davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
PSONAL MENTION

Mrs. Julia Churchill was in Fair
aeld Wednesday.
Mrs. Alice Spaulding was in Fair
enld Wednesday on business.
Mrs. Geanie Aver of Athens was in
town Wednesday on business.
Mrs. Eugene Gould of Cornville
vas in town shopping Tuesday.
Mrs. Frank Graham and little
laughter went to Portland Tuesday
sfternoon to pass a few days.
Mrs. Perle Black, who has been the
cnest of Mrs. Ethel Gordon returned
20 Gardiner Tuesday.
Mrs. Mary Croker has returned to
hor home in Canaan after visiting
her daughter, Miss Carolyn Crocker.
Mr. and Mrs. George Jones of Bing :
tam we're in town Tuesday, making
the trip by automobile.
Miss Helen Bouchard, accompanied
bv her little niece Annette Beaulieu
rero in Watervillc Wednesday.
Moses A. York, who has been In
/ .own to attend the funeral service
n his mother, Mrs. Pemelia @. York.
Mrs. Ralph Hill was in Waterville
on business Tuesday and an over
night guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Colby
Lawrence.
district nurse, has reported to the
rnrsc committee that during April
she made 157 calls.
cnv. Charles IT. Mckinney, of
Madison is among the ministers in
/ attendance at the annual meetings of
the state Congregational Conference.
Conductor William Peabody of
Portland is taking Conductor Her
bert 5. Hopkins place Oh the run
from SkCWhegan to Portland while
4 he is at Black Narrows.
Mrs. Mary w. Libby. superintend-
ont of the state Reformatory for
Women left Wednesday for Portland
on business after which she will go
TO Boston.
Toe Thibodeau who has been in
CoIlmbiavilIe, Mich, for a number
NJ months has returned to Skowhe-
ran where he plans to make his
home.
Miss Eugenia Bcrnier, who is en-
Moved at the local store OF the
Eroerv- Brown Company was at the
WaterviIle store on business We'd
nesday
The soloist Tuesday evening at the
state Congregational Conference was
Charles Turner who sang Hear My
CIV. 0 God" by Wooler. He was ac-
companied by Mrs. Mildred w. Wes-
ton. on the organ.
Her ort s. Hopkins, a, member of
the Black Narrows club accompan-
led by Oscar r. Wilder left Wednes-
day for Black Narrows, Lake MoXie,
where the spring outing of the club
Is 10 be held.
Mrs. r. G. Tucker. Mrs. John Nut
tig and Mrs. Herbert l.. Ames of the
Home Missionary Society of the
Centenary Methodist church went to
Lewiston Wednesday A. NJ, to at
tend a two days meeting of the Au-
gusta District
Miss c. Louise Gordon Deputy as
sistant Of the Ladies' Benefit Asso-
citation Of the Maccabees was at Au-
gusta Tuesday night attending n
meeting. returning Wednesday. She
was accompanied by the State Com
mander. Mrs. Lula r. Rohrets.
Mr.. and Mrs. Elias Taylor, who
have been the guests of Charles w.
TAYLOR Of Madison avenue for few
DAYS returned to Portland. They
were accompanied by their little
niece. Ellen Joyce Pratt of Wethers-
field. Conn.
Rev. Z. NJ. Sheldon. secretary OF
the Educational Society. OF Boston
and George w. Nash. president or
the Congregational Foundation Tor
Education. of Chicago. who were
speakers at the afternoon session
Tuesday of tho Conference went 10
WaterviIle by automobile where they
took a night train for their return.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
What. so ever Guild Meets

The What-so- ever Guild of the
United Baptist church met Monday
evening at the home of Mrs. Dean
S. Peacock. Chapters from the book
entitled The Soul of an Immigrant
were read by different members and
refreshments of ice cream and cake
was served. Ms. Peacock was assist
ed in entertaining by Mrs. Ethel Pub
licover and Miss Lillian Baker.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
Social Circle to Meet

