davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
IMPORTED CATTLE
BROUGHT IN 7. B.

That bovine tuberculosis was brought
to the United States by importing in
fected cattle, Is the opinion Of DR.. V.
A. Moore of the New York State Vet
Urinary college. The dissemination at
first was slow, but with increase in
cattle traffic, it became widespread.
The practice followed by many dairy
men of selling dry cows and buying
fresh ones, together with the feeding
Of calves with separated milk from
creameries and whey from cheese fac
tories, accelerated it's spread from one
herd to another. The adoption Of
common hangers and watering troughs
added much to It's dissemination in
the herds already containing diseased
animals.
DIR. Moore believes that If cattle
owners had followed the instructions
that have been provided for them dur
ing the last twenty years, they would
have little or no tuberculosis in their
herds today.
Wisconsin dairymen are waging a
relentless war against bovine tubercu-
losis. Sixteen counties in the state
have already been subjected to the
area test, while sixteen others are be-
ing completed, making total Of thir-
ty-two Wisconsin counties which will
be free from this menace before 1925.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Fertilizer Great Help
to Grower Of Potatoes

Earl F. Miller, according to an
nouncement, leads all other members
of the Jay county potato club, with
a yield of 418.4 bushels of potatoes
per acre. His methods, which may
be Of interest to other growers, are as
follows:
For seed, he used certified Rural
New Workers, his soil being sandy
loan. The seed was treated with
formaldehyde. He applied 600 pounds
per acre of a 2-12-6 fertilizer One
section of the field was left unferti-
lied. Yields were estimated from the
weights of potatoes dug in representa-
tive sections of the fortified and un-
fortified areas. The potatoes receiv-
ing 600 pounds Of 2-12-6 fertilizer, av-
eraged 418.4 bushels per acre. Those
from the unfertilized section averaged
194.6 bushels per acre less.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
POULTRY NOTES

The necessity of cooling hatcIing
eggs is disputed point.
When the ducks are Matched, make
them comfortable, but do not feed for
SO to 48 hours.
A bird with closely worn toenails is
considered a better layer than one
with long nails.
A pullet is female bird less than
year old, while coekerel is a male
bird less than year old.
Hens that show the least broodiness
are better layers than those that are
broody a large part of the time.
A fowl must carry a little fat In or
der to be in laying condition. A poor
or lean hen can never be laying hen.
Diseases of Poultry, farmers bulle-
tin 1887, may be had by writing the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington.
Hens that mott late and quickly are
the best layers. BY this is meant that
hens melting during the latter part Of
September, October and November are
better layers than those melting
earlier.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Ice Supply Is Necessary
for High Quality Milk

In the production and marketing of
.high-quality milk and cream supply
of ice on the farm Is almost a neces-
sity, says the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. Proper cooling
and cold storage is said to be the great
est single factor influencing the bac..
teria1 content of milk from the time it
leaves the COW until 1t reaches the
consumer.
The department says that farmers
should, If possible, put up at least II
tons of ice in the North and two tons
in the South, for every COW in the milk
ing herd. This will provide for cooling
the milk, allow for melting, and pro-
vide a little surplus for household use.
In winter, when work Is not pressing
on the farm, little time spent in an
ticipation Of the Ice harvest will pay
good returns. During this season old
ice houses may be repaired and all the
necessary equipment for harvesting Ice
provided.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Live stock exhibits featured the

