davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
CHANGE NAME TO ARKANSAW
Official for State Formerly Called
Arkansas.

The Arkansaws were a tribe Of IN
dams who roamed the region which
now bears their name. When the
French missionaries of the time of
Marquette came along, they attempted
to reproduce phonetically in French
the Indian sounds. So they selected
Arkansas" as the best concoction,
for the French ending "as" is pro-
nounced as a nasal "agh." AS for
Kansas, Cortez pronounced 1t Kan
saw. In military report sent at the
time, the name was spelled Konsa,
for that was the nearest the English
could come to reproducing, phoneti-
eally, the French sounds.
In the early days of Arkansas the
pronunciation of the name Of the state
was variable thing. From 1914 to
1S4S Arkansas was represented In the
senate by Chester Ashley, who was
New Englander, and Ambrose Simms,
who hailed from Tennessee. Mr.. Ash
ley didn't depart from Arkansas" and
Mr.. Simms stuck TO "Arkansaw." The
vice president at the time was George
NJ. Dallas Of Pennsylvania, who, 1t
must be admitted, showed much tact;
for when he spoke of the state to Ash
ley he said Arkansas" and when he
mentioned it to Simms he said '.Arkan-
saw" Finally committee was ap-
pointed to settle the matter definitely
and Arkansaw won.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
CONTINUE To CLAIM TRACT
Anneke JAMS Heirs Still Confident
They Are Entitled to Trinity
Church Property.

Though the New York State Court
of Appeals outlawed the Anneke JAMS
heirs claim to the Trinity church
tract in New York city as long ago as
1856, and again in 1881, the claim still
persists in the minds of some of Mrs.
JAMS thousands of descendants.
The various litigations attacking the
Trinity church title were all based on
technical irregularities in grants Of
conveyances, such as the absence OF
a seal or signature, or on allegations
that the grantors themselves had no
title The defense has been adverse
possession and the statute Of limita-
ton.
The streets laid out by Trinity
Church corporation in the Jams tract
were named after leading men in the
church-Vesey, after Rev. William
Vesey, the rector; Barclay, after Rev.
sIr. Barclay, who succeeded Vesey as
rector; Murray, after a distinguished
lawyer and officer of the church; War
ren, after Sir Peter Warren, command
er of the British naval forces at the
station, who married Miss Delaney
of New York city; Chambers, after
John Chambers, a lawyer, born in New
York city, and leader in civil ana
church. affairs.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
LOAD FOR D0BBIN TO PULL
Own Weight, Judgment OF
Humane Association.

A man appeared before the magis.
trate at the Tower Bridge Police court
charged with cruelty 10 4 horse by
making 1t draw too heavy a load, and
discussion arose an TO what was the
proper load for horee.
The Royal Society for the Proven
ton Of Cruelty to Animals have en-
deavored to establish q rule that a
horse should not be required to draw
more than three times Its own weight,
but to the person who knows anything
of draft horses such load seems ex-
cessive. 1t means that & horse weigh
ing 1000 pounds can be made 10 rull
nearly a ton and q half
While this would not be at all Gn
excessive load on a well-paved, level
road. 1t would be fearful task for
any horse to be asked to pull such q
weight ON a rough, billy country road,
says London Tit-Blts.
The best authorities give Il as their
opinion that a common farm horse 10
only equal to a load OF 1900 weight,
while q powerful dray or cart horse
can pull a ton.
For It's weight, the horse il an ex-
cellent puller, and can beat almost any
other animal except mule. The ele-
plant, for instance, finds a load Of
21s tons about all that 1t can manage,
although that may not be more than
a half Of its body weight. On the
other hand, 1t is a very exceptional
horse that can travel more than 65
miles without rest and feed, but
the elephant. and also the camel, can
exceed that distance considerably
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
URUGUAYAN "GAUcHo" GONE
Natural Evolution Has Resulted In
Disappearance of Most Pic
turesqus Character.