The Ladies' social circle of the
Cniversalist church will hold thel
regular meeting this Wednt sday
afternoon at go O'Clock in Murray
vestry. This meeting will he known
as Dollar a Day Meeting" and at
this time each of the members will
contribute a dollar which they have
earned and at $50 o'clock q public
supper will he served. The COM
mittee in charge of the affair con-
sists of Mrs. Alice Mower. Mrs. Har-
riet Blaisdell. Mrs. Helen ELLIOTT
Mrs. Avis Simmons. Mrs. GupIill,
Mrs. Mary Dingley, Mrs. Ada Went
worth, Mrs. Lucy Roy. Mrs. Ada
Bragg. Mrs. Bessie Stowell, Mrs.
Mona Tracy. Mrs. Stella Bartlett and
Mrs. Henrietta Mccartney.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

tniS term. Miss Robinson will take a
training course for nursing. Miss Rob-
inson has made many friends here dur
Ing the time she has taught in Show
hogan who regret that she is to give
up her school.
Dinner Party for Miss Goodrich
Mrs. Maud Lawrence gave a birth
day dinner party at her home on
Beech street Tuesday night, enter
tanning the following guests in honor
of Miss Goodrich: Mrs. Lydia Pro-
vencial, Miss Nellie Bean, Miss Cad
die Brown, Mrs. Lou Eames, Mrs.
Nora Lancaster. Mrs. Agnes Dun
bar, Miss Celia Packard, Miss Edith
Longfellow. The dinner was de-
licious and nicely served and con-
sisted of scalloped potato, macaroni
and cheese, cold veal and ham, hot
biscuit, olives. cucumbers, fruit SAL
ad, plumb pudding with fudge sauce
and cookies.
The evening was passed sewing
and socially and the hours passed
together at the home of Mrs. Law
renee by these ladies. were most en-
joyable.
Monday evening the Chi Gamma
Theta banquet was given the active
members by the initiates in the Foss
hall dining room at Colby college.
Among the list of initiates appeared
the name of Ruth Viles, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Marshall c. Niles,
Coburn avenue, Skowhegan.
Skowhegan friends of Miss Doris
ToZier, daughter of DR.. and Mrs.
+. L. Tozier of Fairfield, who fire.
quently visits her grandparents, Mr..
and Mrs. Frank P. Pennell of West
Front street, will be interested to
know that in the list of the Junior
Glass day parts at Colby college ap-
pears Miss Tozier's name as histo-
rian.
Coll John A. Hadley. governor of
Danville Branch n. H. D. V. s., DAN
vile, ILL.,, and Col. Keith Ryan, gov
ernor Eastern Branch n. II. ID. V. S..
of Togus, were guests Tuesday of
Col. Roy L. Marston, who is a men,
Der of the board of managers of the
National Soldiers Homes, and also
were guests at the Rotary Luncheon
held in Grand Army hall Tuesday.
The students of the Skowhegan
High school are visiting the Somer-
set Jersey creamery. Each group
is chaper0hed by a teacher. The
officials at the plant cordially re-
ceive the young guests and explain
to them the processes of the work
which is done at TIE plant. The
manufacture of the Jersey Maid ice
cream is of especial interest. Be
fore their departure, each group is
treated to ice cream cones served
by the company.
The ladies of the Bloomfield Christ
mas Club We're entertained Tuesday
afternoon by Mrs. Lester II. Packard
at err home on Locust avenue. The
afternoon was passed socially and the
ladies worked on gifts for next Christ
mas. the next meetisg of the club will
be held Tuesday afternoon, May 20,
with Mrs. Lionel G. Traitor on Bap-
fist Hill.
There will be a box social at the
White schoolhouse on the Lakewood
road Friday evening, May 9th, to
raise money toward the purchase of
piano for this school. The social
will be given under the direction of
the teacher. Miss Ruth NJ. Valliere,
and the public is invited to attend.
The executive board of the Show
hogan Business and Professional
Women's Club will meet for bust
ness session at the home of Mrs. II.
G. Judkins on Water Street this
evening. All members of the board
are urged to be present.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

