davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-04-15
SUPERPOWER: A NEW ERA
By WILL p. KENNEDY


Waters run on forever. They are
an inexhaustible resource. Fuel once
burned is gone forever and never can
De replaced. Efforts should be d.
rected toward using as far as eco
nomically practicable the inexhausti-
BILE water power rather than the ex-
haustible fuels.
We have in this country around
5o.0O0,000 horsepower of water pow
ers, distributed about 25 per cent
east of the Mississippi river and rs
per cent west.
Early Industrial developments in
this country were built up around
the mill sites, and the best examples
OF this are the little grist mills and
saw mills and cotton factories such
as were found in Lowell, Lawrence
and Holyoke, Mass. These were
mostly small stations and the only
near towns, because there was no
means of transmitting power.
From Water to Steam
But coal could be transmitted and
so came the second step. We went
almost exclusively to steam power
and that big industrial development
came in or near the coal producing
states. The coal mine fixed the loca-
ton of our major industrial activity
In the northeastern section of the
United States. Today over so per
cent of the bituminous coal produced
In the United States is used in five
states-New York, Pennsylvania
Ohio. Indiana and Illinois.
Bear in mind that more than three
fourths of the prime mover capacity
or the United States-the steam en-
glnes, steam turbines and water
heeIs-employed in manufactures in
central electric stations and in cleo
tric railways is found east of the
mississippi river, and nearly two
thirds east of the Mississippi and
north of the Ohio and the Potomac
of our railway traffic, and our rail-
ways are almost exclusively steam
operated.
The net result of this has been
tast using up our most available fuel
resources and overlooking our trans
portation system to the breaking
point in distributing coal. Several
times we have had coal famines be-
cause tne railroads were unable To
move the coal to consumers
Vanishing Fuel Supplies.
Under these conditions it was quite
proper that we should feel deep con-
Germ at the rapid depletion of our fuel
resources and at the difficulties at
tendent on supplying our fuel de
mands. Our fuel oil reserves were fast
disappearing. and even If we could as
sumo that our ultimate coal resource
could be measul ed in centuries of sup
ply they were at such depth beneat
the ground, at such distance froI
points of use, that in cost of produ,
Evening star., 1924-04-15
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN

Q. Is it the rule or custom of the
President to pardon only upon the
recommendation of the Attorney Gen
eral?-D. G.
A The office of the Attorney Gen
eral says pardoning power rests with
the President and 1t Is not obligatory
for him TO consult with. the Attorney
General. 1t is, however, quite Gus
tomary for such consultation to take
place.
Q. Would it be possible TO find
trees after fifty years which have
been blazed for a trail?-G. w. II.
A The forest service says that
blazed marks are discernible for sew
eral hundred years and If made deep
enough will last as long as the trees
on which they are made.
Q. Why is Canal street, New Or
leans, SO called?-J. w. w.
A Canal street, New Orleans, de-
rlVes its name from the canal which
formerly traversed it The water
way was intended to unite the Mis-
sissippi with Lake Pontchartrain.
The canal had been partially filled in
by 1888 and completely filled in by
1873 The filing in of the canal
created a neutral zone along the
center of the street, which is now
used by the street car tracks
Q. Does porcupfne shoot its
qullis at its enemy?-F. F.
A. The quills of porcupine are
quite loosely attached to the body.
and when tho animal slaps with its
tail Gts usual mode of defensep some
qulils may be fiirted quite a distance.
1t is this fact, no doubt, that ia the
foundation for the popular notion
that the porcupine shoots it's quills
at an enemy.
Q. Can a person cut a stamp from a
stamped envelope and use il on an
other envelope?-F. G.
A. The Post Office Department saws
that stamp which has been cut from
stamped envelope cannot be used
on a blank one.
Q. Is it true that the body Of En-
peror Frederick the Great was not
embalmed?-N. D.
A. BY the express wish Of the en-
peror, his body was not thus prepared
for burial Two regimentaI surgeons
bathed the body and prepared it for
interment.
Q. Where is the Boston fish pier and
how does il rank ?-J. j. J.
A The Boston Chamber of Com
merce says that Boston is the most
up-to-date fish port in the world and
In production is exceeded only by
Grimsby, England 1t has one Of the
largest fish piers in the world, built
at the cost of $4,000, 900, is $4,000
square feet in area, with a capacity
for Simultaneous discharge of eighty
vessels. On and adjacent to it is the
largest tish-freeZing, cold storage
plant in the world, with a capacity of
5000, 900 pounds, also making capac-
1ty of $50 tons daily and storage of
10000. The Boston fish pier is locat-
ed at Northern avenue, Boston.
Q. Please state how many soldier
survivors of the Spanish-American
war are now on the pension rolls
j. T. d.
A. On June 30, 1923, there were
about $1,000 soldier survivors of the
Spanish American war on the rolls OF
the pension office However, there
have been changes since that time, as
these rolls are being materially in
creased.
O. Which card is known as the
curse of Scotland?-J. c.
Evening star., 1924-04-15
Base Ball Monument
Hailed as Good Move

