davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Use of Fertilizers Aids
Apple Growing in Ohio

The use of high heterogeneous fer
tilfzers, according to the Ohio Expert
ment station, on the billy lands Of
southern Ohio has practically revolu-
tionized the apple growing industry Of
that section.
While fruit in order to grow and
produce vigorously, must have access
to liberal supplies of ammonia phos-
phoric acid and potash, 1t is the first
mentioned plant food that most often
is lacking and needs to be furnished
in liberal quantities. The Importance
of attending to this need properly is
indicated by the fact that upon am
monia depends the condition of the
foliage, the vigor of twig growth, and
the formation of fruit buds.
In the sections Of Ohio mentioned,
the application Of ammonia fertilizers
has doubled and trebled the yield Of
fruit. Ordinarily the fertilizer is scat
tered on the ground under the outer
ends Of the branches at the rate Of
three or four ounces for each year Of
the trees age.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Take Every Precaution
to Guard Against Worms

If the narrowing pen or house is
thoroughly cleaned with scalding hot
I've water, then disinfected, and the
SOW, especially her udder, is washed
with strong soap suds before being
placed in the narrowing house, the
little pigs will start life without pick
ing up worm eggs that cause so much
loss each year. If those precautions
have not been followed 1t will be nee
essary to worm the pigs later. This is
worthwhile, but much more expensive
and less satisfactory than preventing
worms. The most reliable Of all worm
remedies consists Of five grains of cal
omel and eight grains of santonin per
100 pounds of live weight. Keep pigs
off feed for IL to "a hours and mix
these drugs carefully and thoroughly
in thick slop. Use every possible pre-
caution to insure each pig getting an
equal share.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Feed Value of Mixture
Superior to Oats Alone

Many farmers are substituting a
mixture of oats, barley and peas for
oats grown separately. They are do
Ing this because very often they have
found oats alone to be an improbable
crop, and yet they feel that oats has
an important place in the rotation.
AS a result Of investigation about
the state, the New York college of
agriculture at Ithaca reports that this
mixture of oats, barley and peas is
satisfactory as a nurse crop and gives
a yield of grain usually higher than
of oats alone. The feeding value of
this mixture, further, is much superior
to oats. Another advantage is that the
peas in the mixture, being a legume,
will help maintain soil fertility by
utilizing nitrogen in the air.
An objection the college workers
find to the combination is the slight
additional cost of the seed.
In making the mixture, bushel of
oats, bushel of barley, and half
bushel of Canada field peas have pro-
duced good results. This mixture
should usually be sown at the rate of
about two and one-half bushels to the
acre, although ON rich soils one and
One-half to two bushels may be
enough.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08

by the bacterio1ogy department of the
Wisconsin college Of agriculture al
ready this spring.
NoduIes Formed on the Roots.
The purpose of treating the legume
seed with the bacteria before planting
is to insure the young seeding the bac-
terra which will form the little nod
ules on the roots so that the plant can
use the nitrogen from the air.
According to Fred, legumes will, If
they are given time, grow and de-
velop these nodules from the stray
bacteria in the soil through natural
incubation. But in these days of
high-priced land and labor, when every
thing must be done to assist nature
In the production Of bountiful crops,
the most economical way is to supply
the seed with bacteria when planting.
TN some parts Of this country" de-
clares Fred, ''land left uncultivated
will soon produce fair growth of
legumes. This method is not profit
able because considerable time is re-
CURED for the production Of pas
ture. The planting Of legumes with
out incubation is similar to the hit
or-miss system of securing a pasture"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Eggs for Matching Must
Be Gathered Carefully

