davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1924-06-22
NO. 51-S.NIDDING.

Ever feel as though you never
wanted to drive a car AGAIN." Smith
asked one rainy day as he was step
ming from his car. His face was as
white as a sheet, anos his unlit ciga-
rette was wabbling be tween his chat
tering teeth.
You're skid shocked, Ifsaid, guess
ing the situation at once from the
SYMPTOMS. You'll get roVer 1t after
a few days of driving 0 q dry streets.
But it's mighty unpleas art. 1t sort
of makes you stop and think
"It makes you wonder: how you're
going to stopm Smith reCorted.
.I know; it's the same old story.
You had to stop quickly: the streets
were wet; you put ON the oIakes BOO 200
suddenly and the car six .dded. but I
have YOU stopped to real ize that IL
wasn't necessary to sk1d!
This was news to Smith. He had
taken skidding as a. necessary eslI.
on my chains" he said at length.
BUT that's a lot of tro lble some
times, especially when ID starts 70
out in the Wet fussing- with the jack
and the chains"
Insurance Against aS nash.
.Those are rather weak objections,
replied. IF the rain comes up IN
hurry, what's wrong with dfiVIns
into a garage and having an attend
ant put on the chains ftT you! II
isn't necessary to jack up tine WneeS,
though if you happen to have gooo
lack handy, that is som etEmes the
easiest way What nomin al fee the
garage man charges you VIII besgooo
insurance against participating In
smash-up. ., e;+, oo,-
coded but wouldn't it be a rather
satisfactory compromise to put CHAINS
on just one rear wheel IN ease OIL
rain? I've seen it done
so have l." said, but wit n dlsas-
trous results. If you could I've abso-
were adjusted alike, the one-chaln
proposition might work out But
suppose the brake on the untsha5ned
wheel takes hold before the oIner i!
The unclaimed wheel is going TO- lock,
slide forward a trifie and them sk1d
sidewise. OF course the skid will be
Tninimized by the chain on the 'other
wheel; but if you are in trattlc sat the
time, even slight skid may cause
YOU to collide with another car
But I've seen them use one Icnaih
when the streets were coweredl with
snow" he argued. Brown cldHhS II
works out well"
Chain Idea ins Snow.
That's different" explained; :
the chains is mainly to help the
wheels get traction, particularly
when the car is starting away from
the deeper snow at the curb. In that
case your brakes have nothing 70 90
with it. The differential is the thing
you must consider. If you Will recall
what L told you about the differential
that day on our trip when you were
Evening star., 1924-06-22
TRACTION LINE BUYS
BUSSES AS FEEDERS
Public Be Pleased, Is Policy of In
diana Electric Railroad,
Says Official.

III the people want to ride on rub
Der we will provide that facility"
said Harry Reid, president Of the In
terstate Public Service Company
which runs traction line between
Indianapolis and Louisville, In an
nouncing the purchase of eleven mo-
tor busses to operate between Indian
apolis and Franklin as an adjunct to
the main line of the traction COM
pany. Later 1t IS possible that the
company will operate busses down as
far as Columbus
Mr.. Reid was quoted to the effect
that the purchase is the first active
step of the company to meet bus
competition which has cut into the
traction transportation business be-
tween here and Franklin. He de-
clared that the company is in the
transportation business and intends
to give the type Of service the people
want.
Some time ago the company entered
into traffic arrangements with truck
line companies radiating from Sey-
mour, which is said to have facili-
tated freight shipments from the ter
ritory. giving producers a quick mar
ket for perishable foodstuffs in In
dianapolis.
AS this is the first traction line OF
the state to enter the bus business
actively with lines paralleling its
tracks. the effect will be profoundly
felt in bus business in general. Here
tofore the main contention of the
traction lines of the state has been
that il was unfair to run busseS par
allel to traction lines on free high
ways paid for by the people and
compete unfairly with fractions" A
lar rye part of the main state highways
traction lines.
Evening star., 1924-06-22
Sees Danger in Intellectual
Brake Regulations in States
Legislative Committee of H. 4. Il. Out.
ines Results of Investigation, Urg.
ing Need of Uniformity.

