davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
De C0ntinuar el precio del a1d-
car con I'm dunlentO de CeHta-
yO Y medic sobre el prOnediO
general del a1O anterior, Ia
'CCudniCa CentrdIe" tendra este
an0 una gana0Cia adiCiOnaI de
100000 S0bre suS en-
tradaS brutaS
Los DIRECTORIES De La REFERIDA GEN.
TRIAL EN- NUEVA YORK DECLARARON HA-
CE DOS SEAlANAS UN DiVIOENDG De
$1.5O SOBRE SuS kCCIONfS
COMUNES

Los Directories de la "South Porto
Rico Sugar Company" (Guanica Gen.
traD en- Nueva York declararon. hace
DOC semanas, un dividendo trimestral
de So por acci6n sobre las acciones pre-
fercntes y de $1.5O. sobre las comunes
colocando 6stas dltinas sobre una base
stie mn SO " yreasumisndo los dividen-
dos en- los $11 ZOE, 800, que suman las
acciones 'cornunes no pagadas. Ademas
de las acciones comunes Ia compafifa
rosee acciones cumulativas preferences
al 800, no pagadas por valor de
$4,000, 900, v s5,75o,ooo de bonos al
i7o6, que Sc vencen en- Ell 1871.
Ell tipo de 6o6 sobre las acciones CO.
munes actuales equivale al tipo de 1920
aobre participation en- Ell capital penl
ldierte de Sc, 5,6o2,soo anterior al divi-
tdcndo sobre el capital de 10000 pagado
en- agorto 6 de 1920, dice el Wall St.
Journal, ei cual continua:
''La South Porto Rico Sugar co.. ha
podido pagar $40 anuales sobre su an
tiguo capital desde enero 8, de 1916
4-asta julio 2 de 1920, junto con un di-
videndo extra de $40 en- metahco i'm
1870 en- acciones en- julio / de 1916. En-
otras palabras, la |south Porto Rico
Sugar Co. teniendo un precio sobre ell
azilcar que la mayor parte del tempo
no era mas alto que los precios actua-
les, pudo pagar Ell equivalente de SO
(Contin6a en- la pagina g.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
EN- La SENTENClA NO TONIC
PARTE UNO De Los JUICES
Sc PERIUDICAN A ANUgEROSAS FAMILIAS.-
Ell DERECHO POuCIACO DEL ETADO
e exCesO de pObIaC6n de Puerto Rico.
la Ultima paIabra del dItimO Tribunal

Ell Negociado del Trabajo ha visto
con mucha pena la sentencia recaida
en- Ell case de FL Pueblo de Puerto Ri
CO VS.. Laurnaga and Co., S. en- c., de-
clarando anticonstitucional la Ley del
Salario Minimum.
Es esta una de las leyes que de una
manera mas directa favorece las cla-
ses trabajadoras; quizas la mas impor-
tante; de ahf que tenga tan alta sig
niiicaci6n la sentencia de mujeres ira
bajadoras, y, como consecuencia, a un
gran contingente de faminas puerto
rriQuefLas.
Respetamos en- todo 10 que signifi-
ca, la opinion del Alto Tribunal, des-
de luego, es nuestro deber hacer todo
10 que este de nuestra parte en- de-
fensa de los interses de las classes ira
bajadoras que representatives, y en- tai
virtud hemos sugerido al Comisionado
de Agriculture y Trabajo, Y el ha So
licitado del Hon. Attorney General,
que Sc establezca apelaci6n de esta
sentencia para ante la Corte de Cir
quito de Boston, de modo que haya una
nueva oportunidad para discutir esta
importante question.
(contintia en- la pagina q
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06