While the Uruguayan "gaucho" was
a full-blooded Indian, in the Argentine
the name was extended to designate
the halfbreeds and creoles who led the
romantic cowboy life Of the great
plains. Here the 'gaucho" became in
distinguishable from the ''paisano" or
"countryman'' of the American South
west, or the "ranehero" type of the
Mexican agricultural states. Naturally
he then became the enemy of the In
dians, a man of peace withal though q
somewhat turbulent peace, forerunner
of the great modern agriculturist.
In this evolutionary stage, in the
middle Of the last century, the Argen'
tine ':gaucho," with his characteristic
poncho, long boots, tight pants, long
hair tied back about the head, his kerr
chief at his neck, and his high, narrow
brimmed hat, lent a barbaric note Of
color to the formation of the rural ele-
ments of the embryonic nation. Sub
jecting himself TO wage service on the
great estates, he came to be civilized,
and being so, he arrived GRADUALLY at
the extinction which civilization effects
for all outstanding individualistic
types.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
PENNY AS TOKEN OR PLEDGE


In its original form the penny was
not a coin, but token or pledge. Its
derivation comes from the same source
as that from which we get the word
pawn" and also such words as
panel" pane" ''counterpans." anc
'panicle."
The readiest pledge to leave IN pawn
was cloth, hence the Latin PARMA" a
piece of cloth. The original panel was
piece Of cloth, or patch, and from
this we get the word pane - APP
piled to pane Of glass, and also the
word penny" its literal meaning lie
Ing a pledge or token, and hence a
coin. Originally the word was spell
speny."
The word shilling really meaAs 4 d.
vision of money into small parts. and
Is obtained from a word meaning ito
divide" Thus. In the nrst place, 1t
was not a coin. but an indicatioa Of
money having been made up II nnall
form. s
Sterling. as applied to money, y de-
rived from the Hanseatic lsague.
which had an important house n Eng.
land. As their land lay ITO the east of
England" Englishmen called them
aEasterlings," and the gold they paid
In the course of trade became known
as Clustering money" subsequently,
the expression became sterling.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
.PARKA MAN HAD ONE REGRET
HIohwayman Did Not Recognise hls
Own Pastor-BIshep We
Not Robbed.

Bishop Rowe recently went - fVc-
ord with the following .favVfite
story: "a fellow known a. the blue
parka man had been stationinS him
self between Fairbanks and the mine
some twenty miles away, and robbing
people at the muzzle of q Winchester.
A parka is sort of shirt that hts
tight at the wrists, with q hood at
tachment. The front part Of the hsod
closes with pickering string. lsaving
only place for the wearsr to hook
out of. The blue parka man did well
at his enterprise for some months and
terrorized those who had to travel be-
tween Fairbanks and the mines.
was one of euartette that had 10
make a trip one afternoon. People
told us about the blue parka man
but it was necessary to take the
chance. The blue parka man did gel
US, making US lay all our money on
the ground at the muzzle Of his rife
DO you rob ministers, toor asked
him. Depends on who they are re
piled the blue parka man I'm Bish
op Rowe of the Episcopal church.
'Wh-a-tr the blue parka man ex.
claimed. I'm ashamed Of myself FOR
not recognizing you, bishop, and ri
not rob you. He'll I'm q member u
your church,"
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
PAYS TO CANDLE EVERY EGG
Testing May Be Done With Much Ae-
euraey by Passing Electric Light
Under Tray.

Poultrymen have learned 1t pays to
candle every egg that goes into the In
cubator. If only few eggs are to be
incubated, each one can be candled
separately, but the breeder of many
chicks does not always have time for
this. Instead of Gambling them in the
rush to get all the incubators going
he often piles in the eggs and takes a
chance on their being fertile. Every
infertile egg takes up space that could
be used In incubating a good egg.
Gambling may be done with a fair de
gree of accuracy by passing an electric
light bulb under the tray after the
eggs have been put in the incubator.
Infertile or stale eggs may be detect
ed In this way. This is not to be rec
commended If time will permit thorough
Gambling, but it is better than using
uncandled eggs.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
kind of Rome.

The title king of Rome was be-
slowed at the time of his birth upon
Napoleon Francois Charles Joseph,
son of Napoleon l and Marie Louise
After the fall of Napoleon In 1914,
the king of Rome was taken In charge
by his grandfather, the emperor of
Austria, and carefully educated as an
Austrian prince. His title was
changed to that of the duke of Reich
stadt in 1878 He died at Schoen-
brunn, near Vienna, July 90, 1882. in
his tweny-second year. 1t is thought
that this title was given in imitation
of Charlemagne. If so, it was n
blunder; Chsrlemagne was never
liking of Rome" but he was "patri-
clan of Rome" In the German en-
pire the heir-apparent was king of
the Romans" not king of Romeq
This latter title was expressly con-
ferred on the German kings, and
sometimes on their heirs, by a corona
alton at Milan. The German title
equivalent to "dauphin," or prince
of Wales" was king of the Romans"
Headers Handbook (Brewer).
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
HIS TESTIMONIAL TO HOTEL
August Holiday Seeker Writes in Guest
Book How His Stay I'M
h pressed Him.

