davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-12-03
AGRICULTURE.

No more important development has taken
place in the last year than the beginning OF
restoration Of agriculture to prosperous
condition. We must permit no division OF
classes in this country, with one occupation
striving to secure advantage over another.
Each must proceed under open opportunities
and with fair prospect of economic equality.
The Government fcannot successfully insure
prosperity or fix prices by Legislative fat.
Every business has its risk and its times of
depression. 1t is well known that in the long
there will be more even prosperity and
a more satisfactory range of prices under the
natural working out of economic laws than
when the Government undertakes the arti-
fetal support of markets and industries. Still
so order our affairs. protect our own
people from foreign competition, arrange
national finances, so administer none
tary systems, so provide for the extension of
credits, improve methods of distribution,
to provide a better working machinery for
the transaction of the business of the Nation
with the least possible friction and loss. The
Government has been constantly increasing its
efforts in these directions for the relief and
permanent establishment of agriculture a
sound and equal basis with other business
1t is estimated that the value of the crops
for this harvest year may reach $4,000, 600, 000
which is increase of over $4,000, 600
in three years. 1t compares with $7100 900
in 1913, and If make deduction from the
figures of 1924 for the comparatively decreased
value of the dollar, the yield this year still
exceeds 1913 in purchasing power by over
$1,000 000, 600. and in this interval there has
been increase in the number of farmers.
Mostly by his own effort the farmer has de-
creased the cost of production. marked in
crease in the price of his products and some
decrease in the price of his supplies has
brought him about to parity with the rest
of the Nation The crop of this season
is estimated at 370,000.000 acres, which is a
decline of 100000 from last year.
and 100000 acres from 1919. This has
been a normal and natural application of
economic laws, which has placed agriculture
a foundation which is undeniably sound
and beginning to be satisfactory.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
FOREIGN RELATIONS.

At no period in the past II years have our
foreign relations been in such a satisfactory
condition as they are at the present time. Our
actions in the recent months have greatly
strengthened the American policy of permanent
peace with independence. The attitude which
our Government took and maintained toward
an adjustment of European reparat tions by
pointing out that it not political but
business problem, has demonstrated its wisdom
by its actual results We desire to see Europe
restored that it may resume its productivity in
the increase of industry and its support in the
advance of civilizat ation We look with great
qualification at the hopeful prospect of recu-
peration in Europe through the Dawes plan.
Such assistance as can be given through the
action of the public authorities and of
private citizens, through friendly counsel and
cooperation, and through economic and financial
support, not for any warlike effort but for re-
productive enterprise, not to provide means for
unsound government financing but to establish
sound business administration, should be
hesitatngly provided
Ultimately nations, like individuals, cannot
depend upon each other but must depend upon
themselves. Each must work out it's
salvation. We have every desire to help But
with all resources powerless to
unless efforts meet with construc-
tive response. The situation in coun-
try and all over the world is one that can be
improved only by hard work and self-denial-
1t is necessary to reduce expenditures, increase
savings and liquidate debts. 1t is in this direc-
tion that there lies the greatest hope of domestic
tranquility and international peace. Our own
country ought to furnish the leading example
in this effort. Our past adherence to this
policy, our constant refusal to maintain mill
.tary establishment that could be thought to
menace the security of others, honorable
dealings with other nations whether great or
small, has left US in the almost constant en-
joyment of peace.
1t is not necessary to stress the general de-
sire of all the people of this country for the
promotion of peace. 1t is the leading principle
of all our foreign relations. We have on every
occasion tried to cooperate to this end in all
ways that were consistent with proper in
dependence and our traditional policies. 1t will
be my constant effort to maintain these prln-
cipes and to reinforce them by all appropriate
agreements and treaties. While We desire al
ways to cooperate and to help, we are equally
determined to be independent and free. Right
and truth and justice and humanitarian efforts
will have the moral support of this country all
over the world. But do not wish to become
involved in the political controversies OF others.
Nor is the country disposed to become member
of the League of Nations to assume the obli
cations imposed by it's covenant.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE.

Many times have expressed my desire to
the work of the Washington Conference on
Limitation of Armaments appropriately supple
mented by further agreements for further re-
duction and for the purpose of diminishing the
menace and waste of the competition In pre-
pairing instruments of international war. It has
been and is my expectation that we might hope
fully approach other great powers for further
conference on this subject soon as the carry
ing out of the present reparation plan the
established and settled policy of Europe has
created a favorable opportunity. But on
count of proposals which have already been
made by other governments for a European
conference. it. viii be necessary to wait to see
what the outcome of their actions may be.
should not wish to propose or have representa-
tives attend conference which would contem-
plate commitments opposed to the freedom or
Evening star., 1924-12-03
THE NEGRO.

