davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

By NEA Service
Chicago, Sept. 1s.-"In choos-
ing imprisonment instead of
death, the court is moved chief
ly by the conside ration of the
age Of the defendants, boys of
18 and 10 years. -.
"The court believes it is with
in his province to decline to i'm
pose the sentence of death on
persons who are not Of full age.
"This determination appears
to be in accordance with the
progress of criminal law all over
the world and with the dictates
of enlightened humanity. More
than that, it seems to be in ac-
cordance with precedcnts hith-
erto observed in this state.
"The records of Illinois show
only two cases of minors who
were put to death by legal pro-
cess-to which number the court
does not feel inclined to make
an addition.
"Life Imprisonment may not,
at the moment, strike the public
imagination as forcibly as would
death by hanging, but to the
offenders. the prolong-
ed suffering of years of con-
finement may we'll be the Sc
verer form of retribution and
expiation."
So ruled Chief Justice John +
Of Cook county crimins
court in passing sentence upon Ma
han F. Leopold Jr., and Richard A
Loeb, sons of millionaires.
They had pleaded guilty to tn
murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks
But they were too young to hang
So, at least, thought the court.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
MINOT GOLFER
HOLES IN ONE

C. C. Mclean of Minot, manager
of the Russell-Miller Milling Com
pany of that city, has Joined the
"hole- in one" club Of the Bismarck
Country Club, very limited or
ganization. Mclean made the 115-
yard, third hole on the local course
in one Sunday. After three others
IN a foursome had hunted for his
ball quite a while it, was found rest
ing securely in the cup. "'''oN'
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
URGES
PERSHING KEPT
ON ACTIVE LIST
Resolutions Ask His RestOra-
tiOn to Give Counsel to
Nations Defenders
FOR NAVY STRENGTH
Convention Would Have u. s.
Ships on Parity With 9th
ers in Gun Range
FOR NAVY STRENGTH

st. Paul, Sept. 1s.--Passage of
necessary legislation to restore Cen
eral John j. Pershing to the active
list "in order that his valuable coun-
sci will be available to those respon-
sible for the defense of the nation"
was urged in resolution adopted
by the American Legion national
convention here today.
The convention also adopted the
report Of the naval affairs commit
tee which urged that "our battle
fleet be placed Immediately on an
absolute parity of the strongest ma
Wy of the world in the matter of
power and range Of it's guns"
A recommendation for making
defense Day" an annual event, set
for September II, was contained in
the military affairs committee re-
port adopted by the convention. Le-
gionnaires were urged to continue
their splendid cooperation" to make
the day successful.
Continuance of the activity of the
Legion toward supporting the cit
izens military training camp and the
reserve officers corps was pledged
by the military affairs committee
report, which also urged an increase
in pay Of privates to $50 month.
Another resolution adopted recon,
mended the adjusted compensation
act be changed to permit any veteran
to assign his insurance benefits to
any patriotic organization chartered
by Congress. The American Legion
is one Of the two such organizations.
:. URGE VET BUREAU CHANGES
st. Paul. Sept. Exchanges in the
Personnel Of the Veterans Bureau
planning board and the central board
of appeals are demanded in res
olution criticizing those boards,
adopted by the American Legion ma
tional convention here today.
While declaring improvement has
been shown under the present bu-
reau director, the resolution char
ges that he is being improperly ad-
vised by the department attaches,
and necessary changes to remedy
this alleged situation are demanded.
Demand for an early trial of Col.
c. r. Forbest, under indictment for
alleged irregularities in connection
with his administration, as director
of the United States Veterans Bu-
reau, was contained in another res
Olution.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
GREASES SELF.
SLIDES OUT OF
JAIL TO SAFETY

Oil City, Pa, Sept. 1S.-Laverne
Eisenman. who slid from Clarion
county Jail to freedom several days
ago by sreasing his body with vas
cline and dropping through a small
passage, was back in his cell today.
Eisenman, charged with burglary,
picked the lock to his cell and made
his way to the upper tier where the
small airway leads to the outside.
Knowing that he could not squeeze
through the small opening in his
natural state, the prisoner used the
vaseline freely and few minutes
later slipped to freedom.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
MERCURY DROPS
30 DEGREES

Butte, Mont, Sept. 18.-Rain,
which broke a summer-long drought
yesterday afternoon, brought drop
of 30 degrees in the temperature in
two hours; the thermometer falling
from n to AZ degrees. Later in the
exening the rain changed to snow,
with the mercury going down to-
ward the freezing point.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
WOMAN, ", WEEDS
MAN OF 20