It is generally kn own that great
oaks from little acorns grow and that
base ball only swelled into its present
position of being the national game
from the humblest beginnings. Which
is by way of preface to drawing at
tention to the proposal of Senator
Pepper to have the government recog-
niZe the growth of base ball and the
place il occupies in the national re-
gard by donating a site Tor monu~
ment to the sport in one OF the parks
in Washington.
That is all Senator Pepper asks
Congress TO do, just say that the
monument can be erected on govern
ment property. One of the two major
leagues will do the rest, provide
funds for the memorial. And If pop
ularity is authority for monumental
base bali should have a
statue. The sport is a fine one and
as a developer of Young America
has been potent influence along the
lines of manliness and health. Base
ball is something more than a mere
sport 1t symbolizes the democracy
of the nation and on the field and in
the stands all the daily barriers of
place and honor are temporarily
leveled in the free masonry of a COM
mon enthusiasm.
A monument to base ball would
probably crafty national sentiment
and be viewed with interest by most
visitors to hington.-Knoxville
Sentinel.
Evening star., 1924-04-15

retired officers and warrant officers
shall have their retired pay, or equiva-
lent pay, computed as now authorized
by law on the basis of pay provided
in this act" That was a fair proposal,
but in conference before final passage
Of the bill there was inserted a pro-
vision that nothing contained in the
act shall authorize an increase in the
pay of officers or warrant officers on
the retired list on June 80. 1922" That
provision denied the benefits of the
act TO a large body of men who saw
service in the civil war, war with
Spain. Philippine insurrection, Indian
wars and the world war. If Congress
means to deal fairly with men who
have served their country well it
should make the pending bill law.
Evening star., 1924-04-15
Japanese Exclusion.

That situation Of extreme serious
ness and deltcacy has arisen as a re-
suit of debate and action in the Senate
yesterday in the matter OF japanese
exclusion must he apparent TO all. 1t
is a time for sober thought and mod
crate speech. There will he firebrandS
on both sides who will add to the diff
iiculties of the two governments by
their intemperate utterances. There
ought not to be Incorporate utter
unces by those whose words are given
weight by the positions they occupy.
The letter of Ambassador Hanihara
to Secretary Hughes, which was for
warded to the Senate, was unfortunate
III its phrasing. His suggestion that
grave consequences" would follow
adoption of the exclusion program
could not fail to arouse resentment. 1t
wa< like the dare" with which one
small boy provokes another 10 fight
When diplomacy talks Of grave con
sequences" it is talking of possible
war. Accepted usage has given that
meaning to the phrase That ii was so
interpreted in the Senate is shown by
the fact that conservative senators
who have opposed an extreme position
i'll the matter of Japanese exclusion
went over to the side Of the extremist.
They felt that any other position
would be a sacrifice Of national dignity.
AS Senator Lodge said, the United
States cannot legislate in compliance
with the yelled threats of any other
power.
The vote of 76 to by which the Sen
ate rejected a committee amendment
which would have recognized the gen
tlemen's agreement" shows to what
extent the Hanihara note has solidified
Senate sentiment. The demonstrated
House and Senate majorities for exclu-
sion are so large as to indicate passage
of the immigration bill over a possible
executive veto. Apparently, so far as
Congress is concerned, the die is cast
Matters have been brought to IA crisis
because the Japanese ambassador used
a few words which could have been
omitted without any weakening of the
such small matters is the course of
empires swayed.
That war between Japan and the
United States is a possible consequence
no one on this side of the Pacific is
prepared to believe. 1t is inconceivabIe
that one nation could expect to dictate
the policy Of another in so purely a
domestic matter as immigration. But
there are possibilities of deplorable
consequences far short of war. There
may be an interruption Of that friend
ship between the two countries which
we have cultivated so carefully, and
which has progressed so favorably in
recent years. The American people as
a whole are genuinely and sincerely
the friends of the Japanese people
Their amazing progress in western
civilization we have watched with ad.
miration, and toward it we have con
tributed all we could. There has been
u" +~''"N If jealousy as we noted their
rapid rise to a commanding position as
one of the world ) great powers.
The American people still are will
ing to do all they honQrably can to re-
tain the friendship of Japan, and many
of them are not lacking in sympathy
with the feeling the japanese have in
the matter of exclusion. They fervent-
ly hope some way may be found to
satisfy japanese pride, without sacri-
fee of American self-respect.
Evening star., 1924-04-15
Kindness to Animals.
Writer Cites Work of American
Humane Association.
F1;.orof Tba Ctar

