davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1924-07-30
Boys S12.75
Knicker Suits,
$7.95

(4D Boys Kniclxer Suits, 81
tWeeds. fast-color blue serges
and cassimeres. Norfolk mod
els. with lined Knockers. Sizes
to IL. Short Lot price, $7.95.
FOURTH FLOOR.
The Washington times., 1924-07-30
All White Shoes
Reduced

Pumps, oxfords for sweet.
sport and dress wear, efrEp,
opera and novelty pr.ntibW--.aM
the best in summer stySae.
White kid, buck, fansg leath.
ers and cloth. All heel heights
and styles; all sizes ana widths
in the lot. but not In every
style.
AIS It'll st. n. W-street Floor.
The Washington times., 1924-07-30

PURCHASES FORWARDED TO ANY
SHIPPING POINT IN THE y. S.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

together with her straight top line,
depth of body, squareness and width
of rump, and splendid mammary de-
velopment, have earned her much
praise from judges of note and repre-
sentatives of the Holstein-Friesian as
ISOLATION, some of whom have ven
tured the opinion that she could have
given some of the big show grand
champions stiff competition. Grace
Koningen was shown at the Midland
Empire fair and the Montana State
fair in 1922, and at both places was
placed grand champion. She con-
forms very closely to the true type"
Holstein-Friesian COW.
No mention of Grace Koningen and
her remarkable achievement is COM
plete without also including "Char-
ley" Porter, her herdsman, whose
faithful care and attention was
great factor in making the record
possible. Charley" refuses to take
any of the credit to himself, contend
ing that four milkings day, constant
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

From every point of the COM
pass" says the Walla Wa1la States
man, which was founded during the
prior gold rush, ''they drift by hum
dreds and thousands, and the cry is
promises to depopulate California,
and from our own territory as well
as Oregon, the rush is unprecedented
The stages that leave here go out
loaded, all bound for Blackfoot."
Chicago, as we'll as San Francisco,
now began to take an interest in the
mining regions of the northwest, and
to bid sharply for their trade San
Francisco merchants figured that it
cost them from $270 to s345 per ton
to ship their goods by any of four
known routes to Helena, and they
were much concerned for fear that
Chicago merchants could send theirs
at less cost.
1t was also estimated that 100 pack
trains of not less than SO animals
each were engaged in the carrying
trade between Montana and the head
of navigation on the Columbia river
The total value of goods carried on
these pack trains for the year was
placed at $1,2OO,0O0. These goods
were packed total distance of $50
miles from Walla Walla, at a cost
varying from 13 to IS cents per
pound.
Five hundred actors and 200 ami
mails are to be used in the pageant
scene in which the Montana miners
appear, while other scenes will de-
DICT the coming of the Lewis and
Clark party; the arrival of the mis-
ionaries and the great wagon train
If 1913; the great Indian council
between the Indians and Governor
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18
MONTANA cow is
BEST IN WORLD
GRACE KONINGEN, OWNED BY
STATE COLLEGE, SKATERS
WORLD RECORD FOR MILK.
Is Holstein-Friesian, and She Has
Broken Worlds 1O-Year Record
With Production of 32,293.7
Pounds of Butter.


Grace Koningen, HOlstein-
Friesian cow bred and owned by
Montana State college, has broken
the worlds 1O-year-old milk pro-
duction record with 32,293.7 lbs.
of milk for the year ending March
81, 1924, according to f. j. Has
Ierude of the State college dairy
department. The figures submitted
to NJ. III. Gardiner, superintendent
of advanced registry of the HOl-
stein-Friesian association of Amer
lea, give the college cow a years
milk production of 2,293.7 pounds
and years butter production of
1916 pounds, which also gives
her the second highest butter in
record in the world for cows of her
age.
In celebration of this remarkable
performance the college folks, citi-
zens of Bozeman and the Gallatin
valley and leading dairy enthusiasts
from all parts of Montana gathered at
Bozeman recently for banquet, with
Grace Koningen herself occupying
decorated stall in the center of the
hall. With all the honor,
,omp and ceremony befitting queen,
Grace Koningen was proclaimed the
champion of the world, and her name
oday is speeding around the world as
me of the wonder COWS of the day.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18
Recalls Days When "BlOck
p Was Symbol of Final
Word In Transportation