Live stock exhibits featured the
early fairs. Breeders Of pure bred
cattle, horses, sheep and swine came
secure the premiums that might be
theirs, but also to advertise and sell
what stock they might. In this sense
the fairs served the twofold purpose
of educator and mart.
The American fair was destined to
progress Generally it was the avowed
motive of their leaders to promote only
that which had superior merit and
stimulate among farm folk the passion
for Improvement, which might be re-
fiected by their exhibits. From the
very start stockman, grain grower and
orchardist, together with the fair man.
agement, resolved that their charges
should mirror the spirit and progress
of their times.
Education, it was correctly main
tanned, is impaired by two methods
precepts and example-and the true
system is a combination of these. To
complement the agricultural and live
stock press, the farmers institutes
and the agricultural colleges and ex-
pertinent stations-all instruments for
precept-there had been developed, for
example, the agricultural exhibition
system.
Spirit of Business Prevails.
The American fair is a business fair.
1t is a most effective agency for the
sale of live stock Breeders make the
national fairs their meeting ground
and mart Their displays bring buyers
who find in this show-window of the
live stock industry the type of animal
they have sought, says the essayist.
While serving in much more
humble way, the well-directed county
or district agricultural fair is serving
farmers and farming Men learn at
local fairs" declared the Breeders
Gazette twenty years ago, "the neces-
sity of improving their live stock and
their farm products, and herein lies
the most eloquent plea for the per-
petuaion, Improvement and universal
support of the county fair
More and more the American fair is
appealing to the farm boys and girls.
Here the country youths can exhibit
skill and training in fitting show stock,
preparing sheaves of grain or samples
of home cookery, and giving demon
STATIONS on the many phases of Junior
work, the writer declares. Year after
year these exhibits are setting new
marks of excellence.
Over 1000 fairs and expositions are
held annually, attended by more than
%, 100000 visitors. These numbers will
grow, in Jenny's opinion, and the fair
Of tomorrow more and more will be
pressed into service to teach by ex-
ample the country folk.
In answer to the question, 'Have our
county, district, state and national
fairs and expositions reached the limit
of their educational valueY' Jenny
says that they have only begun. Their
possibilities for service when once
fully realized are unlimited, he con-
cludes.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Superior Mash Favored
for Breeders and Layers

A good mash for breeding and laying
hens of general-purpose breeds contain
ing only IT per cent of meat scrap has
been developed by the United States
Department Of Agriculture. The re-
mainder of the protein in the mash is
contained in vegetable form and the
SO per cent of ground oats and bran
gives the rations the desired bulk, The
mash seems to be particularly good in
raising the hatchability and fertility Of
eggs. The more stimulating rations
seem to cause an overfat condition in
general-purpose birds, especially dur
ing the second year of production. Spe-
cial attention is now being given to
the vitamin content Of eggs and their
fertility and hatchability as affected
by rations.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Use Bands to Mark Best
LAYING Fowls in Flock

According to N. e. Chapman, poul-
try specialist with the agricultural ex-
tension division Of the Minnesota
State university, the first Of February
is a good time to band the best pull
lets-the birds that have the early
laying and high-production marks.
these are the BIRDS" says Mr..
Chapman, Ito breed for next year.
The successful poultryman employs
every means possible to determine the
highest producers of his flock that he
may put them In the breeding pen.
Bands made of celluloid can be Sc
cured from poultry supply firms.
"A pullet that has white beak on
February / has made a fair record in
reproduction and deserves a blue
band on her right leg. Such fowls wiz
generally have long keels, loose "side
bones" on the keel, wide back and a
spread of three fingers between the
pelvic or lay-bones, and hand depth
from these to the end of the breast
bone or keel"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31

Ipecac Most Successful
Remedy for Blackhead

Ipecac is the remedy being used
most successfully for blackhead,
though if the disease is far advanced
there is little or nothing that can be
done for it,
To use ipecac as cure, put ten
drops of the fluid extract of ipeeac
in the mouth of the sick birds three
times day for three days, then once
day for the same time.
As a preventive use a teaspoonful of
the powdered ipecac on enough wet
mash for 20 birds Feed twice week,
commencing when the poults are two
weeks old and continue until three
months old, then give once every ten
days. The amount need not be given
all in one feed, but spread among the
feeds for the day.
In addition to the ipecac, give all
the buttermilk they will drink.
Sick turkeys are always preyed
upon by lice and mites and special
care should be taken to keep the
young and old birds free from these
pests.
Isolate sick turkeys since the dis
ease is carried through the droppings.
Green food In the form of carrot
tops, onion tops or lettuce should COM
prise at least one-half of the ration.
The brood coops and house should
be kept clean, and grit and charcoal
must be where they can get it. Old
plaster is especially liked by turkeys
and they seem to thrive on it.
Both chickens and turkeys thrive
better If they ere kept apart.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Convert Milk Into Many
Products of Importance