Increased and widespread interest
In automobile brakes has been
aroused recently as a result of an
Investigation of the brake laws of
the country by the legislative COM
mitteeS of the American Automobile
Association
The primary purpose of the investi-
gation~ it is stated, was to reveal
to tbes American car owner and all
those. vitality interested in traffic
safety the dangerous variation in
brake regulations and the utter need
for uniformity. But, the committee
repoEtS. it has been discovered that
there are no brake laws worth
unifyirG.
WhenSthe digest of state laws re-
garding automobile bakes was sub
mitted to~ Thomas P. Henry, president
of the A. a. A, he declared that in
view of the supposed interest in
safety the facts with regard to brake
regulationSN are nothing short OF
starting.
Basic RfasOns for Accidents.
II feel confident" Mr.. Henry said,
that the Legislative committee has un-
earthed one OF the basic reasons for
the abnormal number of traffic ac-
cdents and fatalities and l am hope
full that the ntssyS of this investiga-
tion will cause motorists and authori-
ties everywhere' to make every effort
to put brake res ulations on a plane
where they will-AJe worthy of general
adoption"
According to TIM report of the COM
mittee, practically ALL of the states
use the stereoty1@d formula that
brakes shall be "g11od 'and sufficient"
or adequate" terms which the COM
n1ittee believes are subject to too
wide ar interpret atbn where such
interpretation must of necessity be
made by policemen en- and brake in
Spectors.
President Henry'sx Comments.
Commenting on ther findings of the
A A a. investigators, Mr.. Henry
sac; nconaecticut is the lonly state VIII. IN
has a definite requirement as to
brake performance. The law in this
state specifically proNddes that every
motor vehicle, except motor cycles.
shall be equipped with at least two
sets of brakes operated independent
" of each other and of sufficient
power to lock the wheels while in
motion. Yet this regU lation is now
admitted to be generally inadequate
and is not being enforced.
1T makes no provision for braking
systems which are more effective
than those which merely lock the
wheels and ca7rse sliding or skid ding,
Evening star., 1924-06-22

stuck in the mud. you know that if
one rear wheel is held because it
doesn't get traction, the power will
be transmitted to the other wheel,
which will simply spin around If it is
equally without traction. If you have
a chain on one wheel, therefore, you
have pretty good chances of starting,
though it may be necessary to block
the unclaimed wheel to keep it from
spinning.
But why do the thing half way?
Why use one chain when you've got
two or perhaps four? And, as a sec
ond thought on the subject, why not
know how to prevent skidding with
out the aid of chains, SO that if you
should happen to leave your brains
and the chains in the garage, you
Right Skid Explained.
I'D like to know how that's DONE"
Smith wondered. IT apply the brakes
and the car always skids to the right
It's the same every time"
Your brakes are not adjusted
equally" I replied THAT accounts
for your skidding always in the one
direction. If they were properly ad-
justed, and if you steered straight
ahead, the car would merely slide
straight forward. But you always
make matters worse by turning away
from the direction of the skid. You
should steer straight ahead if the car
merely slides, and always in the di-
rection the rear wheels slide If the
car skids."
l added that expert drivers take no
chances on the brakes being un-
equally adjusted They shift into
second" and by slowing up the pro-
peller shaft impart the braking force
equally to the rear wheels. And If
there's no alternative but to hit an
other car, they aim to make the col
lision the rear-end variety. These
are invariably less dangerous and less
expensive, owing to the general use
of bumpers and spare tire carriers.
When we had finished talking
Smith was actually disappointed be-
cause the sun was coming out He
wanted to try out some of these
schemes right then and there.
Next week-Stopping the Leaks.
Copyright, 1924. by the Ullman Feature
Service-)
Evening star., 1924-06-22
BY JAMES MURPHY.