Grac.as saludos. Tenemos fe en- nues-
tro @xito. FL Proyecto de Ley conce-
diendo Gobernador elective sera in
tornado sentido favorable seguramen-
to hoy. Pasara sin difcultad ambas
Camaras y sera tirmado en- breve pla-
20 por Ell Presidente. Delegation tiene
preparado statement darem6s prem
sa llegada. Tous y 20 henos prepara-
do manifesto al pals alta trascenden-
cia polftica. Rogamos expresen nues-
tro nombre profundo agradecimiento
sComisi6n innumerables mensajes reci-
bidos a bordo, reveladores de que Ell
mas intense patriotisnao y extraordina-
rio entusiasmo agita estos momentos el
alma de los portorriquefios ante la her
mosa realidad de este triunfo ideal.
Gobernador Towner ha estado coadyu-
vando con nosotros intensamente. Ell
senador Iglesias y Ell Speaker Guerra
(Continfa en- la pagina 81
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
A Los SOCIOS DE LA
CAMARA DE COMERCIO

Sc invita- cordialmente todos los
Socios de IA Camara de Concrete de
Puerto Rico a la Reception que Ell Ho-
norable Gohsrnador la Sra. Towner
ofrecen la Delegation del Concrete
de Houston, Texas, esta noche de 8 a
IL en- ell Palacio de Santa Catalina.
Ell CoHuTE DE RECEPCIoN
Advt.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06

WASHINGTON, Mario Sci
Comite de AsuntOs Insulares de
la ca1nara de REPRESENTATIVES,
par una votaci6Sf az aecs contra
c.nco, ha ~informado fgvorable-
mente en- el ola de hoyVel Fro
yecto de Ley, concedisndo a Pto.
Rico la facultad de elegir su GO
bernador. Ell Proyecto ha sido in
tornado por Ell Comite con La re-
comendaci6n de que sea aproba- 81
do con las enmiendas propuestas
por Ell Gobernador Towner en- ell
sentido de cue Sc establezca tam
bi6n Ell derecho de Impeachment y
de recall contra el gobernador asi elec-
to por Ell pueblo.
EEL MUNDO' Y Los COMISIo-
NADoS.-A mediodia de aver, para
DIR a nuestros lectoress una idea del
espiritu con que regresa la Delegation
~ con el objeto de saludarlos antes de
que llegaran nuestras playas le en-
viamos Ell siguiente radiograma:
BARCELo,
SIS. PUERTO RICO.
Saludos a todos. Necesitamos urgen-
temente adelanten manifestaciones su-
yas, Towner y Tous. Contestaci6n pa.
gada.
Ell MUNDo.
A este despacho radiograico nuestro,
contest6 Ell sefor Barcel6 con ell 81.
guiente que pasamos transcribir:
Ell MUNDo.
San Juan.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06

Desde aver empezaron Iegar a
esta ciudad, numerosas comisiones y
prominentes personalidsdes ede t0loa
los partidos que Sc disponen a ir al
muelle tributar un enthusiastic reci-
biniento a los distinguidos comisio-
nados.
Los funcionarios del Gobierno, miem-
bros de la Legislature y de los orga-
nismos directories de las diferentes CO.
lectividades, seran los primeros en- dar
la bienvenida tan ilustres viajeros.
Al muelle Sc espera que concurra un
enorme gentio avido de tributar un
justo homemade a quienes han hecho
una defensa tan brillante, ante las au-
toridades metropoliticas, del derecho
de la isla.
HA SIDO INFoRGADo FAvORA-
BLEMENTE-En la tarde de aver,
hsmos recibido un despacho eablegrafi-
CO de nuestra diligente Agencia de In
formation, ssUnited Press, dandonos
cuenta de la acc.6n adoptada per el
Comit6 de Asuntos Insulares respecto
del Proyecto de Ley concediendo al
pals la facultad de elegir su propio
Gobernador, y Ell cual Proyecto qued6
pendiente de consideration ante ell re-
ferido Comite del Congreso al aban-
donar los sefiores comisionados la ca
pital uacional.
He aqui nuestro despacho especial:
Ell MUNDo, San Juan.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
NCENIEROS CIVMES