/ There is a decided flavor of the
old west, when steamboats, piled the
waters of the Upper Missouri river
and bull teams plodded their way
across the plains from Fort Benton
to the early day Montana settlements,
in the spring catalogue of t. G..
Power & Company, of Helena just
issued
The picture on the cover is a draw
ing made from an actual photograph
of the steamboat Benton" taken
in 1880. The photograph came from
the collection of Jere Sullivan of
Fort Benton and the drawing by
J. Ross Pollock of Helena, is good.
There is some information regarding
this famous boat on the first reading
page, n dispatch from Fort Benton
to a Bismarck newspaper, as follows:
s'Fort Benton, Montana Territory,
June ri, 1877.-The Benton Trans
portation Company's favorite pass
enger and freight Steamer Benton"
James McGarry, Master; Jno. G. Barr,
clerk, arrived from Bismarck, N. D.
(third trip at o'clock Wednesday
morning, having made the trip in
10 days, Is hours, and 45 minutes,
beating her own time, the best on
record, nearly seven hours. This !
time includes delays caused by the
scarcity of fuel and the river OBJ
structions, but the officers of the
steamer claim no credit for time lost
from these and other causes. The
Benton brought 253 ga tons of
freight and $50 passengers, the lat
ter including 26 engineers left at
Daupnin Rapids.
This remarkable trip justly en-
titled the Benton to the reputation
Of being the fastest steamer on the
Upper Missouri, and the skillful man
agement which has principally ena-
bled her to make this enviable adj
1ition to her record, reflects great
credit upon her captain and subor-
Innate officers. The steamer was not
oaded for flying trip"
The steamboat Benton" was one
If nine upper river boats, which in
heir day, were the last word in
transportation between the frontier
Ind civilization, and their trade mark
vas "Block p" an emblem that all
,aid tribute to in those faraway
lays.
The catalogue exploits not only
vegetable seeds, selected particularly
or Montana after consulting with
he department of Horticulture at
he agricultural college, Bozeman,
nd shows field seeds, and devotes
considerable space, seven pages, to
poultry and dairy feeds, also con-
aims valuable article by Dr. w. ].
Butler, state veterinary surgeon of
Iontana, on the Importance of feed +
lg calcium phosphate to livestock.
The catalogue may be had by writ
1g post card to T. G.. Power &
ompany, Helena.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

Grace Koningen was MIXED four
times day during the long test peri
cd, and today, after it is all over,
she is in practically as fine condition
as she was when she started. At the
outset of her test, during the months
of May, and June, she averaged more
than 100 pounds of milk day and an
official seven-day test credited her
with 721 pounds of milk and 1922
pounds of butter Her best days
production was 1874 pounds, which
in more familiar terms is approx
mately Sc quarts.
With her production of better
than 16 tons of milk in the year,
Grace Koningen not only becomes the
highest 10-year-old milk producer in
the world, but she is the highest milk
producer of any age in Montana, the
highest milk producer of any age
owned by any state college, the high
est butter producer of any age owned
by any state college, the highest Z
day butter producer in Montana and
the second highest butter producer
for her age in the world. Illustrating
the type" and milk production go
together, it is interesting to note that
Grace mas Deen judged the grand
champion milk COW wherever she has
been shown.
Second Yearly Record
The test just closed was the second
official yearly record she has made
She was first placed on test as an g.
year-old and at that time made rec
ord of 29.647 pounds of milk and l.
1926 pounds of butter, giving her
a place as highest in milk production
and second highest in butter produc-
ton among college owned cows.
During her recent world record
performance she demonstrated an ex-
traordinary economy. of production,
considering the feed given. At no
time did she get more than "a pounds |
of grain and the average for the |
year will run close to 20 pounds. She |
was never forced" For the first
month and half of her test, and
while she was making her seven
day record, her grain ration. consisted |
of barley, oats bran and oil meal. At
the end of this time, "Ceretana Dairy |
Feed" a Montana made product, was
substituted for the above mentioned |
grains for the purpose of getting |
little greater variety of feeds than
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