At the time an egg is laid, the germ
is smaller than the eye can see and is
located within ring visible on the
surface Of the yolk. It is very deli
cate and improper handling of the egg
before it is set may kill this germ.
Eggs to be set should be gathered
several times daily to prevent chilling
or starting" by a broody hen. The
nests should be kept clean, a wire
mesh bottom nest which let's the dirt
out being best. The eggs should not
be washed, as this opens the pores and
allows the egg to evaporate. Scrape
the dirt off and do not set those which
are very dirty.
Keep them at temperature of from
30 to CO. At SO they will start to
hatch, and If not put under a hen at
once will probably die Do not put
them in dusty material or where dust
can gather on them, as this will close
UP the pores and smother the chick
later. A basement is much better
than a dry room. Do not hold the
eggs over seven days before setting
five days is safer.-O. G. Krum, Poul-
try Specialist, Colorado Agricultural
College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Increase Shown in Farm
Wages During Last Year

Average farm wages in the United
States last year were $33.18 month,
with board, compared with $29.17 in
1922, the United States Department Of
Agriculture reports. Increases were
shown in all geographic groups of
states, with largest increases in the
North Atlantic and East North Cen
trail states and the smallest increase
in the South Atlantic states.
The rate per month with board in
the North Atlantic group rose from
S37. IA in 1922 to $43.42 in 1923; in the
East North Central group from $33.35
to 500. Al and in the Western states,
including the Mountain and Pacific
constructions, from $45.57 to S51.25. The
rate in the West North Central states
increased from $33.63 to $37.54; in
the South Atlantic states from
S22.12 to $24,93; and in the South Cen
trail group from 1929 to $24.13.
The increases are attributed to In
dustrial competition for labor, which
was most pronounced in the northern
states as reflected in the larger adj
vances.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Make Building Mistakes
on Paper Is Best Plan

Nine times out Of ten a house or
barn will please and serve better If
you build it on paper first. And now,
while your evenings are better fitted.
to building on paper than on the
ground, plans for that new barn or
shed, or for remodeling the house. can
go on apace.
Wood, brick, tile and concrete are
not very plastic, and mistakes IN plac-
Ing them are harder to change than
when the same mistakes are made on
paper. Often, say farm engineers, In
buildings not well laid out on paper,
the chimney has queer way of COM
ing up in the middle Of a bedroom.
Or the stairway may turn out to be
nearly as steep as a ladder. Again,
kitchen windows may happen so near
the floor that it will be impossible to
put table or sink underneath them.
These things can be avoided by build
ing on paper first
Too frequently man who has built
with hammer, nails, and saw without
bothering to build first on paper will
remark: '.If I could do this over
again, I'D change this window, that
stairway" and SO on. Avoid mistakes
by building on paper first, finding the
errors and correcting the plans before
changes begin to cost money.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Earn MITES

1t isn't too early to plan for better
fair-state, county, or community.
The first essential for success with
red clover is: Good northern-grown
seed.
High-priced seed Is not always good
seed, but low-priced seed can never
be good seed.
The delayed dormant spray must be
applied at just the right time. Be sure
the spray rig is in trim.
It isn't so much the number of
trees in the orchard that counts. It's
what those trees produce.
Failure to treat oats for smut the
last few years has cost growers at
least 31a bushels an acre.
Uncle Alb says that when we ar
rive at the time when work just comes
natural to US we inherit happiness.
Golden eggs have gone out of style
except in fairy tales, but lots Of green
stuff fed to layers gets eggs that get
the gold.
The greatest value of the typewriter
on the farm Is in the carbon copy It
leaves with the writer of every order
or business letter.
Some say work is a curse, others
that It's a blessing; Uncle Alb says
that, either way, there's nothing to
equal the satisfaction lob well
done
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Whitewash Favored for
Cleaning Chicken Coon

Because mites breed so rapidly, the
hen house becomes uninhabitable by
summer If preventive measures are not
taken in the spring. Mites can live
for five months without blood, so that
closing the poultry house during the
summer will not completely starve
them out This explains why they
can live through the winter and be
ready to breed the next spring. A
poultry house can be kept absolutely
free from mites. Clean out all the old
nests. Clean up all litter on the floor
and burn it. Paint the roosts and
dropping boards with undiluted COM
mercial liquid lice-killer, or with crude
petroleum. Apply to the entire length
Of the roosts, top side and under !;
also where the roosts join the wall.
Repeat in June, and again in August.
Spray the entire interior of the coop
with disinfectant whenever you clean
1t. withdrawing and cleanliness
largely prevent poultry disease and
the red mite as well.-American
Poultry Journal.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Inhumane Treatment Is
No Cure for Blacklep