In previous years Smith had always
taken his holidays in May, but this year
he decided to make a change and GO
away in August. AS you can guess,
even If you are not habitual August
holiday maker, the charges at the hotel
were very high in comparison with
what he was in the habit of paying in
May, and the bill gave him rather q
shock.
II hope you have enjoyed your holi-
day here, SIR" said the landlord on the
day on which he was due to return
home. 81 hope you will write some
thing in our visitors book"
what shall / write" inquired
Smith, rather at loss.
"Oh, anything" said the landlord
| "Your impression of your short stay
here. for instance"
After a few minutes thought Smith
took up the pen and write:
81 came here for change and rest
The waiter took the change and the
landlord got the rest. Chicago News
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
Lauahter Benefits Children.

Laughter is beneficial and Ameri-
can children are better at it, than
English youngsters, DR.. C. W. Kim
Minis, Gilchrist lecturer at the Uni
versity of London. said at a luncheon
in New York. Doctor Kimmins re-
marked that children in this country
have the advantage of the Mark
Twain and Bret Harte traditions and
are more faithful readers of Dickens
than English children. He said that
his studies OF London children show
that they begin to laugh at the age
of seven, when they begin to sense
superiority over some Of their COM
panions, and improve until eleven,
but that from eleven to thirteen
there is no development of the sense
of humor.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
INDIAN VALUED THE BUFFALO
That Animal Supplied the Red Man
With Almost Everything That
He lseeded.

Gen. Richard Irving Dodge, United
States army, in his work on the big
game of America, says: sIt is almost
impossible for a civilized being ia
realize the value to the plains Indian
of the buffalo. 1t furnished him with
equipment-almost everything" re-
ports the Detroit News.
Every plains Indian firmly be-
lieved that the buffalo were produced
In countless numbers in a country un.
der ground; that every spring the
surplus swarmed, like bees from a
hive, out of the immense cavelike
opening in the region of the great
Liano Estaeado, or Staked Plain OF
| Texas.
SIN 1879 Stone Chief, celebrated
chief, assured me that he knew ex
actly where the caves were, though
he had never seen them; that the
| Good God had provided this means
| for the constant supply Of food fol
the Indian; however recklessly the
white man might Slaughter, the!
could never extermipate them. Wher
1 last saw him the old man was be
| ginning to waiver in this belief, ant
| feared that the Bad God had shu
the entrances and that his tribe mus
| starve."
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
EXPLAIN Why DOGS HOWL
Scientists Declare Canine Occasionally
Reverts to sayaeery OF His An
cestor, the Wolf.


What makes your dog lift up his
nose and howl? It's the wolf in him.
say scientists.
For every dog. no matter what his
breed, has q strain of wolf in him, a
wolf shaving been the far-off father
Of all dogs And just as. reasonable
human being will sometimes give way
to primitive instinct under the influ-
ence Of some violent emotion, so the
best-trained dog will occasionally re-
vert to the savagery Of his ancestor,
the wolf.
Exactly as a man will often raise
his head In unconscious imitation Of
his caveman forebear, so your pet dog
win at times show the Instincts Of his
parent wolf. Watch your dog turn
around and around before lying down
before fire, just as the wolf makes
himself a lair; listen to him howl as
the wolf bowls.
The pointer is only an exaggerated
instance of mans improvement on the
original dog or wolf Every dog pauses
before his spring; man selected to
breed from the dog which paused the
longest, and so In time arrived at q
dog which pointed and didn't spring
at all. The greyhound is another in.
stance; for his particular job he need
ed little scent and little brains, but
perfect eyesight and speed. By select
ing only those dogs which possessed
these qualities the present type was
reached But every dog, wherever he
lives or whatever use man is making
Of him, comes from the common
source, the wolf.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
The Real Test.

