davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Culling Poultry
Big Money Saver
Fowls Should Have Plenty
of Mash and Green Feed
and Be Vermin Free.

Although the poultryman should 90
some culling every month in the year,
If he can make but one culling, the
time to make it is the first of Sep
tember, say the Cornell poultrymen
who give some practical culltng rules.
They declare that culling out the poor
producers from the flock is the easiest
and the quickest way to save money.
During the culling season, the hens
must have plenty of mash and green
food and be free from mites; other
wise good layers may show all the
signs of non-layers. 1t is also well to
keep in mind that changes of feed,
buildings, weather, and the like may
bring about the appearance of nom
laying conditions. Broody hens also
have this appearance.
Signs of Good Producers.
Hens that have laid long and heavily
have a different appearance from
those that have not. These differ
ences are in physical appearance and
actions. The heavy producing bird is
a worker, a good feeder, intelligent,
elusive but not flighty, keen of eye, a
good ranger, late to bed, early to rise.
The low producer is indolent, Eighty
and an Indifferent eater, with little
activity
In all yellow skinned breeds like the
Leghorns, Rocks, Reds, Wyandottes,
Brahmas, and the like, 1t is possible
to tell by the color of certain sec
tions of the body whether the hens are
laying or not A heavy layer is flesh
color, or white, in the beak, eye ring,
ear lobe, vent and shanks, while non
layer is distinctly yellow. A sick hen
shows white in all sections and must
not be confused with layer. Also
some breeds have a white skin natur-
ally, and in these breeds there are no
color changes.
There are changes III form as well.
A laying men has a large abdomen
and the rear end of the keel is much
deeper than the front. She also has
well spread pelvic bones, full moist
vent, soft flabby skin, broad fiat back,
while in non-layer the abdomen is
small, the vent dry and puckered, the
skin thick and dry, and the back
short, narrow and arched.
Hens Mott in July.
A melting hen usually stops laying,
but in some of the heavier breeds
they will mott to some extent and
still lay. Leghorns usually stop lay
ing when they begin to mott. Molt-
Ing during the summer is one of the
best ways to distinguish the non-layer
from the layers. A good layer, well
managed, will not begin to molt until
october ! or later. Hens that have
been well cared for and are in full
mott by the middle of July are not
worth keeping.
The eyeballs of the laying hen can
easily be seen when viewed from the
rear, the comb is bright red and full,
the beak short and curved, the face
full and of fine texture. Non-layers
have dull, embedded eyes, long straight
beaks, hard shriveled combs and fat
faces.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Turnips and Rutabagas
Are Valuable for Feed

Both turnips and rutabagas can be
grown for summer, autumn and winter
crops, and are valuable throughout the
season as food for all kinds Of live
stock. The housewife is learning to
appreciate both the turnip and ruta-
baga more each year.
While we need more or less sweets
IN our daily supply of food, we are be-
ing cautioned against the use of sugar,
and it is natural to be looking about
for other sources of sweets.
The rutabaga Is sweet turnip.
Those fine yellow and white varieties
used as food contain certain percent
age of sugar, and their use as food
will supply a need of the body and as
sist greatly in the reduction of the cost
of living
1t will pay to- grow both turnips and
rutabagas. They will do well on most
any soil, but prefer rich, sandy loam.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Einkorn, Spelt
and Enner Crops
Of Interest to Field Workers
Who Seek Information
as to Adaptation.

prepared by the United Stats Department
of Agriculture.)
Conclusions drawn from experiments
with emmer, spelt, and einkorn, three
distinct kinds Of crops related to
wheat, are presented in q new bulletin
just issued by the United States De
partment of Agriculture. Department
Bulletin 1897 should be of interest to
farmers and more especially to field
crop workers who want information as
to the adaptation Of these crops to the
conditions in various sections of the
United States. The bulletin seeks
also to prevent, so far as possible, the
exploitation of these rather minor
crops in sections where they are not
adapted.
Emmer Not Hardy.
Winter emmer, say the investigators,
Is not hardy enough to be grown on
the great plains north Of Kansas, and
even in Kansas 1t may be winterkilled.
It is less productive than winter wheat.
Because Of its low yields 1t should not
be grown in any part of the United
States or Canada.
Spring emmer should not be grown
except possibly to some extent in North
Dakota, eastern South Dakota, and
southern Minnesota for the purpose Of
increasing crop Investigation. In all
sections Of these states 1t Is outyield-
ed, on the average, by the leading We
rieties of barley or oats, or both, al
though in some years at some expert
ment stations 1t will outyield these
crops. Even under conditions where
rust and drought are common, emmer
does not compare favorably with bar
ley and oats.
SpeIt Is Productive.
Winter spelt is more productive than
barley and oats in a limited portion
of Maryland and Virginia where ex-
periments have been conducted, and
apparently also in Utah. The limits of
its adaptation have not been deter
mined, but 1t is probable that it will
be found to give best results in COM
parison with other small-grain feed
crops In the area between the spring
and winter oats and barley areas. 1t
does not produce as high net yields of
threshed kernels as does winter wheat,
even in those districts where it ap-
pears promising.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Weeds Harm Soy Beans