was otherwise possible to obtain. In
addition to the grain she was fed
about 16 pounds (dry weight of beet
pulp, fed wet and soaked in molasses
water, about Is pounds of cured al
falfa hay which was supplemented by
green hay in the summer and about
so to 20 pounds of roots daily.
Grace Koningen was dropped at
Montana State college February /,
1913, the daughter of an excellent
college COW which, in spite of two
seriously injured teats, made an unof-
fioial test of 1908 pounds of milk
and 1851 pounds of butter year
under ordinary herd conditions. The
mothers dam was Nora Koningen
and her sire was Wisconsin Bess
Chief, a famous Holstein bull, par
ticularly well known because of his
great daughter, Spring Brook Bess
Burke. Grace Koningen's sire was
Johanna Roel Stienser who traces df-
rectly to Colantha's 4th Johanna and
Sarcastic Lad
Grace Koningen has freshened sew
en- times and six of her offspring have
been bulls. One of these bulls was
formerly owned by DR.. Joseph Pie
1alue of Bozeman, president of the
Montana Holstein-Friesian associa-
ion, and now heads the famous Hof-
;tetter herd at Lewistown. Another
one of the bulls is owned by McChord |
e Holloway of Bozeman. Grace's |
,nIy heifer was dropped at her last
reshening, beautiful individual,
ihowing exceptional udder develop
nent for a yearling. She weighed
100 pounds less than II months old.
Is Splendid Specimen
Grace Koningen herself is a splen-
lid specimen of the Holstein-Fries-
an breed. She is massive in size
nd yet carries her weight so well
hat only the keenest judge would
Inspect that she weighs more than
900 pounds when in high condition.
he is typical example of the rather
lusive thing known among dairy cat
Ie folks as quality" and her quality
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18
RECALLS DAYS
OF ARGO MAUTS
Continued from Feature Page.)


wanted no gold or diamond hunters
wandering about their reservation
and they ordered the party to leave.
AS they were compelled to go,
Pierce secured a Nez Perces woman
for guide, and passed over the
LoLo trail to the north bank of the
Clearwater river, where they went
into camp for few days, intending
to recruit their animals. Here one
of the party named Bassett, made
a test OF painful of gravel, and
found three cents worth of fine gold.
This was quite satisfactory and after
making other tests, they returned to
Walla Walla with about $50 in dust.
AS soon as the spring of 1861
opened, the rush began. The river
steamers and all other means of
transportation were taxed to the
limit. Many of the gold seekers
brought their outfits from Califor-
mia or other places where they had
been mining; some bought at Port
land, while others, as is depicted in
the pageant scenes, made their pur-
chases at Walla Walla, where the
merchants early made preparations
to receive them.
All needed something when they
reached Walla Walla, the last place
where supplies could be obtained, and
The merchants were soon doing a /
thriving trade. New merchants and
new stocks of goods appeared to help
supply the demand, and within few
months the little village became a |
thriving town, with all the advan-
ages, accessories and vices of from
Ter mining town.
During April and May, 1862, short
y after the opening of navigation. it
vas estimated that 10000 to $4,000
people passed through Walla Walla
IN their way to the mines.
Discovery of gold in the Boise re-
zion turned the tide of gold seekers
soon thereafter, but the
discovery of gold mines in Montana
n 1863 occasioned in Walla WalIa
mother rush of miners that rivaled
r exceeded that of earlier years.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

attention to every detail of care and
feeding, and an almost night and day
vigil during the long test, twas just
part of the days work" Charley"
credits Grace with almost superhu
man intelligence. why" said he, 81
can't even change my brand of chew
ing tobacco without Grace knowing
it,"
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

