelson. intro
duced by DR.. Fraser as my able
assistant"
Two matters of Importance were
discussed during the business ses-
sion. Mr.. Hilliard called the atten-
ton of the organization to the col
lection of refuse on the dump east
of Rawlins which is constantly
, 1924-02-21
MEMORY
H0N0RED BY R0TAR!ANS
REV. LAW OF N. E. CHURCH ADDRESSES n0TAR|ANS
AT ANNUAL ANNIVERSARY Meeting
OF THE MWLINS CLUB

The anniversary of international Rotary and also the ar.
nivcrsary Of the establishment of the Rawlins Rotary Club
was observed Tuesday last when Past President Kell gave "A
short resume of the activities of International Rotary and of
the activities of the Rawlins Club.
DIR. kcll made a strong plea for better observance of the
ethics of Rotary with less time and attention devoted to mat
ters which come within the province of Commercial Clubs.
DIR. Kell stated that the Rawlins Club has not adhered to the
, 1924-02-21

growlnS nearer the Highway. Con-
trary to city order, certain persons
are dumping rubbish in places not
designated by the city. This makes
all entrances into the city most I'M
slightly, Mr.. Hilliard pointed out,
and urged immediate action. After
several strong statements condem-
ming this practice, the club passed
a resolution that will be submitted
to the city council by a specially
chosen committee at the next regu-
ar meeting, or the first Wednesday
in March. Any citizen wishing to
hear what the Lions club thinks of
acts which tend to make this city
a pest hole of tin cans and paper
should hear that committee in &C
ton on that date-March 5th!
A swimming pool vas discussed
and a committee appointed to invest
igate its feasibility. Mr.. C. w.
Street proposed that shelters or
dressing rooms be built at favorite
holes" on the Platte. so hat boys
and girls have some privacy. 1t was
decided also that, should action be
taken by the club. ropes should be
installed for the safety of bathers.
, 1924-02-21
LIONS LISTEN To
ADDRESS ON LINCOLN
DR.. fraser DELIVERED MASTERLY ADDRESS ON
LINCOLN AT LIONS Luncheon Held
THURSDAY AFTERNOON LAST

'Leaders are born, not made; they are elected to service
rather than schooled in the art of serving said DR.. James A.
Fraser in his address least Thursday before the weekly meet
ing of the local Lions club.
But the high places of leadership he continued, care
oftentimes filled by men or women utterly unfit for their re
sponsbiities. This is not strange. OF the 26 million voters
at the last presidential election eight per cent were illiterate,
and a vastly greater number were swayed by party propa-
ganda. 1t is no wonder many of our public offices are manned
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Tribute Paid Wilson's Memory.

Washington.-Public men OF all
stations and many of those who have
attained places of national leadership
outside Of official life, paid tribute
publicly to the memory of Woodrow
Wilson. President Coolidge in a proc
lamation declaring a period of official
mourning, declared that Mr.. Wilson's
high motives and sincerity Of purpose
had made a new place for America in
the affairs Of the world. He had led
the nation through the trials Of the
great war, the president said, with a
lofty idealism which never failed him.
Chief Justice Taft, now the only liv.
ing ex-president, said Of MI. Wilson
that he was a man Of high ideals and
great force of character, who will
live In the ideals he preached and
sought" Secretary Hughes, Mr.. Will
sons opponent for the presidency in
1916, declared the nation would view
with deepest sorrow the passing of a
great leader" Secretary Hoover be-
spoke for the dead statesmen a high
appreciation and deep gratitude once
the clouds of war bitterness have
cleared away"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Three Killed at Crossing.