One thing the successful soy bean
grower learns is that they must be
given the right care at the right time.
Nothing is SO disastrous to them as
a crop of weeds growing with them.
It Is more profitable to grow five acres
right than twenty acres full of weeds.
Weeds reduce the yield and quality
of the beans severely, make cutting
very difficult and at thEeshing time
there is a mass Of stuff to handle.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Favor Nitrate Of Soda
to Fertilize Corn Crop

The yield of corn is determined very
largely by the amount of ammonia
used In the fertilizer, according to
Prof. G. P. Blackwell, agronomist at
Clemson college, who thinks that
nitrate of soda pays much better on
corn than other forms of fertilizers,
and that $50 to 200 pounds Of soda
per acre is not too much to apply to
the average land
Side dressing of soda should be ap-
piled to corn when the plants are three
to four feet high. Much of the nitro
gen is wasted when farmers wait until
the corn begins to silk and tassel be-
fore applying soda. Much better re-
CULTS are secured when the soda is
applied at the proper time. The rate
of application of soda will have much
to do with the crop secured
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Why Does Sour Skimmilk
Encourage Hens to Lay?

A wear ago the Idaho College of Ag-
riculture, through the department OF
poultry husbandry, started an expert
ment to determine the cause OF the
high production secured from laying
hens that were given an abundance
of sour skim milk. A study OF the
analysis of sour skim milk showed II
to contain 90.77 per cent water, O.lO
per cent fat, 1893 per cent milk sugar
(lactose), O.5 per cent Tactic acid,
SO per cent protein and O.79 per cent
milk ash or salts. 1t was assumed
that water alone was not the stimu-
lating factor. The fat content seemed
too low, and the distribution Of car
bohydrates did not point to milk SUI
gar as a possible source OF the prob
lem. A comparison was made Of ra-
tons containing Tactic acid, milk salts,
protein-free sour skim milk and sour
skim milk. The results showed con-
clusively that Tactic acid In the same
solution as in sour skim milk is value
less for egg production. Besides both
milk salts and ash entirely failed to
stimulate increased egg production.
The results all seem to indicate that 1t
is the valuable part of sour skim milk.
For two years, the protein-free sour
skim milk has not given as satisfactory
production as the sour skim milk. A
further study is being made into this
interesting problem. Pens are now
being compared in which rations con-
tanning milk curd, milk case protein
free sour skim milk and sour skim
milk are given.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
WISCONSIN AT HEAD
OF SILO PROCESSION
Had One of First Silos and
Has Led in Numbers
Ever Since.

Wisconsin farmers were among the
f,rst in this country to have silo.
The first use Of the silo, however,
goes back to the ancieRts, according
to N. S. Fish, of the Wisconsin College
of Agriculture, who has been conduct
Ing "King Tut" expedition into silo
and silage history.
The word silo, Fish has found,
comes from a Greek word meaning a
pit or hole sunk in the ground In
which to keep corn. Both name and
practice came down through Rome.
Spain and France to our modern
times.
Honors for building the first silo In
the United States have long been in
dispute. Late writer's credit DR.. Man.
lev Miles Of Lansing, Mich, who built
two silos in 1876, and Francis Morris
Of Oakland Manor, Maryland, who
built his silos in 1876, as having been
the first to prepare ensilage in this
country. Fred L. Hatch, of McHenry
county, H., is another candidate. It
Is claimed that he built the first silo
en North America in 1873.
Builds First silo Here.
Levi P. Gilbert, of TT. Atkinson,
Fish states, built the first silo in Wis
consin in 1877. 1t was trench 6
feet wide, feet deep and 80 feet
long. Gilbert describes his early ex-
periences with ensilage in a letter
which was published in report by
the University of Wisconsin:
'1This silo I filled in August, 1877,
with alternate layers Of rye straw and
green corn fodder, taking care to put
the straw about the sides, as this silo
was not cemented, the ground being
hard and solid. This silo was filed
and the fodder piled six feet above
the ground, SO that when it was COW
cred with three feet Of earth it set
tied to about the level of the ground.
First SiIage Kept Well.
"In February, 1878, it was opened
and the ensilage was found to be in
a fine state of preservation, the predic-
lions of my neighbors and friends to
the contrary Notwithstanding. That
is. the corn was good, the straw being
of but little value. It was all put in
uncut. (Have stored all my ensilage,
from first to last, uncut as it saves
about one-half the expense).
at had a strong smell, to some per-
sons offensive, but the cows, who
ought to be the best judge of their
food. ate it well. The effect was to
keep the bowels loose and the cows
II healthy condition, and somewhat
increasing the production of milk and
butter. IT opens the pores so much
that the cattle do not appear to stand
the cold so well as when fed on dry
fodder"
The first above-ground silo in the
state Fish credits to DIR. L. w. Weeks
of Oconomowoc, who built one In the
summer of 1880. Up to that time, Fish
saws. his farm had lost money. After
he had commenced feeding ensilage
he was able to increase his herd and
make the farm pay. His silo was
built of stone and cement to a depth
of - feet and had wooden super
structure double boarded on the in
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
FARM MITES