Isaac Stevens of Washington in 1855
and the Indian battles with Colonel
Steptoe and Colonel George Wright.
The entire pageant will require near
ly 5000 actors, singers, dancers and
musicians from Washington, Oregon
and Idaho. The pageant attracted an
attendance of 10000 last year, and
are being made to ham
die larger crowds this year.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

cuticura Soothes Itching ScarP
On retiring gently rub spots of dam
druff and itching with Cuticura Oint-
ment. Next morning shampoo with
Cuticura Soap and hot water. Make
them your everyday toilet preparations
and have clear skin and soft, white
hands.-Adv.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

Washington The senate passed
a bill to prevent monopoly of radio
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18
Treasure State Farm q livestock


descriptive the OF
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1924-04-18

The Grand Lodge A. o. U. W. of North Dakota changed
to Reserve Plan in May, 1904 the going
effect October 1904 The $7470O reserve
the top of the pyramid is the the
three months of adequate pyramid illustrates
the steps from Nothing to Millions assets
by the books of the Grand Lodge December
With than S28,000000 O insurance force,
this shows that the Order has in ONE DOLLAR of
force. This speaks sOLvENCY in NO UNCERTAIN
MANNER
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
LA ,CONFFRENCIA Sc PONE DE
ACUERDO EN- ALGO

! LONDRES, agosto /. (United
Pressl sl.--Durante un momento de ar
monia entire los delegados que rein6
Ell la conferencia interaliada, Sc lie
so a un acuerdo, en- el sentido &c
que el plan de Dawes debe ser mo-
d;ficado. Ahora Sc esta discutiendo
Ia manera como debe hacerse efecti-
va por Alemania, los pagos, y han
surgido acalorados debates.
La conferencia ha suspendido sus
sesiones para que los delegados va
van a aImorzar ST continua e. en-
rate en- las votaciones en- cuanto a
la nlanera como han de hacerse etec-
tiyos los pagos. la question sera So
naetida un comite especial, que
estara tornado por los princlpales
politicos que asisten la con'-eren-
cia. Esta noche Sc enviara ul ca
tlegran,a ,Alemania, invitantiola
cue envi6 su representation a la
conferencia interaliada.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
UN ACTO DE HEROISMO

MADRID, agosto 1 Omitted Press)
I'm aeroplano tripulado por cl
tenientc Gecea, mientras bombardea-
ba las posicioncs enemigas, Sc le
paro el motor, yendo caer iunto
las filas del adversario. Cuando
un grupo dc rebcldes sc abalanzaron
hacja el sitio del succso para cogerle
pr'sIonero, un moro, que es amigo
lntimo. del tcnientc, consiguio mon
ta1lo en- su caballo y emprendiendo
Teloz carrera le condujo sano sal
70 a las filas espanolas. Este acto
de heroismo y nobleza ha sido muy
cnmcntado. Las tropas esparolas in
mediatamente iniciaron un ataquc y
recuperaron el aeroplano, antes de
cue el enemigo pudiera posesionarse
Gel aparato. Ell teniente de regula-
res, Larache, fue herido dltimamente.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
nETALLES DE LA CONFEREN-
CIA INTERALIADA

LONDRES, agosto l. Omitted
Press).--Si la conferencia interalia-
Ga decide que deben hacerse algunas
n1odificaciones al plan Dawes, en-
tonces la question sera son,et;da a
los expertos, pero dandole una opor-
tunidad los delegados alemanes y a
Ia Comision de Indemnizaciones para
que exprese sus puntos de vista en-
relaci6n con la question.
81 no consiguen llegar un acuer-
do unanime, entonces el asunto Sc
pondra en manos de la Comision dc
Indemnizaciones. Y 81 este organiS-
mo fracasa tambien, entonces So
nombrara un comite, compuesto por
tres arbitros, incluyendo un ameri-
cano nombrado por el Presidente
del Tribunal de la Haya.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
Sc CREE QUE LA EVACUATION
DEL RHUR Es UN HECHo