Sc soIicita los servicios de
dos o tres para trabajo de CAM
po en- conpanfa azucarera. Pue
den dirigirse las solicitudes in
dicando experiencia, sueIdo
que Sc pretende, etc. al aparta-
do 1869, San Juan, P. R.
Advt.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
deun vueIO de 9 hOraS COnse-
|0udvas el MORO Castle No. q 'Ie-
ga a Puerto Rico, Ultima etapa de
su interesante viiaje trasaddndco
AIERRlzO, OBlIGADO POR LA.
OBSCURIDAD, EN- FL LAGO TOR
TUGUER0, De MANATl
DOS NOTABtES PFRIODlSTAS AMERICA
NOS LLEGAROa A BORDO DEL
tIIDROAVION
10 q. nos dice eI piIOto Mr.. Zimmerman

Ell martes Sc esperaba en- San
Juan la llegada del hidroavion
Moro Castle No. 2", ell que, seg1n
I'm cablegrama recibido por, ell Sr.
Alvarez Torres, llegarfa de dos
tres de la tarde. Sin embargo, no
lego como Sc esperaba, este hizo
suponer que algdn contratiempo ha-
bia hecho posponer su salida para
esta isla. A Ultima hora, en- la no
che del martes, Sc nos comunic6 que
el "Morro Castle" habfa llegado. :.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
ATERRIzo EN- MANATI

Aver, presentados por ell Sr.l Os-
car Alvarez Torres, tuyinnos una
oportunidad para cambiar impresio-
nes con los excursionistas que tri-
pularon el MORO Castle, v quie-
mes, pocas horas antes, habfan lie
gado, en- autom6vil, de Manatf donde
Sc vic obligado ell hidroplano ate
rrizar.
Mr.. Zimmerman, ell conocido
aviador, que pilotaba ell "Morro
Castle No. L" en- sus numerosos
vuelos alrededor de la isla durante
Ell pasado aio, ha sido Ell photo que
realizo el arriesgado viaje de New.
York a Puerto Rico. LIE acompa-
faron, su ayudante Mr.. Walton,
quien tanbien estuvo en- Puerto Ri
CO en- la anterior temporada de vue-
los por la isla; el ingeniero S. F.
| Whalton; y como pasajeros un nI-
nero de notables periodistas norte-
americanos, algunos de los cuales Sc
vieron obligados regresar a los
Estados Unidos estando todavfa en-
Cuba. Sin embargo, continuaron Ell
viaje hasta Puerto Rico, los seiiores
Frederick A. Thompson, Correspon-
sal especial del .peri6dico "The Out
look", de Nueva York, y Represen-
Etante de la Associated Press; y Elon
Jessup, Representante del "Field
and Stream Magazine, revista de
(Continla en- Ia pagina 4)
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06

EsPLENDIDo REcIBuEIENTos-l WASHINGTON Marco Sc
aver de-
cudad
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06

file at the Post Office Of
as second class matter,
the Act Of march 8, 1879
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
Sc AL0UILA

Un exceIente apartamento con
cuatro habitaciones, cocina v
servicio en- Recinto Oeste No. 5.
Infornara Jose Fernandez en-
los altos.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-03-06
OPORTUNIDAD

En- la Joyeria FELIX LOPEZ
Sc recibi6 un gran surtido de eIe-
gantes Reloies de Pared, propios
para Oficinas, Comedores, etc.
Baratfsimos
s. Brau San Juan
Evening star., 1924-11-15
COMMODITY NEWS
WIRED STAR FROM
ENTIRE COUNTRY

NEW ORLEANS. November 15.-The
Sa!nger Amusement Co., operators of
moving picture houses, have combined
with the Maison Blanche Co., a depart
ment store, to erect one Of the largest
oroadcasting stations in the country
here.
SAN FRANCISCO, November Is
The general outlook for mining in Cali
fornia and Nevada the coming year is
bright. Strikes Of rich ore at extreme
depths in the mother lode country
nave led to re-opening Of some Of the
old producers and installation Of mod
ern machinery.
CHICAGO, November 15~With an es-
ttmated potato crop for the country Of
4b4 100000 bushels staring them in the
face, growers are discouraged. Some
are down to 20 to 25 cents a bushel in
some sections, and Wisconsin growers
also have late blight rot to contend
with.
CHEYENNE, Wyo., November 10
Byron Wilson, secretary treasurer of the
Wyoming Wool Growers Association,
said today the election results had made
the outlook for wool for the next four
years the brightest in the history of
the industry in America. Some Wyo-
ming growers have declined accent
contracts for their 1925 WOOL
MANCHESTER, N. H., November Is
Contrary to reports. the Amoskeag
Mills are not operating at capacity.
The plant has opened one cardroom, but
eight remain closed. The company ex-
poets gradually to increase operation
and hopes for full-time basis during the
Winter.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
BUTTER PRICES HIGHER.
All Grades Make Small Advance
During Week.