Spray tomatoes and melons with Dor
deaux mixture to prevent disease.
Make sure to plant enough hay
crops to supply hay for next year.
AS small grain natures, look out
for chinch bugs and use barriers If
needed to prevent migration.
Persons desiring to start into the
growing of alfalfa for seed should Sc
cure the most hardy strains of seed.
Excellent results are being secured
with alfalfa seeded on rye and wheat
provided the ground is fairly fertile
and not in need of lime.
Cowpea hay contains 90 per cent
more digestible protein than soy bean
hay, but soy bean hay contains a
larger total amount of nutrients.
Looking over the tile drain outlets
in drainage districts and clearing out
those that need it is good spring or
early summer job that may save money
later.
Good barnyard manure makes the
very best onion fertilizer. but 1t is
best applied to the crop before the
onions are planted so 1t will be in best
form for them.
Sometimes alfalfa grows so rank
that it lodges and becomes very coarse
If left to reach full bloom. Here
earlier cutting is essential, but with
the first crop of one-year-old stands
or the second growth of older seed
ings, the stems are generally much
finer and leaf1er and can be cut in d
near full bloom without serious impair
ment of quality.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Poultry Facts

X X X X X X X X X x X X
Market all broilers as early as pos
sible.
Take good care Of the growing stock
and feed well.
Gull or kill the chicks that are lack
Ing in vigor.
Range and exercise is especially de-
sirable for poultry breeding stock.
Sour skim milk or buttermilk kept
before the chicks at all times will help
prevent diarrhea.
Egg production is uneven through
out the year, being heavy in the spring
and summer and light in the fall and
winter.
Teach the chicks to roost early. This
can be started when the chicks are
about a month old. Place the roosts
about eight inches above the floor.
Both colony and community poultry
houses are in common use, each type
having special advantages and disad-
vantages very much like the similar
types of hog bouses.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Save Small Grain Seed
for Planting This Fall

That farmers will do well to plan
for the acreage which they expect to
plant in small grain this fall and to
secure good planting seed for the fall,
is suggestion from the agronomists
of Clemson college.
Good seed oats are very scarce this
season, and should be carefully saved
by farmers who have them. They
will bring good price this fall, If
properly stored and kept so that they
will be free from injury by rats, mice
and weevils.
1t is very difficult to prevent dam
age to small grain during summer
months. 1t is important to have some
place, either a granary or a barrel,
where planting seed may be funigated.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Decline in Prices
Of Dairy Cattle
Pure Bred Aged Bulls Bring
More at Private Sale.

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
Average sale prices of pure bred
dairy cattle for the year ending De-
cember 81, 1923, ranged from $133 for
bulls under one year to 1888 for bulls
over three years of age, according to
reports submitted by breeders to the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. The breeds included were: Ayr
shire, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and
Brown Swiss. More than twice as
many animals were disposed Of at pri-
vate sale as were sold at auction. Auc-
ton prices, however, averaged from
$25 to $50 per head higher than those
realized in private sales. Aged bulls
were an exception, such animals bring
ing more in private sales than at auc-
ton.
The following comparison by ages
shows that prices in 1923 were some
what lower than in 1922:
Bulls under one year of age. .$156 $138
Bulls over one and under
three years of age........ 221 206
Bulls over three years of age ABS 268
Heifers under one year Of age 1S1 1913
Cows and neifers over one
and under three years OF
age I'll l1S
Cows over three years of age 285 261
The top bull and cow each brought
$500. The number of animals repre-
sented were: Calves, under one year,
1915; bulls, over one year and under
three, 947; bulls over three years, 1856;
heifers and cows over one year and
under three, 2,479, and cows over
three years Of age, 2,977.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Fd.::'!..r!I:'lr!.ln!.!!:-IMtlss.