We of the racing fraternity have
known about four wheel brakes for
years L used them on the car which
won the French Grand Prix and !
have used them ever since. 1t is my
honest opinion, gained from expe-
rience on the road and track, that
four wheel brakes will be used on
every make of car within five years.
Rear wheel braking. which the auto
mobile industry has used for over
twenty years, does not give the
length of life without. adjustment
that four wheel brakes do. A rear
wheel system cannot stop a car in so
short a distance. With four wheel
brakes on my racing car / can drive
down a straightaway at 120 miles per
hour and brake without the least
suggestion of a skid and go into a
turn at reduced speed. With rear
wheel braking system the rear of the
car would sway If the brakes were
applied for a quick stop at 120 miles
per hour.
many passenger cars, will eventually
be used even on cheaper cars because
of the following reasons:
1. They enable the driver to stop
quickly. almost twice as quick as with
rear wheel brakes.
g Skiding is practically eliminated,
even on a wet street.
g. Brake adjustment is not needed
so often.
4. Brakes last longer.
5. Less effort is required to stop
large. heavy car going at fair
speed.
OverruIes Objections
You might after reading these ad-
vantages bring up some objections,
which shall promptly overrule.
While an improperly designed four
wheel system may get the driver into
trouble on turns, there is no reason
why every system cannot have pro-
vision for preventing the front
brakes from locking the wheels.
In the Packard and Rickenbacker r
systems and every European type
there is inherent in the design some
mechanism which does not permit OF
locking the wheels, which means
that while the car is easier to stop
and cannot do tricks on the turns. IL
also saves tire wear. for the tires
never are permitted to slide.
There are two general types of
systems, the mechanical and the hy-
drauliC. The latter was the frst de-
veloped in this country and put TO
practical use. The hydraulic system
uses glycerin and alcohol or castor
oil and alcohol in a closed housing,
so that when you press the foot
brake pedal you cause oil to be forced
into a cylinder behind the brake
pedal Oil is forced out of this mas
ter cylinder to four cylinders, one at
each wheel.
Total of Five Brakes.
A piston in each wheel is forced
down moving a rod which connects
with the brake shoe cam or toggle. or
whatever means is used for operat-
ing the shoes. One car with hy
draulic brakes has also a hand brake
on the propeller shaft, making total
of five brakes.
The mechanical four-wheel brakes
are to be the coming type. Hy
draulics in the motor car seem wrong
to me, especially when we consider
that the fluid must be free flowing
all the time, whether in a cold section
| or a hot one. One must always con-
slider the possibility of leaks in such
| a system.
The mechanically operated systems
! have all four brakes operated by a
foot pedal just as you now operate
the rear wheel brakes by a pedal.
The hand brake is usually connected
| to a second rear wheel set or else the
Evening star., 1924-06-22

as. for example, some of the four
wheel brake layouts. Locking of
wheels has been generally regarded
by engineers as a dangerous feature
The Massachusetts law provides
that automobiles shall be equipped
with two sets Of brakes, each one of
which shall be sufficient alone to stop
the vehicle within the proper distance,
but the law fails to specify what the
proper distance is, and thus 1T be-
comes a matter of personal interpre-
tation by the police or the courts.
Tested by U. 8. Bureau.
"A reference is made in the 'Massa-
chusettS law to a chart prepared by
one of the brake lining companies
Indicating that an automobile travel
ing at twenty miles an hour and un-
der normal conditions should be able
to stop within thirty-five feet. Tests
conducted by the United States bu-
reau of standards indicate that 1T is
difficult for the average automobile
to come to a complete stop within
this distance under normal condi-
tions, and often impossible where
conditions are adverse to wheel trac-
ton.
homa, Rhode Island. South Carolina,
Tennessee, Louisiana. Colorado. Tex
as and Wyoming have no laws relat-
ing specifically to- brakes.
In none or the laws Is tne aDllllS
of the driver considered 1t is as
sumed that if brakes are adequate
safety will follow as a natural con-
sequence whereas good brakes are
no assurance that they will be used.
Drivers operate their brakes with
varying degrees of skill. with the re-
suit that a driver with brakes that
may not measure up to requirements
when normally handled will contrib
ute more toward the safety of the
highway than excellent brakes in the
hands of persons who are tardy or
perhaps reckless in handling them.
Personal Element Considered.
"The personal element will have to
be considered in any brake regula-
tions that can qualify for uniform
adoption by the states.
In cooperation with the Amer1-
can engineering standards commit
tee, the bureau of standards and the
Society of Automotive Engineers the
American Automobile Association
will sponsor the development tests
that are expected to shed some light
upon this important but neglected
question. In cooperation with these
organizations, a sectional committee
representing all the national organi-
cations in the country interested In
safety is now being created for the
purpose of developing a safety code
on brakes Nothing satisfactory in
the way of legislation on brakes can
be achieved until the results OF this
work are known.
Evening star., 1924-06-22
Famous Race Driuer Sees Four
BraketSystem Universal in Auto
Says Ne,UsMethod Has Advantage for
Economy and Safety Over Old Style
insUse in United States.

