Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1924-11-16

was before the war, led The Star to
request the National Geographic So
ciety to sketch map of the New
Europe and a summary of postwar
changes.
The outline map herewith shown,
end the following summary of
numerous changes in boundaries and
eovereigntiss, may readily be pre-
served for classroom study.
The information provided by the
Rational Geographic Society is espe-
,lally valuable because it records not
only the changes effected by the
major peace treaties, but it COM
prises also further adjustments
some of them effective within recent
months. The summary of the changes
follows:
Born of Treaties.
The new map of Europe was born
Of the World War treaties of peace
and subsequent conferences between
'Hc Inteute Allies and the vanquished
'cntTdl towers These treaties
'hoSe of Versailles with Germany and
hungary, that of St GERMAN with
Austria. that of Neuilly with Sui
raria, and that of ScVreS with Jur-
hcy-purportcd to erect new bound
airy lines between countries OF con-
tictirS economic interests, antag-
onistic racial distinctions, and rival
historic traditions. 1t has been COM
ruted that, in 1914, there were in
Europe 5000 miles of boundary lines
between nations and that now there
"re 10000 miles of boundaries.
further, that 5000 miles of the latter
nre new boundaries.
One of these new nations, whose
names now are blazoned on the map
of Europe. is not an infant, but is
sovereign state which is experiencing
5. national northumberland. Others
IugoSlavia. C1schoslovakia I,atvia
i.Sthonia, Lithuania and F'inland-arc
received for the first time into the
society of civilized states.
story of Germany's Lo.scs
The maps story of Germany's terri
torldl losses needs but little elabora-
ton. In addition to $500 square
miles and nearly 1000 900 inha bitants
ioat By the recession to France of
tho provinces of Alsace and Lor-
faine, the former empire of the
Kaiser surrendered control Of the
great Saar Valley coal field, to COM
nensatc in part for the coal mines
of northern France destroyed or Grip
pied by the invaders.
Fifteen years from the coming into
force of the Versailles treaty the
inhabitants of the Sdar Basin shall
determine by plebiscite whether they
wish to become part of the French
state revert to Germany, or remain
under the control of d. commission Of
the League of Nations.
Belgium's Gains.
Belgium has acquired full SOW
ereiEnty over the sections OF the tiny
area known as Ioresnet-neutral
Moresnet and Prussian Moresnet-and
OF this kreise, or district, in which
are the small towns of Eupen and
Nalmedy.
Germany was compelled to sur
render TO Poland territory equal in
area to Vermont and Massachusetts
combined fsome 1900 square miles),
with population of nearly 100000,
and in order to provide this recreated
state with an outlet to the sea, the
Fermans gave up the great Baltic
seaport of Danzig, which became the
free City Of Danzig," with an erea
OF more than 700 square miles, under
the protection of the League of Ma
lions. The Memel district, to the
northeast of East Prussia, was in
trusted to the allied and associated
powers pending final settlement of
IT'S sovereignty. In 1928 1t was award
ed TO Lithuania under certain con-
fitions intended to regulate the use
Poland.
F1ebiscites In Six Areas.
In addition to the Saar Basin, the
,'erman treaty designated six areas
for plebiscites to determine their
eventual ownership-two in East
irussia (Marienwerder and Allen
steln), Schleswig 1.-TWO zones), and
pper Silesia. The results of the
r'eblscites were as follows; Schles-
wig tMarch, 1920, northern zone for
IleunaTk, southern zone for Ger
many; East and West Prussia July,
lf2o(, for Germany; Upper Silesia
March. 1920, for Germany, but de-
+nite the decision in Upper Silesia,
i,24O square miles, with a population
OF S91,669. were transferred to
Poland.
AS q. guarantee for the faithful
execution of her contracts under the
treaty, Germany consented to the
military occupation of territory to
Tho west OF the Rhine with bridge
heads at Cologne Coblenz and Mainz |
designated on the map as the zone
Of allied occupation" This occupa-
tlon is to continue Is years.
Estimate Transfers.
An estimate OF the actual areas |
and populations lost to prewar
''Fi MANY ids DcSH IldUe dS IOllDWS.
Alsace-Lorraine, 5,60J square miles. |
population, 1,S74,O14; ceded to Bel
GUM, 800 square miles, population,
eo,00S: coded to Poland, 1896 square
miles, population. 3,s53,423: Memel, |
1.oe5 square miles, population, 49,
23S. Danzig. 1SS square miles, popu-
latioR. 330,630; coded to Denmark,
l,s1 square miles, population. 1866
R4S:. coded to Czechoslovakia, 11Oi
Loo lot
eI,224 square miles, population, g.
1852.
Before the World War, the dual
monarchy of Austria Hungary boast
cd an area of 100000 square miles
md a population of 50,O00000. The
area OF Austria proper was $4,000
square miles, with population of
29Hq9qQo. BY the treaty of St.
Gefmafn, the Austrian republic be-
came an impoverished state Of $4,000
squhpsr miles (smaller than the State
Of Maine), with a population not ex-
ceeding 100000, nearly a third of
whom were crowded into the desti-
tute capital. Vienna
The only plebiscite district provided
for In the st. German treaty was
that OF the Klagenfurt district, which
lies on the border of Croatia, now a
part Of the new Serb Croat Slovene
State. BY a substantial majority, the
Inhabitants voted to remain with
Austria.
Hungary Was Reduced.
By its loss Of Pennsylvania, with
$4,000 square miles and nearly 3,o00,-
tia. Slavonia, Dalmatia and portions
of Banat to Jugoslavia, and of some
$4,000 square miles and 100000 In
habitants in SloVakfa to CZechoslo.