There is a groundless superstition
among some cattlemen that wire
twisted through cows hide over the
shoulder will prevent blackleg and
other diseases.
Veterinary experts of the United
States Department of Agriculture de-
nounce this practice as barbarous and
worthless. They say that such treat
ment can do no possible good On the
other hand, it is liable to do harm.
The penetration Of the hide Of cattle
with wires may result in infection as
fatal as the disease 1t is meant to
prevent or cure
This inhumane treatment also causes
damage to packing house equipment.
The wires are difficult to detach and
some are left in the hides after
slaughter. When such a hide goes
through the scraping machines the
knives are nicked by the wire, and
this leaves ridges on the hide. Other
machine damages are caused by these
wires and packers are quite concerned
about the continuance of the ineffec-
tive, brutal wire treatment The sure
and proper method of preventing
blackleg Is by vaccination. Full in
formation on the prevention of black
leg may be obtained free on applica-
ton to the bureau Of animal indus
try, United States Department Of Ag-
ricuiture Washington, d. @.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Technical Bulletin
Aid to Bee Keepers
Results of Studies Made by
Expert Agriculturists.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
To clear up certain points about
which beekeepers and breeders Of
queen bees need information, United
States Department of Agriculture Bull
letin 1922, Growth and Feeding of
Honeybee Larvae" by James A. Nell
son, Arnold P. Sturtevant, and Bruce
Lineburg, apiculturists, has been Is
sued. This bulletin sets forth in tech
nical form the results of studies made
by the authors, and should prove of
value to those concerned professionals
" with the production of honey.
1t has been found in the course Of
these studies that there is difference
in the type of food consumed by the
honeybee larva on different days of
its development. Food is supplied by
nurse bees which visit the cells con-
stantly for inspection and feeding.
During the eight days from the time
the egg is laid until the fully grown
larva is sealed within the cell the
visits Of the nurse bees average about
1900 per day. 1t has been impossible
to discover by observation what actu-
ally takes place when the nurse bee en-
tiers the cell to feed the larva, but
certain theories which have been form
ulated in regard to this are discussed
in the bulletin. The best manipulation
of the bee colony to obtain good re-
suits in honey. production is deter
mined by some of the facts brought
out by these studies.
The bulletin, which is in two parts,
and contains many graphs and tables,
may be obtained, while the supply
lasts, by applying to the United States
Department of Agriculture, Washing
ton, d. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Suggestions On
Raising Chicks
Expert Outlines Method for
Handling Youngsters and
Preventing Loss.

The following method of handling
chicks has helped to prevent later
losses from crowding. The incubator
Is kept darxened after piping starts
to avoid toe picking. A thermometer
is placed in the nursery and If the
temperature is found to be below 100
degrees there, the chicks are not al
lowed to drop down until about fifty
have Matched, then removed and the
door wedged open slightly to give
more air and harden them off.
Chicks are removed to the brooder in
baskets with warmed cloths below
and above the chicks.
Preparing Brooder.
The brooder is prepared by obtain
ing a uniform temperature of 100 de-
grees. Dry sand is placed one inch
deep around the heater to the edge of
the hover. A strip of roofing is run
around the hover eighteen inches
from the edge. Within this, fine litter
Is tramped until it forms a steep slope
from the paper to the edge of the
sand. The thermometer is hung at the
edge of the hover at the level Of the
chicks back. Chicks are placed about
the hover at about p. m. and the
room darkened. The space about the
hover Is increased from day to day
depending on. the temperature of the
room, the roofing having been left
long enough for this purpose. The
corners of the room are always kept
rounded.
Training Roosts Used.
At the end of a week or ten days,
training roosts are used A frame
four feet wide is fitted around three
sides of the house, so as to touch the
floor near the stove, and is hinged to
the wall about foot from the floor.
This frame is first covered with one
inch mesh and then lath are tackled
parallel on it three inches apart.
When practically all of the chicks
have taken to these roosts the hover
is raised and the room kept at rs
degrees. The roosts are raised and
hooked to the wall during the day. At
four or five weeks they may be lev
eled by mailing twelve inch board
under the front edge.-O. c. Krum,
Poultry Specialist, Colorado Agricul-
tural College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Cooperative Marketing
of Wheat Is Profitable