same rear wheel brakes constitute
the hand brakes.
The installation of four wheel
brakes does not mean simply adding
a pair of brakes to the front wheels.
Provision must be made for eQualiz-
ing the fronts against each other
and the rears against each other, and
then the fronts against the rears.
If this were not done trouble would
come up on turns. on wet streets.
etc. There are many methods used
for equahzing. the best 1 have seen
being on the Rickenbacker, in which
a differential equalizer is used for
each pair of brakes. Since the front
wheel must turn, there is usually a
universal joint on the brake operdt-
ing shaft in front, but in one in
stance there is no universal of the
ordinary kind used. Instead the op-
Grating cam itself becomes the uni
yersal.
Frontwheel brakes will within a
short time be on every car, so drivers
may as well get accustomed to using
them properly. You. cannot expect
anything new TO make up for errors
on the part of the driver.
Evening star., 1924-06-22

ciaI cases and ships them on dates
that fit in with the sailing dates of
their owners. 1t attends tos details
at the port of arrival and delivers
the cars ready for use. Club repre-
sentatives secure necessary licenses
and permits. Service is rendered at
a comparatively low cost.
Foreign affiliated clubs in thirty
one countries provide courtesies and
assistance to the tourist members of
the American club.
Supplies and accessories to be car
ried on the foreign tour are sug-
gested in the book.
A complete shipping service is of
fered by the Cunard Company The
automobile foreign service depart
ment of the French line provides a
novel service, shipping unlocked cars.
Costs and rules covering the hire
and use Of Rolls Royce automobiles
in various countries are printed.
Suggestions for motorists crossing
the Canadian border makes a section
of Motoring in Foreign Lands"
Evening star., 1924-06-22
EXPECTS AUTO SALES
TO BREAK RECORD
Velie Official Predicts Unprece.
dented Volume of Business
This Summer.
CRITICIzEs MODEL CHANGES
Public Buying Cars Which Retain
Late Lines.

The automobile industry has seen
lots of surprises. Time and again
predictions of bad business have not
come true and Just as often predic-
tions of good business have fallen
by the wayside. Today. I believe, we,
have a new era of surprises. For the
first time, summer business this year
is going to set another precedent and
show bigger volume of sales than
the first part of the year"
This is the opinion of F.. E. Brad
field, vice president Of the Velie
Motors Corporation. who for more
than twenty years has been leading
sales figure in the automobile in
dustry.
Mr.. Bradfeld asserts that summer
business this year is going to hand
the automobile trade a jolt New
models, plus good weather and the
natural inclination of every one to
own a new automobile will stimulate
business, he says.
II have just returned from trip
around the eastern part of the United
States" Mr. Bradfield said. "and 1
found that in every place where the
worker was employed and good
weather prevailed cars were moving
faster than ever before at this time OF
the year.
Public Tired of Changes.
1T is true that some manufacturers
who have stocked their dealers
heavily with 1924 models and are
planning on bringing out 1925 cars
this summer will have d hard time.
The public is sold on improvements
such as the balloon tire and the four
wheel brake and tnoSe manufac-
turner's who have large stock in the
field of past models cannot afford to
ditch their dealers with large stocks
on hand. If they announce new and
improved cars the public will not buy
| the old ones and the dealers VIII go
into bankruptcy.
"E,yerywhere I went I found a
! tendency on the part of the public
| TO buy cars from the stable and con-
| seryative manufacturers who are not
| changing their cars every time the
| wind blows in another direction. The
public wants car that will retain
! its used car value and the manufac-
! turer who realizes this and puts good
equipment on his cars, good material
| built into them and with good ap-
pearing automobiles is going to make
money.
TT is my belief that the old theory
| of buying a car for a year and then
| trading II for another one is passing
with the average automobile owner.
| He cannot see why he should change
| his car when 1t runs perfectly well
and has such a low used car price,
| due to new models. l believe that 1
| am safe in saying that the next two
wears will show remarkable growth
| on the part of the Older stable COM
| panies who have a sound sales policy
| Of building cars so that they will
I retain their best value after the first
| year"
Evening star., 1924-06-22