View Cemetery association Will be
held at the residence of George T.
Benson, Maple street at 7.30 o'clock
Monday, MAY Il for the election OF
officers for the ensuing year and TO
transact any other business that may
legally be done.
Ned Beagle of New York City,
president of the Burst Forster Dix
field company, was an over night
guest Tuesday of Mr.. and Mrs. Ma
thaniel B. Woodsum.
Sylvester Stevens. who recently nn-
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
Ladies' Social Circle Progressive
PARTY

A Progressive party under the
auspices of the Ladies' Social circle
of the Universalist church was held
on Monday evening in Murray vestry.
Supper was served at $50 covers
were laid for 80. After supper auc-
ton was played at 10 tables and a
delightful evening enjoyed. The
committee in charge of the affair
consisted of Mrs Charles Mower. Mrs.
G. II. Vinegar, Mrs. J. Fl. Stevens,
Mrs. Walter Trask, Mrs. Mary
Strickland, Mrs. Winfield Palmer,
Mrs. Marshall B. Helms, Mrs. Martha
Gleason. Mrs. William Balm and
Mrs. William Blake.
Mrs. Alice Caron. who was called
here by the illness of Mrs. Jennie
Penniman, has returned to her home
in Portland.
Mrs. Elmer McCorrison and son.
Elmer. Jr. and Mrs. John Casey of
Waterville. were guests Tuesday of
Mrs. Harold Bridges and Mrs. Frank
Garland of the Fairfield road.
Mr. and Mrs. John S. Tapley visit
ed the schools in Rome Tuesday,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
Pet Lamb Breaks Boys Leo

Winton. the little son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Frank Keene met with a SER
ious accident Friday in which his
leg was broken. The little fellow
was playing in the yard with a pet
lamb. the lamb being tied with a
rope, the other end of which was
tied to the boys leg. The ! lamb
jumped and ran. throwing the bow
to the ground, and breaking the leg
near the thigh. 1t will be necessary
for the boy to remain in bed six
weeks or more.
Walter Merrill Of Augusta was in
town over Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Haskell
went to Gardiner Sunday to visit
Mr.. Haskells brother.sFred Haskell
and wife. who have Just returned
from passing the winter In ST,
Petersburg, Florida.
The Fellow Craft degree was con-
ferred at the regular meeting Of
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08
PERSONAL MENTION

Miss Emma X. Robinson of Bingham,
who has taught in Skowhegan in one
OF the schools on Leavitt street, has re-
signed, to take effect at the close of
this term. Miss Robinson will take a
training course for nursing. Miss Rob-
inson has made many friends here dur
Ing the time she has taught in Show
hogan who regret that she is to give
up her school.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