CHICAGO. November 15.-Light re-
ceipts and diminished stocks brought
the butter markets into a flrmer and
more active position, during the week.
and nil markets showed from u to /
cent advance on all grades.
Tho out-of. movement i'm
proved, but not in proportion to the
heavy movement into storage during
the production period. The monthly
storage report showed holdings OF
I35, ,251 900 pounds on November l. as
compared with 76.472.o00 on Novem-
Der !, 1929. It was considered that
the storage reductions would have to
bo almost doubled to reduce holdings
by May l. 1925. to 100000 pounds.
the average carry-over on that date.
Weakness and declines in foreign
markets reduced possibilities OF fur
ther exports from the United States.
Closing wholesale prices and price
range, s2.score butter. at the prin
cipaI markets follow. Chicago, "
higher at 3s; New York, IL higher at
HS: Boston, higher at 40, and
Philadelphia IN higher at 4foa.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
BY STUART p. WEST.

special Dispatch TO The Star.
NEW YORK. November l5.-The
past week has been the first occasion
in financial history where for six
consecutive days transactions on the
Stock Exchange ran at the rate OF
over two million shares a day.
This meant the largest actual busi-
ness which Wall Street has ever done.
But inasmuch as the number OF list
ed stocks Is more than double what
It was is and 20 years ago. the com :
parison with other periods OF great
speculative activity Is scarcely fafr
A two-mi million- share market, nova
days should properly be the eouiva-
lent OF a million share market two
decades ago. Consequently u may De
said that the speculative fever has
NOT in the present instance reached
the high pitch 1t did in 1901 or 1905
or 1919.
Credit Facilities Not Strained.
There is no parallel between condi-
tions now and those either OK the
great pre-war campaigns or the ire
mendous "bull markets" during and
Just after the war. The unique Iea-
ture of the present situation is that
there Ia nothing resembling q strain
unon credit facilities, the rock against
which the markets Of the past have
commonly gone to pieces, 80 Tar
from going up In face OF the in
creased Wall Street demand, call
money rates have come down. This
class of funds Is lending at the low
.st Of the season, with the time not
far off when, owing to tho return or
the crop-moving money, the surplus
promises to be even greater.
Conditions Mere steady.
II has been said rightly enough
that no such speculation as this has
been seen since the Autumn of 1918.
But here again there are no points OF
comparison. Five years aSo the
country was nearing the peak OF It's
post-bellum imitation. Bank loans
were enormously overextended, pro-
ductton had outrun demand, ana
prices for most commodities were ab-
normally high. The Federal reserve
authorities broke the market of No
vember, 1919, when. on account Of the
alarming drop in their reserve ratio.
they beRsn to mark up discount
rates TIE reserve rates then had
fallen close to 40 per cent; 1t stands
now above II per cent. Rediscounts
were then unduly extended, whereas
at present they are at a minimum.
Federal reserve note circulation
stands at S2s,o0o,O00, against over
$4,000, ,o00,0 900 six years ago. f..
Money Rates viii Harden.
There have, TO be sure, been signs
during the week that the money posi-
tion is expected after q while to
change. Quotations on time funds
have been raised slightly and lot OF
selling has gone on in United States
Government securities, obviously with
the idea Of increasing supplies OF cash
for lending purposes. This denotes q
feeling that commerce Ia going to ex-
credits and that when this happens
money rates will gradually harden.
But in the meantime the action OF the
call loan market suggests no fear Of
any disturbance such as has put the
screws upon Wall Street specuiations
in the past. On the contrary, It has
Evening star., 1924-11-15
EVERYMAN'S
INVESTMENTS
BY GEORGE r. HUGHES.
CUSTOMER OWNERSHIP.