Portsmouth, Va, Sept. 18.-A mar
riage license was issued yesterday
to Jack Edward Griffith, 20, to wed
Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Fray, r..
Griffith appeared before the clerk Of
Hastings Court here after the clerk
of Norfolk court had declined to
issue the license unless both parties
appeared before him.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
MANDAN HUNTING PARTY NARROWLY
ESCAPES DEATH IN AUTO CRASH

Levi Fuller, brother Of, w. W..
Fuller of Fargo, and William Lyman
of Waterloo, Iowa, a brother of L..
F. Lyman of MandanA who were
guests at the Prowlers Hunting
Lodge north of Arena, sustained se-
we're cuts to the scalp, requiring
numerous stitches when the machine
in which they were riding, driven
by Judge J. NJ. Hanley of Mandan,
crashed through cattle yards at a
sharp turn on the road near Tuttle
Monday night. Judge Hanley was
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

not injured and the car was not
damaged, reports from Mandan said,
controverting another report from
Tuttle.
The car, a Buick sedan, left the
grade, went on the railroad track,
through two cattle guards, moved
up the track, went down an en-
bankment through harbed wire
fence.
The car through all its maneuvers
kept its balance and did not over
turn, which was considered remark
able.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
FLIERS HOP
OFF AGAIN
Jumping From Fort Crook,
Near Omaha, to st.
Joe, Mo.

U. S. Air Mail Field, Fort Crook.
near Omaha, Sept. 18.-The United
States army flying squadron hoped
off from here for St. Joseph, Mis-
souri,, on the next leg of it's world
flight at 1O:41 a. m. today, the Chi
cago leading and the Boston and
New Orleans following almost inn
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
SINGS OFF FINE
BEFORE JUSTICE

Chicago, Sept. 1S.-Miss Mad
cline Bailey of Angola, Indiana,
an opera singer, sang off her
fine in speeder's court last
night. After assessing her $34
and costs the magistrate asked
her to sing. When she sang
several ballads the justice re-
mitted the fine.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
DEFENDS SON.
MOTHER SHOT
Slayer Of Philadelphia
Woman Is Captured

Philadelphia, Pa, Sept. 28.-Be-
cause she defended her young son,
police said, after he had engaged in
a street fight with another, Mrs.
Annie Sabato was shot and killed
last night by Leonardo Peturra, ia
ther of her sons assailant. After
firing five shots at the woman,
three of which lodged in her breast,
Paturra fled and was captured sew
eral blocks away.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
RANCHER SEES
WHITE DEER

Bonners Ferry, Idaho, Sept. 49,
White deer, buck and doe, have
&een seen near here recently, accord
ing to reports from several sources.
Eeorge LaFountain, rancher, said
he doe was entirely white while the
bck had two brown spots, each
put six inches in diameter; on his
TX.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
LAF0LLET'TE'S
ELECTORS YET
ON G. @. P. LIST
Withdrawal of Four From
Republican Ticket Expect
ed, But Hasn't Come
PRINCIPALS ARE ABSENT
Other Political News - Non
partisanS Plan Picnic Near
Dunn Center
HEARS WITHDRAWALS GIVING

hON<A w fAA0 Wv
Jud LaMoure of Pembina,
representing Harrison Garnett,
Republican national committee,
said early this afternoon after
some telephone communication
during the day that he UNDER
stood that Withdrawals of four
Republican electors known fav-
orable to LaFollette had been
written "but that there seems a
disposition not to file them
now." He expected further de-
velopments over night.
Formal withdrawal from the Re-
publican ticket of four electoral
candidates known favorable to Sem
ator Robert M. LaFollette for the
presidency, was being impatiently
awaited today in local political cir
cles. Although statements had been
made which caused Coolidge adher-
ents to believe that the situation
would be cleared several days ago,
there was no change this morning.
Roy Frazier Of Crosby, who was
to obtain the resignation of the
four LaFollette electors, as under
stood in political circles, was not in
the city today. On Monday he pre-
dicted the situation would be clear
ed the next day, stating he had the
resignation Of one and that the
designations of the other three La
Toilette electors were being mailed
to him.
Jud LaMoure of Pembina, who is
representing Harrison Garnett, Re-
publican national committeeman, re-
mained in the city this morning, but
had no statement to make.
Reports that the LaFollette forces
were making certain demands on the
Republican forces as a reward for
withdrawing the LaFollette electors
from the Coolidge ticket brought no
statement on this subject from in
terested parties.
Boih the Nonpartisan Leagje and
LaFOllettc campaigns in North Dak0-
ia appear to be "well oiled" at the
outset, and several employees and Of
ficers of the organizations are busiy
engaged in building up campaign Or
CARNATIONS. A force of stenograph
CTS has been busy for several days,
both in the LaFollette and Nonpar-
tisan League headquarters, sending
out compaign material.
The Nonpartisans will open their
western state campaign Sunday, with
picnic at Pelton's grove, near Dunn
Center. A. G. Sorlie, League candi-
date for Governor, is advertised to
speak, with T. H. H. Thoresen, can
didate for Attorney-General, and
others.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
SEES COOLIDGE
STRONG IN n. W.
Rep. Johnson Says Chances
Good in Pacific Northwest