Whole milk as such is very palatable
and highly nutritious. 1t can be con-
verified into many other products of
great Importance in the human diet.
From 100 pounds of milk testing 4
per cent any one ofthe following foods
can be made: 4S pounds of butter, II
pounds of cheddar cheese, 45 15-ounce
cans of condensed milk, 1875 pounds of
wholemilk powder, 8.5 pounds of Swiss
cheese and % pounds of Camembert
cheese. In addition there are numer-
Gus by-products such as whey and skim
milk formed in the process of manufac-
ture.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Ways to Increase
Fruit Production
Pruning Demands First At
tention and Must Be Done
Before Buds Open.

This is the time of the year for
orchardiSts to be doing necessary
things in the orchard to increase fruit
production for next year. OF these,
pruning the trees is one thing demand
ing first attention. r. f. Payne, ex-
tension horticulturist for the North
Carolina State college and department
of agriculture gives some simple sug-
gestions for pruning the apple trees.
He states first that this pruning must
be done after the leaves fall and be-
fore the buds open in che spring. Dur
ing this dormant season the tree is
bare and it is easier for the operator
to see just what he is doing.
Mr.. Payne's suggestions about how
to prune are as follows:
''The primary object of pruning is
for fruit production, therefore the
proper amount of wood must be pro-
duced. After the tree has reached
bearing age, no attempt should be
made to shape it as the period of
training the tree is the first four years
after it is planted. Heavy pruning
should never be practiced during the
period of fruit production. The prac-
tice will throw the tree out of the
production Of fruit into the production
of wood, which is very undesirable.
I'm pruning apples, all dead and dis
eased limbs should be removed cross
headed in, closely parallel branches
should be taken out, rangy branches
should be cut back, and the new
growth that is not needed should be
removed.
"The ends of the branches should
not be stubbed back as this causes an
excess Of laterals on the branch in the
vicinity Of the wound, and less sun
light will be admitted Where a whole
branch is to be removed 1t should be
taken out back to the parent branch.
If the branch Is growing too long and
it must be headed back, the end should
be taken out back to lateral
Moderate dormant pruning Is rec
commended as it gives the proper bal
ance between the carbohydrates, nj
trates and moisture which are essen
tial to maximum fruit production. All
fruiting wood should be conserved as
fruit production is the main object
now. Pruning wounds should not be
painted or treated in any way as they
heal more quickly if left untreated.
Stubs should never be left as this will
often result in loss of the tree by de-
cay"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Milking shorthorn in ENGLAND.

The milking Shorthorn has become
a part of the English system of agri-
culture. The institution of the Dairy
Shorthorn association was due indi-
rectly 70 certain developments in North
and South America. The efforts of
the association were first directed to-
ward curtailfng the tendency that had
grown up to develop the Shorthorn on
the lines of beef alone, to the detri-
ment of the deep milking qualities of
the breed Competitions were started
at the Royal show and the leading
county shows for pedigreed Shorthorns
Of good milking type. The minimum
milk yield to enable cow to qualify
for a prize was gradually increased
year by year, and the association saw
steady improvement, both in quality
and quantity of milk.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Leghorn Pullets Should
Law When 6 Months Old

Leghorn pullets should weigh three
to three and one-half pounds and start
to lay when $50 days or six months old.
The weight Of the Rhode Island Reds
should be five to five and one-half
pounds and it will take about month
longer for them to mature than the
Leghorns. 1t will take about seven
and a half months for Plymouth Rocks
to mature. Their weight at laying
should be five and one-half to six
pounds. If the pullets are TO be forced
by artificial Illumination, it is a de-
sirable practice to hold back pullets
until the majority reach body matur-
ity as judged by the weights above.
Small eggs and lower annual produc-
ton result in having egg production
start before the pullets are mature.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
PAGES OF PROGRESS
WRITTEN BY FAIRS
Gerald Jenny Writes of
Their Educational Value
and Wins Gold Medal.