Los Angeles.-Three persons were
killed and a fourth probably fatally
injured in traffic accidents here.
Clark Brown, rs, and Mrs. May
Ford, 25, met death when the auto
mobile in which they were riding
crashed into a freight train at a
grade crossing near the downtown
business district, and Charles ]. Ray,
81, was killed when an automobile
driven by Mrs. Martha Jones struck
him. Mrs. Jones was arrested and
held on suspicion Of manslaughter.
Homer Truitt received injuries kthe
crossing accident from which it is
said he would not recover
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
HOME is WRECKED;
Fifteen ARE KILLED
An Entire Family Wiped Out. by.
Explosion Of Gas and
Dynamite. 80

Pawtucket, r. IAN explosion,
which shock the country side FIR 20
miles t,ound, wrecked a tWo.family
house at Cumberland Hill, ManVille,
in the ruins were found 10 bodies.
Many of the victims, in the opinion
Of the medical examiner, were asphyX-
lated before the explosion, which re-
suited from the ignition OF illuminat-
ing gas and was made more severe by
the defamation of some dynamite
stored in the cellar.
One entire family, the head OF an
other family and a young woman
boarder were killed. They were Ade-
laide Hamel, his wife and their six
sons. and five daughters ranging in
age from 9 to q years, Michael Con-
way and Miss Apoline Dancour.
Hamel was a wood chopper and the
dynamite in the cellar was for his
use in the woods. Miss Dancour had
gone to the Hamel home as a boarder
only last night.
One Of Conway's sons, on awaken
ing this morning, detected a strong
odor Of gas. Accusing his mother he
went downstairs with a brother to in
vestigate. AS they opened the cellar
door there was a binding explosion,
a light in the hallway having come in
contact with the accumulated gas.
Bruised and cut by the broken
glass and splintered wood work, the
boys fastened the rescue Of other
members of the family.
They found their father caught in
a mass Of debris and started to try
to extricate him, but he ordered them
to get their mother and sisters out
Of the house first. They did so, and
on their return they found that their
father had fallen into a mass Of blaz'
ing ruins in the cellar. The mother
and sister also received severe cuts
and bruises.
Meanwhile, neighbors had entered
on the side Of the house and found
six members Of the Hamel family ly'
ing dead. The other eight bodies
we're recovered later.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
WOODROW WILSON LEFT
HIS MARK ON THE WORLD
Map Was Made over While He
Was In The White
House.

Twenty-eighth president Of the
United States, and the first democrat
since Jackson to serve two successive
terms, Woodrow Wilson occupied the
presidency during eight years of such
world u%pheaval and turmoil, that his
proper place in history cannot be as.
signed to him until his contempor.
aries are likewise assigned to their
inches.
Certainly, he ranks as one of the
great war presidents of the American
republic, and he exercised such an in
fluence in world affairs as never be
fore attached to his office.
Empires crumbled, thrones col
lapsed, the map Of the world was
made over, and under his administra.
ton the country abandoned its policy
of isolation and became an active
participant in world affairs. In all OF
that he took a powerful hand. No
biographer could attempt to assess
him accurately, and in full, until the
process which began in his day and
with his participation have come to
q conclusion.
An obscure lawyer, by nature a
man of letters, he became an educator
and won his first attention from the
public as president Of Princeton uni
versity. Then by the strange ways
Of a political system he became gov
ernor of New Jersey and later, be-
cause the voters of the republican
party were divided between Theodore
Roosevelt and William Fl. Taft he be-
came president OF the United States.
During his eight years of power he
Travelled the gamut Of human emo
tons; victory defeat; courtship and
marriage; responsibility for leading a
nation into wal with the collateral
responsibility of bringing it back
again to the ways of peace; and
finally a daily struggle with death.
He had heard himself hailed by the
millions OF Europe as "the God OF
peace and heard his name Kissed by
the same millions. Acclaimed at one
time almost as a new Messiah, he
heard himself excoriated and de.
nounced as IN autocrat and worse al
home and abroad. No other president
since Lincoln was so worshipped and
hated; no other president since
Roosevelt had such friends and such
enemies. Through it all he preserved
an outward calm while the grim
destroyer which lowered close about
him during the last months of his
occupancy Of the presidency, follow
ed him relentlessly to the modest
home where he lived the ways Of a
retired gentleman and knocked at his
door every day until 1t was at last
opened.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
WOODROW WILSON
CALLED BY DEATH
END COMES PEACEFULLY AT
11:15 O'CLOCK SUNDAY
FORENOON.
THE CAREER or WOODROW
WILSON AT A GLANCE.

