The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1924-07-22
WORLD BOYCOTT
TO PRE- VENT
WARS
Prof. ShotweII Says Proposed
Plan Would Bankrupt
Aggressor

Treaty OF Disarmament and Security
to be submitted BY the Council Of
the League Of Nations to its mem.
bsrs. was explained BY Doctor
James T. Shotwell. member Of the
American committee which drew up
dents at the summer session Of Co.
lumbia University.
Doctor Shotwelr. q professor in
history ct Columbia and q member
of the American delegation at the
Paris Peace Conference, said the
new treaty II adopted would allow
American participation without In.
volving armed enforcement Of peace,
and defines an 'aggressor" as any
nation refusing to submit q dispute
to the World Court.
EFT was evident to the commit
tee, Doctor Shotwen continued,
that the starting point for the dis
cussion Of the problem In America
was fundamentally different from
the basis Of European discussion.
In the United States the main In.
terest lies IN policies OF disarma-
Inent and the 'outlawry Of war; in
Europe. especially on the continent,
and more especially IN these post,
war years, the problem Of national
security takes precedence.
Given Four Days TO Reply.
'sThe definition Of aggression il q
negative one. Any state refusing
summons by another state before
the Permanent Court Of Internation-
a. Y,SnxtOn ~ = nyaavn,n - Z. e,r,,.rs,etar.
thereby admits its guilt. Some re.
ply must be made within four days
or the other powers are free auto.
enforcement indicated In the treaty.
A four-day time limit is inserted to
prevent an aggressor from con.
tinuing warlike preparations while
trifling with an appeal to the court.
It safeguards the security Of the
.complainant's power.
THE court is not called upon to
decide political and nonjusticiable
issues as to matters Of policy. 1t
has to find whether or not certain
overt acts have been committed and
whether they violate this contract.
In order to define this class Of acts
a world conference Is to assemble
frequently and its experts are to
form a permanent commission.
Again, the problem Of enforce
nent has been met by an entirely
new method which does not involve
the government Of any country fur.
Their than its own interests dictate,
and yet It secures an adequate pres
sure upon the aggressor by threat.
ening the safety OF its, business in
terests.
Commercial Pressure Seen.
There Is no surrender Of national
sovereignty. No troops are to be
sent abroad on punitive expeditions,
or Tor any other purpose. at the be-
hest OF any, council OF the League
or other outside power. The method
Of enforcement lies entirely n, the
I'm the economic sanction, the
High Contracting Parties do not bind
themselves by this treaty to do any.
thing contrary to their own inter.
ests. But they are free to do all
manner Of things as against an
aggressor with reference to its prop
erty rights on the high seas or
within their own frontiers. In q
word, the aggressor Is outlawed,
and, az such, deprived Of any Sc.
curity for his property In other
lands. Automatically he loses his
own security throughout the whole
world.
1.-THE effect Of this outlawry upon
business interests would be instant.
No trader could be sure that his
ships would receive entry into the
ports of another signatory, or that
his investments in their keepine
would not be Immediately attached.
In . world built upon a basis OF
credit, the result would be for the
aggressor unavoidable panic, Of
greater or less degree. The effect
OF this would at once be registered
in the fall in exchange value OF the
currency Of the aggressor state.
Applies to United States, Too.
Tt should be remembered that
this is not the fun extent of the
economic sanction for the aggressor
state. Sooner or later it Will have
to pay the whole costs of repara.
tons and Of war expenses To both
the victims Of its agRressions.
ssSeA SAOSO POWCk6p ONGu 4GUIlAl.
which have suffered by the econo.
mic displacement Of the act Of
aggression.
at win thus be seen that the
enforcement Of the treaty brings
into play the two experiences Of
Europe which have registered most
keenly In the mind of the common
people as well as governments the
disastrous effects of war, namely
in the fall Of exchange on the one
hand, and in the infliction of repara.
tons penalties upon the other.
"The whole economic lesson Of
the world war, the lesson burned
into the Consciousness and con.
science Of Europe, as nothing else
has ever been, is thus brought to
bear upon the prevention Of war
and the preparedness for war n
the future.
THE treaty is just as applicable
to Germany and Russia as il Is IA
the United States, in that powers
can sign 1t who are not member
Of the League"