"Puges of progress are written each
gear by the county, state and national
fairs and expositions," says Gerald
Jenny Of the Wisconsin College of Ag-
riculture, whose essay on the educa-
tional value of fairs and expositions
was given the gold medal award in the
Saddle and Sirloin club national essay
contest held in conjunction with the
1923 International Live Stock expoSI-
tion.
"a mighty and potent force, they are
encouraging economy in farm prac-
tees, advancing breed interests, i'm
proving farm business methods and
building happier homes for the coun-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Campaign for Better
Live Stock Is Shown
British Farmers Taught Adj
vantages Of Pure BREEDS.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
That the United States Department
of Agriculture and the various states
are not alone in carrying on cam
paign for better live stock is shown by
results collected by the bureau Of ami
NAL industry. The ministry of agricul-
ture for England and Wales has been
working for nine years on a Live
Stock Scheme" which is a combination
Of the Better Sires-Better Stock"
campaign, cooperative bull associa-
lions, coW-testing associations and reg
lister of merit of the United States.
British farmers are being shown the
advantages of using pure bred sires
and the ministry of agriculture also is
giving them financial assistance to
enable them to use the improved meth
DDS Of stock raising.
The scheme is now operating IN
practically every county of England
and Wales. The latest, report shows
831 societies and one individual using
TAI bulls; and 90 societies and 451 in
dividuals using 500 boars. This is an
increase of 1O5 societies and 100 bulls
over the previous years enrolment.
One large dealer in Yorkshire says
that he believes that cattle values In
his district have increased fully 1920
per head as result of the work done
by the British government. The same
plan Is being applied to the improve
ment Of sheep and light horses.
Reports from countries in Europe,
South America, Asia and Africa, where
various methods for improving live
stock are being used, also show a gen.
eral activity in this field. The work
is prompted, 1t is believed, by grow
ing recognition of the economic value
Of well-bred live stock
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Protect Fresh Concrete
Before Water Evaporates

If newly placed concrete is left ex-
posed to the wind and sun, before it has
had time to harden, some of the water,
which is necessary to harden it, will
evaporate. Water is necessary to hard
ening of concrete, chemical action
goes on.
Thus floors and walks ought to be
covered with earth and kept moist for
about 10 days. This is common prac-
tice In concrete road construction.
Sand, gravel, cement. and water
can be heated in winter and finished
concrete covered with Canvas with ex-
cellent results.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31

try folk" the essayist writes. History
reveals that the modern fair originated
In the valley of the Tees in northeast
England about the middle of the Eight
zenith century.
Few Fairs in Colonial Days.
In the colonial days of Americas
pioneer farming the Atlantic coastal
plain saw but few shows of stock. Ac-
cording to Jenny, it was not until the
advent of the breaking pillow and the
self-binder, revolutionizing agriculture
as these did, in the latter part of the
Nineteenth century, that fairs became
popular in the Middle West.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Cultures for Lequmes,

Over $4,000 cultures for inoculating
legumes were distributed by the bac-
teriology department Of the Wisconsin
College of Agriculture during 1929.
Alfalfa and soy bean cultures num-
bered $4,000; red clover, $500, and
sweet clover, LOCO.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
Give Proper Attention
to Well-Being of Pigs

The pigs he'd should be kept dry by
frequent changes. Attention to this
detail will result in greater profits.
Other points include proper ventilation,
feeding the pigs inside where it is
warm, keeping their quarters sanitary
and providing an abundance of pure
water before the pigs at all times.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31
SEES NO DANGER
OF OvERPRODUCTI0N
Hubbard Regards Home
Consumption of Dairy
Products Below Par.