In the field Of public utility fnanc-
Ing there has been no moro important
development in years than the Gus
toner ownership campaign. The idea
originated in the Middle West, but
has been taken up over the entire
country. The preferred stock Of cleo
trio light and power and gas COM
panies has been sold In lots Of from
one share up to the people who live
In the Immediate neigheorhood where
the utility operates. This plan works
to the advantage alike OF the COM
pany and Of the investor. The for
mer gain public good will in direct
proportion to the number OF new
stockholders, and the latter gain a
good investment with a high return.
For the benefit, however, Of many
inquirers who write asking me II
they; should buy these preferred
shares in their local utility, 1t should
be clearly stated just. what is In
VOWED. The public utilities have 4
long and enviable record Of stability
in earnings through good times and
bad. It is very rare for dividends to
be omitted on the preferred stocks Of
old established concerns. Neverthe-
less the purchaser Of these shares be-
comes thereby q partner in the busi-
ness. He Is not creditor. He takes
the business risk that goes with stock
ownership. It Is important that this
distinction be made, sfor sometimes in
experienced investors get = wrong no
tion.
when you buy a share Of preferred
stock in your local electric light and
power company you become inmedi-
ately interested in the financial PROS
perity Of that corporation. In your
own Interest you should do whatever
lies in your power to strengthen local
sentiment in favor OF giving the COM
pany a fair chance, and so enabling
II to pay you q reasonable return on
your money. II the company Is un-
Justly attacked, it 10 up to you to de-
fend It. That Is the only way you
can preserve the integrity OF your in
vestment.
AZ q matter Of fact there has been
4 great change In the public attitude
toward the utilities in recent years.
The disposition now is to be fair. 1t
Is beginning to be understood that
adequate service cannot be rendered
unless a utility 10 allowed to earn
enough for its owners to enlist new
capital when needed.
Copyright, 1924, by Consolidated Prcss.)
Evening star., 1924-11-15
BosroN STOCK MARKET.

BOSTON, November 15.-Following
Is list Of today's highest, lowest
and closing prices for the most active
stocks dealt in here: :,
Evening star., 1924-11-15
Query the Promoter.

Que1y the Promoter.
Determine how much OF his own
money the promoter Is putting into
his scheme before you decide to risk
yours. Don't take his word for it,
make him prove It.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
DRIVE TO UNlONIZE
BANK CLERKS PUSHED
Gompers Backs Plan to Come Up
at Federation Convention
at Ell Paso.
By the Associs ted Press.

BY the AssocIs ted Press
NEW YORK, November 1o.-The
drive to uniontze bank and stock ex-
change clerks In Wall street will be
carried to the floor Of the annual con-
vention Of the American Federation
OF Labor at Eel Paso next week.
Ernest Bohm, secretary Of the
Bookkeepers. Stenographers and Ac-
countants' Union, an A. f. Of L. ANIL
iation here. left yesterday for Ell
Paso with the copy Of resolution he
will introduce at the national con-
clave, and which stated. in part:
Resolved, That the action of bank
ers in refusing to concede to their
employees the right to organize and
refusing the principle of collective
bargaining be condemned, and the ex-
ecutive council OF the American Fed
GRAFTON OF Labor be instructed to give
all possible aid and support TO the
3. 8. & A. y. in It's work OF orkaniz-
ing the bank clerks, and further to
appeal to all workers, labor organi.
cations and progressive-m minded bust.
ness men to patronize banking inst!-
tutions employing union clerks
The attempt to introduce unions in
Wall street institutions bears the
sanction OF Samuel Gompers and
other A. r. OF L. heads.
Evening star., 1924-11-15

NEW YORK. November l6.-Follow-
Ing is an oficial list OF bonds and
stocks traded In on the New York
Curb Market today:
Evening star., 1924-11-15
HEAVIEST TRADING IN HISTORY
FATcSTO PROVE CREDIT STRAI.>
Sir Days of Over 600, 900 Shares Test Stock Mar
ket-Sterling Furnishes -. =.
.-.. Sensation.