Cooperative marketing Of wheat
can be expected to increase farmers
profits by making savings as result
Of preventing duplicate freight hauls,
securing more economical financing of
the marketing processes, preventing
gluts of the market on particular days,
better knowledge of the needs of the
market and producing the quality and
quantity needed, and securing to farm
ers all of the advantages Of better
quality and thus encouraging improved
production. These advantages will be
secured under efficient management
an adequate volume Of business and
observance of the other things which
are essential for successful co-opera-
tive marketing
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
BIG YEAR PLANNED
FOR BADGER STOCK

This is another big year for Wis
consin.
Already events of unusual impor-
lance are scheduled to be held in the
state, and committees are at work
outlining the details of these impor-
tant agricultural affairs.
Bigger, better and more representa-
tive of the states varied industrial
life, the Wisconsin State fair will be
held at Milwaukee August 125 to 3d.
County exhibits, always large and
interesting part of the annual event,
are being planned by the county
agents of the leading agricultural
counties Of the state. Oliver e.
Remey, secretary of the state fair
board, under whose auspices the big
fair Is staged, predicts that the live
stock competition will be the keenest
ever seen at West Allis.
For the first time since 1909 the
National Dairy show meets in Mil
waukee September 81 to October f.
The dairy farm and factory equip
AGuL features VI CAlO oAOW WILL DS
housed in the Milwaukee Auditorium
which was large enough for the whole
show In 1909. The butter and cheese
exhibits and the dairy cattle entries
will be located on the state fair
grounds in West Allis. Under the
managership of w. E. Skinner, all of
the dairy organizations of the coun-
try are mobilizipg their forces to make
the 1924 show even better than the
past shows. Wisconsin, with her state
breeders associations, dairymen's as
ISOLATION, division Of markets, college
of agriculture, state department of
agriculture, cheesemakers' associa-
ton and 100 county breeders associa-
lions, holds a prominent place in the
cooperation which Manager Skinner
seeks in making this event the most
outstanding dairy exposition ever
held.
Badger boys and girls will lead their
own animals into the ring when the
Junior Live Stock exposition is staged
at Madison october 21-23. This is an
annual event sponsored by the Wiscor-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08

supply incubation for any other
legume unless they cross-inoculate or
have bacteria In common. Alfalfa
and sweet clover are examples Of
legumes which cross-inoculate or have
the same bacteria in their root nod
ules.
1.-THE nitrogen gained from inoculat-
ed legumes is a by-product," Fred tells
us. 1T costs practically nothing to
produce, because fegumes are worth
growing for feed, seed and soil enrich
ment. Inoculated legumes are richer
in nitrogen than the uninoculated ones.
Each acre Of inoculated legume hay,
pasture or green manure will contain
more nitrogen per ton than the I'M
inoculated acre."
Not only are the crops richer but in
creases In yield with all kinds Of
legumes are common where inocula-
ton is practiced. The greatest in
creases will result where there is no
shortage of other plant food materials.
Despite the fact that the returns from
incubation Of legumes may vary, 1t Is
so cheap and easy that it can and
should be carried on wherever ben
eft may be expected.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Milk Marketing in Dane