wisconsin dairymen need not worry
about national overproduction of dairy
products in the near future" That is
the answer given by B. Fl. Hibbard,
of the Wisconsin College of Agricul-
ture, to the question Gan dairying be
oyerdoneY" While approaching that a
temporary overproduction is possible,
he believes it will not last long before
it cures itself.
Many sections of the United States
are now talking of dairying as their
financial salvation, because the buy
Ing power of beef, wheat, and other
farm products is low. Butter, on the
other hand, had purchasing power
in October of one hundred, compared
with 1913.
Dairying Is Temporary.
Hibbard doubts if these other sec
tions will go into dairying permanent
ly until they have been completely
driven out of their old lines of farm
ing. "As soon as the purchasing pow
er of their old staples Increases they
will go back" he declares. much of
the dairying in these sections is mere
ly milking the beef cows instead Of
letting the calves do 1t. When beef
prices increase a little they will turn
the calves out again. Besides, many
who start dairying in earnest will not
succeed"
This means, according to Hibbard,
that the old dairy sections like Wis
consin where the herds are built up,
the markets established, and the peo-
pie real dairymen, will go ahead and
supply the bulk Of the market as they
have been doing.
Will Not Injure Old Sections.
He is convinced that even If some
other parts Of the country do stay in
the business, it will not seriously in
lure the old dairy sections. His ex-
PLANTATION is that the consumption of
dairy products per person is low in
the United States compared with other
countries.
"At that we use almost all our pro-
duction as the export of dairy prod
ucts is small" says Hubbard. "More-
over, consumption can be increased by
proper effort as milk campaigns in
a few towns have shown. Some In
crease is constantly going on. The
production in some places, notably
the South, where there has never been
an adequate supply OF whole milk,
could be doubled without affecting the
northern markets. This possible ex-
pansion in the use Of dairy products
is the thing that gives dairying a more
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1924-01-31

hopeful outlook than other stable
crops"
Dairytng will never be a 'get rich
quick" business, according to Hibbard.
1t will always be a good business
which pays well on the average.
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-26
OWNERS MUST
CLEAN THEIR
PREMISES NOW

It cost the city $1,000 last year
to get the city cleaned up after the
summer season was over.
"We are going to save that mon
ey this year." said City Clerk Loot
bourow Thursday morning. Now
that people are back we want them
to clean up all their surroundings,
and the city has made 4 complete
survey of the town so that we know
lust what needs to be done. Own
ers of vacant lots are being mott
fled to clean up their property, and
out of town owners are being mail
ed with notices that they must tidy
up their land or suffer the conse-
quenees. !"
J. Oliver, assistant health offC
Ger. has been all over the city to
see what needs TO be taken. care of,
and city property owners will be
notified that wagons viii call as
soon as possible to remove the ac.
cumulated debris Of the summer, II
such is put in the proper receptaeles
in the alley ways.
"sThe city is looking pretty clean
for the time of year." said Mr..
Loofbourow, "but we want every
body to take a hand in cleaning up
their own places, so that each and
every one can declare himself with
pride as citizen Of the cleanest
city in the valley.
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-26

have these wage rates are going to
be at work, when others, with high
er wage rates are going to be work
ing part time or not at all. 1t is
the factory that can sell at . low
price that will get the business dur
ing the coming months, and 1T is
the employees of such factories that
win have the largest earnings during
the year even thoagh their wage
scales are lower.
With our immense producing ca
pacity, the sooner we get into line
to sell goods at lower prices, the bet
ter for the workers. Wages may
not go down mEth in the next few
months. In the long run, they are
bound TO. No matter what happens
to wages, the advantage now all lies
with the factories and communities
which are enjoying lower costs. The
process is inevitable The farmers
have had their medicine in the way
of deflation. Most business men
have had theirs. 1t is simply inn
possible that the working man,
alone out of our entire working popi
ulation, should hang on to his peak
wage rates and at the same time
have work. The fact that he is
trying to do this largely accounts
for the present stagnation in indus
try and largely explains why the
Babsonchart continues to register
i per cent below normal. To avoid
what has happened to American
Woolen, other corporations are now
making wage reductions which will
ultimately be benefit to both
stockholders and employees. -