To the Editor of The Star:
Twenty-three states in this country
have passed humane education laws, and
ultimately our entire nation will have
humane education introduced into all OF
the schools.
Since Richard Martin began his great
work in England in 1922. when he Sc
cured the passage of the first statute
from a legislative body which recog-
nized the duty Of the prevention OF
cruelty to animals, mankind has been
engaged in a long and arduous conflict
The crusade is not yet ended.
Henry Bergh was the Richard Martin
of America in his pioneer work for the
welfare of animals. The first American
Society for Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals was established April, 1866.
Individually, we who love animals Try
to make happy the ones which we own
and those with whom we come into di
rect contact Why not make happier
the lot of all animals and really make
this e-Kind-to-Animals week sue
cessful nationwide movement calling
attention to the care and protection
needed for animals wild and tame and
resulting in permanent gooo LOT ule
great humane cause.
There are a number of ways for each
of US TO help abolish cruelty. Talk
about animals with the people with
whom you are daily associated.
particularly children, get them in
terested. Join local humane or
ganization and pledge your help Money
is needed to provide shelters for needy
animals adequate hospitals and free
clinics for sick and hurt animals and
farms which care for animals. Humane
officers should be employed not only for
the city, but for the remote sections,
where relief may be afforded which was
formerly overlooked or denied.
Another good thing to do is to JOIN
the American Humane Association, with
headquarters in Albany, n. y. and mem
berS in all parts of the United States.
who pay 5 year and receive monthly
the National Humane Review, which
gives its readers a general idea Of what
is being done, thought and said about
animals all over the world.
RUTH W. FORNEY.
Evening star., 1924-04-15
COURAGE
II am the master Of my fate,
l am the captain OF my soul"
HENLEY.

Poverty was ruthless to James B.
Duke when he was a boy, but in later
years he used its lessons and volun-
tarily denied himself.
Born on farm near Durham, N. c.,
he was motherless at four. When he
was eight his father returned from
fighting in the civil war so impov-
erished that he and his children slept
on straw tick in the log cabin.
The boy left school when nine to
work in the tobacco field. Then he
peddled the leaf. and at fourteen
became superintendent of the little
log factory with its twenty workers.
When he was eighteen his father
urged him to go to college but the
youth demanded a partnership in the
business. and got it. The concern
soon afterward moved to Durham
Three years later w. Duke, Sons &
Company added other members and
gave up tobacco growing to specialize
in curing and selling. Profits jumped
to $1,000 a year. The father retired
covered five acres.
James was the head and he re-
membered the value of capital No
one was allowed more than $4,000 a
later, to establish the business there,
he lived frugally. Even when he
earned $4,000 a year he had small
bedroom and ate in the Bowery.
Making of paper cigarettes by hand
was costly; he sought machines to
turn them out, and was told his at
tempt would bankrupt the firm.
Three years effort produced a me-
chanical device whose output almost
palsied competition.
Then he formed the American To-
bacco Company, sold the Duke busi-
ness to it for S7,500,0 900 and became
it's president. English concerns were
fighting, he bought Ogdens, Limited,
of Liverpool, fought its rival at a
cost of $4,000 a week, sold out at
profit and headed the British-Ameri-
can Tobacco Company to handle the
new combinations export end. Then
the United States government dis
solved the American Tobacco Com
pany, and he resigned as it's head.
He invested in other fields, made
many more millions and obtained two
homes; one is on Fifth Avenue, New
York, the other is an estate of 10000
acres in New Jersey.
tcopyritr ,a24a
Evening star., 1924-04-15
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE

threw "Cannonism" in the House of
Representatives. where he sat for five
terms before entering the Senate in
1913.
Gen. Dawes, who is busily garner
ing laurels in the allied capitals prior
to his return to America at the end
of April, is claimed by three states.
He was born in Ohio, grew up in Ne
braska and achieved fame and for
tune in Illinois. The "cussing briga-
der has always been lucky in the
choice of his comrades. His boyhood
playmate at Marietta, Ohio, was
George White. former chairman of
the democratic national committee.
At the Cincinnati College of Law, in
1885, Dawes was graduated in the
same class with Atlee Pomerene. In
Lincoln, Neb., Dawes crony was a
young Army lieutenant named John
j. Pershing, then instructor in mill
tary tactics at the University of Ne
braska AS soon as he moved to Illi-
nOis. Dawes attracted the attention
of William Mckinley.
y + +
During the debate Immediately pre-
ceding the Houses passage of the i'm
mig OiII, representative air
child of New York cited from "A Cen
tury of Population Growth 1890
1900" written by DR.. North, former
director of the census. Representa-
tive Jacobstein, another New York
state congressman, thereupon observ-
ed: Il have discovered, by consulting
that work and checking up the mem
bership of this House, that there a e
$50 of US who cannot trace our origin
back to the surnames listed in 1890
There are, therefore, at least $50 OF
us who might be declared to be for
eigners by those whose ancestors
were here 134 years ago"
Copyright, 1921
Evening star., 1924-04-15

tion and in difficulty of transportation
they were becoming constantly less
accessible.
Mark you that the railroads alone
use over 50,000,000 tons of coal year
and one-third of their freight equip
ment just for the purpose of hauling
coal to market and not for transporta-
tion of general merchandise. The rail-
roads alone have been using one
fourth of our total coal output and
one-seventh of our petroleum pro-
duction.
The development of water power is
not going to make 1T possible to dis
pense with steam power in the east
ern half of the United States, because
there is not enough water power In
this section to supply all the power
demands. But there are many million
horsepower not being used, and when
they are used they will automatically
stop the increase in the use OF coal
for power purposes and reduce the
burden Of the transportation.
Eastern Water Power Areas.
The places where these water pow
ers are available and where develop
ment is now going on and likely to
expand rapidly in the future in the
eastern part of the United States
are in three big areas: % the inter
mountain ranges between Virginia
and West Virginia, and CD the south
ern end of the Appalachian ranges. 1t
will be seen that these areas, roughly
speaking, extend from the St Law
renee on the north to Georgia and
Alabama. There are from 100000 to
4000. 600 horsepower on the st. Law
renee and Niagara on the American
side; hundreds of thousands more
horsepower in the small streams in
New York, western Pennsylvania and
West Virginia. There are big water
power possibilities in the upper
Tennessee basin.
on the Pacific coast fuel resources
are relatively scarce, and the great pro-
portion of the power deveiopmsnt ~ IS
greater in the future because there are
located there tremendous water power
resources In the eastern part OF the
United States fuel is the primary source
of power, while on the Pacific coast it Is
merely an auxiliary source.
liberalization of Railroads.
Electrification of the railroads, in the
superpower age, will still further greatly
relieve the situation in the east Prac-
tically all railroad men are now agreed
that electric operation is the best pos
sible method of increasing the carrying
capacity of a railroad system. Most of
our railroads today can carry little more
'team-pulleyl traffic because they are
'ow operating the maximum number of
,reight trains at the maximum speed
: ectritCation of the railroads shou d
mean a very noticeable reduction in
transportation costs.
So the situation now is this: Both be-
auSc We are able to transmit power
nd because of the increased cost of
uel. water power through the super
over systems will do the work with
.reater economy and efficiency, while at
e same time relieving the demand
.pcn our coal and oil resources.
Evening star., 1924-04-15
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Response to a Call!