LoNDRES, agosto l. Gable Fran
ces).-Se tiene entendido que Fran
cia ha de mostrarse dispuesta a eva
Guar Ia region ocupada militarmen
del Rhur, condicton de q. Alemania
Sc dfsponga cumplir con todo 10 que
extge ell plan de Dawes Por supuss-
TO- todo este parte, de que Alemania
consiga Ell emprestito de 800 millonss
que han de hacerle los fnancieros anne
ricanos. Sc cree que la prinlera ciu-
dad que ha de ser evacuada sera Ha-
gen, v despu6s sucesivamente, Dor
mund Essen. Sc espera que 81 to-
do marcha bien, y los planes no fraca-
san, mas tardar. el ounce de agos-
to, va Sc habra dado la orden de eva
cuaci6n definitiva. La Comision de In
demnizaciones Sc encargara de buscar
ma formula de arbitrsje, para esti-
mular en- que condolences funcionaran
las industrias conpafiias ferroca-
rrileras alenlanas.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
LOS FRANCHISES CONTINUAN
OBSTINADoS

LoNDRES, agosto 1. Omitted Press)
Las discusiones preliminares empeza-
ron esta maiiana, durante las cuales
Surgieron acalorados debates entire va
rios delegados. Las proposiciones que
han sido presentadas por la delegation
francesa iiltimamente, indican que los
franceses persisten y Sc obstinan en-
su idea de restarle fuerzas al plan
de Dawes, para poder actuar indie
pendientemente en- ell futuro 81 Ale
r'ania deja de cumphr con 10 pacta-
do.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
La Fedtracion Libre intervendra en- Nicaragua
I'm Comite de Arbitrsje para nterveDir en- Ca
50 de que AIemania no cumpIa con sus COM
promises. Hughes es festejadO por el rey
de Belgica

ferentemente de la carestia de la
vida, en- toda Espana pero especial
mente en- esta capital. Los articulos
de primera necesidad han alcanzado
precios tan altos, verdaderamente
fabulosos, que les ponen fuera del
alcance de las classes trabajadoras Y
aun de la clase media. La prensa So
licita la intervention del gobierno
para que liberalice los precios, pues
ii situaci6n porque atraviesa el pue-
bio es terrible, Y urge una soluci0n
Immediate.
"El Liberal, dice que la meior
manera para el Directorio celebrar
su primer aniversario, debe ser res
tableciendo las garantias constitu-
cionales, levantando la censura.
La Liga de los Derechos del HON.
bre", sociedad que funciona en- Bar
cclona y que esta formada por mas
de Glen entidades liberales, ha tele-
grafiado al General Primo de Rive
IA, solicitando de este que restablez-
ca las garantias constitucionales, V
suprina la censura, que tantas cri-
ticaS esta dando lugar en- el exterior
Esta sociedad sostiene ideas uni
versales, tales como los derechoS que
tiene el hombre gozar de su hber-
tad de conciencia libre emission del
pensamiento.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
UN, COMITE QUE INTERVIEW
ORA 81 ALEMANIA NO PAGA


LONDRES, agoSto /. (United
Press) Sc ha .decidido despues de
iatensos debates, nombrar un CO.
mite de arbitraje, para que interven,
ge zen case de que Alemania no hag9
efectivas sus proniesas de pago, 81
tiene entendido que dicho comitt es-
tara. tornado de tres arbitros, pro-
bahlemente un americana dos ciu
dadanos neutrales Y que no tengan
relaci6n alguna con ell problema de
las indemnizaciones. FL presidente de
ese comita sera electo por el Tri-
bunal. de la Haya.
Am no ha vuelto discutirse el
asunto de las modificaciones que han
Gle introducirse al plan Dawes, pero
Sc espera que de un momento otro
La question sea traida a discussion,
v que entonces han de surgir serlos
y acalorados debates. La diversidad
de. opir1iores este re3pccto es tan
marcada, que Sc teme que la confe-
rencia tenga' que confrontarse con
grandes diicultades para resolver
este probIema. -
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
LOS ITALIANOS ACTUAN DE
MEDIADORES