~SNSAoA "a tAO S1SL &NOblC III
of Acme Rebekah Lodge gave Miss
Bertha Crowell also a past Noble
Grand Of the order a surprise party
tuesday evening at the home of Mrs.
Eunice Stevens and Mrs. Mildred
Spiller on Belgrade Ave. The even
ing was passed in a social way. Mrs.
Gatheryn Walton read an original
poem in behalf of those present
presented Miss Crowell, who expects
to leave in a few days on a trip 10
Michigan, with a handsome May
basket, in pink and green contain
ing a travellers manicure set and
White Ivory soap dish.
Delicious refreshments of sand
witches, cake and coffee was served
and the guests beside the hostesses
Mrs. Stevens and Mrs. Spiller were:
Mrs. Bertha Adams. Mrs. katheryn
Walton, Mrs. Matt Hallett and the
guest of honor Miss Crowell.
Mrs. Tracy has returned from
Illinois where she has been passing
tie winter with relatives and is at
the home of her son. Roy Tracy of
Water street for time before leav-
ing for her cottage at Smithfield.
Paul Gillian of Allston, Mass, for
mer resident of Oakland, who is on
a business trip through the Northern
Part OF the State is expected TO ar
rive in town the latter part of the
week and will be a week end quest
of Mr.. and Mrs. Winfield Palmer.
a party of students from Oakland
High School numbering about so
hung Harold Bessey a May basket,
Tuesday evening at his home on
the McGrath Pond Road. They were
invited into the house where games
were played and refreshments served.
The Fidelity Glass of the United
Baptist Church will meet Friday af-
ternoon il. the parior of the old Free
Baptist Church.
Principal Dean s. Peacock has re-
turned from business trip to Free
port.
Mrs. Grace Whitney of Portland is
visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
5. u. Knight of the Fairfield Road
for two weeks.
The Mothers Improvement CLUB
will hold an all day meeting today
in the vestry of the Methodist church.
There will be a continuation of the
study of Nitamines and the hostesse5
will be Mrs. Eliza Peavey and Mrs.
Ada Wentworth.
A. NJ. Glidden. real estate agent of
Fairfield was looking at farms on the
Belfast Road Wednesday.
Ladies' Social Circle Meets
The Ladies Social Circle of the
Universalist Church held their re2u-
lar meeting Wednesday afternoon at
2:S0 o'clock. The meeting was known
8 Dollar Day Meeting" each of
the members contributed a dollar
and told the way in which they had
earned it. At $3.50 o'clock a public
supper was served. the menu con-
sisting of baked beans, brown bread,
rolls, salads soft pies doughnuts and
coffee. There was a large attend
ance. and good sum realized for
the treasury. The committee in
charge of the affair included Mrs.
Alice Mower, Mrs. Harriet Blaisdeil,
Mrs. Helen Elliott Mrs. Avis Sim
mons. Mrs. Guptill. Mrs. Mary Ding
ley. Mrs. Ada Wentworth. Mrs. Lucy
Roy, Mrs. Ada Bragg, Mrs. Bessie
Stowell. Mrs. Mona Tracy. Mrs.
Stella Bartlett and Mrs. Henrietta
Mccartney.
Walter WEIGH has returned from
the Sisters Hospital in Waterville
where he underwent an operation.
The baseball team of oakland High
school went to South China We'd
nesday afternoon to play the team
of ErSkine Academy.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

The executive board of the Show
hogan Business and Professional
Women's Club will meet for bust
ness session at the home of Mrs. II.
c. Judkins on Water Street this
evening. All members of the board
are urged to be present.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

de-went an operation for the remov-
FL of tonsils at the Elm City hos
pital in Materville. mas recovered and
was able to resume his work Mon
day in the store OF Frank Brown.
Nathaniel Woodsum was a busi-
ness visitor in Augusta Tuesday.
Mrs. Ruel Mosher and daughter,
Maxine, have gone to Dexter to visit
Mrs. Mosher's sister, Mrs. Henry
Spaulding for a few days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Nathaniel have re-
turned from business trip to
Smithfield.
Walter Welch underwent a sue
cessful operation on his nose Mon
day at the Sisters hospital in Wa
terville and at present is reported
to be resting comfortably.
The Motner'se Improvement club
will hold an all-day meeting on
Thursday of this week in the vestry
of the Methodist church. There will
be a continuation OF the subject
'Vitamines" and the hostesses will
be Mrs. Eliza Peavey and Mrs. Ada
Wentworth.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

Walter WEIGH has returned from
the Sisters Hospital in Waterville
where he underwent an operation.
The baseball team of oakland High
school went to South China We'd
nesday afternoon to play the team
of Erskine Academy.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

There will be a box social at the
White schoolhouse on the Lakewood
road Friday evening, May 9th, to
raise money toward the purchase of
a piano for this school. The social
will be given under the direction of
the teacher, Miss Ruth NJ. Valliere,
and the public is invited to attend
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1924-05-08