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Wilson's
life was marked by these mile
stones:
Born at Staunton, Va, Deem
Der %, 1856.
Graduated at Princeton univer-
sity, 1879.
Selected as president Of Prince
ton, August /, 1902, after II years
as college professor.
Elected governor Of New Jersey,
November 10, 1910.
Nominated for president In dem
ocratic national convention, Balti-
more, July 2, 1912.
Elected president, November 5,
1912.
Inaugurated, March 4, 1913.
Reelected president, November
Z, 1916.
Asked congress to declare war
on Germany April 2, 1917.
Sailed for France, December 4,
1918, as head of American peace
commission.
Signed treaty Of Versailles, June
2S, 1919.
Carried fight with senate over
league Of nations TO country, Sep
TENDER 3, 1919.
Suffered nervous breakdown,
near Wichita, Kan, September 26,
1919.
Stricken with paralysis at White
House, October 3, 1919.
Retired from presidency, March
4, 1921.
Died at Washington, February 3,
1924.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
SHARP ATTACKS AGAINST
DENLY AND DAUGHERTY
United States Senators Spend an En-
tire Day In Debating Oil Scandal
Lease.

Notwithstanding move for annul.
ment Of the naval oil leases proceeded
slowly in a tbickening atmosphere Of
political bitterness. The senate
again failed to act IN the Walsh an
nulment resolution, and staged an all
day debate in which the demand for
the resignation Of Secretary DENLY
was renewed and a similar attack was
launched against Attorney General
Daugherty.
During the day Senator Walsh,
democrat, Montana, enlarged the
area OF oil fields to be recovered by
introducing a resolution to assert
title to sections of naval oil lands in
California now in possession Of the
Standard Oil Company.
Taking note Of the attacks on him,
Secretary DENLY, after attending a
two-hour session of President Cool
idge's cabinet, said he believed he had
acted for the best in the oil trans
actions; that he would do the same
thing again and that he would not re
sign ven if the Robinson resolution
demanding that he do SO were adopt
ed.
On the floor Of the senate chamber,
Chairman Lenroot, Of the oil COM
mittee, revealed that Mr.. Coolidge
had been informed in advance of the
sensational testimony given a week
age by Archie Roosevelt relating to
charges of a $6S,O00 payment to the
foreman Of former Secretary Falls
ranch.
Senator Willis, republican, Ohio,
then announced that on the same
day Mr.. Fall and his foreman, Thomas
Johnson, had been placed under sur
veillance by agents Of the depart
ment of justice, who were instructed
to prevent their departure from the
country.
Advised that Mr.. Fall was unable to
appear before it because Of a
threatened collapse, the oil
committee decided to examine his
physicians tomorrow before deciding
whether to accept any invitation to
question him in his sick room.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Midland sold-for ss2a.soo.

Sioux City, lathe Midland Pack
ing plant was sold at auction fol
$622, 500 to III. C. Gardner, OF Chicago
the architect who drew the plans fol
the building. Gardner declared that
he represented nobody but himself
and that he intends to. operate the
plant just as soon as he can procure
q clear title. The sale, which was
attended by q crowd of nearly 1000
persons, was held by Receiver C
Walter Britton in obedience to an
order from Federal Judge T. C
hunger, OF Lincolns Ncb.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Thirty.one Bodies Recovered.