Cooperative marketing of milk is
the watchWord with the farmers in the
vicinity of Middleton, Dane county. A
new organization, the Middleton Milk
Producers Cooperative association.
was formed when 200 milk producers
signed contracts that bind them to sell
their milk through this association.
The contract provides that the mem
bers have the right to withdraw from
their agreement at the expiration Of
any twelve-monthss period following
such date by giving notice to this effect
to the association at least thirty DAYS
before such period expires. Each mem
Der agrees to allow the association to
deduct from the proceeds of sale and
delivery his pro rata share of the ex-
penses of the association, not to exceed
2 cents per 100 pounds of milk or 20
cents per 100 pounds Of cream. Breach
of the provisions Of the contract is
punished by the imposition of fine
of 25 cents per 100 pounds of milk or
$3.50 per 100 pounds of cream.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
EARN AC.TS1e

Paint not only preserves; it also
brightens.
Grape vines around the home fur
nish beauty, shelter md fruit.
Use fertilizer as a supplement to
good cultural methods and not as a
substitute for them.
Name your farm; then make 1t be-
come good name by selling only
carefully graded products.
The invading army of insects will
soon launch their attack. Is your
spray rig ready for battle?
Whitewash looks good on the out
side of poultry houses and pig pens,
but on the inside it does good.
If you did nothing all winter, you
couldn't do q regular hard days work
now; so don't expect the horse to,
either.
1t takes less time and costs less
money to replace the oil in the tractor
than it does to put in new bearings
and piston rings.
The Colorado potato beetle makes
its appearance at the time the plants
are coming up The plants should be
sprayed as soon as the beetles are OBJ
served.
If you are farming just for the exer-
else and fun of it you will need to
plant good seed so as to have some
thing to do at harvest time. If you
are farming to make money, you will
need to Miami good seed ANYWAY
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
BREEDING CHICKENS
FOR EGG PRODUCTION

Breeding chickens for high egg pro-
duction is in its infancy" said Prof
L. III. Schwartz of Purdue university
recently. 'There never was such a big
demand as there is now, for males par
ticularly, of known breeding. Large
returns are in store for the farmer
raising reliable standard bred birds.
Selection is the keynote for success in
any breeding enterprise"
One essential for successful breed
ing is to have at least two pens, one
for the breeders and the other for the
layers. Both males and females should
be carefully selected and only the best
used for breeding. The practice Of
using pullets in the breeding pen was
condemned, while breeding from birds
melting late in September, October and
November Is recommended.
Late molting birds have proved to
be the best birds for breeding high
egg production. A bird, in order to be
high producer or a breeder for high
production should be full Of energy,
have plenty of capacity, have a deep
body and long and wide back. Males
and females should be kept as long as
they breed and produce well The
desirable way Of introducing new
blood is by buying eggs or pullets.
The inheritance of high egg produc-
ton is transmitted through the male,
and only high producing hens should
be used.
When birds are not too closely re-
lated and are carefully selected, well
housed and given a well-balanced feed.
the Improvement of our flocks for
egg production will take place.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08

Nitrogen Is the most expensive of
the plant-food elements If purchased
in fertilizers. 1t is lost from soils in
large amounts through teaching, and
farm crops and animals remove nitro
gen in larger amounts than the other
elements of plant food AS a means
OF supplying nitrogen for farm use
inoculated legurnes prove the most
practical and economical.
When to lnoculate Seed.
"Seed should be inoculated for seed
ing in soils where the legume to be
seeded never has been grown before"
states Fred, where the legume to be
seeded has been grown only once, or
has not been grown recently; where
any doubt exists as to whether the
legume to be seeded has been grown
on a given field before; or where the
soil is sour and the legume to be
seeded grew poorly
Fred insists that failure to practice
incubation of legumes where it is
needed is a form of soil robbery. He
explains that the seeding Of a certain
kind of legume on a field does not
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-05-08
Health Is Determining
Factor in Managing HOES

The health of hogs from narrowing
TO selling time is by far the greatest
factor in determining whether the en-
terprise is to make a profit or loss.
From this standpoint the loss is usu-
allv figured on the basis of those that
actually die from accident and dis
ease. The fact of the matter is that,
excepting those cases where con-
siderable proportion of the herd is
wiped out by a pestilence, such as hog
cholera, the greater loss cannot be so
estimated. The larger loss in an aver
age herd is the difference between
what the herd actually made and what
IT should have made under the same
anditinn, state of health.