The Birmingham age-herald., 1924-12-18
LET PEOPLE VOTE ON FUTURE WAR, URGES SEN. B0RAH Public Opinion Is More
 Potent Than Arms,
 He Declares SAYS PEACE PLANS CONFINED TO PAPER Judicial Tribunals In In- ternati0nal Affairs Nec-
 essary, He Adds
(Ry Associated Press)

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 17.-Pub- lie opinion would be more potent and more powerful in the enforce ment of judgments handed down by the world court, than either armies or navies, Senator William E. Borah, of Idaho, declared in an address on "the outlawry" of war, before the Philadelphia Forum tonight.
 Although force unfortunately has it's place in the administration of law" he said, "it is nevertheless subordinate to public opinion and to public opinion and moral force we must appeal if we are to have peace"
 Referring to a statement of Wood- row Wilson that 'people do not make wars," the senator proposed that in the future, war should not be begun until it had been submitted to a referendum in which the people "who will fight and die. and who must bear the brunt of the burden will have the choice instead of clique of men who have the power to choose peace the same as they have | to choose war"
 Answers Question Replying to a question as to wheth- CT piracy would have disappeared if DO other force than public opinion had been brought to bear upon it, Senator Borah said that while it was due to the laws that this crime was stamped out, it was public opinion crystallzed into the law that made that law en- forceable.
 Prohibition is not enforced because public opinion is not behind it, but it will be after a while," declared the senator.
 Amy plan or scheme which recognizes war either by covenant or protocol will in the end prove fruitless," Senator Borah asserted.
 Lists Violent Incidents
 There is no hope for peace, he as serted, ''so long as geat powes will that there should be no peace." He listed number of international incidents since the World war, which he said have involved "a resort to violence and force upon the part of great and pow erful nations against the unarmed ano helpless"
 Among the incidents cited were Nj caragua, Vera Cruz, Santo Domingo Amritsar, the Ruhr, Corfu and Egypt
 "In all these instances" the senator said, "the aggressor nation was strong enough to have invoked conciliation adjustment and arbitration and thus have set examples and established pre- cedents of more value to the cause oi peace than any peace plan.
 Declaring he did not criticize peace plans which Ideal with European con ditions alone" Senator Borah declared he was prepared to rejoice If the League of Nations, or the protocol ol any other plan considered as European enterprises can be made to serve tht cause of justice and peace in Europe.
 Would Substitute
 Senator Borah suggested that tht phrase "outlawry of war" be dropped for substitution of law and Judlcla tribunals in internatioal affairs" The plan should be considered, he said, a; three separate propositions:
 Creation of a body of internationa law, involving going as far as human ly possible to reduce international re lations to established rules of conduct
 Establishment of an independent tribunal with jurisdiction and power tc determine all controversies involving construction of international law ol treaties, and,
 Declaring by said tribunal that wal is a crime no longer to be recognized at any time as a legitimate instrument for settlement of international dis putes."
 "In other worlds" said Senator Borah, If war comes it must be with out the shield or sanction of law, but 1T violation of it. as piracy or slavery or peonage, or murder"