The ladies of the Bloomfield Christ
mas Club We're entertained Tuesday
afternoon by Mrs. Lester II. Packard
at err home on Locust avenue. The
afternoon was passed socially and the
ladies worked on gifts for next Christ
mas. the next meetisg of the club will
be held Tuesday afternoon, May 20,
with Mrs. Lionel G. Trafton on Zap
fist Hill.
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
League Of Nations
Spokesman Oppose
Each Other Today
lContinued from page II

ed, striking what appeared to be the
keynote of his speech, for force
is tyranical. =
Germany" said Herriot, refer
ring to the late enemy for the first
time, always has proclaimed, even
in her parliament, a policy of mil
itarism.
.ssAll the principles of the COW
enant relative to treaties and reduc-
tion of ornaments apply to Ger
many the same as other nations. =
The league must fight wars Of all
kinds, 2 he said, civil, as well as
foreign.
80 France insists upon maintenance
of the covenant, which must become
a living and effective instrument.
The. small countries have the
same right to protection in this
matter through the league as have
the larger nations. France offers
loyal collaboration and supports all
the articles of the covenanhof the
France Wants to Help
20 Arbitration, security, disarma-
ment are all inseparable.
! France wants to help make
peace for all.'' Y
The League of Nations alone is
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
!. Market Report, !,


LOS ANGELES, Sept. 5.-Trad-
ing today was active with, supplies
liberal and prices fairly tseady. Let
.tuee continues scarce and prices
high although receivers expect ship
ment to begin next week from the
Guadalupe district. 9Cantaloupes, are
slightly stronger with lighter re-
ceipts. Other fruies are about steady.
Potatoes are slightly weaker with
iberal supplies ON track. River stock
is mostly, running to large size while
Russets shaye been nae0idna to small.
Price changes:
Cantaloupes-Local tip tops So
57c, poorer 35-40c crate. Paul rose
60;-85c. crate
Graepfrnit-Loeal special brands
$4,50-75,. market pack $3-3.25 box.
Lemons-special brands $4.5O-5,
choice $3.50 box. ]'
: !. Lettyte-Northern dozens $3.50
Z, 5, dozens. $5.75-6.25 crate.
sPeaches--Northern Lovells most
" small ripe !2-3c, few best 31ac ID.
.Yucapia Hales SIZE, few &c. f5s
=. Potatoes = Stockton Bnrbanks
$1.75s2 cwt, Idahos, Utahs, Rurals
and cobblers $L50-75 ewt.
I. Squash-Local summer 50-55c,
crookneck 45.-55c lug. .4.'t' "
Miscellaneous-Local strawberries
mostly $3.75-4 crate. Black local
figs 78c. Northern blackberries
75c:$l per tray, Casabas $l.25-50
cwt. 'H 'F
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
Mystery of twill q Y ! i.
Of Leopold IS
Finally Cleared


CHICAGO. Sept. 5.-The mystery
of Nathan Leopold s much heralded
".will,'' in anticipation Of sentence
toydeath for his part in3tlie smnrder
of Bobby Franks, was elearedouplby
Defense Attorney Clarence Darrow
and Leopold, f 3ssi.'-'ae-.'.' e,;.rs
~ Nathan has snot made out a
will, ~ Darrow,'l declared emphati-
cally. From time to time during
the past month he has given, me mem
orandums. on his possessions and
asked my suggestions for their dis
posal- He did not give me these
lists in anticipation of a death sem
tence.' - - rc-.s. ,si,on, ..
Leopold, at his daily conference
with newspapermen today, ,reiterat-
ed his denial of the twill" stories.
"Of course, / hayen,t made, o
will,' he said, /" About a mouth
ago the thought came. to me that I
would have no further use for my
bird collections and other articles 4
consider of value, so l. have been
sending lists of them to Mr.. Darrow,
asking his opinion of what to,sdo
with. the property" &
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
BY HARRY 3. HUNT
NEA Service Writer