Chicago. Sept. 18.-Prospects for
victory for the Coolidge-Dawes
ticket in the Pacific Northwest are
better at present than were the in
indications of Republican victory
in that section at a corresponding
stage of the campaign in 1920, Rep.
Albert johnson of Washington as
serted in formal statement at Re-
publican headquarters here.
Rep. johnson, assigned to q post
in the national speakers bureaul
will devote most of his time hence-
forth to the campaign.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

In Massachusetts, Christmas trees
are being raised as a regular mar
ket crop. ,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
PEKING REPORTS FIGHT

Peking, China, Sept. 1s.-(By the
A. P)-Eight bombs were dropped
into the border city of Shanhaikwan
this morning, by one Of Chang Tso-
Inns Manchurian airplanes without
serious damage being done, it was
officially reported here this evening.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
BOMR RARRIER

Tientsin, China, Sept. 18.-(By the
A. P.)-Shanhaikwan, a city of 3O,-
900, containing the famous Barrier
Gate at the eastern extremity of the
Chinese wall, separating Chilli pro-
vince, in which Peking is located,
from Manchuria, was bombed today
by airplane from the headquarters
of General Chang Tso-lin at Mukden.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

Thirty different disease organisms
and parasites are carried by flies.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

Begonias grow like weeks beside
every mountain stream in Java.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

A. PD-The Chekiang third army, as
signed to guard that province against
invasion while the first and second
armies fought off the Kiangsu army
attacking Shanghai, has revolted,
Chekiang headquarters admitted to-
night.
AS result of the revolt, Lu
Wung- Hsiang Tuchun of Chekiang
province and Commander-in-chief of
the Shanghai forces has fled from
his provincial capital, Hangchow, it
was admitted, and is expected in
Shanghai tonight.
Rolling stock on the Shanghai
Hangchow railway, it was rumored.
all was moved off toward Shanghai
when the troops evacuated the city.
How far the Kiangsu soldiers had
advanced on the western" front was
not stated. In the meantime, Kiang-
su started a new offensive against
Liuho, key position on the Yangtze
estuary, 80 miles northwest Of
Shanghai.
News that the new Liuho attack
had started, together with the con.
sistent character of the unconfirma.
Bile rumors, raised to point Of
general alarm the already tense
nerves of the international settle
ment. The Shanghai volunteer corps,
foreign organization, was ordered
mobilized at 10 o'clock.
In addition, the municipal council
tonight officially ordered the whole
sale arrest of all suspected danger
Gus characters in the settlement. The
order was issued after refugees be.
gan entering the settlement by the
hundreds seeking projection under
the flags of the powers.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18

Planters in India depend on the
monsoon rains to prepare their
otherwise dry aoiL saani Ma ,aas,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1924-09-18
FOREIGN CORPS
OF VOLUNTEERS
IS PREPARING
Ordered MObilized at 10
o'clock as News Of Army
, Revolt Is Received
FIGHT ALSO IN NORTH
Manchurian Army Bombs
Great Wall of China in
Drive on Peking
COLLAPSE IMMINENT

Shanghai, China. Sept. 1S
ll:4O p. m. BY the A. P.)-
Collapse of the Chekiang forces
defending Shanghai from the
kiangsu army of Tuchun Chi
6hieh-Wuan, tonight was be-
lieved imminent.
No danger to the foreign set
Elements here was expected to-
night, but in anticipation of the
breaking down of the Chekiang
defense of the city with a result
ant influx of refugees, every
foreign defense unit was being
mObilized, while especially heavy
guards we're placed at all ap-
proaches.
PIX Lob, secretary to Ho Feng
Ling, military governor of
Shanghai and an appointee of
General Lu, tonight finally ad-
mitted after rumors consistent
ly unfavOrable to the Chekiang
cause had been given credence,
that through "treachery and
bribery" revolt had been ef-
fected in the third army, practi-
cally amounting to a declaration
of independence.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-04-26
Watching the Screen
BY DAISY HENRY