Owning q farm home makes for am
bition, industry and thrift.
Buy or prepare bluestone paste for
treating watermelon stems.
Plan to get some resistant crop into
the rotation on soil infested with root
knot.
All varieties Of soy beans are soil
builders and gre worth the labor and
expense of planting for that purpose
alone.
a better community will pay big divi-
dends in happier and more prosperous
people.
All farmers should not go into the
raising of hogs in large numbers, but
every farmer can have some hogs and
make swine raising fit into his other
farm operations.
Farmers who grew soy beans last
year and saved the seed have made
from $50 to 500 per acre from the
sale of seed, and the crop can be
grown after grain.
Any common tin can filed half full
of axle grease In which is placed an
old, worn-out paint brush, will be
found very handy on the farm for
greasing plow shares and cultivator
shoveIs.
Legumes mean more and better live
stock, more productive soil, better
quality and better yields of grain, less
expense and larger profits; In brief,
more prosperity for the farmers, the
business men and the community.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17

States SO gallons, which figures out
1.16 pints day. This is an increase
of three gallons over that used in
1922. In 1921 only 40 gallons per per-
son were consumed.
Butter Is also gaining. 1t took an
average of IL pounds of butter per per-
son to spread the bread OF the nation
In 1923, while 1914 pounds were
enough the year before. The cheese
used increased from 81 pounds per
person in 1922 to 80 pounds in 1928
That Americans like ice cream is
proved by the growing demand. The
average consumption was 2.66 gallons
the past year. This Is compared with
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Glover Is Helpful

The growing Of clover in a three
year rotation, especially If the second
crop Of clover is plowed under, would
keep many soils in splendid condi-
ton for a long term of years, although
many other soils would be benefited
by dressing Of one to two tons Of
limestone per acre once in each ro-
tation period and also by the addition
Of acid phosphate for one Of the
crops in each rotation. The blowing
under Of the second crop will add
considerable nitrogen.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Licensed Tester EMPLOYED

To accomplish the purpose of the
creamery and testers license law, most
states require that all cream-shipping
stations, milk plants and condensaries
buying and paying for milk and cream
on the butterfat basis have in their
employ a licensed tester who Is re-
sponsible for the operation of a Bah
cock test.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Green Feed Problem

Where the hens have free range
the problem of green feed takes pretty
good care Of itself, especially If clover
or alfalfa fields are convenient. But
bare yards are a nuisance. They not
only curtail egg production at time
when eggs can be manufactured cheap
er than at any other time of the year,
but they bring about disease and en-
courage a general filthy condition that
is detrimental to present and future
flocks.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Continuous Garden

A continuous" garden is possible
for many months Of the year If re-
planting is done. Why should all of
the lettuce or beans be planted at one
timer Why not utilize the space
left after the young onions are pull
cd, by planting late cabbage?
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
This is Your Share. Did You Get It Last Year,

the bureau Of agricultural economics,
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, this rise follows the annual in
crease In consumption which has been
going on for the past few years.
During 1923 the amount Of whole
milk used was enough to give each
man, woman and child in the United
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
DEVELOPING TASTE
FOR DAIRY FOODS
Americans Are Using More
of These Products Than
Ever Before.

Dairy products are getting more pop
ular In the United States. During
1923 the amount Of all dairy products
used per person was greater than the
year before. According to survey by
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17

2.4S gallons the year before and %
gallons used in 1921.
The amount of condensed and evapo-
rated milk used did not increase as
fast as it did the year before. The
1921 figures were LA pounds per per-
son, the 1922 were 1859 and the 1928
were 1925 pounds.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-07-17
Clean Up Your Yards

The first important factor in beau.
tifying the home grounds is to clean
up. In some cases this will change
the appearance so much that the
neighbors won't know the place.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-04-09

Leaves" that the greatest impress
sion was made. The illusion of the
autumn leaves, swirling and sway
cious north wind, was nearly per-
feet and Pavlowa, as a chrysanthe-
mum, brought to bear the full in
fluence Of her art that has held
first place among great terpsichor-
can artists for nearly score of
years. In this number NM. Novi-
koff and Oliveroff contributed adj
mirable support, but no small por.
tion of the beautiful effect was due
to the work of the ensemble. The
music of Chopin was shauntingly
lovely.
The Oriental group consisted of
three dances of Japan, q Hindu
wedding and an Interpretation of
the legend of Krishna and Rhada,
and while marked with color and
grace, seemed to lack brilliancy
and fire.
I OF the. advertisements, the ever
popular "Gavotte Pavlowa," the
music Of Lincke's GLOW Worm, =
with Vaginski as Paylowa's part
ner, was by far the hest. Mile.
Friede's "Anitra's Dance" could
scarcely be improved upon, but
Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodie," In
terpreted by the entire ensemble,
appeared disappointing in that the
dancers failed to extract from it
the full measure of its almost
matchless possibilities as inspira-
toni music.