been q plain invitation for the cam
paisn to 60 ahead under full speed.
Upward. Movement May stop Itself.
If the check to the upward move
ment Is not to come about through
the money market or through any
other outside cause, It. must come
from within the stock market itself.
In other words. the stage will sooner
or later be reached where the specu-
lative structure Will become top
heavy and fall OF it's own accord.
all upward swings since the Spring
OF 1922. -
The principal stimulation force is
evidently going to be- derived from
trade reports, which have already
begun to come in, OF a mass Of buy
ing. orders held up by the election
uncertainty being released. Along
with this there 10 the evidence fur
nished by the railway car-loadinS
figures and by the statistics on bank
clearings. that the general volume
Of business throughout the country
Is larger than it has ever been at
this time OF year.
Qsestisn sf F11ce Changes.
The question remains whether the
new demand will be keen enough to
force prices Of manufactured goods
UP to = moro remunerative iavel. In
the meantime wheat has sold during
the past week at q new high for the
year and tho average Of farm prices
generally 10 the best It has been since
1890.
The figures on the new cotton crop
plus the carry-over from the old are
manifestly against the cotton. mar
ket.' yet prices have been sustained
partly by the general spirit of specu-
lative enthusiasm In other quarters
and partly by the belief that the de-
mand for cotton goods from homo
and foreign sources will expand suf-
nciently to take up the surplus.
sterling Exchange speetacular.
Sterling exchange has become one
OF the most interesting features of
the situation. Some British critics
have contended that the rise Of over
90 cents in the pound since the poIit-
ical overturn At the close Of Octo-
Der has been too rapid. It has gone
national trade, which have shown a
balance mounting heavily against
Great Britain. But the other side
is that British capital, which de-
serted the country, not knowing what
would happen under the Labor
regime, has been hurrying back, and
that tho demand tor sterling On this
account has been more than sum-
cient to offset every other influence.
British Finances Clear.
Moreover, with political stability
assured. the essentials for the re-
establishment Of Great Britain on q
gold basis and the consequent return
OF the pound to par are complete.
The other requirements have been
fuldlled. namely. the balancing Of the
budget 80 as to- provide a surplus
permitting Of tax reduction, the as
sumption of regular interest and
sinking fund service on the Amer
lean war debt and the setting up Of
= relation between visible" debts
and Invisible" credits which, not
withdrawing the recent expansion of
merchandise imports, has almost
stopped the outflow Of gold.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
POULTRY. LOWER TODAY.

CHICAGO, November 15.-Poultry,
lower: fowls, l6a21; springs, 81;
roosters, 16; turkeys, %.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
Money to Loan

Secured by first deed Of trust on real estate.
Prevailing interest and csmmission.
Joseph l. Weller 4as asr w.:a; :ts / + + TrSat us
Evening star., 1924-11-15
by WILLIAM r. HEFrERNAN.

NEW YORK, November 15.-The
feature of the curb market today was
the persistent demand for Goodyear
Tire common. which carried the stock
to new high record at 20. compared
with the previous close OF 1sS.
Week end realizing sales made
themselves felt in the oil group. espe-
cially In Standard issues, which had
been prominent on the side of ad-
Evening star., 1924-11-15
NEW YORK CURB MARKET
Received BY Private W1re Direct T. The Star Onee

vance during the past few days. The
tinued strong.
The recovery continued In United
Bakeries common, carrying the price
up almost 10 points from the previ-
Gus closing quotation. HaIeltine and
Thermiodyne we're tie features OF the
radio group, advancing steadily,
while others did little. The market
as a whole, however, showed only
Wight changes from tb. Friday finals.
Evening star., 1924-11-15
POTATO MARKET FIRM.

CHICAGO, November 16.-Potatoes,
market arm; trading moderate: re-
ceipts. ~ cars: total United States
shipments. s93; wisconsin sacked
round whites, 1.00a1.10; bulk. 1.10a
nesota sacked round whites, 1.00a
1.i0: sacked Red River Ohios. Lisa
l25; Idaho sacked russets. 2.Iea2.15.