ITLING phOtopay is Of the big worries the pro-
ducer has TO contend with. The value Of pictures
title is one of the most important points Of detail in the
boxoffee success Of phoopay. Sometimes picture
is all ready for release with the exception OF title You
will notice that some companies change the titles of
well known novels when offering a screen version.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-04-26

TUE most recent example q this
was the double screening q
Don Caesar BaEan." Paramount
filmed ths notable story s;ASing
Pol4 Nsgrt. ana changed the uts
10 The spanish Dancer Il was
said the reason for this was that
the s;ory Vas originally purchased
Tor Valentine. but whsa this popular
star and Paramount parted com.
paHy II was decided 70 use The story
for NeEri and make the female
character predominat& In the
opinion Of many. however. they
might vel have left the story IN.
der - original title. for Tommy
Moreno. a. Don BaEAn. literally
stole The picture.
Mary Pickford also appeared
In = polarization Of the same
story. Laasseh directed MAD.
and the pholoplAy wAs called
-fiosiiA- Don BaEan Wa. In.
dned. \ mediocre character In
this production
A GREAT deal % time Il con,
n surnod deciding on the uto.
Not 20 long ago. While visiting the
Thomas Ines studio tn Hollywood.
got IN on the voting Of a title
for a new Douglas Mclean comedy.
Hunt stromberE. produces. who was
then inoe's publicity director. pre-
sented me with Hs; Of twelve
tliies. asking me 70 check or the
thrve I liked best This same list
had been passed among the stsdio
employees. from the offins boy %
Mr. Incs himself Like myself.
more than hair Of tho~s who voted
on a title hadnr even seen the pic.
tur- nor did they know whA, the
story was about
AT THE Columbia this week Is
n The Marriage Circle" II Is
undoubtedly one Of the clsveres,
light comedies 10 reach the screen.
Does the title give you that I'm.
presStonf We think not No less
than q dozen people whom We have
recommended this attraction TO.
have replied. 'Oh. I'm 40 tired Of
hose s;orsca Of domestic troubles
True. the story Is Of the domestic
Variety. but u IL different ana
scFeamingiy funny instead OF dra.
matte. as you might Be led 70 aus
bect. The original title OF the stoyy
IS -Only a Dream and 1; was a
sroceasfui stage play. A much bet.
ter title than The Marriage Circle
could have been chosen for this
iubitsch picture.
Elinor Gyms "Thrce Weeks
was banned in London on &C.
count Of the title. The erhIb.
iior changed II 20 The Romance
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1924-04-26

q . Queen" and that satis-
fed the eensors. The picture i
now running there. Did you
ever hear Of anything more
ridiCulOusf
GPEAKfSG q Three Weeks
- which 10 now Allowing At the
Blue Mouse. did you notice Conrad
Sagers curly hairf MadAln 0lyn Is
a stiekisr fer realism ana Paul a.
her novel described him. had curly
hair. NagsFs hair Is naturally
trins curly. but not enough. 20 he
was turuea over 70 the studio hair.
dresser.
CucH u the life Of a movie
- Geiori
MOVE folks arr Ike wandering
A'h lAmhs This Il the opinion Of
JACK Jangmeycr. our Hollywood cor.
respondent. and 10 prove this anssr.
tion Jack contributes the following
article. which We think Is more than
Interesting
"MoTioN picture people. = aired
A'l three rcdoubtabls press agents.
who have publleized and managed a
score Of those celebrities. when lsft
70 themselves are the most helpless
iot In the world"
Never on time for an engage
ment." said one.
Get lost and wander around llks
babes In tho woods % said another.
Hardly know enough 70 come in
out Of the rain. unless they get a
cue added the third.
That's 1.-THE cus.- they oolncid.
ed on an explanation. AT work al
nos, every move they make IL die.
taied. prompted. specified By the d.
rector. That duiis initiative. self.ro-
lance. rcsourcefulneaa- orr the lot.
with no shepherd 10 guide 'em.
they're wandering lambs"
DUH ROLAND was adniirink.
~ " cited as an exception
Yes, she's prompt. TO the
minute. Doesn't have 90 be re-
minded half dorrn times Of AN
engagement. But she's n bust
ness woman. business woman
even moro than the artrr-s.
Been taught 20 think for herself.
10 appreciate the value Of time.
10 keep from raspiux othcrs
nrycs. The press agents dc
light. Ruth"
pUT how the ears OF many others
ID mus; have snar;ed AZ this rax-
ringi Mos; OF them are ladies' Their
names I withhold am. sometimes.
gentleman. But LET them not here.
after trfne too much with my repor.
torlai time. can be goaded 10 al.
most any crime
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
Household Finance
Service Co.

