Evening star., 1924-11-01
BY JACOB SPOLANSkY.
CHAPTER NNI.

The Questions most often ask ed
and the ones which are hardest to
auswer-in T. Iation to Communist ac-
tiyities in the United States are ::
EXACTLY how do they manage to do
all these things and not get caught"
and How do they so about their
organizing?
The obvious answer TO the first Is
that they don't. hundreds are ar
rested and deported yearly. Yet an
answer to that answer is that In
snite of these arrests the work is
still carried on. 1t is hard to tell the
exact procedure and the details OF
their party machinery because 1t
changes constantly to prevent the
governments learning their secret
underground channels and thus
blocking them. The general plan only
is known. This is fairly simple In
outline. In the first place, there Is
the International. the main source OF
all Communist orders throughout the
world. The idea for this organiza-
tion in reality is very old. 1t dates
back 10 1883, when, in Switzerland,
three prominent Russian Socialists
Yer Zasulich, G.. PlaChanoff and p.
Ayelrod-organized a group known
as the Liberation OF Labor Group.
From this was subsequently, created
the. Russian Social Democratic party.
which was the forerunner of the pres
ent Russian Communist party, which
holds the leading force in activities
of the International
How the International Functions.
The Communist International is a
sort of general staff representing the
Communist parties in countries
throughout the world. 1t is composed
a
possessing Communist organizations.
however small. 1t is an executive
body, which controls indirectly the
Communist parties throughout the
world. 1t aims TO bring about an
armed conflict between the working
people of the world and the capital
lists, with a view to overthroWins the
established governments and replac-
ing them with governments by the
proletariat'
From time to time. usually once a
wear. sessions are held in Moscow, at
which all questions relating to Com
munist affairs are brought up and
thrashed out and decisions rendered,
which decisions are final. From the
International come all orders relat-
ing to propaganda and procedure for
organizing new Communist groups.
The International is the source of
final authority.
At present il is governed by an
executive committee composed of 70
members, to whom are submitted all
questions pertaining to Communism
for final disposition, in accordance
with the rules laid down by the last
"congsess." This executive com unit
tee elects a presidium of seven mem
bers, who actually are the sole dicta-
tors of the entire radical movement
all over the world.
Organization Highly Centralized.
In fact, the presidium Of tho Inter
national is the most centralized or
ganization in existence. Within the
executive committee are numerous
bureaus. One is the political bureau,
which solves all problems submitted
to it of political procedure in rela-
ton to the Communist organization
Of the country submitting the prob
lem. Then there is the organization
bureau, composed of seven members,
who, as the name suggests, deal with
problems of organization in various
countries, send men to aid In organ
izing new Communist centers, and
aid generally in the work of estab-
fishing headquarters in new territory.
This bureau also is in charge OF the
organization of various bureaus for
carrying on the illegal, underground
work Of the Communists in countries
which do not permit the spread of
Communist propaganda in the open.
There is also a general secretariat,
which is an auxiliary branch of the
presidium. with a general secretary
and various undersecretaries, all elected
by the central executive committee.
This division takes charge OF all mat
ters OF communication between various
sections of the organization.
Then there is department of edu-
cation and a department of agitation,
which work in conjunction with each
other, with a view to co-ordinat-
ing educational and agitational work
over the world.
Exercises wide Control.
Besides these departments there is
an Eastern department, dealing ex-
clusiyely with Communist problems
Of Eastern countries. Formerly there
were also many bureaus in charge of
Communist work in other countries
in western Europe, North and South
America-but these have now been
abolished by the central executive
committee. In their place and in
place of secondhand orders being
sent to Communist organizations In
these countries, special representa-
tives now are sent to supervise IN
person the activities OF the Commu
mist parties There is also a women's s
section, handling all questions deal
ing with enlarging the lists OF
woman members, and sports sec
ton, which is charged with spread
ing propaganda through athletic or
ganizations throughout the world.
The activities Of the Communist in
ternational in tho United States be-
gins with the hrst congress, 1919, at
AnoRiran C0nrnnnisfA