These developments have brought about a
very remarkable improvement in the condition
of the negro race Gradually but surely, with
the almost universal sympathy of those among
whom they live. the colored people working
out their own destiny. l firmly believe that
it is better for all concerned that they should
be cheerfully accorded their full constitutional
rights, that they should be protected from all
of those impositions to which, from their posi-
ton, they naturally fall prey, especially from
the crime of lynching, and that they should re-
ceive every encouragement to become full par
takers in all the blessings of common
American citizenship.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
RAILWAYS.

The railways during the past year have
made still further progress in recuperation
from the war, with large gains in efficiency
and ability expeditiously to handle the traffic
of the country. We have now passed through
several periods of peak traffic without the
car shortages which frequently in the past
have brought havoc to our agriculture and
industries. The condition of many of
great freight terminals is still one of diff
fcuIty and results in imposing large costs on
the public for inward bound freight and
the railways for outward bound freight. Ow-
trg to the growth of our large cities and the
great incrase in the volume of traffic, par
ticuarly in perishables. the problem is not
only difficult of solution, but in some cases
not wholly solvable by railway action alone
In my message last year I emphasized the
necessity for further legislation with view
to expediting the consolidation of rail-
ways into larger systems The principle of
Government control of rates and profits, now
thoroughly imbedded in our governmental at
titude toward natural monopolies such as the
railways, at once eliminates the need of com
petition by small units method of rate
adjustment Competition must be preserved
as a stimulus to service but this will exist
and can be increased under enlarged systems
Consequently the consolidation of the railways
into larger units for the purpose of securing
the substantial values to the public which will
come from larger operation has been the logf-
cal conclusion of Congress in its previous enact
ments, and is also supported by the best opin-
ion in the country. Such consolidation will
assure not only a greater element of competi-
tion as to service. but it will afford economy
in operation, greater stability in railway earn
ings, and more economical financing. 1t opens
large possibilities of better equalization of rates
between different classes of traffic so as to re-
lieve undue burdens upon agricultural products
and raw materials generally, which are now
not possible without ruin to small units owing
to the lack of diversity of traffic 1t would also
tend to equalize earnings in such fashion to
reduce the Importance of section 15A, at which
criticism often misapplied has been directed.
smaller number of units would offer less diff
cuties in labor adjustments and would con-
tribute much to the solution of terminal diff
culties.
Evening star., 1924-12-03

ment of success or the encouragement OF
business. but the production of the greatest
amount of revenue from large incomes. / am
convinced that the larger incomes OF the
country would actually yield more revenue
to the Government If the basis of taxation
were scientifically revised downward. More
over the effect of the present method of this
taxation is to increase the cost of interest
on productive enterprise and to increase the
burden of rent 1t is altogether likely that
such reduction would encourage and slim
ulate investment that it would firmly estab-
lish our country in the economic leadership
of the world.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
RECLAMATION.

Our country has well defined policy of
reclamation established under statutory
thority. This policy should be continued and
made a self-sustaining activity administered
in manner that Will meet local requirements
and bring our arid lands into a profitable
state of cultivation as fast there is
market for their products. Legislation is
pending based on the report of the Fact Find
ing Commission for the proper relief of those
needing extension of time in which to meet
their payments on irrigated land. and for ad-
ditional amendments and reforms of
lamaton laws. which all exceedingly i'm
portant and should be enacted at once.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
CIVIL SERVICE.

The merit system has long been recognized
the correct basis for employment in civil
service. l believe that first, second and third
class postmasters, and without covering in the
present membership the field force of prohibition
enforcement, should be brought within the
classified service by statute law. Otherwise
the executive order of one administration is
changed by the executive order of another ad-
ministration. and little real progress is made.
Whatever its defects, the merit system is GER
tainly be preferred to the spoils system.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
PRISON REFORM.

Pending before the Congress is a bill which
has already passed house providing for
a reformatory to which could be committed first
offenders and young for the purpose Of
segregating them from contact with hardened
criminals and providing them with special train
ing in order to re-establish in them the power
to pursue a law-abiding existence in the social
and economic life of the Nation. This Is mat
ter of so much Importance as to warrant the
early attention of the present session. Fur
ther provision should also be made, for like
reason, for a separate reformatory for women.
Evening star., 1924-12-03