The MISUNDERSTANDING tramp was
sitting with his back to the hedge eat
ing some food out of piece Of news
paper.
Presently a woman, out for stroll
with her pet dog, came along. The
little animal soon scented the food,
and Immediately ran up to the tramp
and tried to take something out Of the
paper. The tramp's grimy face fmme-
diately became suffused with smile,
which the lady put down in her own
mind as rather nice in that sort Of a
person"
"Shall / throw the little dog bit?'
asked the tramp, as her pet still shifted
at the food.
The woman was much gratified with
this appearance Of kindly interest and
gave her assent. The tramp seized the
dog by the scruff Of Its neck and
tossed 1t over the hedge, remarking:
"And II he comes back, ma'am, l
might throw him bit more!"
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
TOLL LONG ON BRIDAL GOWN
Mothers Of Girls on Island In Dutch
West Indies WORK Six Years
on Dresa

On the Island of Madura, In the
Dutch West Indies. the girls marry
when they are very young. Twelve
years Is the average when a girl takes
on the responsibility of making a
home. In fact, If she were unmarried
at fourteen she would be considered an
~old maid"
The bridal gown is very compli-
Gated, gorgeous and valuable gar
ment, hand-woven silk being the base
of the wedding dress. This is only
the start.
After this beautiful material has
been woven there comes the tedious,
fine work Of embroidery. Thousands
Of tiny stitches are taken and the
most beautiful colors are worked into
the silk
Even when the gown is at this
stage Of construction it is quite a
gorgeous and imposing affair. But the
final decoration has not been started
yet.
Now comes the gold which Is add
ed Into the skirt, around the waist
and over the shoulders are appliqued
very beautifully, fingree designs of
hand beaten gold.
In Madura 1t takes many mother
all the spare hours Of six years to
make one of these gorgeous wedding
dresses.-Pearson's Weekly.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
Heroes Reduced to Want

The highest British decoration for
valor IN battle, the Victoria cross, does
not necessarily pave the way to good
Job in peace time. Several winners
of the decoration have been found m
the ranks of the unemployed, and
more than one has tried to pawn his
decoration because of the lack Of
money, but II is illegal for a pawn
broker to accept one as pledge for
loan. One Victoria cross captain, who
won his at the storming of Thiepval
September, 1915, when he was twenty
two years old, has hit upon the idea
of touring the villages with a travel
ing moving-picture show. Two others
are acting as advertising agents, while
another has gone back to his old JOB
as a surfaceman In a mining village
In the midlands. Captain Towse, the
famous blind " c., is working At 81
Dunstan's, the London home for blind
soldiers started by the late Sir A..
thur Pearson.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
Mrs. nenedIct Arnold a Belle.

mrs. 6eneoiCt Arhoio Belle.
The wife Of Benedict Arnold, the
traitor, who sought refuge in England,
was reigning Philadelphia belle. and
the toast Of the British officers while
their army was In that city. ''The ex-
travagance Of Arnold produced the
want Of money and probably the pred
Elections Of the wife. for what was
splendid In the British army Influenced
them both to forget home and country
Tor a great but Elusive hope.
An account In the London Spectator
in 1888 said that the two sons of Ar
nold-James R. and William F.-then
middle-aged men, were living In Eng
land; and that each Of them received a
pension Of Ell year from the British
government-Detroit News.
4 problem Tor Burbank.
Father was sitting smoking in his
chair when up came little George. his
son and heir. "Father," he began as
he held up q pit. IF were to plant
this pit would IT grow to be large
tree in timer
Certainly. my boy" answered IA
ther. sAnd II you waited long enough
oranges would grow''
Are you sure?" asked the excited
boy.
"of course. my boy"
'sOh, but-well-"
ssWell, what about lit"
sOh. nothing, dad; only ! thought II
was rather funny for an orange tree to
come from lemon pit"
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
GEESE AND CHICKENS MIXED
Fowls Do Not Breed Very Well To-
qethsr-supply Of Clean Water
IL Important.

Geese ardz chickens do not breed
si,E eessfully together. AS 10 well
n. geese like to dig around in the
art and then wash their faces in
ely pail of water that Is placed In
TIE Yard for the poultry. The geese
will soon empty the pals by dipping
their heads deeply In the water and
81 5F,ng 1t over their backs until the
aa..s conts n only few inches of dirty
gater. A steady supply Of clean water
IL jnincrtant for growing chickens 30
the geese become a nuisance In the en-
closure.
Geese will often drive the poultry
away from the dry mash hoppers. As
the profit In geese depends on raising
them on q cheap ration largely com
posed of grass It does not pay to feed
theza much mash during the summer.
The best place for geese IL field
near c pond. This gives the birds
pl aty Of water. They do not need a
boiy II water but 1t saves the work
ef carrying q lot Of drinking water II
the geese have their own supply for
washing In.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
|e)()Q11IM
K-RR
CHICK LOSS IS UNNECESSARY
Timely and Important Polnts in Poul.
try Raising Given by Missouri
College Expert.