Response to Call.
''The Country Needs More Fisher
men,
Says Secretary Hoover.
You find a statesman now and ther
Who is a time improver.
When energies have run to waste
And queered each public question,
It's great to hear a man Of taste
Who has good suggestion.
The willows bending by the stream,
Where soft the breeze is straying,
Invite the mind once more to dream
While sunbeams bright are playing
There is a a-summons in the skies
To greet the seasons beauty;
So by the thousand we will rise
And volunteer for duty!
Evening star., 1924-04-15

| A. The curse OF Scotland is the
name applied to the nine of diamonds
The origin of the name is uncertain
various explanations have been of
Tered, as follows: The nine of dia-
| monds is the Pope" in the game or
Pope Joan, and hence the symbol OF
ahtl-Christ TO the Reformers. 1t il
| the chief card in comette which
| game has ruined many families in
Scotland. 1t goes back to the ninc
loZenges on the Dalymple arms OF
t1 the Earl OF Stair, who was responsi
bic for the massacre of Glencoe
tradition says that the Duke of Cum
berIand while drunk and gambling OF
! the night before the battle Of Cullo-
oeh wrote across the face of this
| card that no quarter was to be given
| on the following day.
Q. How long before Lincoln was
/ assassinated did Mrs Surratt go to
Washington to iive?-W. r. w.
A. Mrs. Surratt moved to Wash
| ington in 1862 and opened the board
ing house which became the meeting
place of the men who planned the
assassination OF President Lincoln
Q. How much ght does cofree
lose in roasting?-T. n.
A. Coffee usually loses about l.
! per cent in weight in roasting.
Q. In the name Robert Louis
Stevenson" is Louis given the Eng
lish or French pronunciation?-P. +
A It is said that Robert Louis
Stevenson gave the name the English
pronunciation Lewis"
@. Are light-colored cigars milder
than dark ones?-N. S.
A. A Hght-colored wrapper does
not necessarily signify mild cigar.
1t is the filler which determines the
strength, and both light and dark to-
/ bacco may be bitter and strong if IL
has not been properly ripened and
cured.
Q. Why are first prizes given tho
blue ribbon *. L. r
A. The custom originated with the
Gordon bleu or blue ribbon, tern
applied to first-class cooks. especially
to female cooks. The blue ribbon or
ginally represented an ancient French
order Of knighthood and was first
conferred upon female cook b.
Louis XIV at the suggestion of Nine.
Du Barry
Q. viii ice freeze thicker in one
locality than another if the tempera-
ture is the same e. Z. j.
A. The weather bureau says that If
the other conditions are also the same.
there will be no difference in the
thickness of the ice. Other conditions
may differ very much. For instance.
there may be only shallow water at
the one place and quite deep at the
! other. In this case shallow water has
thicker ice than deep water Indeed,
the deep water may have no ice at
all. or the wind may keep the water
in motion, this hindering freezing, in
one case whereas the absence Of
wind would favor freezing.
Q. There are many illusions to ket-
ties singing "on the hob" What Is
the hob?-A. d.
A. A narrow ledge at the back, or
more generally at the side, of an open
fireplace which will hold a kettle, is
called the hob.
Q. Can you tell me how to stiffen
crOcheted basket?-C. A. L
A The best thing to use for TINS
purpose is diluted gum arabic
CHdUe pou question pou ,cdDt ar
stcf7-ed' Send it to The Star Inforud-
.ion B,ereGts. Frederic J. HG9kiZ.; dtrec-
.or 1920 North Capitol street. The orly
charge for this SeTlrice is cents t7'
stamps for return postCge.)
Evening star., 1924-04-15
The Keynoters.

Today is the day for the delivery of
party keynote speeches in the New
York republican and democratic state
conventions, respectively, and politi-
clans are looking forward with interest
to hear the big guns roar. The demo
cratic convention is meeting in AL
bany. where that old-line democratic
sound his party's keynote. The con-
ventiOn is meeting for the purpose of
selecting eight delegates at large to
the national convention and as many
alternates. New York has long exer-
cised great influence in setting the
pace for national declarations of party
policy in both parties.
But more interesting still will be the
launching Of the presidential boom Of
Gov. Alfred f. Smith, which, reports
will start him off with a hurrah de-
signed to let the country know that
Gov. Smith will have to be reckoned
with in the national convention. He
has been making progress in the mid.
die west, it is said, and after today's
expected spectacular event he will be
recognized as formal candidate for
the nomination.
The republicans will meet in New
York city tonight, and Secretary of
State Charles E. Hughes will make the
republican keynote speech. 1t is said
that he was asked by New York re-
publicans to make an old-time political
address, and dwell upon the admins
tration policies, linking up the New
York republicans with the administra-
ton and demanding it's Endorsement
and the support of President Coolidge.