TIME present state of the Union, upon
which it is customary for the Presi-
dent to report to the Congress under
the provisions of the Constitution is
such that it may be regarded with
encouragement and satisfaction by every
American Our country is almost unique in
its ability to discharge fully and promptly all
its obligations at home and abroad, and pro-
vide for all its inhabitants increase in
material resources, in intellectual vigor and
In moral power. The Nation holds a position
unsurpassed in all former human experience
This does not mean that we do not have any
problems 1t is elementary that the increas-
ing breadth of experience necessarily IN
creases the problems of our national life.
Rut i does mean that if we will but apply
ourselves industriously and honestly we nave
ample powers with which to meet our prob
lens and provide for their speedy solution
/ do not profess that we can secure an era OF
perfection in human existence, but we can
provide an era of peace and prosperity at
tended with freedom and justice and made
more and more satisfying by the ministra-
tions of the charities and humanities of l1e
our domestic problems for the most
part economic. We have our enormous debt
to pay and we are paying it. We have the
high cost of Government to diminish, and we
are diminishing it. We have heavy burden
of taxation to reduce and we are reducing it.
But while remarkable progress has been made
accomplished. We still owe over $2l,OOo'ouo-
Q00 tue cost of the National Government -
still about S3.5O0 900 600, and the national
taxes still amount to about S27 for each one
Of our inhabitants There yet exists TINS
enormous field~for the application OF economy.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
NATIONAL ELECTIONS.

Nothing is fundamental to the integrity of
a Republican form of government honesty in
all that relates to the conduct of elections. 1
of the opinion that the national laws gov
ernng the choice of members of the Congress
should be extended to include appropriate rep
resentation of the respective parties at the bal
lot box and equality of representation the
various registration boards wherever they exist.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
FRENCH SPOLIATION CLAIMS.

During the last session of the Congress legis-
laton was introduced looking to the payment
of the remaining claims generally referred to
as the French spoliation claims. The Congress
has provided for the payment of many similar
claims. Those that remain unpaid have been
long pending. The benefciaries Hereunder have
every reason to expect payment These claims
have been examined by the Court of Claims
and their validity and amount determined. The
United States ought to pay It's debts. 1 recon-
mend action by the Congress which will permit
of the payment of these remaining claims.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
High Lights i'm Presidents Message

W7E have debt We high of
w diminih have a
o
public
1t a o
in o he county dacuan more
SC
fix prices
that markets snot
is o Of
lno the o
he the ito
o the chant maine 5 t unferm eEmergen
major
Lucrative actor.
We n arm
o little act naio undet
|
a a bu friends,
which
o
awsto
and help equally determined independent
ii Of of
World
OF Of
which home and no abroad
Evening star., 1924-12-03
MUSCLE SHOALS.

The production of nitgrogen for plant food
in peace and explosives in is more and
more important. 1t is one of the chief sustain
ing elements of life 1t Is estimated that soil
exhaustion each year Is represented by about
100000 tons and replenishment by 545ooOO
tons The deficit of 3,55Ooo0 tons is reported
to represent the impairment of 11s0OO 900
acres of farm lands each year.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
WANTS LABOR BOARD CHANGES.

Another matter before the Congress is legis-
1ation affecting the labor sections of the trans
portation act. Much criticism has been directed
at the workings Of this section, and experience
has shown that some useful amendment could
be made to these provisions
1t would be helpful If plan could be adopted
which, while retaining the practice of systematic
collective bargaining with concliation and vol
Evening star., 1924-12-03
NATIONAL POLICE BUREAU.

Representatives of the International Police
Conference will bring to the attention Of the
Congress a proposal for the establishment Of
a national police bureau Such action would
provide central point for gathering, compil-
Evening star., 1924-12-03
Text of President Coolidge's Annual Message to the

thorities much information which would be
helpful in the prevention and detection of crime.
1 believe this bureau is needed. and / recon-
mend favorable consideration of this proposal
Evening star., 1924-12-03
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WELFARE.

The welfare work of the District of Columbia
is administered by several different boards deal
ing with charities and various correctional ef
forts. 1t would be Improvement if this
work were consolidated and placed under the
direction of a single commission.
Evening star., 1924-12-03

WE have high
w to
ton andwe arere educinz il.
Evening star., 1924-12-03

opinion the o of the
public accomplished
everybody.
Evening star., 1924-12-03
Farm Relief, Tax
Cut, ON Program
Proposals for Domestic
Legislation Cover
Wide Range.