Shanktown, Pa.-The bodies of 81
men, who lost their lives in an ex.
plosion of gas in the Lancashire
mines Of the Barnes and Tucker coal
company here, have been recovered
and are in an emergency morgue at
STAFFORD, a village near here. The
bodies of five other miners have
been located by rescue crews, and
four more men are believed en-
tombed. No hope Is held that any
will be found alive.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08

observation-disclosures President
woodrow Wilson died at HIS o'clock
Sunday morning,
The place of his entombment, and
whether his funeral will be public or
private will be determined later.
The end was peaceful, life ebbing
away while he slept.
A tired man, he closed his eyes, and
Sustained and soothed by an unfal-
tering trust" passed on to the great
hereafter, like one who wraps the
drapery Of his couch about him and
lies down to pleasant dreams"
Or, Grayson, his physician and
friend, announced the end Of the great
war president in this bulletin:
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
u. 8. Mail comes Quicker.

London.-Recent experiments In
carrying dummy mails by airplane be-
tween Plymouth, Manchester and
Belfast, to test the practicability of
saving time in transit to and from
America, show that the average ac-
celebration was 20 hours from Plym-
outh to Belfast and 1914 hours to
Manchester. The route used is SUBJ
ject to bad weather conditions in
varying parts of the year, but in the
first fortnight IA flights scheduled for
Manchester were all completed, and
Of the Is to Belfast 10 were com.
pleted.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Common Law Given Jolt.

st. Paul.-The old common law
maxim, whose the soil is, his it is
from the heavens to the depths of
the earth" was overruled in a de.
cision by Judge John c. Michael, OF
the district court of Minnesota, in a
suit for damages brought by a local
property owner after an airplane
made a forced landing on his proper.
ty. The plaintiff sought also to en-
join the defendant from flying over
his property regardless of the alti.
tude of such flights.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Five Mexicans Executed.

Ell Paso, Tex.-Five men were ex.
ecuted by q firing squad in the
Juarez, Mex, cemetery, following al.
legged discovery of a plot to turn
Juarez over to Mexican revolution.
airy chiefs. Col. DOMAIN Lopez, com
mander of the Juarez garrison, an
nounced that a large quantity of
rifles and pistols, together WITH am
munition, was found after the plot
had been discovered. Four of the
men were barely p years of age.
The oldest. a former follower OF
Francisco villa had but one arm.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Society Girl a Suicide.

Boston, Mass.-Miss Margaret
Harding, beautiful ~23-year-old society
girl, daughter OF William p. G. Hard
ing, governor of the federal reserve
bank here, shot herself to death be.
cause she knew lung hemmorrhages
caused by the pace she set in the
social world, were killing her. This
became known here following
the funeral OF the favorite of New
York. washington and Boston young
err society circles when her father
barred the events leading UP to his
daughters Suicide.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Senator Reed a Candidate.

st. Louis, Mo.-Senator James A.
Reed, Of Missouri, announced his
candidacy for the democratic nomi.
nation for the presidency and s%olicic.
tied the Endorsement of the democrat.
ic state convention, which will eject
the Missouri delegates. His decision
to run followed a conference with
more than $50 of his followers, repre-.
senting nearly every community Of
the state.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Trains Crash; Eighteen Dead.

Fortville, Ind.-The death toll OF
the wreck of two Indiana Union
Traction company trains which
collided head-on near here will
probably reach Is, rescue workers
said. Nine badly charred bodies have
been removed from two cars that
were destroyed by fire and seven
other bodies are believed to be In
the wreckage. One man injured in
the wreck died later in a hospital.
Forty injured have been removed tc
hospitals at Anderson and ~Indianapo
lis.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Lost Woman Legally Dead.

Fremont, Neb.-Mrs. Charles Win
ship, former Fremont woman, missing
Is years, was declared legally dead
and her estate and her share of the
estate of her father, ordered distribut'
ed among her children and brothers,
She disappeared at Buffalo, N. Y.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1924-02-08
Norris 10 a Candidate.

Neutrality-suspicious. Norris, Of
Nebraska, one Of the group Of re-
publican insurgents who announced
two years ago that he would retire at
the end Of his present term. said
he had decided to be q candidate
for denomination.