404 Kresge Bldg.
Il r. Washington St, cor EN- St..
Telephone Main 1923
Under State Banking Supervision.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
GOLF SPREADS
100 Courses Now Handy for Windy
City Links Fans.

BIZ United NeDS
CHICAGO, Feb. S.-Chicago golfers
heralded the city as the center Of the
game in the United States, with the
announcement that there are now 100
full-sized courses in the metropolitan
district.
The hundredth course is that OF the
Fairlawn Club, just completed. The
first golf club here was organized in
1892. Chicago has more city-owned
courses than any municipality in the
country.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
LOOK

LaSalle St; 8 rooms, modern.
all on ground floor; large lot;
good barn: paved street. A real
value. This week. 50. $50; 81. 900
down. D. D PIERCE. 1901 Ma
tional City Bank. Lincoln $3.50.
Evenings, 8 10 $40.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
Milburn Best of All

Polo players on both sides of the
ocean generally concede that Deve-
reux Milburn. Americans veteran
pony polo star, is the greatest player
Of the present time.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
Bud Dempsey Wins

BY United Press
LOWELL. Mass, Feb. S.-BudA
Dempsey, New York bantamweight, y
won a ten-round decision from Sailor
Bryon, Worcester, here Thursday
might.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1924-02-08
BELIEVED MELLON
WOULD SAVE HALF
MILLION BY PLAN
Opposes Democratic Scheme,
Under Which He Would
Pay More.
By JOHN CARSON
Times Staff Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Feb. ~8,-Secretary
Mellon reported a net income to the
Government of approximately SO, O0O,-
600 in 1921.
Although Mellon declined to IND
form Senator Couzens of Michigan
as to the net income he reported and,
the amount of tax he paid, opponents
of the Mellon tax bill in Congress say
they have fairly definite information
as to what Mellon reported.
Income TAX statistics for 1921, as
published by the Bureau of Internal
Revenue, show one man in Penn
sylvania reported a net income be-
tween two million and three million
dollars. One other man reported a
net income of between one million
and one and one-half million dollars.
Income Two Million
These two Pennsylvania taxpayers
reported a total net income of $685.
G5S. so that it is conceded the richest
reported something around two
million. He could not have reported
more than $2,223,0 5s, the statistics
show.
Secretary Mellon is reputed to be
one of the three wealthiest men IN
the country and certainly the rich
est in Pennsylvania So the oppo-
nents of his bill insist he reported
between two million and 1928 5s.
MELONS, saving on his tax bill, on
the basis of the 1921 reports, can be
fairly accurately estimated.
On a net income of two million dol
lars, he would pay under the present
law approximately 81, 101, 440.
Under the tax reduction program he
proposes, he would pay on two million
dollars, approximately $597, 500.
Would Save $685. $40
His saving. would be approximately +.
$500, $40, under his plan. {
Under the Democratic plan. he
would pay approximately 1852, 740. His
saving would be approximately only
$14S, 700.
Mellon is bitterly opposed to the
Democratic plan and he has the EN-
phatic support Of President Coolidge
for his plan.
In Pennsylvania during the sans
year, 1856 persons reported a net
income Of $4,000 to $4,000. They paid
income taxes. es
Some of the statistioians. figure that
the total reduction granted, under the
Mellon bill. to these Al, 900 persons
for Mellon by Secretary Melons bill.
The Indianapolis times., 1924-08-27
AWARD ON CITY
LOAN IS HELD Up
Chicago Bank Must Guaran-
tee Immediate Money.

Although the Harris Savings and
Trust Company of Chicago was the
best bidder on the $500. 900 temporary
loan of Indianapolis today, Joseph
L. Hogue, city controller withheld
the award until the city could be
guaranteed immediate receipt of the
money.
The Chicago bank offered to loan
the city the money at an interest
rate of 2.S9 per cent, but the repre-
sentative insisted that transcript of
the loan be sent to Chicago for legal
examination. Local bankers object
ed to this, but Hogue granted an ex-
tension until late today
The Union Trust Company of In
dianapolis offered the city the money
at interest of 3.15 per cent the
Fletcher Savings and Trust Com
pany at 1926 per cent and the Mer-
chants National Bank and Indiana
Trust Company on a joint bid of $50
per cent.