THE present state of the Union, upon
which it is customary for the Presi-
\ dent to report to the Congress under
the provisions of the Constitution, is
Evening star., 1924-12-03

CONTINUED on Fifth Page.)
Evening star., 1924-12-03

convinced that the large incomes of the would actu
the the basis of taxation scientifically
Evening star., 1924-12-03
The successfully insure prosperity

Every knows that the great need of the farmer markets
uerng the side of production Almost the entire difficulty
Evening star., 1924-12-03

Ultimately like individuals depend
themselves Each salvation. While
and help, equally determined be independent
Evening star., 1924-12-03

believe would be for the advantage this country helpful
other for adhere protocol establishing World
Evening star., 1924-12-03

Amending the Railroad Labor Board provisions will
situation unless the principle that the public has right
OF transportation
Evening star., 1924-03-02

N one of the home economics
laboratories Of the United States
Department of Agriculture
Evening star., 1924-03-02

Alsace was the compensation
awarded to France by the great
peace, in the sincere gratitude Of the
north Germans. Yet, thirty-five years
later. they irrupted into Alsace again.
to win back their lost brothers.
Turenne smashed them at Turkheim
and all Alsace venerates his name.
"Only thirty-five years French
again and already in love" exclaims
the Able Wetterle. How different
from the forty-three years after 1871!
Berlin professors roll their eyes when
speaking OF the 'rapt of Alsace by the
fourteen French Louis; but the best
witness Is the Freiherr Won Schmit-
tau, Prussian ambassador to the court
Of Louis XIV. He was a pangerman-
ist and begged his master to recon
Quer' Alsace; but not Alsace alone
he ought to take north France, Bra
bant and Flanders along with 1t.
Because wrote Won Schmittau,
it is notorious that the Alsatians
are more French than the French
themselves. so that in conquering AL
SAGE alone you will take a dead land
covering a volcano Of French love"" "
HE was talkative. Won Schmittau.'
speaks up a distinguished old AIsa-
tian. dryly.
And everybody laughs happily in
the Strasbourg restaurant.
Evening star., 1924-03-02

municate at will with the observers
outside Of the diminutive chamber.
When the experimentation involves
the performance Of muscular work,
special. apparatus is used to measure
the physical labor performed.
The walls, ceiling and floor Of the
respiration calorimeter are made OF
copper sheets soldered tightly to-
gether. The interior shell OF the
chamber is mounted in framework
of structural iron in such way as to
form an alright, hermetically sealed
rosm. The outside Of the cabinet Is
|sheathed with zinc. The only entrance
to the chamber is by means of q
small window. which can be sealed
into position after the test subject
has climbed into the research cell
The test periods last from two to
three hours. Every possible precau-
tion is exercised to prevent any ex-
ternal influences from affecting the
results during the tests.
The air of the empty cell contains
|oxygen. nitrogen. water vapor and
carbon dioxide in tho same proper
tions a. in tho ordinary atmosphere
Evening star., 1924-03-02

and more vivacious, is perhaps the
nearest approach. 1t Is homophonic.
like that of Greece (Which probably
obtained it's music from Persia
through colonization in Asia Minor).
Usually it is played in minor key.
Remember" continued the minis
ter. each word enunciated perfectly,
there is a difference between the
Persian and the European scale, the in
tervals not being the same. Out of
the old keys. notably the Phrygian.
came the major and minor. while the
gypsy scale is not infrequently used.
Each important piece of music
consists of four parts: % the prelude,
called in Persian Pish -daramad; !;
CD the chief melody or motif, called
the 'awaz. which Is played slowly
and sung solo; t3) the easy. graceful
airs adapted to and harmonizing with
the key movement, called 'tasnif,
which are sung in unison by a chorus;
60 the 'reng' or dance, which is
very lively and played rapidly. with a
strongly accentuated rhythm"
The Persians. with their highly
cultivated artistic sense, show deep
appreciation of the plaintive chords of
their native stringed instruments.
which are capable of fine expression
and are touched with much feeling by
their performers. The native instru-
ments which are still in use are those
Evening star., 1924-03-02

being busy fighting Norman pirates,
his brother of Germany. made u
brusque attack on Alsace, breaking
his oath. 1t was not a scrap of paper
in those days, but an act of horror.
So. the place was called the Luegen-
feld-the Field OF Perjury. Geo
graphically. Alsace became kind Of
German land; but the Rhine separat-
ed it's people from the Germans-the
only bridge was at Strasbourg"
THE bishops of Strasbourg became
an independent power. Alsace
became a duchy. Alsace was a count
ship. Alsace entered the League Of
Constance. Alsace went to the house
Of Burgundy. Alsace declared alter
nately for Pope or emperor. Alsace
was practically. Independent for CEN
turies-but always threatened. keep
ing watch on the Rhine"
How did Alsace become again
French?
The wars of the reformation ended
In a great peace. All Europe had
been fighting and France had helped
the north Germans. On that same
Luegenfeld, between Thanh and Cor
nay. the French army of Richelieu.
commanded by Bernard of Sake
Weimar, crushed the Austrians-and
saved north Germany.