LONDRES, agosto /. Omitted
Pres Ell tercer comite Sc reuni6
esta manana, surgiendo acaloradas
discusiones. Los delegados france
ses manifestation que los delegados
americanos ingleses no Sc dedica-
ban otra cosa que a criticar todos
los planes que eran presentados por
ellos, Y entonces surgio un debate
que hubiera terminado no Sc sabe
como 81 no hubiese sido por la inter
vencion de los delegados italianos,
quienes actuaron de mediadores. La
reunion termino sin que los delega-
dos que integran dicho comite con-
siguieran llegar un entendido.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1924-08-02
(COpyri0ht Public Ledger

Veintiseis barras de oro, pesando ca
da una catorce hbras con un valor
de $780, 900 Sc habian desaparecido de
la GAIA de acero de la Mint. Las barras
estaban guardadas Ell una GAIA cuya
communication era sablda tan solo por
Rtbbins ayudante del clerk de pesas,
antique emp eado, que poseia la coni-
binaci6n para abrir la b6veda donde
estaba encerrada la GAIA de acero. Por
otro lado, no SO habia permitido a na-
die Ell absolute, salir de la Mint lle-
vando un paquete sin averigusr antes
10 que este contenia.
Pero desde ell momento en- que A. L.
Drnmmond, Jefe del Servicio Secreto
de los Estados Unidos, noto que la pner
ia de Ia GAIA de acero no cubria toda
la entrada, sino que dejaba un hpeco
arriba y sbajo de seis pulgadas por 10
menos, sin protection alguna, compren-
dio que habia dado con la solucion del
nisterio
pesas, Drummond lie ordeno que abriera
la GAIA de acero.
"Yo no Sc esa combinacion' fue "a
pronta replica de Cochrane. ''Pero lla-
mare Robbins que es ell lnico hombre
que puede hacerlo.''
Una vez que la pesada puerta qued6
alberta, Drumnond Ia contempl6 aten-
tamente. Y dirigi6ndose a Cochrane.
una vez mas. lie pidi6 que le ayudara
a sacar la puerta de sus gonzes, al
rnismo tempo que Sc quutaba ell gaban.
cochrane hizo 10 misno, los ojos del
agente del Servicio Secreto sc fijaron
detenidamente en- los fuertes tirantes
one este usaba, mientras una sonrisa
de satisfaction Sc dibujaba en- sus la
bios.
''Despues de todo, no tendremos que
guitar La puerta, Cochrane, dijo Dru-
mmond.'' "Ahora que usted Sc ha qui-
tado ell gaban, tengo toda la evidencia
que necesito. Cante do plano. Donde
estan las barras de orc que usted Sc
rob6?
''Por que. que quiere I'd. decir?"
tartamudeo ell clerk de pesas.
Excctamente 10 que he dicho" fu9
La reSpuesta de Cochrane. "Donde es
tan las barras de orc? No mienta. por-
que no hay manera de escaparse. Us
ted es Ell iinico hombre que tiene Ia
combination de la b6veda, por 10 que
Robbins qreda eliminado. Y ell hecho
de que usted no sepa la combination de
Ia GAIA, no i1nporta NADIA. Hay I'm hue
CO que pcrmite perfectamente con un
alambre algo parecido, abrir la cerra-
dura Y va esta hecho todo.
"Pero como las barras pesaban de-
masiado, usted no Sc robaba mas que
una cada vez, y la meta en- eSe boil
sillo extra que lie ha puesto usted a
sus pantalones. Y esos tirantes tan
fuertes que usted usa no tienen otro
objeto que evitar que el peso Sc notara.
En- realldad. Ia treta usada por usted
demuestra bastante inteigencia, pero
IN uso denlasiado amsnudo. Asi es. que
Olga donde esta ell oro inmediatamen-
te?''
La confession completa de Cochrane
confirmo completsmente las deduccic-