Though only half the chicks Matched
In Missouri are raised to maturity,
most of the losses are preyentable.
according to NJ. A. Seaton of the Mis-
souri, College of Agriculture.
At the present time under ordinary
farm conditions the colony system Of
brooding chicks is preferable. The
temperature should be about 100 de-
grees Fahrenheit when the chicks are
placed In the brooder, and then grad
ually decreased to suit the need Of
the chicks. If ample room is supplied
the chicks will regulate their heat by
either crowding closer to the stove or
by moving away.
An abundant supply Of clean, fresh
water should be kept before the chicks
at all times in some form of suitable
drinking fountains. Do not put the
water in an open vessel, such as q
saucer, or the chicks will get into 1t
and become chilled.
Feeding is very important factor
In chick raising. Do not feed the
chick until it is fifty hours old or old
er, as the yolk is taken into the chick
body just before 1t is Matched and so
ample food is present for some time.
The first feed should be composed OF
a few grains of clean sand or fine
chick grit. fed in fiat pan or spread
on a cardboard. This should be fol.
lowed with feed of rolled oats and
bread crumbs, and for the first few
days of the chicks life they should be
given three or four feeds of rolled
oats and one feed of hard-bolled eggs,
The rolled oats should gradually be
replaced with some form of grain mix.
ture, either cornmeal, chick food Oh
any form of fine grain mixture. A
dry mash composed of equal weights
Of bran, cornmeal and shorts should
be added to the ration at the end OF
the first week. This mash should be
fed sparingly at first and then grad
ually increased. Feed little and often
and feed all the feed in dry form.
! Milk is an excellent feed for chicks
F! and they should be fed abundant sup
/ ply Of 1t at all times. 1t prevents
many intestinal diseases, supplies vi
! t:tmines and also Is good source o,
F., protein. which Is necessary In chicl
| ratiUns.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
CARRIES STOOL TO WORSHIP
Woman at jersey Resort Village Acss
as Her Own Usher on Sunday
Provides own Seat.

Summer resorters get accustomed -
doing without the many little convent
ences of home life. They philosoph-
ically accept conditions as being nee
essary to camping out" So oil stoves
take the place Of gas ranges and they
carry water for the household from
the public hydrant down the bungalow
lined street, says the New York Sun
On " eek-ends most Of the bungaloF
colonies house added guests and ths
kitchen and porch serve as overflow
bedrooms. Few of the churches Ia
the summer towns are able to seat all
the wcrshipers on Sunday. But that
ioesn't hinder the attendance. At q
Jersey resort village the other Sun
day one woman was carrying camp
stool to church. Her neighbcu
thought no more Of It than had thAS
seen her carrying hundl< g -
apriss from the corner store
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
APPEAL FOR FAIR TREATMENT
How Portugal Makes Her Citizens
Thoughtful Of the Value Of
Her Forests.

Travellers In Portugal report that 10
many places where timber trees are te
be found-in woods. parks and gar.
dens--one sees the following inscrip
lion. headed ITO the Wayfarer."
"Ye who pass by and would raise
Tour hand against me, harken ere you
harm me.
Il am the heat Of your hearth on the
.old winter nights. the friendly shade
screening you from the summer sun.
and my fruits are refreshing draughts
luenching your thirst AZ you journey
IN.
II am the beam that holds your
house, the board Of your table. the
bed on which you lie, and the timber
that builds your boat.
II am the handle Of your hoe, the
door Of your homestead, the wood Of
vour cradle. and the shell u your
coffin.
II am the bread Of kindness ana the
nower Of beauty.
sYe who pass b., listen - my
DeaSer; harD ne nsk-
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1924-02-01
rumoer Far Ahead.

what Of. their timber assets In the
aational fesests7 They contain 563 bill
lion feet Of standing timber. OF
twenty-five per cent of the remaining
timber in the United States, says the
American Forestry Magazine. All told
the national forests embrace seven.
'een per cent Of all forest growing
land in the United States. In add.
ton to the many millions Of acres COZ
.aining forests of merchantable size
here are twenty million acres bearins
Young growing forests which are being
protected against FIRE and other forms
IF devastation so that they will pro
ilce timber crops In the years ahead
The American Forestry associations
calls on the owners, the citizens, tr
protest against taking the control Of
these forests from the United States
forest service.