Copyright, 1924. by the Uliman Feature
Service-)
Evening star., 1924-06-22
REAL MENTALITY TEST

If Psychologists and alienists are
looking for real mentality test whv
do they overlook the automobile ,
More people have been unoffciaI1v
tested as to mental norma!ity bv
meang of their actions at the whae,
than any ten mentality tests com
bined.
Evening star., 1924-06-22

The average automobile engine
turns over at least 1900 times per
minute. With each turnover making
an average of three to four explo-
sions in the cylinders, it will be seen
that a car engine fires more than
3oO, 900 times an hour compared with
$500 ticks of a watch in the same
period,
Evening star., 1924-06-22

Like the poor, fools are always
with US. For instance, there is the
motorist who persists in driving his
car month after month without 4
thought for his brakes-until he gets
into dangerous place. Then he
comments, if any one is with him in
the car, that he hasn't any more
brakes than snake has hips-or
some other wise crack to make his
passenger forget the menace of the
moment And usually it is the bird
with the bum brakes who drives AT
breakneck speed
Evening star., 1924-06-22

The motorist who has a conscience
does not have to be told he should
have his brakes inspected at periodic
intervals He knows he is a poten-
tial killer-more deadly than the
deadliest gunman- He is aware that
the hapless pedestrian has no pro-
lection from the menace of a brake
less car other than the agility of
two legs.
Evening star., 1924-06-22
JOhn* Smith and His Car
BY FREDERICK c. RUSSELL.

whom should welcome He
chap willing and glad
benefit of
the oherI membe o.
Evening star., 1924-06-22
Ocean Note AZ Years on Way.

Frank Pick, while walking along
the beach at Rockaway, n. Y, picked
up a corked bottle that was washed
in by the waves. The top of the bot
tie was sealed. but Pick broke the
neck and found inside the following
note: This bottle was cast into the
sea at Kingstown, in the county of
Dublin, Ireland, on the 4th day of
December, 1882, by Elizabeth Kinch
Pave Lane, Kingstown, age IS. Hope
some nice boy finds and returns it to
me-" Pick is returning it to the girl.
who, If alive, is now sixty years old.
Coffin Innings cost more now than
they did before the war. AS mat
ter of economy, one should pay more
attention to brake Innings.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1924-05-08
Newsstands Are
Under Fire Again
Council Asked to Order Removal OF
Newsstand Located at Corner
of Market Square.

"Squatter rights are lnVolteu in
question laid before the council Mon
day in a petition presented by the
Bell Clothing store by Adolph Epstein
against tie newsstand To-
Gated at the southwest corner Of Mar
ket Square. 1t was claimed that this
stand is ga sore spot to Main street"
and that the newsboys there are Con
tinually raising a rumpus." The
council was asked to order the stand
removed.
It developed in the discussion that
no permission has been issued for the
location of newsstands, the owners"
merely stationing their stands and
holding them by the right of custom.
The council did not care to take hasty
action on the petition, realizing that
the stands are an accommodation to
the public and voted to have the po-
lice order the stand in question to be
cleaned up and kept more orderly. The
request was referred to the council
as committee Of the whole for final
action later.