"TASHiNGTON - Arthur Cap
w per's record-breaking victory
in the recent Kansas pri-
maries presents specific case for
the political analysts to dissect in
their study of comparative Cool
tdge and La Toilette sentiment in
the g-eat agricultural midwest.
/. Capper, leader of the farm
bloc" which preceded the La
Toilette bloc" in the Senate. was
renominated for the Senate by the
biggest lead ever given any candl-
date for any Office at Kansas
primary. This. in a campaign
where the cry Of the opposition
was that ,Capper should be defeat.
ed because he has nor supported
the president
Capper has been one OF the most
active critics in the Senate of the
Esch-Cummins railroad law. He
remained regular" however, in the
fight. led by the La Toilette forces,
TO Gus, Senator Cummins from the
chairmanship of -the Interstate
Commerce Committee. But he
helped overthrow the presidential
veto on the bonus bill and opposed
the Mellon tax bill, indorsed by
the president.
1T was on his opposition to the
presidential position on the
bonus and tax measures that
the fight against his denomination
was based. AS set forth in Cap
per's own Weekly" the battle cry
Of his enemies was sfQ
purge the party of those who
have failed to stand by the presi-
dent
But the voters failed to heed:
Capper won by more than 100000.
Now the question that is puz-
cling the dopesters is:
Was Capper's big plurality the
result of a pro-Capper or an anti
Coolidge sentiment?
To whatever extent it was anti
Coolidge. it is viewed as probably
actively for La Toilette. To the
extent itSwas simply pro-Capper.
it is looked upon as receptively In
ehned TO independent" proposals.
CECOND only to detective
schools in number. according
to Luther t. Steward. presr-
dent of the nationa! federation of
federal employees. come s"ciyil SER
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
MODESTO MAN IS
|. FOUND MURDERED,
/. NO. CLUE IS LEFT
Nv United Press Leased Wire

MODESTO,e Cal, Sept. So. f.
Parker of Modesto, was found murd
cred early today at Loniita Park,
San Mateo County, according to a
special dispatch from Redwood City,
received here. atG
|; Parker, formerly solicitor for
the Stockton record, here, left last
Sunday for. bay cities for vacation
trip. Accompanied by a fruit buy
er, whose name has not been learn
led. Parker had been expected back
yesterday.
I His body had been dumped out
dong. the highway, presumably
from an automobile. Redwood City
authorities are said to believe the
murder was committed in San Fran
cisco: -. NH.
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 5.-Be-'
lief that G. Z. Parker Of Modesto
was run down by an automobile in
San Francisco and killed and that
the frightened metorist who drove
the death car took his victim TO
the outskirts of San Bruno and
there abandoned him, was express
ed by coroner Samuel Neiri Of San
Francisco today.
Death WAS caused by basal frac-
ture, Of the, skull. The mans pock
ct had been turned inside out to.
indicate, but no evidence4of a strug
gle. were. found.
Parker had been staying at n,
Turk street hotel here.
Imperial Valley press., 1924-09-05
DIFFICULTIES IN
NAN NO. z OF
Il. A. DISTRICT

Los ANGELES, Sept. 5.-Eehoes
of the Ku Klux Khan difficulties
in klan No. . of Los Angeles, which
came to head with the breaking
away of a part of the organiza
tion s membership las. week, were
being investigated today by Chief
of Police Heath.
-. The chief is particularly inter
ested in the complaint of Samuel
w. Lee, sturdy guard at the kavern
Door, who complains that Patrolman
William A. Ross and ether klans.
men handled him roughly, even to
the extent OF handwriting him when
he sought to keep the officer and
fellow, klansmen out of the hall.
The investigation viii take the
regular course according to
Chief Heath, who will await a re-
Poas from the p;strolman s COM
manding officer before he acts.
Ross has denied that he hand
cnffed lee or treated him roughly.
Il was there only to keep order,
and did not do any of the things
Lee Nchagges, the patrolman stat
ed
Suprnrting the policeman is g..
v. Price LnsFerial representative of
the kadh, and one of the men eharg-
pd by Lee with forcing their way
past into the carern.
"The whole thing is the squawk-
ing of a number of disgruntled
klanmen-mea- We are glad to lose, -
Price IS reported to have said, sum
ming up. the difficulties.